101
|
Duffau H. What Direct Electrostimulation of the Brain Taught Us About the Human Connectome: A Three-Level Model of Neural Disruption. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:315. [PMID: 32848678 PMCID: PMC7427088 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the relevance of the information provided by direct electrostimulation (DES) for mapping brain functions was debated. Recently, major advances in intraoperative DES for guiding resection of cerebral tumors in awake patients enabled the validation of this method and its increased utilization in basic neurosciences. Indeed, in addition to the cortical stimulation used for many decades in epilepsy surgery, axonal mapping was developed thanks to DES of the white matter tracts, giving original insights into the neural connectivity. Moreover, functional results collected during intrasurgical mapping have been correlated with neuropsychological performances before and after DES-guided resection, and with perioperative neuroimaging data. Thus, it was evidenced that DES offers the unique opportunity to identify both cortical and subcortical structures critical for cerebral functions. Here, the first aim is to propose a three-level model of DES-generated functional disruption, able to explain the behavioral consequences elicited during awake surgery, i.e., (i) DES of an input/output unimodal (e.g., somatosensory or motor) network inducing "positive" responses (as involuntary movement); (ii) DES of a distributed specialized network inducing a within-system disruption leading to specific "negative" disorders (e.g., exclusive language deficit with no other disorders); (iii) DES generating an inter-system disruption leading to more complex behavioral disturbances (e.g., the inability to perform dual-task while each function can be performed separately). Second, in light of this model, original findings gained from DES concerning the human connectome, complementary to those provided by functional neuroimaging (FNI), are reviewed. Further longitudinal multimodal investigations are needed to explore neuroplasticity mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Functional Genomics, INSERM U-1191, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Duffau H. Why brain radiation therapy should take account of the individual structural and functional connectivity: Toward an irradiation "à la carte". Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 154:103073. [PMID: 32827878 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation therapy (RT) is a main treatment of brain tumors, delayed cerebral toxicity may lead to cognitive deteriorations with adverse effects on quality of life. Despite technological advances in RT, the concept of brain connectome has not yet been incorporated in the strategy of irradiation. Because white matter tracts represent the main limitation of neuroplasticity, tumor surgery is increasingly performed with awake cortical-subcortical mapping. Here, the purpose is to reinforce the link between cognitive neurosciences and neurooncology, which is critical for neurosurgeons but also for medical oncologists, especially brain radiation oncologists. The goal is to optimize RT planning by sparing individual critical neural networks. A redefinition of "organs at risk" should be proposed, beyond the few structures (such as brainstem, optic pathway, pituitary gland, hippocampi) which are classically preserved for brain radiation, by considering the structural and functional connectivity in order to evolve toward a RT "à la carte".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier 34295, France; Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U-1051, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier 34298, France.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Optimizing the onco-functional balance in supratentorial brain tumour surgery: A single institution's initial experience with intraoperative cortico-subcortical mapping and monitoring in Singapore. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 79:224-230. [PMID: 33070901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative cortical mapping provides functional information that permits the safe and maximal resection of supratentorial lesions infiltrating the so-called eloquent cortex or subcortical white matter tracts. Primary and secondary brain tumours located in eloquent cortex can render surgical treatment ineffective if it results in new or worsening neurology. A cohort of forty-six consecutive patients with supratentorial tumours of variable pathology involving eloquent cortical regions and aided with intraoperative neurophysiology were included for retrospective analysis at a single-centre tertiary institution. Intraoperative neurophysiological data has been related to immediate post-operative neurologic status as well as 3-month follow-up in patients that underwent awake or asleep surgical resection. Patients that experienced new or worsening neurologic symptoms post-operatively demonstrated a high incidence of recovery at 3-months. Those without new neurologic symptoms post-operatively demonstrated little to no worsening at 3-months. Our study explored the extent to which cortical mapping permitted safe surgical resection whilst preserving neurologic function. To the authors' knowledge this is the first documented case series in Singapore that has incorporated a systematic and individually tailored multimodal workflow to cortico-subcortical mapping and monitoring for the safe resection of infiltrative lesions of the supratentorial region.
Collapse
|
104
|
Kljajevic V, Erramuzpe A. Dorsal White Matter Integrity and Name Retrieval in Midlife. Curr Aging Sci 2020; 12:55-61. [PMID: 31589112 PMCID: PMC7059877 DOI: 10.2174/1874609812666190614110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Recent findings on retrieval of proper names in cognitively healthy middle-aged persons indicate that Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) states occurring during proper name retrieval implicate inferior frontal (BA 44) and parietal (BA 40) cortical areas. Such findings give rise to the possibility that anatomical connectivity via dorsal white matter may be associated with difficulties in name retrieval in midlife. Objectives & Method: Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging, we examined in vivo microstructural properties of white matter in 72 cognitively healthy Middle-Aged (MA) and 59 Young Adults (YA), comparing their naming abilities as well as testing, for possible associations between dorsal white matter integrity and naming abilities in the MA group. Results: The MA group was better in retrieving correct names (U = 1525.5, p = .006), but they also retrieved more incorrect names than YA believing they had retrieved the correct ones (U = 1265.5, p < .001). Furthermore, despite being more familiar with the tested names than YA (U = 930, p < .001), MA experienced significantly more TOTs relative to YA (U = 1498.5, p = .004). Tract-based spatial statistics showed significant group differences in values of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mode of anisotropy in a range of white matter tracts. In the MA group, FA values in the right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF) were positively correlated with “don’t know” scores (rs = .287, p = .014). Conclusion: The association of SLF integrity and name retrieval ability in midlife indicates a need to revisit the models of name retrieval that posit no role for dorsal white matter in proper name retrieval.
Collapse
|
105
|
Perrone-Bertolotti M, Alexandre S, Jobb AS, De Palma L, Baciu M, Mairesse MP, Hoffmann D, Minotti L, Kahane P, David O. Probabilistic mapping of language networks from high frequency activity induced by direct electrical stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4113-4126. [PMID: 32697353 PMCID: PMC7469846 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation (DES) at 50 Hz is used as a gold standard to map cognitive functions but little is known about its ability to map large‐scale networks and specific subnetwork. In the present study, we aim to propose a new methodological approach to evaluate the specific hypothesis suggesting that language errors/dysfunction induced by DES are the result of large‐scale network modification rather than of a single cortical region, which explains that similar language symptoms may be observed after stimulation of different cortical regions belonging to this network. We retrospectively examined 29 patients suffering from focal drug‐resistant epilepsy who benefitted from stereo‐electroencephalographic (SEEG) exploration and exhibited language symptoms during a naming task following 50 Hz DES. We assessed the large‐scale language network correlated with behavioral DES‐induced responses (naming errors) by quantifying DES‐induced changes in high frequency activity (HFA, 70–150 Hz) outside the stimulated cortical region. We developed a probabilistic approach to report the spatial pattern of HFA modulations during DES‐induced language errors. Similarly, we mapped the pattern of after‐discharges (3–35 Hz) occurring after DES. HFA modulations concurrent to language symptoms revealed a brain network similar to our current knowledge of language gathered from standard brain mapping. In addition, specific subnetworks could be identified within the global language network, related to different language processes, generally described in relation to the classical language regions. Spatial patterns of after‐discharges were similar to HFA induced during DES. Our results suggest that this new methodological DES‐HFA mapping is a relevant approach to map functional networks during SEEG explorations, which would allow to shift from “local” to “network” perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- CNRC, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Alexandre
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Jobb
