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Abstract
The FGFR pathway triggers a wide range of key biological responses. Among others, the Breathless (Btl, Drosophila FGFR1) receptor cascade promotes cell migration during embryonic tracheal system development. However, how the actin cytoskeleton responds to Btl pathway activation to induce cell migration has remained largely unclear. Our recent results shed light into this issue by unveiling a link between the actin-bundling protein Singed (Sn) and the Btl pathway. We showed that the Btl pathway regulates sn, which leads to the stabilization of the actin bundles required for filopodia formation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. This regulation contributes to tracheal migration, tracheal branch fusion and tracheal cell elongation. Parallel actin bundles (PABs) are usually cross-linked by more than one actin-bundling protein. Accordingly, we have also shown that sn synergistically interacts with forked (f), another actin crosslinker. In this Extra View we extend f analysis and hypothesize how both actin-bundling proteins may act together to regulate the PABs during tracheal embryonic development. Although both proteins are required for similar tracheal events, we suggest that Sn is essential for actin bundle initiation and stiffening, while F is required for the lengthening and further stabilization of the PABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Okenve-Ramos
- a Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-CSIC ; Baldiri Reixac ; Barcelona , Spain
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102
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Okenve-Ramos P, Llimargas M. A role for fascin in preventing filopodia breakage in Drosophila tracheal cells. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:972846. [PMID: 26843903 PMCID: PMC4594546 DOI: 10.4161/cib.29741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are long and thin finger-like protrusions essential for cell migration. They
are formed by parallel actin bundles tightly packed by cell type and context dependent
actin-bundling proteins. Our recent work analyzing the role of Fascin during tracheal
development in Drosophila has shown that Singed (the
Drosophila Fascin homolog) acts as a molecular link between the
Branchless (FGF)/Breathless (FGFR) pathway and the actin cytoskeleton. We have reported
that the lack of Singed (Sn) leads to wavy and flaccid filopodia due to the
disorganization of the tracheal actin cytoskeleton. Here we describe for the first time
filopodia breakage in Drosophila, and show that Fascin plays a role in
this event. We propose that actin filaments in sn mutant filopodia buckle under membrane
pressure due to lower bending stiffness, eventually undergoing breakage. Both Filopodia
buckling and breakage would impair correct cell navigation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Llimargas
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC) ; Barcelona, Spain
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103
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Schoumacher M, El-Marjou F, Laé M, Kambou N, Louvard D, Robine S, Vignjevic DM. Conditional expression of fascin increases tumor progression in a mouse model of intestinal cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:388-95. [PMID: 25269996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While absent from normal epithelia, an actin bundling protein, fascin, becomes expressed in invasive carcinoma of different origins. It is highly enriched at the tumors' invasive front suggesting that it could play a role in cancer invasion. Multiple studies have shown that fascin, through its role in formation of cellular protrusions such as filopodia and invadopodia, enhances cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. However, the role of fascin in vivo remains unknown. We have generated a compound transgenic mouse model that allows expression of fascin in the intestinal epithelium in the Apc-mutated background. Conditional expression of fascin led to decrease in mice survival and increase in tumor burden compared to control animals. Induction of fascin expression in adult tumor-bearing animals accelerated tumor progression and led to formation of invasive adenocarcinoma. Altogether, our study shows that fascin can promote tumor progression in vivo, but also unravels an unexpected role of fascin in tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schoumacher
- Institut Curie, Research Center, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Fatima El-Marjou
- Institut Curie, Research Center, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR144/CNRS, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marick Laé
- Institut Curie, Hospital, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nadège Kambou
- Institut Curie, Research Center, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR144/CNRS, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Louvard
- Institut Curie, Research Center, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR144/CNRS, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sylvie Robine
- Institut Curie, Research Center, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR144/CNRS, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Danijela Matic Vignjevic
- Institut Curie, Research Center, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; UMR144/CNRS, 25 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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104
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Qin Y, Dang X, Li W, Ma Q. miR-133a Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Directly Targets FSCN1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Oncol Res 2014; 21:353-63. [DOI: 10.3727/096504014x14024160459122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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105
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Mohr CF, Kalmer M, Gross C, Mann MC, Sterz KR, Kieser A, Fleckenstein B, Kress AK. The tumor marker Fascin is induced by the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded oncoprotein LMP1 via NF-κB in lymphocytes and contributes to their invasive migration. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:46. [PMID: 25105941 PMCID: PMC4222691 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actin-bundling protein Fascin (FSCN1) is a tumor marker that is highly expressed in numerous types of cancer including lymphomas and is important for migration and metastasis of tumor cells. Fascin has also been detected in B lymphocytes that are freshly-infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), however, both the inducers and the mechanisms of Fascin upregulation are still unclear. Results Here we show that the EBV-encoded oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a potent regulator of cellular signaling and transformation, is sufficient to induce both Fascin mRNA and protein in lymphocytes. Fascin expression is mainly regulated by LMP1 via the C-terminal activation region 2 (CTAR2). Block of canonical NF-κB signaling using a chemical inhibitor of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) or cotransfection of a dominant-negative inhibitor of IκBα (NFKBIA) reduced not only expression of p100, a classical target of the canonical NF-κB-pathway, but also LMP1-induced Fascin expression. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of IKKβ reduced both Fascin mRNA and protein levels in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, indicating that canonical NF-κB signaling is required for LMP1-mediated regulation of Fascin both in transfected and transformed lymphocytes. Beyond that, chemical inhibition of IKKβ significantly reduced invasive migration of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells through extracellular matrix. Transient transfection experiments revealed that Fascin contributed to LMP1-mediated enhancement of invasive migration through extracellular matrix. While LMP1 enhanced the number of invaded cells, functional knockdown of Fascin by two different small hairpin RNAs resulted in significant reduction of invaded, non-attached cells. Conclusions Thus, our data show that LMP1-mediated upregulation of Fascin depends on NF-κB and both NF-κB and Fascin contribute to invasive migration of LMP1-expressing lymphocytes.
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106
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Youssef NS, Hakim SA. Association of Fascin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression with poor prognostic parameters in breast carcinoma of Egyptian women. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:136. [PMID: 24993803 PMCID: PMC4099107 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1421167695121127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Salah Youssef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya square, Cairo, Egypt.
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107
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Ngo TC, Wood CG, Karam JA. Biomarkers of renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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108
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Kanda Y, Kawaguchi T, Kuramitsu Y, Kitagawa T, Kobayashi T, Takahashi N, Tazawa H, Habelhah H, Hamada JI, Kobayashi M, Hirahata M, Onuma K, Osaki M, Nakamura K, Kitagawa T, Hosokawa M, Okada F. Fascin regulates chronic inflammation-related human colon carcinogenesis by inhibiting cell anoikis. Proteomics 2014; 14:1031-41. [PMID: 24574163 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By a proteomics-based approach, we identified an overexpression of fascin in colon adenocarcinoma cells (FPCKpP-3) that developed from nontumorigenic human colonic adenoma cells (FPCK-1-1) and were converted to tumorigenic by foreign-body-induced chronic inflammation in nude mice. Fascin overexpression was also observed in the tumors arising from rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC 6) converted to tumorigenic in chronic inflammation which was induced in the same manner. Upregulation of fascin expression in FPCK-1-1 cells by transfection with sense fascin cDNA converted the cells tumorigenic, whereas antisense fascin-cDNA-transfected FPCKpP-3 cells reduced fascin expression and lost their tumor-forming ability in vivo. The tumorigenic potential by fascin expression was consistent with their ability to survive and grow in the three-dimensional multicellular spheroids. We found that resistance to anoikis (apoptotic cell death as a consequence of insufficient cell-to-substrate interactions), which is represented by the three-dimensional growth of solid tumors in vivo, was regulated by fascin expression through caspase-dependent apoptotic signals. From these, we demonstrate that fascin is a potent suppressor to caspase-associated anoikis and accelerator of the conversion of colonic adenoma cells into adenocarcinoma cells by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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109
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MicroRNA-145 inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer by targeting fascin-1. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2300-9. [PMID: 24642628 PMCID: PMC4007224 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have reported miR-145 dysregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, miR-145 profiles were compared between CRC and corresponding non-tumour tissues. Methods: The expression levels of miR-145 were analysed in CRC cell lines and tumour tissues by real-time PCR. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed direct targets. The functional effects of miR-145 were examined in transfected CRC cells in vitro and in vivo using established assays. Results: Downregulation of miR-145 was detected in most primary CRC tumours, and was significantly correlated with a more aggressive phenotype of CRC in patients. In CRC cell lines, ectopic overexpression of miR-145 inhibited cell proliferation, motility and invasion in vitro. Stable overexpression of miR-145 suppressed tumour growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Further studies indicated that miR-145 may directly interact with the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of Fascin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA), downregulating its mRNA and protein expression levels. In clinical specimens, Fascin-1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-145 expression. Conclusions: MiR-145 has a critical role in the inhibition of invasive and metastatic capacities of CRC, probably through directly targeting Fascin-1. This miRNA may be involved in the development and progression of CRC.
