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Zahodne LB, Sharifian N, Kraal AZ, Morris EP, Sol K, Zaheed AB, Meister L, Mayeux R, Schupf N, Manly JJ, Brickman AM. Longitudinal associations between racial discrimination and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes among older Black adults. Soc Sci Med 2023; 316:114789. [PMID: 35164975 PMCID: PMC9579996 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Non-Hispanic Black older adults are at higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) than non-Hispanic Whites, which reflects racial disparities in both brain and cognitive health. Discrimination may contribute to these disparities, but much of the research on discrimination and ADRD outcomes is cross-sectional and/or does not disaggregate experiences of discrimination by attribution. Focusing specifically on racial discrimination and considering longitudinal brain outcomes may advance our understanding of the role of discrimination in explaining disproportionate rates of ADRD among non-Hispanic Black older adults. METHODS In total, 221 non-Hispanic Black participants in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project completed multiple measures of discrimination at one time point and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at two time points. Everyday discrimination and lifetime discrimination were operationalized first as aggregate experiences of discrimination (regardless of identity attributions) and then as racial discrimination per se. MRI outcomes included hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. Latent difference score models estimated associations between the discrimination measures and each MRI outcome over four years. RESULTS Aggregate discrimination (regardless of attributions) was not associated with either outcome. Lifetime racial discrimination was associated with lower initial hippocampal volume. Everyday racial discrimination was associated with faster accumulation of WMH over time. CONCLUSIONS Racial discrimination may be detrimental for brain aging among non-Hispanic Black older adults, which may contribute to their disproportionate dementia burden. Disaggregating discrimination by attribution may clarify research on racial inequalities in brain and cognitive aging, as racial discrimination appears to be particularly toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Neika Sharifian
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - A Zarina Kraal
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Emily P Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Ketlyne Sol
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Afsara B Zaheed
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Lindsey Meister
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
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102
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Teng Z, Feng J, Lv P. Subclinical Hypothyroidism is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:303-310. [PMID: 36761397 PMCID: PMC9904226 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s401020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and cognitive function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). METHODS We evaluated 528 patients with CSVD in this retrospective study. SCH was defined as elevated levels of thyroid stimulating hormone with normal concentrations of free thyroxine. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the total CSVD burden score and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to measure the cognitive function. Participants were grouped based on cognitive function or total CSVD burden score. Multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis models were used to estimate the association of SCH with cognitive function and CSVD burden. RESULTS SCH was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR: 1.939; 95% CI: 1.170 to 3.213; P=0.010). Additionally, SCH was independently associated with severe CSVD burden after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR: 1.668; 95% CI: 1.085 to 2.564; P=0.020). Mediation analysis found a significant moderating effect (P=0.021) of the severe CSVD burden on the relation between SCH and cognitive impairment after adjustment for potential confounding factors. A 30.1% of the total effect between this relation was attributable to the presence of severe CSVD burden. CONCLUSION SCH was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD. The mediating role of severe CSVD burden suggests that SCH may lead to cognitive impairment through the presence of severe CSVD burden. These findings may suggest strategies for screening for SCH in the context of cognitive impairment in patients with severe CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Teng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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103
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Xiao Y, Teng Z, Xu J, Qi Q, Guan T, Jiang X, Chen H, Xie X, Dong Y, Lv P. Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index is Associated with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden and Cognitive Impairment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:403-413. [PMID: 36852257 PMCID: PMC9960781 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s401098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to explore the associations of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with total cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden and cognitive impairment. METHODS We enrolled 201 patients in the retrospective study with complete clinical and laboratory data. The SII was calculated as platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Total CSVD burden was assessed based on magnetic resonance imaging. We performed logistic regression models, Spearman correlation, and mediation analysis to evaluate the associations of SII with CSVD burden and cognitive impairment. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors in the multivariate binary logistic regression model, elevated SII (odds ratio [OR], 3.263; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.577-6.752; P = 0.001) or severe CSVD burden (OR, 2.794; 95% CI, 1.342-5.817; P = 0.006) was significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Correlation analyses revealed that SII levels were negatively associated with MMSE scores (rs = -0.391, P < 0.001), and positively associated with the total CSVD burden score (rs = 0.361, P < 0.001). Moreover, SII was significantly related to the severity of the CSVD burden (OR, 2.674; 95% CI, 1.359-5.263; P = 0.004). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) in highest tertile versus lowest tertile of SII were 8.947 (3.315-24.145) for cognitive impairment and 4.945 (2.063-11.854) for severe CSVD burden, respectively. The effect of higher SII on cognitive impairment development was partly mediated by severe CSVD burden. CONCLUSION Elevated SII is associated with severe CSVD burden and cognitive impairment. The mediating role of severe CSVD burden suggests that higher SII may contribute to cognitive impairment through aggravating CSVD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Teng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Qi
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Guan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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104
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Liu L, Zhang X, Jiang N, Liu Y, Wang Q, Jiang G, Li X, Zhao L, Zhai Q. Plasma Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Affects Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Microbleeds. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:635-646. [PMID: 36987525 PMCID: PMC10040165 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s401603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an inflammatory biomarker of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and may be related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of cognitive impairment. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of plasma Lp-PLA2 level on the cognitive impairment in patients with CMBs. Methods In this study, 213 patients with CMBs confirmed by 3.0 T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed. Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay technology, and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The cognitive functions of patients with CMBs were divided into three groups according to the MoCA scale, including normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and moderate-severe cognitive impairment (MSCI). Clinical, laboratory and radiological data of the three groups were analysed. The relationship between plasma Lp-PLA2 and MoCA score in patients with CMBs was investigated through rank correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of Lp-PLA2. Results CMBs were detected in 213 (30.2%) of 705 patients who underwent 3.0 T MRI. Multiple comparisons showed that plasma Lp-PLA2 in patients with CMBs with normal cognitive scores was significantly lower than that in the other two groups with cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). In the single factor correlation analysis, high level of plasma Lp-PLA2 was negatively correlated with the decrease of MoCA score in patients with CMBs (r =-0.389, p < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that high plasma Lp-PLA2 was an independent risk factor for a low MoCA score in patients with CMBs (odds ratio [OR]=1.014; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-1.026; p=0.025). Conclusion A high level of plasma Lp-PLA2 is positively correlated with the generation of cognitive impairment in patients with CMBs and negatively correlated with the degree of impairment. Plasma Lp-PLA2 is an important indicator of cognitive impairment in patients with CMBs and may provide a therapeutic target for preventing CMB-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Hongze People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Lianshui PEople’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Rehabilitation Centre, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liandong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liandong Zhao; Qijin Zhai, Email ;
| | - Qijin Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) causes lacunar stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, and is the most common pathology underlying vascular cognitive impairment. Increasingly, the importance of other clinical features of SVD is being recognized including motor impairment, (vascular) parkinsonism, impaired balance, falls, and behavioral symptoms, such as depression, apathy, and personality change. Epidemiological data show a high prevalence of the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of white matter hyperintensities and lacunar infarcts in community studies, and recent data suggest that it is also a major health burden in low- and middle-income countries. In this review, we cover advances in diagnosis, imaging, clinical presentations, pathogenesis, and treatment.The two most common pathologies underlying SVD are arteriolosclerosis caused by aging, hypertension, and other conventional vascular risk factors, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) caused by vascular deposition of β-amyloid. We discuss the revised Boston criteria of CAA based on MRI features, which have been recently validated. Imaging is providing important insights into pathogenesis, including improved detection of tissue damage using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) leading to its use to monitor progression and surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Advanced MRI techniques can demonstrate functional or dynamic abnormalities of the blood vessels, while the high spatial resolution provided by ultrahigh field MRI at 7 T allows imaging of individual perforating arteries for the first time, and the measurement of flow velocity and pulsatility within these arteries. DTI and structural network analysis have highlighted the importance of network disruption in mediating the effect of different SVD pathologies in causing a number of symptoms, including cognitive impairment, apathy, and gait disturbance.Despite the public health importance of SVD, there are few proven treatments. We review the evidence for primary prevention, and recent data showing how intensive blood pressure lowering reduces white matter hyperintensities (WMH) progression and delays the onset of cognitive impairment. There are few treatments for secondary prevention, but a number of trials are currently evaluating novel treatment approaches. Recent advances have implicated molecular processes related to endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide synthesis, blood-brain barrier integrity, maintenance and repair of the extracellular matrix, and inflammation. Novel treatment approaches are being developed to a number of these targets. Finally, we highlight the importance of large International collaborative initiatives in SVD to address important research questions and cover a number which have recently been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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106
