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Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Araujo RC, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Sanford CD, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on ruminal in vitro fermentation of bahiagrass hay with supplemental molasses. Animal 2021; 15:100195. [PMID: 34029791 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to increase efficiency of beef production. Decreasing losses of CH4 and improving byproduct utilization are popular strategies. Two feed additives were tested to find potential solutions. Three randomized complete block design experiments were performed using batch culture systems to evaluate the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro ruminal fermentation of bahiagrass hay and supplemental molasses. The first experiment contained four treatments: (1) basal substrate; (2) basal substrate with 0.75% urea (DM basis); (3) basal substrate with 1.2% CAN and 0.38% urea (DM basis); and (4) basal substrate with 2.4% CAN (DM basis). Treatments 2, 3, and 4 were isonitrogenous. The second experiment had a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 4 concentrations of BSS (0.00, 0.33, 0.66, and 1.00%; DM basis) and 3 concentrations of CAN (0.0, 1.2, and 2.4%; DM basis). The third experiment had the following treatments: (1) basal substrate; (2) basal substrate with 0.05% BSS (DM basis); (3) basal substrate with 0.10% BSS (DM basis); and (4) basal substrate with 0.33% BSS (DM basis). For all experiments, basal substrate consisted of Pensacola bahiagrass hay (Paspalum notatum Flüggé; 80% substrate DM) and molasses (20% substrate DM). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In Exp. 1, in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility (IVOMD) was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) with the inclusion of CAN, and CH4, in mmol/g OM fermented, was decreased linearly (P < 0.001). The volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile was not impacted by the inclusion of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) or CAN (P > 0.05). In Exp. 2, except for CH4 production (P < 0.05), there were no BSS × CAN interactions. Linear reductions in total gas production (P < 0.001), IVOMD (P < 0.001), and total concentration of VFA (P = 0.007) were observed with the inclusion of BSS up to 1%. The inclusion of BSS decreased H2S production in a quadratic manner (P = 0.024). In Exp. 3, IVOMD was not impacted by the inclusion of BSS (P > 0.05); however, production of H2S was linearly decreased (P = 0.004) with the inclusion of BSS up to 0.33%. In conclusion, in vitro fermentation was negatively impacted by the inclusions of BSS, up to 1%, and CAN, up to 2.4%; however, BSS decreased production of H2S when included up to 0.33% without impeding fermentation, while CAN decreased CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Henry
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2141, USA.
| | - F M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2141, USA
| | - R C Araujo
- GRASP Ind. & Com. LTDA, Curitiba, Paraná 81260-000, Brazil; EW
- Nutrition GmbH, Visbek 49429, Germany
| | - M E Garcia-Ascolani
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA
| | - P L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-1506, USA
| | - N Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - C D Sanford
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA
| | - T M Schulmeister
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA
| | - M Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA
| | - G C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - N DiLorenzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Ciriaco FM, Sanford CD, Canal LB, Cooke RF, Pohler KG, Henry DD, Mercadante VRG, Ealy AD, Johnson SE, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Effects of nutrient restriction on the metabolic profile of Bos indicus-influenced and B. taurus suckled beef cows. Animal 2021; 15:100166. [PMID: 33500214 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research from our group demonstrated that Bos indicus-influenced suckled beef cows had greater resilience to withstand nutrient restriction and establish pregnancy compared with B. taurus cows exposed to the same conditions. To further understand these findings, differences in metabolic profile between these same B. indicus-influenced and B. taurus females were explored. Suckled beef cows (n = 134) were enrolled in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. On day -21, Angus (AN; Bos taurus) and Brangus (BN; B. indicus-influenced) cows were randomly assigned to 1) a diet that met daily energy maintenance requirements (MAINT), or 2) a diet that restricted intake to 70% of the daily energy maintenance requirements (RESTR). Cows were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol and received an embryo 7 d after ovulation was pharmacologically induced on day 0. Blood samples were collected on days -21 and 19 to determine circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, glucose, and IGF-1. Pregnancy status after embryo transfer was determined on day 28. As a consequence of the proposed diets, cows in the RESTR diet had less body condition score (BCS) on day 19 (P = 0.008) across breed types. Moreover, BCS change from day -21 to 19 was included as independent covariate into subsequent analyses, allowing for the comparison of breed types under an equivalent level of body reserve mobilization. A breed × diet interaction was observed for plasma insulin (P = 0.03) and IGF-1 (P = 0.04) on day 19, where AN-RESTR cows had less plasma concentrations on day 19 compared with AN-MAINT cows. Diets did not impact (P > 0.10) plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations in BN cows. No diet or breed effects were observed in circulating concentrations of NEFA, BHB, and glucose (P > 0.10). Across breed types and nutritional treatment, there was positive linear effect (P ≤ 0.04) of plasma concentrations of insulin and IGF-1 on the probability of pregnancy to fixed-time embryo transfer. In summary, the negative impacts of nutrient restriction on the somatotropic axis, independently of body tissue mobilization, were heightened in Bos taurus females compared with B. indicus-influenced cohorts, which corroborate with the differences observed in fertility between these subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America.
