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Effect of Long-Term Farming Practices on Agricultural Soil Microbiome Members Represented by Metagenomically Assembled Genomes (MAGs) and Their Predicted Plant-Beneficial Genes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060424. [PMID: 31163637 PMCID: PMC6627896 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To follow the hypothesis that agricultural management practices affect structure and function of the soil microbiome regarding soil health and plant-beneficial traits, high-throughput (HT) metagenome analyses were performed on Chernozem soil samples from a long-term field experiment designated LTE-1 carried out at Bernburg-Strenzfeld (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). Metagenomic DNA was extracted from soil samples representing the following treatments: (i) plough tillage with standard nitrogen fertilization and use of fungicides and growth regulators, (ii) plough tillage with reduced nitrogen fertilization (50%), (iii) cultivator tillage with standard nitrogen fertilization and use of fungicides and growth regulators, and (iv) cultivator tillage with reduced nitrogen fertilization (50%). Bulk soil (BS), as well as root-affected soil (RS), were considered for all treatments in replicates. HT-sequencing of metagenomic DNA yielded approx. 100 Giga bases (Gb) of sequence information. Taxonomic profiling of soil communities revealed the presence of 70 phyla, whereby Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi feature abundances of more than 1%. Functional microbiome profiling uncovered, i.a., numerous potential plant-beneficial, plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol traits predicted to be involved in nutrient provision, phytohormone synthesis, antagonism against pathogens and signal molecule synthesis relevant in microbe–plant interaction. Neither taxonomic nor functional microbiome profiling based on single-read analyses revealed pronounced differences regarding the farming practices applied. Soil metagenome sequences were assembled and taxonomically binned. The ten most reliable and abundant Metagenomically Assembled Genomes (MAGs) were taxonomically classified and metabolically reconstructed. Importance of the phylum Thaumarchaeota for the analyzed microbiome is corroborated by the fact that the four corresponding MAGs were predicted to oxidize ammonia (nitrification), thus contributing to the cycling of nitrogen, and in addition are most probably able to fix carbon dioxide. Moreover, Thaumarchaeota and several bacterial MAGs also possess genes with predicted functions in plant–growth–promotion. Abundances of certain MAGs (species resolution level) responded to the tillage practice, whereas the factors compartment (BS vs. RS) and nitrogen fertilization only marginally shaped MAG abundance profiles. Hence, soil management regimes promoting plant-beneficial microbiome members are very likely advantageous for the respective agrosystem, its health and carbon sequestration and accordingly may enhance plant productivity. Since Chernozem soils are highly fertile, corresponding microbiome data represent a valuable reference resource for agronomy in general.
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102
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Abouelhassan Y, Garrison AT, Yang H, Chávez-Riveros A, Burch GM, Huigens RW. Recent Progress in Natural-Product-Inspired Programs Aimed To Address Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7618-7642. [PMID: 30951303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria utilize multiple mechanisms that enable them to gain or acquire resistance to antibiotic therapies during the treatment of infections. In addition, bacteria form biofilms which are surface-attached communities of enriched populations containing persister cells encased within a protective extracellular matrix of biomolecules, leading to chronic and recurring antibiotic-tolerant infections. Antibiotic resistance and tolerance are major global problems that require innovative therapeutic strategies to address the challenges associated with pathogenic bacteria. Historically, natural products have played a critical role in bringing new therapies to the clinic to treat life-threatening bacterial infections. This Perspective provides an overview of antibiotic resistance and tolerance and highlights recent advances (chemistry, biology, drug discovery, and development) from various research programs involved in the discovery of new antibacterial agents inspired by a diverse series of natural product antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Aaron T Garrison
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Alejandra Chávez-Riveros
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Gena M Burch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Robert W Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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103
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Xiao Y, Wu X, Wang H, Sun S, Yu JT, Cheng J. Rhodium-Catalyzed Reaction of Azobenzenes and Nitrosoarenes toward Phenazines. Org Lett 2019; 21:2565-2568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Hepan Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Song Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
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104
