101
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Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed candidate genes involved in fruiting body development and sporulation in Ganoderma lucidum. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:514. [PMID: 35867171 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is an edible mushroom highly regarded in the traditional Chinese medicine. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fruiting body development in G. lucidum, transcriptome analysis based on RNA sequencing was carried out on different developmental stages: mycelium (G1); primordium (G2); young fruiting body (G3); mature fruiting body (G4); fruiting body in post-sporulation stage (G5). In total, 26,137 unigenes with an average length of 1078 bp were de novo assembled. Functional annotation of transcriptomes matched 72.49% of the unigenes to known proteins available in at least one database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the evaluated stages: 3135 DEGs in G1 versus G2; 120 in G2 versus G3; 3919 in G3 versus G4; and 1012 in G4 versus G5. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs identified in G1 versus G2 revealed that, in addition to global and overview maps, enriched pathways were related to amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. In contrast, DEGs identified in G2 versus G3 were mainly assigned to the category of metabolism of amino acids and their derivatives, comprising mostly upregulated unigenes. In addition, highly expressed unigenes associated with the transition between different developmental stages were identified, including those encoding hydrophobins, cytochrome P450s, extracellular proteases, and several transcription factors. Meanwhile, highly expressed unigenes related to meiosis such as DMC1, MSH4, HOP1, and Mek1 were also analyzed. Our study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fruiting body development and sporulation in G. lucidum.
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102
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Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) polysaccharide ameliorates obesity in association with modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:916-926. [PMID: 35868410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oyster is nutritious shellfish, wildly consumed throughout the world. Its polysaccharide (OPS) has various bioactivity. In the present study, the anti-obesity effect of OPS was evaluated in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that OPS significantly alleviated weight gain, dyslipidemia, and metabolic endotoxemia of obese mice, and accelerated the production of short-chain fatty acids. OPS also regulated lipid metabolism of adipose and liver by activating the expression of p-AMPKα to further down-regulate the expression of SREBP-1c, PPARγ, and p-ACC-1. 16S rRNA results indicated that OPS corrected HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by enriching beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Dobosiella, and Faecalibaculum) and decreasing harmful bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridium, Helicobacter, and Mucispirillum). In summary, these results revealed that OPS could serve as a potential prebiotic to improve obesity.
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103
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Yuan D, Huang Q, Li C, Fu X. A polysaccharide from Sargassum pallidum reduces obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by modulating glycolipid metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:7181-7191. [PMID: 35708004 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum pallidum polysaccharide (SPP) has been shown to have antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, the anti-obesity mechanism of SPP in obese mice remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of SPP in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The model and experimental groups were fed with a HFD, and the experimental groups were simultaneously orally treated with degraded SPP (D-SPP) with dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that oral administration of D-SPP not only dramatically suppressed body weight gain and reduced the fasting blood glucose level, but also lowered the levels of serum and hepatic lipids in HFD-induced obese mice. Histopathological analysis showed that D-SPP significantly prevented liver fat accumulation and reduced white adipose hypertrophy and adipocyte size. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that D-SPP intervention significantly down-regulated the relative expressions of adipogenesis genes. Specifically, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (Srebp-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1(ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver of obese mice were decreased by 68, 53, 73, and 78%, respectively. These findings suggest that D-SPP might potentially be used as a promising dietary supplement for ameliorating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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104
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Fu K, Ma C, Wang C, Zhou H, Gong L, Zhang Y, Li Y. Forsythiaside A alleviated carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota composition to increase short-chain fatty acids and restoring bile acids metabolism disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113185. [PMID: 35623173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disease with complex pathogenesis related to bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota. Forsythiaside A (FTA), isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Forsythiae Fructus (Lian Qiao), is a natural hepatoprotective agent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of FTA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg CCl4 three times a week for 4 weeks. FTA attenuated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice, which was proved by the results of Masson and Sirius red staining, liver hydroxyproline, hyaluronic acid, laminin, type III procollagen, and type IV collagen assays. FTA inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation, and reduced hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in mice treated with CCl4. What's more, FTA ameliorated CCl4-induced gut dysbiosis, maintained intestinal barrier function, increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and improved endotoxemia, as manifested by decreased serum lipopolysaccharide levels and increased expression of ileal tight junction proteins. Besides, FTA can modulate the genes related to bile acid metabolism to alter the distribution of fecal BAs in fibrotic mice. In a word, FTA can improve liver fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, regulating gut microbiota and BA metabolism, and increasing the content of SCFAs. The results of this study provided an important reference for the study on the mechanisms by which natural products prevent liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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105
