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Abstract
Nanomaterials are promising in the development of innovative therapeutic options that include tissue and organ replacement, as well as bone repair and regeneration. The expansion of new nanoscaled biomaterials is based on progress in the field of nanotechnologies, material sciences, and biomedicine. In recent decades, nanomaterial systems have bridged the line between the synthetic and natural worlds, leading to the emergence of a new science called nanomaterial design for biological applications. Nanomaterials replicating bone properties and providing unique functions help in bone tissue engineering. This review article is focused on nanomaterials utilized in or being explored for the purpose of bone repair and regeneration. After a brief overview of bone biology, including a description of bone cells, matrix, and development, nanostructured materials and different types of nanoparticles are discussed in detail.
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102
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Li X, Yang S, Yuan G, Jing D, Qin L, Zhao H, Yang S. Type II collagen-positive progenitors are important stem cells in controlling skeletal development and vascular formation. Bone Res 2022; 10:46. [PMID: 35739091 PMCID: PMC9226163 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II collagen-positive (Col2+) cells have been reported as skeletal stem cells (SSCs), but the contribution of Col2+ progenitors to skeletal development both prenatally and postnatally during aging remains unclear. To address this question, we generated new mouse models with ablation of Col2+ cells at either the embryonic or postnatal stages. The embryonic ablation of Col2+ progenitors resulted in the death of newborn mice due to a decrease in skeletal blood vessels, loss of all vertebral bones and absence of most other bones except part of the craniofacial bone, the clavicle bone and a small piece of the long bone and ribs, which suggested that intramembranous ossification is involved in long bone development but does not participate in spine development. The postnatal ablation of Col2+ cells resulted in mouse growth retardation and a collagenopathy phenotype. Lineage tracing experiments with embryonic or postnatal mice revealed that Col2+ progenitors occurred predominantly in the growth plate (GP) and articular cartilage, but a limited number of Col2+ cells were detected in the bone marrow. Moreover, the number and differentiation ability of Col2+ progenitors in the long bone and knee joints decreased with increasing age. The fate-mapping study further revealed Col2+ lineage cells contributed to, in addition to osteoblasts and chondrocytes, CD31+ blood vessels in both the calvarial bone and long bone. Specifically, almost all blood vessels in calvarial bone and 25.4% of blood vessels in long bone were Col2+ lineage cells. However, during fracture healing, 95.5% of CD31+ blood vessels in long bone were Col2+ lineage cells. In vitro studies further confirmed that Col2+ progenitors from calvarial bone and GP could form CD31+ vascular lumens. Thus, this study provides the first demonstration that intramembranous ossification is involved in long bone and rib development but not spine development. Col2+ progenitors contribute to CD31+ skeletal blood vessel formation, but the percentage differs between long bone and skull bone. The number and differentiation ability of Col2+ progenitors decreases with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
- Department of Spinal Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gongsheng Yuan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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103
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Pathophysiology and Emerging Molecular Therapeutic Targets in Heterotopic Ossification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136983. [PMID: 35805978 PMCID: PMC9266941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term heterotopic ossification (HO) describes bone formation in tissues where bone is normally not present. Musculoskeletal trauma induces signalling events that in turn trigger cells, probably of mesenchymal origin, to differentiate into bone. The aetiology of HO includes extremely rare but severe, generalised and fatal monogenic forms of the disease; and as a common complex disorder in response to musculoskeletal, neurological or burn trauma. The resulting bone forms through a combination of endochondral and intramembranous ossification, depending on the aetiology, initiating stimulus and affected tissue. Given the heterogeneity of the disease, many cell types and biological pathways have been studied in efforts to find effective therapeutic strategies for the disorder. Cells of mesenchymal, haematopoietic and neuroectodermal lineages have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of HO, and the emerging dominant signalling pathways are thought to occur through the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and retinoic acid receptor pathways. Increased understanding of these disease mechanisms has resulted in the emergence of several novel investigational therapeutic avenues, including palovarotene and other retinoic acid receptor agonists and activin A inhibitors that target both canonical and non-canonical signalling downstream of the BMP type 1 receptor. In this article we aim to illustrate the key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HO and outline recent advances in emerging molecular therapies to treat and prevent HO that have had early success in the monogenic disease and are currently being explored in the common complex forms of HO.
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104
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Mutation of foxl1 Results in Reduced Cartilage Markers in a Zebrafish Model of Otosclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071107. [PMID: 35885890 PMCID: PMC9319681 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases such as otosclerosis (conductive hearing loss) and osteoporosis (low bone mineral density) can result from the abnormal expression of genes that regulate cartilage and bone development. The forkhead box transcription factor FOXL1 has been identified as the causative gene in a family with autosomal dominant otosclerosis and has been reported as a candidate gene in GWAS meta-analyses for osteoporosis. This potentially indicates a novel role for foxl1 in chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodelling. We created a foxl1 mutant zebrafish strain as a model for otosclerosis and osteoporosis and examined jaw bones that are homologous to the mammalian middle ear bones, and mineralization of the axial skeleton. We demonstrate that foxl1 regulates the expression of collagen genes such as collagen type 1 alpha 1a and collagen type 11 alpha 2, and results in a delay in jawbone mineralization, while the axial skeleton remains unchanged. foxl1 may also act with other forkhead genes such as foxc1a, as loss of foxl1 in a foxc1a mutant background increases the severity of jaw calcification phenotypes when compared to each mutant alone. Our zebrafish model demonstrates atypical cartilage formation and mineralization in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton in foxl1 mutants and demonstrates that aberrant collagen expression may underlie the development of otosclerosis.
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105
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Campbell TM, Dilworth FJ, Allan DS, Trudel G. The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:866148. [PMID: 35711627 PMCID: PMC9196866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage injury and degeneration are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease. OA is a major contributor to pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. Over the last decade, considerable research efforts have focused on cell-based therapies, including several stem cell-derived approaches to reverse the cartilage alterations associated with OA. Although several tissue sources for deriving cell-based therapies have been identified, none of the resident stem cell populations have adequately fulfilled the promise of curing OA. Indeed, many cell products do not contain true stem cells. As well, issues with aggressive marketing efforts, combined with a lack of evidence regarding efficacy, lead the several national regulatory bodies to discontinue the use of stem cell therapy for OA until more robust evidence becomes available. A review of the evidence is timely to address the status of cell-based cartilage regeneration. The promise of stem cell therapy is not new and has been used successfully to treat non-arthritic diseases, such as hematopoietic and muscle disorders. These fields of regenerative therapy have the advantage of a considerable foundation of knowledge in the area of stem cell repair mechanisms, the role of the stem cell niche, and niche-supporting cells. This foundation is lacking in the field of cartilage repair. So, where should we look for the ideal stem cell to regenerate cartilage? It has recently been discovered that cartilage itself may contain a population of SC-like progenitors. Other potential tissues include stem cell-rich dental pulp and the adolescent growth plate, the latter of which contains chondrocyte progenitors essential for producing the cartilage scaffold needed for bone growth. In this article, we review the progress on stem cell therapies for arthritic disorders, focusing on the various stem cell populations previously used for cartilage regeneration, successful cases of stem cell therapies in muscle and hemopoietic disorders, some of the reasons why these other fields have been successful (i.e., “lessons learned” to be applied to OA stem cell therapy), and finally, novel potential sources of stem cells for regenerating damaged cartilage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mark Campbell
- Elisabeth Bruyère Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Trudel
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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106
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Gomez-Picos P, Ovens K, Eames BF. Limb Mesoderm and Head Ectomesenchyme Both Express a Core Transcriptional Program During Chondrocyte Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876825. [PMID: 35784462 PMCID: PMC9247276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explain how cartilage appeared in different parts of the vertebrate body at discrete times during evolution, we hypothesize that different embryonic populations co-opted expression of a core gene regulatory network (GRN) driving chondrocyte differentiation. To test this hypothesis, laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA-seq was used to reveal chondrocyte transcriptomes in the developing chick humerus and ceratobranchial, which are mesoderm- and neural crest-derived, respectively. During endochondral ossification, two general types of chondrocytes differentiate. Immature chondrocytes (IMM) represent the early stages of cartilage differentiation, while mature chondrocytes (MAT) undergo additional stages of differentiation, including hypertrophy and stimulating matrix mineralization and degradation. Venn diagram analyses generally revealed a high degree of conservation between chondrocyte transcriptomes of the limb and head, including SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN expression. Typical maturation genes, such as COL10A1, IBSP, and SPP1, were upregulated in MAT compared to IMM in both limb and head chondrocytes. Gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses of limb and head chondrocyte transcriptomes estimated the core GRN governing cartilage differentiation. Two discrete portions of the GCN contained genes that were differentially expressed in limb or head chondrocytes, but these genes were enriched for biological processes related to limb/forelimb morphogenesis or neural crest-dependent processes, respectively, perhaps simply reflecting the embryonic origin of the cells. A core GRN driving cartilage differentiation in limb and head was revealed that included typical chondrocyte differentiation and maturation markers, as well as putative novel “chondrocyte” genes. Conservation of a core transcriptional program during chondrocyte differentiation in both the limb and head suggest that the same core GRN was co-opted when cartilage appeared in different regions of the skeleton during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy Gomez-Picos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: B. Frank Eames,
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107
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Dzamukova M, Brunner TM, Miotla-Zarebska J, Heinrich F, Brylka L, Mashreghi MF, Kusumbe A, Kühn R, Schinke T, Vincent TL, Löhning M. Mechanical forces couple bone matrix mineralization with inhibition of angiogenesis to limit adolescent bone growth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3059. [PMID: 35650194 PMCID: PMC9160028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone growth requires a specialised, highly angiogenic blood vessel subtype, so-called type H vessels, which pave the way for osteoblasts surrounding these vessels. At the end of adolescence, type H vessels differentiate into quiescent type L endothelium lacking the capacity to promote bone growth. Until now, the signals that switch off type H vessel identity and thus limit adolescent bone growth have remained ill defined. Here we show that mechanical forces, associated with increased body weight at the end of adolescence, trigger the mechanoreceptor PIEZO1 and thereby mediate enhanced production of the kinase FAM20C in osteoblasts. FAM20C, the major kinase of the secreted phosphoproteome, phosphorylates dentin matrix protein 1, previously identified as a key factor in bone mineralization. Thereupon, dentin matrix protein 1 is secreted from osteoblasts in a burst-like manner. Extracellular dentin matrix protein 1 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signalling by preventing phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Hence, secreted dentin matrix protein 1 transforms type H vessels into type L to limit bone growth activity and enhance bone mineralization. The discovered mechanism may suggest new options for the treatment of diseases characterised by aberrant activity of bone and vessels such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dzamukova