| | - N Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - F M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - C D Sanford
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America
| | - L B Canal
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, United States of America
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - D D Henry
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - V R G Mercadante
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - A D Ealy
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - S E Johnson
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - N DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, United States of America
| | - G C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
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Silva GM, Chalk CD, Ranches J, Schulmeister TM, Henry DD, DiLorenzo N, Arthington JD, Moriel P, Lancaster PA. Effect of rumen-protected methionine supplementation to beef cows during the periconception period on performance of cows, calves, and subsequent offspring. Animal 2020; 15:100055. [PMID: 33516019 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition affects the development of the fetus and postnatal performance of the calf. Methionine may play a critical role in developmental programming and is likely deficient in beef cows fed low-quality forage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of metabolizable methionine supply to lactating beef cows during the periconception period on performance of cows, calves, and subsequent offspring. This project involved two consecutive production cycles commencing at calving in which dietary treatments were fed to cows during the periconception period along with measurements on cows and initial calves in Production Cycle 1, and measurements on subsequent calves in Production Cycle 2. Brangus-Angus crossbred lactating beef cows (N = 108; age = 6.4 (2.8) year) were stratified by previous calving date and assigned to one of three supplements: (1) control, molasses plus urea at 2.72 kg/day as fed, (2) fishmeal, 2.27 kg/day molasses plus urea plus 0.33 kg/day as fed of fishmeal, and (3) methionine, 2.72 kg/day of molasses plus urea plus 9.5 g/day of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid. Cows were fed supplements and low-quality limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) hay while grazing dormant bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) pastures during the 115-day periconception period from December 2014 to April 2015 in Production Cycle 1 only. Body weight change and milk yield of cows were measured during the periconception period in Production Cycle 1. Body weight of calves was measured at birth and weaning in both production cycles. Following weaning in Production Cycle 2, eight subsequent steer calves per treatment were individually housed for a 42-day metabolism experiment. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) BW change of cows, but cows fed methionine tended (P = 0.09) to produce more energy-corrected milk than control and fishmeal. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) 205-day adjusted weaning weight of calves in either production cycle. During the metabolism experiment, subsequent calves from dams fed fishmeal and methionine gained faster (P < 0.05) and had greater (P < 0.05) gain:feed than control calves. Methionine calves tended (P = 0.06) to have greater apparent total tract NDF and ADF digestibility and lesser (P < 0.05) blood glucose concentration than control and fishmeal calves. These data indicate that maternal methionine supply during the periconception period plays an important role in programming future performance of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Silva
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32351, USA
| | - C D Chalk
- Department of Animal Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - J Ranches
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - T M Schulmeister
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32351, USA
| | - D D Henry
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32351, USA
| | - N DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32351, USA
| | - J D Arthington
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - P Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - P A Lancaster
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA.