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Luca De Palma
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- CNRC, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lorella Minotti
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier David
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Rech F, Wassermann D, Duffau H. New insights into the neural foundations mediating movement/language interactions gained from intrasurgical direct electrostimulations. Brain Cogn 2020; 142:105583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
107
|
Sakpichaisakul K, Byars AW, Horn PS, Aungaroon G, Greiner HM, Mangano FT, Holland KD, Arya R. Neuropsychological outcomes after pediatric epilepsy surgery: Role of electrical stimulation language mapping. Seizure 2020; 80:183-191. [PMID: 32604001 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the association between electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) with a visual naming task and post-operative neuropsychological outcomes after pediatric epilepsy surgery. METHODS Children who underwent epilepsy surgery, having pre- and 1-year post-surgery neuropsychological evaluation (NPE) available, were included. NPE scores were transformed using principal components (PC) analysis. The relationship between post-surgical PC scores, adjusted for pre-surgery PC scores, and ESM was analyzed. Clinical variables influencing this relationship were also sought. RESULTS One hundred and four children (89 patients >5 years-old, and 15 patients 3-5 years-old) were included. Among children >5 years-of-age, a significant effect of language ESM was observed on all 3 post-surgery PC scores adjusted for respective pre-surgery PC scores. Specifically, only 30 % patients who underwent language ESM had a decrease in PC1 scores ≥1-year after epilepsy surgery, compared to 68 % those who did not undergo language ESM (p = 0.001). Seizure outcomes, age at the time of surgery, predominant seizure type, and family history of epilepsy were other significant determinants of post-surgical PC scores including a change in PC scores from pre-surgery baseline. Combinations of pre-surgical variables were able to predict post-surgical PC scores with high specificity. In children aged 3-5 years, no significant effect of language ESM was seen on post-surgery PC scores adjusted for respective pre-surgery PC scores. CONCLUSIONS Speech/language ESM should be performed more widely in patients >5 years-of-age undergoing epilepsy surgery. Also, more efficient brain mapping techniques and language paradigms are needed for younger children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kullasate Sakpichaisakul
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gewalin Aungaroon
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Martín-Monzón I, Rivero Ballagas Y, Arias-Sánchez S. Language mapping: A systematic review of protocols that evaluate linguistic functions in awake surgery. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:845-854. [PMID: 32543924 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1776287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, numerous neuropsychological tests are available for multidisciplinary teams to perform awake brain surgery but none-or very few-of them constitutes a mandatory prerequisite. No consensus has been reached about the choice of intraoperative tests, which can be relatively simple for certain primary functions, but can be much more difficult for high-level cognitive functions. This review aims to give an overview about the assessment of language during awake brain surgery in adults and focus on the analysis of the different language protocols that have been published, to compile the most used standardized tests that evaluate different linguistic cognitive processes. We performed a systematic review about awake brain surgery studies that mentioned a specific test or protocol for assessing language in adults from the last 15 years. The search yielded 3,504 articles. 120 studies reported a linguistic protocol or test. This review allowed to obtain a defined neuropsychological picture of the essential tasks that a linguistic protocol in awake surgery should compile. This review will help clinicians in selecting tasks for monitoring cognition during awake brain surgery as well as contributes to enlighten the efficacy of linguistics protocols in order to minimize language deficits in awake surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martín-Monzón
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yudania Rivero Ballagas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Samuel Arias-Sánchez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Hinkley LBN, De Witte E, Cahill-Thompson M, Mizuiri D, Garrett C, Honma S, Findlay A, Gorno-Tempini ML, Tarapore P, Kirsch HE, Mariën P, Houde JF, Berger M, Nagarajan SS. Optimizing Magnetoencephalographic Imaging Estimation of Language Lateralization for Simpler Language Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:105. [PMID: 32499685 PMCID: PMC7242765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) offers a non-invasive alternative for defining preoperative language lateralization in neurosurgery patients. MEGI indeed can be used for accurate estimation of language lateralization with a complex language task - auditory verb generation. However, since language function may vary considerably in patients with focal lesions, it is important to optimize MEGI for estimation of language function with other simpler language tasks. The goal of this study was to optimize MEGI laterality analyses for two such simpler language tasks that can have compliance from those with impaired language function: a non-word repetition (NWR) task and a picture naming (PN) task. Language lateralization results for these two tasks were compared to the verb-generation (VG) task. MEGI reconstruction parameters (regions and time windows) for NWR and PN were first defined in a presurgical training cohort by benchmarking these against laterality indices for VG. Optimized time windows and regions of interest (ROIs) for NWR and PN were determined by examining oscillations in the beta band (12-30 Hz) a marker of neural activity known to be concordant with the VG laterality index (LI). For NWR, additional ROIs include areas MTG/ITG and for both NWR and PN, the postcentral gyrus was included in analyses. Optimal time windows for NWR were defined as 650-850 ms (stimulus-locked) and -350 to -150 ms (response-locked) and for PN -450 to -250 ms (response-locked). To verify the optimal parameters defined in our training cohort for NWR and PN, we examined an independent validation cohort (n = 30 for NWR, n = 28 for PN) and found high concordance between VG laterality and PN laterality (82%) and between VG laterality and NWR laterality (87%). Finally, in a test cohort (n = 8) that underwent both the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) test and MEG for VG, NWR, and PN, we identified excellent concordance (100%) with IAP for VG + NWR + PN composite LI, high concordance for PN alone (87.5%), and moderate concordance for NWR alone (66.7%). These findings provide task options for non-invasive language mapping with MEGI that can be calibrated for language abilities of individual patients. Results also demonstrate that more accurate estimates can be obtained by combining laterality estimates obtained from multiple tasks. MEGI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leighton B. N. Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elke De Witte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Megan Cahill-Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Coleman Garrett
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susanne Honma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne Findlay
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Phiroz Tarapore
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Heidi E. Kirsch
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter Mariën
- Department of Neurology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belguim
| | - John F. Houde
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mitchel Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Srikantan S. Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Tumor grade-related language and control network reorganization in patients with left cerebral glioma. Cortex 2020; 129:141-157. [PMID: 32473401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Language processing relies on both a functionally specialized language network and a domain-general cognitive control network. Yet, how the two networks reorganize after damage resulting from diffuse and progressive glioma remains largely unknown. To address this issue, 130 patients with left cerebral gliomas, including 77 patients with low-grade glioma (LGG, WHO grade Ⅰ/II), 53 patients with high-grade glioma (HGG, WHO grade III/IV) and 38 healthy controls (HC) were adopted. The changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the language network and the cingulo-opercular/fronto-parietal (CO-FP) network were examined using network-based statistics. We found that tumor grade negatively correlated with language scores and language network integrity. Compared with HCs, patients with LGGs exhibited slight language deficits, both decreased and increased changes in rsFC of language network, and nearly normal CO-FP network. Patients with HGGs had significantly lower language scores than those with LGG and exhibited more severe language and CO-FP network disruptions than HCs or patients with LGGs. Moreover, we found that in patients with HGGs, the decreased rsFCs of language network were positively correlated with language scores. Together, our findings suggest tumor grade-related network reorganization of both language and control networks underlie the different levels of language impairments observed in patients with gliomas.