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Shi YM, Brachmann AO, Westphalen MA, Neubacher N, Tobias NJ, Bode HB. Dual phenazine gene clusters enable diversification during biosynthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:331-339. [PMID: 30886436 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) bridging genotype and phenotype continuously evolve through gene mutations and recombinations to generate chemical diversity. Phenazine BGCs are widespread in bacteria, and the biosynthetic mechanisms of the formation of the phenazine structural core have been illuminated in the last decade. However, little is known about the complex phenazine core-modification machinery. Here, we report the diversity-oriented modifications of the phenazine core through two distinct BGCs in the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus szentirmaii, which lives in symbiosis with nematodes. A previously unidentified aldehyde intermediate, which can be modified by multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions, is a common intermediate bridging the pathways encoded by these BGCs. Evaluation of the antibiotic activity of the resulting phenazine derivatives suggests a highly effective strategy to convert Gram-positive specific phenazines into broad-spectrum antibiotics, which might help the bacteria-nematode complex to maintain its special environmental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Shi
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander O Brachmann
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margaretha A Westphalen
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nick Neubacher
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Tobias
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helge B Bode
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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105
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Bedoya J, Dealis M, Silva C, Niekawa E, Navarro M, Simionato A, Modolon F, Chryssafidis A, Andrade G. Enhanced production of target bioactive metabolites produced by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa LV strain. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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106
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Sha'arani S, Hara H, Araie H, Suzuki I, Mohd Noor MJM, Akhir FNMD, Othman N, Zakaria Z. Whole gene transcriptomic analysis of PCB/biphenyl degrading Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:173-179. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shazwana Sha'arani
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Hirofumi Hara
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi
| | - Hiroya Araie
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Iwane Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Fazrena Nadia MD Akhir
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Nor'azizi Othman
- Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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107
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Bedoya J, Dealis M, Silva C, Niekawa E, Navarro M, Simionato A, Modolon F, Chryssafidis A, Andrade G. Enhanced production of target bioactive metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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108
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Kenawy A, Dailin DJ, Abo-Zaid GA, Malek RA, Ambehabati KK, Zakaria KHN, Sayyed RZ, El Enshasy HA. Biosynthesis of Antibiotics by PGPR and Their Roles in Biocontrol of Plant Diseases. PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE STRESS MANAGEMENT 2019:1-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6986-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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109
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Cross-species interference of gene expression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5019. [PMID: 30479328 PMCID: PMC6258686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes can contribute to protection of animals and plants against diseases. A recent study reveals a mechanism by which a bacterium controls fungal infection in wheat, involving secretion of a metabolite that affects histone acetyltransferase activity of a plant pathogenic fungus.
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110
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Zhu X, Yu L, Zhang M, Xu Z, Yao Z, Wu Q, Du X, Li J. Design, synthesis and biological activity of hydroxybenzoic acid ester conjugates of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:111. [PMID: 30386935 PMCID: PMC6768031 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared 16 novel hydroxybenzoic acid ester conjugates of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and investigated their biological activity. Most of the synthesized conjugates displayed some level of fungicidal activities in vitro against five phytopathogenic fungi. Nine conjugates 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5h, 5i, 5m, 5n and 5o (EC50 between 3.2 μg/mL and 14.1 μg/mL) were more active than PCA (EC50 18.6 μg/mL) against Rhizoctonia solani. Especially conjugate 5c showed the higher fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani which is 6.5-fold than PCA. And the results of the bioassay indicated that the fungicidal activity of conjugates was associated with their LogP, and the optimal LogP values of the more potent fungicidal activities within these conjugates ranged from 4.42 to 5.08. The systemic acquired resistance induced by PCA-SA ester conjugate 5c against rice sheath blight disease in rice seedlings was evaluated. The results revealed that PCA-SA ester conjugate 5c retained the resistance induction activity of SA against rice sheath blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Linhua Yu
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Zongli Yao
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Qinglai Wu
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Xiaoying Du
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| | - Junkai Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025 China
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111
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Biessy A, Filion M. Phenazines in plant-beneficialPseudomonasspp.: biosynthesis, regulation, function and genomics. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3905-3917. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Biessy
- Department of Biology; Université de Moncton; Moncton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- Department of Biology; Université de Moncton; Moncton New Brunswick Canada
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112
