101
|
Xu L, Sima Y, Xiao C, Chen Y. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: a promising treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction. Hum Cell 2023; 36:937-949. [PMID: 36940057 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFDs), which include pelvic organ prolapse (POP), stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and anal incontinence (AI), are common degenerative diseases in women that have dramatic effects on quality of life. The pathology of PFDs is based on impaired pelvic connective tissue supportive strength due to an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, the loss of a variety of cell types, such as fibroblasts, muscle cells, peripheral nerve cells, and oxidative stress and inflammation in the pelvic environment. Fortunately, exosomes, which are one of the major secretions of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), are involved in intercellular communication and the modulation of molecular activities in recipient cells via their contents, which are bioactive proteins and genetic factors such as mRNAs and miRNAs. These components modify fibroblast activation and secretion, facilitate ECM modelling, and promote cell proliferation to enhance pelvic tissue regeneration. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and future directions of exosomes derived from MSCs that are of great value in the treatment of PFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leimei Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 ShenYang Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhen Sima
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 ShenYang Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhen Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 ShenYang Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 ShenYang Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030176. [PMID: 36976225 PMCID: PMC10056084 DOI: 10.3390/md21030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4-dione) is a ketocarotenoid synthesized by Haematococcus pluvialis/lacustris, Chromochloris zofingiensis, Chlorococcum, Bracteacoccus aggregatus, Coelastrella rubescence, Phaffia rhodozyma, some bacteria (Paracoccus carotinifaciens), yeasts, and lobsters, among others However, it is majorly synthesized by Haematococcus lacustris alone (about 4%). The richness of natural astaxanthin over synthetic astaxanthin has drawn the attention of industrialists to cultivate and extract it via two stage cultivation process. However, the cultivation in photobioreactors is expensive, and converting it in soluble form so that it can be easily assimilated by our digestive system requires downstream processing techniques which are not cost-effective. This has made the cost of astaxanthin expensive, prompting pharmaceutical and nutraceutical companies to switch over to synthetic astaxanthin. This review discusses the chemical character of astaxanthin, more inexpensive cultivating techniques, and its bioavailability. Additionally, the antioxidant character of this microalgal product against many diseases is discussed, which can make this natural compound an excellent drug to minimize inflammation and its consequences.
Collapse
|
103
|
Napolitano F, Postiglione L, Mormile I, Barrella V, de Paulis A, Montuori N, Rossi FW. Water from Nitrodi’s Spring Induces Dermal Fibroblast and Keratinocyte Activation, Thus Promoting Wound Repair in the Skin: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065357. [PMID: 36982430 PMCID: PMC10049109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Romans knew of Nitrodi’s spring on the island of Ischia more than 2000 years ago. Although the health benefits attributed to Nitrodi’s water are numerous, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. In this study, we aim to analyze the physicochemical properties and biological effects of Nitrodi’s water on human dermal fibroblasts to determine whether the water exerts in vitro effects that could be relevant to skin wound healing. The results obtained from the study indicate that Nitrodi’s water exerts strong promotional effects on dermal fibroblast viability and a significant stimulatory activity on cell migration. Nitrodi’s water induces alpha-SMA expression in dermal fibroblasts, thus promoting their transition to myofibroblast-protein ECM deposition. Furthermore, Nitrodi’s water reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play an important role in human skin aging and dermal damage. Unsurprisingly, Nitrodi’s water has significant stimulatory effects on the cell proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and inhibits the basal ROS production but enhances their response to the oxidative stress caused by external stimuli. Our results will contribute to the development of human clinical trials and further in vitro studies to identify inorganic and/or organic compounds responsible for pharmacological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Loredana Postiglione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (A.d.P.); (N.M.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3175
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Li Pomi F, Papa V, Borgia F, Vaccaro M, Allegra A, Cicero N, Gangemi S. Rosmarinus officinalis and Skin: Antioxidant Activity and Possible Therapeutical Role in Cutaneous Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030680. [PMID: 36978928 PMCID: PMC10045493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rosemary plant, Rosmarinus officinalis L., one of the main members of the Lamiaceae family, is currently one of the most promising herbal medicines due to its pharmaceutical properties. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant role of Rosmarinus officinalis and its bioactive compounds on the skin, with a focus on the newly emerging molecular mechanisms involved, providing extensive scientific evidence of its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing and anticancer activity in dermatological practice. The search was conducted on articles concerning in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and humans. The results obtained confirm the antioxidant role of R. officinalis. This assumption derives the possibility of using R. officinalis or its bioactive elements for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious skin pathologies. However, although the use of rosemary in the treatment of skin diseases represents a fascinating line of research, future perspectives still require large and controlled clinical trials in order to definitively elucidate the real impact of this plant and its components in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Wang B, Tian L, Tian L, Wang X, He Y, Ji R. Insights into Health Risks of Face Paint Application to Opera Performers: The Release of Heavy Metals and Stage-Light-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3703-3712. [PMID: 36820615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Face paints used by opera performers have been shown to contain high levels of heavy metals. However, whether frequent exposure, via dermal contact and inadvertent oral ingestion, results in occupational diseases is unknown, as is the potential exacerbation of toxicity by high-intensity irradiation from stage lights. In this study, we examined the release of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn from 40 face paints and the consequent health risks posed by different practical scenarios involving their use. The results showed that the in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the tested products was, on average, 7.0, 5.5, 19.9, and 7.9% through oral ingestion and 1.1, 2.2, 1.6, and 1.2% through dermal contact, respectively. Stage light irradiation significantly increased the IVBA associated with dermal contact, to the average of 4.8, 34.9, 5.7, and 1.9% for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The increase was mainly due to the light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl free radicals. The vitality and transcriptional response of 3D skin models as well as a quantitative risk assessment of skin sensitization indicated that dermal contact with face paints may induce predictable skin damage and potentially other skin diseases. Long-term exposure to face paints on stage may also pose a non-carcinogenic health risk. The demonstrated health risks to opera performers of face paint exposure should lead to strict regulations regarding the content of theatrical face paints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Huang L, You L, Aziz N, Yu SH, Lee JS, Choung ES, Luong VD, Jeon MJ, Hur M, Lee S, Lee BH, Kim HG, Cho JY. Antiphotoaging and Skin-Protective Activities of Ardisia silvestris Ethanol Extract in Human Keratinocytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1167. [PMID: 36904025 PMCID: PMC10007040 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ardisia silvestris is a traditional medicinal herb used in Vietnam and several other countries. However, the skin-protective properties of A. silvestris ethanol extract (As-EE) have not been evaluated. Human keratinocytes form the outermost barrier of the skin and are the main target of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV exposure causes skin photoaging via the production of reactive oxygen species. Protection from photoaging is thus a key component of dermatological and cosmetic products. In this research, we found that As-EE can prevent UV-induced skin aging and cell death as well as enhance the barrier effect of the skin. First, the radical-scavenging ability of As-EE was checked using DPPH, ABTS, TPC, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, and a 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to examine cytotoxicity. Reporter gene assays were used to determine the doses that affect skin-barrier-related genes. A luciferase assay was used to identify possible transcription factors. The anti-photoaging mechanism of As-EE was investigated by determining correlated signaling pathways using immunoblotting analyses. As-EE had no harmful effects on HaCaT cells, according to our findings, and As-EE revealed moderate radical-scavenging ability. With high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, rutin was found to be one of the major components. In addition, As-EE enhanced the expression levels of hyaluronic acid synthase-1 and occludin in HaCaT cells. Moreover, As-EE dose-dependently up-regulated the production of occludin and transglutaminase-1 after suppression caused by UVB blocking the activator protein-1 signaling pathway, in particular, the extracellular response kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Our findings suggest that As-EE may have anti-photoaging effects by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase, which is good news for the cosmetics and dermatology sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Aziz
- Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ma Chung University, Malang 65151, Indonesia
| | - Seung Hui Yu
- DanjoungBio, Co., Ltd., Wonju 26303, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sub Lee
- DanjoungBio, Co., Ltd., Wonju 26303, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Su Choung
- DanjoungBio, Co., Ltd., Wonju 26303, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Dung Luong
- Department of Biology, Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong, Dalat 66106, Vietnam
| | - Mi-Jeong Jeon
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsuk Hur
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Gehlich KH, Koch G, Köcher W, Meinke MC, Lange-Asschenfeldt B, Lademann J. Spectroscopic biofeedback on cutaneous carotenoids: A powerful tool for primary prevention in advanced age. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202200394. [PMID: 36869441 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants exhibit a powerful defense mechanism against aging and chronic disease. The human skin reflects the overall antioxidant status of the body. The cutaneous carotenoid concentration is a biomarker for individual nutritional intake of antioxidants, as it correlates with the overall antioxidant status. The cutaneous carotenoid concentrations of 44 adults were measured using a multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy. During the first phase of the study, measurements of carotenoid concentrations were performed without revealing the antioxidant status, followed by an intervention phase during which the volunteers were informed about their individual values by biofeedback. During the third phase, biofeedback was combined with an additional intake of fruit juices. Across time points, participants showed increasing levels of carotenoid status. Thus, biofeedback leads to an improvement of the carotenoid value of the skin. Providing a biofeedback measurement to monitor the individual antioxidative status may be an easy and cost-effective way of primary prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin H Gehlich