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110
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Zhao X, Gao S, Ren H, Sun W, Zhang H, Sun J, Yang S, Hao J. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis by activating transcription of the actin-bundling protein fascin. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2455-64. [PMID: 24599125 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the early onset of local invasion and distant metastasis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal human malignant tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. In this study, we investigated the role of fascin, a prometastasis actin-bundling protein, in PDAC progression, invasion, and the molecular mechanisms underlying fascin overexpression in PDAC. Our data showed that the expression levels of fascin were higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues, and fascin overexpression correlated with the PDAC differentiation and prognosis. Fascin overexpression promoted PDAC cell migration and invasion by elevating matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. Fascin regulated MMP-2 expression through protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Importantly, our data showed that hypoxia induced fascin overexpression in PDAC cells by promoting the binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) to a hypoxia response element on the fascin promoter and transactivating fascin mRNA transcription. Intriguingly, HIF-1α expression levels in PDAC patient specimens significantly correlated with fascin expression. Moreover, immunohistochemistry staining of consecutive sections demonstrated colocalization between HIF-1α and fascin in PDAC specimens, suggesting that hypoxia and HIF-1α were responsible for fascin overexpression in PDAC. When ectopically expressed, fascin was able to rescue PDAC cell invasion after HIF-1α knockdown. Our results demonstrated that fascin is a direct target gene of HIF-1. Our data suggested that the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in PDAC might promote invasion and metastasis by inducing fascin overexpression, and fascin might be targeted to block PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China; and Department of Tumor Biology and Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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111
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Yao J, Qian CJ, Ye B, Zhao ZQ, Wei J, Liang Y, Zhang X. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling upregulates fascin via nuclear factor-κB in gastric cancer: Implications in cell invasion and migration. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:902-908. [PMID: 24527098 PMCID: PMC3919871 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin protein plays important roles in tumor metastasis and is prognostically relevant to human gastric cancer (GC). However, its role in the development and progression of GC has not been comprehensively investigated. In the present study, results revealed that upregulation of fascin by interleukin-6 promotes GC cell migration and invasion in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent manner in MKN45 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 directly regulated fascin expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) bound to the fascin promoter in a STAT3-dependent and Notch-independent manner. Therefore, results demonstrate that STAT3 and NF-κB are required for upregulation of fascin and for cell migration and invasion in MKN45 cells. Effects of the treatments on cell signaling were detected by qPCR, western blot analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using in vitro scratch wound healing assay, transwell and Matrigel assays, and xenograft model. In addition, the STAT3-NF-κB-fascin signaling axis is identified as a therapeutic target for blocking GC cell invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Juan Qian
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China ; Insitute of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Bei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhao
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
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Van Audenhove I, Boucherie C, Pieters L, Zwaenepoel O, Vanloo B, Martens E, Verbrugge C, Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Vandekerckhove J, Cornelissen M, De Ganck A, Gettemans J. Stratifying fascin and cortactin function in invadopodium formation using inhibitory nanobodies and targeted subcellular delocalization. FASEB J 2014; 28:1805-18. [PMID: 24414419 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-242537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions arising through the orchestrated regulation of precursor assembly, stabilization, and maturation, endowing cancer cells with invasive properties. Using nanobodies (antigen-binding domains of Camelid heavy-chain antibodies) as perturbators of intracellular functions and/or protein domains at the level of the endogenous protein, we examined the specific contribution of fascin and cortactin during invadopodium formation in MDA-MB-231 breast and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. A nanobody (K(d)~35 nM, 1:1 stoichiometry) that disrupts fascin F-actin bundling emphasizes the importance of stable actin bundles in invadopodium array organization and turnover, matrix degradation, and cancer cell invasion. Cortactin-SH3 dependent WIP recruitment toward the plasma membrane was specifically inhibited by a cortactin nanobody (K(d)~75 nM, 1:1 stoichiometry). This functional domain is shown to be important for formation of properly organized invadopodia, MMP-9 secretion, matrix degradation, and cancer cell invasion. Notably, using a subcellular delocalization strategy to trigger protein loss of function, we uncovered a fascin-bundling-independent role in MMP-9 secretion. Hence, we demonstrate that nanobodies enable high resolution protein function mapping in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Van Audenhove
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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113
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Takatsuki H, Bengtsson E, Månsson A. Persistence length of fascin-cross-linked actin filament bundles in solution and the in vitro motility assay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1933-42. [PMID: 24418515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bundles of unipolar actin filaments (F-actin), cross-linked via the actin-binding protein fascin, are important in filopodia of motile cells and stereocilia of inner ear sensory cells. However, such bundles are also useful as shuttles in myosin-driven nanotechnological applications. Therefore, and for elucidating aspects of biological function, we investigate if the bundle tendency to follow straight paths (quantified by path persistence length) when propelled by myosin motors is directly determined by material properties quantified by persistence length of thermally fluctuating bundles. METHODS Fluorescent bundles, labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin, were studied at fascin:actin molar ratios: 0:1 (F-actin), 1:7, 1:4 and 1:2. Persistence lengths (Lp) were obtained by fitting the cosine correlation function (CCF) to a single exponential function: <cos(θ(0)-θ(s))>=exp(-s/(2Lp)) where θ(s) is tangent angle; s: path or contour lengths. < > denotes averaging over filaments. RESULTS Bundle-Lp (bundles<15μm long) increased from ~10 to 150μm with increased fascin:actin ratio. The increase was similar for path-Lp (path<15μm), with highly linear correlation. For longer bundle paths, the CCF-decay deviated from a single exponential, consistent with superimposition of the random path with a circular path as suggested by theoretical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Fascin-actin bundles have similar path-Lp and bundle-Lp, both increasing with fascin:actin ratio. Path-Lp is determined by the flexural rigidity of the bundle. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings give general insight into mechanics of cytoskeletal polymers that interact with molecular motors, aid rational development of nanotechnological applications and have implications for structure and in vivo functions of fascin-actin bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Takatsuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-391 82, Sweden
| | - Elina Bengtsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-391 82, Sweden
| | - Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-391 82, Sweden.