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Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Mejia S, Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Sanford CD, DiLorenzo N. 113 Effects of Bismuth Subsalicylate and Calcium-Ammonium Nitrate on Liver Mineral Concentration and Performance of Growing Beef Heifers. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D D Henry
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL
| | - F M Ciriaco
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL
| | - S Mejia
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL
| | - P L P Fontes
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL
| | - N Oosthuizen
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL
| | - C D Sanford
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL
| | - N DiLorenzo
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL
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Oosthuizen N, Fontes PLP, Sanford CD, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Canal LB, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. 510 Impact of estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination on calving distribution in Bos indicus influenced beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Araujo RC, Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Sanford CD, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Rostoll-Cangiano L, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 563 Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on ruminal fermentation of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Garcia-Ascolani ME, Lopez A, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 582 Effect of fermenten on nitrogen metabolism and ruminal fermentation profile of Angus crossbred steers. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Oosthuizen N, Fontes PLP, Henry DD, Sanford CD, Ciriaco FM, Canal LB, DiLorenzo N, Mercadante VRG, Lamb GC. 136 Administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin prior to fixed-time artificial insemination and the effects on pregnancy rates and conceptus development in beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rostoll-Cangiano L, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Schulmeister TM, Ipharraguerre IR, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 553 Effects of pentacyclic triterpenes on in vitro fermentation of bahiagrass hay and a high-grain substrate. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Benitez J, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Lamb GC, Dubeux JCB, DiLorenzo N. 572 Evaluation of Brassica carinata meal as a protein supplement for growing beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Sanford CD, Canal LB, Mercadante VRG, Johnson SE, Ealy AD, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. 329 Impact of fetal versus maternal contributions of Bos indicus and Bos taurus genetics on early embryonic development. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Silva GM, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Lamb GC, Dubeux JCB, DiLorenzo N. 539 Evaluation ofBrassica carinatameal on ruminal metabolism and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Sanford CD, Canal LB, Mercadante VRG, Johnson SE, Ealy AD, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. 473 Differences in embryo survival between Bos indicus and Bos taurus females receiving energy restricted diets during early gestation. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Schulmeister TM, Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Sanford CD, Canal LB, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 537 Intake and ruminal fermentation parameters of beef steers consuming bahiagrass hay treated with calcium oxide. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mercadante VRG, Fontes PLP, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Moriel P, Ealy AD, Johnson SE, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin administration at breeding on cow, conceptus, and subsequent offspring performance of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2128-38. [PMID: 27285709 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of administration of recombinant bovine ST (bST) on plasma hormone concentrations of cows, conceptus development, and postnatal calf performance were examined. Lactating beef cows ( = 190) were exposed to a fixed-time AI (TAI) protocol from d -10 to 0 (TAI on d 0). Cows were blocked by breed and stratified by days postpartum and then randomly assigned to receive, subcutaneously 1) 2 injections of saline (1 mL of 0.9% saline), 1 on d 0 at TAI and a second injection on d 14 (CTRL; = 53); 2) an injection of 325 mg of bST on d 0 and a saline injection on d 14 (bST0; = 48); 3) a saline injection on d 0 and an injection of 325 mg of bST on d 14 (bST14; = 49); or 4) 2 injections of 325 mg of bST, 1 on d 0 and a second injection on d 14 (bST0+14; = 40). Pregnancy status, crown-to-rump length (CRL) on Day 35, and crown-to-nose length (CNL) on Day 65 were determined via transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 65, relative to TAI, to determine plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4), IGF-1, and pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) and also on d 18 and 21 for isolation of peripheral blood leukocytes for RNA extraction and measurement of interferon-stimulated genes transcript abundance. Individual calf BW was determined at birth and every 30 d until weaning. A subset of 24 calves was randomly selected for liver biopsies at birth to determine mRNA expression of target genes. Administration of bST to cows increased ( < 0.0001) concentrations of plasma IGF-1 for 14 d after injection compared with CTRL but did not affect fetal CRL and CNL ( = 0.23). Cows receiving bST only on d 0 had a greater ( = 0.05) transcript abundance in myxovirus resistance 2 on d 21 compared with 2bST cows (2.0- and 0.8-fold for bST0 and 2bST, respectively), whereas cows receiving bST14 and CTRL were intermediate (1.2- and 0.9-fold, respectively). Calf BW did not differ ( ≥ 0.100) among treatments on d 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 relative to birth. Injection of bST only on d 0 tended ( = 0.062) to increase calf liver mRNA expression of at birth compared with the calves born to cows in other treatments. Therefore, during a TAI protocol, the administration of 1 or 2 injections of 325 mg of bST to lactating beef cows enhanced their plasma concentrations of IGF-1 but failed to improve fetal size and plasma concentrations of maternal PSPB and P4 and had no effect on postnatal calf growth performance.