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Zhang X, Liu L, Jiang N, Liu Y, Wang Q, Tang X, Zhai Q, Zhao L. Correlation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and cerebral microbleeds in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:482. [PMID: 36517761 PMCID: PMC9749267 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-03000-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) increase the risk of stroke occurrence and recurrence,and affect the prognosis of stroke patients. Therefore, identifying biological markers that predict CMBs after stroke is urgently needed. This study explored whether high levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) are associated with an increased risk of CMBs in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). METHODS From April 2020 to October 2021, we enrolled 242 patients with AIS. At admission, the plasma levels of Lp-PLA2 were measured in all patients as well as the number of CMBs and white matter lesions. According to the results of the Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI), the patients were divided into a CMB group and a no-CMB group. The groups were compared with univariate and multivariate analyses to clarify the correlation between Lp-PLA2 levels and CMBs, and the optimal cut-off value of Lp-PLA2 that predicted CMBs was determined from the receiver-operating characteristic curve. RESULTS CMBs were detected in 71 (29.3%) of the 242 AIS patients. The median Lp-PLA2 level was 182.79 ng/ml. Using the 1st quartile of Lp-PLA2 levels (the lowest levels) as the reference group, univariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals in the 4th quartile (the highest levels) had a higher risk of CMBs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.460, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.188-1.795, P = 0.000). This correlation persisted after adjusting for relevant risk factors (OR = 1.370, 95% CI: 1.096-1.713, P = 0.006). The optimal cut-off value of Lp-PLA2 that predicted the occurrence of CMBs was 184.36 ng/ml; at this threshold, the sensitivity was 69.0%, and the specificity was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a high level of Lp-PLA2 in patients with AIS is a potential risk factor for CMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiu Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Neurology, Hongze People’s Hospital, Hongze, 223100 Jiangsu China
| | - Lu Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Nan Jiang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurology, Lianshui people’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianshui, 223400 Jiangsu China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Qing Wang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Neurology, Hongze People’s Hospital, Hongze, 223100 Jiangsu China
| | - Qijin Zhai
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Liandong Zhao
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
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107
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Heterogeneity of White Matter Hyperintensity and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Lacunar Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121674. [PMID: 36552134 PMCID: PMC9776102 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in patients with acute lacunar stroke (ALS) may be not completely parallel to cognitive impairment. Controversies persist about the effects of WMH on cognitive dysfunction. It is vital to explore whether the association may be affected by certain factors and whether a subsequent subgroup analysis is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between WMH and cognitive impairment in acute lacunar stroke patients and the possible causal factors. Methods: We continuously enrolled patients with ALS who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between October 2017 and June 2022. The cognitive function of all patients was assessed by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale 14 ± 2 days after the onset of AIS, and the results were adjusted to the education level. The MoCA scale was reevaluated at the 6-month (day 182 ± 7) follow-up by outpatient visit or video. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The manifestations of chronic cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD), including the total Fazekas score and total CSVD burden score, were assessed with an MRI scan. A mismatch refers to an inconsistency between the severity of WMH and cognitive dysfunction. A Type 1 mismatch refers to cognitive impairment with mild WMH (total Fazekas score = 0−1), and a Type 2 mismatch refers to severe WMH (total Fazekas score = 5−6) in patients with normal cognitive function. Results: Among 213 enrolled ALS patients, 66 patients (31.0%) had cognitive dysfunction, and 40 patients (18.8%) had mismatches. Twenty-seven cases (12.7%) were Type 1 mismatched, and seventeen cases (8.0%) were Type 2 mismatched. Age, gender, fibrinogen and cerebral infarction history were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in ALS patients. Imaging features, including moderate to severe WMH, deep WMH and the total CSVD burden score, were also independently associated with cognitive impairment. The patients in the mismatched group were older, had more severe deep WMH and had a higher occurrence of depression (p < 0.05). The NIHSS score, depression and microbleeds were significantly different between the Type 1 mismatched group and the matched group (p = 0.018, p = 0.012 and p = 0.047). Patients in the Type 2 mismatched group were male (p = 0.04), had a lower level of fibrinogen (p = 0.005), a lower incidence of CMBs (p = 0.003), a lower total CSVD burden score (p = 0.017), more severe paraventricular WMH (p = 0.035) and milder deep WMH (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Our study examined a homogeneous study cohort of recruited patients with symptomatic ALS. We found heterogeneity between WMH and cognitive function in ALS patients. Despite a similar WMH severity, some baseline clinical features and other conventional CSVD imaging characteristics may account for this heterogeneity phenomenon. Our findings provide data for the early diagnosis and prevention of cognitive impairment in ALS patients and suggest that the severity of WMH is not completely parallel to cognitive impairment. The white matter microstructural injury and remote WMH effects may account for the mismatch phenomenon. More attention should be paid to understanding the underlying mechanisms and finding new imaging markers.
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Moore J, Jimenez J, Lin W, Powers W, Zong X. Prospective motion correction and automatic segmentation of penetrating arteries in phase contrast MRI at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2088-2100. [PMID: 35713374 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a prospective motion correction (MC) method for phase contrast (PC) MRI of penetrating arteries (PAs) in centrum semiovale at 7 T and to evaluate its performance using automatic PA segmentation. METHODS Head motion was monitored and corrected during the scan based on fat navigator images. Two convolutional neural networks (CNN) were developed to automatically segment PAs and exclude surface vessels. Real-life scans with MC and without MC (NoMC) were performed to evaluate the MC performance. Motion score was calculated from the ranges of translational and rotational motion parameters. MC versus NoMC pairs with similar motion scores during MC and NoMC scans were compared. Data corrupted by motion were reacquired to further improve PA visualization. RESULTS PA counts (NPA ) and PC and magnitude contrasts (MgC) relative to neighboring tissue were significantly correlated with motion score and were higher in MC than NoMC images at motion scores above 0.5-0.8 mm. Data reacquisition further increased PC but had no significant effect on NPA and MgC. CNNs had higher sensitivity and Dice similarity coefficient for detecting PAs than a threshold-based method. CONCLUSIONS Prospective MC can improve the count and contrast of segmented PAs in the presence of severe motion. CNN-based PA segmentation has improved performance in delineating PAs than the threshold-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moore
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan Jimenez
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Powers
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Zong
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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109
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Tsentidou G, Moraitou D, Tsolaki M. Emotion Recognition in a Health Continuum: Comparison of Healthy Adults of Advancing Age, Community Dwelling Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors and People Diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13366. [PMID: 36293946 PMCID: PMC9602834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The identification of basic emotions plays an important role in social relationships and behaviors linked to survival. In neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the ability to recognize emotions may already be impaired at early stages of the disease, such as the stage of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). However, as regards vascular pathologies related to cognitive impairment, very little is known about emotion recognition in people bearing vascular risk factors (VRF). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine emotion recognition ability in the health continuum "healthy advancing age-advancing age with VRF-MCI". The sample consisted of 106 adults divided in three diagnostic groups; 43 adults with MCI, 41 adults bearing one or more VRF, and 22 healthy controls of advancing age (HC). Since HC were more educated and younger than the other two groups, the age-group and level of educational were taken into account in the statistical analyses. A dynamic visual test was administered to examine recognition of basic emotions and emotionally neutral conditions. The results showed only a significant diagnostic group x educational level interaction as regards total emotion recognition ability, F (4, 28.910) = 4.117 p = 0.004 η2 = 0.166. High educational level seems to contribute to a high-level-emotion-recognition-performance both in healthy adults of advancing age and in adults bearing vascular risk factors. Medium educational level appears to play the same role only in healthy adults. Neither educational level can help MCI people to enhance their significantly lower emotion recognition ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glykeria Tsentidou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Tsolaki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhou Q, Le M, Yang Y, Wang W, Huang Y, Wang Q, Tian Y, Jiang M, Rao Y, Luo HB, Wu Y. Discovery of novel phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitors for curing vascular dementia: suppression of neuroinflammation by blocking NF-κB transcription regulation and activating cAMP/CREB axis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1180-1191. [PMID: 36970192 PMCID: PMC10031254 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second commonest type of dementia which lacks of efficient treatments currently. Neuroinflammation as a prominent pathological feature of VaD, is highly involved in the development of VaD. In order to verify the therapeutic potential of PDE1 inhibitors against VaD, the anti-neuroinflammation, memory and cognitive improvement were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by a potent and selective PDE1 inhibitor 4a. Also, the mechanism of 4a in ameliorating neuroinflammation and VaD was systematically explored. Furthermore, to optimize the drug-like properties of 4a, especially for metabolic stability, 15 derivatives were designed and synthesized. As a result, candidate 5f, with a potent IC50 value of 4.5 nmol/L against PDE1C, high selectivity over PDEs, and remarkable metabolic stability, efficiently ameliorated neuron degeneration, cognition and memory impairment in VaD mice model by suppressing NF-κB transcription regulation and activating cAMP/CREB axis. These results further identified PDE1 inhibition could serve as a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of VaD.