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lange-Asschenfeldt
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
- Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Galvez-Martin P, Soto-Fernandez C, Romero-Rueda J, Cabañas J, Torrent A, Castells G, Martinez-Puig D. A Novel Hyaluronic Acid Matrix Ingredient with Regenerative, Anti-Aging and Antioxidant Capacity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054774. [PMID: 36902203 PMCID: PMC10002543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and proteoglycans (such as dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS)) are the main components of the extracellular matrix of the skin, along with collagen and elastin. These components decrease with age, which implies a loss of skin moisture causing wrinkles, sagging and aging. Currently, the external and internal administration of effective ingredients that can reach the epidermis and dermis is the main alternative for combating skin aging. The objective of this work was to extract, characterise and evaluate the potential of an HA matrix ingredient to support anti-aging. The HA matrix was isolated and purified from rooster comb and characterised physicochemically and molecularly. In addition, its regenerative, anti-aging and antioxidant potential and intestinal absorption were evaluated. The results show that the HA matrix is composed of 67% HA, with an average molecular weight of 1.3 MDa; 12% sulphated glycosaminoglycans, including DS and CS; 17% protein, including collagen (10.4%); and water. The in vitro evaluation of the HA matrix's biological activity showed regenerative properties in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as well as moisturising, anti-aging and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, the results suggest that the HA matrix could be absorbed in the intestine, implying a potential oral as well as topical use for skin care, either as an ingredient in a nutraceutical or a cosmetic product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Galvez-Martin
- R&D Animal and Human Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., E-08029 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-904-908
| | | | - Jessica Romero-Rueda
- Health & Biomedicine Department, Leitat Technological Centre, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Cabañas
- R&D Animal and Human Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., E-08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Torrent
- R&D Animal and Human Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., E-08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Castells
- Pharmacy Analysis Service, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Lu Q, Zou LF, Gao YZ, Ye T, Li MJ, Zhang YK, Liang B, Sun W, Xing DM. Liquiritigenin reverses skin aging by inhibiting UV-induced mitochondrial uncoupling and excessive energy consumption. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1017-1030. [PMID: 36575875 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UV radiation can lead to lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and organelle damage, one of the core mechanisms mediating skin aging. In the photoaging process, how ROS drives the imbalance of the body's complex repair system to induce senescence-like features is not fully understood. METHODS We irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes with 12 J/cm2 of UVA to establish an in vitro photoaging model. Then we employed whole-transcriptome sequencing and O2K mitochondrial function assay to reveal the photoprotective mechanisms of liquiritigenin (LQ). DISCUSSION We found that skin reduces endogenous ROS by promoting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling in response to UVA-induced damage. However, this also causes excessive consumption and idling of nutrients, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation, and ultimately accelerating the skin aging process. Here, we demonstrated that LQ can reduce stress in keratinocytes, increase oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production efficiency, and block the massive loss of skin nutrients and net energy stress. Furthermore, LQ can promote collagen synthesis and keratinocyte proliferation through the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby reversing photoaging. CONCLUSION This work provides a new skin aging mechanism and solution strategy with high clinical translation value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin-Feng Zou
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Zhen Gao
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Li
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Kun Zhang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenshe Sun
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong-Ming Xing
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Gan C, Liu T, Jia X, Huang X, Qin X, Wang X, Sheng J, Xu H. ATP supplementation suppresses UVB-induced photoaging in HaCaT cells via upregulation of expression of SIRT3 and SOD2. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13303. [PMID: 36973992 PMCID: PMC10155794 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin photoaging is the damage caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. We investigated the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supplementation on UVB-induced photoaging in HaCaT cells and its potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The toxicity of ATP on HaCaT cells was examined by the MTT assay. The effects of ATP supplementation on the viability and apoptosis of HaCaT cells were determined by crystal-violet staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Cellular and mitochondrial ROS were stained using fluorescent dyes. Expression of Bax, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, sirtuin (SIRT)3, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 was measured via western blotting. RESULTS ATP (1, 2 mM) exerted no toxic effect on the normal growth of HaCaT cells. UVB irradiation caused the apoptosis of HaCaT cells, and ATP supplementation inhibited the apoptosis induced by UVB significantly, as verified by expression of Bax and Bcl-2. UVB exposure resulted in accumulation of cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), but ATP supplementation suppressed these increases. Expression of SIRT3 and SOD2 was decreased upon exposure to UVB irradiation but, under ATP supplementation, expression of SIRT3 and SOD2 was reversed, which was consistent with the reduction in ROS level observed in ATP-treated HaCaT cells after exposure to UVB irradiation. CONCLUSIONS ATP supplementation can suppress UVB irradiation-induced photoaging in HaCaT cells via upregulation of expression of SIRT3 and SOD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Gan
- Key Laboratory of Pu‐er Tea ScienceMinistry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Titi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pu‐er Tea ScienceMinistry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in YunnanYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xiaorong Jia
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xueqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu‐er Tea ScienceMinistry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xiangdong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Pu‐er Tea ScienceMinistry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu‐er Tea ScienceMinistry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in YunnanYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu‐er Tea ScienceMinistry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in YunnanYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu‐er Tea ScienceMinistry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Shin CY, Jang J, Lee HP, Park SH, Kry M, Keo O, Lee BH, Choi W, Lee S, Cho JY. Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Aging Effects of Ethanol Extract of the Officinal Breynia ( Breynia vitis-idaea) In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1088. [PMID: 36903948 PMCID: PMC10005016 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, and it is also the one most exposed to external environmental contaminants. The skin is the body's first defense against harmful environmental stimuli, including ultraviolet B (UVB) rays and hazardous chemicals. Therefore, proper care of the skin is required to prevent skin-related diseases and age-related symptoms. In this study, we analyzed anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects of Breynia vitis-idaea ethanol extract (Bv-EE) in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. The Bv-EE had free radical scavenging activity and decreased the mRNA expression of MMPs and COX-2 in H2O2- or UVB-treated HaCaT cells. The Bv-EE also inhibited AP-1 transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (p38), which are major AP-1 activators upon H2O2 or UVB exposure. Furthermore, the promoter activity and mRNA expression of collagen type I (Col1A1) increased in HDF cells treated with Bv-EE, and Bv-EE recovered the collagen mRNA expression decreased by H2O2 or UVB exposure. These results suggest that Bv-EE has anti-oxidative effects by inhibiting the AP-1 signaling pathway, and shows anti-aging effects by upregulating collagen synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Yun Shin
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Pyoung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Masphal Kry
- Forestry Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 120206, Cambodia
| | - Omaliss Keo
- Forestry Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 120206, Cambodia
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Sathya R, Valan Arasu M, Ilavenil S, Rejiniemon T, Vijayaraghavan P. Cosmeceutical potentials of litchi fruit and its by-products for a sustainable revalorization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
113
|
Molecular basis of skin photoaging and therapeutic interventions by plant-derived natural product ingredients: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13580. [PMID: 36895391 PMCID: PMC9988502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sunlight are more prone to photoaging than unexposed areas evidenced by several signs which include skin dryness, irregular pigmentation, lentigines, hyperpigmentation, wrinkling, and decreased elasticity. Plant-based natural product ingredients with therapeutic potential against skin photoaging are gaining more attention. This article aims the reviewing the research work done in exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in UV-induced skin photoaging, followed by summarizing the mechanistic insights involved in its therapeutics by natural product-based ingredients. In the mechanistic section of the convoluted procedure of photoaging, we described the effect of UV radiation (UVR) on different cellular macromolecules (direct damage) and subsequently, the deleterious consequences of UVR-generated reactive oxygen species (indirect damage) and signaling pathways activated or inhibited by UV induced ROS generation in various cellular pathologies of skin photoaging like inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune suppression. We also discussed the effect of UV radiation on the adipose tissue, and transient receptor potential cation channel V of photoaging skin. In the past few decades, mechanistic studies performed in this area have deciphered various therapeutic targets, opening avenues for different available therapeutic options against this pathological condition. So the remaining portion of the review deals with various natural product-based therapeutic agents available against skin photodamage.
