101
|
Abstract
Many potentially toxic electrophilic xenobiotics and some endogenous compounds are detoxified by conversion to the corresponding glutathione S-conjugate, which is metabolized to the N-acetylcysteine S-conjugate (mercapturate) and excreted. Some mercapturate pathway components, however, are toxic. Bioactivation (toxification) may occur when the glutathione S-conjugate (or mercapturate) is converted to a cysteine S-conjugate that undergoes a β-lyase reaction. If the sulfhydryl-containing fragment produced in this reaction is reactive, toxicity may ensue. Some drugs and halogenated workplace/environmental contaminants are bioactivated by this mechanism. On the other hand, cysteine S-conjugate β-lyases occur in nature as a means of generating some biologically useful sulfhydryl-containing compounds.
Collapse
|
102
|
Bai B, Yan C, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Zhu WH. Dual-channel near-infrared fluorescent probe for real-time tracking of endogenous γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12393-12396. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We developed a curcuminoid difluoroboron-based fluorescent probe for tracking endogenous GGT activity with dual-channel light-up near-infrared (NIR) imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
| | - Chenxu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
| | - Yutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Liu HW, Chen L, Xu C, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang XB, Tan W. Recent progresses in small-molecule enzymatic fluorescent probes for cancer imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7140-7180. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An overview of recent advances in small-molecule enzymatic fluorescent probes for cancer imaging, including design strategies and cancer imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wen Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Chengyan Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Zhe Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Liu W, Huang B, Tong ZX, Wang S, Li YJ, Dai YY. A sensitive two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe for γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity detection and imaging in living cells and cancer tissues. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00520f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We develop a novel ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe that allows highly sensitive and selective detection and imaging of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation
- East China University of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Zong-Xuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/BioSensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation
- East China University of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation
- East China University of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-You Dai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation
- East China University of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Shi B, Zhang Z, Jin Q, Wang Z, Tang J, Xu G, Zhu T, Gong X, Tang X, Zhao C. Selective tracking of ovarian-cancer-specific γ-glutamyltranspeptidase using a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7439-7443. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Real-time tracking of GGT enzymatic activity in human ovarian cancer cells is a reliable method for accurate prediction of cancer diagnosis and management.
Collapse
|
106
|
Regulation of protein function by S-nitrosation and S-glutathionylation: processes and targets in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1267-1293. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDecades of chemical, biochemical and pathophysiological research have established the relevance of post-translational protein modifications induced by processes related to oxidative stress, with critical reflections on cellular signal transduction pathways. A great deal of the so-called ‘redox regulation’ of cell function is in fact mediated through reactions promoted by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on more or less specific aminoacid residues in proteins, at various levels within the cell machinery. Modifications involving cysteine residues have received most attention, due to the critical roles they play in determining the structure/function correlates in proteins. The peculiar reactivity of these residues results in two major classes of modifications, with incorporation of NO moieties (S-nitrosation, leading to formation of proteinS-nitrosothiols) or binding of low molecular weight thiols (S-thionylation, i.e. in particularS-glutathionylation,S-cysteinylglycinylation andS-cysteinylation). A wide array of proteins have been thus analyzed in detail as far as their susceptibility to either modification or both, and the resulting functional changes have been described in a number of experimental settings. The present review aims to provide an update of available knowledge in the field, with a special focus on the respective (sometimes competing and antagonistic) roles played by proteinS-nitrosations andS-thionylations in biochemical and cellular processes specifically pertaining to pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
107
|
Hatem E, El Banna N, Huang ME. Multifaceted Roles of Glutathione and Glutathione-Based Systems in Carcinogenesis and Anticancer Drug Resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1217-1234. [PMID: 28537430 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione is the most abundant antioxidant molecule in living organisms and has multiple functions. Intracellular glutathione homeostasis, through its synthesis, consumption, and degradation, is an intricately balanced process. Glutathione levels are often high in tumor cells before treatment, and there is a strong correlation between elevated levels of intracellular glutathione/sustained glutathione-mediated redox activity and resistance to pro-oxidant anticancer therapy. Recent Advances: Ample evidence demonstrates that glutathione and glutathione-based systems are particularly relevant in cancer initiation, progression, and the development of anticancer drug resistance. CRITICAL ISSUES This review highlights the multifaceted roles of glutathione and glutathione-based systems in carcinogenesis, anticancer drug resistance, and clinical applications. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The evidence summarized here underscores the important role played by glutathione and the glutathione-based systems in carcinogenesis and anticancer drug resistance. Future studies should address mechanistic questions regarding the distinct roles of glutathione in different stages of cancer development and cancer cell death. It will be important to study how metabolic alterations in cancer cells can influence glutathione homeostasis. Sensitive approaches to monitor glutathione dynamics in subcellular compartments will be an indispensible step. Therapeutic perspectives should focus on mechanism-based rational drug combinations that are directed against multiple redox targets using effective, specific, and clinically safe inhibitors. This new strategy is expected to produce a synergistic effect, prevent drug resistance, and diminish doses of single drugs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1217-1234.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hatem
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Nadine El Banna
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Zhu Y, Zhang AJ, Wu DB, Shen Z, Chen G, Shi YY, Wu H, Wang J. Prognostic significance of the pretreatment serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in Chinese patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115701-115708. [PMID: 29383193 PMCID: PMC5777805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the pretreatment serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels in a Chinese cohort of patients with early-stage or locally advanced cervical cancer. The pretreatment serum GGT levels were examined in 290 cervical cancer patients with stage I-III disease and 230 healthy controls selected from a cancer-free population in the same region. Patients were assigned to normal or high-risk GGT groups, as previously described, and the GGT levels were correlated to clinicopathologic parameters and survival data. The GGT levels in cervical cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (35.6 ± 29.1 vs. 24.1 ± 14.7 U/L, P < 0.001). In addition, the pretreatment serum GGT levels were associated with the histology type (P = 0.023), lymph node involvement (P = 0.040), stage (P = 0.029), recurrence (P = 0.015) and death (P = 0.005), but not with age (P = 0.432), tumor size (P = 0.067) or degree of differentiation (P = 0.901). Moreover, univariate survival analysis revealed that patients with high GGT levels tended to have poorer disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR), 1.721; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.189–2.491; P = 0.004] and overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.929; 95% CI, 1.294–2.876; P = 0.001) compared to those with normal GGT levels. However, a multivariate Cox-regression model did not support these data (HR, 1.373; 95% CI, 0.925–2.039; P = 0.116 for DFS and HR, 1.357; 95% CI, 0.887–2.078; P = 0.160 for OS, respectively) after adjusting for other confounding variables. High pretreatment serum GGT was associated with more advanced tumor behavior, but could not serve as an independent prognostic indicator in patients with early-stage or locally advanced cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Bao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Tian J, Yan Q, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Li J, Shi B, Xu G, Fan C, Zhao C. Enzyme-Triggered Fluorescence Turn-on: A Probe for Specifically Imaging Ovarian-Cancer-Related γ
-Glutamyltranspeptidase. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qinglong Yan