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Brunner
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Regine von Ramin Lab Molecular Rheumatology, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Brylka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Regine von Ramin Lab Molecular Rheumatology, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anjali Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumour Microenvironments Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Max Löhning
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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108
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Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang R, He R, Lei T, Misra RDK, Nie H, Ma C, Lin N, Wang Z. Effects of integrated bioceramic and uniaxial drawing on mechanically-enhanced fibrogenesis for bionic periosteum engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112459. [PMID: 35334312 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periosteum is clinically required for the management of large bone defects. Attempts to exploit the periosteum's participation in bone healing, however, have rarely featured biological and mechanical complexity for the scaffolds relevant to translational medicine. In this regard, we report engineering of bioinspired periosteum with co-delivery of ionic and geometry cues. The scaffold demonstrated microsheet-like fibre morphology and was developed based on bioresorbable poly(-caprolactone) and bioactive copper-doped tricalcium phosphate (Cu-TCP). A coordinated interaction was found between the effects of Cu-TCP addition and uniaxial drawing, leading to tunable fibrogenesis for different fibre morphologies, organisation, and surface wettability. The coordination resulted in significant enhancements in Young's Modulus, yield stress and ultimate stress along fibrous alignment, without causing reductions across fibres. This demonstrated mechanical anisotropy of the scaffold similar to natural periosteum, and seeding with mouse calvarial preosteoblasts, the scaffold supported cell alignment with deposition of CaP-like nodules and extracellular matrix. This work provides new insights on periosteum engineering with osteo-related composite fibres. The artificial periosteum can be used in clinical settings to facilitate repair of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410072, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.
| | - Ronghan He
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - R D K Misra
- Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500W University, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Hemin Nie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410072, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410072, P.R. China
| | - Nan Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410072, P.R. China
| | - Zuyong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410072, P.R. China.
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109
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Jiang X, Xue Y, Mustafa M, Xing Z. An updated review of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid- and docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvins on bone preservation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106630. [PMID: 35263670 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins are biosynthesized from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vivo by means of enzymatic activities, and these factors can attenuate inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. Inflammatory bone disorders can lead to bone loss and thereby be harmful to human health. The link between bone preservation and resolvins has been discussed in some experimental studies. Significant evidence has shown that resolvins benefit bone health and bone preservation by promoting the resolution of inflammation and directly regulating osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Therefore, this review highlights the role and beneficial impact of resolvins derived from EPA and DHA on inflammatory bone disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. In addition, the mechanisms by which resolvins exert their beneficial effects on bone preservation have also been summarized based on the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Manal Mustafa
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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110
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He WZ, Yang M, Jiang Y, He C, Sun YC, Liu L, Huang M, Jiao YR, Chen KX, Hou J, Huang M, Xu YL, Feng X, Liu Y, Guo Q, Peng H, Huang Y, Su T, Xiao Y, Li Y, Zeng C, Lei G, Luo XH, Li CJ. miR-188-3p targets skeletal endothelium coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during ageing. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:494. [PMID: 35610206 PMCID: PMC9130327 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A specific bone capillary subtype, namely type H vessels, with high expression of CD31 and endomucin, was shown to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis recently. The number of type H vessels in bone tissue declines with age, and the underlying mechanism for this reduction is unclear. Here, we report that microRNA-188-3p (miR-188-3p) involves this process. miRNA-188-3p expression is upregulated in skeletal endothelium and negatively regulates the formation of type H vessels during ageing. Mice with depletion of miR-188 showed an alleviated age-related decline in type H vessels. In contrast, endothelial-specific overexpression of miR-188-3p reduced the number of type H vessels, leading to decreased bone mass and delayed bone regeneration. Mechanistically, we found that miR-188 inhibits type H vessel formation by directly targeting integrin β3 in endothelial cells. Our findings indicate that miR-188-3p is a key regulator of type H vessel formation and may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing bone loss and accelerating bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Rui Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Li Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Yang Z, Yi P, Liu Z, Zhang W, Mei L, Feng C, Tu C, Li Z. Stem Cell-Laden Hydrogel-Based 3D Bioprinting for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865770. [PMID: 35656197 PMCID: PMC9152119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have revealed the potential of fabricating biomaterials to solve the dilemma of bone and articular defects by promoting osteochondral and cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative fabrication technology to precisely distribute the cell-laden bioink for the construction of artificial tissues, demonstrating great prospect in bone and joint construction areas. With well controllable printability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties, hydrogels have been emerging as an attractive 3D bioprinting material, which provides a favorable biomimetic microenvironment for cell adhesion, orientation, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Stem cell-based therapy has been known as a promising approach in regenerative medicine; however, limitations arise from the uncontrollable proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the stem cells and fortunately could be improved after stem cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel. In this review, our focus was centered on the characterization and application of stem cell-laden hydrogel-based 3D bioprinting for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. We not only highlighted the effect of various kinds of hydrogels, stem cells, inorganic particles, and growth factors on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis but also outlined the relationship between biophysical properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoinductivity, and the regeneration of bone and cartilage. This study was invented to discuss the challenge we have been encountering, the recent progress we have achieved, and the future perspective we have proposed for in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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112
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Lee B, De Beritto T. Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e311-e318. [PMID: 35490181 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-5-e311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Theodore De Beritto
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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113
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Yahara Y, Nguyen T, Ishikawa K, Kamei K, Alman BA. The origins and roles of osteoclasts in bone development, homeostasis and repair. Development 2022; 149:275249. [PMID: 35502779 PMCID: PMC9124578 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying bone development, repair and regeneration are reliant on the interplay and communication between osteoclasts and other surrounding cells. Osteoclasts are multinucleated monocyte lineage cells with resorptive abilities, forming the bone marrow cavity during development. This marrow cavity, essential to hematopoiesis and osteoclast-osteoblast interactions, provides a setting to investigate the origin of osteoclasts and their multi-faceted roles. This Review examines recent developments in the embryonic understanding of osteoclast origin, as well as interactions within the immune environment to regulate normal and pathological bone development, homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Yahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tuyet Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Koji Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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114
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Keller C, Yorgan TA, Rading S, Schinke T, Karsak M. Impact of the Endocannabinoid System on Bone Formation and Remodeling in p62 KO Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858215. [PMID: 35392569 PMCID: PMC8980328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptor CB2 and its interaction partner p62 are molecularly involved in bone remodeling processes. Pharmacological activation of the CB2 receptor enhanced bone volume in postmenopausal osteoporosis and arthritis models in rodents, whereas knockout or mutation of the p62 protein in aged mice led to Paget’s disease of bone-like conditions. Studies of pharmacological CB2 agonist effects on bone metabolism in p62 KO mice have not been performed to date. Here, we assessed the effect of the CB2-specific agonist JWH133 after a short-term (5 days in 3-month-old mice) or long-term (4 weeks in 6-month-old mice) treatment on structural, dynamic, and cellular bone morphometry obtained by μCT of the femur and histomorphometry of the vertebral bodies in p62 KO mice and their WT littermates in vivo. A genotype-independent stimulatory effect of CB2 on bone formation, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness after short-term treatment and on tissue mineral density after long-term treatment was detected, indicating a weak osteoanabolic function of this CB2 agonist. Moreover, after short-term systemic CB2 receptor activation, we found significant differences at the cellular level in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts only in p62 KO mice, together with a weak increase in trabecular number and a decrease in trabecular separation. Long-term treatment showed an opposite JWH133 effect on osteoclasts in WT versus p62 KO animals and decreased cortical thickness only in treated p62 KO mice. Our results provide new insights into CB2 receptor signaling in vivo and suggest that CB2 agonist activity may be regulated by the presence of its macromolecular binding partner p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Keller
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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115
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Hossain Parash MT, Rahman MM, Naushaba H, Haque S, Shimmi SC. Simple linear regression approach for evaluating models to estimate stature based on upper limb dimensions of adult Bangladeshi males. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-022-00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The stature of a living human reflects the nutritional, genetic, and disease patterns of individual experiences. This study adopted a simple linear regression method and R2 values to identify the preferred model for stature estimation based on the lengths of the arm, radius, ulna, and hand; breadth of the hand; and circumference of the wrist of the adult Bangladeshi male population. This cross-sectional study was performed in the Anatomy Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2009 to June 2011. One hundred right-handed adult Muslim Bangladeshi males aged 25 to 45 years participated in the study.