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Li JS, Barber CC, Zhang W. Natural products from anaerobes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 46:375-383. [PMID: 30284140 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural product discovery in the microbial world has historically been biased toward aerobes. Recent in silico analysis demonstrates that genomes of anaerobes encode unexpected biosynthetic potential for natural products, however, chemical data on natural products from the anaerobic world are extremely limited. Here, we review the current body of work on natural products isolated from strictly anaerobic microbes, including recent genome mining efforts to discover polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides from anaerobes. These known natural products of anaerobes have demonstrated interesting molecular scaffolds, biosynthetic logic, and/or biological activities, making anaerobes a promising reservoir for future natural product discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colin Charles Barber
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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113
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Verma K, Tailor YK, Khandelwal S, Agarwal M, Rushell E, Kumari Y, Awasthi K, Kumar M. An efficient and environmentally sustainable domino protocol for the synthesis of structurally diverse spiroannulated pyrimidophenazines using erbium doped TiO 2 nanoparticles as a recyclable and reusable heterogeneous acid catalyst. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30430-30440. [PMID: 35546857 PMCID: PMC9085390 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally sustainable domino protocol has been presented for the synthesis of structurally diverse spiroannulated pyrimidophenazines involving a four component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, benzene-1,2-diamine, cyclic ketones and amino derivatives in the presence of erbium doped TiO2 nanoparticles as a recyclable and reusable heterogeneous acid catalyst. The present synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions with operational simplicity, excellent yield with high purity, short reaction time and high atom economy with the use of a recoverable and reusable environmentally sustainable heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | | | | | - Monu Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Esha Rushell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Yogita Kumari
- Soft Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India
| | - Kamlendra Awasthi
- Soft Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India
| | - Mahendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
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114
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Sheng J, He R, Xue J, Wu C, Qiao J, Chen C. Cu-Catalyzed π-Core Evolution of Benzoxadiazoles with Diaryliodonium Salts for Regioselective Synthesis of Phenazine Scaffolds. Org Lett 2018; 20:4458-4461. [PMID: 30040430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of phenazine N-oxides was realized from benzoxadiazoles and diaryliodonium salts. The process was initiated by the electrophilic arylation of benzoxadiazoles with diaryliodonium salts and followed by benzocyclization reactions. The further reduction of N-oxides in situ to phenazine scaffolds and deviation to organic fluorescent materials were readily accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) & Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ru He
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) & Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) & Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) & Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) & Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) & Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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115
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Viault G, Helesbeux JJ, Richomme P, Séraphin D. Concise semisynthesis of novel phenazine-vitamin E hybrids via regioselective tocopheryl ortho -quinone formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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116
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Shahid I, Malik KA, Mehnaz S. A decade of understanding secondary metabolism in Pseudomonas spp. for sustainable agriculture and pharmaceutical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42398-018-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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117
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Nguyen TB, Retailleau P. Sulfur-Promoted Aminative Aromatization of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrophenazines with Amines: Flexible Access to 1-Aminophenazines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1, avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1, avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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118
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Greunke C, Duell ER, D’Agostino PM, Glöckle A, Lamm K, Gulder TAM. Direct Pathway Cloning (DiPaC) to unlock natural product biosynthetic potential. Metab Eng 2018; 47:334-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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119
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Prandina A, Herfindal L, Radix S, Rongved P, Døskeland SO, Le Borgne M, Perret F. Enhancement of iodinin solubility by encapsulation into cyclodextrin nanoparticles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:370-375. [PMID: 29336193 PMCID: PMC6009883 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1421638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenazine is known to regroup planar nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. It was used here to enhance the bioavailability of the biologically important compound iodinin, which is near insoluble in aqueous solutions. Its water solubility has led to the development of new formulations using diverse amphiphilic α-cyclodextrins (CDs). With the per-[6-desoxy-6-(3-perfluorohexylpropanethio)-2,3-di-O-methyl]-α-CD, we succeeded to get iodinin-loaded nanoformulations with good parameters such as a size of 97.9 nm, 62% encapsulation efficiency and efficient control release. The study presents an interesting alternative to optimizing the water solubility of iodinin by chemical modifications of iodinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Prandina