Collapse
|
114
|
Xu J, Wu G, Yu X, Dong Z, Yan J, Wu L, Bao L, Liu Q. Exploring the mechanism of MP gel against skin photoaging based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1108-1123. [PMID: 36465034 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term and high exposure to UV radiation can lead to the development of skin photoaging diseases. Therefore, there is an ongoing need for more natural and safe drugs to prevent or treat skin photoaging diseases. METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database were used to collect the active compounds and corresponding targets of Cnidii Fructus, Arnebiae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, and Borneolum. The GeneCards database and the NCBI Gene database were used to collect the targets of skin photoaging diseases. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network formed by the intersecting targets of drugs and diseases. The Metascape database was applied for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of the targets. Molecular docking between active compounds and targets was verified by Autodock. After that, the skin photoaging model of mice was established and treated with MP gel. The skin characterization on the back of mice was observed, and the ameliorative effect of MP gel on skin photoaging was evaluated by histological and epidermal thickness assays. The MDA content and SOD activity were measured. Caspase-3 expression in mouse skin tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, and Western blot. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology experiments showed that the natural drugs have multi-component, multi-target therapeutic disease characteristics. The results of animal studies showed that MP gel improved the health of photoaged skin, promoted skin structural integrity, had antioxidant properties and significantly inhibited caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSION The experimental validation of the results of the preliminary network pharmacology analysis was carried out in animal experiments, which confirmed part of the mechanism of action of MP gel in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guodong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xianglin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiheng Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jibiao Yan
- Inner Mongolia Puze Biological Products Co., Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Mongolia Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lidao Bao
- Hohhot Mongolian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Quanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.,Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
A Subjective and Objective Assessment of Combined Methods of Applying Chemical Peels and Microneedling in Antiaging Treatments. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051869. [PMID: 36902657 PMCID: PMC10003688 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined methods of applying chemical peels and antioxidants could be an option for skin rejuvenation with no down-time. The penetration of active substances can be enhanced by microneedle mesotherapy. The study was conducted on a group of 20 female volunteers, aged 40-65 years. All volunteers received a series of eight treatments performed every seven days. The whole face was first treated with azelaic acid; following this, the right side received a 40% solution of vitamin C and the left side 10% vitamin C with microneedling. Hydration and skin elasticity were markedly improved, with better results observed on the microneedling side. Melanin and erythema index decreased. No significant side effects were seen. The combination of active ingredients and delivery techniques have great potential to enhance the effectiveness of cosmetic preparations, probably by multidirectional ways of action. In our study, we demonstrated that both 20% azelaic acid + 40% vitamin C treatment and 20% azelaic acid + 10% vitamin C + microneedle mesotherapy efficiently improved the assessed parameters of aging skin. However, the use of microneedling mesotherapy as a means of direct delivery of active compound to the dermis enhanced the effectiveness of the studied preparation.
Collapse
|
116
|
Oh S, Zheng S, Fang M, Kim M, Bellere AD, Jeong J, Yi TH. Anti-Photoaging Effect of Phaseolus angularis L. Extract on UVB-Exposed HaCaT Keratinocytes and Possibilities as Cosmetic Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031407. [PMID: 36771069 PMCID: PMC9919029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaseolus angularis L. is widely cultivated and is considered a superfood because of its nutritious protein and starch contents. Nevertheless, P. angularis's effects on skin photoaging are unknown. The aim of this study was to research the effects of P. angularis seed extract (PASE) on photoaging in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) damaged by UVB radiation so as to find out whether PASE can be used as an effective anti-photoaging ingredient in cosmetic products. The antioxidant activities were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was used to determine the change in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-3. The protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein (AP)-1, transforming growth factor beta (TGF)-β/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad), and NF-E2-related factor (Nrf)2/antioxidant response element (ARE) were measured by western blot. As a result, PASE increased DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PASE treatment (100 µg/mL) significantly reverted the damage induced by UVB (125 mJ/cm2) irradiation by downregulating ROS, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-3 secretion and expression and increasing procollagen type I production. To suppress MMP-1 and MMP-3 secretion, PASE significantly decreased UVB-induced p38 and JNK phosphorylation and phosphorylated c-Fos and c-Jun nuclear translocation. PASE promoted collagen I production by inhibiting UVB-induced TGF-β activation and Smad7 overexpression; antioxidant properties also arose from the stimulation of the Nrf2-dependent expression of the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1. Our data demonstrated that PASE has the potential to prevent ROS formation induced by UVB exposure by targeting specific pathways. Thus, PASE might be a potent anti-photoaging component to exploit in developing anti-aging products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Oh
- Snowwhitefactory Co., Ltd., 807 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06032, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengdao Zheng
- Snowwhitefactory Co., Ltd., 807 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06032, Republic of Korea
| | - Minzhe Fang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Arce Defeo Bellere
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehaeng Jeong
- Snowwhitefactory Co., Ltd., 807 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06032, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-3693
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs (II): Protective Function on UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells through Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020105. [PMID: 36827146 PMCID: PMC9962892 DOI: 10.3390/md21020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective function and mechanism of TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) from skipjack tuna cardiac arterial bulbs on skin photoaging using UVB-irradiated HaCaT cell model. The present results indicated that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) had significant cytoprotective effect on UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (p < 0.001). Hoechst 33342 staining showed that apoptosis of UV-irradiated HaCaT cells could be significantly reduced by the treatment of TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM); JC-1 staining showed that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could protect HaCaT cells from apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); Furthermore, TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could significantly down-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and reduce the expression level of the apoptosis-executing protein Caspase-3 by decreasing the expression of protein Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 (p < 0.05). The action mechanism indicated that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could up-regulate the expression levels of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 (p < 0.05), which further increased the activity of downstream proteases (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px), and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the intracellular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, molecular docking indicated that TCP3 (PKK) and TCP6 (YEGGD) could competitively inhibit the Nrf2 binding site because they can occupy the connection site of Nrf2 by binding to the Kelch domain of Keap1 protein. TCP9 (GPGLM) was inferred to be non-competitive inhibition because it could not bind to the active site of the Kelch domain of Keap1 protein. In summary, the antioxidant peptides TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) from cardiac arterial bulbs of skipjack tuna can effectively protect HaCaT cells from UVB-irradiated damage and can be used in the development of healthy and cosmetic products to treat diseases caused by UV radiation.
Collapse
|
118
|
Blue light-induced lipid oxidation and the antioxidant property of hypotaurine: evaluation via measuring ultraweak photon emission. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:345-356. [PMID: 36271182 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of blue light on human body have attracted attention. The human skin in contact with the outside environment is often exposed to blue light, and the effects of this exposure remain to be fully determined. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of blue light, at the intensity typically found in sunlight, on lipids in the skin from an oxidation perspective. Peroxide value (POV) and ultraweak photon emission (UPE) measurements were conducted to evaluate lipid oxidation. Our results confirmed that blue light irradiation induced lipid oxidation, similar to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Also, the effects of various reagents on the blue light-induced UPE were evaluated; however, the results differed from those of the DPPH radical-scavenging ability. We speculated that this is due to the difference in the evaluation principle; nevertheless, among reagents, hypotaurine not only showed a high antioxidant effect but was also more effective against blue light-induced oxidation than UVA. Based on the difference in the antioxidant effect of the lipid sample in this study, the oxidation reaction induced by blue light may be different from the UVA-induced reaction. Our study provides new insights into the effects of blue light on lipids in the human skin, thereby promoting research regarding photooxidation.