Results
The regression model using right and left ulnar length explained 63% of the measured stature with the least standard error of the estimate (0.435 and 0.436), the model using left and right arm length explained 60%, the model using left and right radius length explained 51%, and the model using left- and right-hand length explained 44% of the measured stature. However, the models using left and right handbreadth and wrist circumference explained only 11 to 13% of the measured stature with a higher standard error of the estimate (6.66 to 6.73). For 25- to 45-year-old Bangladeshi Muslim males, the ulnar length of both sides was the best predictor of stature.
Conclusions
Linear regression equations in estimating stature effectively may encourage its application in future studies addressing different age groups, sexes, nutritional statuses, religions, and ethnicities of Bangladesh.
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116
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Guo Z, Li Y, Chen M, Gu Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Tang P. Semaphorin3A regulates mitochondrial apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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117
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Wang Y, Weremiejczyk L, Strzelecka‐Kiliszek A, Maniti O, Amabile Veschi E, Bolean M, Ramos AP, Ben Trad L, Magne D, Bandorowicz‐Pikula J, Pikula S, Millán JL, Bottini M, Goekjian P, Ciancaglini P, Buchet R, Dou WT, Tian H, Mebarek S, He XP, Granjon T. Fluorescence evidence of annexin A6 translocation across membrane in model matrix vesicles during apatite formation. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e38. [PMID: 38939118 PMCID: PMC11080897 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Matrix vesicles (MVs) are 100-300 nm spherical structures released by mineralization competent cells to initiate formation of apatite, the mineral component in bones. Among proteins present in MVs, annexin A6 (AnxA6) is thought to be ubiquitously distributed in the MVs' lumen, on the surface of the internal and external leaflets of the membrane and also inserted in the lipid bilayer. To determine the molecular mechanism(s) that lead to the different locations of AnxA6, we hypothesized the occurrence of a pH drop during the mineralization. Such a change would induce the AnxA6 protonation, which in turn, and because of its isoelectric point of 5.41, would change the protein hydrophobicity facilitating its insertion into the MVs' bilayer. The various distributions of AnxA6 are likely to disturb membrane phospholipid organization. To examine this possibility, we used fluorescein as pH reporter, and established that pH decreased inside MVs during apatite formation. Then, 4-(14-phenyldibenzo[a,c]phenazin-9(14H)-yl)-phenol, a vibration-induced emission fluorescent probe, was used as a reporter of changes in membrane organization occurring with the varying mode of AnxA6 binding. Proteoliposomes containing AnxA6 and 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine (DMPC) or 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine: 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (DMPC:DPPS 9:1), to mimic the external and internal MV membrane leaflet, respectively, served as biomimetic models to investigate the nature of AnxA6 binding. Addition of Anx6 to DMPC at pH 7.4 and 5.4, or DMPC:DPPS (9:1) at pH 7.4 induced a decrease in membrane fluidity, consistent with AnxA6 interactions with the bilayer surface. In contrast, AnxA6 addition to DMPC:DPPS (9:1) at pH 5.4 increased the fluidity of the membrane. This latest result was interpreted as reflecting the insertion of AnxA6 into the bilayer. Taken together, these findings point to a possible mechanism of AnxA6 translocation in MVs from the surface of the internal leaflet into the phospholipid bilayer stimulated upon acidification of the MVs' lumen during formation of apatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Univ LyonUCBLCNRSICBMS UMR 5246IMBLLyonFrance
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CentreEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Liliana Weremiejczyk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of LipidsNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | | | | | - Ekeveliny Amabile Veschi
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Mayte Bolean
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - David Magne
- Univ LyonUCBLCNRSICBMS UMR 5246IMBLLyonFrance
| | | | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of LipidsNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Jose Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - René Buchet
- Univ LyonUCBLCNRSICBMS UMR 5246IMBLLyonFrance
| | - Wei Tao Dou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CentreEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CentreEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | | | - Xiao P. He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CentreEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
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El Fersioui Y, Pinton G, Allaman-Pillet N, Schorderet DF. Premature Vertebral Mineralization in hmx1-Mutant Zebrafish. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071088. [PMID: 35406651 PMCID: PMC8997757 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
H6 family homeobox 1 (HMX1) regulates multiple aspects of craniofacial development, and mutations in HMX1 are linked to an ocular defect termed oculoauricular syndrome of Schorderet–Munier–Franceschetti (OAS) (MIM #612109). Recently, additional altered orofacial features have been reported, including short mandibular rami, asymmetry of the jaws, and altered premaxilla. We found that in two mutant zebrafish lines termed hmx1mut10 and hmx1mut150, precocious mineralization of the proximal vertebrae occurred. Zebrafish hmx1mut10 and hmx1mut150 report mutations in the SD1 and HD domains, which are essential for dimerization and activity of hmx1. In hmx1mut10, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists chordin and noggin1 were downregulated, while bmp2b and bmp4 were highly expressed and specifically localized to the dorsal region prior to the initiation of the osteogenic process. The osteogenic promoters runx2b and spp1 were also upregulated. Supplementation with DMH1—an inhibitor of the BMP signaling pathway—at the specific stage in which bmp2b and bmp4 are highly expressed resulted in reduced vertebral mineralization, resembling the wildtype mineralization progress of the axial skeleton. These results point to a possible role of hmx1 as part of a complex gene network that inhibits bmp2b and bmp4 in the dorsal region, thus regulating early axial skeleton development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes El Fersioui
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Unit of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Biology, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaëtan Pinton
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Nathalie Allaman-Pillet
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Daniel F. Schorderet
- IRO—Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, 1950 Sion, Switzerland; (G.P.); (N.A.-P.); (D.F.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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119
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Miyazaki Y, Ichimura A, Kitayama R, Okamoto N, Yasue T, Liu F, Kawabe T, Nagatomo H, Ueda Y, Yamauchi I, Hakata T, Nakao K, Kakizawa S, Nishi M, Mori Y, Akiyama H, Nakao K, Takeshima H. C-type natriuretic peptide facilitates autonomic Ca 2+ entry in growth plate chondrocytes for stimulating bone growth. eLife 2022; 11:71931. [PMID: 35287796 PMCID: PMC8923661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth plates are cartilage tissues found at both ends of developing bones, and vital proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes are primarily responsible for bone growth. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) stimulates bone growth by activating natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) which is equipped with guanylate cyclase on the cytoplasmic side, but its signaling pathway is unclear in growth plate chondrocytes. We previously reported that transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 (TRPM7) channels mediate intermissive Ca2+ influx in growth plate chondrocytes, leading to activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) for promoting bone growth. In this report, we provide evidence from experiments using mutant mice, indicating a functional link between CNP and TRPM7 channels. Our pharmacological data suggest that CNP-evoked NPR2 activation elevates cellular cGMP content and stimulates big-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ (BK) channels as a substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). BK channel-induced hyperpolarization likely enhances the driving force of TRPM7-mediated Ca2+ entry and seems to accordingly activate CaMKII. Indeed, ex vivo organ culture analysis indicates that CNP-facilitated bone growth is abolished by chondrocyte-specific Trpm7 gene ablation. The defined CNP signaling pathway, the NPR2-PKG-BK channel–TRPM7 channel–CaMKII axis, likely pinpoints promising target proteins for developing new therapeutic treatments for divergent growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuu Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yasue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Feng Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kawabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Ueda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takuro Hakata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Nakao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kakizawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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120
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Zakeri S, Aminian H, Sadeghi S, Esmaeilzadeh-Gharehdaghi E, Razmara E. Krüppel-like factors in bone biology. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110308. [PMID: 35301064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The krüppel-like factor (KLF) family is a group of zinc finger transcription factors and contributes to different cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. While different studies show the roles of this family in skeletal development-specifically in chondrocyte and osteocyte development and bone homeostasis-there are few reviews summarizing their importance. To fill this gap, this review discusses current knowledge on different functions of the KLF family during skeletal development, including their roles in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. To understand the importance of the KLF family, we also review genotype-phenotype correlations in different animal models. We also discuss how KLF proteins function through different signaling pathways and display their paramount importance in skeletal development. To highlight their roles in cartilage- or bone-related cells, we also use single-cell RNA sequencing publicly available data on mouse hindlimb. We also challenge our knowledge of how the KLF family is epigenetically regulated-e.g., using DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs-during chondrocyte and osteocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Zakeri