- a Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7 , Lyon Cedex , France.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Lars Herfindal
- c Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Sylvie Radix
- a Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7 , Lyon Cedex , France
| | - Pål Rongved
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Stein O Døskeland
- d Department of Biomedicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- a Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7 , Lyon Cedex , France
| | - Florent Perret
- e Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 CNRS - CPE Lyon - INSA , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
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120
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Hirakawa K, Murata A. Photosensitized oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by diethoxyphosphorus(V)tetraphenylporphyrin and its fluorinated derivative: Possibility of chain reaction. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:640-646. [PMID: 28783606 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble porphyrins, diethoxyphosphorus(V)tetraphenylporphyrin (EtP(V)TPP) and its fluorinated analogue (FEtP(V)TPP), decreased the typical absorption around 340nm of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) under visible light irradiation, indicating oxidative decomposition. A singlet oxygen quencher, sodium azide, and a triplet quencher, potassium iodide, slightly inhibited photosensitized NADH oxidation. However, these inhibitory effects were very small. Furthermore, the fluorescence lifetime of these P(V)porphyrins was decreased by NADH, suggesting the contribution of electron transfer to the singlet excited (S1) state of P(V)porphyrin. The redox potential measurement supports the electron transfer-mediated oxidation of NADH. The quantum yields of NADH photodecomposition by P(V)porphyrins could be estimated from the kinetic data and the effect of these quenchers on NADH oxidation. The obtained values suggest that the electron accepting by the S1 states of P(V)porphyrins triggers a chain reaction of NADH oxidation. This photosensitized reaction may play an important role in the photocytotoxicity of P(V)porphyrins. The axial ligand fluorination of P(V)porphyrins improved electron accepting ability. However, fluorination slightly suppressed static interaction with NADH, resulting in decreased oxidation quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hirakawa
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan; Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Murata
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
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121
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Sousa AC, Conceição Oliveira M, Martins LO, Robalo MP. A Sustainable Synthesis of Asymmetric Phenazines and Phenoxazinones Mediated by CotA-Laccase. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Sousa
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa; Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Av da República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - M. Paula Robalo
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa; Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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122
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Guttenberger N, Schlatzer T, Leypold M, Tassoti S, Breinbauer R. Synthesis of novel ligands targeting phenazine biosynthesis proteins as a strategy for antibiotic intervention. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017; 149:847-856. [PMID: 29681660 PMCID: PMC5906492 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this contribution, we report synthetic strategies towards potential ligands for the study of binding differences between PhzE, the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of phenazines, and the related enzyme anthranilate synthase. The ligands were designed with the overriding goal to develop new antibiotics via downregulation of phenazine biosynthesis. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00706-017-2100-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Schlatzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Mario Leypold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Tassoti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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123
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Dornisch E, Pletz J, Glabonjat RA, Martin F, Lembacher‐Fadum C, Neger M, Högenauer C, Francesconi K, Kroutil W, Zangger K, Breinbauer R, Zechner EL. Biosynthesis of the Enterotoxic Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Natural Product Tilivalline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14753-14757. [PMID: 28977734 PMCID: PMC5698749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The nonribosomal enterotoxin tilivalline was the first naturally occurring pyrrolobenzodiazepine to be linked to disease in the human intestine. Since the producing organism Klebsiella oxytoca is part of the intestinal microbiota and the pyrrolobenzodiazepine causes the pathogenesis of colitis it is important to understand the biosynthesis and regulation of tilivalline activity. Here we report the biosynthesis of tilivalline and show that this nonribosomal peptide assembly pathway initially generates tilimycin, a simple pyrrolobenzodiazepine with cytotoxic properties. Tilivalline results from the non-enzymatic spontaneous reaction of tilimycin with biogenetically generated indole. Through a chemical total synthesis of tilimycin we could corroborate the predictions made about the biosynthesis. Production of two cytotoxic pyrrolobenzodiazepines with distinct functionalities by human gut resident Klebsiella oxytoca has important implications for intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dornisch