Collapse
|
111
|
Brown DA, Hanalioglu S, Chaichana K, Duffau H. Transcorticosubcortical Approach for Left Posterior Mediobasal Temporal Region Gliomas: A Case Series and Anatomic Review of Relevant White Matter Tracts. World Neurosurg 2020; 139:e737-e747. [PMID: 32360919 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to show using 5 illustrative cases that the transcortical route for resection of mediobasal temporal region (MBTR) lesions is safe and effective when performed with awake functional mapping and knowledge of the relevant subcortical anatomy. Although several have been proposed, there is a paucity of reports on transcorticosubcortical approaches to these lesions, particularly in patients with posterior-superior extension. We present a case series of 5 patients with left posterior MBTR gliomas and summarize the relevant subcortical anatomy knowledge of what is a prerequisite for safe resection. METHODS Five patients with left posterior MBTR gliomas underwent awake resection with functional corticosubcortical electric mapping. Details of the approach are presented with a review of relevant anatomy. RESULTS Gross total resection was achieved in 4 patients. One patient who had previously undergone radiation therapy had a subtotal resection. There were 4 cases of World Health Organization grade II glioma and 1 case of World Health Organization grade IV glioma. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative neurologic and neuropsychological assessment and there were no new or worsening sensorimotor, visual, language, or cognitive deficits. CONCLUSIONS The transcorticosubcortical approach is a safe and effective approach to lesions of the posterior MBTR. The approach is safe and effective even in patients with superior extension, if the surgical approach is predicated on knowledge of individual functional anatomy. Awake resection with cortical and axonal mapping with well-selected paradigms is invaluable in maximizing extent of resection and ensuring patient safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond A Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Sahin Hanalioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Health Sciences University, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery and INSERMU1051, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Surbeck W, Hänggi J, Scholtes F, Viher PV, Schmidt A, Stegmayer K, Studerus E, Lang UE, Riecher-Rössler A, Strik W, Seifritz E, Borgwardt S, Quednow BB, Walther S. Anatomical integrity within the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and semantic processing deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:267-275. [PMID: 31948896 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The core symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) include abnormal semantic processing which may rely on the ventral language stream of the human brain. Thus, structural disruption of the ventral language stream may play an important role in semantic deficits observed in SSD patients. Therefore, we compared white matter tract integrity in SSD patients and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging combined with probabilistic fiber tractography. For the ventral language stream, we assessed the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus [IFOF], inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. The arcuate fasciculus and corticospinal tract were used as control tracts. In SSD patients, the relationship between semantic processing impairments and tract integrity was analyzed separately. Three-dimensional tract reconstructions were performed in 45/44 SSD patients/controls ("Bern sample") and replicated in an independent sample of 24/24 SSD patients/controls ("Basel sample"). Multivariate analyses of fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity of the left IFOF showed significant differences between SSD patients and controls (p(FDR-corr) < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.23) in the Bern sample. Axial diffusivity (AD) of the left UF was inversely correlated with semantic impairments (r = -0.454, p(FDR-corr) = 0.035). In the Basel sample, significant group differences for the left IFOF were replicated (p < .01, ηp2 = 0.29), while the correlation between AD of the left IFOF and semantic processing decline (r = -0.376, p = .09) showed a statistical trend. No significant effects were found for the dorsal language stream. This is direct evidence for the importance of the integrity of the ventral language stream, in particular the left IFOF, in semantic processing deficits in SSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Surbeck
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jürgen Hänggi
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholtes
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Petra V Viher
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Stegmayer
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erich Studerus
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Udine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Werner Strik
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Creyaufmüller M, Heim S, Habel U, Mühlhaus J. The influence of semantic associations on sentence production in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:359-372. [PMID: 30094543 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most prominent symptoms of schizophrenia is thought disorder, which manifests itself in language production difficulties. In patients with thought disorders the associations are loosened and sentence production is impaired. The determining behavioral and neural mechanisms of sentence production are still an important subject of recent research and have not yet been fully understood. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of associative relations and distractor modalities on sentence production in healthy participants and participants with schizophrenia. Therefore, reaction times and neural activation of 12 healthy subjects and 13 subjects with schizophrenia were compared in an adapted picture word interference paradigm (PWI). No significant group differences were found, neither on the behavioral nor on the neural level. On the behavioral level, for the entire group incremental sentence processing was found, i.e. processing of the second noun only starts after the first noun was processed. At the neural level, activation was discovered in the bilateral caudate nuclei and the cerebellum. Those activations could be related to response enhancement and suppression as well as to the modulation of cognitive processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Creyaufmüller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany. .,AG Neuroanatomy of Language, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brand-Straße 5, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliane Mühlhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Speech and Language Therapy, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Herbet G, Duffau H. Revisiting the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain: Toward a Meta-Networking Theory of Cerebral Functions. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1181-1228. [PMID: 32078778 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than one century, brain processing was mainly thought in a localizationist framework, in which one given function was underpinned by a discrete, isolated cortical area, and with a similar cerebral organization across individuals. However, advances in brain mapping techniques in humans have provided new insights into the organizational principles of anatomo-functional architecture. Here, we review recent findings gained from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, as well as lesion studies. Based on these recent data on brain connectome, we challenge the traditional, outdated localizationist view and propose an alternative meta-networking theory. This model holds that complex cognitions and behaviors arise from the spatiotemporal integration of distributed but relatively specialized networks underlying conation and cognition (e.g., language, spatial cognition). Dynamic interactions between such circuits result in a perpetual succession of new equilibrium states, opening the door to considerable interindividual behavioral variability and to neuroplastic phenomena. Indeed, a meta-networking organization underlies the uniquely human propensity to learn complex abilities, and also explains how postlesional reshaping can lead to some degrees of functional compensation in brain-damaged patients. We discuss the major implications of this approach in fundamental neurosciences as well as for clinical developments, especially in neurology, psychiatry, neurorehabilitation, and restorative neurosurgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France; Team "Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France; Team "Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Shain C, Blank IA, van Schijndel M, Schuler W, Fedorenko E. fMRI reveals language-specific predictive coding during naturalistic sentence comprehension. Neuropsychologia 2020; 138:107307. [PMID: 31874149 PMCID: PMC7140726 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Much research in cognitive neuroscience supports prediction as a canonical computation of cognition across domains. Is such predictive coding implemented by feedback from higher-order domain-general circuits, or is it locally implemented in domain-specific circuits? What information sources are used to generate these predictions? This study addresses these two questions in the context of language processing. We present fMRI evidence from a naturalistic comprehension paradigm (1) that predictive coding in the brain's response to language is domain-specific, and (2) that these predictions are sensitive both to local word co-occurrence patterns and to hierarchical structure. Using a recently developed continuous-time deconvolutional regression technique that supports data-driven hemodynamic response function discovery from continuous BOLD signal fluctuations in response to naturalistic stimuli, we found effects of prediction measures in the language network but not in the domain-general multiple-demand network, which supports executive control processes and has been previously implicated in language comprehension. Moreover, within the language network, surface-level and structural prediction effects were separable. The predictability effects in the language network were substantial, with the model capturing over 37% of explainable variance on held-out data. These findings indicate that human sentence processing mechanisms generate predictions about upcoming words using cognitive processes that are sensitive to hierarchical structure and specialized for language processing, rather than via feedback from high-level executive control mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- University of California Los Angeles, 90024, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, USA.
| | | | - William Schuler
- The Ohio State University, 43210, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, 02115, USA.
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Zyryanov A, Malyutina S, Dragoy O. Left frontal aslant tract and lexical selection: Evidence from frontal lobe lesions. Neuropsychologia 2020; 147:107385. [PMID: 32057935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a white-matter tract connecting the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the supplementary motor complex (SMC). Damage to either component of the network causes spontaneous speech dysfluency, indicating its critical role in language production. However, spontaneous speech dysfluency may stem from various lower-level linguistic deficits, precluding inferences about the nature of linguistic processing subserved by the IFG-SMC network. Since the IFG and the SMC are attributed a role in conceptual and lexical selection during language production, we hypothesized that these processes rely on the IFG-SMC connectivity via the FAT. We analysed the effects of FAT volume on conceptual and lexical selection measures following frontal lobe stroke. The measures were obtained from the sentence completion task, tapping into conceptual and lexical selection, and the picture-word interference task, providing a more specific measure of lexical selection. Lower FAT volume was not associated with lower conceptual or lexical selection abilities in our patient cohort. Current findings stand in marked discrepancy with previous lesion and neuroimaging evidence for the joint contribution of the IFG and the SMC to lexical and conceptual selection. A plausible explanation reconciling this discrepancy is that the IFG-SMC connectivity via the FAT does contribute to conceptual and/or lexical selection but its disrupted function undergoes reorganisation over the course of post-stroke recovery. Thus, our negative findings stress the importance of testing the causal role of the FAT in lexical and conceptual selection in patients with more acute frontal lobe lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Zyryanov
- Center for Language and Brain, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya St., Office 510, Moscow, 105066, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Malyutina
- Center for Language and Brain, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya St., Office 510, Moscow, 105066, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya St., Office 510, Moscow, 105066, Russia; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Fernández L, Velásquez C, García Porrero JA, de Lucas EM, Martino J. Heschl’s gyrus fiber intersection area: a new insight on the connectivity of the auditory-language hub. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 48:E7. [DOI: 10.3171/2019.11.focus19778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe functional importance of the superior temporal lobe at the level of Heschl’s gyrus is well known. However, the organization and function of these cortical areas and the underlying fiber tracts connecting them remain unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the area formed by the organization of the intersection of Heschl’s gyrus–related fiber tracts, which the authors have termed the “Heschl’s gyrus fiber intersection area” (HGFIA).METHODSThe subcortical connectivity of Heschl’s gyrus tracts was analyzed by white matter fiber dissection and by diffusion tensor imaging tractography. The white matter tracts organized in relation to Heschl’s gyrus were isolated in 8 human hemispheres from cadaveric specimens and in 8 MRI studies in 4 healthy volunteers. In addition, these tracts and their functions were described in the surgical cases of left temporal gliomas next to the HGFIA in 6 patients who were awake during surgery and underwent intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping.RESULTSFive tracts were observed to pass through the HGFIA: the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus, the middle longitudinal fasciculus, the acoustic radiation, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the optic radiation. In addition, U fibers originating at the level of Heschl’s gyrus and heading toward the middle temporal gyrus were identified.CONCLUSIONSThis investigation of the HGFIA, a region where 5 fiber tracts intersect in a relationship with the primary auditory area, provides new insights into the subcortical organization of Wernicke’s area. This information is valuable when a temporal surgical approach is planned, in order to assess the surgical risk related to language disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Fernández