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hesam Aminian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kurdistan, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Shen L, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Pruett-Miller SM, Zhang GF, Karner CM. SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfil unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. eLife 2022; 11:76963. [PMID: 35261338 PMCID: PMC9007586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is associated with the acquisition of a unique protein signature which is essential to attain the ultimate cellular function and activity of the differentiated cell. This is predicted to result in unique biosynthetic demands that arise during differentiation. Using a bioinformatic approach, we discovered osteoblast differentiation is associated with increased demand for the amino acid proline. When compared to other differentiated cells, osteoblast-associated proteins including RUNX2, OSX, OCN and COL1A1 are significantly enriched in proline. Using a genetic and metabolomic approach, we demonstrate that the neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A2 acts cell autonomously to provide proline to facilitate the efficient synthesis of proline-rich osteoblast proteins. Genetic ablation of SLC38A2 in osteoblasts limits both osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in mice. Mechanistically, proline is primarily incorporated into nascent protein with little metabolism observed. Collectively, these data highlight a requirement for proline in fulfilling the unique biosynthetic requirements that arise during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yunji Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Cohn-Schwartz D, Schary Y, Yalon E, Krut Z, Da X, Schwarz EM, Gazit D, Pelled G, Gazit Z. PTH-Induced Bone Regeneration and Vascular Modulation Are Both Dependent on Endothelial Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050897. [PMID: 35269519 PMCID: PMC8909576 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a bone allograft presents a promising approach for healing nonunion fractures. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy induced allograft integration while modulating angiogenesis at the allograft proximity. Here, we hypothesize that PTH-induced vascular modulation and the osteogenic effect of PTH are both dependent on endothelial PTH receptor-1 (PTHR1) signaling. To evaluate our hypothesis, we used multiple transgenic mouse lines, and their wild-type counterparts as a control. In addition to endothelial-specific PTHR1 knock-out mice, we used mice in which PTHR1 was engineered to be constitutively active in collagen-1α+ osteoblasts, to assess the effect of PTH signaling activation exclusively in osteoprogenitors. To characterize resident cell recruitment and osteogenic activity, mice in which the Luciferase reporter gene is expressed under the Osteocalcin promoter (Oc-Luc) were used. Mice were implanted with calvarial allografts and treated with either PTH or PBS. A micro-computed tomography-based structural analysis indicated that the induction of bone formation by PTH, as observed in wild-type animals, was not maintained when PTHR1 was removed from endothelial cells. Furthermore, the induction of PTH signaling exclusively in osteoblasts resulted in significantly less bone formation compared to systemic PTH treatment, and significantly less osteogenic activity was measured by bioluminescence imaging of the Oc-Luc mice. Deletion of the endothelial PTHR1 significantly decreased the PTH-induced formation of narrow blood vessels, formerly demonstrated in wild-type mice. However, the exclusive activation of PTH signaling in osteoblasts was sufficient to re-establish the observed PTH effect. Collectively, our results show that endothelial PTHR1 signaling plays a key role in PTH-induced osteogenesis and has implications in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Cohn-Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Division of Internal Medicine, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.Y.); (D.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Yeshai Schary
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.Y.); (D.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Eran Yalon
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.Y.); (D.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Zoe Krut
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Da
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Dan Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.Y.); (D.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.Y.); (D.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.Y.); (D.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Correspondence:
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Long non-coding RNA HCAR promotes endochondral bone repair by upregulating VEGF and MMP13 in hypertrophic chondrocyte through sponging miR-15b-5p. Genes Dis 2022; 9:456-465. [PMID: 35224160 PMCID: PMC8843884 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation is an important route for bone repair. Although emerging evidence has revealed the functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in bone and cartilage development, the effect of lncRNAs in endochondral bone repair is still largely unknown. Here, we identified a lncRNA, named Hypertrophic Chondrocyte Angiogenesis-related lncRNA (HCAR), and proved it to promote the endochondral bone repair by upregulating the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (Mmp13) and vascular endothelial growth factor α (Vegfa) in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Lnc-HCAR knockdown in hypertrophic chondrocytes restrained the cartilage matrix remodeling and decrease the CD31hiEmcnhi vessels number in a bone repair model. Mechanistically, we proved that lnc-HCAR was mainly enriched in the cytoplasm using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, and it acted as a molecular sponge for miR-15b-5p. Further, in hypertrophic chondrocytes, lnc-HCAR competitively bound to miR-15b-5p to increase Vegfa and Mmp13 expression. Our results proved that lncRNA is deeply involved in endochondral bone repair, which will provide a new theoretical basis for future strategies for promoting fracture healing.
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124
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Rajpar I, Tomlinson RE. Function of peripheral nerves in the development and healing of tendon and bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:48-56. [PMID: 33994302 PMCID: PMC8589913 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the functions of the peripheral nervous system in whole body homeostasis and sensation have been understood for many years, recent investigation has uncovered new roles for innervation in the musculoskeletal system. This review centers on advances regarding the function of nerves in the development and repair of two connected tissues: tendon and bone. Innervation in healthy tendons is generally confined to the tendon sheaths, and tendon-bone attachment units are typically aneural. In contrast to tendon, bone is an innervated and vascularized structure. Historically, the function of abundant peripheral nerves in bone has been limited to pain and some non-painful sensory perception in disease and injury. Indeed, much of our understanding of peripheral nerves in tendons, bones, and entheses is limited to the source and type of innervation in healthy and injured tissues. However, more recent studies have made important observations regarding the appearance, type, and innervation patterns of nerves during embryonic and postnatal development and in response to injury, which suggest a more expansive role for peripheral nerves in the formation of musculoskeletal tissues. Indeed, tendons and bones develop in a close spatiotemporal relationship in the embryonic mesoderm. Models of limb denervation have shed light on the importance of sensory innervation in bone and to a lesser extent, tendon development, and more recent work has unraveled key nerve signaling pathways. Furthermore, loss of sensory innervation also impairs healing of bone fractures and may contribute to chronic tendinopathy. However, more study is required to translate our knowledge of peripheral nerves to therapeutic strategies to combat bone and tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam Rajpar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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125
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Yamada D, Takao T, Nakamura M, Kitano T, Nakata E, Takarada T. Identification of Surface Antigens That Define Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived PRRX1+Limb-Bud-like Mesenchymal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052661. [PMID: 35269809 PMCID: PMC8910499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies and experimental methods rely on efficient induction of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). During limb development, the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) produces limb-bud mesenchymal (LBM) cells that differentiate into osteochondroprogenitor cells and form cartilage tissues in the appendicular skeleton. Previously, we generated PRRX1-tdTomato reporter hPSCs to establish the protocol for inducing the hPSC-derived PRRX1+ LBM-like cells. However, surface antigens that assess the induction efficiency of hPSC-derived PRRX1+ LBM-like cells from LPM have not been identified. Here, we used PRRX1-tdTomato reporter hPSCs and found that high pluripotent cell density suppressed the expression of PRRX1 mRNA and tdTomato after LBM-like induction. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry suggested that PRRX1-tdTomato+ LBM-like cells are defined as CD44high CD140Bhigh CD49f−. Importantly, other hPSC lines, including four human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (414C2, 1383D2, HPS1042, HPS1043) and two human embryonic stem cell lines (SEES4, SEES7), showed the same results. Thus, an appropriate cell density of hPSCs before differentiation is a prerequisite for inducing the CD44high CD140Bhigh CD49f− PRRX1+ LBM-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Toki Kitano
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Sakashita H, Bando Y, Nagasaka A, Sakiyama K, Onozawa G, Taira F, Ogasawara Y, Owada Y, Sakashita H, Amano O. Spatial and chronological localization of septoclasts in the mouse Meckel's cartilage. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:569-580. [PMID: 35195769 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Meckel's cartilage (MC) in the first branchial arch of mammals is a transient structure that disappears before birth, except for the most anterior and posterior portions. Recent studies reported that some congenital abnormalities in craniofacial regions are linked with the persistence or dysplasia of MC. However, the mechanisms underlying the resorption of MC have not been elucidated. Cartilage resorption in endochondral ossification is performed by multinuclear osteoclasts/chondroclasts as well as mononuclear septoclasts, which were newly added to the list of cartilage phagocytes. Septoclasts located exclusively at the chondro-osseous junction of the growth plate resorb the uncalcified cartilage matrix. We hypothesized that septoclasts participate in the resorption of MC and attempted to clarify the localization and roles of septoclasts in MC of mouse using a specific immunohistochemistry marker, epidermal type-fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP/FABP5). E-FABP-immunopositive septoclasts were detected for the first time at the beginning of MC resorption and localized along the resorption surface. Septoclasts of MC in embryonic mice possessed several processes that elongated toward the uncalcified cartilage matrix, expressed cathepsin B, and exhibited characteristic pericapillary localization. Additionally, they localized between hypertrophied cartilage and osteoclasts/chondroclasts in the resorption surface. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed a decrease in the numbers of septoclasts and their processes with the progression of MC disappearance before birth. The present study showed that E-FABP-immunopositive septoclasts participated in the disappearance of MC through the resorption of the uncalcified cartilage matrix and that they have different roles from osteoclasts/chondroclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hide Sakashita
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Bando
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Arata Nagasaka
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Koji Sakiyama
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Go Onozawa
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Fuyoko Taira
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Yudai Ogasawara
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sakashita
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Osamu Amano
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.