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Yao XY, Gao MC, Bai SW, Xie L, Song YY, Ding J, Wu YF, Xue CR, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Guan YT. Enlarged perivascular spaces, neuroinflammation and neurological dysfunction in NMOSD patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966781. [PMID: 36248814 PMCID: PMC9557144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid exchange along a brain-wide network of perivascular spaces (PVS) termed the ‘glymphatic system’. The aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels abundantly expressed on astrocytic endfeet play a key role in the CSF circulation in the glymphatic system. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) featured with a specific autoantibody directed against AQP4 in most of patients. Anti-AQP4 antibodies are likely resulting in the impairment of the brain glymphatic system and the enlargement of PVS in NMOSD patients. In the current study, we aimed to demonstrate the features of EPVS detected by MRI and its association with the CSF anti-AQP4 antibody titer, CNS inflammatory markers, and disease severity in NMOSD patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of a consecutive cohort of 110 patients with NMOSD who had brain MRI. We assessed the correlation of EPVS with markers of neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and severity of neurological dysfunction in patients. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the independent variables associated with disease severity. Results The median number of total-EPVS was 15.5 (IQR, 11-24.2) in NMOSD patients. The number of total-EPVS was significantly related to EDSS score after correcting for the effects of age and hypertension (r=0.353, p<0.001). The number of total-EPVS was also significantly associated with the titer of CSF anti-AQP4 antibody, the albumin rate (CSF/serum ratios of albumin), the CSF albumin, IgG and IgA levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that total-EPVS and serum albumin level were two independent factors to predict disease severity in NMOSD patients (OR=1.053, p=0.028; OR=0.858, p=0.009 respectively). Furthermore, ROC analysis achieved AUC of 0.736 (0.640-0.831, p<0.001) for total-EPVS to determine severe NMOSD (EDSS 4.5-9.5). Discussion In our cohort, we found a relationship between EPVS and neuroinflammation and BBB function in NMOSD. Moreover, EPVS might independently predict neurological dysfunction in patients with NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Chun Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Wei Bai
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ying Song
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Ran Xue
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Tai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Tai Guan,
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Guy R, Herman S, Benyamini H, Ben-Zur T, Kobo H, Pasmanik-Chor M, Yaacobi D, Barel E, Yagil C, Yagil Y, Offen D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Proposed Therapy in a Rat Model of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911211. [PMID: 36232513 PMCID: PMC9569832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been employed in the past decade as therapeutic agents in various diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We currently aimed to use MSC-EVs as potential treatment for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a complex disorder with a variety of manifestations. MSC-EVs were intranasally administrated to salt-sensitive hypertension prone SBH/y rats that were DOCA-salt loaded (SBH/y-DS), which we have previously shown is a model of CSVD. MSC-EVs accumulated within brain lesion sites of SBH/y-DS. An in vitro model of an inflammatory environment in the brain demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties of MSC-EVs. Following in vivo MSC-EV treatment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of SBH/y-DS cortices revealed downregulation of immune system response-related gene sets. In addition, MSC-EVs downregulated gene sets related to apoptosis, wound healing and coagulation, and upregulated gene sets associated with synaptic signaling and cognition. While no specific gene was markedly altered upon treatment, the synergistic effect of all gene alternations was sufficient to increase animal survival and improve the neurological state of affected SBH/y-DS rats. Our data suggest MSC-EVs act as microenvironment modulators, through various molecular pathways. We conclude that MSC-EVs may serve as beneficial therapeutic measure for multifactorial disorders, such as CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Guy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shay Herman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel
| | - Tali Ben-Zur
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hila Kobo
- Genomics Research Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dafna Yaacobi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Eric Barel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Chana Yagil
- Israeli Rat Genome Center, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 78306, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yoram Yagil
- Israeli Rat Genome Center, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 78306, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-523-342-737
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Qiao YS, Tang X, Chai YH, Gong HJ, Xu H, Patel I, Li L, Lu T, Zhao WY, Li ZY, Cardoso MA, Zhou JB. Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:15-31. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) plays an essential role in the cognitive impairment and dementia in obesity. However, current conclusions regarding CBF changes in patients with obesity are inconsistent. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and CBF alterations. Methods: We systematically screened published cross-sectional and longitudinal studies focusing on the differences in CBF between obese and normal-weight individuals. Eighteen studies including 24,866 participants, of which seven articles reported longitudinal results, were evaluated in the present study. Results: The results of the meta-analysis showed that in cross-sectional studies, body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with CBF (β= –0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.44, –0.19). Moreover, this systematic review demonstrated that obese individuals showed global and regional reductions in the CBF and increased CBF in diverse functional areas of the frontal lobe, including the prefrontal cortex, left frontal superior orbital, right frontal mid-orbital cortex, and left premotor superior frontal gyrus. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BMI, rather than waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, is inversely associated with CBF in cross-sectional studies. The CBF of obese individuals showed global and regional reductions, including the frontal lobe, temporal and parietal lobes, cerebellum, hippocampus, and thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shun Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yin-He Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jian Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ikramulhaq Patel
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Marly Augusto Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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The negative affectivity dimension of Type D personality associated with increased risk for acute ischemic stroke and white matter hyperintensity. J Psychosom Res 2022; 160:110973. [PMID: 35749831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to examine the relationship among type D personality, acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH). METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted between September 2020 and June 2021, 235 patients aged 50-85 years with first-ever ischemic cerebrovascular disease, including 146 males and 89 females, were enrolled. All participants underwent the Type D Scale-14 test containing negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) subscales. Clinical and laboratory data were also collected for analysis. The patients were divided into the AIS group (n = 148) and the transient ischemic attack (TIA) group (n = 87) according to whether there was an acute lesion. RESULTS Patients with type D personality had a higher frequency of AIS and LAA and a higher level of WMH. Multiple logistic regression showed that the NA score was related to a 1.11-fold increase in the odds of AIS (95% CI: 1.03-1.19). Neither NA nor SI showed a clear association with a higher frequency of LAA. Higher scores of NA (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15), SI (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19), and the interaction between the two dimensions (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) were independently associated with an increased load of WMH. CONCLUSION Type D personality was related to AIS and WMH. In particular, it was NA, not SI, affected the occurrence of AIS. Our findings may provide new insights regarding behavioral vulnerability for the development of cerebrovascular disorders.
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Adesse D, Gladulich L, Alvarez-Rosa L, Siqueira M, Marcos AC, Heider M, Motta CS, Torices S, Toborek M, Stipursky J. Role of aging in Blood-Brain Barrier dysfunction and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection: impacts on neurological symptoms of COVID-19. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:63. [PMID: 35982454 PMCID: PMC9386676 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide due to lethal pneumonia and respiratory distress. In addition, the central nervous system (CNS) is well documented to be a target of SARS-CoV-2, and studies detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) was suggested to be the major route of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain. Functionally, the BBB is created by an interactome between endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, which form the neurovascular units (NVU). However, at present, the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the NVU and the outcomes of this process are largely unknown. Moreover, age was described as one of the most prominent risk factors for hospitalization and deaths, along with other comorbidities such as diabetes and co-infections. This review will discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the NVU, the expression profile of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the different cell types of the CNS and the possible role of aging in the neurological outcomes of COVID-19. A special emphasis will be placed on mitochondrial functions because dysfunctional mitochondria are also a strong inducer of inflammatory reactions and the "cytokine storm" associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we will discuss possible drug therapies to treat neural endothelial function in aged patients, and, thus, alleviate the neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Adesse
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 307b, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Luis Gladulich
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 307b, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Liandra Alvarez-Rosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 307b, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
- Laboratório Compartilhado, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Siqueira
- Laboratório Compartilhado, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Marcos
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 307b, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marialice Heider
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 307b, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Caroline Soares Motta
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 307b, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joice Stipursky
- Laboratório Compartilhado, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gao Y, Li D, Lin J, Thomas AM, Miao J, Chen D, Li S, Chu C. Cerebral small vessel disease: Pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:961661. [PMID: 36034144 PMCID: PMC9412755 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.961661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a diverse cluster of cerebrovascular diseases primarily affecting small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules. The diagnosis of CSVD relies on the identification of small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces, and microbleeds using neuroimaging. CSVD is observed in 25% of strokes worldwide and is the most common pathology of cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. Still, due to the poor understanding of pathophysiology in CSVD, there is not an effective preventative or therapeutic approach for CSVD. The most widely accepted approach to CSVD treatment is to mitigate vascular risk factors and adopt a healthier lifestyle. Thus, a deeper understanding of pathogenesis may foster more specific therapies. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of pathological characteristics in CSVD development, with a focus on endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier impairment and white matter change. We also describe inflammation in CSVD, whose role in contributing to CSVD pathology is gaining interest. Finally, we update the current treatments and preventative measures of CSVD, as well as discuss potential targets and novel strategies for CSVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jianwen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Aline M. Thomas
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jianyu Miao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyan Chu,
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Fu Y, Yun W, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Xiao L, Zhang M, Zhu W. Homocysteine is related to enlarged perivascular spaces in the brainstem in patients with isolated pontine infarction. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:296. [PMID: 35953791 PMCID: PMC9367109 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homocysteine is correlated with several imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in the basal ganglia. However, little is known about EPVS in the brainstem. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum total homocysteine (tHcy) and EPVS in the brainstem in patients with acute isolated pontine infarction. Methods Consecutive patients with isolated pontine infarction were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical characteristics and laboratory tests including tHcy were recorded. Imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease including EPVS in the basal ganglia (BG-EPVS), EPVS in the centrum semiovale, and EPVS in the midbrain or pons (brainstem-EPVS) were assessed using conventional magnetic resonance imaging. The relation between tHcy and EPVS of different parts in the brain was analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression model. Results A total of 227 patients were included (mean age 67.10 ± 9.38 years, male sex 58.6%). The frequencies of brainstem-EPVS and moderate to severe BG-EPVS accounted for 40.1% (91/227) and 40.5% (92/227) respectively. After controlling for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that tHcy was an independent risk factor for both moderate to severe BG-EPVS (P = 0.003, P for trend < 0.001) and the presence of brainstem-EPVS (P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression model indicated that the presence of brainstem-EPVS (β = 0.264, 95% confidence interval = 0.143-0.402, P < 0.001) and the severity of BG-EPVS (β = 0.162, 95% confidence interval = 0.024-0.197, P = 0.013) were positively associated with serum tHcy. Conclusions Serum tHcy is correlated with brainstem-EPVS and BG-EPVS dose-dependently. This study may support a contributing role for homocysteine in the pathophysiology of EPVS in the brainstem and the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.29, Xinglong Lane, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213004, China
| | - Wenwei Yun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.29, Xinglong Lane, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213004, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.29, Xinglong Lane, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213004, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lulu Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.29, Xinglong Lane, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213004, China.
