101
|
Bowen DM, Lewis JA, Lu W, Schein CH. Simplifying complex sequence information: a PCP-consensus protein binds antibodies against all four Dengue serotypes. Vaccine 2012; 30:6081-7. [PMID: 22863657 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Designing proteins that reflect the natural variability of a pathogen is essential for developing novel vaccines and drugs. Flaviviruses, including Dengue (DENV) and West Nile (WNV), evolve rapidly and can "escape" neutralizing monoclonal antibodies by mutation. Designing antigens that represent many distinct strains is important for DENV, where infection with a strain from one of the four serotypes may lead to severe hemorrhagic disease on subsequent infection with a strain from another serotype. Here, a DENV physicochemical property (PCP)-consensus sequence was derived from 671 unique sequences from the Flavitrack database. PCP-consensus proteins for domain 3 of the envelope protein (EdomIII) were expressed from synthetic genes in Escherichia coli. The ability of the purified consensus proteins to bind polyclonal antibodies generated in response to infection with strains from each of the four DENV serotypes was determined. The initial consensus protein bound antibodies from DENV-1-3 in ELISA and Western blot assays. This sequence was altered in 3 steps to incorporate regions of maximum variability, identified as significant changes in the PCPs, characteristic of DENV-4 strains. The final protein was recognized by antibodies against all four serotypes. Two amino acids essential for efficient binding to all DENV antibodies are part of a discontinuous epitope previously defined for a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The PCP-consensus method can significantly reduce the number of experiments required to define a multivalent antigen, which is particularly important when dealing with pathogens that must be tested at higher biosafety levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Bowen
- Computational Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0857, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Come fly with me: review of clinically important arboviruses for global travelers. J Clin Virol 2012; 55:191-203. [PMID: 22840968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Western tourists are increasingly traveling to exotic locations often located in tropical or subtropical regions of the world. The magnitude of international travel and the constantly changing dynamics of arbovirus diseases across the globe demand up-to-date information about arbovirus threats to travelers and the countries they visit. In this review, the current knowledge on arbovirus threats to global travelers is summarized and prioritized per region. Based on most common clinical syndromes, currently known arboviruses can be grouped to develop diagnostic algorithms to support decision-making in diagnostics. This review systematically combines and structures the current knowledge on medically important travel-related arboviruses and illustrates the necessity of a detailed patient history (travel history, symptoms experienced, vaccination history, engaged activities, tick or mosquito bite and use of repellent and onset of symptoms), to guide the diagnosis.
Collapse
|
103
|
Pérez-Guerra CL, Rodríguez-Acosta RL, Soto-Gómez E, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Peña-Orellana M, Santiago LM, Rivera R, Cruz RR, Ramírez V, Tomashek KM, Dayan G. Assessing the interest to participate in a dengue vaccine efficacy trial among residents of Puerto Rico. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:905-15. [PMID: 22832259 DOI: 10.4161/hv.20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, endemic in Puerto Rico, is a major public health problem. Vaccines are thought the best means to prevent dengue because vector control alone has been largely ineffective. We implemented qualitative studies in 2006 and 2010 to determine the acceptability of conducting placebo-controlled dengue vaccine efficacy trials in Puerto Rican children. Key informant interviews and focus groups with parents and children were conducted in municipalities with high dengue incidence. We used structured open-ended questions to determine motivators and attitudes regarding vaccine trial participation. Knowledge about dengue risk and prevention, and knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding vaccines and vaccine trials were assessed. Using grounded theory, we conducted content analysis and established categories and sub-categories of participant responses. All participants were knowledgeable about dengue prevention and perceived children as most affected age groups. Participants were aware of vaccines benefits and they thought a vaccine could prevent dengue. However, most would not allow their children to participate in a placebo-controlled vaccine trial. Barriers included lack of trust in new vaccines and vaccine trial procedures; fear of developing dengue or side effects from the vaccine and lack of information about candidate dengue vaccines. Participants thought information, including results of previous trials might overcome barriers to participation. Motivators for participation were altruism, protection from dengue, free medical attention, and compensation for transportation and participation. Parents would consider children participation if accurate vaccine trial information is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Pérez-Guerra
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Martínez CA, Giulietti AM, Talou JR. Research advances in plant-made flavivirus antigens. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1493-505. [PMID: 22480936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of flaviviruses such as dengue (DV), yellow fever (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) and West Nile (WNV) affect numerous countries around the world. The fast spread of these viruses is the result of increases in the human population, rapid urbanisation and globalisation. While vector control is an important preventive measure against vector-borne diseases, it has failed to prevent the spread of these diseases, particularly in developing countries where the implementation of control measures is intermittent. As antiviral drugs against flaviviruses are not yet available, vaccination remains the most important tool for prevention. Although human vaccines for YFV, TBEV and JEV are available, on-going vaccination efforts are insufficient to prevent infection. No vaccines against DENV and WNV are available. Research advances have provided important tools for flavivirus vaccine development, such as the use of plants as a recombinant antigen production platform. This review summarises the research efforts in this area and highlights why a plant system is considered a necessary alternative production platform for high-tech subunit vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Martínez
- Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, CP 1113, C.A.B.A, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Silva EF, Orsi M, Andrade AL, Domingues RZ, Silva BM, de Araújo HRC, Pimenta PFP, Diamond MS, Rocha ESO, Kroon EG, Malaquias LCC, Coelho LFL. A tetravalent dengue nanoparticle stimulates antibody production in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2012; 10:13. [PMID: 22439913 PMCID: PMC3349613 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Infection with a single Dengue virus (DENV) serotype causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called dengue fever. However, a subset of patients experiencing secondary infection with a different serotype progresses to the severe form of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat dengue infections. Biodegradable nanoparticles coated with proteins represent a promising method for in vivo delivery of vaccines. Findings Here, we used a murine model to evaluate the IgG production after administration of inactivated DENV corresponding to all four serotypes adsorbed to bovine serum albumin nanoparticles. This formulation induced a production of anti-DENV IgG antibodies (p < 0.001). However, plaque reduction neutralization assays with the four DENV serotypes revealed that these antibodies have no neutralizing activity in the dilutions tested. Conclusions Our results show that while the nanoparticle system induces humoral responses against DENV, further investigation with different DENV antigens will be required to improve immunogenicity, epitope specicity, and functional activity to make this platform a viable option for DENV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisângela F Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Moore Shepherd
- Department of Emergency Medicine, PENN Travel Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Dengue virus entry as target for antiviral therapy. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:628475. [PMID: 22529868 PMCID: PMC3317058 DOI: 10.1155/2012/628475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infections are expanding worldwide and, because of the lack of a vaccine, the search for antiviral products is imperative. Four serotypes of DENV are described and they all cause a similar disease outcome. It would be interesting to develop an antiviral product that can interact with all four serotypes, prevent host cell infection and subsequent immune activation. DENV entry is thus an interesting target for antiviral therapy. DENV enters the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Several cellular receptors have been proposed, and DC-SIGN, present on dendritic cells, is considered as the most important DENV receptor until now. Because DENV entry is a target for antiviral therapy, various classes of compounds have been investigated to inhibit this process. In this paper, an overview is given of all the putative DENV receptors, and the most promising DENV entry inhibitors are discussed.
Collapse
|
108
|
Dengue virus-like particles: construction and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:39-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
109
|
Tang LIC, Ling APK, Koh RY, Chye SM, Voon KGL. Screening of anti-dengue activity in methanolic extracts of medicinal plants. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:3. [PMID: 22244370 PMCID: PMC3269354 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Dengue fever regardless of its serotypes has been the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases among the world population. The development of a dengue vaccine is complicated by the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Thus, the development of a plant-based antiviral preparation promises a more potential alternative in combating dengue disease. Methods Present studies investigated the antiviral effects of standardised methanolic extracts of Andrographis paniculata, Citrus limon, Cymbopogon citratus, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum and Pelargonium citrosum on dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1). Results O. sanctum contained 88.6% of total flavonoids content, an amount that was the highest among all the six plants tested while the least was detected in M. charantia. In this study, the maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of the six medicinal plants was determined by testing the methanolic extracts against Vero E6 cells in vitro. Studies also determined that the MNTD of methanolic extract was in the decreasing order of M. charantia >C. limon >P. citrosum, O. sanctum >A. paniculata >C. citratus. Antiviral assay based on cytopathic effects (CPE) denoted by degree of inhibition upon treating DENV1-infected Vero E6 cells with MNTD of six medicinal plants showed that A. paniculata has the most antiviral inhibitory effects followed by M. charantia. These results were further verified with an in vitro inhibition assay using MTT, in which 113.0% and 98.0% of cell viability were recorded as opposed to 44.6% in DENV-1 infected cells. Although methanolic extracts of O. sanctum and C. citratus showed slight inhibition effect based on CPE, a significant inhibition was not reflected in MTT assay. Methanolic extracts of C. limon and P. citrosum did not prevent cytopathic effects or cell death from DENV-1. Conclusions The methanol extracts of A. paniculata and M. charantia possess the ability of inhibiting the activity of DENV-1 in in vitro assays. Both of these plants are worth to be further investigated and might be advantageous as an alternative for dengue treatment.