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127
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Qiu J, Fan X, Ding H, Zhao M, Xu T, Lei J, Ji B, Zhuang Z, Gao Q. Antenatal dexamethasone retarded fetal long bones growth and development by down-regulating of insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in fetal rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211072870. [PMID: 35148621 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211072870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been widely used as a medication for premature delivery. However, the side effects of antenatal DEX treatment on fetal bone development, as well as the underlying mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to explore the effects and the related mechanisms of antenatal DEX exposure during late pregnancy on fetal bone growth and development. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into DEX group and vehicle group from gestational day 14 (GD14). Pregnant rats in DEX group were intraperitoneally injected once with DEX (200 µg/kg body weight) on GD14, 16, 18, and 20. The vehicle group rats were administered the same amount of normal saline at the same time. Pregnant rats were anesthetized at GD21 to harvest fetal femurs for analysis. RESULTS Antenatal DEX treatment delayed fetal skeletal growth via inhibiting extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and downregulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling. Several components of IGF1 signaling pathway, including IGF1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate, as well as serine-threonine protein kinase, were down-regulated in fetal growth plate chondrocytes following DEX treatment. CONCLUSION This study indicated that antenatal DEX treatment-retarded fetal skeletal growth was associated with the down-regulation of IGF1 signaling in growth plate chondrocytes, providing important information about the impact of antenatal DEX application four courses on premature infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Qiu
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, 105860Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingyu Ji
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, 105860Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, 74566First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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128
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lncRNAs MALAT1 and LINC00657 upstream to miR-214-3p/BMP2 regulate osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6847-6857. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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129
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Qin D, He Z, Li P, Zhang S. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Nucleation Process of Biomineralization. Front Chem 2022; 10:834503. [PMID: 35186885 PMCID: PMC8854647 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.834503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a typical interdisciplinary subject attracting biologists, chemists, and geologists to figure out its potential mechanism. A mounting number of studies have revealed that the classical nucleation theory is not suitable for all nucleation process of biominerals, and phase-separated structures such as polymer-induced liquid precursors (PILPs) play essential roles in the non-classical nucleation processes. These structures are able to play diverse roles biologically or pathologically, and could also give inspiring clues to bionic applications. However, a lot of confusion and dispute occurred due to the intricacy and interdisciplinary nature of liquid precursors. Researchers in different fields may have different opinions because the terminology and current state of understanding is not common knowledge. As a result, our team reviewed the most recent articles focusing on the nucleation processes of various biominerals to clarify the state-of-the-art understanding of some essential concepts and guide the newcomers to enter this intricate but charming field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Li
- *Correspondence: Peng Li, ; Shutian Zhang,
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130
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Phenotypic effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism on SSC7 on fetal outcomes in PRRSV-2 infected gilts. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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131
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Lu CL, Ortmeier S, Brudvig J, Moretti T, Cain J, Boyadjiev SA, Weimer JM, Kim J. Collagen has a unique SEC24 preference for efficient export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Traffic 2022; 23:81-93. [PMID: 34761479 PMCID: PMC8692420 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SEC24 is mainly involved in cargo sorting during COPII vesicle assembly. There are four SEC24 paralogs (A-D) in vertebrates, which are classified into two subgroups (SEC24A/B and SEC24C/D). Pathological mutations in SEC24D cause osteogenesis imperfecta with craniofacial dysplasia in humans. sec24d mutant fish also recapitulate the phenotypes. Consistent with the skeletal phenotypes, the secretion of collagen was severely defective in mutant fish, emphasizing the importance of SEC24D in collagen secretion. However, SEC24D patient-derived fibroblasts show only a mild secretion phenotype, suggesting tissue-specificity in the secretion process. Using Sec24d KO mice and cultured cells, we show that SEC24A and SEC24B also contribute to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of procollagen. In contrast, fibronectin 1 requires either SEC24C or SEC24D for ER export. On the basis of our results, we propose that procollagen interacts with multiple SEC24 paralogs for efficient export from the ER, and that this is the basis for tissue-specific phenotypes resulting from SEC24 paralog deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ling Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Steven Ortmeier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jon Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Tamara Moretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jacob Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jinoh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA,To who correspondence should be addressed: Jinoh Kim, 2086 Vet Med, 1800 Christensen Drive, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, , Tel: 515-294-3401
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Nagano K, Yamana K, Saito H, Kiviranta R, Pedroni AC, Raval D, Niehrs C, Gori F, Baron R. R-spondin 3 deletion induces Erk phosphorylation to enhance Wnt signaling and promote bone formation in the appendicular skeleton. eLife 2022; 11:84171. [PMID: 36321691 PMCID: PMC9681208 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Wnt signaling leads to high bone density. The R-spondin family of four secreted glycoproteins (Rspo1-4) amplifies Wnt signaling. In humans, RSPO3 variants are strongly associated with bone density. Here, we investigated the role of Rspo3 in skeletal homeostasis in mice. Using a comprehensive set of mouse genetic and mechanistic studies, we show that in the appendicular skeleton, Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency and Rspo3 targeted deletion in Runx2+ osteoprogenitors lead to an increase in trabecular bone mass, with increased number of osteoblasts and bone formation. In contrast and highlighting the complexity of Wnt signaling in the regulation of skeletal homeostasis, we show that Rspo3 deletion in osteoprogenitors results in the opposite phenotype in the axial skeleton, i.e., low vertebral trabecular bone mass. Mechanistically, Rspo3 deficiency impairs the inhibitory effect of Dkk1 on Wnt signaling activation and bone mass. We demonstrate that Rspo3 deficiency leads to activation of Erk signaling which in turn, stabilizes β-catenin and Wnt signaling activation. Our data demonstrate that Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency/deficiency boosts canonical Wnt signaling by activating Erk signaling, to favor osteoblastogenesis, bone formation, and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagano
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Kei Yamana
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | - Dhairya Raval
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Christof Niehrs
- German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB)MainzGermany
| | - Francesca Gori
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Roland Baron
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
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Paradise CR, Galvan ML, Pichurin O, Jerez S, Kubrova E, Dehghani SS, Carrasco ME, Thaler R, Larson AN, van Wijnen AJ, Dudakovic A. Brd4 is required for chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral ossification. Bone 2022; 154:116234. [PMID: 34700039 PMCID: PMC9014208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of multi-potent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is directed by the activities of lineage-specific transcription factors and co-factors. A subset of these proteins controls the accessibility of chromatin by recruiting histone acetyl transferases or deacetylases that regulate acetylation of the N-termini of H3 and H4 histone proteins. Bromodomain (BRD) proteins recognize these acetylation marks and recruit the RNA pol II containing transcriptional machinery. Our previous studies have shown that Brd4 is required for osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of Brd4 on endochondral ossification in C57BL/6 mice and chondrogenic differentiation in cell culture models. Conditional loss of Brd4 in the mesenchyme (Brd4 cKO, Brd4fl/fl: Prrx1-Cre) yields smaller mice that exhibit alteration in endochondral ossification. Importantly, abnormal growth plate morphology and delayed long bone formation is observed in juvenile Brd4 cKO mice. One week old Brd4 cKO mice have reduced proliferative and hypertrophic zones within the physis and exhibit a delay in the formation of the secondary ossification center. At the cellular level, Brd4 function is required for chondrogenic differentiation and maturation of both ATDC5 cells and immature mouse articular chondrocytes. Mechanistically, Brd4 loss suppresses Sox9 levels and reduces expression of Sox9 and Runx2 responsive endochondral genes (e.g., Col2a1, Acan, Mmp13 and Sp7/Osx). Collectively, our results indicate that Brd4 is a key epigenetic regulator required for normal chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Paradise
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Lizeth Galvan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eva Kubrova