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Jing L, Zhang H, Xiang Q, Shen L, Guo X, Zhai C, Hu H. Targeting Trimethylamine N-Oxide: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Alleviating Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864600. [PMID: 35770223 PMCID: PMC9235870 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and there is currently no effective drug to reverse its pathogenesis. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite of the gut flora with the potential to act as a new risk factor for CVD. Many studies have shown that TMAO is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic diseases through various mechanisms; however, the targeted therapy for TMAO remains controversial. This article summarizes the vital progress made in relation to evaluations on TMAO and AS in recent years and highlights novel probable approaches for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Xiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huilin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Huilin Hu
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106
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Yan X, Zhai Y, Zhou W, Qiao Y, Guan L, Liu H, Jiang J, Peng L. Intestinal Flora Mediates Antiobesity Effect of Rutin in High-Fat-Diet Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100948. [PMID: 35616308 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal flora plays a critical role in the development of . Rutin is a natural flavonoid with potential prebiotic effects on regulating the intestinal flora composition that is beneficial for host health. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that rutin supplementation has beneficial effects on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic disorder through the modulation of intestinal flora in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The obesity-alleviating property of rutin using 6-week-old C57BL/6J male mice fed on HFD with or without rutin supplementation for 16 weeks is investigated. Rutin supplementation effectively reduces body-weight gain, insulin resistance, and acted favorably on the intestinal barrier, thereby reducing endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from fecal samples indicate that rutin exerted modulatory effects on HFD-induced intestinal flora disorders (e.g., rutin decreased Firmicutes abundance and increased Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia abundance). Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation further demonstrate that the salutary effects of rutin on obesity control are strongly dependent on the intestinal flora. CONCLUSION Rutin can be considered as a prebiotic agent for improving intestinal flora disorders and obesity-associated metabolic perturbations in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenling Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingling Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jizhi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
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107
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Li L, Ma L, Wen Y, Xie J, Yan L, Ji A, Zeng Y, Tian Y, Sheng J. Crude Polysaccharide Extracted From Moringa oleifera Leaves Prevents Obesity in Association With Modulating Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861588. [PMID: 35548566 PMCID: PMC9083904 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a commonly used plant with high nutritional and medicinal values. M. oleifera leaves are considered a new food resource in China. However, the biological activities of M. oleifera polysaccharides (MOP) in regulating gut microbiota and alleviating obesity remain obscure. In the present study, we prepared the MOP and evaluated its effects on obesity and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J mice. The experimental mice were supplemented with a normal chow diet (NCD group), a high-fat diet (HFD group), and HFD along with MOP at a different dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/d, respectively. Physiological, histological, biochemical parameters, genes related to lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota composition were compared among five experimental groups. The results showed that MOP supplementation effectively prevented weight gain and lipid accumulation induced by HFD, ameliorated blood lipid levels and insulin resistance, alleviated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulated the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism. In addition, MOP positively reshaped the gut microbiota composition, significantly increasing the abundance of Bacteroides, norank_f_Ruminococcaceae, and Oscillibacter, while decreasing the relative abundance of Blautia, Alistipes, and Tyzzerella, which are closely associated with obesity. These results demonstrated that MOP supplementation has a protective effect against HFD-induced obesity in mice, which was associated with reshaping the gut microbiota. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential of MOP to prevent obesity and modulating gut microbiota, which suggests that MOP can be used as a potential prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu'er, China.,College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, China
| | - Yanlong Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu'er, China.,College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, China
| | - Aibing Ji
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu'er, China.,College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, China
| | - Yin Zeng
- Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu'er, China.,College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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108
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Yang L, Kang X, Dong W, Wang L, Liu S, Zhong X, Liu D. Prebiotic properties of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides with special enrichment of Bacteroides ovatus and B. uniformis in vitro. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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109
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Li Q, Li L, Li Q, Wang J, Nie S, Xie M. Influence of Natural Polysaccharides on Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081084. [PMID: 35454671 PMCID: PMC9029011 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in recent years. Considering the potential side effects of conventional drugs, safe and efficient treatment methods for IBD are required urgently. Natural polysaccharides (NPs) have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for IBD owing to their high efficiency, low toxicity, and wide range of biological activities. Intestinal microbiota and their fermentative products, mainly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are thought to mediate the effect of NPs in IBDs. This review explores the beneficial effects of NPs on IBD, with a special focus on the role of intestinal microbes. Intestinal microbiota exert alleviation effects via various mechanisms, such as increasing the intestinal immunity, anti-inflammatory activities, and intestinal barrier protection via microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent strategies. The aim of this paper was to document evidence of NP–intestinal microbiota-associated IBD prevention, which would be helpful for guidance in the treatment and management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
| | - Linyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
| | - Qiqiong Li
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Junqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (S.N.); (M.X.)