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GrazHumboldtstrasse 50/I8010GrazAustria
| | - Jakob Pletz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 18010GrazAustria
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 18010GrazAustria
| | - Florian Martin
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GrazHumboldtstrasse 50/I8010GrazAustria
| | | | - Margit Neger
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GrazHumboldtstrasse 50/I8010GrazAustria
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMedical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz 158036GrazAustria
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 18010GrazAustria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 18010GrazAustria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 18010GrazAustria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010GrazAustria
- BioTechMed-GrazAustria
| | - Ellen L. Zechner
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GrazHumboldtstrasse 50/I8010GrazAustria
- BioTechMed-GrazAustria
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124
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Krishnaiah M, de Almeida NR, Udumula V, Song Z, Chhonker YS, Abdelmoaty MM, do Nascimento VA, Murry DJ, Conda-Sheridan M. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and metabolic stability of phenazine derivatives as antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:936-947. [PMID: 29227933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant pathogens are a major cause of hospital- and community-associated bacterial infections in the United States and around the world. These infections are increasingly difficult to treat due to the development of antibiotic resistance and the formation of bacterial biofilms. In the paper, a series of phenazines were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, E. coli) bacteria. The compound 6,9-dichloro-N-(methylsulfonyl)phenazine-1-carboxamide (18c) proved to be the most active molecule (MIC = 16 μg/mL) against MRSA whereas 9-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)phenazine-1-carboxamide (30e) showed good activity against both MRSA (MIC = 32 μg/mL) and E. coli (MIC = 32 μg/mL). Molecule 18c also demonstrated significant biofilm dispersion and inhibition against S. aureus. Preliminary studies indicate the molecules do not disturb bacterial membranes and there activity is not directly linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Compound 18c displayed minor toxicity against mammalian cells. Metabolic stability studies of the most promising compounds indicate stability towards phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddeboina Krishnaiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nathalia Rodrigues de Almeida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Venkatareddy Udumula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashpal Singh Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mai M Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Valter Aragao do Nascimento
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070900, Brazil
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Martin Conda-Sheridan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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125
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Dornisch E, Pletz J, Glabonjat RA, Martin F, Lembacher-Fadum C, Neger M, Högenauer C, Francesconi K, Kroutil W, Zangger K, Breinbauer R, Zechner EL. Biosynthese des enterotoxischen Pyrrolobenzodiazepin-Naturstoffs Tilivallin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dornisch
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Humboldtstrasse 50/I 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Jakob Pletz
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
- Institut für Chemie; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institut für Chemie; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Florian Martin
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Humboldtstrasse 50/I 8010 Graz Österreich
| | | | - Margit Neger
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Humboldtstrasse 50/I 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Christoph Högenauer
- Klinische Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin; Medizinische Universität Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 15 8036 Graz Österreich
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institut für Chemie; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institut für Chemie; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institut für Chemie; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 & Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
- BioTechMed-Graz; Österreich
| | - Ellen L. Zechner
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Humboldtstrasse 50/I 8010 Graz Österreich
- BioTechMed-Graz; Österreich