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Jichao Zhang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ben Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ge Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Chiba M, Ichikawa Y, Kamiya M, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Nagano T, Lange N, Urano Y. An Activatable Photosensitizer Targeted to γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuki Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva University of Lausanne 1 Rue Michel Servet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Chiba M, Ichikawa Y, Kamiya M, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Nagano T, Lange N, Urano Y. An Activatable Photosensitizer Targeted to γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuki Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva University of Lausanne 1 Rue Michel Servet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Luo M, Sun W, Wu C, Zhang L, Liu D, Li W, Mei Q, Hu G. High pretreatment serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase predicts an inferior outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67651-67662. [PMID: 28978060 PMCID: PMC5620200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) which plays an important role in tumor initiation, invasion, drug resistance is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancers. This study was designed to estimate whether pretreatment serum GGT could predict the clinical outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Results An optimal cutoff value was identified as 23 U/L for GGT. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis demonstrated that elevated GGT was correlated with shorter local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (HR, 4.163; 95% CI, 1.690-10.251; p=0.023), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 3.119; 95% CI, 1.955-4.976; p=0.031) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 2.811; 95% CI, 1.614-4.896; p=0.007). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 374 patients with NPC. Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate and compare the prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to carry out univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusion Pretreatment GGT can be a novel and independent prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Mohammed M, Abdel-Gawad E, Awwad S, Kandil E, El-Agamy B. Therapeutic role of a synthesized calcium phosphate nanocomposite material on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 94:279-88. [PMID: 27276232 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biological applications will form the greatest sector of expansion over the next decade. With this in mind, this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a synthesized tricalcium phosphate nanocomposite material (nano-TCP) on hepatocarcinoma in a rat model, as initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and promoted with phenobarbital (PB). Hepatocarcinoma was induced with intraperitoneal injections of DEN (50 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Three weeks after the last dose of DEN, the rats received PB (0.05 %, w/v) in their drinking water for a further 6 weeks. Nano-TCP (100 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)) was administered intraperitoneally 3 times per week to rats with HCC. At the end of the experimental period, liver samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The degree of DNA fragmentation was analyzed, in addition to immune status, by measuring the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The activities of the most important free-radical scavengers of the antioxidant defense system as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and liver enzymes were measured. The levels of hepatic heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), caspase-3, and metalloproteinase-9 were also measured as markers for inflammation and apoptosis. Histopathological examination of liver tissue was performed. The results revealed the potent efficacy of nano-TCP in repairing the fragmented DNA and ameliorating most of the investigated parameters by significant elevation in the levels of hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), MDA, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), HSP-70, and caspase-3 levels upon treatment. The findings form histopathological examination of the liver tissues agreed with the biochemical results and confirmed the difference between the control and treatment groups. In conclusion, nano-TCP succeeded in treating hepatocarcinoma efficiently, and presents a new hope for patients to get safe, fast, and effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Mohammed
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdel-Gawad
- b Radioisotopes Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Kandil
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma El-Agamy
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Hai Z, Wu J, Wang L, Xu J, Zhang H, Liang G. Bioluminescence Sensing of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7017-7021. [PMID: 28605900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is an important tumor biomarker but using a bioluminescence (BL) probe to real time monitor its activity has not been reported. Herein, we rationally designed two GGT-cleavable BL probes Glu-AmLH2 (1) and Glu-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl-AmLH2 (2), and successfully applied them for sensing GGT activity with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that, although 2 had lower background BL signal than 1, GGT had higher catalytic efficiency for 1 than 2, and 1 was superior to 2 for sensing GGT activity in living cells and tumors. We envision that our probe 1 could be widely applied for the diagnosis of important GGT-related diseases in animal models in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Hai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Miyata Y, Ishizawa T, Kamiya M, Yamashita S, Hasegawa K, Ushiku A, Shibahara J, Fukayama M, Urano Y, Kokudo N. Intraoperative imaging of hepatic cancers using γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-specific fluorophore enabling real-time identification and estimation of recurrence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3542. [PMID: 28615696 PMCID: PMC5471246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is upregulated in a variety of human cancers including primary and secondary hepatic tumors. This motivated us to use γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG), a novel fluorophore emitting light at around 520 nm following enzymatic reaction with GGT, as a tool for the intraoperative identification of hepatic tumors. gGlu-HMRG was topically applied to 103 freshly resected hepatic specimens. Fluorescence imaging using gGlu-HMRG identified hepatic tumors with the sensitivity/specificity of 48%/96% for hepatocellular carcinoma, 100%/100% for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 87%/100% for colorectal liver metastasis. High gGlu-HMRG fluorescence intensity was positively associated with the incidence of microscopic vascular invasion in HCC and the risk of early postoperative recurrence in CRLM. These results suggest that gGlu-HMRG imaging could not only be a useful intraoperative navigation tool but also provide information related to postoperative disease recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Miyata
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishizawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamashita
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Shibahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Moreira AJ, Rodrigues GR, Bona S, Fratta LXS, Weber GR, Picada JN, Dos Santos JL, Cerski CT, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Ductular reaction, cytokeratin 7 positivity, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:911-920. [PMID: 27525410 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is characterized by multistage formation. The presence of ductular reaction, cytokeratin 7 positivity (PCK7), and increased levels of gamma glutamyltransferase (γGT) has been observed during liver carcinogenesis and contribute to tumor progression. Our goal was to evaluate the ductular reaction in multistage carcinogenesis and to correlate PCK7 and γGT levels with tumor incidence, histological characteristics, liver DNA damage index, and the expression of oxidative stress proteins. HCC was induced in 24 male Wistar rats weighing 145-150 g by chronic and intermittent exposure to 50 or 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Six control animals received only vehicle. Blood was collected to determine hepatic enzyme levels. Animals were divided into three groups: control (CO), precancerous lesions (PL), and advanced HCC. Liver samples were obtained for immunohistochemical analyses and the measurement of protein expression. Statistical analyses included Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation analyses. We observed an extensive ductular reaction in advanced HCC and a strong correlation between PCK7 and levels of γGT and the poor prognosis and aggressiveness of HCC. The extent of PCK7 and high γGT levels were associated with overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF-1). However, PCK7 and γGT levels were negatively correlated with protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and inducible heat shock protein 70 (iHSP70). These findings suggest that ductular reaction is involved in the progression of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Janz Moreira
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy of Porto Alegre Institute, IPA, Rua Joaquim Pedro Salgado, 80, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Graziella Ramos Rodrigues
- Gene Therapy Center, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia Bona
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leila Xavier Sinigaglia Fratta
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Regina Weber
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Dos Santos
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Thadeu Cerski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio Augusto Marroni
- Program in Liver Diseases, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Canoas, Brazil.
- , Rua José Kanan Aranha 102, 91760-470, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Bolz C, Bach NC, Meyer H, Müller G, Dawidowski M, Popowicz G, Sieber SA, Skerra A, Gerhard M. Comparison of enzymatic properties and small molecule inhibition of γ-glutamyltranspeptidases from pathogenic and commensal bacteria. Biol Chem 2017; 398:341-357. [PMID: 27636829 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects the stomach of 50% of the population worldwide, thus causing chronic gastritis. Although this infection can be cured by antibiotic treatment, therapeutic options are increasingly limited due to the development of resistances. The γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gGT) of H. pylori (HpgGT) is a virulence factor important for colonization and contributes to bacterial immune evasion. Therefore, this enzyme is a potential target for developing new anti-infectives. As species specificity of such compounds is required in order to avoid off-target or adverse effects, comparative analysis of the gGTs from different organisms is a prerequisite for drug development. To allow detailed biochemical and enzymatic characterization, recombinant gGTs from five different bacteria as well as Homo sapiens were characterized and compared. Investigation of the enzymatic activity, the binding modes of known inhibitors to the catalytic center, and a high resolution X-ray structure of the HpgGT provided a starting point for the identification of new inhibitory substances targeting HpgGT. Inhibitors with Ki values in the nm to mm range were identified and their binding modes were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results of this study provide a basis for the development of species-specific lead compounds with anti-infective potential by effectively inhibiting HpgGT.