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Araba—Santiago Apóstol, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Carlos Velásquez
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Juan A. García Porrero
- 3Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology of Cantabria University—Medical School, Santander, Spain; and
| | - Enrique Marco de Lucas
- 4Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Martino
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Mustroph ML, Zekelman LR, Golby AJ. Editorial. Probing the tract organization of language: Heschl’s gyrus fiber intersection area. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 48:E8. [DOI: 10.3171/2019.11.focus19886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo R. Zekelman
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra J. Golby
- Departments of Neurosurgery and
- Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Young JS, Morshed RA, Mansoori Z, Cha S, Berger MS. Disruption of Frontal Aslant Tract Is Not Associated with Long-Term Postoperative Language Deficits. World Neurosurg 2020; 133:192-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
120
|
Mollica F, Siegelman M, Diachek E, Piantadosi ST, Mineroff Z, Futrell R, Kean H, Qian P, Fedorenko E. Composition is the Core Driver of the Language-selective Network. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2020; 1:104-134. [PMID: 36794007 PMCID: PMC9923699 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The frontotemporal language network responds robustly and selectively to sentences. But the features of linguistic input that drive this response and the computations that these language areas support remain debated. Two key features of sentences are typically confounded in natural linguistic input: words in sentences (a) are semantically and syntactically combinable into phrase- and clause-level meanings, and (b) occur in an order licensed by the language's grammar. Inspired by recent psycholinguistic work establishing that language processing is robust to word order violations, we hypothesized that the core linguistic computation is composition, and, thus, can take place even when the word order violates the grammatical constraints of the language. This hypothesis predicts that a linguistic string should elicit a sentence-level response in the language network provided that the words in that string can enter into dependency relationships as in typical sentences. We tested this prediction across two fMRI experiments (total N = 47) by introducing a varying number of local word swaps into naturalistic sentences, leading to progressively less syntactically well-formed strings. Critically, local dependency relationships were preserved because combinable words remained close to each other. As predicted, word order degradation did not decrease the magnitude of the blood oxygen level-dependent response in the language network, except when combinable words were so far apart that composition among nearby words was highly unlikely. This finding demonstrates that composition is robust to word order violations, and that the language regions respond as strongly as they do to naturalistic linguistic input, providing that composition can take place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hope Kean
- Brain & Cognitive Sciences Department, MIT
| | - Peng Qian
- Brain & Cognitive Sciences Department, MIT
| | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Microsurgical anatomy of the sagittal stratum. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019; 161:2319-2327. [PMID: 31363919 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-04019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sagittal stratum (SS) is a critical neural crossroad traversed by several white matter tracts that connect multiple areas of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Scant information about the anatomical organization of this structure is available in literature. The goal of this study was to provide a detailed anatomical description of the SS and to discuss the functional implications of the findings when a surgical approach through this structure is planned. METHODS Five formalin-fixed human brains were dissected under the operating microscope by using the fiber dissection technique originally described by Ludwig and Klingler. RESULTS The SS is a polygonal crossroad of associational fibers situated deep on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, medial to the arcuate/superior longitudinal fascicle complex, and laterally to the tapetal fibers of the atrium. It is organized in three layers: a superficial layer formed by the middle and inferior longitudinal fascicles, a middle layer corresponding to the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, and a deep layer formed by the optic radiation, intermingled with fibers of the anterior commissure. It originates posteroinferiorly to the inferior limiting sulcus of the insula, contiguous with the fibers of the temporal stem, and ends into the posterior temporo-occipito-parietal cortex. CONCLUSION The white matter fiber dissection reveals the tridimensional architecture of the SS and the relationship between its fibers. A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the SS is essential to decrease the operative risks when a surgical approach within this area is undertaken.
Collapse
|
122
|
Houston J, Allendorfer J, Nenert R, Goodman AM, Szaflarski JP. White Matter Language Pathways and Language Performance in Healthy Adults Across Ages. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1185. [PMID: 31736704 PMCID: PMC6838008 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between age-related white matter changes, with a specific focus on previously identified language pathways, and language functioning in healthy aging. 228 healthy participants (126 female; 146 right-handed), ages 18 to 76, underwent 3.0 Tesla MR diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and a battery of language assessments including the Boston Naming Test (BNT), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Semantic Fluency Test (SFT), and a subset of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (CI-BDAE). Using tract based spatial statistics (TBSS), we investigated measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). TBSS was used to create a white matter skeleton that was then used to analyze white matter changes (indexed by FA, AD, RD, and MD) with age and language performance. Results focused primarily on significant relationships (p < 0.05, cluster-wise FDR corrected for multiple comparisons) in the canonical language white matter pathways. We found a diffuse linear decrease with age in global white matter FA and a significant focal increase in FA with age within the bilateral superior cerebellar peduncles (SCPs). We observed that increased BNT scores were associated with increased FA within the left SLF, and within the posterior and antero-lateral portions of the right inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). Increased SFT and PPVT scores were associated with increased FA within the posterior portion of the right IFOF and increased FA within the left body of the corpus callosum was associated with lower COWAT scores. We found no association between FA and BDAE. MD, RD, and AD, were found to be inversely proportional to FA within the IFOF, with AD showing a negative correlation with SFT, and RD and MD showing a negative correlation with BNT. There was no association between CI-BDAE and any of the white matter measures. Significant differences between sexes included more pronounced FA decrease with age within the right SLF in males vs. females; there were no differences in language performance scores between sexes. We also found that there was no decline in language testing scores with increasing age in our cohort. Taken together, our findings of varying relationships between DTI metrics and language function within multiple regions of the non-dominant IFOF suggest that more robust language networks with bilateral structural connectivity may contribute to better overall language functioning, regardless of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Houston
- Department of Neurology, UAB Epilepsy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jane Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, UAB Epilepsy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rodolph Nenert
- Department of Neurology, UAB Epilepsy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Adam M. Goodman
- Department of Neurology, UAB Epilepsy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jerzy P. Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, UAB Epilepsy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Baker CM, Burks JD, Briggs RG, Conner AK, Glenn CA, Robbins JM, Sheets JR, Sali G, McCoy TM, Battiste JD, O'Donoghue DL, Sughrue ME. A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 5: The Insula and Opercular Cortex. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:S175-S244. [PMID: 30260456 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 5, we specifically address regions relevant to the insula and opercular cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua D Burks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Justin M Robbins
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John R Sheets
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Goksel Sali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tressie M McCoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - James D Battiste
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daniel L O'Donoghue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Baker CM, Burks JD, Briggs RG, Milton CK, Conner AK, Glenn CA, Sali G, McCoy TM, Battiste JD, O'Donoghue DL, Sughrue ME. A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 6: The Temporal Lobe. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:S245-S294. [PMID: 30260447 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 6, we specifically address regions relevant to the temporal lobe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua D Burks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Camille K Milton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Goksel Sali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tressie M McCoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - James D Battiste
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daniel L O'Donoghue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Yuan B, Zhang N, Yan J, Cheng J, Lu J, Wu J. Resting-state functional connectivity predicts individual language impairment of patients with left hemispheric gliomas involving language network. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:102023. [PMID: 31693978 PMCID: PMC6838935 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Language deficits following brain tumors should consider the dynamic interactions between different tumor growth kinetics and functional network reorganization. We measured the resting-state functional connectivity of 126 patients with left cerebral gliomas involving language network areas, including 77 patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG) and 49 patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG). Functional network mapping for language was performed by construction of a multivariate machine learning-based prediction model of individual aphasia quotient (AQ), a summary score that indicates overall severity of language impairment. We found that the AQ scores for HGG patients were significantly lower than those of LGG patients. The prediction accuracy of HGG patients (R2 = 0.27, permutation P = 0.007) was much higher than that of LGG patients (R2 = 0.09, permutation P = 0.032). The rsFC regions predictive of LGG's AQ involved the bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, subcortical regions, and bilateral cerebro-cerebellar connections, mainly in regions belonging to the canonical language network. The functional network of language processing for HGG patients showed strong dependence on connections of the left cerebro-cerebellar connections, limbic system, and the temporal, occipital, and prefrontal lobes. Together, our findings suggested that individual language processing of glioma patients links large-scale, bilateral, cortico-subcortical, and cerebro-cerebellar functional networks with different network reorganizational mechanisms underlying the different levels of language impairments in LGG and HGG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binke Yuan
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Sarubbo S, Tate M, De Benedictis A, Merler S, Moritz-Gasser S, Herbet G, Duffau H. Mapping critical cortical hubs and white matter pathways by direct electrical stimulation: an original functional atlas of the human brain. Neuroimage 2019; 205:116237. [PMID: 31626897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The structural and functional organization of brain networks subserving basic daily activities (i.e. language, visuo-spatial cognition, movement, semantics, etc.) are not completely understood to date. Here, we report the first probabilistic cortical and subcortical atlas of critical structures mediating human brain functions based on direct electrical stimulation (DES), a well-validated tool for the exploration of cerebral processing and for performing safe surgical interventions in eloquent areas. METHODS We collected 1162 cortical and 659 subcortical DES responses during testing of 16 functional domains in 256 patients undergoing awake surgery. Spatial coordinates for each functional response were calculated, and probability distributions for the entire patient cohort were mapped onto a standardized three-dimensional brain template using a multinomial statistical analysis. In addition, matching analyses were performed against prior established anatomy-based cortical and white matter (WM) atlases. RESULTS The probabilistic maps for each functional domain were provided. The topographical analysis demonstrated a wide spatial distribution of cortical functional responses, while subcortical responses were more restricted, localizing to known WM pathways. These DES-derived data showed reliable matching with existing cortical and WM atlases as well as recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological data. CONCLUSIONS We present the first integrated and comprehensive cortical-subcortical atlas of structures essential for humans' neural functions based on highly-specific DES mapping during real-time neuropsychological testing. This novel atlas can serve as a complementary tool for neuroscientists, along with data obtained from other modalities, to improve and refine our understanding of the functional anatomy of critical brain networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Sarubbo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab Project, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), 9 Largo Medaglie d'Oro, 38122, Trento, Italy.