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110
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Sun CY, Zheng ZL, Chen CW, Lu BW, Liu D. Targeting Gut Microbiota With Natural Polysaccharides: Effective Interventions Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859206. [PMID: 35369480 PMCID: PMC8965082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet, in particular high-fat diet (HFD) intake, can cause the development of several metabolic disorders, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). These popular metabolic diseases reduce the quality of life, and induce premature death worldwide. Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiota is inextricably associated with HFD-induced metabolic disorders, and dietary intervention of gut microbiota is an effective therapeutic strategy for these metabolic dysfunctions. Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate macromolecules and sources of fermentable dietary fiber that exhibit biological activities in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced metabolic diseases. Of note, natural polysaccharides are among the most potent modulators of the gut microbiota composition. However, the prebiotics-like effects of polysaccharides in treating HFD-induced metabolic diseases remain elusive. In this review, we introduce the critical role of gut microbiota human health and HFD-induced metabolic disorders. Importantly, we review current knowledge about the role of natural polysaccharides in improving HFD-induced metabolic diseases by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | | | - Cun-Wu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Bao-Wei Lu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
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111
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Structure of water-soluble polysaccharides in spore of Ganoderma lucidum and their anti-inflammatory activity. Food Chem 2022; 373:131374. [PMID: 34717092 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum spore is widely accepted as functional food. Polysaccharides are the predominant bioactive components in G. lucidum spore and contribute much to its health benefits. However, their structural characteristics remain unclear. In this work, water-soluble polysaccharides (GLSP) were obtained by hot water extraction. Three monosaccharides, including arabinose (Ara), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal), were presented in GLSP. 1D and 2D NMR data revealed that GLSP were composed mainly by two polysaccharides, β-glucan and arabinogalactan. The arabinogalactan had a backbone of galactan with Araf in the side chain. β-Glucan was the dominant polysaccharide in G. lucidum spore. The molecular weight was measured. GLSP could induce IEC-6 cells proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, GLSP possessed a strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the overproduction of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced by LPS. These results implied the potential of GLSP on gut barrier protection.
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112
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Cao YJ, Huang ZR, You SZ, Guo WL, Zhang F, Liu B, Lv XC, Lin ZX, Liu PH. The Protective Effects of Ganoderic Acids from Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Body on Alcoholic Liver Injury and Intestinal Microflora Disturbance in Mice with Excessive Alcohol Intake. Foods 2022; 11:949. [PMID: 35407036 PMCID: PMC8997615 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ganoderic acids (GA) from Ganoderma lucidum against liver injury and intestinal microbial disorder in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Results showed GA supplement significantly inhibited the abnormal elevation of the liver index, serum lipid parameters, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in mice exposed to alcohol intake, and also significantly protected the excessive lipid accumulation and pathological changes. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver was significantly ameliorated by GA intervention through reducing the levels of maleic dialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and increasing the levels of glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Intestinal microbiota profiling demonstrated GA intervention modulated the composition of intestinal microflora by increasing the levels of Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia, Bifidobacterium and decreasing the Helicobacter level. Furthermore, liver metabolomic profiling suggested GA intervention had a remarkable regulatory effect on liver metabolism with excessive alcohol consumption. Moreover, GA intervention regulated mRNA levels of alcohol metabolism, fatty lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, bile acid biosynthesis and metabolism-related genes in the liver. Conclusively, these findings demonstrate GA intervention can significantly relieve alcoholic liver injury and it is hopeful to become a new functional food ingredient for the prevention of alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jia Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-R.H.); (B.L.); (Z.-X.L.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.-L.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zi-Rui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-R.H.); (B.L.); (Z.-X.L.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.-L.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Shi-Ze You
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Wei-Ling Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.-L.G.); (F.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.-L.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-R.H.); (B.L.); (Z.-X.L.)
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.-L.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhan-Xi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-R.H.); (B.L.); (Z.-X.L.)
| | - Peng-Hu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.-J.C.); (Z.-R.H.); (B.L.); (Z.-X.L.)