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Wu X, Qu M, Gong W, Zhou C, Lai Y, Xiao G. Kindlin-2 deletion in osteoprogenitors causes severe chondrodysplasia and low-turnover osteopenia in mice. J Orthop Translat 2022; 32:41-48. [PMID: 34934625 PMCID: PMC8639803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent studies demonstrate that the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 exerts crucial functions in the mesenchymal stem cells, mature osteoblasts and osteocytes in control of early skeletal development and bone homeostasis in mice. However, whether Kindlin-2 plays a role in osteoprogenitors remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice lacking Kindlin-2 expression in osterix (Osx)-expressing cells (i.e., osteoprogenitors) were generated. Micro-computerized tomography (μCT) analyses, histology, bone histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the effects of Kindlin-2 deletion on skeletal development and bone mass accrual and homeostasis. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from mutant mice (Kindlin-2 fl/fl ; Osx Cre ) and control littermates were isolated and determined for their osteoblastic differentiation capacity. RESULTS Kindlin-2 was highly expressed in osteoprogenitors during endochondral ossification. Deleting Kindlin-2 expression in osteoprogenitors impaired both intramembranous and endochondral ossifications. Mutant mice displayed multiple severe skeletal abnormalities, including unmineralized fontanel, limb shortening and growth retardation. Deletion of Kindlin-2 in osteoprogenitors impaired the growth plate development and largely delayed formation of the secondary ossification center in the long bones. Furthermore, adult mutant mice displayed a severe low-turnover osteopenia with a dramatic decrease in bone formation which exceeded that in bone resorption. Primary BMSCs isolated from mutant mice exhibited decreased osteoblastic differentiation capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates an essential role of Kinlind-2 expression in osteoprogenitors in regulating skeletogenesis and bone mass accrual and homeostasis in mice. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE This study reveals that Kindlin-2 through its expression in osteoprogenitor cells controls chondrogenesis and bone mass. We may define a novel therapeutic target for treatment of skeletal diseases, such as chondrodysplasia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical, 17 University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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135
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Kumar N, Saraber P, Ding Z, Kusumbe AP. Diversity of Vascular Niches in Bones and Joints During Homeostasis, Ageing, and Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798211. [PMID: 34975909 PMCID: PMC8718446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bones and joints in the skeletal system are composed of diverse cell types, including vascular niches, bone cells, connective tissue cells and mineral deposits and regulate whole-body homeostasis. The capacity of maintaining strength and generation of blood lineages lies within the skeletal system. Bone harbours blood and immune cells and their progenitors, and vascular cells provide several immune cell type niches. Blood vessels in bone are phenotypically and functionally diverse, with distinct capillary subtypes exhibiting striking changes with age. The bone vasculature has a special impact on osteogenesis and haematopoiesis, and dysregulation of the vasculature is associated with diverse blood and bone diseases. Ageing is associated with perturbed haematopoiesis, loss of osteogenesis, increased adipogenesis and diminished immune response and immune cell production. Endothelial and perivascular cells impact immune cell production and play a crucial role during inflammation. Here, we discuss normal and maladapted vascular niches in bone during development, homeostasis, ageing and bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Further, we discuss the role of vascular niches during bone malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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136
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Sidharthan DS, Abhinandan R, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Advancements in nucleic acids-based techniques for bone regeneration. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100570. [PMID: 34882984 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic biology of bone involving an enormous magnitude of cellular interactions and signaling transduction provides ample biomolecular targets, which can be enhanced or repressed to mediate a rapid regeneration of the impaired bone tissue. The delivery of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA can enhance the expression of osteogenic proteins. Members of the RNA interference pathway such as miRNA and siRNA can repress negative osteoblast differentiation regulators. Advances in nanomaterials have provided researchers with a plethora of delivery modules that can ensure proper transfection. Combining the nucleic acid carrying vectors with bone scaffolds has met with tremendous success in accomplishing bone formation. Recent years have witnessed the advent of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the delivery of nucleic acids and touches upon the prospect of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures for bone tissue engineering, emphasizing their potential in treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmaraj Saleth Sidharthan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranganathan Abhinandan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalimuthu Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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137
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Nakamura M, Yang MC, Ashida K, Mayanagi M, Sasano Y. Calcification and resorption of mouse Meckel's cartilage analyzed by von Kossa and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Anat Sci Int 2021; 97:213-220. [PMID: 34859366 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Meckel's cartilage is essential for the normal development of the mandible. The fate of the intermediate portion of Meckel's cartilage is unique as most of it disappears soon after birth except for the part that forms the sphenomandibular ligament. The mechanism of the disappearance of Meckel's cartilage is unknown; therefore, this study was designed to investigate the process of Meckel's cartilage degradation, focusing on cartilage matrix calcification and the appearance of chondroclasts. Developing mouse mandibles at embryonic days 15, 16, 17, and 18, and postnatal day 2 were processed for whole-mount staining with alcian blue and alizarin red. The mandibles on embryonic days 15, 16, 17, and 18 were fixed and embedded in paraffin. Adjacent sections were processed for von Kossa and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Calcification and the element concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and carbon were examined with von Kossa histochemistry and SEM/EDS. The involvement of chondroclasts was investigated using TRAP histochemistry. The results demonstrated that the intermediate portion of Meckel's cartilage is resorbed by chondroclasts after chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix calcification and that the mineral concentration of calcified Meckel's cartilage is comparable to that of the surrounding bone. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of Meckel's cartilage resorption and provides useful insights into the development of the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nakamura
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mu-Chen Yang
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keijyu Ashida
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Miyuki Mayanagi
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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138
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Vesela B, Svandova E, Ramesova A, Kratochvilova A, Tucker AS, Matalova E. Caspase Inhibition Affects the Expression of Autophagy-Related Molecules in Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2021; 13:956S-968S. [PMID: 32627581 PMCID: PMC8804809 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520938444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Caspases, cysteine proteases traditionally associated with apoptosis and inflammation, have recently been identified as important regulators of autophagy and reported within the growth plate, a cartilaginous part of the developing bone. The aim of this research was to identify novel autophagy-related molecules affected by inhibition of pro-apoptotic caspases in chondrocytes. Design. Chondrocyte micromasses derived from mouse limb buds were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of caspases. Autophagy-related gene expression was examined and possible novel molecules were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytofluorescence. Individual caspases inhibitors were used to identify the effect of specific caspases. Results. Chondrogenesis accompanied by caspase activation and autophagy progression was confirmed in micromass cultures. Expression of several autophagy-associated genes was significantly altered in the caspases inhibitors treated groups with the most prominent decrease for Pik3cg and increase of Tnfsf10. The results showed the specific pro-apoptotic caspases that play a role in these effects. Importantly, use of caspase inhibitors mimicked changes triggered by an autophagy stimulator, rapamycin, linking loss of caspase activity to an increase in autophagy. Conclusion. Caspase inhibition significantly affects regulation of autophagy-related genes in chondrocytes cultures. Detected markers are of importance in diagnostics and thus the data presented here open new perspectives in the field of cartilage development and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Barbora Vesela, Institute of Animal
Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Veveri 97, Brno
60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Ramesova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Kratochvilova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative
Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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139
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Bone morphogenetic protein 9 enhances osteogenic and angiogenic responses of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells cocultured with umbilical vein endothelial cells through the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24829-24849. [PMID: 34837694 PMCID: PMC8660623 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Neovascularization plays an essential part in bone fracture and defect healing, constructing tissue engineered bone that targets bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a regular indicator that potentiates osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of MSCs. Objectives: To investigate the effects of BMP9 on osteogenesis and angiogenesis of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and determine the possible underlying molecular mechanism. Results: The isolated hAMSCs expressed surface markers of MSCs. hAMSCs cocultured with HUVECs enhance osteogenic differentiation and upregulate the expression of angiogenic factors. BMP9 not only potentiates angiogenic signaling of hAMSCs cocultured with HUVECs also increases ectopic bone formation and subcutaneous vessel invasion. Mechanically, the coupling effect between osteogenesis and angiogenesis induced by BMP9 was activated by the BMP/Smad and PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathways. Conclusions: BMP9-enhanced osteoblastic and angiogenic differentiation in cocultivation with hAMSCs and HUVECs in vitro and in vivo also provide a chance to harness the BMP9-regulated coordinated effect between osteogenic and angiogenic pathways through BMP/Smad and PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signalings. Materials and Methods: The ALP and Alizarin Red S staining assay to determine the effects of osteoblastic differentiation. RT-qPCR and western blot was measured the expression of angiogenesis-related factors. Ectopic bone formation was established and retrieved bony masses were subjected to histochemical staining. The angiogenesis ability and vessel invasion were subsequently determined by immunofluorescence staining. Molecular mechanisms such as the BMP/Smad and PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathways were detected by ELISA and western blot analysis.