| | - Matthew Tate
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alessandro De Benedictis
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 4 Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sylvie Moritz-Gasser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1051, Team ''Plasticity of the Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors'', Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Av Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1051, Team ''Plasticity of the Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors'', Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Av Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1051, Team ''Plasticity of the Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors'', Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Av Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Arya R, Babajani-Feremi A, Byars AW, Vannest J, Greiner HM, Wheless JW, Mangano FT, Holland KD. A model for visual naming based on spatiotemporal dynamics of ECoG high-gamma modulation. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 99:106455. [PMID: 31419636 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied spatiotemporal dynamics of electrocorticographic (ECoG) high-gamma modulation (HGM) during visual naming. METHODS In 8 patients, aged 4-19 years, with left hemisphere subdural electrodes, propagation of ECoG HGM during overt visual naming was mapped with trial-averaged time-frequency analysis. Group-level synthesis was performed by transforming all electrodes to a standard space and assigning cortical parcels based on a reference atlas. RESULTS After image display following cortical parcels were activated: inferior occipital, caudal angular, fusiform, and middle temporal gyri, and superior temporal sulcus [0-400 ms]; rostral pars triangularis (A45r), inferior frontal sulcus, caudal dorsolateral premotor cortex (A6cdl) [300-600 ms]; caudal ventrolateral premotor cortex (A6cvl), caudal pars triangularis (A45c), pars opercularis (A44) [400-800 ms]; primary sensorimotor cortex [600-1400 ms], with most prominent HGM in glossolaryngeal region (A4tl). Lastly, auditory cortex (A41/A42) and superior temporal gyrus (A22) were activated [900 ms-1.4 s]. After 1.5 s, HGM decreased globally, except in ventrolateral premotor cortex. CONCLUSIONS During visual naming, ECoG HGM shows a sequential but overlapping spatiotemporal course through cortical regions. We provide neurophysiologic validation for a model of visual naming incorporating both modular and distributed cortical processing. This may explain cognitive deficits seen in some patients after surgery involving HGM naming sites outside perisylvian language cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Abbas Babajani-Feremi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - James W Wheless
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Cocquyt EM, Lanckmans E, van Mierlo P, Duyck W, Szmalec A, Santens P, De Letter M. The white matter architecture underlying semantic processing: A systematic review. Neuropsychologia 2019; 136:107182. [PMID: 31568774 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
From a holistic point of view, semantic processes are subserved by large-scale subcortico-cortical networks. The dynamic routing of information between grey matter structures depends on the integrity of subcortical white matter pathways. Nonetheless, controversy remains on which of these pathways support semantic processing. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was performed with a focus on anatomo-functional correlations obtained from direct electrostimulation during awake tumor surgery, and conducted between diffusion tensor imaging metrics and behavioral semantic performance in healthy and aphasic individuals. The 43 included studies suggest that the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus contributes to the essential connectivity that allows semantic processing. However, it remains uncertain whether its contributive role is limited to the organization of semantic knowledge or extends to the level of semantic control. Moreover, the functionality of the left uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the posterior segment of the indirect arcuate fasciculus in semantic processing has to be confirmed by future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E-M Cocquyt
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; Research Group BrainComm, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - E Lanckmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; Research Group BrainComm, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - P van Mierlo
- Research Group BrainComm, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - W Duyck
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - A Szmalec
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - P Santens
- Research Group BrainComm, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - M De Letter
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; Research Group BrainComm, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Grandchamp R, Rapin L, Perrone-Bertolotti M, Pichat C, Haldin C, Cousin E, Lachaux JP, Dohen M, Perrier P, Garnier M, Baciu M, Lœvenbruck H. The ConDialInt Model: Condensation, Dialogality, and Intentionality Dimensions of Inner Speech Within a Hierarchical Predictive Control Framework. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2019. [PMID: 31620039 PMCID: PMC6759632 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner speech has been shown to vary in form along several dimensions. Along condensation, condensed inner speech forms have been described, that are supposed to be deprived of acoustic, phonological and even syntactic qualities. Expanded forms, on the other extreme, display articulatory and auditory properties. Along dialogality, inner speech can be monologal, when we engage in internal soliloquy, or dialogal, when we recall past conversations or imagine future dialogs involving our own voice as well as that of others addressing us. Along intentionality, it can be intentional (when we deliberately rehearse material in short-term memory) or it can arise unintentionally (during mind wandering). We introduce the ConDialInt model, a neurocognitive predictive control model of inner speech that accounts for its varieties along these three dimensions. ConDialInt spells out the condensation dimension by including inhibitory control at the conceptualization, formulation or articulatory planning stage. It accounts for dialogality, by assuming internal model adaptations and by speculating on neural processes underlying perspective switching. It explains the differences between intentional and spontaneous varieties in terms of monitoring. We present an fMRI study in which we probed varieties of inner speech along dialogality and intentionality, to examine the validity of the neuroanatomical correlates posited in ConDialInt. Condensation was also informally tackled. Our data support the hypothesis that expanded inner speech recruits speech production processes down to articulatory planning, resulting in a predicted signal, the inner voice, with auditory qualities. Along dialogality, covertly using an avatar's voice resulted in the activation of right hemisphere homologs of the regions involved in internal own-voice soliloquy and in reduced cerebellar activation, consistent with internal model adaptation. Switching from first-person to third-person perspective resulted in activations in precuneus and parietal lobules. Along intentionality, compared with intentional inner speech, mind wandering with inner speech episodes was associated with greater bilateral inferior frontal activation and decreased activation in left temporal regions. This is consistent with the reported subjective evanescence and presumably reflects condensation processes. Our results provide neuroanatomical evidence compatible with predictive control and in favor of the assumptions made in the ConDialInt model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Grandchamp
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucile Rapin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Cédric Pichat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Célise Haldin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Cousin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Bron, France
| | - Marion Dohen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Perrier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Maëva Garnier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Lœvenbruck
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Association between tumor location and neurocognitive functioning using tumor localization maps. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:573-582. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
131
|
Siegelman M, Blank IA, Mineroff Z, Fedorenko E. An Attempt to Conceptually Replicate the Dissociation between Syntax and Semantics during Sentence Comprehension. Neuroscience 2019; 413:219-229. [PMID: 31200104 PMCID: PMC6661197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Is sentence structure processed by the same neural and cognitive resources that are recruited for processing word meanings, or do structure and meaning rely on distinct resources? Linguistic theorizing and much behavioral evidence suggest tight integration between lexico-semantic and syntactic representations and processing. However, most current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to postulate a distinction between the two. One of the earlier and most cited pieces of neuroimaging evidence in favor of this dissociation comes from a paper by Dapretto and Bookheimer (1999). Using a sentence-meaning judgment task, Dapretto & Bookheimer observed two distinct peaks within the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG): one was more active during a lexico-semantic manipulation, and the other during a syntactic manipulation. Although the paper is highly cited, no attempt has been made, to our knowledge, to replicate the original finding. We report an fMRI study that attempts to do so. Using a combination of whole-brain, group-level ROI, and participant-specific functional ROI approaches, we fail to replicate the original dissociation. In particular, whereas parts of LIFG respond reliably more strongly during lexico-semantic than syntactic processing, no part of LIFG (including in the region defined around the peak reported by Dapretto & Bookheimer) shows the opposite pattern. We speculate that the original result was a false positive, possibly driven by a small subset of participants or items that biased a fixed-effects analysis with low power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Siegelman
- MIT, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Columbia University, Department of Psychology
| | - Idan A Blank
- MIT, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; UCLA, Department of Psychology
| | | | - Evelina Fedorenko