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114
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Park SH, Song JY, Kim YK, Heo JH, Kang H, Kim G, An HJ, Kim TH. Fascin1 expression in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is a prognostic marker and knockdown of fascin1 suppresses the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:637-46. [PMID: 24378809 PMCID: PMC3928475 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin1 (FSCN1) involved in cell motility and filopodia assembly plays important roles in biological processes such as cancer invasion and metastasis of multiple epithelial tumors. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is aggressive and metastatic by acquiring an invasive phenotype and this step requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the expression of fascin1 in HGSOC tissues as well as its clinical significance such as prognostic predictors and its utility of therapeutic target. Fascin1 and β-catenin were evaluated using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of 79 HGSOC. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach was used to knock down fascin1 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines to determine whether fascin1 contributes to tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Fascin1 expression levels were determined by western blot analysis after siRNA transfection using two human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCAR3). Fascin1 overexpression was significantly correlated with lymph node involvement, distance metastasis and high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (III/IV) (P<0.05). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the fascin1 expression group was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P=0.010). We showed that inactivation of fascin1 by siRNA transfection led to a drop in cell viability, and significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness compared to untransfected cells. We found that fascin1 expression is a potential poor marker of prognosis for patients with HGSOC and knockdown of fascin1 suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration, this could be applied for therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hyun Park
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Song
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA University, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyung Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA University, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyoun Kang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA University, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA University, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoen Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA University, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-712, Republic of Korea
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Sun J, He H, Pillai S, Xiong Y, Challa S, Xu L, Chellappan S, Yang S. GATA3 transcription factor abrogates Smad4 transcription factor-mediated fascin overexpression, invadopodium formation, and breast cancer cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36971-82. [PMID: 24235142 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a potent and context-dependent regulator of tumor progression. TGFβ promotes the lung metastasis of basal-like (but not the luminal-like) breast cancer. Here, we demonstrated that fascin, a pro-metastasis actin bundling protein, was a direct target of the canonical TGFβ-Smad4 signaling pathway in basal-like breast cancer cells. TGFβ and Smad4 induced fascin overexpression by directly binding to a Smad binding element on the fascin promoter. We identified GATA3, a transcription factor crucial for mammary gland morphogenesis and luminal differentiation, as a negative regulator of TGFβ- and Smad4-induced fascin overexpression. When ectopically expressed in basal-like breast cancer cells, GATA-3 abrogated TGFβ- and Smad4-mediated overexpression of fascin and other TGFβ response genes, invadopodium formation, cell migration, and invasion, suggesting suppression of the canonical TGFβ-Smad signaling axis. Mechanistically, GATA3 abrogated the canonical TGFβ-Smad signaling by abolishing interactions between Smad4 and its DNA binding elements, potentially through physical interactions between the N-terminal of GATA3 and Smad3/4 proteins. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how TGFβ-mediated cell motility and invasiveness are differentially regulated in breast cancer.
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116
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Stewart CJR, Crook ML. Fascin and cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic vulvar squamous epithelium, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous carcinoma: correlation with Ki67 and p16 protein expression. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:319-25. [PMID: 24218024 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate cyclin D1 and fascin immunoreactivity in normal, reactive and neoplastic vulvar skin correlating the findings with p16 protein and Ki67 expression. METHODS 66 vulvar biopsy or resection specimens demonstrating normal appearances, reactive epidermal changes, usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN), differentiated-type VIN (dVIN), p16-positive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and p16-negative SCC were examined immunohistochemically for cyclin D1, fascin, Ki67 and p16 protein. Where applicable, expression patterns were compared in microanatomically distinct areas, particularly at the invasive front (deep tumour margin) of SCC. RESULTS Normal epidermis showed parabasal Ki67 and cyclin D1 staining while fascin labelled cells in the lower one-third of the epithelium. Reactive and dVIN specimens demonstrated mildly increased Ki67 and cyclin D1 expression that maintained parabasal polarity, whereas uVIN and p16-positive SCC were characterised by loss of cyclin D1 staining. However, in 14 of 20 p16-positive SCC small infiltrative tumour groups and single infiltrating cells at the invasive front showed a cyclin D1-positive/ Ki67-negative phenotype. In contrast, p16-negative SCC generally showed diffuse and concordant cyclin D1 and Ki67 labelling, including at the invasive margin. Fascin expression was increased in all VIN and SCC lesions. CONCLUSIONS Variations in cyclin D1 and Ki67 expression between p16-positive and p16-negative vulvar SCCs suggest different mechanisms of invasion in these tumour subgroups. Fascin is upregulated in vulvar squamous neoplasia but immunostaining does not discriminate in situ from invasive lesions nor putative human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J R Stewart
- Department of Histopathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Esnakula AK, Ricks-Santi L, Kwagyan J, Kanaan YM, DeWitty RL, Wilson LL, Gold B, Frederick WAI, Naab TJ. Strong association of fascin expression with triple negative breast cancer and basal-like phenotype in African-American women. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:153-60. [PMID: 23986556 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin, an actin bundling protein, plays a critical role in cell motility due to formation of actin rich protrusions called filopodia, important in cell migration, invasion and metastatic spread. Fascin overexpression has been associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition and correlates with progression and unfavourable prognosis in breast carcinoma. OBJECTIVE To evaluate fascin expression by immunohistochemistry and correlate the expression pattern with clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer in African-American (AA) women, in whom triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype, is more prevalent. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of tumour tissue from primary breast carcinomas in 202 AA women. Immunohistochemical detection of fascin was correlated with four major subtypes of breast carcinoma (luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and triple negative (TN)) and other clinicopathological factors, including age, grade, tumour size, stage, regional lymph node status and survival. RESULTS We observed a significant association between fascin expression and TN subtype, oestrogen receptor (ER) negativity, progesterone receptor (PR) negativity, Elston-Nottingham (EN) grade 3 and decreased overall survival. There was also a significant association between expression of CK 5/6, a marker of basal-like phenotype, and fascin expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest that fascin is a marker for TN subtype having a basal-like phenotype and decreased overall survival. Fascin may represent a target for therapy in TNBC in AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini K Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Hospital, , Washington, DC, USA
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118
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Chen MB, Wei MX, Han JY, Wu XY, Li C, Wang J, Shen W, Lu PH. MicroRNA-451 regulates AMPK/mTORC1 signaling and fascin1 expression in HT-29 colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2013; 26:102-9. [PMID: 23899558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The earlier studies have shown that Fascin1 (FSCN1), the actin bundling protein, is over-expressed in colorectal cancers, and is associated with cancer cell progression. Here, we aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating FSCN1 expression by focusing on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and its regulator microRNA-451. We found that microRNA-451 was over-expressed in multiple colorectal cancer tissues, and its expression was correlated with mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and FSCN1 expression. In cultured colorectal cancer HT-29 cells, knockdown of FSCN1 by RNAi inhibited cell migration and proliferation. Activation of mTORC1 was required for FSCN1 expression, HT-29 cell migration and proliferation, as RAD001 and rapamycin, two mTORC1 inhibitors, suppressed FSCN1 expression, HT-29 cell migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, forced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the negative regulator of mTORC1, by its activators or by the genetic mutation, inhibited mTORC1 activation, FSCN1 expression, cell migration and proliferation. In HT-29 cells, we found that over-expression of microRNA-451 inhibited AMPK activation, causing mTORC1 over-activation and FSCN1 up-regulation, cells were with high migration ability and proliferation rate. Significantly, these effects by microRNA-451 were largely inhibited by mTORC1 inhibitors or the AMPK activator AICAR. On the other hand, knockdown of miRNA-451 by the treatment of HT-29 cells with miRNA-451 antagomir inhibited mTORC1 activation and