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113
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Panax quinquefolius Polysaccharides Ameliorate Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea Induced by Lincomycin Hydrochloride in Rats via the MAPK Signaling Pathways. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4126273. [PMID: 35345778 PMCID: PMC8957475 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4126273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is an herbal medicine with polysaccharides as its important active ingredient. The purpose of this research was to identify the effects of the polysaccharides of P. quinquefolius (WQP) on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) induced by lincomycin hydrochloride. WQP was primarily composed of galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The yield, total sugar content, uronic acid content, and protein content were 6.71%, 85.2%, 31.9%, and 2.1%, respectively. WQP reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the ileum and colon, reduced the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α levels, increased the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in colon tissues, improved the production of acetate and propionate, regulated the gut microbiota diversity and composition, improved the relative richness of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, and reduced the relative richness of Blautia and Coprococcus. The results indicated that WQP can enhance the recovery of the intestinal structure in rats, reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, improve short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, promote recovery of the gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier, and alleviate antibiotic-related side effects such as diarrhoea and microbiota dysbiosis caused by lincomycin hydrochloride. We found that WQP can protect the intestinal barrier by increasing Occludin and Claudin-1 expression. In addition, WQP inhibited the MAPK inflammatory signaling pathway to improve the inflammatory status. This study provides a foundation for the treatment of natural polysaccharides to reduce antibiotic-related side effects.
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114
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Cen K, Chen M, He M, Li Z, Song Y, Liu P, Jiang Q, Xu S, Jia Y, Shen P. Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganoderma lucidum Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer to Cisplatin by ROS/ERK Signaling and Attenuates Chemotherapy-Related Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826716. [PMID: 35264959 PMCID: PMC8900012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platinum-based chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin are the cornerstone of treatment for ovarian cancer, their clinical application is profoundly limited due to chemoresistance and severe adverse effects. Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SBSGL) have been reported to possess antitumor effects. However, the function and mechanism of SBSGL and its essential composition, ganoderic acid D (GAD), in the cisplatin therapy on ovarian cancer have yet to be investigated. Here, we investigated the combined effect of SBSGL and cisplatin in an ovarian tumor xenograft model. The results showed that combining SBSGL with cisplatin reduced tumor growth and ameliorated cisplatin-induced intestinal injury and myelosuppression. We also confirmed that GAD could enhance the therapeutic effect of cisplatin in SKOV3 and cisplatin-resistant SKOV3/DDP cells by increasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanistically, we proved that ROS-mediated ERK signaling inhibition played an important role in the chemo-sensitization effect of GAD on cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Taken together, combining SBSGL with cisplatin provides a novel therapeutic strategy against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Cen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengye He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Zhejiang Shouxiangu Botanical Drug Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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115
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Cai M, Tan Z, Wu X, Liang X, Liu Y, Xie Y, Li X, Xiao C, Gao X, Chen S, Hu H, Wu Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes and metabolic pathways involved in sporulation in Ganoderma lingzhi. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab448. [PMID: 35079793 PMCID: PMC8895980 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, Ganoderma lingzhi spores have received considerable attention as a great potential pharmaceutical resource. However, the genetic regulation of sporulation is not well understood. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the low-sporing HZ203 and high-sporing YW-1 was performed to characterize the mechanism underlying sporulation. A total of 917 differentially expressed genes were identified in HZ203 and 1,450 differentially expressed genes in YW-1. Differentially expressed genes involved in sporulation were identified, which included HOP1, Mek1, MSH4, MSH5, and Spo5 in meiosis. Positive regulatory pathways of sporulation were proposed as 2 transcriptional factors had high connectivity with MSH4 and Spo5. Furthermore, we found that the pathways associated with energy production were enriched in the high-sporing genotype, such as the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism. Finally, we performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis and found that the hub genes of the module which exhibit strong