- MIT, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; MIT, McGovern Institute for Brain Research; MGH, Department of Psychiatry.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Akinina Y, Dragoy O, Ivanova MV, Iskra EV, Soloukhina OA, Petryshevsky AG, Fedinа ON, Turken AU, Shklovsky VM, Dronkers NF. Grey and white matter substrates of action naming. Neuropsychologia 2019; 131:249-265. [PMID: 31129278 PMCID: PMC6650369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a persistent interest in verb processing, data on the neural underpinnings of verb retrieval are fragmentary. The present study is the first to analyze the contributions of both grey and white matter damage affecting verb retrieval through action naming in stroke. We used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) with an action naming task in 40 left-hemisphere stroke patients. Within the grey matter, we revealed the critical involvement of the left precentral and inferior frontal gyri, insula, and parts of basal ganglia. An overlay of white matter tract probability masks on the VLSM lesion map revealed involvement of left-hemisphere long and short association tracts with terminations in the frontal areas; and several projection tracts. The involvement of these structures is interpreted in the light of existing picture naming models, semantic control processes, and the embodiment cognition framework. Our results stress the importance of both cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical networks of language processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Akinina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; University of Groningen, Graduate School for the Humanities, P.O. Box 716, NL-9700, AS Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - O Dragoy
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, 1/10 Ostrovityanova Street, 117342, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Ivanova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Psychology, 2121 Berkeley Way, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - E V Iskra
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia; Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Soloukhina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Center for Language and Brain, 21/4 Staraya Basmannaya Street, Office 510, 105066, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Petryshevsky
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - O N Fedinа
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia; Medicine and Nuclear Technology Ltd., 1/133 Akademika Kurchatova Street, 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - A U Turken
- Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - V M Shklovsky
- Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, 20 Nikoloyamskaya Street, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - N F Dronkers
- University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Psychology, 2121 Berkeley Way, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA Northern California Health Care System, 150 Muir Road 126R, 94553, Martinez, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Dept. of Neurology, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Mancini M, Vos SB, Vakharia VN, O'Keeffe AG, Trimmel K, Barkhof F, Dorfer C, Soman S, Winston GP, Wu C, Duncan JS, Sparks R, Ourselin S. Automated fiber tract reconstruction for surgery planning: Extensive validation in language-related white matter tracts. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101883. [PMID: 31163386 PMCID: PMC6545442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion MRI and tractography hold great potential for surgery planning, especially to preserve eloquent white matter during resections. However, fiber tract reconstruction requires an expert with detailed understanding of neuroanatomy. Several automated approaches have been proposed, using different strategies to reconstruct the white matter tracts in a supervised fashion. However, validation is often limited to comparison with manual delineation by overlap-based measures, which is limited in characterizing morphological and topological differences. In this work, we set up a fully automated pipeline based on anatomical criteria that does not require manual intervention, taking advantage of atlas-based criteria and advanced acquisition protocols available on clinical-grade MRI scanners. Then, we extensively validated it on epilepsy patients with specific focus on language-related bundles. The validation procedure encompasses different approaches, including simple overlap with manual segmentations from two experts, feasibility ratings from external multiple clinical raters and relation with task-based functional MRI. Overall, our results demonstrate good quantitative agreement between automated and manual segmentation, in most cases better performances of the proposed method in qualitative terms, and meaningful relationships with task-based fMRI. In addition, we observed significant differences between experts in terms of both manual segmentation and external ratings. These results offer important insights on how different levels of validation complement each other, supporting the idea that overlap-based measures, although quantitative, do not offer a full perspective on the similarities and differences between automated and manual methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mancini
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sjoerd B Vos
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Vejay N Vakharia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Aidan G O'Keeffe
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karin Trimmel
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London, London, UK; Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Salil Soman
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA 00215, United States
| | - Gavin P Winston
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John S Duncan
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Rachel Sparks
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Post-operative morbidity ensuing surgery for insular gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 43:987-997. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
135
|
Chernoff BL, Sims MH, Smith SO, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. Direct electrical stimulation of the left frontal aslant tract disrupts sentence planning without affecting articulation. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 36:178-192. [PMID: 31210568 PMCID: PMC6744286 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1619544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sentence production involves mapping from deep structures that specify meaning and thematic roles to surface structures that specify the order and sequencing of production ready elements. We propose that the frontal aslant tract is a key pathway for sequencing complex actions with deep hierarchical structure. In the domain of language, and primarily with respect to the left FAT, we refer to this as the 'Syntagmatic Constraints On Positional Elements' (SCOPE) hypothesis. One prediction made by the SCOPE hypothesis is that disruption of the frontal aslant tract should disrupt sentence production at grammatical phrase boundaries, with no disruption of articulatory processes. We test this prediction in a patient undergoing direct electrical stimulation mapping of the frontal aslant tract during an awake craniotomy to remove a left frontal brain tumor. We found that stimulation of the left FAT prolonged inter-word durations at the start of grammatical phrases, while inter-word durations internal to noun phrases were unaffected, and there was no effect on intra-word articulatory duration. These results provide initial support for the SCOPE hypothesis, and motivate novel directions for future research to explore the functions of this recently discovered component of the language system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max H. Sims
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Susan O. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Bradford Z. Mahon
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Mahon BZ, Miozzo M, Pilcher WH. Direct electrical stimulation mapping of cognitive functions in the human brain. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 36:97-102. [PMID: 31514643 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1630375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation (DES) is a well-established clinical tool for mapping cognitive functions while patients are undergoing awake neurosurgery or invasive long-term monitoring to identify epileptogenic tissue. Despite the proliferation of a range of invasive and noninvasive methods for mapping sensory, motor and cognitive processes in the human brain, DES remains the clinical gold standard for establishing the margins of brain tissue that can be safely removed while avoiding long-term neurological deficits. In parallel, and principally over the last two decades, DES has emerged as a powerful scientific tool for testing hypotheses of brain organization and mechanistic hypotheses of cognitive function. DES can cause transient "lesions" and thus can support causal inferences about the necessity of stimulated brain regions for specific functions, as well as the separability of sensory, motor and cognitive processes. This Special Issue of Cognitive Neuropsychology emphasizes the use of DES as a research tool to advance understanding of normal brain organization and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Michele Miozzo
- Department of Psychology, The New School , New York , NY , USA
| | - Webster H Pilcher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Bernard F, Zemmoura I, Ter Minassian A, Lemée JM, Menei P. Anatomical variability of the arcuate fasciculus: a systematical review. Surg Radiol Anat 2019; 41:889-900. [PMID: 31028450 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The arcuate fasciculus (AF) is a white matter fibers tract that links the lateral temporal with the frontal cortex. The AF can be divided into three components: two superficial indirect short tracts (anterior and posterior) and one deep direct long tract. Both DTI and white matter dissections studies find differences regarding the anatomy of the AF, especially its cortical connections. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive anatomical classification of the AF, using the terminologia anatomica. METHODS Articles (n = 478) were obtained from a systematical PRISMA review. Studies which focused on primates, unhealthy subjects, as well as studies without cortical termination description and review articles were excluded from the analysis. One hundred and ten articles were retained for full-text examination, of which 19 finally fulfilled our criteria to be included in this review. RESULTS We classified main descriptions and variations of each segment of the AF according to fiber orientation and cortical connections. Three types of connections were depicted for each segment of the AF. Concerning the anterior segment, most of the frontal fibers (59.35%) ran from the ventral portion of the precentral gyrus and the posterior part of the pars opercularis, to the supramarginal gyrus (85.0%). Main fibers of the posterior segment of the AF ran from the posterior portion of the middle temporal gyrus (100%) to the angular gyrus (92.0%). In main descriptions of the long segment of the AF, fibers ran from both the ventral portion of the precentral gyrus and posterior part of the pars opercularis (63.9%) to the middle and inferior temporal gyrus (60.3%). Minor subtypes were described in detail in the article. CONCLUSION We provide a comprehensive classification of the anatomy of the AF, regarding the orientation and cortical connections of its fibers. Although fiber orientation is very consistent, cortical endings of the AF may be different from one study to another, or from one individual to another which is a key element to understand the anatomical basis of current models of language or to guide intraoperative stimulation during awake surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bernard
- , Department of Neurosurgery, Teaching Hospital, 49100, Angers, France. .,Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, 28 rue Roger Amsler, 49100, Angers, France.