FSCN1 expression. The proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells after miRNA-45 knockdown were also inhibited. Our results suggested that the over-expressed microRNA-451 in colon cancer cells might inhibit AMPK to activate mTORC1, which mediates FSCN1 expression and cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin Road, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kim SJ, Kim DC, Kim MC, Jung GJ, Kim KH, Jang JS, Kwon HC, Kim YM, Jeong JS. Fascin expression is related to poor survival in gastric cancer. Pathol Int 2013; 62:777-84. [PMID: 23252866 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fascin is an actin-binding protein that provides mechanical support and cell motility, and involves cancer cell metastasis. We investigated fascin protein expression in gastric cancer and assessed their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and survival rates. In addition, we researched galectin-3 protein expression to study fascin action mechanisms. We performed immunohistochemisty with fascin and galectin-3 antibodies in 471 gastric carcinomas, using tissue microarrays. Fascin was positive in 14.9% (70/471) of the samples, and fascin expression was related to worse survival rates (P < 0.001), high clinical stage (P < 0.001), high T stage (P < 0.001), nodal metastasis (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P= 0.001) and the intestinal type of Lauren classification (P= 0.015). Galectin-3 protein expression was positive in 83.9% (395/471) of the samples and was reversely correlated with fascin protein expression (P= 0.020). Galectin-3 expression was related to low clinical stage (P < 0.001), but not to survival rates in multivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, fascin expression was related to worse survival rates (HR = 1.56, P= 0.036), and can be an independent poor prognostic factor in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Ma Y, Li A, Faller WJ, Libertini S, Fiorito F, Gillespie DA, Sansom OJ, Yamashiro S, Machesky LM. Fascin 1 is transiently expressed in mouse melanoblasts during development and promotes migration and proliferation. Development 2013; 140:2203-11. [PMID: 23633513 PMCID: PMC3912869 DOI: 10.1242/dev.089789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fascins, a family of actin-bundling proteins, are expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner during development and often in cancer. Fascin 1 has a clear role in cell migration in vitro, but its role in vivo in mammals is not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of fascin 1 in the melanocyte lineage and in melanoma cells. Fascin 1 knockout causes hypopigmentation in adult mice owing to migration and cell cycle progression defects in melanoblasts, the melanocyte precursor cell. Study of live embryo skin explants reveals that E14.5 fascin 1-null melanoblasts migrate slower, and generate fewer and thinner pseudopods. By contrast, fascin 1 expression drives faster migration and lamellipodia protrusion in melanocytes in vitro. In addition, fascin 1 depletion retards melanoblast proliferation in vivo and melanoma cell growth in vitro. These data indicate that fascin 1 not only promotes cell migration in mouse melanocytes but it also has a role in growth and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Ma
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ang Li
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - William J. Faller
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Silvana Libertini
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Florencia Fiorito
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David A. Gillespie
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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Stein MF, Lang S, Winkler TH, Deinzer A, Erber S, Nettelbeck DM, Naschberger E, Jochmann R, Stürzl M, Slany RK, Werner T, Steinkasserer A, Knippertz I. Multiple interferon regulatory factor and NF-κB sites cooperate in mediating cell-type- and maturation-specific activation of the human CD83 promoter in dendritic cells. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1331-44. [PMID: 23339870 PMCID: PMC3624272 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01051-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD83 is one of the best-known surface markers for fully mature dendritic cells (mature DCs), and its cell-type- and maturation-specific regulation makes the CD83 promoter an interesting tool for the genetic modulation of DCs. To determine the mechanisms regulating this DC- and maturation-specific CD83 expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-on-chip microarray, biocomputational, reporter, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and ChIP analyses were performed. These studies led to the identification of a ternary transcriptional activation complex composed of an upstream regulatory element, a minimal promoter, and an enhancer, which have not been reported in this arrangement for any other gene so far. Notably, these DNA regions contain a complex framework of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)- and NF-κB transcription factor-binding sites mediating their arrangement. Mutation of any of the IRF-binding sites resulted in a significant loss of promoter activity, whereas overexpression of NF-κB transcription factors clearly enhanced transcription. We identified IRF-1, IRF-2, IRF-5, p50, p65, and cRel to be involved in regulating maturation-specific CD83 expression in DCs. Therefore, the characterization of this promoter complex not only contributes to the knowledge of DC-specific gene regulation but also suggests the involvement of a transcriptional module with binding sites separated into distinct regions in transcriptional activation as well as cell-type- and maturation-specific transcriptional targeting of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello F. Stein
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lang
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Winkler
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Deinzer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Erber
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Nettelbeck
- Helmholtz University Group Oncolytic Adenoviruses at the DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) and Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramona Jochmann
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert K. Slany
- Department of Genetics, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Genomatix Software GmbH, Munich, Germany
- Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Tan VY, Lewis SJ, Adams JC, Martin RM. Association of fascin-1 with mortality, disease progression and metastasis in carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2013; 11:52. [PMID: 23442983 PMCID: PMC3635876 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin-1 is an actin-bundling protein expressed in many human carcinomas, although absent from most normal epithelia. Fascin-1 promotes filopodia formation, migration and invasion in carcinoma cells; in mouse xenograft tumor models it contributes to metastasis. Fascin-1 is an interesting candidate biomarker for aggressive, metastatic carcinomas but data from individual studies of human tumors have not yet been pooled systematically. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, using fixed and random effects models, as appropriate, to undertake meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 26 immunohistochemical studies of 5 prevalent human carcinomas were identified for meta-analysis. Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of mortality for breast (pooled hazard ratio, (HR) = 2.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48 to 4.52; P = 0.001), colorectal (HR = 1.60 (1.37 to 1.86; P <0.001) and esophageal carcinomas (HR = 1.35; CI 1.13 to 1.60; P = 0.001). There was no evidence of association of fascin-1 with mortality in gastric and lung carcinomas. Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of disease progression in breast (HR = 2.48; CI 1.38 to 4.46; P = 0.002) and colorectal carcinomas (HR = 2.12; CI 1.00 to 4.47; P = 0.05), but not with progression of lung carcinomas (HR = 0.95; CI 0.49 to 1.85; P = 0.9). Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of lymph node metastasis in colorectal (pooled risk ratio (RR) = 1.47; CI 1.26 to 1.71; P <0.001) and gastric carcinomas (RR = 1.43; CI 1.21 to 1.70; P <0.001). There was no evidence of association of fascin-1 with lymph node metastasis in lung or esophageal carcinomas. Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of distant metastasis in colorectal (RR = 1.70; CI 1.18 to 2.45; P = 0.004) and gastric carcinomas (RR = 1.93; CI 1.21 to 3.33; P = 0.02). No association with distant metastasis in esophageal carcinomas was observed. Pooling across all the carcinomas provided strong evidence for association of fascin-1 with increased risk of mortality (HR = 1.44; CI 1.24 to 1.68; P <0.001; n = 3,645), lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.36; CI 1.18 to 1.55; P <0.001; n = 2,906) and distant metastasis (1.76; 1.34 to 2.32; P <0.001; n = 1,514). CONCLUSIONS Fascin-1 is associated consistently with increased risk of mortality in breast, colorectal and esophageal carcinomas and with metastasis in colorectal and gastric carcinomas. The results were stable to various sensitivity analyses and did not vary by predefined subgroups. These data will assist rational decision making for focusing investigations of fascin-1 as a biomarker or therapeutic target onto the most relevant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Y Tan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