Collapse
|
118
|
Prognostic impact of pretherapeutic gamma-glutamyltransferase on patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172345. [PMID: 28241022 PMCID: PMC5328260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione. Studies suggested that GGT played an important role in the tumor development, progression, invasion and drug resistance and prognosis. The association between GGT and prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the association of pretherapeutic serum level of GGT with clinical-pathological parameters and survival in patients with NPC. Methods Two hundred and twenty-two patients with NPC were recruited in this study and were stratified into two GGT risk groups (≤ 34.5 U/L, > 34.5 U/L). The association of pretherapeutic serum GGT levels with clinical–pathological parameters was examined. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Findings The pretherapeutic serum level of GGT was not associated with gender, age, pathology, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, chemotherapy or radiotherapy in patients with NPC. Patients in the high-risk GGT group had a poorer survival than the low-risk GGT group (3-year overall survival, 74.2% vs. 50.2%, P = 0.001; 3-year progression-free survival, 76.4% vs. 47.1%, P < 0.001; 3-year loco-regional relapse-free survival, 76.4% vs. 51.3%, P < 0.001; 3-year distant metastasis-free survival, 89.5% vs. 66.4%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that patients in the high-risk GGT group had 2.117 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.225 ∼ 3.659, P = 0.007) times the risk of death, 2.836 (95% CI, 1.765 ∼ 4.557, P < 0.001) times the risk of progression, 2.551 (95% CI, 1.573 ∼ 4.138, P < 0.001) times the risk of relapse, and 3.331 (95% CI, 1.676 ∼ 6.622, P < 0.001) times the risk of metastasis compared with those in the low-risk GGT group. Conclusion The pretherapeutic serum level of GGT might serve as a novel independent prognostic factor for overall-survival, progression-free survival, loco-regional relapse-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival in patients with NPC.
Collapse
|
119
|
Lu SS, Grigoryan H, Edmands WM, Hu W, Iavarone AT, Hubbard A, Rothman N, Vermeulen R, Lan Q, Rappaport SM. Profiling the Serum Albumin Cys34 Adductome of Solid Fuel Users in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:46-57. [PMID: 27936627 PMCID: PMC5567851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties in China have the highest lung cancer rates in the world due to household air pollution from combustion of smoky coal for cooking and heating. To discover potential biomarkers of indoor combustion products, we profiled adducts at the Cys34 locus of human serum albumin (HSA) in 29 nonsmoking Xuanwei and Fuyuan females who used smoky coal, smokeless coal, or wood and 10 local controls who used electricity or gas fuel. Our untargeted "adductomics" method detected 50 tryptic peptides of HSA, containing Cys34 and prominent post-translational modifications. Putative adducts included Cys34 oxidation products, mixed disulfides, rearrangements, and truncations. The most significant differences in adduct levels across fuel types were observed for S-glutathione (S-GSH) and S-γ-glutamylcysteine (S-γ-GluCys), both of which were present at lower levels in subjects exposed to combustion products than in controls. After adjustment for age and personal measurements of airborne benzo(a)pyrene, the largest reductions in levels of S-GSH and S-γ-GluCys relative to controls were observed for users of smoky coal, compared to users of smokeless coal and wood. These results point to possible depletion of GSH, an essential antioxidant, and its precursor γ-GluCys in nonsmoking females exposed to indoor-combustion products in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixin S. Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William M.B. Edmands
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Service, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anthony T. Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Service, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Service, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Stephen M. Rappaport
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author: Prof. S. M. Rappaport, Center for Exposure Biology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Tel: 510-642-4255. Fax: 510-642-5815.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Wang P, Zhang J, Liu HW, Hu XX, Feng LL, Yin X, Zhang XB. An efficient two-photon fluorescent probe for measuring γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity during the oxidative stress process in tumor cells and tissues. Analyst 2017; 142:1813-1820. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel TP excited fluorescent probe for GGT detection and bioimaging in an oxidative stress model in living cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Li-Li Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Xia Yin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Hunan University
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Kunutsor SK. Gamma-glutamyltransferase-friend or foe within? Liver Int 2016; 36:1723-1734. [PMID: 27512925 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme, which is located on the plasma membranes of most cells and organ tissues, but more commonly in hepatocytes, and is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate liver injury and as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption. Among the liver enzymes, important advances have especially been made in understanding the physiological functions of GGT. The primary role of GGT is the extracellular catabolism of glutathione, the major thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells, which plays a relevant role in protecting cells against oxidants produced during normal metabolism; GGT, therefore, plays an important role in cellular defence. Beyond its physiological functions, circulating serum GGT has been linked to a remarkable array of chronic conditions and diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, vascular and nonvascular diseases and mortality outcomes. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and genetic evidence for the associations between GGT and these adverse outcomes, the postulated biologic mechanisms underlying these associations, outlines areas of outstanding uncertainty and the implications for clinical practice.
Collapse
|
122
|
Umezawa K, Yoshida M, Kamiya M, Yamasoba T, Urano Y. Rational design of reversible fluorescent probes for live-cell imaging and quantification of fast glutathione dynamics. Nat Chem 2016; 9:279-286. [PMID: 28221345 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis are associated with a variety of diseases and cellular functions, and therefore, real-time live-cell imaging and quantification of GSH dynamics are important for understanding pathophysiological processes. However, existing fluorescent probes are unsuitable for these purposes due to their irreversible fluorogenic mechanisms or slow reaction rates. In this work, we have successfully overcome these problems by establishing a design strategy inspired by Mayr's work on nucleophilic reaction kinetics. The synthesized probes exhibit concentration-dependent, reversible and rapid absorption/fluorescence changes (t1/2 = 620 ms at [GSH] = 1 mM), as well as appropriate Kd values (1-10 mM: within the range of intracellular GSH concentrations). We also developed FRET-based ratiometric probes, and demonstrated that they are useful for quantifying GSH concentration in various cell types and also for real-time live-cell imaging of GSH dynamics with temporal resolution of seconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Umezawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology (JST) Agency, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332 0012, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.,CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Tong H, Zheng Y, Zhou L, Li X, Qian R, Wang R, Zhao J, Lou K, Wang W. Enzymatic Cleavage and Subsequent Facile Intramolecular Transcyclization for in Situ Fluorescence Detection of γ-Glutamyltranspetidase Activities. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10816-10820. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Gamma-glutamyltransferase as novel biomarker in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33757. [PMID: 27646551 PMCID: PMC5028736 DOI: 10.1038/srep33757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is an established marker for proliferative/apoptotic balance and has been associated with cancer risk and prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of pre-treatment GGT serum levels as prognostic biomarker in patients with primary uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS). Data of women with ULMS were extracted from a multi-center database. Pre-treatment GGT serum levels were measured and patients assigned to predefined GGT risk groups. GGT values were correlated with clinico-pathological parameters and univariate and multivariable survival analyses were performed. A total of 44 patients with ULMS were analyzed. Mean (SD) pre-therapeutic GGT serum level was 33.8 (39.8) U/L. In Figo Stage I versus II-IV mean (SD) GGT values were 28.8 (34.0) U/l and 43.5 (49.2) U/l, respectively (p = 0.25). Five-year overall survival (OS) rates in ULMS patients with normal low versus higher GGT levels were 70% and 37%, respectively (p = 0.043). Univariate and multivariable analyses revealed that higher GGT serum levels (p = 0.043, p = 0.005) and high histological grade (p = 0.029, p = 0.012) were independently associated with impaired OS, respectively. Higher pre-treatment GGT serum levels were independently associated with unfavorable prognosis in women with ULMS. Thus, GGT seems to be a useful novel biomarker in ULMS.