| | - Ilyess Zemmoura
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Aram Ter Minassian
- Department of Reanimation, Teaching Hospital, 49100, Angers, France.,INSERM, 1066 Department and EA7315 Team, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lemée
- , Department of Neurosurgery, Teaching Hospital, 49100, Angers, France.,CRCINA, UMR 1232 INSERM/CNRS and EA7315 Team, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Menei
- , Department of Neurosurgery, Teaching Hospital, 49100, Angers, France.,CRCINA, UMR 1232 INSERM/CNRS and EA7315 Team, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Ries SK, Piai V, Perry D, Griffin S, Jordan K, Henry R, Knight RT, Berger MS. Roles of ventral versus dorsal pathways in language production: An awake language mapping study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 191:17-27. [PMID: 30769167 PMCID: PMC6402581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human language is organized along two main processing streams connecting posterior temporal cortex and inferior frontal cortex in the left hemisphere, travelling dorsal and ventral to the Sylvian fissure. Some views propose a dorsal motor versus ventral semantic division. Others propose division by combinatorial mechanism, with the dorsal stream responsible for combining elements into a sequence and the ventral stream for forming semantic dependencies independent of sequential order. We acquired data from direct cortical stimulation in the left hemisphere in 17 neurosurgical patients and subcortical resection in a subset of 10 patients as part of awake language mapping. Two language tasks were employed: a sentence generation (SG) task tested the ability to form sequential and semantic dependencies, and a picture-word interference (PWI) task manipulated semantic interference. Results show increased error rates in the SG versus PWI task during subcortical testing in the dorsal stream territory, and high error rates in both tasks in the ventral stream territory. Connectivity maps derived from diffusion imaging and seeded in the tumor sites show that patients with more errors in the SG than in the PWI task had tumor locations associated with a dorsal stream connectivity pattern. Patients with the opposite pattern of results had tumor locations associated with a more ventral stream connectivity pattern. These findings provide initial evidence using fiber tract disruption with electrical stimulation that the dorsal pathways are critical for organizing words in a sequence necessary for sentence generation, and the ventral pathways are critical for processing semantic dependencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Ries
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, United States; Center for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University, United States; Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, United States.
| | - V Piai
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognition, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D Perry
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, United States
| | - S Griffin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - K Jordan
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, United States; Joint Doctoral Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and Berkeley, United States
| | - R Henry
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, United States
| | - R T Knight
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - M S Berger
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, United States
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Pichierri A, Bradley M, Iyer V. Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Glioma Resections in Awake or Asleep Settings and Feasibility in the Context of a Public Health System. World Neurosurg X 2019; 3:100022. [PMID: 31225516 PMCID: PMC6584609 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2019.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the most recent surgical aids and tools, surgical removal of infiltrating brain tumors remains a challenge. Unclear margins, edematous areas, and infiltrative behavior are the main causes for failing gross total removals. Also, excessive resection of peri-tumoral tissue often carries risks of damaging the nearby functioning cortical and subcortical structures with an unacceptable decrease in patient's quality of life and postoperative functional status, and the risk of making patients not eligible to adjuvant treatments. Awake surgery and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ioMRI) are among the most effective aids in preventing damage to functional brain while maximizing the extent of resection. Methods We present our series of 46 patients operated on at Southmead Hospital (North Bristol NHS Trust) in between July 2014 and February 2017 using ioMRI plus or minus awake surgery. Setting, patient features, indications, type and size of tumors, surgical times, extent of resection, morbidity, and survival are analyzed and discussed. Results Overall, ioMRI check led to a +43% resections in Group 1 and +58% in Group 2. In grade 2 tumors, GTR was 46% in Group 1 and 55% in Group 2 (41% in control group). In grade 3 tumors, GTR was 57% in Group 1 and 66% in Group 2 (30% in control group). In Grade 4 tumors, GTR was 63% in Group 1, 66% in Group 2 (36% in control group). In terms of theatre occupation, the use of ioMRI added 1/2 operative session; the addition of awake surgery implied the use of another 1/2 operative session. Morbidity did not differ among the groups, with low incidence of permanent post-operative deficits (<5%). Group 2 OS was statistically longer when compared to the control group. Conclusions Using ioMRI together with awake surgery is demanding for the anesthetic team, staff nurses, and for the patient. Nevertheless, low morbidity, greater total resections rates, and longer survival suggest its use is effective in making more approachable gliomas of all grades that we would consider “complex” due to their intrinsic features or locations.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-ALA, 5-Aminolevulinic acid
- Awake surgery
- EOR, Extent of resection
- FLAIR, Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
- GBM, Glioblastoma multiforme
- GTR, Gross total resection
- Glioma
- HGG, High-grade glioma
- LGG, Low-grade glioma
- MAC, Monitored anesthesia care
- Neuro-oncology
- OS, Overall survival
- PFS, Progression-free survival
- PR, Partial resection
- PS, Performance Status
- Survival
- Volumetric analysis
- WHO, World Health Organization
- ioMRI
- ioMRI, Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Pichierri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Bradley
- Department of Neuroradiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Venkat Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Boukadi M, Marcotte K, Bedetti C, Houde JC, Desautels A, Deslauriers-Gauthier S, Chapleau M, Boré A, Descoteaux M, Brambati SM. Test-Retest Reliability of Diffusion Measures Extracted Along White Matter Language Fiber Bundles Using HARDI-Based Tractography. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1055. [PMID: 30692910 PMCID: PMC6339903 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI)-based tractography has been increasingly used in longitudinal studies on white matter macro- and micro-structural changes in the language network during language acquisition and in language impairments. However, test-retest reliability measurements are essential to ascertain that the longitudinal variations observed are not related to data processing. The aims of this study were to determine the reproducibility of the reconstruction of major white matter fiber bundles of the language network using anatomically constrained probabilistic tractography with constrained spherical deconvolution based on HARDI data, as well as to assess the test-retest reliability of diffusion measures extracted along them. Eighteen right-handed participants were scanned twice, one week apart. The arcuate, inferior longitudinal, inferior fronto-occipital, and uncinate fasciculi were reconstructed in the left and right hemispheres and the following diffusion measures were extracted along each tract: fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity, number of fiber orientations, mean length of streamlines, and volume. All fiber bundles showed good morphological overlap between the two scanning timepoints and the test-retest reliability of all diffusion measures in most fiber bundles was good to excellent. We thus propose a fairly simple, but robust, HARDI-based tractography pipeline reliable for the longitudinal study of white matter language fiber bundles, which increases its potential applicability to research on the neurobiological mechanisms supporting language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Boukadi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Marcotte
- Centre de Recherche du CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École d'Orthophonie et d'Audiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Bedetti
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Houde
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, Département d'Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Desautels
- Centre de Recherche du CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marianne Chapleau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, Département d'Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simona M Brambati
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Corrivetti F, de Schotten MT, Poisson I, Froelich S, Descoteaux M, Rheault F, Mandonnet E. Dissociating motor–speech from lexico-semantic systems in the left frontal lobe: insight from a series of 17 awake intraoperative mappings in glioma patients. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1151-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
142
|
Sledge runner fasciculus: anatomic architecture and tractographic morphology. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1051-1066. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
143
|
van Ierschot F, Bastiaanse R, Miceli G. Evaluating Spelling in Glioma Patients Undergoing Awake Surgery: a Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 28:470-495. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
144
|