positive relationship with the high-sporing phase purportedly participate in signal transduction, carbohydrate transport and metabolism. The dissection of differentially expressed genes during sporulation extends our knowledge about the genetic and molecular networks mediating spore morphogenesis and sheds light on the importance of energy source during sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Liu J, Li J, Pu H, He W, Zhou X, Tong N, Peng L. Cardiac remodeling and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in adults with uncomplicated obesity: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:2035-2050. [PMID: 35284291 PMCID: PMC8899959 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity often exists alongside comorbidities and increases the risk of heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. However, the specific effects of obesity on cardiac structure and function have not been clarified. This study set out to evaluate left ventricular (LV) geometric and functional changes using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in adults with uncomplicated obesity. METHODS Forty-eight patients with uncomplicated obesity [body mass index (BMI) mean ± SD: 29.8±2.1 kg/m2] and 25 healthy controls were included in this study. CMR was used to assess LV geometry, global systolic function, and strains, and to quantify epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with obesity had increased LV size, mass, and myocardial thickness, and impaired myocardial contractility, with lower global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal peak strains (PS), and circumferential and longitudinal peak diastolic strain rates (PDSR; all P<0.05). Multivariable linear regression showed that BMI was independently associated with LV maximum myocardial thickness (LVMMT) (β=0.197, P=0.016). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was independently associated with LV global longitudinal PS (β=-2.684, P=0.001), and both longitudinal (β=-0.192, P=0.002) and circumferential (β=-0.165, P=0.014) PDSR. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was mildly correlated with BMI (r=0.327) and body fat percentage (BF%) (r=0.295) in patients with obesity (all P<0.05). HOMA-IR was independently associated with LV global circumferential PS (β=-0.276, P=0.04) and PDSR (β=-0.036, P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS Extensive LV geometric remodeling and marked changes in cardiac strains were observed in adults with obesity. Tissue tracking with CMR can reveal subclinical impaired ventricular function with preserved LV ejection fraction in such patients. BMI was independently related to LV remodeling in obesity. HOMA-IR and VAT are potentially superior to BMI as predictors of subclinical dysfunction, assessed by strain, in obesity. TRIAL REGISTRY This study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ID: ChiCTR1900026476; Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolism of obese patients based on smart phone software).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaxia Pu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenzhang He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pectic polysaccharides: Targeting gut microbiota in obesity and intestinal health. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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118
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Mustafa F, Chopra H, Baig AA, Avula SK, Kumari S, Mohanta TK, Saravanan M, Mishra AK, Sharma N, Mohanta YK. Edible Mushrooms as Novel Myco-Therapeutics: Effects on Lipid Level, Obesity and BMI. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:211. [PMID: 35205965 PMCID: PMC8880354 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, usually indicated by a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2, is a worsening global health issue. It leads to chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Conventional treatments for obesity include physical activity and maintaining a negative energy balance. However, physical activity alone cannot determine body weight as several other factors play a role in the overall energy balance. Alternatively, weight loss may be achieved by medication and surgery. However, these options can be expensive or have side effects. Therefore, dietary factors, including dietary modifications, nutraceutical preparations, and functional foods have been investigated recently. For example, edible mushrooms have beneficial effects on human health. Polysaccharides (essentially β-D-glucans), chitinous substances, heteroglycans, proteoglycans, peptidoglycans, alkaloids, lactones, lectins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, terpenes, phenols, nucleotides, glycoproteins, proteins, amino acids, antimicrobials, and minerals are the major bioactive compounds in these mushrooms. These bioactive compounds have chemo-preventive, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Consumption of edible mushrooms reduces plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and plasma glucose levels. Polysaccharides from edible mushrooms suppress mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, contributing to their anti-obesity properties. Therefore, edible mushrooms or their active ingredients may help prevent obesity and other chronic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Mustafa
- School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54782, Pakistan;
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (S.K.A.); (T.K.M.)
| | - Sony Kumari
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India;
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (S.K.A.); (T.K.M.)