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Neurology, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, No.305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Hou L, Zhang S, Qi D, Jia T, Wang H, Zhang W, Wei S, Xue C, Wang P. Correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease patients: A retrospective study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:925218. [PMID: 35989913 PMCID: PMC9391025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.925218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an objective and convenient parameter of systemic inflammation. Elevated NLR is associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (CI) in the elderly. However, few data are available on the impact of the NLR on CI in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods A total of 66 CSVD subjects with CI and 81 CSVD subjects without CI were evaluated in this study. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and cognitive parameters were collected. The NLR was obtained with the absolute neutrophil count being divided by the absolute lymphocyte count in fasting blood samples. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with CI. Receiver operating characteristic curves were illustrated to predict factors associated with CI in patients with CSVD. Results The NLR of the CI group was significantly higher than that of subjects without CI (2.59 vs. 2.21, P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, NLR was positively correlated to the CI (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.96, P = 0.024). It was suggested that the optimum NLR cutoff point for CI was 1.89 with 69.7% sensitivity and 59.3% specificity. Subjects with NLR ≥ 1.89 showed higher possibilities of CI compared to those with NLR < 1.89 (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.62–7.07). Conclusions Correlations were found between NLR and CI. Patients with CSVD who have higher NLR might have an increased risk of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
- Baoding City Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Baoding, China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Dandan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Tongle Jia
- Baoding City Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Conglong Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
- Baoding City Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Pei Wang
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Dou M, Cen Y, Zhong J, Chen G, Wei Q, Zeng Y, Lu X. Association between frailty index based on routine laboratory tests and risk of cerebral small vessel disease in elderly patients: a hospital-based observational study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2683-2692. [PMID: 35925517 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between frailty and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains controversial due to the use of different methods to assess frailty, including physical frailty phenotype and frailty scores containing measures of cognition. A frailty index based on laboratory tests (FI-Lab), which assesses frailty by the combination of routine laboratory measures and several vital signs, is independent of cognition and function status. We aimed to evaluate the association of FI-Lab with CSVD. METHODS An observational study was carried out in a hospitalized cohort of older patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA. The FI-Lab was constructed by 20 routine laboratory tests, plus systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure. Manifestations of CSVD including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), silent lacunar infarcts, microbleed, enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), as well as deep brain atrophy, were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An ordinal score system constructed by WMH, EPVS, silent lacunar infarcts, and microbleed was used to reflect the total burden of CSVD. The associations between FI-lab and CSVD were examined by logistic regression analysis and ordinal regression. RESULTS A total of 398 patients were recruited from January 2016 to December 2018. The mean FI-Lab value was 0.26 ± 0.11. The prevalence of extensive periventricular WMH, extensive deep WMH, extensive basal ganglia EPVS, extensive centrum semiovale EPVS, silent lacunar infarcts, and deep microbleed was 26.1, 66.6, 68.6, 80.7, 32.9, and 6.5%, respectively. A higher FI-Lab value was associated with increased risks of extensive deep WMH (OR = 1.622; 95% CI, 1.253 ~ 2.100), extensive basal ganglia EPVS (OR = 1.535; 95% CI, 1.187 ~ 1.985), extensive centrum semiovale EPVS (OR = 1.584; 95% CI, 1.167 ~ 2.151), silent lacunar infarcts (OR = 1.273; 95% CI, 1.007 ~ 1.608), and higher total burden of CSVD. These associations remained after the adjustment of potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a higher FI-Lab score might be associated with the presence of WMH, EPVS, silent lacunar infarcts, as well as severe total CSVD burden in older patients with minor stroke or TIA. The FI-Lab provides a basis for the prediction of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Dou
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300#, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yan Cen
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300#, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300#, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanying Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300#, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300#, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Cliteur MP, Sondag L, Wolsink A, Rasing I, Meijer FJA, Jolink WMT, Wermer MJH, Klijn CJM, Schreuder FHBM. Cerebral small vessel disease and perihematomal edema formation in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2022; 13:949133. [PMID: 35968312 PMCID: PMC9372363 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.949133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The formation of perihematomal edema (PHE) is presumed to reflect acute BBB permeability following ICH. We aimed to assess the association between cSVD burden and PHE formation in patients with spontaneous ICH. Methods We selected patients with spontaneous ICH who underwent 3T MRI imaging within 21 days after symptom onset from a prospective observational multicenter cohort study. We rated markers of cSVD (white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, lacunes and cerebral microbleeds) and calculated the composite score as a measure of the total cSVD burden. Perihematomal edema formation was measured using the edema extension distance (EED). We assessed the association between the cSVD burden and the EED using a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, (log-transformed) ICH volume, ICH location (lobar vs. non-lobar), and interval between symptom onset and MRI. Results We included 85 patients (mean age 63.5 years, 75.3% male). Median interval between symptom onset and MRI imaging was 6 days (IQR 1–19). Median ICH volume was 17.0 mL (IQR 1.4–88.6), and mean EED was 0.54 cm (SD 0.17). We found no association between the total cSVD burden and EED (B = −0.003, 95% CI −0.003–0.03, p = 0.83), nor for any of the individual radiological cSVD markers. Conclusion We found no association between the cSVD burden and PHE formation. This implies that mechanisms other than BBB dysfunction are involved in the pathophysiology of PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike P. Cliteur
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Sondag
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Axel Wolsink
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Rasing
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - F. J. A. Meijer
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke J. H. Wermer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. M. Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Floris H. B. M. Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Floris H. B. M. Schreuder
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Teng Z, Feng J, Liu R, Ji Y, Xu J, Jiang X, Chen H, Dong Y, Meng N, Xiao Y, Xie X, Lv P. Cerebral small vessel disease mediates the association between homocysteine and cognitive function. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:868777. [PMID: 35912072 PMCID: PMC9335204 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relations of serum total homocysteine (tHcy) with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and cognitive function and evaluate whether CSVD mediates the effect of serum tHcy on cognitive function. Methods A total of 1,033 consecutive eligible participants who received serum tHcy, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological assessment were included in this retrospective study. White matter hyperintensity, lacune, cerebral microbleed, and enlarged perivascular space were evaluated based on brain MRI. We used multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis, and mediation analyses to assess the relations of serum tHcy with CSVD and cognitive function. Results Serum tHcy levels were higher in patients with cognitive impairment than those with no cognitive impairment. Logistic regression analyses showed elevated serum tHcy was associated with cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR): 10.475; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.522 to 24.264; p < 0.001] and a higher CSVD burden score (OR: 17.151; 95% CI: 8.785 to 33.921; p < 0.001) after adjusting potential confounders. Compared with the lowest tHcy quartile, the multivariable-adjusted OR of the highest quartile was 4.851 (95% CI: 3.152 to 7.466; p for the trend < 0.001) for cognitive impairment, 3.862 (95% CI: 2.467 to 6.047; p for the trend < 0.001) for a severe CSVD burden score. Mediation analyses showed significant moderating effects (9.3–23.6%) by different imaging markers of CSVD on the association between higher serum tHcy levels and cognitive impairment. Conclusion Elevated serum tHcy is associated with cognitive impairment and the development of CSVD. A proportion of the association between elevated serum tHcy and cognitive impairment may be attributed to the presence of different imaging markers of CSVD, especially the severe CSVD burden score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Teng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifan Ji
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyuan Lv,
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Yao D, Li S, Jing J, Cai X, Jin A, Yang Y, Wang S, Meng X, Lin J, Mei L, Li H, Wei T, Wang Y, Pan Y, Wang Y. Association of Serum Cystatin C With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Community-Based Population. Stroke 2022; 53:3123-3132. [PMID: 35862202 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C levels and the presence and severity of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).
METHODS:
Community-dwelling residents in the Lishui city in China from the cross-sectional survey of the PRECISE (Poly-Vascular Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events) cohort study were included in present study from 2017 to 2019. Total CSVD burden and modified total CSVD burden score, as well as the markers of CSVD on magnetic resonance imaging, including white matter hyperintensity, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, and perivascular spaces, were assessed at baseline survey. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to the quartiles of cystatin C. The association of serum cystatin C with total CSVD burden and imaging markers was analyzed using ordinal or binary logistic regression models. Furthermore, 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to investigate the genetically predicted effect of cystatin C on CSVD.
RESULTS:
A total of 3061 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 61.2±6.7 years, and 1637 (53.5%) were women. Higher level of cystatin C was associated with an increased total CSVD burden and modified total CSVD burden (Q4 versus Q1: common odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.03–1.64] and 1.32 [95% CI, 1.01–1.73]) after adjustment for covariates. Further, compared with the first quartile of cystatin C, subjects in the last quartile had higher risk of lacunes (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.05–3.76]), modified white matter hyperintensity burden (common OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.07–1.90]), and moderate-to-severe perivascular spaces (OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.29–3.59]) but not cerebral microbleeds. The Mendelian randomization analysis showed that a genetically predicted higher cystatin C level was associated with increased risk of lacunar stroke (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.06–1.27]).
CONCLUSIONS:
In this community-based study, we found a possible association between cystatin C and CSVD, especially for lacunes, that was independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Shan Li
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (S.L., S.W., L.M.)
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (X.C.)
| | - Aoming Jin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Suying Wang
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (S.L., S.W., L.M.)
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Jinxi Lin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Lerong Mei
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (S.L., S.W., L.M.)