Ille S, Engel L, Kelm A, Meyer B, Krieg SM. Language-Eloquent White Matter Pathway Tractography and the Course of Language Function in Glioma Patients. Front Oncol 2018; 8:572. [PMID: 30574455 PMCID: PMC6291459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Object: As various recent studies show, damage to white matter pathways leads to permanent functional deficits in a high percentage of patients. Particularly the subcortical language network is complex, and its visualization has a tremendous relevance for neurosurgeons. This pilot study aims to correlate language-eloquent white matter pathways with the course of language function after the resection of left-sided perisylvian gliomas. Methods: We included 10 patients who underwent resection of highly language-eloquent high- (9 pts) and low-grade gliomas (1 pts). We performed navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS)-based tractography via diffusion tensor imaging fiber trackings (DTI FT) preoperatively (PRE-1), postoperatively (POST-1), and at long-term follow up or tumor recurrence (PRE-2). We separately tracked the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle (IFOF), the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and the superior longitudinal (SLF), and arcuate fascicle (AF), and correlated the amount of visualized fibers to the patients' language function at each date. Results: The changes of nrTMS-based DTI FTs of single white matter pathways correlated with the according status of language function for any of the pathways in 80% of patients and in 19 of 30 (63%) single pathway comparisons between PRE-1 and POST-1. Between POST-1 and PRE-2 the nrTMS-based DTI FTs correlated with the status of language function for any of the pathways in all patients and in 24 of 30 (80%) single pathway comparisons. Single FT results correlated with the according status of language function at POST-1 in 60, 70, and 60% of cases, and with the according status of language function at PRE-2 in 60, 90, and 90% of cases for the tracking of the IFOF, FAT, and SLF/AF, respectively. Conclusion: By the present results we were able to show that nrTMS-based DTI FT of the IFOF, FAT, and SLF/AF mainly correlates with the according status of language function preoperatively, postoperatively, and at long-term follow up after the resection of left-sided perisylvian gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ille
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany
| | - Lara Engel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany
| | - Anna Kelm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Münich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Fedorenko E, Williams ZM, Ferreira VS. Remaining Puzzles about Morpheme Production in the Posterior Temporal Lobe. Neuroscience 2018; 392:160-163. [PMID: 30278250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using data from time-resolved cortical stimulation, intracranial neural recordings, and focal surgical resections, Lee et al. (2018) demonstrate that a small area within left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) supports the ability to produce functional morphemes but not other basic aspects of language production or comprehension. These findings are intriguing because they raise important questions about the functional architecture of language processing, including critically, the relationship between production and comprehension. Here, we highlight some of the puzzles that remain and that we hope will guide future empirical explorations of the cognitive and neural mechanisms that support our capacity for language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Ziv M Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Hoyau E, Roux-Sibilon A, Boudiaf N, Pichat C, Cousin E, Krainik A, Jaillard A, Peyrin C, Baciu M. Aging modulates fronto-temporal cortical interactions during lexical production. A dynamic causal modeling study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 184:11-19. [PMID: 29913316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this dynamic causal modeling (DCM) study, we evaluated the effect of age on the effective connectivity of a cerebral network involved in lexical production. Younger and older adults performed an object naming task during fMRI. The DCM was used to explore the interactions between four regions of interest: the occipital cortex, OC; the lateral temporal cortex, LTC; the medial temporal cortex, MTC; and the inferior frontal cortex, IFC. We mainly focused on the modulation of the fronto-temporal interaction, according to the hypothesis that aging requires strategies that modulate the access to the semantic knowledge, either through a neural reserve mechanism (increased MTC-LTC connectivity) or through a neural compensation mechanism (supplementary IFC-MTC connectivity). For younger adults, our results indicated a bi-directional interaction between the left IFC and LTC suggesting a typical activation related to lexico-semantic representations. For older adults, our results reveal the existence of bi-directional interaction between the IFC and MTC, but not between the IFC and LTC - which in turn suggests that older adults adapt a new strategy, via supplemental access to conceptual access and semantic retrieval processes. This neural compensation strategy would be facilitated by a top-down mechanism from the IFC to the MTC. We discuss our results in the context of the possible additional strategies used by older compared to younger adults, to retrieve and produce words.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Hoyau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Roux-Sibilon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - N Boudiaf
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Pichat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E Cousin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Krainik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - A Jaillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Peyrin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Baciu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Rofes A, Mandonnet E, de Aguiar V, Rapp B, Tsapkini K, Miceli G. Language processing from the perspective of electrical stimulation mapping. Cogn Neuropsychol 2018; 36:117-139. [PMID: 29996708 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1485636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrical Stimulation (ES) is a neurostimulation technique that is used to localize language functions in the brain of people with intractable epilepsy and/or brain tumors. We reviewed 25 ES articles published between 1984 and 2018 and interpreted them from a cognitive neuropsychological perspective. Our aim was to highlight ES as a tool to further our understanding of cognitive models of language. We focused on associations and dissociations between cognitive functions within the framework of two non-neuroanatomically specified models of language. Also, we discussed parallels between the ES and the stroke literatures and showed how ES data can help us to generate hypotheses regarding how language is processed. A good understanding of cognitive models of language is essential to motivate task selection and to tailor surgical procedures, for example, by avoiding testing the same cognitive functions and understanding which functions may be more or less relevant to be tested during surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Rofes
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Emmanuel Mandonnet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital , Paris , France.,University Diderot Paris 7 , Paris , France.,Frontlab, INSERM, ICM , Paris , France
| | - Vânia de Aguiar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Brenda Rapp
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Kyrana Tsapkini
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Gabriele Miceli
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences, University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Herbet G, Moritz-Gasser S, Lemaitre AL, Almairac F, Duffau H. Functional compensation of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus for picture naming. Cogn Neuropsychol 2018; 36:140-157. [DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1477749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Montpellier, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Moritz-Gasser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Montpellier, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Almairac
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nice University Medical Center, Nice, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051 (Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors research group), Montpellier, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Sigmund Freud-early network theories of the brain. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018; 160:1235-1242. [PMID: 29589121 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the early days of modern neuroscience, psychological models of brain function have been a key component in the development of new knowledge. These models aim to provide a framework that allows the integration of discoveries derived from the fundamental disciplines of neuroscience, including anatomy and physiology, as well as clinical neurology and psychiatry. During the initial stages of his career, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), became actively involved in these nascent fields with a burgeoning interest in functional neuroanatomy. In contrast to his contemporaries, Freud was convinced that cognition could not be localised to separate modules and that the brain processes cognition not in a merely serial manner but in a parallel and dynamic fashion-anticipating fundamental aspects of current network theories of brain function. This article aims to shed light on Freud's seminal, yet oft-overlooked, early work on functional neuroanatomy and his reasons for finally abandoning the conventional neuroscientific "brain-based" reference frame in order to conceptualise the mind from a purely psychological perspective.
Collapse
|
150
|
Chernoff BL, Teghipco A, Garcea FE, Sims MH, Paul DA, Tivarus ME, Smith SO, Pilcher WH, Mahon BZ. A Role for the Frontal Aslant Tract in Speech Planning: A Neurosurgical Case Study. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:752-769. [PMID: 29569513 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Frontal and temporal white matter pathways play key roles in language processing, but the specific computations supported by different tracts remain a matter of study. A role in speech planning has been proposed for a recently described pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), which connects the posterior inferior frontal gyrus to the pre-SMA. Here, we use longitudinal functional and structural MRI and behavioral testing to evaluate the behavioral consequences of a lesion to the left FAT that was incurred during surgical resection of a frontal glioma in a 60-year-old woman, Patient AF. The pattern of performance in AF is compared, using the same measures, with that in a 37-year-old individual who underwent a left anterior temporal resection and hippocampectomy (Patient AG). AF and AG were both cognitively intact preoperatively but exhibited specific and doubly dissociable behavioral deficits postoperatively: AF had dysfluent speech but no word finding difficulty, whereas AG had word finding difficulty but otherwise fluent speech. Probabilistic tractography showed that the left FAT was lesioned postoperatively in AF (but not AG) whereas the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was lesioned in AG (but not AF). Those structural changes were supported by corresponding changes in functional connectivity to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus: decreased functional connectivity postoperatively between the posterior inferior frontal gyrus and pre-SMA in AF (but not AG) and decreased functional connectivity between the posterior inferior frontal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus in AG (but not AF). We suggest from these findings that the left FAT serves as a key communicative link between sentence planning and lexical access processes.
Collapse
|