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 8541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India;
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119
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Zhang J, Wang W, Li L, Yan J. Modulatory effects of polysaccharides from plants, marine algae and edible mushrooms on gut microbiota and related health benefits: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:169-192. [PMID: 35122806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers containing non-starch polysaccharides (NPs) are a class of biomacromolecules isolated from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms, and their biological activities has shown potential uses in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Importantly, NPs serve as prebiotics to provide health benefits to the host through stimulating the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The composition and diversity of GM play a critical role in regulating host health and have been extensively studied in recent years. In this review, the extraction, isolation, purification, and structural characterization of NPs derived from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms are outlined. Importantly, the degradation and metabolism of these NPs in the intestinal tract, the effects of NPs on the microbial community and SCFAs generation, and the beneficial effects of NPs on host health by modulating GM are systematically highlighted. Overall, we hope that this review can provide some theoretical references and a new perspective for applications of NPs as prebiotics in functional food and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jingkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Guo WL, Cao YJ, You SZ, Wu Q, Zhang F, Han JZ, Lv XC, Rao PF, Ai LZ, Ni L. Ganoderic acids-rich ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury and modulates intestinal microbiota in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:515-530. [PMID: 35281335 PMCID: PMC8913248 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public health problem threatening human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum possesses various excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the underlying protective effect and action mechanism of ganoderic acids-rich G. lucidum ethanol extract (GLE) on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Results showed that oral administration of GLE could obviously inhibit the abnormal increases of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and also significantly protect the liver against alcohol-induced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and pathological changes. In addition, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GLE through reducing the hepatic levels of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increasing the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Compared with the model group, GLE intervention significantly ameliorated the intestinal microbial disorder by elevating the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium_9, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, norank_f_Clostridiates_vadinBB60_group, GCA-900066225, Bilophila, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Hydrogenoanaerobacterium, but decreasing the proportion of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Furthermore, liver metabolomic profiling suggested that GLE intervention had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with excessive alcohol intake, especially the levels of some biomarkers involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Additionally, dietary supplementation with GLE significantly regulated the mRNA levels of key genes related to fatty acids metabolism, ethanol catabolism and inflammatory response in liver. Conclusively, these findings indicate that GLE has a potentially beneficial effect on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and may be developed as a promising functional food ingredient. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ethanol extract of Gaoderma lucidum (GLE) is rich in ganoderic acids. GLE ameliorated lipid metabolism, antioxidant function and inflammatory response in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Liver metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was performed to reveal the underlying hepatoprotective effect of GLE. GLE intervention alleviated alcoholic liver injury partly through regulating the “gut-liver-metabolite”axis. Hepatic gene transcriptions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation were remarkablyinfluenced by GLE intervention.
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121
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Lv Z, Liu R, Su K, Gu Y, Fang L, Fan Y, Gao J, Ruan X, Feng X. Acupuncture ameliorates breast cancer-related fatigue by regulating the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:921119. [PMID: 36093113 PMCID: PMC9449876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.921119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common side effect of chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC). Acupuncture treatment has an anti-fatigue effect and can regulate gut microbiota disturbance in fatigue patients. Related studies have shown that the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis is closely related to the occurrence of CRF. In this study, we first investigated the alterations of acupuncture on fatigue-like behavior, gut microbiota, gut inflammation and neuroinflammation response, gut barriers, HPA axis, and serum metabolomics in CRF mice after BC chemotherapy. Then, the correlation analysis of gut microbiota and other indicators was discussed. Our results showed that acupuncture treatment could exert an anti-fatigue effect and ameliorate the gut barrier, gut inflammation, neuroinflammation, and dysfunction of the HPA axis in CRF mice after chemotherapy for BC. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that acupuncture treatment could enhance the abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus, Lactobacillus, and Clostridia_UCG-014_unclassified and decrease the abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, and Streptococcus. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that acupuncture treatment could regulate the differential metabolites N-methylnicotinamide, beta-glycerophosphoric acid, geranyl acetoacetate, serotonin and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine, and beta-alanine metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis indicated that there are certain correlations between gut microbiota and gut inflammation, neuroinflammation, gut barrier, HPA axis function and serum metabolites. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the anti-fatigue mechanism of acupuncture treatment may be closely related to the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study also provided a new reference for basic and clinical research on CRF after breast cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Department of Breast surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiqi Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongfu Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Ruan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Feng,
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Martínez Y, Paredes J, Avellaneda MC, Botello A, Valdivié M. Diets with Ganoderma lucidum Mushroom Powder and Zinc-Bacitracin on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Lymphoid Organ Weights and Intestinal Characteristics in Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Botello
- Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres” de Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - M Valdivié
- Centro Nacional para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio, Cuba
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123