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Tiemin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. (T.W.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (D.Y., J.J., A.J., Y.Y., X.M., J.L., H.L., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
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Shan LL, Wang YL, Qiao TC, Bian YF, Huo YJ, Guo C, Liu QY, Yang ZD, Li ZZ, Liu MY, Han Y. Association of Serum Interleukin-8 and Serum Amyloid A With Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:938655. [PMID: 35923828 PMCID: PMC9341200 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.938655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a clinical syndrome caused by pathological changes in small vessels. Anxiety is a common symptom of CSVD. Previous studies have reported the association between inflammatory factors and anxiety in other diseases, but this association in patients with CSVD remains uncovered. Our study aimed to investigate whether serum inflammatory factors correlated with anxiety in patients with CSVD. Methods A total of 245 CSVD patients confirmed using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recruited from December 2019 to December 2021. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) was used to assess the anxiety symptoms of CSVD patients. Patients with HAMA scores ≥7 were considered to have anxiety symptoms. The serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected. We compared levels of inflammatory factors between the anxiety and non-anxiety groups. Logistic regression analyses examined the correlation between inflammatory factors and anxiety symptoms. We further performed a gender subgroup analysis to investigate whether this association differed by gender. Results In the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis model, we found that lower levels of IL-8 were linked to a higher risk of anxiety symptoms. Moreover, higher levels of SAA were linked to a lower risk of anxiety symptoms. Our study identified sex-specific effects, and the correlation between IL-8 and anxiety symptoms remained significant among males, while the correlation between SAA and anxiety symptoms remained significant among females. Conclusions In this study, we found a suggestive association between IL-8, SAA, and anxiety symptoms in CSVD participants. Furthermore, IL-8 and SAA may have a sex-specific relationship with anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Shan
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Georgetown Preparatory School, North Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tian-Ci Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Feng Bian
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jing Huo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Dong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Zhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ming-Yuan Liu
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Han ; orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-0906
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Rascle L, Nighoghossian N, Cho TH, Bochaton T, Paccalet A, Da Silva CC, Buisson M, Amaz C, Fontaine J, Ong E, Derex L, Berthezene Y, Eker OF, Mewton N, Ovize M, Mechtouff L. Inflammatory profile and white matter hyperintensity burden in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 371:577934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kuipers S, Overmars LM, van Es B, de Bresser J, Bron EE, Hoefer IE, Kappelle LJ, Teunissen CE, Biessels GJ, Haitjema S. A cluster of blood-based protein biomarkers reflecting coagulation relates to the burden of cerebral small vessel disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1282-1293. [PMID: 35086368 PMCID: PMC9207498 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes underlying cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) are largely unknown. We hypothesized that identification of clusters of inter-related bood-based biomarkers that are associated with the burden of cSVD provides leads on underlying biological processes. In 494 participants (mean age 67.6 ± 8.7 years; 36% female; 75% cardiovascular diseases; 25% reference participants) we assessed the relation between 92 blood-based biomarkers from the OLINK cardiovascular III panel and cSVD, using cluster-based analyses. We focused particularly on white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Nineteen biomarkers individually correlated with WMH ratio (r range: 0.16-0.27, Bonferroni corrected p-values <0.05), of which sixteen biomarkers formed one biomarker cluster. Pathway analysis showed that this biomarker cluster predominantly reflected coagulation processes. This cluster related also significantly to other cSVD manifestations (lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular spaces), which supports generalizability beyond WMHs. To study possible causal effects of biological processes reflected by the cluster we performed a mediation analysis that showed a mediation effect of the cluster on the relation between age and WMH ratio (proportion mediated 17%), and hypertension and WMH-volume (proportion mediated 21%). In conclusion, we identified a cluster of blood-based biomarkers reflecting coagulation, that is related to manifestations of cSVD, corroborating involvement of coagulation abnormalities in the etiology of cSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Kuipers
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Malin Overmars
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van Es
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Bresser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Esther E Bron
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Jaap Kappelle
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Del Cuore A, Pacinella G, Riolo R, Tuttolomondo A. The Role of Immunosenescence in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137136. [PMID: 35806140 PMCID: PMC9266569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the most important causes of vascular dementia. Immunosenescence and inflammatory response, with the involvement of the cerebrovascular system, constitute the basis of this disease. Immunosenescence identifies a condition of deterioration of the immune organs and consequent dysregulation of the immune response caused by cellular senescence, which exposes older adults to a greater vulnerability. A low-grade chronic inflammation status also accompanies it without overt infections, an “inflammaging” condition. The correlation between immunosenescence and inflammaging is fundamental in understanding the pathogenesis of age-related CSVD (ArCSVD). The production of inflammatory mediators caused by inflammaging promotes cellular senescence and the decrease of the adaptive immune response. Vice versa, the depletion of the adaptive immune mechanisms favours the stimulation of the innate immune system and the production of inflammatory mediators leading to inflammaging. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation promoted by senescent innate immune cells, oxidative stress and impairment of microglia functions constitute, therefore, the framework within which small vessel disease develops: it is a concatenation of molecular events that promotes the decline of the central nervous system and cognitive functions slowly and progressively. Because the causative molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, the road of scientific research is stretched in this direction, seeking to discover other aberrant processes and ensure therapeutic tools able to enhance the life expectancy of people affected by ArCSVD. Although the concept of CSVD is broader, this manuscript focuses on describing the neurobiological basis and immune system alterations behind cerebral aging. Furthermore, the purpose of our work is to detect patients with CSVD at an early stage, through the evaluation of precocious MRI changes and serum markers of inflammation, to treat untimely risk factors that influence the burden and the worsening of the cerebral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Del Cuore
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialised Medicine (PROMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (A.T.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-655-2197
| | - Gaetano Pacinella
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialised Medicine (PROMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (A.T.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata Riolo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialised Medicine (PROMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (A.T.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialised Medicine (PROMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (A.T.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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127
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Stanne TM, Angerfors A, Andersson B, Brännmark C, Holmegaard L, Jern C. Longitudinal Study Reveals Long-Term Proinflammatory Proteomic Signature After Ischemic Stroke Across Subtypes. Stroke 2022; 53:2847-2858. [PMID: 35686557 PMCID: PMC9389938 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.038349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes both to the pathogenesis of stroke and the response to brain injury. We aimed to identify proteins reflecting the acute-phase response and proteins more likely to reflect proinflammatory processes present before stroke by broadly profiling inflammation-related plasma proteins in a longitudinal ischemic stroke study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Stanne
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.M.S., A.A., C.B., C.J.)
| | - Annelie Angerfors
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.M.S., A.A., C.B., C.J.)
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (B.A.)
| | - Cecilia Brännmark
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.M.S., A.A., C.B., C.J.)
| | - Lukas Holmegaard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (L.H.).,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden. (L.H.)
| | - Christina Jern
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.M.S., A.A., C.B., C.J.).,Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden. (C.J.)
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128
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Rahmani B, Ghashghayi E, Zendehdel M, Baghbanzadeh A, Khodadadi M. Molecular mechanisms highlighting the potential role of COVID-19 in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiol Int 2022; 109:135-162. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to the pulmonary manifestations, COVID-19 patients may present a wide range of neurological disorders as extrapulmonary presentations. In this view, several studies have recently documented the worsening of neurological symptoms within COVID-19 morbidity in patients previously diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Moreover, several cases have also been reported in which the patients presented parkinsonian features after initial COVID-19 symptoms. These data raise a major concern about the possibility of communication between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the initiation and/or worsening of NDs. In this review, we have collected compelling evidence suggesting SARS-CoV-2, as an environmental factor, may be capable of developing NDs. In this respect, the possible links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and molecular pathways related to most NDs and the pathophysiological mechanisms of the NDs such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Rahmani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ghashghayi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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129
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Systemic Inflammation Predicts Alzheimer Pathology in Community Samples without Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061240. [PMID: 35740262 PMCID: PMC9219863 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unclear at what stage of the disease process inflammation first becomes manifest. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between specific plasma markers of inflammation and OS, tau, and Amyloid-β 38, 40, and 42 levels in cognitively unimpaired middle-age and older individuals. Associations between inflammatory states identified through principal component analysis and AD biomarkers were investigated in middle-age (52–56 years, n = 335, 52% female) and older-age (72–76 years, n = 351, 46% female) participants without dementia. In middle-age, a component reflecting variation in OS was most strongly associated with tau and to a lesser extent amyloid-β levels. In older-age, a similar component to that observed in middle-age was only associated with tau, while another component reflecting heightened inflammation independent of OS, was associated with all AD biomarkers. In middle and older-age, inflammation and OS states are associated with plasma AD biomarkers.