Collapse
|
110
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dengue is currently an expanding global health problem. Development of an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is considered a high public health priority. The uniqueness of the dengue viruses (DENVs) and the spectrum of disease resulting from infection has made dengue vaccine development difficult. This review focuses on the current critical issues in dengue vaccine development. RECENT FINDINGS DENVs are arboviral flaviviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes causing a spectrum of clinical disease. DENV infections are a significant global health problem; the WHO estimates that more than 120 countries have endemic DENV transmission resulting in 70-500 million infections, 2.1 million clinically severe cases, and 21 000 deaths annually. There are currently no licensed antivirals or vaccines to treat or prevent dengue. The DENV-host interaction of infection is unique with severe disease a consequence of sequential dengue infection, viral immune evasion, host antibody enhancement, host immune activation, and genetic predisposition. This unique pathogen-host interaction complicates dengue vaccine development and creates provocative questions in vaccine development such as identifying markers of protective immunogenicity, the potential role of antibody in vaccine failures, and the possible impact of large-scale vaccination on the evolution of wild-type DENV. SUMMARY Dengue is a unique and complex disease; developing a dengue vaccine has proven equally complex. In this review, the authors discuss issues that will prove to be critical to the success or failure of the dengue vaccine development effort.
Collapse
|
111
|
Olsen LR, Zhang GL, Keskin DB, Reinherz EL, Brusic V. Conservation analysis of dengue virus T-cell epitope-based vaccine candidates using Peptide block entropy. Front Immunol 2011; 2:69. [PMID: 22566858 PMCID: PMC3341948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Broad coverage of the pathogen population is particularly important when designing CD8+ T-cell epitope vaccines against viral pathogens. Traditional approaches are based on combinations of highly conserved T-cell epitopes. Peptide block entropy analysis is a novel approach for assembling sets of broadly covering antigens. Since T-cell epitopes are recognized as peptides rather than individual residues, this method is based on calculating the information content of blocks of peptides from a multiple sequence alignment of homologous proteins rather than using the information content of individual residues. The block entropy analysis provides broad coverage of variant antigens. We applied the block entropy analysis method to the proteomes of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) and found 1,551 blocks of 9-mer peptides, which cover 99% of available sequences with five or fewer unique peptides. In contrast, the benchmark study by Khan et al. (2008) resulted in 165 conserved 9-mer peptides. Many of the conserved blocks are located consecutively in the proteins. Connecting these blocks resulted in 78 conserved regions. Of the 1551 blocks of 9-mer peptides 110 comprised predicted HLA binder sets. In total, 457 subunit peptides that encompass the diversity of all sequenced DENV strains of which 333 are T-cell epitope candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rønn Olsen
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Leo YS, Ng LC, Cutter J. Dengue Research in Singapore Marking the Inaugural ASEAN Dengue Day. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2011. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n12p520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Sin Leo
- Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, The National Environmental Agency, Singapore
| | - Jeffery Cutter
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Bustos-Arriaga J, García-Machorro J, León-Juárez M, García-Cordero J, Santos-Argumedo L, Flores-Romo L, Méndez-Cruz AR, Juárez-Delgado FJ, Cedillo-Barrón L. Activation of the innate immune response against DENV in normal non-transformed human fibroblasts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1420. [PMID: 22206025 PMCID: PMC3243703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When mosquitoes infected with DENV are feeding, the proboscis must traverse the epidermis several times ("probing") before reaching a blood vessel in the dermis. During this process, the salivary glands release the virus, which is likely to interact first with cells of the various epidermal and dermal layers, cells which could be physiologically relevant to DENV infection and replication in humans. However, important questions are whether more abundant non-hematopoietic cells such as fibroblasts become infected, and whether they play any role in antiviral innate immunity in the very early stages of infection, or even if they might be used by DENV as primary replication cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fibroblasts freshly released from healthy skin and infected 12 hours after their isolation show a positive signal for DENV. In addition, when primary skin fibroblast cultures were established and subsequently infected, we showed DENV-2 antigen-positive intracellular signal at 24 hours and 48 hours post-infection. Moreover, the fibroblasts showed productive infection in a conventional plaque assay. The skin fibroblasts infected with DENV-2 underwent potent signaling through both TLR3 and RIG- 1, but not Mda5, triggering up-regulation of IFNβ, TNFα, defensin 5 (HB5) and β defensin 2 (HβD2). In addition, DENV infected fibroblasts showed increased nuclear translocation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), when compared with mock-infected fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In this work, we demonstrated the high susceptibility to DENV infection by primary fibroblasts from normal human skin, both in situ and in vitro. Our results suggest that these cells may contribute to the pro-inflammatory and anti-viral microenvironment in the early stages of interaction with DENV-2. Furthermore, the data suggest that fibroblast may also be used as a primary site of DENV replication and provide viral particles that may contribute to subsequent viral dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Bustos-Arriaga