Collapse
|
119
|
Talachi N, Afzal E, Nouri M, Abroun S, Zarrabi M, Jahandar H. Protective effect of human amniotic membrane extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:73-82. [PMID: 36129819 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the main approaches to preventing skin ageing is to protect fibroblast cells from oxidative stress. The promoting effect of the human amniotic membrane extract (hAME) on re-epithelization, proliferation and migration of cells in wound healing has been already well studied. This experimental study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of hAME against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced dermal fibroblast damage. METHODS Here, to establish the ageing model, human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) were exposed to 200 μM H2 O2 for 2 h. HFFs were treated with 0.1 mg/ml AME for 24 or 48 h before or/and after H2 O2 exposure. A total of 48 h following the H2 O2 treatment, we measured cell proliferation, viability, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), antioxidants and preinflammatory cytokine (IL-6) levels, as well as the expression of senescence-associated genes (P53 and P21). RESULTS The obtained results indicated that under oxidative stress, AME significantly increased cellular viability and not only promoted the cell proliferation rate but also attenuated apoptotic induction condition (p < 0.001). AME also significantly reversed the SA-β-Gal levels induced by H2 O2 (p < 0.001). Additionally, both pre- and post-treatment regimen by AME down-regulated the expression of senescence marker genes (p < 0.001). Moreover, AME declined different oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase and catalase and increased the glutathione amount. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results indicated that AME had a remarkable antioxidant and antiageing activity as pre- and post-treatment regimen, pointing to this compound as a potential natural-based cosmeceutical agent to prevent and treat skin ageing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Talachi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Research and Development, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Afzal
- Department of Research and Development, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nouri
- Department of Research and Development, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Research and Development, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Jahandar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Kim Y, Lee SH, Song Y, Jeong S, Kim HJ. Induction of autophagy improves skin and hair conditions in dogs with underlying diseases. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1078259. [PMID: 36777662 PMCID: PMC9909349 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1078259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy was reported to play a crucial role in maintaining general and skin health. Methods The study used a synthesized autophagy inducer (AI) (Aquatide™ cospharm Inc.; Daejeon, Korea), for evaluating the effects of autophagy on skin and hair in dogs. Twenty-two dogs with poor skin and hair which were diagnosed with canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) or pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) were included. Clinical scores using Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index-04 (CADESI-04), Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) and skin barrier function using measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were evaluated and canine keratinocytes were also used in vitro investigation of pro-inflammatory cytokines after AI treatment. Results In the AI group, clinical scores and skin barrier function were improved at week 8 significantly compared to in the other groups. In particular, the AI significantly improved the hair surface damage at 8 weeks compared to the baseline. In vitro, the AI reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). Conclusion AI improve skin barrier function and hair damage and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekyoo Jeong
- Research Team, Incospharm Corp., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Ha-Jung Kim ✉
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Bouzroud S, El Maaiden E, Sobeh M, Merghoub N, Boukcim H, Kouisni L, El Kharrassi Y. Biotechnological Approaches to Producing Natural Antioxidants: Anti-Ageing and Skin Longevity Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021397. [PMID: 36674916 PMCID: PMC9867058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the main source of bioactive compounds that can be used for the formulation of cosmetic products. Plant extracts have numerous proven health benefits, among which are anti-ageing and skin-care properties. However, with the increased demand for plant-derived cosmetic products, there is a crucial prerequisite for establishing alternative approaches to conventional methods to ensure sufficient biomass for sustainable production. Plant tissue culture techniques, such as in vitro root cultures, micropropagation, or callogenesis, offer the possibility to produce considerable amounts of bioactive compounds independent of external factors that may influence their production. This production can also be significantly increased with the implementation of other biotechnological approaches such as elicitation, metabolic engineering, precursor and/or nutrient feeding, immobilization, and permeabilization. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of biotechnological tools for producing bioactive compounds, with a focus on bioactive compounds with anti-ageing properties, which can be used for the development of green-label cosmeceutical products. In addition, some examples demonstrating the use of plant tissue culture techniques to produce high-value bioactive ingredients for cosmeceutical applications are also addressed, showing the importance of these tools and approaches for the sustainable production of plant-derived cosmetic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bouzroud
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Nawal Merghoub
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
- Green Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MAScIR), Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Hassan Boukcim
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Qian H, Shan Y, Gong R, Lin D, Zhang M, Wang C, Wang L. Mechanism of action and therapeutic effects of oxidative stress and stem cell-based materials in skin aging: Current evidence and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1082403. [PMID: 36698629 PMCID: PMC9868183 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1082403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with multiple degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease. As the most intuitive manifestation of aging, skin aging has received the most significant attention. Skin aging results from various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Aged skin is characterized by wrinkles, laxity, elastosis, telangiectasia, and aberrant pigmentation. The underlying mechanism is complex and may involve cellular senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic mutations, among other factors. Among them, OS plays an important role in skin aging, and multiple antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, glutathione, and melatonin) are considered to promote skin rejuvenation. In addition, stem cells that exhibit self-replication, multi-directional differentiation, and a strong paracrine function can exert anti-aging effects by inhibiting OS. With the further development of stem cell technology, treatments related to OS mitigation and involving stem cell use may have a promising future in anti-skin aging therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Huan Qian, ; Lu Wang,
| | - Yihan Shan
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Starbody plastic surgery Clinic, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Huan Qian, ; Lu Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Du J, Deng T, Cao B, Wang Z, Yang M, Han J. The application and trend of ultra-weak photon emission in biology and medicine. Front Chem 2023; 11:1140128. [PMID: 36874066 PMCID: PMC9981976 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1140128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-weak bioluminescence, also known as ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), is one of the functional characteristics of biological organisms, characterized by specialized, low-energy level luminescence. Researchers have extensively studied UPE for decades, and the mechanisms by which UPE is generated and its properties have been extensively investigated. However, there has been a gradual shift in research focus on UPE in recent years toward exploring its application value. To better understand the application and trend of UPE in biology and medicine, we have conducted a review of relevant articles in recent years. Among the several topics covered in this review is UPE research in biology and medicine (including traditional Chinese medicine), primarily focused on UPE as a promising non-invasive tool for diagnosis and oxidative metabolism monitoring as well as a potential tool for traditional Chinese medicine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baorui Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Geng R, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. α-Ionone protects against UVB-induced photoaging in epidermal keratinocytes. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:132-138. [PMID: 36875429 PMCID: PMC9975636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate whether α-ionone, an aromatic compound mainly found in raspberries, carrots, roasted almonds, fruits, and herbs, inhibits UVB-mediated photoaging and barrier dysfunction in a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Methods The anti-photoaging effect of α-ionone was evaluated by detecting the expression of barrier-related genes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in HaCaT cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species, oxidation product, antioxidant enzyme, and inflammatory factors were further analysed to underline the protective effect of α-ionone on epidermal photoaging. Results It was found that α-ionone attenuated UVB-induced barrier dysfunction by reversing keratin 1 and filaggrin in HaCaT cells. α-Ionone also reduced the protein amount of MMP-1 and mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, implying protective effects on extracellular matrix. Furthermore, HaCaT cells exposed to α-ionone showed significant decreases in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α as compared to UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. α-Ionone treatment significantly inhibited the UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species increase and malondialdehyde accumulation. Therefore, the beneficial effects of α-ionone on inhibiting MMPs secretion and barrier damage may be related to attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion Our results highlight the protective effects of α-ionone on epidermal photoaging and promote its clinic application as a potential natural anti-photodamage agent in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Li X, Qin S, Shi S, Feng Y, Li H, Feng Y, Li M, Wen J. Prospective study of efficacy and safety of non-ablative 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser in Asian skin photoaging. Front Surg 2023; 10:1076848. [PMID: 36950052 PMCID: PMC10025463 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1076848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Photoaging manifests as deeper wrinkles and larger pores. It has been tried to rejuvenate photoaging skin using a variety of lasers, including fractionated lasers, which are a popular photorejuvenation treatment. A new breakthrough for skin rejuvenation is the 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser (FTL), a laser and light-based treatment option. Clinical data regarding the FTL for treating photoaging are limited despite its effectiveness and safety. This study is aim to evaluate FTL' clinical effectiveness and safety. Methods Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV subjects with mild to moderate photoaging signs were enrolled in this prospective study. At intervals of one month, patients received three full face treatments. Wrinkles, spots, texture, pores, melanin index, erythema index (MI and EI), skin elasticity and hydration were measured with non-invasive tool. The epidermal thickness and dermal density on ultrasonography were compared between baseline and one month after all treatment sessions. The Global Score for Photoaging scale (GSP) was rated by two independent evaluators at the baseline and final follow-up visit. Secondary outcomes included patient-rated pain on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), as well as overall satisfaction. Following each treatment, adverse events were noted. Results Totally 27 subjects (24 females and 3 males) with Fitzpatrick skin types II to IV and a mean age of 44.41 (range33-64) were enrolled. Results suggests that the epidermal thickness has significantly improved after treatment. Statistically significant improvements in melanin index, skin elasticity and wrinkles were noted. An analysis of 12 subjects' reports (44%) suggested their skin felt brighter. No post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation changes or adverse events were observed. 70% patients reporting "satisfied" or "extremely satisfied". Conclusions In this study, FTL was found to be a safe and effective treatment option for treating photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Qin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siman Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mujin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Wen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Ju Wen
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Liu Y, Qu L, Wan S, Li Y, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rk1 Prevents UVB Irradiation-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Collagen Degradation via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15804-15817. [PMID: 36472249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, especially UVB, can trigger destructive intracellular effects, including various types of DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, leading to accelerated skin aging. Ginsenoside Rk1, a rare ginsenoside pertaining to panaxadiol saponins, has been certified to possess underlying anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the efficiency of Rk1 against the photoaging of human skin and the latent molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here, UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes were used as an in vitro model, and UVB-irradiated BALB/c nude mouse dorsal skin was established as an in vivo model to explore the mechanism by which Rk1 protects skin. Consequently, we found that Rk1 administration significantly attenuated oxidative stress by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and strengthening the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The UVB-induced inflammatory response was alleviated by Rk1 application via regulation of the secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, western blot assays illustrated that Rk1 intervention inhibited collagen degradation by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Further studies revealed that Rk1 could suppress the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking results indicated that Rk1 might effectively bind to the active pockets of PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB. The PI3K activator 740 Y-P clearly reversed the effects of Rk1 on oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and collagen degradation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Moreover, histological and Masson staining verified that the administration of Rk1 to BALB/c nude mice remarkably ameliorated UVB-induced skin roughness, epidermal thickening, collagen fiber arrangement disorder, and wrinkles. Overall, the evidence provided in this study suggested that Rk1 could be applied for the development of effective natural antiphotoaging agents for skin health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi R & D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi R & D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shichao Wan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi R & D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi R & D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Skin Health Promoting Effects of Natural Polysaccharides and Their Potential Application in the Cosmetic Industry. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skincare is one of the most profitable product categories today. Consumers’ demand for skin-friendly products has stimulated the development of natural-ingredient-based cosmeceutical preparations over synthetic chemicals. Thus, natural polysaccharides have gained much attention since the promising potent efficacy in wound healing, moisturizing, antiaging, and whitening. The challenge is to raise awareness of polysaccharides with excellent bioactivities from natural sources and consequently incorporate them in novel and safer cosmetics. This review highlights the benefits of natural polysaccharides from plants, algae, and fungi on skin health, and points out some obstacles in the application of natural polysaccharides.