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130
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Wang J, Zhou Y, He Y, Li Q, Zhang W, Luo Z, Xue R, Lou M. Impact of different white matter hyperintensities patterns on cognition: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102978. [PMID: 35255417 PMCID: PMC8897653 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are highly prevalent in older adults and considered to be a contributor to cognition impairment. However, the strategic WMH lesion distribution related to cognitive impairment is still debated. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial patterns of WMH associated with cognitive impairment and explore its risk factors. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in two centers. WHM was classified into four patterns based on T2 FLAIR as follows: (1) multiple subcortical spots (multi-spots); (2) peri-basal ganglia (peri-BG); (3) anterior subcortical patches (anterior SC patches); and (4) posterior subcortical patches (posterior SC patches). We cross-sectionally and longitudinally estimated associations between different WMH patterns and all-cause dementia and cognitive decline. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was followed to identify risk factors of WMH patterns related to cognitive impairment. RESULTS A total of 442 patients with WMH were enrolled, with average age of 71.6 ± 11.3 years, and MMSE score of 24.1 ± 5.4. Among them, 281 (63.6%), 66 (14.9%), 163 (36.9%) and 197 (44.6%) patients presented multi-spots, peri-BG, anterior SC patches and posterior SC patches, respectively. Patients with anterior SC patches were more likely to have all-cause dementia in cross-sectional study (OR 2.002; 95% CI 1.098-3.649; p = 0.024), and have cognitive decline in longitudinal analysis (OR 3.029; 95% CI 1.270-7.223; p = 0.012). Four patterns of WMH referred to different cognitive domains, and anterior SC patches had the most significant and extensive impact on cognition after Bonferroni multiple comparison correction (all p < 0.0125). In addition, older age (OR 1.054; 95% CI 1.027-1.082; p < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.956; 95% CI 1.145-3.341; p = 0.014), higher percentage of neutrophils (OR 1.046; 95% CI 1.014-1.080; p = 0.005) and lower concentration of hemoglobin (OR 0.983; 95% CI 0.967-1.000; p = 0.044) were risk factors for the presence of anterior SC patches. CONCLUSIONS Different patterns of subcortical leukoaraiosis visually identified on MRI might have different impacts on cognitive impairment. Further studies should be undertaken to validate this simple visual classification of WMH in different population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, #12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaode He
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Luo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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131
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Brown RB, Tozer DJ, Loubière L, Hong YT, Fryer TD, Williams GB, Graves MJ, Aigbirhio FI, O’Brien JT, Markus HS. MINocyclinE to Reduce inflammation and blood brain barrier leakage in small Vessel diseAse (MINERVA) trial study protocol. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:323-330. [PMID: 36082255 PMCID: PMC9445404 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment. Recent data has implicated neuroinflammation and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in its pathogenesis, but whether such processes are causal and can be therapeutically modified is uncertain. In a rodent model of SVD, minocycline was associated with reduced white matter lesions, inflammation and BBB permeability. Aims: To determine whether blood-brain barrier permeability (measured using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI) and microglial activation (measured by positron emission tomography using the radioligand 11C-PK11195) can be modified in SVD. Design: Phase II randomised double blind, placebo-controlled trial of minocycline 100 mg twice daily for 3 months in 44 participants with moderate to severe SVD defined as a clinical lacunar stroke and confluent white matter hyperintensities. Outcomes: Primary outcome measures are volume and intensity of focal increases of blood-brain barrier permeability and microglial activation determined using PET-MRI imaging. Secondary outcome measures include inflammatory biomarkers in serum, and change in conventional MRI markers and cognitive performance over 1 year follow up. Discussion: The MINERVA trial aims to test whether minocycline can influence novel pathological processes thought to be involved in SVD progression, and will provide insights into whether central nervous system inflammation in SVD can be therapeutically modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B Brown
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel J Tozer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence Loubière
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guy B Williams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John T O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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132
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Janssen E, ter Telgte A, Verburgt E, de Jong JJA, Marques JP, Kessels RPC, Backes WH, Maas MC, Meijer FJA, Deinum J, Riksen NP, Tuladhar AM, de Leeuw FE. The Hyperintense study: Assessing the effects of induced blood pressure increase and decrease on MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease: Study rationale and protocol. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:331-338. [PMID: 36082259 PMCID: PMC9446329 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) are common in
older individuals, but the pathophysiological mechanisms causing these
lesions remain poorly understood. Although hypertension is a major risk
factor for SVD, the direct causal effects of increased blood pressure are
unknown. The Hyperintense study is designed to examine cerebrovascular and
structural abnormalities, possibly preceding SVD, in young adults with
hypertension. These patients undergo a diagnostic work-up that requires
patients to temporarily discontinue their antihypertensive agents, often
leading to an increase in blood pressure followed by a decrease once
effective medication is restarted. This allows examination of the effects of
blood pressure increase and decrease on the cerebral small vessels. Methods: Hyperintense is a prospective observational cohort study in 50 hypertensive
adults (18–55 years) who will temporarily discontinue antihypertensive
medication for diagnostic purposes. MRI and clinical data is collected at
four timepoints: before medication withdrawal (baseline), once
antihypertensives are largely or completely withdrawn
(T = 1), when patients have restarted medication
(T = 2) and reached target blood pressure and 1 year
later (T = 3). The 3T MRI protocol includes conventional
structural sequences and advanced techniques to assess various aspects of
microvascular integrity, including blood-brain barrier function using
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI, white matter integrity, and microperfusion.
Clinical assessments include motor and cognitive examinations and blood
sampling. Discussion: The Hyperintense study will improve the understanding of the
pathophysiological mechanisms following hypertension that may cause SVD.
This knowledge can ultimately help to identify new targets for treatment of
SVD, aimed at prevention or limiting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Janssen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Esmée Verburgt
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost JA de Jong
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - José P Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy PC Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix C Maas
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick JA Meijer
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Deinum
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jiang L, Cai X, Yao D, Jing J, Mei L, Yang Y, Li S, Jin A, Meng X, Li H, Wei T, Wang Y, Pan Y, Wang Y. Association of inflammatory markers with cerebral small vessel disease in community-based population. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:106. [PMID: 35513834 PMCID: PMC9072153 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the relationships of neutrophil count (NC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods A total of 3052 community-dwelling residents from the Poly-vasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE) study were involved in this cross-sectional study. CSVD burden and imaging markers, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia (BG-EPVS), were assessed according to total CSVD burden score. The associations of NC, NLR and SII with CSVD and imaging markers were evaluated using logistic regression models. Furthermore, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to investigate the genetically predicted effect of NC on CSVD. The prognostic performances of NC, NLR and SII for the presence of CSVD were assessed. Results At baseline, the mean age was 61.2 ± 6.7 years, and 53.5% of the participants were female. Higher NC was suggestively associated with increased total CSVD burden and modified total CSVD burden (Q4 vs. Q1: common odds ratio (cOR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.05–1.70; cOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.02–1.60) and marginally correlated with the presence of CSVD (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.00–1.66). Furthermore, elevated NC was linked to a higher risk of lacune (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.25–3.62) and moderate-to-severe BG-EPVS (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.14–2.44). A greater NLR was related to moderate-to-severe BG-EPVS (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.16–2.45). Individuals with a higher SII had an increased risk of modified WMH burden (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.69) and moderate-to-severe BG-EPVS (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.20–2.41). MR analysis showed that genetically predicted higher NC was associated with an increased risk of lacunar stroke (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.39) and small vessel stroke (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06–1.38). The addition of NC to the basic model with traditional risk factors improved the predictive ability for the presence of CSVD, as validated by the net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index (all p < 0.05). Conclusions This community-based population study found a suggestive association between NC and CSVD, especially for BG-EPVS and lacune, and provided evidence supporting the prognostic significance of NC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02468-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Dongxiao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Lerong Mei
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Shan Li
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Aoming Jin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Tiemin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
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134
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Cerebral small vessel disease alters neurovascular unit regulation of microcirculation integrity involved in vascular cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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135
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Low A, Prats-Sedano MA, Stefaniak JD, McKiernan EF, Carter SF, Douvani ME, Mak E, Su L, Stupart O, Muniz G, Ritchie K, Ritchie CW, Markus HS, O'Brien JT. CAIDE dementia risk score relates to severity and progression of cerebral small vessel disease in healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:481-490. [PMID: 35135868 PMCID: PMC9016254 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Markers of cerebrovascular disease are common in dementia, and may be present before dementia onset. However, their clinical relevance in midlife adults at risk of future dementia remains unclear. We investigated whether the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Ageing and Dementia (CAIDE) risk score was associated with markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), and if it predicted future progression of SVD. We also determined its relationship to systemic inflammation, which has been additionally implicated in dementia and SVD. METHODS Cognitively healthy midlife participants were assessed at baseline (n=185) and 2-year follow-up (n=158). To assess SVD, we quantified white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), microbleeds and lacunes. We derived composite scores of SVD burden, and subtypes of hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Inflammation was quantified using serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. RESULTS At baseline, higher CAIDE scores were associated with all markers of SVD and inflammation. Longitudinally, CAIDE scores predicted greater total (p<0.001), periventricular (p<0.001) and deep (p=0.012) WMH progression, and increased CRP (p=0.017). Assessment of individual CAIDE components suggested that markers were driven by different risk factors (WMH/EPVS: age/hypertension, lacunes/deep microbleeds: hypertension/obesity). Interaction analyses demonstrated that higher CAIDE scores amplified the effect of age on SVD, and the effect of WMH on poorer memory. CONCLUSION Higher CAIDE scores, indicating greater risk of dementia, predicts future progression of both WMH and systemic inflammation. Findings highlight the CAIDE score's potential as both a prognostic and predictive marker in the context of cerebrovascular disease, identifying at-risk individuals who might benefit most from managing modifiable risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Low
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria A Prats-Sedano
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James D Stefaniak
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen F Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria-Eleni Douvani
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elijah Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Olivia Stupart
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Tiernan O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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136
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Custodero C, Ciavarella A, Panza F, Gnocchi D, Lenato GM, Lee J, Mazzocca A, Sabbà C, Solfrizzi V. Role of inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. GeroScience 2022; 44:1373-1392. [PMID: 35486344 PMCID: PMC9213626 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a clinical label encompassing a wide range of cognitive disorders progressing from mild to major vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which is also defined as vascular dementia (VaD). VaD diagnosis is mainly based on clinical and imaging findings. Earlier biomarkers are needed to identify subjects at risk to develop mild VCI and VaD. In the present meta-analysis, we comprehensively evaluated the role of inflammatory biomarkers in differential diagnosis between VaD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and assessed their prognostic value on predicting VaD incidence. We collected literature until January 31, 2021, assessing three inflammatory markers [interleukin(IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Thirteen cross-sectional and seven prospective studies were included. Blood IL-6 levels were cross-sectionally significantly higher in people with VaD compared to AD patients (SMD: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.62) with low heterogeneity (I2: 41%, p = 0.13). Higher IL-6 levels were also associated to higher risk of incident VaD (relative risk: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.59, I2: 0%). IL-6 in CSF was significantly higher in people with VaD compared to healthy subjects (SMD: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.37, I2: 70%), and not compared to AD patients, but due to limited evidence and high inconsistency across studies, we could not draw definite conclusion. Higher blood IL-6 levels might represent a useful biomarker able to differentiate people with VaD from those with AD and might be correlated with higher risk of future VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Custodero
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ciavarella
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Population Health Unit-"Salus In Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Gnocchi
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro M Lenato
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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137
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Wei C, Yu X, Wang L, Jiang J, Dai Q, Kang Y, Li J, Chen X. Can hyperuricemia predict the progression risk of cerebral small vessel disease? Neurol Res 2022; 44:910-917. [PMID: 35475780 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2067707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Uric acid (UA) may play a crucial role in the process of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), but few follow-up studies have focused on the effect of UA in the progression of SVD. The present study aimed to ascertain whether serum UA levels are associated with the risk of SVD progression. METHODS We performed an observational clinical study in adults older than 45 years with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 30 October 2015, to 28 January 2021. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether their total burden of SVD scores increased or not during the follow-up: SVD progression (increased by at least one point) and without SVD progression (increased 0 points). Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used for univariate analysis between groups to identify the risk factors for SVD progression. RESULTS Ultimately, 261 eligible patients were included in the final analysis. Of the 261 eligible patients, 73 were included in the SVD progression group, and 188 were included in the group without SVD progression. Correlation analysis found that the levels of UA and the ratio of hyperuricemia (HUA) showed statistically significant correlations with SVD progression risk (r = 0.197 and Crammer's V = 0.213, respectively, P < 0.01). Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that after adjustment for covariates, HUA was an independent risk factor for the incidence of SVD progression. The risk of SVD progression in patients with HUA was higher than that in those without HUA (HR (95% CI), 1.77 (1.03-3.05), P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High serum UA levels are independently related to the risk of SVD progression, thus highlighting not only the influence of traditional risk factors such as hypertension and age on SVD but also the UA levels of patients for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunsheng Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junrong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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138
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Li Y, Wang W, Yang H, Guo W, Feng J, Yang D, Guo L, Tan G. Negative correlation between early recovery and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels after intravenous thrombolysis. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221093303. [PMID: 35441552 PMCID: PMC9047848 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221093303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is considered a biomarker
for systemic inflammation and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.