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Kulasingam V, Diamandis EP. Fascin-1 is a novel biomarker of aggressiveness in some carcinomas. BMC Med 2013; 11:53. [PMID: 23443037 PMCID: PMC3626678 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in recent years towards the understanding, prevention and management of malignant disease, yet cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Current approaches towards combating this disease include prevention, early detection and various treatment modalities. However, even with implementation of novel therapeutic options and preventative measures, most cancers are currently diagnosed at late stages, when treatment therapies are least effective. In a recent study published in BMC Medicine, Tan et al. performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to show that fascin-1, an actin-bundling protein, is associated with increased risk of mortality and metastasis in various cancer types. Although the study examined the association of fascin-1 with mortality, time-to-disease progression, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in five major cancer types, the clinical implications of these findings are still unclear and many unanswered questions remain.Please see related research article here http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dynoodt P, Speeckaert R, De Wever O, Chevolet I, Brochez L, Lambert J, Van Gele M. miR-145 overexpression suppresses the migration and invasion of metastatic melanoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1443-51. [PMID: 23404256 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression which play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Since they are often highly deregulated in various types of cancer, miRNAs may be effective treatment targets. miRNA profiling studies of melanoma have led to the identification of several tumor suppressor miRNAs. One of these include miR-145, although functional data proving its specific function are limited. Therefore, in this study, we examined the expression levels of miR-145 in three melanoma cell lines (BLM, FM3P and WM793). Additional gain-of-function experiments revealed that miR-145 exerts an anti-proliferative effect in the primary, non-invasive melanoma cell line, WM793, whereas cell migration and the invasive potential of metastatic melanoma cells was suppressed following transfection with miR-145 mimics. In order to investigate the mechanisms by which miR-145 exerts its invasion suppressor function, we examined the expression level of target genes [fascin homolog 1 (FSCN1), myosin‑Va (MYO5A and SOX9] and that of an indirect target (RAB27A) following the overexpression of miR-145. The results showed that SOX9, MYO5A and RAB27A were not involved in the biological effects caused by miR-145 mimics. Surprisingly, we discovered that miR-145 in melanoma, in contrast to many other tumor types, does not necessarily act via the target, FSCN1, since the downregulation of FSCN1 did not inhibit cell proliferation or migration but, on the contrary, increased cell invasion in two out of the three melanoma cell lines examined. Our in vitro data is in accordance with previously reported in vivo data describing the low expression of FSCN1 in malignant melanomas when compared to dysplastic nevi, suggesting that the expression of FSCN1 decreases as the formation and progression stage of melanoma advances. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that miR-145 is an invasion suppressor in metastatic melanoma cells. Despite the fact that it remains unclear which genes or pathways are regulated by miR-145 in melanoma, miR-145 may serve as a useful therapeutic agent in melanoma when re-expressed in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dynoodt
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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El-Rehim DMA, El-Maqsoud NMRA, El-Hamid AMA, El-Bab TKF, Galal EM. Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and fascin in urinary bladder cancer: Correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 1:297-304. [PMID: 24649164 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and fascin have recently received considerable attention as emerging key markers of cell invasion and metastasis in various types of cancers. The present study aimed to characterize the expression of EMMPRIN and fascin in a cohort of bladder cancer patients and to verify the association with clinicopathological characteristics. Immunohistochemical analysis of EMMPRIN and fascin was performed in 125 bladder cancer specimens, including 86 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 39 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. Overexpression of EMMPRIN and fascin was detected in 71.2 and 83.2% of bladder carcinomas, respectively, while neither was detectable in the normal adjacent epithelium. In SCC, EMMPRIN and fascin expression scores were found to be higher compared to TCC cases (P=0.031 and 0.053, respectively). Higher EMMPRIN and fascin immunoscores markedly correlated with tumor pathological (pT) stage in TCC (P<0.001) and SCC (P=0.004 and 0.001, respectively). High EMMPRIN expression was strongly associated with advanced grades in TCC and SCC (P=0.003 and 0.002, respectively). Cases were then stratified, according to the joint expression status of EMMPRIN and fascin, into four immunoprofiles. A highly significant association was found between various tumor immunoprofiles and pathological stage. Of those, the EMMPRIN-/fascin-positive immunophenotype was closely associated with pT3 and pT4 tumors. The findings suggested an association between increased EMMPRIN and fascin expression and increased progression of bladder cancer. Additionally, these two markers may act in concert to mediate a more aggressive behavior through enhanced tumor cell invasion.
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Klein K, Maier T, Hirschfeld-Warneken VC, Spatz JP. Marker-free phenotyping of tumor cells by fractal analysis of reflection interference contrast microscopy images. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5474-9. [PMID: 24079895 PMCID: PMC3831548 DOI: 10.1021/nl4030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenotyping of tumor cells by marker-free quantification is important for cancer diagnostics. For the first time, fractal analysis of reflection interference contrast microscopy images of single living cells was employed as a new method to distinguish between different nanoscopic membrane features of tumor cells. Since tumor progression correlates with a higher degree of chaos within the cell, it can be quantified mathematically by fractality. Our results show a high accuracy in identifying malignant cells with a failure chance of 3%, which is far better than today's applied methods.
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Fascin-1, ezrin and paxillin contribute to the malignant progression and are predictors of clinical prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50710. [PMID: 23209815 PMCID: PMC3507730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Fascin-1, ezrin and paxillin, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, have been implicated in several human cancers, but their role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is unknown. We investigated the association of their expression and clinicopathologic factors and their prognostic value in LSCC. Materials and Methods Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to examine mRNA and protein levels in 10 fresh LSCC specimens and 10 corresponding adjacent normal margin (ANM) tissues from patients undergoing surgery in 2012. We used immunohistochemistry to retrospectively study 216 paraffin blocks of LSCC samples from patients (193 men) who had undergone surgery between 2000 and 2006 and had not received special treatment before the diagnosis. Univariate analysis of patient survival involved the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analyses involved the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The relative mRNA and protein levels of fascin-1, ezrin and paxillin were significantly greater in LSCC than ANM tissue (P<0.05). The high expression of fascin-1, ezrin or paxillin was positively correlated with poor tumor differentiation, cervical lymph node metastasis (N+), and advanced clinical stage (III+IV) (P<0.05) but not sex or metastasis. In addition, a high expression of fascin-1 (P = 0.007) or ezrin (P = 0.047) was associated with advanced tumor stage (T3+T4). The expression of fascin-1 was higher in smokers than non-smokers (P = 0.019). A high expression of fascin-1, ezrin or paxillin was associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions Fascin-1, ezrin and paxillin may be prognostic of poor outcome with LSCC after surgery. Our study may lead to establishing new molecular therapeutic targets and/or prognostic biomarkers in LSCC.
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128
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Yang S, Huang FK, Huang J, Chen S, Jakoncic J, Leo-Macias A, Diaz-Avalos R, Chen L, Zhang JJ, Huang XY. Molecular mechanism of fascin function in filopodial formation. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23184945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are cell surface protrusions that are essential for cell migration. This finger-like structure is supported by rigid tightly bundled actin filaments. The protein responsible for actin bundling in filopodia is fascin. However, the mechanism by which fascin functions in filopodial formation is not clear. Here we provide biochemical, cryo-electron tomographic, and x-ray crystal structural data demonstrating the unique structural characteristics of fascin. Systematic mutagenesis studies on 100 mutants of fascin indicate that there are two major actin-binding sites on fascin. Crystal structures of four fascin mutants reveal concerted conformational changes in fascin from inactive to active states in the process of actin bundling. Mutations in any one of the actin-binding sites impair the cellular function of fascin in filopodial formation. Altogether, our data reveal the molecular mechanism of fascin function in filopodial formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a human Huntington's disease patient. Biochem J 2012; 446:359-71. [PMID: 22694310 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HD (Huntington's disease) is a devastating neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT (huntingtin) gene. We have recently established two iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cell) lines derived from a HD patient carrying 72 CAG repeats (HD-iPSC). In order to understand the proteomic profiles of HD-iPSCs, we have performed comparative proteomic analysis among normal hESCs (human embryonic stem cells; H9), iPSCs (551-8) and HD-iPSCs at undifferentiated stages, and identified 26 up- and down-regulated proteins. Interestingly, these differentially expressed proteins are known to be involved in different biological processes, such as oxidative stress, programmed cell death and cellular oxygen-associated proteins. Among them, we found that oxidative stress-related proteins, such as SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) and Prx (peroxiredoxin) families are particularly affected in HD-iPSCs, implying that HD-iPSCs are highly susceptible to oxidative stress. We also found that BTF3 (basic transcription factor 3) is up-regulated in HD-iPSCs, which leads to the induction of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), followed by activation of the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. In addition, we observed that the expression of cytoskeleton-associated proteins was significantly reduced in HD-iPSCs, implying that neuronal differentiation was also affected. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HD-iPSCs can provide a unique cellular disease model system to understand the pathogenesis and neurodegeneration mechanisms in HD, and the identified proteins from the present study may serve as potential targets for developing future HD therapeutics.