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Jazmín García-Machorro
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - A. René Méndez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología UMF de la FES Iztacala Universidad Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México Distrito Federal, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Costa SM, Yorio AP, Gonçalves AJS, Vidale MM, Costa ECB, Mohana-Borges R, Motta MA, Freire MS, Alves AMB. Induction of a protective response in mice by the dengue virus NS3 protein using DNA vaccines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25685. [PMID: 22031819 PMCID: PMC3198735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue non-structural 3 (NS3) is a multifunctional protein, containing a serino-protease domain, located at the N-terminal portion, and helicase, NTPase and RTPase domains present in the C-terminal region. This protein is considered the main target for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses during dengue infection, which may be involved in protection. However, few studies have been undertaken evaluating the use of this protein as a protective antigen against dengue, as well as other flavivirus. In the present work, we investigate the protective efficacy of DNA vaccines based on the NS3 protein from DENV2. Different recombinant plasmids were constructed, encoding either the full-length NS3 protein or only its functional domains (protease and helicase), fused or not to a signal peptide (t-PA). The recombinant proteins were successfully expressed in transfected BHK-21 cells, and only plasmids encoding the t-PA signal sequence mediated protein secretion. Balb/c mice were immunized with the different DNA vaccines and challenged with a lethal dose of DENV2. Most animals immunized with plasmids encoding the full-length NS3 or the helicase domain survived challenge, regardless of the presence of the t-PA. However, some mice presented clinical signs of infection with high morbidity (hind leg paralysis and hunched posture), mainly in animal groups immunized with the DNA vaccines based on the helicase domain. On the other hand, inoculation with plasmids encoding the protease domain did not induce any protection, since mortality and morbidity rates in these mouse groups were similar to those detected in the control animals. The cellular immune response was analyzed by ELISPOT with a specific-CD8+ T cell NS3 peptide. Results revealed that the DNA vaccines based on the full-length protein induced the production of INF-γ, thus suggesting the involvement of this branch of the immune system in the protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone M. Costa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Anna Paula Yorio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Antônio J. S. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Mariana M. Vidale
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Emmerson C. B. Costa
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcia A. Motta
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcos S. Freire
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ada M. B. Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Wu WL, Ho LJ, Chen PC, Tsai YT, Hsu ST, Chang DM, Lai JH. Immunosuppressive effects and mechanisms of leflunomide in dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:1065-78. [PMID: 21845515 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a serious public health issue without specific treatment. We examined the potential immunomodulatory effects of leflunomide, a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor commonly prescribed for arthritis, in DENV-stimulated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs). METHODS mo-DCs were prepared from purified monocytes. Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of cell surface markers or viral E protein was measured by flow cytometry. The activation of transcription factors and kinases was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western blotting, or immunoprecipitation kinase assays. Chemotaxis assays were used to determine cell migration. RESULTS Leflunomide at therapeutic concentrations inhibited cytokine and chemokine production from DENV-infected mo-DCs. Leflunomide suppressed mo-DC maturation by downregulating the expression of both CD80 and CD86. In addition, leflunomide inhibited DENV-induced mo-DC migration and mo-DC response to chemoattractants CCL19 and CCL21. Inhibition of mo-DC migration was likely due to the suppression of CCR7 expression on mo-DCs. These events were associated with the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein-1 signaling pathways by leflunomide. CONCLUSIONS Leflunomide preserves immunosuppressive effects, inhibiting activation of DENV-stimulated mo-DCs. Leflunomide may be helpful in the development of therapeutics for DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lin Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|