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Hong Y, Sheng L, Zhong J, Tao X, Zhu W, Ma J, Yan J, Zhao A, Zheng X, Wu G, Li B, Han B, Ding K, Zheng N, Jia W, Li H. Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a potent acetic acid-producing bacterium, attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-20. [PMID: 34125646 PMCID: PMC8205104 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1930874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence supports the use of prebiotics like herb-derived polysaccharides for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating gut microbiome. The present study was initiated on the microbiota-dependent anti-NAFLD effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) extracted from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of APS on NAFLD formation remain poorly understood.Co-housing experiment was used to assess the microbiota dependent anti-NAFLD effect of APS. Then, targeted metabolomics and metagenomics were adopted for determining short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bacteria that were specifically enriched by APS. Further in vitro experiment was carried out to test the capacity of SCFAs-producing of identified bacterium. Finally, the anti-NAFLD efficacy of identified bacterium was tested in HFD-fed mice.Our results first demonstrated the anti-NAFLD effect of APS in HFD-fed mice and the contribution of gut microbiota. Moreover, our results indicated that SCFAs, predominantly acetic acid were elevated in APS-supplemented mice and ex vivo experiment. Metagenomics revealed that D. vulgaris from Desulfovibrio genus was not only enriched by APS, but also a potent generator of acetic acid, which showed significant anti-NAFLD effects in HFD-fed mice. In addition, D. vulgaris modulated the hepatic gene expression pattern of lipids metabolism, particularly suppressed hepatic fatty acid synthase (FASN) and CD36 protein expression.Our results demonstrate that APS enriched D. vulgaris is effective on attenuating hepatic steatosis possibly through producing acetic acid, and modulation on hepatic lipids metabolism in mice. Further studies are warranted to explore the long-term impacts of D. vulgaris on host metabolism and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Ningning Zheng Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yan
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Liu’an, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China,Wei Jia School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Houkai Li Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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124
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Peng XR, Wang Q, Wang HR, Hu K, Xiong WY, Qiu MH. FPR2-based anti-inflammatory and anti-lipogenesis activities of novel meroterpenoid dimers from Ganoderma. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105338. [PMID: 34521045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four pairs of novel meroterpenoid dimers, (±)-applandimeric acids A-D (1-4) with an unprecedented spiro[furo[3,2-b]benzofuran-3,2'-indene] core were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. Their planar structures were unambiguously determined via extensive spectroscopic analysis. Their relative and absolute configurations were confirmed through calculated internuclear distance, coupling constant, 13C NMR with DP4 + analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Furthermore, the molecular docking-based method was used to evaluate their interaction with formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) associated with inflammation. Interestingly, (±)-applandimeric acid D (4) can bond with FPR2 by some key hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, an in vitro bioassay verified that 4 can inhibit the expression of FPR2 with IC50 value of 7.93 μM. In addition, compared to the positive control LiCl (20 mM), 4 showed comparable anti-lipogenesis activity at the concentration of 20 μM. Meanwhile, 4 can suppress the protein levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Thus, our findings indicate that compound 4 could be a lead compound to treat obesity and obesity-related diseases by inhibiting lipid accumulation in adipocyte and alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Rong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
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125
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Zaky A, Glastras SJ, Wong MYW, Pollock CA, Saad S. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diabetes and Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9641. [PMID: 34502562 PMCID: PMC8431784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive disorder, which is increasing globally in prevalence due to the increased incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Despite optimal clinical management, a significant number of patients with diabetes develop DKD. Hence, hitherto unrecognized factors are likely to be involved in the initiation and progression of DKD. An extensive number of studies have demonstrated the role of microbiota in health and disease. Dysregulation in the microbiota resulting in a deficiency of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionate, acetate, and butyrate, by-products of healthy gut microbiota metabolism, have been demonstrated in obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not clear to date whether such changes in the microbiota are causative or merely associated with the diseases. It is also not clear which microbiota have protective effects on humans. Few studies have investigated the centrality of reduced SCFA in DKD development and progression or the potential therapeutic effects of supplemental SCFAs on insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic changes. SCFA receptors are expressed in the kidneys, and emerging data have demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis activates the renal renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to the development of DKD. In this review, we will summarize the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and the kidney, examine the evidence for the role of gut dysbiosis in diabetes and obesity-related kidney disease, and explore the mechanisms involved. In addition, we will describe the role of potential therapies that modulate the gut microbiota to prevent or reduce kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad Zaky
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - May Y. W. Wong
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
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126
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Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become global epidemics, especially during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential of medicinal plants as a better and safe option in treating obesity and overweight has gained attention in recent years. Obesity and overweight has become a major public health concern, and its incidence rising at an alarming rate. Obesity is one of the major types of metabolic syndrome, resulting in various types of problems such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excess fat accumulation. The current searching was done by the keywords in main indexing systems including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, the search engine of Google Scholar, and Institute for Scientific Web of Science. The keywords were traditional medicine, health benefits, pharmaceutical science, pomegranate, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagitannins. Google Scholar was searched manually for possible missing manuscripts, and there was no language restriction in the search. This review was carried out to highlight the importance of medicinal plants which are common in traditional medicinal sciences of different countries, especially Asia to prevent and treatment of obesity and overweight during the global pandemic and the post-COVID-19 era.