Collapse
|
125
|
Phosphonate-based irreversible inhibitors of human γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). GGsTop is a non-toxic and highly selective inhibitor with critical electrostatic interaction with an active-site residue Lys562 for enhanced inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5340-5352. [PMID: 27622749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) that catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of glutathione and its S-conjugates is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes through glutathione metabolism and is an attractive pharmaceutical target. We report here the evaluation of a phosphonate-based irreversible inhibitor, 2-amino-4-{[3-(carboxymethyl)phenoxy](methoyl)phosphoryl}butanoic acid (GGsTop) and its analogues as a mechanism-based inhibitor of human GGT. GGsTop is a stable compound, but inactivated the human enzyme significantly faster than the other phosphonates, and importantly did not inhibit a glutamine amidotransferase. The structure-activity relationships, X-ray crystallography with Escherichia coli GGT, sequence alignment and site-directed mutagenesis of human GGT revealed a critical electrostatic interaction between the terminal carboxylate of GGsTop and the active-site residue Lys562 of human GGT for potent inhibition. GGsTop showed no cytotoxicity toward human fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells up to 1mM. GGsTop serves as a non-toxic, selective and highly potent irreversible GGT inhibitor that could be used for various in vivo as well as in vitro biochemical studies.
Collapse
|
126
|
Harada T, Nakamura Y, Sato K, Nagaya T, Choyke PL, Seto Y, Kobayashi H. Surgical tissue handling methods to optimize ex vivo fluorescence with the activatable optical probe γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:572-578. [PMID: 27444370 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical fluorescence imaging has been developed as an aid to intraoperative diagnosis to improve surgical and endoscopic procedures. Compared with other intraoperative imaging methods, it is lower in cost, has a high safety margin, is portable and easy to use. γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) is a recently developed activatable fluorescence probe that emits strong fluorescence in the presence of the enzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), which is overexpressed in many cancers, including ovarian cancer. Ex vivo testing is important for clinical approval of such probes. The diagnostic performance of gGlu-HMRG in fresh excised surgical specimens has been reported; however, details of tissue handling have not been optimized. In this study, we investigated four different tissue handling procedures to optimize imaging in excised tumor specimens. The fluorescence intensity time courses after the different tissue handling methods were compared. Additionally, the fluorescence positive areas were correlated with the presence of red fluorescent protein (RFP) in an RFP positive cell line as the standard of reference for cancer location. In the 'intact' groups, tumors yielded quick and homogeneous activation of gGlu-HMRG. In the 'rinse' and 'cut' groups, the fluorescence intensity of the tumor was a little lower than that in the intact group. In the 'pressed' groups, however, fluorescence intensity from gGlu-HMRG was lower over the entire time course, suggesting a decrease or relocation of excreted GGT. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the method of tissue handling prior to ex vivo imaging with the activatable probe gGlu-HMRG has a strong influence on the signal derived from the specimen. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Harada
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Stomach and Esophageal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Mizushima T, Ohnishi S, Shimizu Y, Hatanaka Y, Hatanaka KC, Hosono H, Kubota Y, Natsuizaka M, Kamiya M, Ono S, Homma A, Kato M, Sakamoto N, Urano Y. Fluorescent imaging of superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using a γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-activated targeting agent: a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:411. [PMID: 27387955 PMCID: PMC4936014 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Detecting superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by endoscopy is challenging because of limited morphological hallmarks, and iodine cannot be applied to head and neck lesions due to severe mucosal irritation. γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a cell surface enzyme, is overexpressed in several cancers, and it has been reported that γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG), a fluorescent targeting agent which can be enzymatically activated and becomes fluorescent after cleavage of a GGT-specific sequence, can be activated within a few minutes after application to animal models. We investigated whether early HNSCC can be detected by applying gGlu-HMRG to clinical samples. Methods gGlu-HMRG was applied to four HNSCC cell lines, and fluorescence was observed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Immunohistological examination was performed in three recent cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to investigate GGT expression. Fluorescence imaging with gGlu-HMRG in eight clinical samples resected by ESD or surgery was performed, and fluorescence intensity of tumor and normal mucosa regions of interest (ROI) was prospectively measured. Results All four gGlu-HMRG-applied cell lines emitted green fluorescence. Immunohistological examination demonstrated that GGT was highly expressed in HNSCC of the recent three ESD cases but barely in the normal mucosa. Fluorescence imaging showed that iodine-voiding lesions became fluorescent within a few minutes after application of gGlu-HMRG in all eight resected tumors. Tumor ROI fluorescence intensity was significantly higher than in the normal mucosa five minutes after gGlu-HMRG application. Conclusions Fluorescence imaging with gGlu-HMRG would be useful for early detection of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Hosono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shouko Ono
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Kato
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, 7-1 Ootemachi-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Elevated Preoperative Serum Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase Predicts Poor Prognosis for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28835. [PMID: 27381639 PMCID: PMC4933871 DOI: 10.1038/srep28835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that is involved in biotransformation, nucleic acid metabolism, and tumourigenesis. Elevated serum γ-GGT levels are related to an increased cancer risk and worse prognosis in many cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of preoperative serum γ-GGT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation (LT). A total of 130 HCC patients after LT were included in the study. The optimal cut-off value of γ-GGT was 128U/L by receiver operating characteristic analysis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.0% and 72.9%, respectively. Elevated preoperative serum γ-GGT was significantly associated with high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), large tumor size, and macro- and micro-vascular invasion. The 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of HCC patients in the γ-GGT > 128U/L group were poorer than those in the γ-GGT ≤ 128U/L group. Stratification analysis revealed that γ-GGT exhibited a greater predictive value for DFS and OS in HCC patients beyond the Milan criteria and no macro-vascular invasion. In conclusion, elevated preoperative serum γ-GGT was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage and aggressive tumor behaviors, and serum γ-GGT can be considered as a prognostic factor for HCC patients after LT, especially for patients beyond the Milan criteria or without macro-vascular invasion.