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Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Mercadante VRG, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. Effects of molasses and crude glycerol combined in a liquid supplement on ruminal fermentation in beef steers consuming bermudagrass hay. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3851-3863. [PMID: 27898898 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of 1) increasing supplementation doses of a 50:50 (as-fed) liquid supplement of molasses and crude glycerol (M:G) on ruminal fermentation parameters and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in beef steers consuming Tifton 85 bermudagrass ( spp.) hay and 2) different proportions of molasses and crude glycerol in a liquid supplement on in vitro fermentation and gas production kinetics. For Exp. 1, 8 ruminally cannulated, Angus-crossbred steers were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, had ad libitum access to Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay, and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) CTRL, no supplementation; 2) SUP1, 0.45 kg/d (as fed) of 50:50 M:G; 3) SUP3, 1.36 kg/d (as fed) of 50:50 M:G; and 4) SUP5, 2.27 kg/d (as fed) of a 50:50 M:G. For Exp. 2 in vitro batch cultures were conducted to test the same treatments from Exp. 1 and effects of different proportions of a M:G mixture (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) when added to a hay substrate simulating the proportions of hay and liquid supplement used in SUP5. In Exp. 1, increasing doses of liquid supplement linearly decreased ( < 0.001) concentrations of NH-N, BUN, and acetate molar proportions, whereas propionate ( = 0.002) and butyrate ( < 0.001) molar proportions increased linearly. Treatment × time interactions were observed for ruminal pH ( < 0.001), where the greatest decrease was observed at 3 h postfeeding for animals consuming SUP5 (from 6.82 at 0 h to 6.32 at 3 h). In Exp. 2, decreases in acetate molar proportions ( < 0.001) and increases ( < 0.001) in propionate and butyrate molar proportions were also observed for either increasing doses of a 50:50 mixture or increasing proportions of glycerol in the mixture. Total VFA and in vitro organic matter digestibility were increased linearly ( < 0.001) as doses of a 50:50 mixture increased. Increasing doses of 50:50 M:G to growing beef heifers consuming bermudagrass hay caused a shift in VFA profile toward increases in propionate and decreases in acetate molar proportions. This was also confirmed in vitro, as the proportions of crude glycerol increased in a molasses:crude glycerol mix. Thus, molasses and crude glycerol combined seem to be useful to enhance performance in growing cattle consuming forage-based diets.
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Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Araujo RC, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Sanford CD, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 1370 Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on in vitro fermentation of bahiagrass hay with supplemental molasses. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Beierbach R, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Oosthuizen N, Fontes PLP, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 1451 Ruminal in situ degradability and in vitro organic matter digestibility of peanut hulls under different incubation times with calcium oxide. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Benitez J, Dubeux JCB, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 1426 Effects of feeding green chopped winter forages on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Araujo RC, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Sanford CD, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 1530 Effects of calcium–ammonium nitrate on in vitro fermentation of bahiagrass hay with supplemental molasses. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Garcia-Ascolani ME, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Fontes PLP, Lamb GC, Long NM, DiLorenzo N. 1327 Effect of frequency of supplementation with Megalac-R on non-esterified fatty acids and blood urea nitrogen concentration in lactating beef cows. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Garcia-Ascolani ME, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Silva GM, Fontes PLP, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 1367 Effect of different inclusion rates of Fermenten on performance, carcass characteristics, and total tract digestibility of growing Angus crossbred steers. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Moreno M, Benitez J, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Dubeux JCB, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 1583 Evaluation of Brassica carinata meal as a protein supplement for growing beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Mercadante VRG, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. 1208 Effects of pre- and postpartum supplementation of ruminally protected polyunsaturated fatty acids on reproductive performance of suckled beef cows. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Henry DD, Ruiz-Moreno M, Ciriaco FM, Kohmann M, Mercadante VRG, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. Effects of chitosan on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and in vitro fermentation in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3539-50. [PMID: 26440023 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan was evaluated as a feed additive to mitigate in vivo CH4 emissions in beef cattle. Twenty-four crossbred heifers (BW = 318 ± 35 kg) were used in a randomized block design replicated in 2 periods. The design included a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, which included diet (high concentrate [HC] or low concentrate [LC]) and 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0% of chitosan inclusion (DM basis). Diets were offered ad libitum and individual intake was recorded. An in vitro experiment to analyze chitosan’s effect on fermentation parameters and gas production kinetics was performed. A diet effect (P < 0.01) was observed for CH4 emissions expressed as grams/day, grams/kilogram of BW0.75, and grams/kilogram of DMI. Heifers consuming the LC diet produced 130 g of CH4/d vs. 45 g of CH4/d in those consuming the HC diet. Incubation fluid pH increased linearly (P < 0.05) when chitosan was included in HC substrates. In vitro CH4 production was not affected (P > 0.10) by chitosan in HC substrate; however, when incubated with the LC substrate, CH4 production increased quadratically (P < 0.01) as chitosan inclusion increased. A digestibility marker × diet interaction occurred (P < 0.05) for DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility. Diet × chitosan interactions (P < 0.05) occurred for DM, OM, NDF, and ADF digestibility when Cr2O3 was used. When TiO2 was used, diet × chitosan interactions (P < 0.05) were observed for NDF and ADF. However, using indigestible NDF as an internal marker, DM and OM digestibility were improved (P < 0.05) by 21 and 19%, respectively, when chitosan was included in LC diets. In conclusion, feeding up to 1% of chitosan (DM basis) to heifers consuming a LC diet increased apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. Enteric CH4 emissions were not affected by chitosan feeding, regardless of type of diet, and heifers consuming a 36% concentrate diet produced 2.6 times more methane per day than those consuming an 85% concentrate diet.
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Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Demeterco D, Walker R, Scaglia G, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. 085 Impact of breed and forage conservation method on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility in beef calves during the backgrounding period. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/ssasas2015-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Mercadante VRG, de Moraes GV, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. 068 Utilization of resynchronization as a strategy to increase the percentage of replacement beef heifers conceiving to artificial insemination (AI) after an initial fixed-time AI (TAI). J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/ssasas2015-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mercadante VRG, Kozicki LE, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Dahlen CR, Crosswhite MR, Larson JE, Voelz BE, Patterson DJ, Perry GA, Funston RN, Steckler TL, Hill SL, Stevenson JS, Lamb GC. Effects of administration of prostaglandin F2α at initiation of the seven-day CO-Synch+controlled internal drug release ovulation synchronization protocol for suckled beef cows and replacement beef heifers1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5204-13. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mercadante VRG, Waters KM, Marquezini GHL, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Arthington JD, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Effects of anti-phospholipase A(2) antibody supplementation on dry matter intake feed efficiency, acute phase response, and blood differentials of steers fed forage- and grain-based diets. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:776-85. [PMID: 26020758 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether supplementation of anti-phospholipase A antibody (aPLA) would alter voluntary DMI, feed efficiency (FE), acute-phase protein concentration, and blood differentials (BD) due to a change in diet from a forage-based to a grain-based diet, individual daily DMI was measured on 80 cross-bred steers during a 141-d period. On d 0, steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to receive a growing forage diet containing 1) no additive (CON; = 20), 2) inclusion of 30 mg of monensin and 8.8 mg of tylosin per kg of diet DM (MT; = 20), 3) inclusion of an aPLA supplement at 0.4% of the diet DM (0.4% aPLA; = 20), and 4) inclusion of an aPLA supplement at 0.2% of the diet DM (0.2% aPLA; = 20). On d 60, steers were transitioned into a grain-based diet (90% concentrate) over a 21-d "step-up" period while continuing to receive their supplement treatments and were maintained on the high-grain diet until the end of the trial on d 141. On d 0, 60, 81, and 141, individual shrunk BW was recorded. Blood samples were collected on d 60, 63, 