However, little is known about the effect of acute vascular events on marker
levels. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential association of
early recovery with Lp-PLA2 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke
(AIS) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods Forty-three consecutive AIS patients who had their first stroke and were
hospitalized within 5 hours of the onset of stroke were enrolled. All
patients were treated with IVT using alteplase or urokinase. Plasma Lp-PLA2
levels were measured within 24 hours after IVT. Variables that showed a
significant association with Lp-PLA2 in univariate analysis were included in
the multivariate ordered logistic regression model. Results Early recovery was associated with Lp-PLA2 levels after IVT, and Lp-PLA2
levels tended to decrease with increased probability of early recovery. This
study is the first to report a negative correlation between early recovery
and Lp-PLA2 levels after IVT. Conclusion Early recovery after IVT was negatively correlated with Lp-PLA2 A2
levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050000, China.,Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063000, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063000, China
| | - Weiheng Guo
- Department of Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050000, China
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063000, China
| | - Dejiu Yang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063000, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050000, China
| | - Guojun Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050000, China
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139
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Cheng Z, Zhang W, Zhan Z, Xia L, Han Z. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Prognosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2511-2525. [PMID: 35435301 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers and the total CSVD burden are associated with functional outcome, mortality, stroke recurrence, and hematoma expansion in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS Following a previously registered protocol (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42021287743), we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE to identify relevant literature up to November 2021. Cohort studies that examined the association between CSVD markers (white matter hyperintensity [WMH], lacune, enlarged perivascular space [EPVS], cerebral microbleed [CMB], and brain atrophy) or CSVD burden and prognosis in patients with ICH were included. The pooled estimates were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS Forty-one studies with 19,752 ICH patients were pooled in the meta-analysis. WMH (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.32 to 1.70), lacune (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.49), CMB (OR=2.60, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.97) and brain atrophy (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.48 to 3.31) were associated with worse functional outcome. CSVD markers concerning increased risk of mortality were WMH (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.38 to 1.79) and brain atrophy (OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.11 to 3.04), while concerning increased risk of stroke recurrence were WMH (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.28 to 2.04) and lacune (OR=3.00, 95% CI=1.68 to 5.37). EPVS was not related to prognosis. There was a lack of association between CSVD markers and hematoma expansion. CSVD burden increased the risk of worse functional outcome, mortality, and stroke recurrence by 57%, 150%, and 44%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with spontaneous ICH, WMH, lacune, CMB, brain atrophy, and the total CSVD burden are associated with substantially increased risk of worse functional outcome, mortality, or stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Yueqing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingfan Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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140
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Bai T, Yu S, Feng J. Advances in the Role of Endothelial Cells in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:861714. [PMID: 35481273 PMCID: PMC9035937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.861714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) poses a serious socio-economic burden due to its high prevalence and severe impact on the quality of life of elderly patients. Pathological changes in CSVD mainly influence small cerebral arteries, microarteries, capillaries, and small veins, which are usually caused by multiple vascular risk factors. CSVD is often identified on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by recent small subcortical infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, lacune, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVSs), and brain atrophy. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is earlier than clinical symptoms. Immune activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress may be potential mechanisms of EC injury. ECs of the blood–brain–barrier (BBB) are the most important part of the neurovascular unit (NVU) that ensures constant blood flow to the brain. Impaired cerebral vascular autoregulation and disrupted BBB cause cumulative brain damage. This review will focus on the role of EC injury in CSVD. Furthermore, several specific biomarkers will be discussed, which may be useful for us to assess the endothelial dysfunction and explore new therapeutic directions.
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141
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Xu J, Mo J, Zhang X, Chen Z, Pan Y, Yan H, Meng X, Wang Y. Nontraditional Risk Factors for Residual Recurrence Risk in Patients with Ischemic Stroke of Different Etiologies. Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 51:630-638. [PMID: 35390802 DOI: 10.1159/000523919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE With the popularization of guideline-based secondary prevention based on traditional risk factors, rates of stroke recurrence reduced greatly after ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), but the residual risk still exists. We aim to evaluate which IS subtype benefits the most from the current secondary prevention and to evaluate nontraditional risk factors for residual recurrence risk of different IS etiologies. METHODS The study included IS/TIA patients who participated in both biomarker substudy and imaging substudy of the Third China National Stroke Registry. We used 5 guideline-recommended interventions (antiplatelet, statins, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic therapies) to document the performance of secondary prevention care. Residual risk was defined as the risk of stroke recurrence despite adherence to these 5 guideline-based secondary prevention strategies. Risk factors associated with stroke recurrence were analyzed by using Cox regression models. RESULTS In total, 9,733 patients were included in this study. At 3 months, 4,186 (43.0%) patients adhered to 5 secondary prevention strategies, and the residual risk of recurrence was 5.1%. According to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment subtypes, cardioembolism benefited the most from current secondary prevention (relative risk reduction: 65.2%), followed by large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (29.0%) and small-artery occlusion (SAO) (20.0%). Despite adhering to secondary prevention strategies, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and impaired renal function were independent risk factors for the residual recurrence risk of LAA subtype, while IL-6 and trimethylamine N-oxide significantly contributed to the residual risk of SAO subtype. CONCLUSIONS LAA and SAO subtypes own the specific nontraditional risk factors while inflammation is a common risk factor for residual recurrence risk of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglin Mo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Zimo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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142
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Characterization of cerebral small vessel disease by neutrophil and platelet activation markers using artificial intelligence. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 367:577863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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143
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Zhang DD, Cao Y, Mu JY, Liu YM, Gao F, Han F, Zhai FF, Zhou LX, Ni J, Yao M, Li ML, Jin ZY, Zhang SY, Cui LY, Shen Y, Zhu YC. Inflammatory biomarkers and cerebral small vessel disease: a community-based cohort study. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2022; 7:302-309. [PMID: 35260438 PMCID: PMC9453831 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2021-001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Although inflammation has been proposed to be a candidate risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), previous findings remain largely inconclusive and vary according to disease status and study designs. The present study aimed to investigate possible associations between inflammatory biomarkers and MRI markers of CSVD. Methods A group of 15 serum inflammatory biomarkers representing a variety of those putatively involved in the inflammatory cascade was grouped and assessed in a cross-sectional study involving 960 stroke-free subjects. The biomarker panel was grouped as follows: systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α), endothelial-related inflammation (E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), CD40 ligand, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, chitinase-3-like-1 protein and total homocysteine (tHCY)) and media-related inflammation (matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3 and 9, and osteopontin). The association(s) between different inflammatory groups and white matter hyperintensity (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), enlarged perivascular space (PVS) and the number of deep medullary veins (DMVs) were investigated. Results High levels of serum endothelial-related inflammatory biomarkers were associated with both increased WMH volume (R2=0.435, p=0.015) and the presence of lacunes (R2=0.254, p=0.027). Backward stepwise elimination of individual inflammatory biomarkers for endothelial-related biomarkers revealed that VCAM-1 was significant for WMH (β=0.063, p=0.005) and tHCY was significant for lacunes (β=0.069, p<0.001). There was no association between any group of inflammatory biomarkers and CMBs or PVS. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers were associated with fewer DMVs (R2=0.032, p=0.006), and backward stepwise elimination of individual systemic-related inflammatory biomarkers revealed that hsCRP (β=−0.162, p=0.007) was significant. Conclusion WMH and lacunes were associated with endothelial-related inflammatory biomarkers, and fewer DMVs were associated with systemic inflammation, thus suggesting different underlying inflammatory processes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ding Zhang
- Central Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Mu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhai
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jin
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhou H, Hu J, Xie P, Dong Y, Chen W, Wu H, Jiang Y, Lei H, Luo G, Liu J. Lacunes and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a joint effect on cognitive impairment: a retrospective study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13069. [PMID: 35261824 PMCID: PMC8898547 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the joint effects of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD)-related imaging biomarkers in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cognitive impairment. Methods This study is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 227 participants (115 patients with T2DM and 112 healthy control subjects) were enrolled in this study. Cognitive function assessments were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The burden of CSVD markers, including the lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), was identified by magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated using small vessel disease (SVD) scores (0-4). The subjects were divided into two groups based on the results of the cognitive function assessments. The synergy index was used to estimate the biological interactions between T2DM and lacunes. Results There was a significant correlation between T2DM and cognitive impairment (p < 0.001, χ2 test). In patients with diabetes, cognitive impairment was significantly associated with both the presence of lacunes (p < 0.01, χ2 test) and increased total SVD burden scores (p < 0.01, χ2 test). Regarding CMBs, only the existence of lobar CMBs was correlated with cognitive impairment (p < 0.05, χ2 test). The joint effect tended to be larger than the independent effects of T2DM and lacunes on cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 7.084, 95% CI [2.836-17.698]; synergy index: 10.018, 95% CI [0.344-291.414]). Conclusions T2DM and the presence of lacunes are significantly correlated with cognitive impairment. There was a joint effect of T2DM and lacunes on cognitive impairment.