Collapse
|
129
|
Li L, Shi W, Wu X, Gong Q, Li X, Ma H. Monitoring γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and evaluating its inhibitors by a water-soluble near-infrared fluorescent probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:395-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
130
|
Rapid Cancer Fluorescence Imaging Using A γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-Specific Probe For Primary Lung Cancer. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:203-10. [PMID: 27267838 PMCID: PMC4917080 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We set out to examine the activity of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in lung cancer and the validity of γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) for intraoperative imaging of primary lung cancer. METHODS: GGT activities and mRNA expression levels of GGT1 (one of the GGT subtypes) in five human lung cancer cell lines were examined by fluorescence imaging and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo imaging of an orthotopic A549 xenograft model in nude mice was performed to confirm its applicability to intraoperative imaging. Furthermore, ex vivo imaging of 73 specimens from lung cancer patients were performed and analyzed to calculate the sensitivity/specificity of gGlu-HMRG for lung cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: GGT activities and mRNA expression levels of GGT1 are diverse depending on cell type; A549, H441, and H460 showed relatively high GGT activities and expression levels, whereas H82 and H226 showed lower values. In the in vivo mouse model study, tiny pleural dissemination and hilar/mediastinal lymph node metastasis (less than 1 mm in diameter) were clearly detected 15 minutes after topical application of gGlu-HMRG. In the ex vivo study of specimens from patients, the sensitivity and specificity of gGlu-HMRG were calculated to be 43.8% (32/73) and 84.9% (62/73), respectively. When limited to female patients, never smokers, and adenocarcinomas, these values were 78.9% (15/19) and 73.7% (14/19), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although GGT activity of lung cancer cells vary, gGlu-HMRG can serve as an intraoperative imaging tool to detect small foci of lung cancer when such cells have sufficient GGT activity.
Collapse
|
131
|
Fan PW, Zhang D, Halladay JS, Driscoll JP, Khojasteh SC. Going Beyond Common Drug Metabolizing Enzymes: Case Studies of Biotransformation Involving Aldehyde Oxidase, γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, Cathepsin B, Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase, and ADP-Ribosyltransferase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1253-61. [PMID: 27117704 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The significant roles that cytochrome P450 (P450) and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) enzymes play in drug discovery cannot be ignored, and these enzyme systems are commonly examined during drug optimization using liver microsomes or hepatocytes. At the same time, other drug-metabolizing enzymes have a role in the metabolism of drugs and can lead to challenges in drug optimization that could be mitigated if the contributions of these enzymes were better understood. We present examples (mostly from Genentech) of five different non-P450 and non-UGT enzymes that contribute to the metabolic clearance or bioactivation of drugs and drug candidates. Aldehyde oxidase mediates a unique amide hydrolysis of GDC-0834 (N-[3-[6-[4-[(2R)-1,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2-yl]anilino]-4-methyl-5-oxopyrazin-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide), leading to high clearance of the drug. Likewise, the rodent-specific ribose conjugation by ADP-ribosyltransferase leads to high clearance of an interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase inhibitor. Metabolic reactions by flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) are easily mistaken for P450-mediated metabolism such as oxidative defluorination of 4-fluoro-N-methylaniline by FMO. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is involved in the initial hydrolysis of glutathione metabolites, leading to formation of proximate toxins and nephrotoxicity, as is observed with cisplatin in the clinic, or renal toxicity, as is observed with efavirenz in rodents. Finally, cathepsin B is a lysosomal enzyme that is highly expressed in human tumors and has been targeted to release potent cytotoxins, as in the case of brentuximab vedotin. These examples of non-P450- and non-UGT-mediated metabolism show that a more complete understanding of drug metabolizing enzymes allows for better insight into the fate of drugs and improved design strategies of molecules in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Fan
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco (P.W.F., D.Z., S.C.K.); Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto (J.S.H.); MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco (J.P.D.), California
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco (P.W.F., D.Z., S.C.K.); Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto (J.S.H.); MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco (J.P.D.), California
| | - Jason S Halladay
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco (P.W.F., D.Z., S.C.K.); Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto (J.S.H.); MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco (J.P.D.), California
| | - James P Driscoll
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco (P.W.F., D.Z., S.C.K.); Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto (J.S.H.); MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco (J.P.D.), California
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco (P.W.F., D.Z., S.C.K.); Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto (J.S.H.); MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco (J.P.D.), California
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Kamiya M, Urano Y. Rapid and sensitive fluorescent imaging of tiny tumors in vivo and in clinical specimens. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:9-15. [PMID: 27100047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided diagnostics is one of the most powerful techniques for real-time in situ tumor detection. Here, we introduce two categories of fluorescence probes used for tumor imaging (always-on probes and activatable probes) and briefly summarize recent advances in tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging probes and their clinical/preclinical applications, including our recent work on rational design of activatable fluorescence probes for tumors expressing aminopeptidases and glycosidases. These probes enable rapid and sensitive detection of tiny tumors as small as <1mm in diameter, both in vivo and in clinical specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Wang M, Miura Y, Tsuchihashi K, Miyano K, Nagano O, Yoshikawa M, Tanabe A, Makino J, Mochida Y, Nishiyama N, Saya H, Cabral H, Kataoka K. Eradication of CD44-variant positive population in head and neck tumors through controlled intracellular navigation of cisplatin-loaded nanomedicines. J Control Release 2016; 230:26-33. [PMID: 27040816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eventual relapse of tumor growth is commonly observed in head and neck cancer patients, following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapies. This occurrence is believed to be related to the failure to eradicate drug resistant, cancer stem cell (CSC) niches, thereby enriching their population in tumors after treatment. In this study, we show that in contrast to free cisplatin (CDDP), the polymer micelle-based nanomedicine incorporating cisplatin (CDDP/m), can eradicate both the undifferentiated cell and the differentiated cancer cell populations within a head and neck tumor model. Immunohistochemistry of treated tumors showed that opposing to CDDP treatment, CDDP/m could reduce tumor growth without concentrating the CSC-like population. We further showed that CDDP/m, but not CDDP, can localize into hypoxic regions, possibly CSC-rich areas, in the tumors, and can overcome their detoxification mechanism based-on high cellular expression of glutathione to successfully deliver Pt to nuclear DNA. Our data suggests CDDP/m to be a replacement for current platinum therapies, for its ability to eradicate both bulk and CSC-like populations, and in turn to prevent recurrence of tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyano
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagano
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Momoko Yoshikawa
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ami Tanabe
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Makino
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industry Promotion, 66-20 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-0013, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industry Promotion, 66-20 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-0013, Japan; Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industry Promotion, 66-20 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-0013, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Ha Y, Choi HK. Recent conjugation strategies of small organic fluorophores and ligands for cancer-specific bioimaging. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 248:36-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
135
|
Hofmann A, Thiesler T, Gerrits B, Behnke S, Sobotzki N, Omasits U, Bausch-Fluck D, Bock T, Aebersold R, Moch H, Tinguely M, Wollscheid B. Surfaceome of classical Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 9:661-70. [PMID: 26076441 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by a low percentage of tumor cells in a background of diverse, reactive immune cells. cHL cells commonly derive from preapoptotic germinal-center B cells and are characterized by the loss of B-cell markers and the varying expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers. This phenotypic variability and the scarcity of currently available cHL-specific cell surface markers can prevent clear distinction of cHL from related lymphomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We applied the cell surface capture technology to directly measure the pool of cell surface exposed proteins in four cHL and four non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines. RESULTS More than 1000 membrane proteins, including 178 cluster of differentiation annotated proteins, were identified and allowed the generation of lymphoma surfaceome maps. The functional properties of identified cell surface proteins enable, but also limit the information exchange of lymphoma cells with their microenvironment. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Selected candidate proteins with potential diagnostic value were evaluated on a tissue microarray (TMA). Primary lymphoma tissues of 126 different B cell-derived lymphoma cases were included in the TMA analysis. The TMA analysis indicated gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 as a potential additional marker that can be included in a panel of markers for differential diagnosis of cHL versus NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich (UZH)/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thore Thiesler