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Bilal M, Guo S, Iqbal HMN, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Engineering Pseudomonas for phenazine biosynthesis, regulation, and biotechnological applications: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:191. [PMID: 28975557 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas strains are increasingly attracting considerable attention as a valuable bacterial host both for basic and applied research. It has been considered as a promising candidate to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly phenazines. Apart from the biotechnological perspective, these aromatic compounds have the notable potential to inhibit plant-pathogenic fungi and thus are useful in controlling plant diseases. Nevertheless, phenazines production is quite low by the wild-type strains that necessitated its yield improvement for large-scale agricultural applications. Metabolic engineering approaches with the advent of plentiful information provided by systems-level genomic and transcriptomic analyses enabled the development of new biological agents functioning as potential cell factories for producing the desired level of value-added bioproducts. This study presents an up-to-date overview of recombinant Pseudomonas strains as the preferred choice of host organisms for the biosynthesis of natural phenazines. The biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism involved in the phenazine biosynthesis are comprehensively discussed. Finally, a summary of biological functionalities and biotechnological applications of the phenazines is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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127
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Guo S, Wang Y, Dai B, Wang W, Hu H, Huang X, Zhang X. PhzA, the shunt switch of phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7165-7175. [PMID: 28871340 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural phenazines are versatile secondary metabolites that are mainly produced by Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. All phenazine-type metabolites originate from two precursors: phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) in Pseudomonas or phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) in Streptomyces and other bacteria. Although the biosynthesis of PCA in Pseudomonas has been extensively studied, the origin of PDC still remains unclear. Comparing the phenazine biosynthesis operons of different species, we found that the phzA gene was restricted to Pseudomonas in which PCA is produced. By generating phzA-inactivated mutant, we found a new compound obviously accumulated; it was then isolated and identified as PDC. Protein sequence alignment showed that PhzA proteins from Pseudomonas form a separate group that is recognized by H73L and S77L mutations. Generating mutations of L73 into H73 and L77 into S77 resulted in a significant increase in PDC production. These findings suggest that phzA may act as a shunt switch of PDC biosynthesis in Pseudomonas and distinguish the pathway producing only PCA from the pathway forming PCA plus PDC. Using real-time PCR analysis, we suggested that the phzA, phzB, and phzG genes either directly or indirectly regulate the production of PDC, and phzA plays the most significant regulatory role. This is the first description of phzA in the biosynthesis of PDC, and the first-time substantial PDC was obtained in Pseudomonas. Therefore, this study not only provides valuable clues to better understand the biosynthesis of PCA and PDC in Pseudomonas but also introduces a method to produce PDC derivatives by genetically engineered strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bona Dai
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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128
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Mechanisms and Specificity of Phenazine Biosynthesis Protein PhzF. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6272. [PMID: 28740244 PMCID: PMC5524880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenazines are bacterial virulence and survival factors with important roles in infectious disease. PhzF catalyzes a key reaction in their biosynthesis by isomerizing (2 S,3 S)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy anthranilate (DHHA) in two steps, a [1,5]-hydrogen shift followed by tautomerization to an aminoketone. While the [1,5]-hydrogen shift requires the conserved glutamate E45, suggesting acid/base catalysis, it also shows hallmarks of a sigmatropic rearrangement, namely the suprafacial migration of a non-acidic proton. To discriminate these mechanistic alternatives, we employed enzyme kinetic measurements and computational methods. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations revealed that the activation barrier of a proton shuttle mechanism involving E45 is significantly lower than that of a sigmatropic [1,5]-hydrogen shift. QM/MM also predicted a large kinetic isotope effect, which was indeed observed with deuterated substrate. For the tautomerization, QM/MM calculations suggested involvement of E45 and an active site water molecule, explaining the observed stereochemistry. Because these findings imply that PhzF can act only on a limited substrate spectrum, we also investigated the turnover of DHHA derivatives, of which only O-methyl and O-ethyl DHHA were converted. Together, these data reveal how PhzF orchestrates a water-free with a water-dependent step. Its unique mechanism, specificity and essential role in phenazine biosynthesis may offer opportunities for inhibitor development.
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129
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Total synthesis and antileukemic evaluations of the phenazine 5,10-dioxide natural products iodinin, myxin and their derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2285-2293. [PMID: 28284865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new efficient total synthesis of the phenazine 5,10-dioxide natural products iodinin and myxin and new compounds derived from them was achieved in few steps, a key-step being 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine di-N-oxidation. Analogues prepared from iodinin, including myxin and 2-ethoxy-2-oxoethoxy derivatives, had fully retained cytotoxic effect against human cancer cells (MOLM-13 leukemia) at atmospheric and low oxygen level. Moreover, iodinin was for the first time shown to be hypoxia selective. The structure-activity relationship for leukemia cell death induction revealed that the level of N-oxide functionality was essential for cytotoxicity. It also revealed that only one of the two phenolic functions is required for activity, allowing the other one to be modified without loss of potency.
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