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Groen CM, Spracklen AJ, Fagan TN, Tootle TL. Drosophila Fascin is a novel downstream target of prostaglandin signaling during actin remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4567-78. [PMID: 23051736 PMCID: PMC3510018 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) regulate the actin cytoskeleton. However, their mechanisms of action are unknown. Use of Drosophila oogenesis—specifically nurse cell dumping—as a model shows that PGs regulate the actin bundler Fascin to control parallel actin filament bundle formation and cortical actin integrity. Although prostaglandins (PGs)—lipid signals produced downstream of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes—regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics, their mechanisms of action are unknown. We previously established Drosophila oogenesis, in particular nurse cell dumping, as a new model to determine how PGs regulate actin remodeling. PGs, and thus the Drosophila COX-like enzyme Pxt, are required for both the parallel actin filament bundle formation and the cortical actin strengthening required for dumping. Here we provide the first link between Fascin (Drosophila Singed, Sn), an actin-bundling protein, and PGs. Loss of either pxt or fascin results in similar actin defects. Fascin interacts, both pharmacologically and genetically, with PGs, as reduced Fascin levels enhance the effects of COX inhibition and synergize with reduced Pxt levels to cause both parallel bundle and cortical actin defects. Conversely, overexpression of Fascin in the germline suppresses the effects of COX inhibition and genetic loss of Pxt. These data lead to the conclusion that PGs regulate Fascin to control actin remodeling. This novel interaction has implications beyond Drosophila, as both PGs and Fascin-1, in mammalian systems, contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Koizumi K, Takano K, Kaneyasu A, Watanabe-Takano H, Tokuda E, Abe T, Watanabe N, Takenawa T, Endo T. RhoD activated by fibroblast growth factor induces cytoneme-like cellular protrusions through mDia3C. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4647-61. [PMID: 23034183 PMCID: PMC3510025 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoD, activated by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, forms actin-based, cytoneme-like, thin and long cellular protrusions through activating mDia3C. These protrusions transmit FGF receptors toward the cell body. They are likely to be responsible for intercellular communication between FGF-producing cells and target cells. The small GTPase RhoD regulates actin cytoskeleton to collapse actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, resulting in suppression of cell migration and cytokinesis. It also induces alignment of early endosomes along actin filaments and reduces their motility. We show here that a constitutively activated RhoD generated two types of actin-containing thin peripheral cellular protrusions distinct from Cdc42-induced filopodia. One was longer, almost straight, immotile, and sensitive to fixation, whereas the other was shorter, undulating, motile, and resistant to fixation. Moreover, cells expressing wild-type RhoD extended protrusions toward fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2/4/8–coated beads. Stimulation of wild-type RhoD-expressing cells with these FGFs also caused formation of cellular protrusions. Nodules moved through the RhoD-induced longer protrusions, mainly toward the cell body. Exogenously expressed FGF receptor was associated with these moving nodules containing endosome-like vesicles. These results suggest that the protrusions are responsible for intercellular communication mediated by FGF and its receptor. Accordingly, the protrusions are morphologically and functionally equivalent to cytonemes. RhoD was activated by FGF2/4/8. Knockdown of RhoD interfered with FGF-induced protrusion formation. Activated RhoD specifically bound to mDia3C and facilitated actin polymerization together with mDia3C. mDia3C was localized to the tips or stems of the protrusions. In addition, constitutively activated mDia3C formed protrusions without RhoD or FGF stimulation. Knockdown of mDia3 obstructed RhoD-induced protrusion formation. These results imply that RhoD activated by FGF signaling forms cytoneme-like protrusions through activation of mDia3C, which induces actin filament formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Koizumi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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132
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Zhou L, Wang DS. Fascin-1 and digestive system carcinomas. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2125-2130. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i23.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are major reasons for poor prognosis of digestive system carcinomas. Motility and migratory capacity are important in contributing to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Fascin-1 is a globular actin crosslinking protein that can form parallel actin bundles in cell protrusions and is involved in cell adhesion, movement, and signal transduction. In vitro up-regulation of Fascin-1 can increase migration and invasion capacity of cells, while down-regulation of Fascin-1 can decrease migration and invasion capacity of cells. Many studies show that up-regulation of Fascin-1 expression is significantly associated with worse prognosis, poorer differentiation, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis in patients with digestive system carcinomas. Therefore, Fascin-1 may have prognostic value as an early biomarker for more aggressive digestive system carcinomas and may be a potential therapeutic target for tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Tsai WC, Lin CK, Lee HS, Gao HW, Nieh S, Chan DC, Jin JS. The correlation of cortactin and fascin-1 expression with clinicopathological parameters in pancreatic and ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma. APMIS 2012; 121:171-81. [PMID: 23030700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin and fascin-1 are important factors affecting progression and metastasis of carcinomas. We tested the hypothesis that cortactin and fascin expression has significant correlation with clinicopathological parameters in pancreatic and ampulla of Vater adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of cortactin and fascin-1 was performed in 50 pancreatic and 40 ampulla of Vater adenocarcinomas. The specimens were from 29 R0, 8 R1, and 13 palliative resections of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 18 R0, 14 R1, and 8 palliative resections of ampulla of Vater adenocarcinomas. 'R0' resection is defined by complete removal of the tumor and histologically negative surgical margins and 'R1' resection indicates the presence of microscopically residual disease at the surgical margins. The level of expression was assessed by scoring the intensity of cytoplasmic or membranous immunostaining on a 4-point scale. Higher immunostaining scores of cortactin and fascin-1 were both significantly correlated with histological grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and survival rate in all patients. In conclusion, overexpression of cortactin and fascin-1 implies poorer tumor differentiation, advanced AJCC stage, and shorter survival rate in pancreatic and ampulla of Vater adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taichung County, Taiwan
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134
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Jayo A, Parsons M, Adams JC. A novel Rho-dependent pathway that drives interaction of fascin-1 with p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase (LIMK) 1/2 to promote fascin-1/actin binding and filopodia stability. BMC Biol 2012; 10:72. [PMID: 22883572 PMCID: PMC3488970 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascin-1 is an actin crosslinking protein that is important for the assembly of cell protrusions in neurons, skeletal and smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. Although absent from most normal adult epithelia, fascin-1 is upregulated in many human carcinomas, and is associated with poor prognosis because of its promotion of carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Rac and Cdc42 small guanine triphosphatases have been identified as upstream regulators of the association of fascin-1 with actin, but the possible role of Rho has remained obscure. Additionally, experiments have been hampered by the inability to measure the fascin-1/actin interaction directly in intact cells. We investigated the hypothesis that fascin-1 is a functional target of Rho in normal and carcinoma cells, using experimental approaches that included a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)/fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) method to measure the interaction of fascin-1 with actin. Results Rho activity modulates the interaction of fascin-1 with actin, as detected by a novel FRET method, in skeletal myoblasts and human colon carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, Rho regulation depends on Rho kinase activity, is independent of the status of myosin II activity, and is not mediated by promotion of the fascin/PKC complex. The p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinases (LIMK), LIMK1 and LIMK2, act downstream of Rho kinases as novel binding partners of fascin-1, and this complex regulates the stability of filopodia. Conclusions We have identified a novel activity of Rho in promoting a complex between fascin-1 and LIMK1/2 that modulates the interaction of fascin-1 with actin. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the intracellular coordination of contractile and protrusive actin-based structures. During the course of the study, we developed a novel FRET method for analysis of the fascin-1/actin interaction, with potential general applicability for analyzing the activities of actin-binding proteins in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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135
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Conesa-Zamora P, García-Solano J, García-García F, Turpin MDC, Trujillo-Santos J, Torres-Moreno D, Oviedo-Ramírez I, Carbonell-Muñoz R, Muñoz-Delgado E, Rodriguez-Braun E, Conesa A, Pérez-Guillermo M. Expression profiling shows differential molecular pathways and provides potential new diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:297-307. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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136
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Zanet J, Jayo A, Plaza S, Millard T, Parsons M, Stramer B. Fascin promotes filopodia formation independent of its role in actin bundling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:477-86. [PMID: 22564415 PMCID: PMC3352952 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of a critical residue of fascin eliminates the protein’s actin-bundling activity but maintains its positive role in filopodia formation Fascin is an evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein that plays a key role in forming filopodia. It is widely thought that this function involves fascin directly bundling actin filaments, which is controlled by an N-terminal regulatory serine residue. In this paper, by studying cellular processes in Drosophila melanogaster that require fascin activity, we identify a regulatory residue within the C-terminal region of the protein (S289). Unexpectedly, although mutation (S289A) of this residue disrupted the actin-bundling capacity of fascin, fascin S289A fully rescued filopodia formation in fascin mutant flies. Live imaging of migrating macrophages in vivo revealed that this mutation restricted the localization of fascin to the distal ends of filopodia. The corresponding mutation of human fascin (S274) similarly affected its interaction with actin and altered filopodia dynamics within carcinoma cells. These data reveal an evolutionarily conserved role for this regulatory region and unveil a function for fascin, uncoupled from actin bundling, at the distal end of filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zanet
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, England, UK
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137
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Liu J, Li ZR, Mao XH. Clinical significance of expression of fascin and MMP-9 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:795-799. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i9.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of fascin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and to analyze their clinical significance.