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bertran Gerrits
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, UZH/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Behnke
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Sobotzki
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Omasits
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Damaris Bausch-Fluck
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, UZH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Tinguely
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Preyer O, Johansen D, Holly J, Stocks T, Pompella A, Nagel G, Concin H, Ulmer H, Concin N. γ-Glutamyltransferase and Breast Cancer Risk Beyond Alcohol Consumption and Other Life Style Factors - A Pooled Cohort Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149122. [PMID: 26863311 PMCID: PMC4749274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated γ-Glutamyltransferase serum levels are associated with increased risk of overall cancer incidence and several site-specific malignancies. In the present prospective study we report on the associations of serum γ-Glutamyltransferase with the risk of breast cancer in a pooled population-based cohort considering established life style risk factors. Methods Two cohorts were included in the present study, i.e. the Vorarlberg (n = 97,268) and the Malmoe cohort (n = 9,790). Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate HRs for risk of breast cancer. Results In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, body mass index and smoking status, women with γ-Glutamyltransferase levels in the top quartile were at significantly higher risk for breast cancer compared to women in the lowest quartile (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.35; p = 0.005). In the subgroup analysis of the Malmoe cohort, γ-Glutamyltransferase remained an independent risk factor for breast cancer when additionally considering alcohol intake. A statistically significant increase in risk was seen in women with γ-Glutamyltransferase-levels in the top versus lowest quartile in a multivariate model adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, parity, oral contraceptive-use and alcohol consumption (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.69, p = 0.006). Conclusion Our findings identified γ-Glutamyltransferase as an independent risk factor for breast cancer beyond the consumption of alcohol and other life style risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Preyer
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria
| | | | - Jessica Holly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja Stocks
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease—Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, CRC, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, Medical School, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Stepien M, Duarte-Salles T, Fedirko V, Floegel A, Barupal DK, Rinaldi S, Achaintre D, Assi N, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Bastide N, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Kühn T, Kaaks R, Aleksandrova K, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Saieva C, Agnoli C, Panico S, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Quirós JR, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Gavrila D, Barricarte A, Ohlsson B, Sjöberg K, Werner M, Sund M, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Travis RC, Schmidt JA, Gunter M, Cross A, Vineis P, Romieu I, Scalbert A, Jenab M. Alteration of amino acid and biogenic amine metabolism in hepatobiliary cancers: Findings from a prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:348-60. [PMID: 26238458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in levels of amino acids (AA) and their derivatives are observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet, it is unclear whether these alterations precede or are a consequence of the disease, nor whether they pertain to anatomically related cancers of the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC), and gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract (GBTC). Circulating standard AA, biogenic amines and hexoses were measured (Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ-p180Kit) in a case-control study nested within a large prospective cohort (147 HCC, 43 IHBC and 134 GBTC cases). Liver function and hepatitis status biomarkers were determined separately. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95%CI) for log-transformed standardised (mean = 0, SD = 1) serum metabolite levels and relevant ratios in relation to HCC, IHBC or GBTC risk. Fourteen metabolites were significantly associated with HCC risk, of which seven metabolites and four ratios were the strongest predictors in continuous models. Leucine, lysine, glutamine and the ratio of branched chain to aromatic AA (Fischer's ratio) were inversely, while phenylalanine, tyrosine and their ratio, glutamate, glutamate/glutamine ratio, kynurenine and its ratio to tryptophan were positively associated with HCC risk. Confounding by hepatitis status and liver enzyme levels was observed. For the other cancers no significant associations were observed. In conclusion, imbalances of specific AA and biogenic amines may be involved in HCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stepien
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne Floegel
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dinesh Kumar Barupal
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - David Achaintre
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Nada Assi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Enviroment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadia Bastide
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | | | - Tilman Kühn
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartamento Di Medicina Clinicae Chirurgias, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic-M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - H B As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza De Salud Pública, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De Granada, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER- CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia-Ciberesp, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Diana Gavrila
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER- CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER- CIBERESP), Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mårten Werner
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
DeLong JC, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Current status and future perspectives of fluorescence-guided surgery for cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 16:71-81. [PMID: 26567611 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Curative cancer surgery is dependent on the removal of all primary tumor and metastatic cancer cells. Preoperative imaging, intraoperative inspection and palpation, as well as pathological margin confirmation aid the surgeon, but these methods are lacking in sensitivity and can be highly subjective. Techniques in fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) are emerging that selectively illuminate cancer cells, enhancing the distinction between tumors and surrounding tissues with the potential for single-cell sensitivity. FGS enhances tumor detection, surgical navigation, margin confirmation, and in some cases can be combined with therapeutic techniques to eliminate microscopic disease. In this review, we describe the preclinical developments and currently-used techniques for FGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C DeLong
- a Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.,b AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- a Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
HNF1β drives glutathione (GSH) synthesis underlying intrinsic carboplatin resistance of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4813-29. [PMID: 26520442 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance to platinum-based antineoplastic agents is a consistent feature among ovarian carcinomas; however, whereas high-grade serous carcinoma (OSC) acquires resistance during chemotherapy, ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is intrinsically resistant. The main objective of this study was to explore, in vitro and in vivo, if hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) and glutaminolysis contribute for the resistance of OCCC to carboplatin through the intrinsically increased GSH bioavailability. To disclose the role of HNF1β, experiments were also performed in an OSC cell line, which does not express HNF1β. Metabolic profiles, GSH quantification, HNF1β, and γ-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) expression, cell cycle, and death were assessed in ES2 cell line (OCCC) and OVCAR3 cell line (OSC); HNF1β knockdown was performed in ES2 and murine model of subcutaneous and peritoneal OCCC tumors was established to test buthionine sulphoxamine (BSO), as a sensitizer to carboplatin. Glutaminolysis is activated in ES2 and OVCAR3, though ES2 exclusively synthesizes amino acids and GSH. ES2 cells are more resistant to carboplatin than OVCAR3 and the abrogation of GSH production by BSO sensitizes ES2 to carboplatin. HNF1β regulates the expression of GCLC, but not GCLM, and consequently GSH production in ES2. In vivo, BSO prior to carboplatin reduces dramatically subcutaneous tumor size and GSH levels, as well as peritoneal dissemination. Our study discloses HNF1β as the mediator of intrinsic OCCC chemoresistance and sheds a light to re-explore a cancer adjuvant therapeutic approach using BSO to overcome the lack of efficient therapy in OCCC.