Collapse
|
128
|
Lee H, Kim SY, Lee SW, Kwak S, Li H, Piao R, Park HY, Choi S, Jeong TS. Amentoflavone-Enriched Selaginella rossii Protects against Ultraviolet- and Oxidative Stress-Induced Aging in Skin Cells. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122106. [PMID: 36556471 PMCID: PMC9787533 DOI: 10.3390/life12122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selaginellaceae plants are used in cosmetics to limit skin aging. This study is the first to investigate the anti-aging effects of Selaginella rossii (SR) on ultraviolet B (UVB)- and oxidative stress-induced skin cells. The 95% ethanol extract of Selaginella rossii (SR95E) contained much higher amounts of amentoflavone (AMF), an active compound, than other Selaginellaceae plants and was more effective in inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression in CCD-986sk fibroblasts. SR95E significantly decreased UVB-induced MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression and enhanced procollagen type I C-peptide content and mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha (COL1A)1 and COL1A2 in CCD-986sk fibroblasts. In HaCaT keratinocytes, SR95E treatment also dose-dependently decreased UVB-induced MMP-1 concentration and MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNA expression. Moreover, SR95E treatment markedly inhibited UVB-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, SR95E and AMF markedly regulated the 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced expression of cellular senescence-related markers, including p16, p21 and LMNB1, in HaCaT cells. Overall, this study indicates that SR may have potential as a functional material on preventing UVB- and AAPH-induced skin aging and wrinkles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehan Kwak
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hulin Li
- Department of Agronomy, Yanbian University Agriculture College, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Renzhe Piao
- Department of Agronomy, Yanbian University Agriculture College, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (T.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-879-8340 (S.C.); +82-42-860-4558 (T.-S.J.); Fax: +82-42-861-8349 (S.C.); +82-42-861-2675 (T.-S.J.)
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (T.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-879-8340 (S.C.); +82-42-860-4558 (T.-S.J.); Fax: +82-42-861-8349 (S.C.); +82-42-861-2675 (T.-S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Dhasmana A, Malik S, Sharma AK, Ranjan A, Chauhan A, Harakeh S, Al-Raddadi RM, Almashjary MN, Bawazir WMS, Haque S. Fabrication and evaluation of herbal beads to slow cell ageing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1025405. [PMID: 36568310 PMCID: PMC9773394 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1025405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several therapies and cosmetics are available commercially to prevent or delay cell ageing, which manifests as premature cell death and skin dullness. Use of herbal products such as Aloe vera, curcumin, vitamin C-enriched natural antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory biomolecules are potential ways to prevent or delay ageing. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is also a rich source of collagen; glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also play an essential role in healing and preventing ageing. It is important to use an extended therapeutic process to prolong the effectiveness of these products, despite the fact that they all have significant anti-ageing properties and the ability to regenerate healthy cells. Encapsulated herbal components are therefore designed to overcome the challenge of ensuring continued treatment over time to prolong the effects of a bioactive component after in situ administration. To study their synergistic effects on a cellular level, alginate, Aloe vera, and orange peel extract were encapsulated in bio-polymeric foaming beads and modified with eggshell membrane protein (ESMP) at various concentrations (1 gm, 2 gm, and 5 gm): (A-Av-OP, A-Av-OP-ESMP1, ESMP2, and ESMP3). Analysis of the structural and functional properties of foaming beads showed interconnected 3D porous structure, a surface-functionalized group for entrapment of ESMP, and a significant reduction in pore size (51-35 m) and porosity (80%-60%). By performing DPPH assays, HRBC stabilization assays, and antibacterial tests, the beads were assessed as a natural anti-ageing product with sustained release of molecules effective against inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and microbial contamination. MTT assays were conducted using in vitro cell cultures to demonstrate cytocompatibility (in mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells) and cytotoxicity (in human carcinoma HeLa cells). Our study demonstrates that bio-polymeric ESMP beads up to 2 g (A-Av-OP-ESMP2) are practical and feasible natural remedies for suspending defective cell pathways, preventing cell ageing, and promoting healthy cell growth, resulting in a viable and practical natural remedy or therapeutic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archna Dhasmana
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr KNMIPER, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Mohammed S. Bawazir
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Apple Derived Exosomes Improve Collagen Type I Production and Decrease MMPs during Aging of the Skin through Downregulation of the NF-κB Pathway as Mode of Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243950. [PMID: 36552714 PMCID: PMC9776931 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin ageing is strictly related to chronic inflammation of the derma and the decay of structural proteins of the extracellular matrix. Indeed, it has become common practice to refer to this phenomenon as inflammageing. Biotech innovation is always in search of new active principles that induce a youthful appearance. In this paper, apple-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs) were investigated as novel anti-inflammatory compounds, which are able to alter the extracellular matrix production of dermal fibroblasts. Total RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ADNVs negatively influence the activity of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), and, thus, downregulate the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway. ADNVs also reduce extracellular matrix degradation by increasing collagen synthesis (COL3A1, COL1A2, COL8A1 and COL6A1) and downregulating metalloproteinase production (MMP1, MMP8 and MMP9). Topical applications for skin regeneration were evaluated by the association of ADNVs with hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogel and patches.
Collapse
|
131
|
Geniposidic Acid from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Staminate Flower Tea Mitigates Cellular Oxidative Stress via Activating AKT/NRF2 Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238568. [PMID: 36500666 PMCID: PMC9739628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver staminate flower (ESF) tea enjoys a good reputation in folk medicine and displays multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidant and antifatigue properties. However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ESF tea can mitigate cellular oxidative stress. Crude ethyl alcohol extract and its three subfractions prepared by sequential extraction with chloroform, n-butyl alcohol and residual water were prepared from ESF tea. The results of antioxidant activity tests in vitro manifested n-butyl alcohol fraction (n-BUF) showed the strongest antioxidant capacity (DPPH: IC50 = 24.45 ± 0.74 μg/mL, ABTS: IC50 = 17.25 ± 0.04 μg/mL). Moreover, all subfractions of ESF tea, especially the n-BUF, exhibited an obvious capacity to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulate the NRF2 antioxidative response in human keratinocytes HaCaT treated by H2O2. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, we identified geniposidic acid (GPA) as the most abundant component in ESF tea extract. Furthermore, it was found that GPA relieved oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HaCaT cells by activating the Akt/Nrf2/OGG1 pathway. Our findings indicated that ESF tea may be a source of natural antioxidants to protect against skin cell oxidative damage and deserves further development and utilization.