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140
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Krstić J, Mojsilović S, Mojsilović SS, Santibanez JF. Regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell fate by interleukin-17: Implications in osteogenic differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1696-1713. [PMID: 34909118 PMCID: PMC8641017 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a tightly regulated process that ensures proper repair and functionality after injury. The delicate balance between bone formation and resorption is governed by cytokines and signaling molecules released during the inflammatory response. Interleukin (IL)-17A, produced in the early phase of inflammation, influences the fate of osteoprogenitors. Due to their inherent capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to bone healing and regeneration. This review presents an overview of IL-17A signaling and the leading cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The main findings demonstrating IL-17A’s influence on osteoblastogenesis are described. To this end, divergent information exists about the capacity of IL-17A to regulate MSCs’ osteogenic fate, depending on the tissue context and target cell type, along with contradictory findings in the same cell types. Therefore, we summarize the data showing both the pro-osteogenic and anti-osteogenic roles of IL-17, which may help in the understanding of IL-17A function in bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Sonja S Mojsilović
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Chile 8370993, Chile
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141
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Rashid H, Chen H, Javed A. Runx2 is required for hypertrophic chondrocyte mediated degradation of cartilage matrix during endochondral ossification. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100088. [PMID: 34805821 PMCID: PMC8586806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RUNX2 transcription factor is a key regulator for the development of cartilage and bone. Global or resting chondrocyte-specific deletion of the Runx2 gene results in failure of chondrocyte hypertrophy, endochondral ossification, and perinatal lethality. The terminally mature hypertrophic chondrocyte regulates critical steps of endochondral ossification. Importantly, expression of the Runx2 gene starts in the resting chondrocyte and increases progressively, reaching the maximum level in hypertrophic chondrocytes. However, the RUNX2 role after chondrocyte hypertrophy remains unknown. To answer this question, we deleted the Runx2 gene specifically in hypertrophic chondrocytes using the Col10-Cre line. Mice lacking the Runx2 gene in hypertrophic chondrocytes (Runx2HC/HC ) survive but exhibit limb dwarfism. Interestingly, the length of the hypertrophic chondrocyte zone is doubled in the growth plate of Runx2HC/HC mice. Expression of pro-apoptotic Bax decreased significantly while anti-apoptotic Bcl2 remains unchanged leading to a four-fold increase in the Bcl2/Bax ratio in mutant mice. In line with this, a significant reduction in apoptosis of Runx2HC/HC hypertrophic chondrocyte is noted. A large amount of cartilage matrix is present in the long bones that extend toward the diaphyseal region of Runx2HC/HC mice. This is not due to enhanced synthesis of the cartilage matrix as the expression of both collagen type 2 and aggrecan were comparable among Runx2HC/HC and WT littermates. Our qPCR analysis demonstrates the increased amount of cartilage matrix is due to impaired expression of cartilage degrading enzymes such as metalloproteinase and aggrecanase as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Moreover, a significant decrease of TRAP positive chondroclasts was noted along the cartilage islands in Runx2HC/HC mice. Consistently, qPCR data showed an 81% reduction in the Rankl/Opg ratio in Runx2HC/HC littermates, which is inhibitory for chondroclast differentiation. Finally, we assess if increase cartilage matrix in Runx2HC/HC mice serves as a template for bone and mineral deposition using micro-CT and Von Kossa. The mutant mice exhibit a significant increase in trabecular bone mass compared to littermates. In summary, our findings have uncovered a novel role of Runx2 in apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes and degradation of cartilage matrix during endochondral ossification.
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Key Words
- ACAN, Aggrecan
- Aggrecanase
- Apoptosis
- BAC, Bacterial artificial chromosome
- CCND1, Cyclin D1
- CDK1, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1
- COL10, Collagen type X
- COL2, Collagen type II
- Chondroclast/osteoclast
- Dwarfism
- IHH, Indian hedgehog
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase
- Matrix-metalloproteinase
- OPG, Osteoprotegerin
- PCNA, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PTHRP, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa B ligand
- RUNX2, Runt related transcription factor 2
- SOX9, SRY box transcription factor
- TNAP, Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase
- TRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- VEGFA, Vascular endothelial growth factor a
- Wnt/PCP, Wnt/planar cell polarity
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunur Rashid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amjad Javed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Nakamura-Utsunomiya A. Bone Biomarkers in Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312651. [PMID: 34884458 PMCID: PMC8658023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in bone and cartilage leads to progressive damage in cartilage that, in turn, reduces bone growth by the destruction of the growth plate, incomplete ossification, and growth imbalance. The mechanisms of pathophysiology related to bone metabolism in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) include impaired chondrocyte function and the failure of endochondral ossification, which leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines via the activation of Toll-like receptors by GAGs. Although improvements in the daily living of patients with MPS have been achieved with enzyme replacement, treatment for the bone disorder is limited. There is an increasing need to identify biomarkers related to bone and cartilage to evaluate the progressive status and to monitor the treatment of MPS. Recently, new analysis methods, such as proteomic analysis, have identified new biomarkers in MPS. This review summarizes advances in clinical bone metabolism and bone biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Nakamura-Utsunomiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-82-254-1818; Fax: +81-82-253-8274
- Division of Neonatal Screening, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Pan X, Cen X, Zhang B, Pei F, Huang W, Huang X, Zhao Z. Circular RNAs as potential regulators in bone remodeling: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1505. [PMID: 34805367 PMCID: PMC8573438 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective In this review, we focus on the recent progress of circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs)-related molecular mechanisms in the processes of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and explore their roles in the development of bone-remodeling disorders. Background The well-coupled bone-formation and bone-resorption processes are vital in bone remodeling. Once the balance is disrupted, bone-remodeling disorders (e.g., osteoporosis and osteopetrosis) occur, severely affecting patients’ quality of life. CircRNAs, the newly discovered members of the non-coding RNA family, have been reported to act as key checkpoints of various signaling pathways that influence osteoblasts and osteoclasts functions, thus regulating the physiological and pathological processes of bone homeostasis. Methods Three English and three Chinese databases [i.e., PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE (via Ovid), Chinese Biomedical Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP databases] were searched to June 2021 without language restrictions. Studies exploring the roles of circRNAs in key bone remodeling mediators, such as Smad-dependent bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Wnts, runt-related transcription factor (RUNX), forkhead boxes (FOXs), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), and circRNA-related bone-remodeling disorders, were included. Conclusions Many circRNAs have been shown to promote osteogenesis and facilitate osteoclast differentiation via diverse mechanisms, and thus modulate the process of bone homeostasis. The imbalance or impairment of these two parts causes diseases, such as osteoporosis, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head, which are also closely correlated to the aberrant presence of circRNAs. Current evidence provides us with promising diagnosis and treatment methods for some bone homeostasis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Cen
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Pei
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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144
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Osteoblast-specific inactivation of p53 results in locally increased bone formation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249894. [PMID: 34793446 PMCID: PMC8601510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 (encoded by the Trp53 gene) is relevant for development and growth of different cancers, including osteosarcoma, a primary bone tumor mostly affecting children and young adolescents. We have previously shown that deficiency of the ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (Rsk2) limits osteosarcoma growth in a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the proto-oncogene c-Fos. Our initial aim for the present study was to address the question, if Rsk2 deficiency would also influence osteosarcoma growth in another mouse model. For that purpose, we took advantage of Trp53fl/fl mice, which were crossed with Runx2Cre transgenic mice in order to inactivate p53 specifically in osteoblast lineage cells. However, since we unexpectedly identified Runx2Cre-mediated recombination also in the thymus, the majority of 6-month-old Trp53fl/fl;Runx2-Cre (thereafter termed Trp53Cre) animals displayed thymic lymphomas, similar to what has been described for Trp53-deficient mice. Since we did not detect osteosarcoma formation at that age, we could not follow our initial aim, but we studied the skeletal phenotype of Trp53Cre mice, with or without additional Rsk2 deficiency. Here we unexpectedly observed that Trp53Cre mice display a unique accumulation of trabecular bone in the midshaft region of the femur and the humerus, consistent with its previously established role as a negative regulator of osteoblastogenesis. Since this local bone mass increase in Trp53Cre mice was significantly reduced by Rsk2 deficiency, we isolated bone marrow cells from the different groups of mice and analyzed their behavior ex vivo. Here we observed a remarkable increase of colony formation, osteogenic differentiation and proliferation in Trp53Cre cultures, which was unaffected by Rsk2 deficiency. Our data thereby confirm a critical and tumorigenesis-independent function of p53 as a key regulator of mesenchymal cell differentiation.