Collapse
|
140
|
Fu S, Guo Z, Li S, Kuang M, Hu W, Hua Y, He X, Peng B. Prognostic value of preoperative serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3433-40. [PMID: 26449826 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GGT), an oxidative stress marker, is correlated with inflammation in the extracellular hepatic microenvironment. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of serum γ-GGT levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. Three hundred and eight patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC were included in the study. Preoperative serum γ-GGT levels, as well as demographic, clinical, and pathologic data, were analyzed. The optimal cutoff value of γ-GGT was 88 U/L. All patients were divided into γ-GGT ≤ 88 U/L group (n = 146) and γ-GGT > 88 U/L group (n = 162). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of patients in the γ-GGT > 88 U/L group were poorer than those in γ-GGT ≤ 88 U/L group. Preoperative serum γ-GGT levels, associating with gender, HBsAg status, tumor size, capsulation, tumor number, and vascular invasion, was an independent prognostic predictor of disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.616; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.223-2.135; P = 0.001] and overall survival (HR = 2.043; 95 % CI, 1.509-2.766; P < 0.001). Furthermore, γ-GGT was also associated with DFS and OS in small HCC (tumor size ≤5 cm) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≤ 200 ng/mL subgroup. In conclusion, γ-GGT is a promising and reliable prognostic biomarker in HCC patients after hepatic resection, especially for patients with small HCC or AFP ≤ 200 ng/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunjun Fu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Hua
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baogang Peng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Kawakubo K, Ohnishi S, Hatanaka Y, Hatanaka KC, Hosono H, Kubota Y, Kamiya M, Kuwatani M, Kawakami H, Urano Y, Sakamoto N. Feasibility of Using an Enzymatically Activatable Fluorescence Probe for the Rapid Evaluation of Pancreatic Tissue Obtained Using Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration: a Pilot Study. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 18:463-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
142
|
Sato C, Abe S, Saito Y, So Tsuruki E, Takamaru H, Makazu M, Sato Y, Sasaki H, Tanaka H, Ikezawa N, Yamada M, Sakamoto T, Nakajima T, Matsuda T, Kushima R, Kamiya M, Maeda S, Urano Y. A pilot study of fluorescent imaging of colorectal tumors using a γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase-activatable fluorescent probe. Digestion 2015; 91:70-6. [PMID: 25632921 DOI: 10.1159/000369367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Backgrounds/Aim: Colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are sometimes difficult to visualize even with image-enhanced endoscopy. γ-Glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell surface-associated enzyme that is overexpressed in various types of human cancers. Furthermore, GGT expression is higher in colorectal cancer cells than in normal colorectal mucosa. γ-Glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG), an activatable fluorescent probe, is nonfluorescent under a neutral pH and normal cellular environment; however, it turns highly fluorescent upon reaction with GGT. We evaluated ex vivo fluorescent imaging of colorectal LSTs using this GGT-activatable fluorescent probe. METHODS Between March 2013 and March 2014, 30 endoscopically resected colorectal LSTs were prospectively included in this study. Each was analyzed by first taking a baseline image before spraying, then spraying with gGlu-HMRG onto the freshly resected specimen, and finally taking fluorescent images 15 min after spraying with a dedicated imaging machine. RESULTS Of the LSTs, 67% rapidly showed positive fluorescent activity. These activities were shown in adenoma (54%) and carcinoma in adenoma (76%), and in LST-granular type (80%) and LST-nongranular type (40%). CONCLUSION Topically spraying gGlu-HMRG enabled rapid and selective fluorescent imaging of colorectal tumors owing to the upregulated GGT activity in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiko Sato
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Zúñiga-García V, Chávez-López MDG, Quintanar-Jurado V, Gabiño-López NB, Hernández-Gallegos E, Soriano-Rosas J, Pérez-Carreón JI, Camacho J. Differential Expression of Ion Channels and Transporters During Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2373-83. [PMID: 25842354 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels and transporters are potential markers and therapeutic targets for several cancers. However, their expression during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unclear. AIM To investigate the mRNA expression of Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) channels and ABC transporters during rat HCC development, as well as Abcc3 protein in human liver biopsies. METHODS Wistar rats were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and developed both cirrhosis (12 weeks of treatment) and either pre-neoplastic lesions (16 weeks of treatment) or multinodular HCC (16 weeks of treatment plus 2 weeks DEN-free). The mRNA expression of 12 ion channels and two ABC transporters was studied using real-time RT-PCR. Tumor-containing or tumor-free liver sections were isolated by laser-capture microdissection. Abcc3 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in healthy, cirrhotic and HCC human biopsies. RESULTS We observed expression changes in seven genes. Kcna3, Kcnn4, Kcnrg and Kcnj11 potassium channel mRNA expression reached peak values at the end of DEN treatment, while Scn2a1 sodium channel, Trpc6 calcium channel and Abcc3 transporter mRNA expression reached their highest levels in the presence of HCC (18 weeks). Whereas Kcnn4 and Scn2a1 channel expression was similar in non-tumor and tumor tissue, the Abcc3 transporter and Kcna3 potassium channels were preferentially overexpressed in the tumor sections. We observed differential Abcc3 protein subcellular localization and expression in human samples. CONCLUSIONS The ion channel/transporter expression profile observed suggests that these genes are potential early markers or therapeutic targets of HCC. The differential localization of Abcc3 may be useful in the diagnosis of cirrhosis and HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Zúñiga-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Khurana H, Meena VK, Prakash S, Chuttani K, Chadha N, Jaswal A, Dhawan DK, Mishra AK, Hazari PP. Preclinical Evaluation of a Potential GSH Ester Based PET/SPECT Imaging Probe DT(GSHMe)₂ to Detect Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Over Expressing Tumors. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26221728 PMCID: PMC4519333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is an important biomarker in malignant cancers. The redox processes ensuing from GGT-mediated metabolism of extracellular GSH are implicated in critical aspects of tumor cell biology. Reportedly, Glutathione monoethyl ester (GSHMe) is a substrate of GGT, which has been used for its rapid transport over glutathione. Exploring GGT to be an important target, a homobivalent peptide system, DT(GSHMe)2 was designed to target GGT-over expressing tumors for diagnostic purposes. DT(GSHMe)2 was synthesized, characterized and preclinically evaluated in vitro using toxicity, cell binding assays and time dependent experiments. Stable and defined radiochemistry with 99mTc and 68Ga was optimized for high radiochemical yield. In vivo biodistribution studies were conducted for different time points along with scintigraphic studies of radiolabeled DT(GSHMe)2 on xenografted tumor models. For further validation, in silico docking studies were performed on GGT (hGGT1, P19440). Preclinical in vitro evaluations on cell lines suggested minimal toxicity of DT(GSHMe)2 at 100 μM concentration. Kinetic analysis revealed transport of 99mTc-DT(GSHMe)2 occurs via a saturable high-affinity carrier with Michaelis constant (Km) of 2.25 μM and maximal transport rate velocity (Vmax) of 0.478 μM/min. Quantitative estimation of GGT expression from western blot experiments showed substantial expression with 41.6 ± 7.07 % IDV for tumor. Small animal micro PET (Positron Emission Tomography)/CT(Computed Tomography) coregistered images depicted significantly high uptake of DT(GSHMe)2 at the BMG-1 tumor site. ROI analysis showed high tumor to contra lateral muscle ratio of 9.33 in PET imaging studies. Avid accumulation of radiotracer was observed at tumor versus inflammation site at 2 h post i.v. injection in an Ehrlich Ascites tumor (EAT) mice model, showing evident specificity for tumor. We propose DT(GSHMe)2 to be an excellent candidate for prognostication and tumor imaging using PET/SPECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Khurana
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Meena
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Prakash
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Chadha
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ambika Jaswal
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Devinder Kumar Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (PPH); (AKM)
| | - Puja Panwar Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (PPH); (AKM)