Collapse
|
132
|
Guo F, Song J, Wang L, Yu X. Upper Eyelid Skin Laxity in Elderly Patients: Correction Surgery With Eyelid Marginal Incision. Ann Plast Surg 2022; 89:610-614. [PMID: 36302259 PMCID: PMC9704807 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laxity of the upper eyelid skin in the elderly usually leads to an aged appearance and visual field defect, which affects their quality of life. However, there are very few reports on the evaluation and treatment strategy for upper eyelid skin redundancy in elderly Asians. Hence, this article describes an upper eyelid skin laxity correction surgery using an innovative parallel palpebral margin incision to improve ptosis and enlarge the visual field. METHODS From August 2012 to March 2021, 87 patients with severe eyelid laxity and ptosis presented to the Plastic Surgery Department of the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University. Upper eyelid skin laxity correction surgery with eyelid marginal incision was performed to correct the excessive tissue between the eyebrow and the upper eyelid and improve patients' vision field. Thereafter, a postoperative follow-up was conducted to observe the results in terms of skin laxity, eyelid shape changes, visual field improvement, postoperative scars, and patients' satisfaction. RESULTS During the follow-up, information was collected between 3 months and 1 year after surgery. No visible scars were seen in patients after the operation, and the sagging skin of the upper eyelid was corrected. In addition, the effect of correcting visual field defect is stable, with no recurrence within 1 year. The operation was effective, and patients were satisfied. CONCLUSION This surgical strategy significantly improved severe upper eyelid skin laxity with inconspicuous postoperative scars. After the operation, patients felt satisfied, and their quality of life was notably improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Guo
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University
| | - Jialin Song
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
UV-induced senescence of human dermal fibroblasts restrained by low-stiffness matrix by inhibiting NF-κB activation. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
|
134
|
Reigado GR, Adriani PP, Dos Santos JF, Freitas BL, Fernandes MTP, Chambergo Alcalde FS, Leo P, Nunes VA. Delivery of superoxide dismutase by TAT and abalone peptides for the protection of skin cells against oxidative stress. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2673-2685. [PMID: 35092091 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei superoxide dismutase (TrSOD) is a well-characterized enzyme being stable between 30 and 90°C for 1 h with activity at pH between 2.6 and 9.0. This work aimed to clone, express, purify, and evaluate the protective effect antioxidant of this enzyme on skin cells when fused to transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain of HIV-1 and abalone (Ab) peptides to allow cell penetration. TrSOD, TAT-TrSOD-Yfp (fused to yellow fluorescent protein), and Ab-TrSOD were expressed in E. coli and purified as soluble proteins. The cytotoxicity of the enzymes, at the concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 μmol/L, was evaluated for a period of 24 and 48 h of incubation, with no cytotoxic effect on 3T3 fibroblasts. The 3T3 cells were exposed to the oxidant agent tert-butyl hydroperoxide and evaluated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in the presence or not of the recombinant enzymes. TAT-TrSOD-Yfp was able to decrease the generation of ROS by 15% when used in the concentrations of 3 and 6 μmol/L in comparison to the control, but there was no difference in relation to the effect of TrSOD. Ab-TrSOD, when compared to TrSOD, promoted a decrease in the formation of ROS of 19% and 14% at the concentrations of 1 and 6 μmol/L, respectively, indicating that this recombinant form was more effective in reducing oxidative stress compared to SOD without the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Together, these results indicate that the fusion of SOD with these CPP increased the antioxidant capacity of fibroblasts, identified by the reduction in the generation of ROS. In addition, such molecules, in the concentrations initially used, were not toxic to the cells, opening perspectives for the development of products for antioxidant protection of the skin that may have therapeutic and cosmetic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Leo
- Institute of Technological Research, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Post-Translational Modifications Evoked by Reactive Carbonyl Species in Ultraviolet-A-Exposed Skin: Implication in Fibroblast Senescence and Skin Photoaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112281. [PMID: 36421467 PMCID: PMC9687576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is an accelerated form of aging resulting from skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV-A radiation deeply penetrates the dermis and triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which promotes damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Lipid peroxidation results from the oxidative attack of polyunsaturated fatty acids which generate a huge amount of lipid peroxidation products, among them reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as α, β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenals (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal), acrolein or malondialdehyde. These highly reactive agents form adducts on free NH2 groups and thiol residues on amino acids in proteins and can also modify DNA and phospholipids. The accumulation of RCS-adducts leads to carbonyl stress characterized by progressive cellular and tissular dysfunction, inflammation and toxicity. RCS-adducts are formed in the dermis of skin exposed to UV-A radiation. Several RCS targets have been identified in the dermis, such as collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix, whose modification could contribute to actinic elastosis lesions. RCS-adducts may play a role in fibroblast senescence via the modification of histones, and the sirtuin SIRT1, leading to an accumulation of acetylated proteins. The cytoskeleton protein vimentin is modified by RCS, which could impair fibroblast motility. A better identification of protein modification and carbonyl stress in the dermis may help to develop new treatment approaches for preventing photoaging.
Collapse
|
136
|
Teng Y, Huang Y, Danfeng X, Tao X, Fan Y. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Photoaging and Related Mechanisms: A Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2455-2464. [PMID: 36420112 PMCID: PMC9677255 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s388954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary pathogenetic factor in skin photoaging. It can disrupt cellular homeostasis by damaging DNA, inducing an inflammatory cascade, immunosuppression, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, resulting in a variety of dermatologic conditions. The skin microbiome plays an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of healthy skin. Emerging evidence has indicated that highly diverse gut microbiome may also have an impact on the skin health, referred to as the gut-skin axis (GSA). Oral and topical probiotics through modulating the skin microbiome and gut-skin microbial interactions could serve as potential management to prevent and treat the skin photoaging by multiple pathways including reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting ECM remodeling, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction, and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this review, the effects of oral and topical probiotics in skin photoaging and related mechanisms are both described systematically and comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youming Huang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Danfeng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Li H, Roy T, Boateng ST, He H, Liu C, Liu W, Li D, Wu P, Seeram NP, Chamcheu JC, Ma H. Standardized Pomegranate (Pomella ®) and Red Maple (Maplifa ®) Extracts and Their Phenolics Protect Type I Collagen by the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Collagenase, and Collagen Cross-Linking. Molecules 2022; 27:7919. [PMID: 36432019 PMCID: PMC9696304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics enriched pomegranate fruit (Pomella®) and red maple leaf (Maplifa®) extracts and their major phenolic constituents have demonstrated beneficial skin effects through the protection of human skin keratinocytes from oxidative-stress-induced damage. However, their mechanisms of protection of cutaneous collagen are still unclear. Herein, the collagen protective effects of Pomella® and Maplifa®, and their major bioactive phytochemicals, namely, punicalagin (PA) and ginnalin A (GA), respectively, were evaluated using enzymatic assays including collagenase, anti-glycation and cell-based models as well as computational methods. The importance of the modulatory effects was validated at the protein level for type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) using human-skin-derived keratinocytes. The synergistic collagenase inhibitory effects upon combinations of Pomella® + Maplifa® and PA + GA at a combination ratio of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, were evaluated using their combination index (CI; a well-established assessment of synergism). Pomella® (50-400 µg/mL), Maplifa® (100-800 µg/mL), PA (50-400 µM), and GA (50-400 µM) dose-dependently inhibited collagenase activity by 26.3-86.3%, 25.7-94.0%, 26.2-94.0%, and 12.0-98.0%, respectively. The CI of the anti-collagenase activity of Pomella® and Maplifa® ranged from 0.53-0.90, while that of PA and GA (12.5/12.5 and 25/25 µM) ranged from 0.66 and 0.69, respectively, suggesting a synergistic inhibitory effect. Interestingly, in the cell-based assays by Western blotting, Pomella® and Maplifa® reduced the protein expression levels of collagen degradation enzymes (MMPs), while simultaneously increasing that of type I collagen in epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. This is the first report to show that these extracts exert synergistic collagen protective effects. Taken together, these findings provide molecular insights into the usefulness of Pomella® and Maplifa® or their phenolics as bioactive ingredients for skin care products to slow down aging and enhance skin tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Samuel T. Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Hao He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Weixi Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Lee S, Choi YJ, Lee S, Kang KS, Jang TS, Kim KH. Protective Effects of Withagenin A Diglucoside from Indian Ginseng ( Withania somnifera) against Human Dermal Fibroblast Damaged by TNF-α Stimulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2248. [PMID: 36421436 PMCID: PMC9686661 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is constructed with many proteins such as collagen and elastin. Collagen and elastin play a key role in providing strength and elasticity to the human skin and body. However, damage to collagen causes various symptoms such as wrinkles and freckles, which suggests that they are important to maintain skin condition. Extrinsic or intrinsic skin aging produces an excess of skin destructive factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which is a major mediator of the aging process. In aged skin, TNF-α provokes the generation of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species). It triggers the excessive secretion of MMP-1, which is a collagen-degrading enzyme that causes the collapse of skin collagen. Therefore, we aimed to search for a natural-product-derived candidate that inhibits the skin damage caused by TNF-α in human dermal fibroblasts. In this study, the protective effect of withagenin A diglucoside (WAD) identified from Withania somnifera against TNF-α-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts is investigated. W. somnifera (Solanaceae), well-known as 'ashwagandha', is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant useful for promoting health and longevity. Our experimental results reveal that WAD from W. somnifera suppresses the generation of intercellular ROS. Suppressing intracellular ROS generation inhibits MMP-1 secretion and the collapse of type 1 collagen. The effect of WAD is shown to depend on the inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, c-Jun phosphorylation, COX-2 expression, and NF-κB phosphorylation. Further, WAD-depressed expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 triggers various inflammatory reactions in human skin. These findings suggest that WAD has protective effects against skin damage. Accordingly, our study provides experimental evidence that WAD can be a potential