METHODS: The expression of fascin and MMP-9 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 56 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and 14 cases of normal tissue of the bile duct.
RESULTS: The positive rates of fascin and MMP-9 expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma were obviously higher than those in normal tissue of the bile duct (58.9% vs 0%, 73.2% vs 14.3%, both P < 0.05). Both fascin and MMP-9 expression were associated with histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and portal vein invasion (all P < 0.05). In hair cholangiocarcinoma, the expression of fascin was positively correlative with that of MMP-9 (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The expression of fascin and MMP-9 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma plays important roles in tumor progression and metastasis.
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138
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The cluster of miR-143 and miR-145 affects the risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through co-regulating fascin homolog 1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33987. [PMID: 22457808 PMCID: PMC3311581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 18–24 nt non-coding RNAs, are thought to play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. Recent studies suggest that some of the known microRNAs map to a single genomic locale within a single polycistronic transcript. But the roles of the cluster remain to be known. In order to understand the role and mechanism of a cluster of miR-143 and miR-145 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the association of mature miR-143 and miR-145 expression with the risk for esophageal cancer was evaluated in ESCC patients with a case-control study, and target protein regulated by mature miRNA was analyzed in ESCC cell lines with 3′UTR luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of miR-143 and miR-145 were determined in 110 pairs of esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The relative expression of miR-143 and miR-145 were statistically different between cancer tissues and matched controls. The combined expression of miR-143 and miR-145 was significantly associated with the risk for esophageal cancer. Meanwhile, the reduced expression of two miRNAs in tumor patient was supposed to have a trend of lymph node metastases. The co-expression pattern of miR-143 and miR-145 was analyzed with Pearson correlation. It showed a significant correlation between these two miRNAs expression both in tissues and tumor cell lines. 3′UTR luciferase reporter assay indicated that Fascin Homolog 1 (FSCN1) could be co-regulated by miR-143 and miR-145. The protein level of FSCN1 showed no significant linear correlation with miR-143 and miR-145 expression in ESCC cell lines with Western blotting analysis. In conclusion, since miR-143 and miR-145 could regulate oncogenic FSCN1 and take part in the modulation of metastases, the result suggested the combination variable of miR-143 and miR-145 as a potential biomarker for earlier diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer.
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139
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Sevoflurane inhibits invasion and migration of lung cancer cells by inactivating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. J Anesth 2012; 26:381-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-011-1317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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140
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Fascin expression in skull base chordoma: correlation with tumor recurrence and dura erosion. Med Oncol 2012; 29:2438-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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141
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Alam H, Bhate AV, Gangadaran P, Sawant SS, Salot S, Sehgal L, Dange PP, Chaukar DA, D'cruz AK, Kannanl S, Gude R, Kane S, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Fascin overexpression promotes neoplastic progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:32. [PMID: 22264292 PMCID: PMC3329405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascin is a globular actin cross-linking protein, which plays a major role in forming parallel actin bundles in cell protrusions and is found to be associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis in various type of cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we have demonstrated that fascin regulates actin polymerization and thereby promotes cell motility in K8-depleted OSCC cells. In the present study we have investigated the role of fascin in tumor progression of OSCC. Methods To understand the role of fascin in OSCC development and/or progression, fascin was overexpressed along with vector control in OSCC derived cells AW13516. The phenotype was studied using wound healing, Boyden chamber, cell adhesion, Hanging drop, soft agar and tumorigenicity assays. Further, fascin expression was examined in human OSCC samples (N = 131) using immunohistochemistry and level of its expression was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients. Results Fascin overexpression in OSCC derived cells led to significant increase in cell migration, cell invasion and MMP-2 activity. In addition these cells demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Our in vitro results were consistent with correlative studies of fascin expression with the clinico-pathological parameters of the OSCC patients. Fascin expression in OSCC showed statistically significant correlation with increased tumor stage (P = 0.041), increased lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), less differentiation (P = 0.005), increased recurrence (P = 0.038) and shorter survival (P = 0.004) of the patients. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicate that fascin promotes tumor progression and activates AKT and MAPK pathways in OSCC-derived cells. Further, our correlative studies of fascin expression in OSCC with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients indicate that fascin may prove to be useful in prognostication and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer Tata Memorial Centre (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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142
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Fascin, a novel marker of human hepatic stellate cells, may regulate their proliferation, migration, and collagen gene expression through the FAK-PI3K-Akt pathway. J Transl Med 2012; 92:57-71. [PMID: 22005766 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin is a component of actin bundles and may regulate various cellular events. The expression and function of fascin in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has remained largely uncharacterized. Fascin expression in human liver tissue was studied using immunohistochemistry. To identify cells expressing fascin, double immunofluorescent staining with vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), or fibulin-2 was performed and analyzed with confocal microscopy. In culture experiments, fascin expression and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt in LX-2 cells, a cell line of human HSCs, were investigated using western blot. Specific siRNAs were used to reduce the expression of fascin in LX-2 cells. Proliferation and migration were assayed with a CyQuant assay kit and a Matrigel-coated culture insert system, respectively. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and collagen mRNAs were examined using quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of fascin along sinusoids and overlapping with vimentin and α-SMA in both non-fibrotic and fibrotic liver tissue, but it was almost absent in periportal myofibroblastic cells and did not colocalize with fibulin-2, a marker of portal myofibroblasts. In addition, fascin immunoreactivity was almost undetectable in septa of fibrotic human liver tissue. The expression of fascin in LX-2 cells was confirmed using western blot. Two different specific siRNAs against fascin significantly reduced the number of viable LX-2 cells to 65% compared with control cultures and downregulated the mRNAs levels of types I and III collagen and MMP-2 to 62%, 65%, and 70% of control levels, respectively. This condition also reduced the migration activity of LX-2 cells to 46% of control cells and the phosphorylation level of both FAK and Akt. Fascin may be an excellent novel marker of human HSCs that distinguishes HSCs from periportal myofibroblasts. Fascin may regulate functions of human HSCs through the FAK-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway.
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143
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Xu YF, Yu SN, Lu ZH, Liu JP, Chen J. Fascin promotes the motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4470-8. [PMID: 22110277 PMCID: PMC3218137 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i40.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role of actin-bundling protein, fascin during the progression of pancreatic cancer.
METHODS: The plasmid expressing human fascin-1 was stably transfected into the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. The proliferation, cell cycle, motility, scattering, invasiveness and organization of the actin filament system in fascin-transfected MIA PaCa-2 cells and control non-transfected cells were determined.
RESULTS: Heterogeneous overexpression of fascin markedly enhanced the motility, scattering, and invasiveness of MIA PaCa-2 cells. However, overexpression of fascin had minimal effect on MIA PaCa-2 cell proliferation and cell cycle. In addition, cell morphology and organization of the actin filament system were distinctly altered in fascin overexpressed cells. When transplanted into BALB/c-nu mice, fascin-transfected pancreatic cancer cells developed solid tumors at a slightly slower rate, but these tumors displayed more aggressive behavior in comparison with control tumors.
CONCLUSION: Fascin promotes pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and scattering, thus contributes to the aggressive behavior of pancreatic cancer cells.