65, 67, 70, 72, 74, 77, 79, 81, and 84 for determination of concentration of plasma ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and BD. During the growing forage-diet period, steers from the 0.2% aPLA and 0.4% aPLA treatments had lower ( < 0.05) residual feed intake (RFI; -0.12 ± 0.13 and -0.22 ± 0.13 kg/d, respectively) than steers from the CON treatment (0.31 ± 0.13 kg/d). During the grain-based diet period, the 0.2% aPLA (-0.12 ± 0.10 kg/d), 0.4% aPLA (0.36 ± 0.10 kg/d), and MT (0.10 ± 0.10 kg/d) steers had greater ( = 0.04) RFI than CON steers (-0.37 ± 0.10 kg/d). During the transition phase, white blood cell counts were greater ( = 0.04) for the 0.2% aPLA treatment (13.61 × 10 ± 0.42 × 10 cells/μL) than the 0.4% aPLA and MT treatments (12.16 × 10 ± 0.42 × 10 and 12.37 × 10 ± 0.42 × 10 cells/μL, respectively) and concentrations of lymphocytes also were greater ( = 0.01) for the 0.2% aPLA treatment (7.66 × 10 ± 0.28 × 10 cells/μL) than the 0.4% aPLA and MT treatments (6.71 × 10 ± 0.28 × 10 and 6.70 × 10 ± 0.28 × 10 cells/μL, respectively). Concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin were reduced ( < 0.05) for CON compared to aPLA steers (22.2 ± 0.83 vs. 24.4 ± 0.83 mg/dL and 0.18 ± 0.05 vs. 0.26 ± 0.05 mg/mL, respectively). Supplementation of aPLA improved FE of steers fed a forage-based growing diet but not when feeding grain-based diets. The 0.4% aPLA and MT treatments had decreased white blood cell counts and concentration of lymphocytes during the transition period compared to the 0.2% aPLA treatment, and CON steers had reduced concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin during the diet transition phase.
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Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Mercadante VRG, Schulmeister T, Ruiz-Moreno M, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. Effects of different levels of supplementation of a 50:50 mixture of molasses:crude glycerol on performance, Bermuda grass hay intake, and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle12. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2428-38. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mercadante VRG, Waters KM, Marquezini GHL, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Arthington JD, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Inclusion of anti-phospholipase A2 antibody to backgrounding diets on performance, feed efficiency, in vitro fermentation, and the acute-phase response of growing beef calves. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:414-24. [PMID: 25568383 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Exp. 1, individual performance and daily DMI was measured on 70 crossbred weaned calves during a 70-d period using a GrowSafe system (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, AB, Canada) at the University of Florida North Florida Research and Education Center Feed Efficiency Facility (FEF). Calves were fed a low-concentrate (LC) growing diet, blocked by weight and sex, and then randomly assigned to pens to receive either no additional supplement (CON; n = 35) or receive a supplement of anti-phospholipase A2 antibody (aPLA2) at an inclusion rate of 0.6% of the diet DM (n = 35). After the 70-d feed efficiency (FE) trial (Phase 1), calves were loaded into a commercial livestock trailer and were driven for approximately 1,600 km during 24 h. Upon return to the FEF (Phase 2), calves were relocated to the same pens and groups and received the same diets and treatments for 28 d. Blood samples from each calf were collected on d 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 relative to initiation of transportation and were analyzed for determination of concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. In Phase 1, initial BW (242.0 ± 3.7 kg; P = 0.92), BW at d 70 (313.0 ± 4.1 kg; P = 0.79), and ADG (1.01 ± 0.02 kg; P = 0.95) were similar between treatments. However, daily DMI was greater (P = 0.01) for CON (9.18 ± 0.15 kg) than aPLA2 (8.53 ± 0.15 kg). In addition, residual feed intake was greater (P = 0.002) for CON (0.389 ± 0.110 kg/d) than aPLA2 calves (-0.272 ± 0.110 kg/d). In Phase 2, after transportation, there were no differences between treatments on BW loss due to transportation shrink (26.0 ± 0.6 kg; P = 0.86), BW at d 28 (339.0 ± 4.1 kg; P = 0.72), ADG (1.28 ± 0.03 kg/d; P = 0.72), G:F (0.164 ± 0.004; P = 0.83), and concentrations of plasma haptoglobin (0.08 ± 0.02 mg/mL; P = 0.41). However, concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin were greater (P < 0.001) for CON calves (14.3 ± 0.3 mg/dL) compared to aPLA2 calves (13.0 ± 0.3 mg/dL). In Exp. 2, the effects of aPLA2 inclusion on LC and high-concentrate (HC) substrates on in vitro fermentation parameters were assessed. Addition of aPLA2 had no effects on in vitro fermentation parameters of LC and HC substrates. In conclusion, supplementation of aPLA2 improved FE of growing beef calves when fed LC diets in Phase 1 and addition of aPLA2 had no effect on fermentation parameters of LC and HC substrates. In addition, calves supplemented with aPLA2 had reduced concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin after 24 h of transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R G Mercadante