agent that can be applied in various industrial fields, such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals related to skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Jung Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Health Administration, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Mo Q, Li S, You S, Wang D, Zhang J, Li M, Wang C. Puerarin Reduces Oxidative Damage and Photoaging Caused by UVA Radiation in Human Fibroblasts by Regulating Nrf2 and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224724. [PMID: 36432411 PMCID: PMC9694396 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts account for more than 95% of dermal cells maintaining dermal structure and function. However, UVA penetrates the dermis and causes oxidative stress that damages the dermis and accelerates skin aging. Puerarin, the main active ingredient of Puerariae lobata, has been demonstrated to withstand oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors. However, there are limited findings on whether puerarin protects fibroblasts from UVA-induced oxidative stress damage. The effects of puerarin on human skin fibroblasts (HSF) under UVA-induced oxidative stress were investigated in this study. It is found that puerarin upregulates antioxidant enzymes' mRNA expression level and their content through modulating the KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thus improving cell antioxidant capacity and successfully eliminating UVA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, puerarin blocks the overexpression of human extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), human c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and P38, which downregulates matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) expression and increases type I collagen (COL-1) expression. Moreover, preliminary research on mouse skin suggests that puerarin can hydrate, moisturize, and increase the antioxidant capacity of skin tissue. These findings suggest that puerarin can protect the skin against photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Mo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Shen LH, Fan L, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Su ZT, Peng GN, Deng JL, Zhong ZJ, Wu XF, Yu SM, Cao SZ, Zong XL. Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effect of Cow Placenta Extract on D-Galactose-Induced Skin Aging in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:4659. [PMID: 36364921 PMCID: PMC9654611 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental extract has been used for skin care and delaying skin aging. Cow placenta is an abundant resource with a large mass, which has not been harnessed effectively. Cow placenta extract (CPE) has the functions of antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, promoting growth and development, and promoting hair growth. However, little is known about the effect of oral administration of cow placenta extract on skin conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant capacity of CPE in vitro and in vivo and its protective effect on d-galactose (D-gal) induced skin aging in mice. The results showed that CPE had strong free radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating activities. CPE can increase the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the content of glutathione (GSH), decrease the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, CPE can decrease the gene and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1a (MMP-1a) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and increase the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) of mouse skin. Histopathological analysis showed CPE reduced the collagen damage caused by D-gal, increased collagen synthesis and reduced its degradation to delay skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Hong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhe-Tong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Guang-Neng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun-Liang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shu-Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sui-Zhong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Kim JS, Lee HL, Jeong JH, Yoon YE, Lee IR, Kim JM, Wu C, Lee SJ. OR2AT4, an Ectopic Olfactory Receptor, Suppresses Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2180. [PMID: 36358552 PMCID: PMC9686838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are the largest protein superfamily in mammals. Certain ORs are ectopically expressed in extranasal tissues and regulate cell type-specific signal transduction pathways. OR2AT4 is ectopically expressed in skin cells and promotes wound healing and hair growth. As the capacities of wound healing and hair growth decline with aging, we investigated the role of OR2AT4 in the aging and senescence of human keratinocytes. OR2AT4 was functionally expressed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and exhibited co-expression with G-protein-coupled receptor signaling components, Golfα and adenylate cyclase 3. The OR2AT4 ligand sandalore modulates the intracellular calcium, inositol phosphate, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The increased calcium level induced by sandalore was attenuated in cells with OR2AT4 knockdown. OR2AT4 activation by sandalore inhibited the senescent cell phenotypes and restored cell proliferation and Ki-67 expression. Sandalore also inhibited the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and increased p21 expression in senescent HaCaT cells in response to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, sandalore activated the CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTORC1/autophagy signaling axis and promoted autophagy. OR2AT4 knockdown attenuated the increased in the intracellular calcium level, cell proliferation, and AMPK phosphorylation induced by sandalore. These findings demonstrate that the effects of sandalore are mediated by OR2AT4 activation. Our findings suggest that OR2AT4 may be a novel therapeutic target for anti-aging and anti-senescence in human keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Science & Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Lu Z, Xia Q, Cheng Y, Lu Q, Li Y, Zeng N, Luan X, Li Y, Fan L, Luo D. Hesperetin attenuates UVA-induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblast cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6261-6269. [PMID: 35816390 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation causes skin damage. Recently, natural compounds have become an interest to protect skin from UV-induced photodamages. METHODS In this study, we investigated the protective effects of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on UVA-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and photoaging. RESULTS Our results showed that hesperetin increased the cell viability, suppressed the intracellular ROS levels, and decreased the expression of MMPs including MMP-1 and MMP-3, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and COX-2 in UVA-irradiated HDFs. Besides, hesperetin exerted an anti-apoptotic effect by increasing expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decreasing expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, these anti-photodamage effects were mediated by inhibition of ERK, p38/AP-1, and NF-κb/p65 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Therefore, hesperetin may be useful in the prevention of UVA-induced skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Lu
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyue Xia
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingbao Luan
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lipan Fan
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Exosome-like nanovesicles derived from Phellinus linteus inhibit Mical2 expression through cross-kingdom regulation and inhibit ultraviolet-induced skin aging. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:455. [PMID: 36271377 PMCID: PMC9587628 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phellinus linteus (PL), which is a typical medicinal fungus, has been shown to have antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. However, studies on the effect of anti-photoaging are limited. Studies have shown that exosome-like nanovesicles are functional components of many medicinal plants, and miRNAs in exosome-like nanovesicles play a cross-kingdom regulatory role. At present, research on fungi exosome-like nanovesicles (FELNVs) is few. Results We systematically evaluated the anti-aging effects of PL. FELNVs of PL were isolated, and the functional molecular mechanisms were evaluated. The results of volunteer testing showed that PL had anti-aging activity. The results of component analysis showed that FELNVs were the important components of PL function. FELNVs are nanoparticles (100–260 nm) with a double shell structure. Molecular mechanism research results showed that miR-CM1 in FELNVs could inhibit Mical2 expression in HaCaT cells through cross-kingdom regulation, thereby promoting COL1A2 expression; inhibiting MMP1 expression in skin cells; decreasing the levels of ROS, MDA, and SA-β-Gal; and increasing SOD activity induced by ultraviolet (UV) rays. The above results indicated that miR-CM1 derived from PL inhibited the expression of Mical2 through cross-kingdom regulation and inhibited UV-induced skin aging. Conclusion miR-CM1 plays an anti-aging role by inhibiting the expression of Mical2 in human skin cells through cross-species regulation. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01657-6.
Collapse
|
144
|
Peng S, Guo C, Wu S, Duan Z. Isolation, characterization and anti-UVB irradiation activity of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus VHPriobi O17. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11125. [PMID: 36299523 PMCID: PMC9589185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and evaluate EPS anti-UVB viability. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus VHPriobi O17 with high EPS production was screened from 34 strains of LAB. The EPS (OP-2) produced by L. rhamnosus VHPriobi O17 was purified by alcohol precipitation and DEAE-μSphere anion exchange chromatography. By ion chromatography, FT-IR spectrum and gel column chromatography, EPS (OP-2) was a novel Man-like polysaccharide with the weight-averaged molecular of 84.2 kDa. The EPS (OP-2) can effectively alleviate HaCaT cells apoptosis and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by UVB. The results also showed that it inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-8); and suppressed the phosphorylation cascade of JNK and p38 MAPK to reduce the expression level of active-caspase3, ultimately prevented cell apoptosis. Thus, the EPS produced by L. rhamnosus VHPriobi O17 have the potential to be used for human anti-UVB irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-Manufacturing, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Chaoqun Guo
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc. Nutrition and Health Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc. Nutrition and Health Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Duan
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc. Nutrition and Health Technology Center, Qingdao, China,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Photoprotective Effects of Cannabidiol against Ultraviolet-B-Induced DNA Damage and Autophagy in Human Keratinocyte Cells and Mouse Skin Tissue. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196740. [PMID: 36235276 PMCID: PMC9572435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a phytocannabinoid with various beneficial effects for the skin, including anti-photoaging effects, but its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. The study assessed CBD’s photoprotective effects against acute ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells and murine skin tissue. CBD (8 μM) alleviated UVB-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest in HaCaT cells. The contents of γH2AX and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers were decreased after CBD treatment. CBD reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and modulated the expression of antioxidant-related proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, CBD mitigated the UVB-induced cytotoxicity by activating autophagy. In addition, a cream containing 5% CBD showed effectiveness against UVB-induced photodamage in a murine model. The CBD cream improved the skin’s condition by lowering the photodamage scores, reducing abnormal skin proliferation, and decreasing expression of the inflammation-related protein cyclooxygenase-2 in UVB-irradiated skin tissue. These findings indicate that CBD might be beneficial in alleviating UVB-induced skin damage in humans. The photoprotective effects of CBD might be attributed to its modulatory effects on redox homeostasis and autophagy.