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Bosco C, Wulaningsih W, Melvin J, Santaolalla A, De Piano M, Arthur R, Van Hemelrijck M. Metabolic serum biomarkers for the prediction of cancer: a follow-up of the studies conducted in the Swedish AMORIS study. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:555. [PMID: 26284119 PMCID: PMC4531132 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk study (AMORIS) contains information on more than 500 biomarkers collected from 397,443 men and 414,630 women from the greater Stockholm area during the period 1985–1996. Using a ten-digit personal identification code, this database has been linked to Swedish national registries, which provide data on socioeconomic status, vital status, cancer diagnosis, comorbidity, and emigration. Within AMORIS, 18 studies assessing risk of overall and site-specific cancers have been published, utilising a range of serum markers representing glucose and lipid metabolism, immune system, iron metabolism, liver metabolism, and bone metabolism. This review briefly summarises these findings in relation to more recently published studies and provides an overview of where we are today and the challenges of observational studies when studying cancer risk prediction. Overall, more recent observational studies supported previous findings obtained in AMORIS, although no new results have been reported for serum fructosamine and inorganic phosphate with respect to cancer risk. A drawback of using serum markers in predicting cancer risk is the potential fluctuations following other pathological conditions, resulting in non-specificity and imprecision of associations observed. Utilisation of multiple combination markers may provide more specificity, as well as give us repeated instead of single measurements. Associations with other diseases may also necessitate further analytical strategies addressing effects of serum markers on competing events in addition to cancer. Finally, delineating the role of serum metabolic markers may generate valuable information to complement emerging clinical studies on preventive effects of drugs and supplements targeting metabolic disorders against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bosco
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK ; Both authors contributed equally
| | - Wahyu Wulaningsih
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK ; Both authors contributed equally
| | - Jennifer Melvin
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aida Santaolalla
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mario De Piano
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rhonda Arthur
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Yang F, Zhang S, Yang H, Luo K, Wen J, Hu Y, Hu R, Huang Q, Chen J, Fu J. Prognostic significance of gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2015; 28:496-504. [PMID: 24766310 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the glutathione metabolism. Studies suggested that GGT was a marker of apoptotic balance and modulated tumor progression, invasion and drug resistance. Recently, GGT was shown to be associated with the progression of high-grade esophageal epithelial dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. This study was conducted to investigate the value of pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels as prognostic parameter in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Six hundred thirty-nine resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were recruited in this study and were stratified into two GGT risk groups. The association of pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and clinical-pathological parameters was examined. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. GGT serum levels were associated with gender, smoking status, TNM stage and lymph node involvement. Higher pre-therapeutic serum GGT was found in males, smoker, advanced TNM stage and lymph node positive patients. Patients assigned to the low-risk group had higher 5-year overall survival rate (53.1% vs. 33.0%, P < 0.01) and disease-free survival rate (45.2% vs. 23.4%, P < 0.01) than the high-risk group. Patients with high-risk group of GGT had 1.568 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.259 ∼ 1.952) times the risk of death and 1.582 (95% CI, 1.286 ∼ 1.946) times the risk of disease recurrence contrast with those with low-risk group of GGT. The pre-therapeutic serum GGT is a novel independent prognostic parameter for disease-free survival and overall survival in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - K Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Gallegos-Arreola MP, Figuera LE, Flores-Ramos LG, Puebla-Pérez AM, Zúñiga-González GM. Association of the Alu insertion polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene with breast cancer in a Mexican population. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:551-60. [PMID: 26170848 PMCID: PMC4495151 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.52357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progesterone receptor (PR) gene plays an important role in reproduction-related events. Data on polymorphisms in the PR gene have revealed associations with cancer, particularly for the Alu insertion polymorphism, which has been suggested to affect progesterone receptor function and contribute to tumor promotion in the mammary gland. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined the role of the Alu insertion polymorphism in the PR gene by comparing the genotypes of 209 healthy Mexican women with those of 481 Mexican women with breast cancer (BC). RESULTS The genotype frequencies observed in the controls and BC patients were 0% and 4% for T2/T2 (Alu insertion), 16% and 21% for T1/T2, and 84% and 75% for T1/T1 (Alu deletion), respectively. The obtained odds ratio (OR) was 1.7, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.1-2.6, p = 0.009, for the T1/T2-T2/T2 genotypes. The association was also evident when the distributions of the T1/T2-T2/T2 genotypes in patients in the following categories were compared: obesity grade II (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.03-3.18, p = 0.039) and the chemotherapy response (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.27-3.067, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The T1/T2-T2/T2 genotypes of the Alu insertion polymorphism in the PR gene are associated with BC susceptibility in the analyzed Mexican population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, CIBO, CMNO, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, CUCS-U de G, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Liliana Gómez Flores-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, CUCS-U de G, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Terzyan SS, Burgett AWG, Heroux A, Smith CA, Mooers BHM, Hanigan MH. Human γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase 1: STRUCTURES OF THE FREE ENZYME, INHIBITOR-BOUND TETRAHEDRAL TRANSITION STATES, AND GLUTAMATE-BOUND ENZYME REVEAL NOVEL MOVEMENT WITHIN THE ACTIVE SITE DURING CATALYSIS. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17576-86. [PMID: 26013825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.659680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (GGT1) is a cell surface, N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase that cleaves glutathione and other γ-glutamyl compounds. GGT1 expression is essential in cysteine homeostasis, and its induction has been implicated in the pathology of asthma, reperfusion injury, and cancer. In this study, we report four new crystal structures of human GGT1 (hGGT1) that show conformational changes within the active site as the enzyme progresses from the free enzyme to inhibitor-bound tetrahedral transition states and finally to the glutamate-bound structure prior to the release of this final product of the reaction. The structure of the apoenzyme shows flexibility within the active site. The serine-borate-bound hGGT1 crystal structure demonstrates that serine-borate occupies the active site of the enzyme, resulting in an enzyme-inhibitor complex that replicates the enzyme's tetrahedral intermediate/transition state. The structure of GGsTop-bound hGGT1 reveals its interactions with the enzyme and why neutral phosphonate diesters are more potent inhibitors than monoanionic phosphonates. These structures are the first structures for any eukaryotic GGT that include a molecule in the active site covalently bound to the catalytic Thr-381. The glutamate-bound structure shows the conformation of the enzyme prior to release of the final product and reveals novel information regarding the displacement of the main chain atoms that form the oxyanion hole and movement of the lid loop region when the active site is occupied. These data provide new insights into the mechanism of hGGT1-catalyzed reactions and will be invaluable in the development of new classes of hGGT1 inhibitors for therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Terzyan
- From the Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Anthony W G Burgett
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Annie Heroux
- the Energy Sciences Directorate/Photon Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Clyde A Smith
- the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Blaine H M Mooers
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, and
| | - Marie H Hanigan
- the Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Wang F, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Pan L, Cui Z, Fei Q, Luo S, Pan D, Huang Q, Wang R, Zhao C, Tian H, Fan C. Fluorescent In Situ Targeting Probes for Rapid Imaging of Ovarian-Cancer-Specific γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7349-53. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
150
|
Wang F, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Pan L, Cui Z, Fei Q, Luo S, Pan D, Huang Q, Wang R, Zhao C, Tian H, Fan C. Fluorescent In Situ Targeting Probes for Rapid Imaging of Ovarian-Cancer-Specific γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|