- University of Florida, IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna 32446
| | - K M Waters
- University of Florida, IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna 32446
| | - G H L Marquezini
- University of Florida, IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna 32446
| | - D D Henry
- University of Florida, IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna 32446
| | - F M Ciriaco
- University of Florida, IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna 32446
| | - J D Arthington
- University of Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona 33865
| | - N DiLorenzo
- University of Florida, IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna 32446
| | - G C Lamb
- University of Florida, IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna 32446
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Abstract
Evidence suggests that when compared with non-smokers, cigarette smokers are exposed to an increased burden of free radicals from both the vapor phase and particulate phase of the cigarette smoke aerosol. In this study, primary emphasis was placed on the free radicals found in the particulate phase. Published reports hypothesize that the particulate phase free radicals of cigarette mainstream smoke (MS) condensate consist of a hydroquinone/semiquinone/quinone shuttle. However, our results do not suggest that there is a positive correlation between the smoke yield of hydroquinone and the presence of particulate phase free radicals. First, 10-fold reductions in MS hydroquinone yield were obtained when KNO3 was applied to the surface of tobacco of an American blended cigarette. Surprisingly, there was no significant corresponding change in the yield of particulate phase radicals. Second, in experiments testing MS from low and high hydroquinone-yielding tobaccos there was no consistent corresponding relationship between hydroquinone and particulate phase radical yields. In one series of blends there was at best an inverse relationship between hydroquinone and particulate phase radical yields. In contrast with the published literature, we conclude that the particular compound or compounds driving particulate phase free radical formation are currently unknown. An additional experiment reported here suggested that components of the water soluble extract of burley tobacco may be driving the formation of particulate phase free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Blakley
- Research and Development, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27102-1487, USA
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Munoz DG, Kobylinski L, Henry DD, George DH. Chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity in the human brain: distribution in bulbar medulla and cerebral cortex. Neuroscience 1990; 34:533-43. [PMID: 2352642 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A is a glycoprotein stored in secretory granules of a variety of neuroendocrine cells. Among other functions, chromogranin A is a calcium-binding protein, and a precursor of modulatory peptides. Although known to be expressed in mammalian CNS neurons, it was previously believed that antibodies directed against human chromogranin A did not label neurons. A method is reported for the immunohistochemical demonstration of chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity in adult human post-mortem brain, utilizing the previously characterized monoclonal antibody LK2H10. Chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity of human brain could be absorbed with heat-stable protein extract from adrenal medulla, but not from liver, and a similar preparation of human cerebral cortex eliminated the labeling of adrenal medulla by LK2H10. However, unlike adrenal medullary chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity, cerebral chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity was destroyed by embedding the tissue in paraffin or treating frozen sections with methanol during the endogenous peroxidase blocking step, suggesting differences in post-translational processing of these two forms of chromogranin A. In both cerebral regions studied, bulbar medulla and parietal cortex, chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity was widespread in neuronal perikarya, dendrites, and axonic terminals, but restricted to certain neuronal populations. Among other findings it is reported that the main olivary neurons are immunoreactive for chromogranin A; this implies a new co-localization of chromogranin A, with corticotropin-releasing factor. The cerebral neocortex showed a laminar pattern of staining of perikarya in layers III-VI, and of the neuropil in the supragranular layers. In conjunction with the evidence of neuromodulatory action in the periphery, these results raise the possibility of a major neurotransmitter role for chromogranin A in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Munoz
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Henry DD. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies. Parental perspective. Pediatrics 1989; 83:910. [PMID: 2717330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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