Collapse
|
146
|
Tang H, He Y, Liang Z, Li J, Dong Z, Liao Y. The therapeutic effect of adipose-derived stem cells on soft tissue injury after radiotherapy and their value for breast reconstruction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:493. [PMID: 36195925 PMCID: PMC9531407 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postmastectomy radiotherapy is considered to be a necessary treatment in the therapy of breast cancer, while it will cause soft tissue damage and complications, which are closely related to the success rate and effectiveness of breast reconstruction. After radiotherapy, cutaneous tissue becomes thin and brittle, and its compliance decreases. Component fat grafting and adipose-derived stem cell therapy are considered to have great potential in treating radiation damage and improving skin compliance after radiotherapy. Main body In this paper, the basic types and pathological mechanisms of skin and soft tissue damage to breast skin caused by radiation therapy are described. The 2015–2021 studies related to stem cell therapy in PubMed were also reviewed. Studies suggest that adipose-derived stem cells exert their biological effects mainly through cargoes carried in extracellular vesicles and soluble secreted factors. Compared to traditional fat graft breast reconstruction, ADSC therapy amplifies the effects of stem cells in it. In order to obtain a more purposeful therapeutic effect, proper stem cell pretreatment may achieve more ideal and safe results. Conclusion Recent research works about ADSCs and other MSCs mainly focus on curative effects in the acute phase of radiation injury, and there is little research about treatment of chronic phase complications. The efficacy of stem cell therapy on alleviating skin fibrosis and its underlying mechanism require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojing Tang
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufei He
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuokai Liang
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Li
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunjun Liao
- The Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Hao R, Li M, Li F, Sun-Waterhouse D, Li D. Protective effects of the phenolic compounds from mung bean hull against H 2O 2-induced skin aging through alleviating oxidative injury and autophagy in HaCaT cells and HSF cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156669. [PMID: 35718184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To add value to food waste and seek skin aging suppressor, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water phenolic extracts were produced from mung bean hulls subjected to ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction. The four extracts all contained protocatechuic acid, isovitexin, vitexin, caffeic acid, 4-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid (revealed by UHPLC-MS/MS). The effects of the four extracts and their main phenolic compounds against H2O2-caused cell damage and aging in HaCaT and HSF cells were examined (including cell viability, ROS, MDA, SOD, GSH-px and β-galactosidase levels). The four extracts and the eight phenolic compounds exhibited different protective effects on H2O2-treated HaCaT/HSF cells viability, with the ethyl acetate extract among the extracts, and isovitexin and vitexin among the eight compounds, exerting the greatest protection. Therefore, isovitexin and vitexin may be the key oxidative stress and autophagy modulators of mung bean hull, and they inhibit skin aging and damage likely through suppressing Nrf2/keap1/HO-1 related oxidative damage and LC3II/p62/GATA4 related autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rili Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Susano P, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Goettert MI, Pedrosa R. Saccorhiza polyschides-A Source of Natural Active Ingredients for Greener Skincare Formulations. Molecules 2022; 27:6496. [PMID: 36235032 PMCID: PMC9573298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing knowledge about the harmful effects caused by some synthetic ingredients present in skincare products has led to an extensive search for natural bioactives. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dermatological potential of five fractions (F1-F5), obtained by a sequential extraction procedure, from the brown seaweed Saccorhiza polyschides. The antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC and TPC), anti-enzymatic (collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase), antimicrobial (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes and Malassezia furfur), anti-inflammatory (nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10) and photoprotective (reactive oxygen species) properties of all fractions were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) displayed the highest antioxidant and photoprotective capacity, reducing ROS levels in UVA/B-exposed 3T3 fibroblasts, and the highest anti-enzymatic capacity against tyrosinase (IC50 value: 89.1 µg/mL). The solid water-insoluble fraction (F5) revealed the greatest antimicrobial activity against C. acnes growth (IC50 value: 12.4 µg/mL). Furthermore, all fractions demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced with lipopolysaccharides. Chemical analysis of the S. polyschides fractions by NMR revealed the presence of different classes of compounds, including lipids, polyphenols and sugars. The results highlight the potential of S. polyschides to be incorporated into new nature-based skincare products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Susano
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE/ARNET, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Gonçalves LG, Santos S, Gomes LP, Armengaud J, Miragaia M, Coelho AV. Skin-to-blood pH shift triggers metabolome and proteome global remodelling in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1000737. [PMID: 36246270 PMCID: PMC9554481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most common bacteria of the human skin microbiota. Despite its role as a commensal, S. epidermidis has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen, associated with 80% of medical devices related infections. Moreover, these bacteria are extremely difficult to treat due to their ability to form biofilms and accumulate resistance to almost all classes of antimicrobials. Thus new preventive and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with S. epidermidis colonisation and disease are still poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the metabolic and cellular processes associated with response to environmental factors characteristic of SE ecological niches in health and disease might provide new clues on colonisation and disease processes. Here we studied the impact of pH conditions, mimicking the skin pH (5.5) and blood pH (7.4), in a S. epidermidis commensal strain by means of next-generation proteomics and 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Moreover, we evaluated the metabolic changes occurring during a sudden pH change, simulating the skin barrier break produced by a catheter. We found that exposure of S. epidermidis to skin pH induced oxidative phosphorylation and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids and betaine. In contrast, at blood pH, the bacterial assimilation of monosaccharides and its oxidation by glycolysis and fermentation was promoted. Additionally, several proteins related to virulence and immune evasion, namely extracellular proteases and membrane iron transporters were more abundant at blood pH. In the situation of an abrupt skin-to-blood pH shift we observed the decrease in the osmolyte betaine and changes in the levels of several metabolites and proteins involved in cellular redoxl homeostasis. Our results suggest that at the skin pH S. epidermidis cells are metabolically more active and adhesion is promoted, while at blood pH, metabolism is tuned down and cells have a more virulent profile. pH increase during commensal-to-pathogen conversion appears to be a critical environmental signal to the remodelling of the S. epidermidis metabolism toward a more pathogenic state. Targeting S. epidermidis proteins induced by pH 7.4 and promoting the acidification of the medical device surface or surrounding environment might be new strategies to treat and prevent S. epidermidis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gafeira Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana Santos
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Laidson Paes Gomes
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Maria Miragaia
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Maria Miragaia,
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Gao D, Cho CW, Kim JH, Kim CT, Jeong WS, Wang Y, Li X, Kang JS. Extraction and Concentration of Waste Pueraria lobata Stems with Antioxidants and Anti-Melanogenesis Activity as a Novel Skin Whitening Agent for Natural Cosmetic Prototypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810352. [PMID: 36142265 PMCID: PMC9499008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) is used commercially in different products, including dietary supplements, cosmetics, and teas, but its stem part is rarely used and studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activities of the bioactive fraction of P. lobata stem and investigated whether the activated carbon decolorization technique would have an impact on its activity and chemical composition. We observed that the dichloromethane fraction of P. lobata stem (DCM-PLS) has excellent antioxidant and anti-melanin synthesis activity at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. For the investigation of the anti-melanogenesis mechanism, we evaluated the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, which was depressed by the DCM-PLS. Daidzin was identified as the main active ingredient in DCM-PLS by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the activated carbon decolorization technology has no negative impact on the main components and bioactivity of DCM-PLS. DCM-PLS also did not induce any skin response in the human skin safety test. Collectively, DCM-PLS could be used as a natural type of skin-whitening agent in skin care products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chong-Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | | | - Ye Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.-S.K.); Tel.: +86-10-8408-4107 (X.L.); +82-42-821-5928 (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jong-Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.-S.K.); Tel.: +86-10-8408-4107 (X.L.); +82-42-821-5928 (J.-S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|