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Bernabe-Ortiz A, Carrillo-Larco RM, Gilman RH, Smeeth L, Checkley W, Miranda JJ. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality in four diverse populations: The CRONICAS Cohort Study. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 67:13-18. [PMID: 34923118 PMCID: PMC8960343 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between all-cause mortality and hs-CRP, based mainly on the cumulative burden approach. METHODS Cohort study with adults ≥35 years from general population, using hs-CRP at two timepoints: at baseline and 30 months later to establish different exposures: change over time, cumulative, and weighted cumulative hs-CRP. The outcome was all-cause mortality assessed 7 years later. Cox models were generated to quantify the association. RESULTS Data from 3,119 participants (mean age 55.6 years, and 51.2% females), were analyzed. During follow-up, 164 (5.6%) deaths occurred over 20,314.5 person-years, indicating an overall mortality rate of 8.1 per 1,000 person-years. In multivariable model, hs-CRP at baseline was associated with high risk of mortality (HR = 1.77; 95%CI: 1.28-2.46). Similarly, hs-CRP change over time (HR = 2.50; 95%CI: 1.46-4.29), as well as cumulative and weighted cumulative hs-CRP (HR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.31-3.20) were associated with greater risk of all-cause mortality. The weighted cumulative hs-CRP had the best goodness-of-fit for mortality prediction. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort across diverse geographical low-resource settings, high levels of hs-CRP were strongly associated with all-cause mortality. Two measurements of hs-CRP are better than one to predict mortality, and the weighted cumulative approach had the best prognostic fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - William Checkley
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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146
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Xin H, Wen H, Feng M, Gao Y, Sui C, Zhang N, Liang C, Guo L. Disrupted topological organization of resting-state functional brain networks in cerebral small vessel disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2607-2620. [PMID: 35166416 PMCID: PMC9057099 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate alterations in functional brain networks and assess the relationship between functional impairment and topological network changes in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with and without cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). We constructed individual whole‐brain, region of interest (ROI) level functional connectivity (FC) networks for 24 CSVD patients with CMBs (CSVD‐c), 42 CSVD patients without CMBs (CSVD‐n), and 36 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we used graph theory analysis to investigate the global and nodal topological disruptions between groups and relate network topological alterations to clinical parameters. We found that both the CSVD and control groups showed efficient small‐world organization in FC networks. However, compared to CSVD‐n patients and controls, CSVD‐c patients exhibited a significantly decreased clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency and an increased shortest path length, indicating a disrupted balance between local specialization and global integration in FC networks. Although both the CSVD and control groups showed highly similar hub distributions, the CSVD‐c group exhibited significantly altered nodal betweenness centrality (BC), mainly distributed in the default mode network (DMN), attention, and visual functional areas. There were almost no global or regional alterations between CSVD‐n patients and controls. Furthermore, the altered nodal BC of the right anterior/posterior cingulate gyrus and left cuneus were significantly correlated with cognitive parameters in CSVD patients. These results suggest that CSVD patients with and without CMBs had segregated disruptions in the topological organization of the intrinsic functional brain network. This study advances our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Xin
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yian Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chaofan Sui
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changhu Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingfei Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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147
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Yuan J, Chen L, Wang J, Xia S, Huang J, Zhou L, Feng C, Hu X, Zhou Z, Ran H. Adenosine A2A Receptor Suppressed Astrocyte-Mediated Inflammation Through the Inhibition of STAT3/YKL-40 Axis in Mice With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-induced White Matter Lesions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841290. [PMID: 35237278 PMCID: PMC8882648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter lesions are an important pathological manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease, with inflammation playing a pivotal role in their development. The adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) is known to inhibit the inflammation mediated by microglia, but its effect on astrocytes is unknown. Additionally, although the level of YKL-40 (expressed mainly in astrocytes) has been shown to be elevated in the model of white matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, the specific regulatory mechanism involved is not clear. In this study, we established in vivo and in vitro chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models to explore whether the ADORA2A regulated astrocyte-mediated inflammation through STAT3/YKL-40 axis and using immunohistochemical, western blotting, ELISA, PCR, and other techniques to verify the effect of astrocytes ADORA2A on the white matter injury. The in vivo experiments showed that activation of the ADORA2A decreased the expression of both STAT3 and YKL-40 in the astrocytes and alleviated the white matter injury, whereas its inhibition had the opposite effects. Similarly, ADORA2A inhibition significantly increased the expression of STAT3 and YKL-40 in astrocytes in vitro, with more proinflammatory cytokines being released by astrocytes. STAT3 inhibition enhanced the inhibitory effect of ADORA2A on YKL-40 synthesis, whereas its activation reversed the phenomenon. These results suggest that the activation of ADORA2A in astrocytes can inhibit the inflammation mediated by the STAT3/YKL-40 axis and thereby reduce white matter injury in cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Simin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Linke Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjian Feng
- Department of Medical Engineering, 958th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Ran, ; Zhenhua Zhou, ; Xiaofei Hu,
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Ran, ; Zhenhua Zhou, ; Xiaofei Hu,
| | - Hong Ran
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Ran, ; Zhenhua Zhou, ; Xiaofei Hu,
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148
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Shan W, Xu L, Xu Y, Qiu Z, Feng J, Zhao J, Wang J. Leukoaraiosis Mediates the Association of Total White Blood Cell Count With Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2022; 12:793435. [PMID: 35185753 PMCID: PMC8852802 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The inflammatory response could play a key role in cognitive impairment. However, there has been limited research into the association between total white blood cell (WBC) count and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), and the significance of leukoaraiosis (LA) in this relationship is unknown. We aimed to examine the total WBC count in relation to PSCI and whether this association was mediated by LA. Methods Consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were prospectively enrolled from October 2020 to June 2021. The total WBC count was measured after admission. Cognitive function evaluations were performed at the 3-month follow-up using Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). We defined the PSCI as an MMSE score <27. Results A total of 276 patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 54.7% male) were included in this analysis. Among them, 137 (49.6%) patients experienced PSCI. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher total WBC count was significantly correlated with an increased risk of LA [per 1-SD increase, odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% CI 1.06–1.82; p = 0.017] and PSCI (per 1-SD increase, OR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.12–2.04; p = 0.006). Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between total WBC count and PSCI was partly mediated by LA (the regression coefficient was changed by 9.7% for PSCI, and 12.4% for PSCI severity, respectively). Conclusion Increased total WBC count is a risk factor for PSCI. The presence of LA was partially responsible for the PSCI in patients who had a higher total WBC count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Shan
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jie Zhao
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingwen Wang
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Bicciato G, Arnold M, Gebhardt A, Katan M. Precision medicine in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke: how may blood-based biomarkers help in clinical routine? An expert opinion. Curr Opin Neurol 2022; 35:45-54. [PMID: 34839341 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW One in eight patients unfortunately suffers a new stroke within 5 years of their first stroke, even today. Research in precision medicine could lead to a more individualized treatment allocation, possibly achieving lower recurrence rates of ischemic stroke. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss potential clinical implementation of several promising candidate blood biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS We discuss specifically some promising blood-based biomarkers, which may improve the identification of underlying causes as well as risk stratification of patients according to their specific cerebrovascular risk factor pattern. SUMMARY Multimodal profiling of ischemic stroke patients by means of blood biomarkers, in addition to established clinical and neuroradiological data, may allow in the future a refinement of decision algorithms for treatment allocation in secondary ischemic stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bicciato
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rudilosso S, Rodríguez-Vázquez A, Urra X, Arboix A. The Potential Impact of Neuroimaging and Translational Research on the Clinical Management of Lacunar Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1497. [PMID: 35163423 PMCID: PMC8835925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacunar infarcts represent one of the most frequent subtypes of ischemic strokes and may represent the first recognizable manifestation of a progressive disease of the small perforating arteries, capillaries, and venules of the brain, defined as cerebral small vessel disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to a perforating artery occlusion are multiple and still not completely defined, due to spatial resolution issues in neuroimaging, sparsity of pathological studies, and lack of valid experimental models. Recent advances in the endovascular treatment of large vessel occlusion may have diverted attention from the management of patients with small vessel occlusions, often excluded from clinical trials of acute therapy and secondary prevention. However, patients with a lacunar stroke benefit from early diagnosis, reperfusion therapy, and secondary prevention measures. In addition, there are new developments in the knowledge of this entity that suggest potential benefits of thrombolysis in an extended time window in selected patients, as well as novel therapeutic approaches targeting different pathophysiological mechanisms involved in small vessel disease. This review offers a comprehensive update in lacunar stroke pathophysiology and clinical perspective for managing lacunar strokes, in light of the latest insights from imaging and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rudilosso
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.); (A.R.-V.); (X.U.)
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Vázquez
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.); (A.R.-V.); (X.U.)
| | - Xabier Urra
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.); (A.R.-V.); (X.U.)
| | - Adrià Arboix
- Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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