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144
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Sun J, He H, Xiong Y, Lu S, Shen J, Cheng A, Chang WC, Hou MF, Lancaster JM, Kim M, Yang S. Fascin protein is critical for transforming growth factor β protein-induced invasion and filopodia formation in spindle-shaped tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38865-75. [PMID: 21914811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.270413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin, an actin-bundling protein overexpressed in all carcinomas, has been associated with poor prognosis, shorter survival, and more metastatic diseases. It is believed that fascin facilitates tumor metastasis by promoting the formation of invasive membrane protrusions. However, the mechanisms by which fascin is overexpressed in tumors are not clear. TGFβ is a cytokine secreted by tumor and mesenchymal cells and promotes metastasis in many late stage tumors. The pro-metastasis mechanisms of TGFβ remain to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrated that TGFβ induced fascin expression in spindle-shaped tumor cells through the canonical Smad-dependent pathway. Fascin was critical for TGFβ-promoted filopodia formation, migration, and invasion in spindle tumor cells. More importantly, fascin expression significantly correlates with TGFβ1 and TGFβ receptor I levels in a cohort of primary breast tumor samples. Our results indicate that elevated TGFβ level in the tumor microenvironment may be responsible for fascin overexpression in some of the metastatic tumors. Our data also suggest that fascin could play a central role in TGFβ-promoted tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Sun
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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145
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Stewart CJR, Crook ML, Manso L. Fascin expression in low-grade uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma: correlation with microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF)-type alteration at the deep invasive margin. Histopathology 2011; 59:73-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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146
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Scott KL, Nogueira C, Heffernan TP, van Doorn R, Dhakal S, Hanna JA, Min C, Jaskelioff M, Xiao Y, Wu CJ, Cameron LA, Perry SR, Zeid R, Feinberg T, Kim M, Woude GV, Granter SR, Bosenberg M, Chu GC, DePinho RA, Rimm DL, Chin L. Proinvasion metastasis drivers in early-stage melanoma are oncogenes. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:92-103. [PMID: 21741599 PMCID: PMC3176328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and genomic evidence suggests that the metastatic potential of a primary tumor may be dictated by prometastatic events that have additional oncogenic capability. To test this "deterministic" hypothesis, we adopted a comparative oncogenomics-guided function-based strategy involving: (1) comparison of global transcriptomes of two genetically engineered mouse models with contrasting metastatic potential, (2) genomic and transcriptomic profiles of human melanoma, (3) functional genetic screen for enhancers of cell invasion, and (4) evidence of expression selection in human melanoma tissues. This integrated effort identified six genes that are potently proinvasive and oncogenic. Furthermore, we show that one such gene, ACP5, confers spontaneous metastasis in vivo, engages a key pathway governing metastasis, and is prognostic in human primary melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L. Scott
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Nogueira
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, (IPATIMUP)/Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Timothy P. Heffernan
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabin Dhakal
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason A. Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chengyin Min
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariela Jaskelioff
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa A. Cameron
- Confocal and Light Microscopy Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel R. Perry
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhamy Zeid
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamar Feinberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Scott R. Granter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald C. Chu
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to LC:
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147
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Jansen S, Collins A, Yang C, Rebowski G, Svitkina T, Dominguez R. Mechanism of actin filament bundling by fascin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30087-96. [PMID: 21685497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.251439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin is the main actin filament bundling protein in filopodia. Because of the important role filopodia play in cell migration, fascin is emerging as a major target for cancer drug discovery. However, an understanding of the mechanism of bundle formation by fascin is critically lacking. Fascin consists of four β-trefoil domains. Here, we show that fascin contains two major actin-binding sites, coinciding with regions of high sequence conservation in β-trefoil domains 1 and 3. The site in β-trefoil-1 is located near the binding site of the fascin inhibitor macroketone and comprises residue Ser-39, whose phosphorylation by protein kinase C down-regulates actin bundling and formation of filopodia. The site in β-trefoil-3 is related by pseudo-2-fold symmetry to that in β-trefoil-1. The two sites are ∼5 nm apart, resulting in a distance between actin filaments in the bundle of ∼8.1 nm. Residue mutations in both sites disrupt bundle formation in vitro as assessed by co-sedimentation with actin and electron microscopy and severely impair formation of filopodia in cells as determined by rescue experiments in fascin-depleted cells. Mutations of other areas of the fascin surface also affect actin bundling and formation of filopodia albeit to a lesser extent, suggesting that, in addition to the two major actin-binding sites, fascin makes secondary contacts with other filaments in the bundle. In a high resolution crystal structure of fascin, molecules of glycerol and polyethylene glycol are bound in pockets located within the two major actin-binding sites. These molecules could guide the rational design of new anticancer fascin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jansen
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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148
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Hayashi Y, Osanai M, Lee GH. Fascin-1 expression correlates with repression of E-cadherin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and augments their invasiveness in combination with matrix metalloproteinases. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1228-35. [PMID: 21323792 PMCID: PMC11158138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of fascin-1, an actin bundling protein, is a poor prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its biological role in HCC cells remains unclear. Using human HCC tissues and cell lines HLE, Hep3B, and Huh7, we investigated whether fascin-1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increases invasiveness, thus serving as a promoter of cancer aggressiveness. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that fascin-1 expression in 19% of primary HCCs was associated with repression of E-cadherin expression, indicating EMT. In vitro, HLE cells showed high fascin-1 expression, loss of E-cadherin, and efficient invasion through Matrigel. Knockdown of fascin-1 significantly repressed invasiveness of the HLE cells and slightly induced E-cadherin expression. In contrast, Huh7 cells had low fascin-1 levels, high E-cadherin expression, and were expectedly non-invasive. However, forced overexpression of fascin-1 conferred only modest invasiveness without E-cadherin repression, indicating that fascin-1 alone cannot effectively stimulate invasiveness or EMT. Furthermore, Hep3B cells were non-invasive despite high fascin-1 expression. Nevertheless, fascin-1 overexpression dramatically increased the migratory potential of Huh7 cells. We then evaluated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 from the HCC cell lines. Significant MMP secretion was only found in HLE cells. Although MMP levels were not elevated in fascin-1-overexpressing Huh7 cells, their invasiveness was remarkably augmented by coculture with HLE cells, and was suppressed in the presence of an MMP inhibitor. In conclusion, we propose that fascin-1 primarily acts as a migration factor associated with EMT in HCC cells and facilitates their invasiveness in combination with MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Japan
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149
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Alam H, Kundu ST, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Loss of keratins 8 and 18 leads to alterations in α6β4-integrin-mediated signalling and decreased neoplastic progression in an oral-tumour-derived cell line. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2096-106. [PMID: 21610092 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18) are predominantly expressed in simple epithelial tissues and perform both mechanical and regulatory functions. Aberrant expression of K8 and K18 is associated with neoplastic progression and invasion in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). To understand the molecular basis by which K8 promotes neoplastic progression in oral SCC (OSCC), K8 expression was inhibited in AW13516 cells. The K8-knockdown clones showed a significant reduction in tumorigenic potential, which was accompanied by a reduction in cell motility, cell invasion, decreased fascin levels, alterations in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and changes in cell shape. Furthermore, K8 knockdown led to a decrease in α6β4 integrin levels and α6β4-integrin-dependent signalling events, which have been reported to play an important role in neoplastic progression in epithelial tissues. Therefore, modulation of α6β4 integrin signalling might be one of the mechanisms by which K8 and K18 promote malignant transformation and/or progression in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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150
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The tumor marker Fascin is strongly induced by the Tax oncoprotein of HTLV-1 through NF-κB signals. Blood 2011; 117:3609-12. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-305805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOncogenic transformation of CD4+ T cells by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is understood as the initial step to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a process that is mainly initiated by perturbation of cellular signaling by the viral Tax oncoprotein, a potent transcriptional regulator. In search of novel biomarkers with relevance to oncogenesis, we identified the tumor marker and actin-bundling protein Fascin (FSCN1) to be specifically and strongly up-regulated in both HTLV-1–transformed and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patient-derived CD4+ T cells. Fascin is important for migration and metastasis in various types of cancer. Here we report that a direct link can exist between a single viral oncoprotein and Fascin expression, as the viral oncoprotein Tax was sufficient to induce high levels of Fascin. Nuclear factor-κB signals were important for Tax-mediated transcriptional regulation of Fascin in T cells. This suggests that Fascin up-regulation by Tax contributes to the development of HTLV-1–associated pathogenesis.
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