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145
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A regulatory role of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in osteoblast differentiation. Biochimie 2021; 193:137-147. [PMID: 34742858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is an important process in skeletal development and bone remodelling. Serious bone diseases occur from any delay, defect, or imbalance in osteoblastic differentiation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a regulatory role in controlling the expression of proteins under physiological and pathological conditions via inhibiting mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the long and small ncRNAs, respectively, which have been reported to regulate the expression of osteoblast marker genes directly or indirectly. Also, recent studies identified the regulatory mechanisms involving the crosstalk among circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs during osteoblast differentiation. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms behind osteoblastic differentiation would help to diagnose or treat bone and bone-related disorders. Hence, the current review comprehensively discussed the regulatory relationship of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, and their functional role as circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in osteoblast differentiation.
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146
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Li C, Zhao H, Cheng L, Wang B. Allogeneic vs. autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in their medication practice. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:187. [PMID: 34727974 PMCID: PMC8561357 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapeutics is already available for treatment of a range of diseases or medical conditions. Autologous or allogeneic MSCs obtained from self or donors have their own advantages and disadvantages in their medical practice. Therapeutic benefits of using autologous vs. allogeneic MSCs are inconclusive. Transplanted MSCs within the body interact with their physical microenvironment or niche, physiologically or pathologically, and such cells in a newly established tissue microenvironment may be impacted by the pathological harmful environmental factors to alter their unique biological behaviors. Meanwhile, a temporary microenvironment/niche may be also altered by the resident or niche-surrounding MSCs. Therefore, the functional plasticity and heterogeneity of MSCs caused by different donors and subpopulations of MSCs may result in potential uncertainty in their safe and efficacious medical practice. Acknowledging a connection between MSCs' biology and their existing microenvironment, donor-controlled clinical practice for the long-term therapeutic benefit is suggested to further consider minimizing MSCs potential harm for MSC-based individual therapies. In this review, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of autologous vs. allogeneic MSCs in their therapeutic applications. Among other issues, we highlight the importance of better understanding of the various microenvironments that may affect the properties of niche-surrounding MSCs and discuss the clinical applications of MSCs within different contexts for treatment of different diseases including cardiomyopathy, lupus and lupus nephritis, diabetes and diabetic complications, bone and cartilage repair, cancer and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Linna Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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147
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Chai M, Jiang M, Gu C, Lu Q, Zhou Y, Jin Z, Zhou Y, Tan W. Osteogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells promote the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2138-2150. [PMID: 34694656 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The absence of blood vessels in tissue engineered bone often leads to necrosis of internal cells after implantation, ultimately affecting the process of bone repair. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cocultured to induce osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Based on the findings, the number of HUVECs in the coculture system increased in the growth medium group, but decreased in the osteogenic induction medium (OIM) group. Considering that the paracrine effects of MSCs had changed, we tested the genes expression of osteogenically differentiated MSCs. The expression of osteogenic genes in MSCs increased during osteogenesis. Further, the expression levels of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) gene and protein, an antivascular factor, were also increased. To verify whether MSCs promote HUVECs apoptosis via PEDF, PEDF was silenced via siRNA. The conditioned medium of differentiated MSCs with PEDF silencing significantly improved the proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs. Based on further experiments, PEDF mediated the apoptosis and proliferation of HUVECs through p53, BAX/BCL-2, FAS, and c-Caspase-3. However, when PEDF was silenced with siRNA, the osteogenic potential of MSCs was affected. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of prevascularized bone tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaohui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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148
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Role of K + and Ca 2+-Permeable Channels in Osteoblast Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910459. [PMID: 34638799 PMCID: PMC8509041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-forming cells or osteoblasts play an important role in bone modeling and remodeling processes. Osteoblast differentiation or osteoblastogenesis is orchestrated by multiple intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathways) and is modulated by the extracellular environment (e.g., parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and integrins). The regulation of bone homeostasis depends on the proper differentiation and function of osteoblast lineage cells from osteogenic precursors to osteocytes. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling relies on the control of numerous processes in osteoblast lineage cells, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and gene expression. In addition, hyperpolarization via the activation of K+ channels indirectly promotes Ca2+ signaling in osteoblast lineage cells. An improved understanding of the fundamental physiological and pathophysiological processes in bone homeostasis requires detailed investigations of osteoblast lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functional impacts of K+ channels and Ca2+-permeable channels, which critically regulate Ca2+ signaling in osteoblast lineage cells to maintain bone homeostasis.
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149
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Suchacki KJ, Alcaide-Corral CJ, Nimale S, Macaskill MG, Stimson RH, Farquharson C, Freeman TC, Tavares AAS. A Systems-Level Analysis of Total-Body PET Data Reveals Complex Skeletal Metabolism Networks in vivo. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:740615. [PMID: 34616758 PMCID: PMC8488174 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.740615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is now regarded to be a key regulator of a number of metabolic processes, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism. However, our understanding of complex bone metabolic interactions at a systems level remains rudimentary. in vitro molecular biology and bioinformatics approaches have frequently been used to understand the mechanistic changes underlying disease at the cell level, however, these approaches lack the capability to interrogate dynamic multi-bone metabolic interactions in vivo. Here we present a novel and integrative approach to understand complex bone metabolic interactions in vivo using total-body positron emission tomography (PET) network analysis of murine 18F-FDG scans, as a biomarker of glucose metabolism in bones. In this report we show that different bones within the skeleton have a unique glucose metabolism and form a complex metabolic network, which could not be identified using single tissue simplistic PET standard uptake values analysis. The application of our approach could reveal new physiological and pathological tissue interactions beyond skeletal metabolism, due to PET radiotracers diversity and the advent of clinical total-body PET systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla J. Suchacki
- University/British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos J. Alcaide-Corral
- University/British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Samah Nimale
- University/British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Macaskill
- University/British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roland H. Stimson
- University/British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (RDSVS), Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Freeman
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (RDSVS), Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- University/British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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150
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Primary cilia in hard tissue development and diseases. Front Med 2021; 15:657-678. [PMID: 34515939 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone and teeth are hard tissues. Hard tissue diseases have a serious effect on human survival and quality of life. Primary cilia are protrusions on the surfaces of cells. As antennas, they are distributed on the membrane surfaces of almost all mammalian cell types and participate in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis. Mutations in cilium-related genes result in a variety of developmental and even lethal diseases. Patients with multiple ciliary gene mutations present overt changes in the skeletal system, suggesting that primary cilia are involved in hard tissue development and reconstruction. Furthermore, primary cilia act as sensors of external stimuli and regulate bone homeostasis. Specifically, substances are trafficked through primary cilia by intraflagellar transport, which affects key signaling pathways during hard tissue development. In this review, we summarize the roles of primary cilia in long bone development and remodeling from two perspectives: primary cilia signaling and sensory mechanisms. In addition, the cilium-related diseases of hard tissue and the manifestations of mutant cilia in the skeleton and teeth are described. We believe that all the findings will help with the intervention and treatment of related hard tissue genetic diseases.
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