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127
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Seweryn E, Ziała A, Gamian A. Health-Promoting of Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. Nutrients 2021; 13:2725. [PMID: 34444885 PMCID: PMC8400705 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds. One of the mushrooms commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine is Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. In Asian countries it is treated as a nutraceutical, whose regular consumption provides vitality and improves health. Ganoderma lucidum is an important source of biologically active compounds. The pharmacologically active fraction of polysaccharides has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antineurodegenerative and antidiabetic activities. In this review, we summarize the activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Seweryn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Ziała
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
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128
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Ren F, Meng C, Chen W, Chen H, Chen W. Ganoderma amboinense polysaccharide prevents obesity by regulating gut microbiota in high-fat-diet mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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129
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Zhang Y, Wu T, Li W, Zhao Y, Long H, Liu R, Sui W, Zhang M. Lactobacillus casei LC89 exerts antidiabetic effects through regulating hepatic glucagon response and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8288-8299. [PMID: 34308462 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous study suggests that Lactobacillus casei exhibits antihyperglycemic activity, however, the molecular mechanism of this has yet to be elucidated. Here, the anti-diabetic effects and underlying mechanisms of Lactobacillus casei LC89 are investigated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice, which was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) with streptozotocin (100 mg per kg BW). The results show that LC89 at a dose of 109 CFU day-1 decreases fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels by 35.12% and 28.37%, respectively, compared to the diabetes control (DC) group. Moreover, LC89 treatment improved the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), serum lipid profiles and inflammation cytokines. The real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that LC89 markedly downregulates the mRNA expression of hepatic glucagon (GCG), glucagon receptor (GCGR), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). Meanwhile, LC89 significantly decreases the abundance of Odoribacter, but increases the Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Ruminococcus content. Therefore, LC89 plays a positive role in alleviating T2DM by regulating gut microbiota and glucagon signal pathway-related genes, and it may be a beneficial dietary supplement to regulate glucose metabolism in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yunjiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hairong Long
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. and Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Wenjie Sui
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. and Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
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130
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Li Y, Liu H, Qi H, Tang W, Zhang C, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wei X, Kong Z, Jia S, Du B, Yuan J, Wang C, Li M. Probiotic fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body extracts promoted its immunostimulatory activity in mice with dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111909. [PMID: 34328088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a legendary traditional Chinese medicine with various bioactivities. This study was conducted (a) to explore the in vitro fermentation of the water extracts of G. lucidum fruiting body with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve and (b) to investigate the effect of fermentation broth (GLFB) on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Our results demonstrated that probiotic fermentation of G. lucidum fruiting body extracts underwent structural changing of major ganoderic acid components, such as ganoderic acid A (GA) into GC2, and this fermentation process involves changing of several metabolic pathways in the probiotic strains. GLFB could significantly improve the immunity, intestinal integrity, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in DEX-treated mice, and the immunostimulatory activity of GLFB was found closely related to its direct regulation on the expansion of CD4+ T cells in Peyer's patches of mice. These data implied that probiotic fermentation of G. lucidum fruiting body extracts promoted its immunostimulatory activity via biotransformation of components such as GA. This research provides a theoretical support for the development and application of G. lucidum fermentation by probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huawen Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaiyi Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yinhui Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Kong
- Hefei Kangchuntang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Shangyi Jia
- Hefei Kangchuntang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Borong Du
- People's Hospital of Jiuquan City, Gansu, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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131
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Guo T, Akan OD, Luo F, Lin Q. Dietary polysaccharides exert biological functions via epigenetic regulations: Advance and prospectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:114-124. [PMID: 34227906 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive substances derived from natural products are valued for effective health-related activities. As extremely important component of plants, animal cell membrane and microbes cytoderm, polysaccharides have been applied as medications, foods and cosmetics stemming from their prominent biological functions and minor side-effects. Recent studies indicate that polysaccharides exert biological effects also through epigenetic mechanism. Through the intervention of DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, polysaccharides participatate in regulation of immunity/inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant damage and anti-tumor, which presents novel mechanism of polysaccharide exerting various functions. In this review, the latest advances in the biological functions of dietary polysaccharides via epigenetic regulations were comprehensively summarized and discussed. From the view point of epigenetic regulation, investigating the relationship between polysaccharides and biological effects will enhance our understandings of polysaccharides and also means huge breakthrough of molecular mechanism in the polysaccharide research fields. The paper will provide important reference to these investigators of polysaccharide research and expand the applications of dietary polysaccharides in the functional food developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Otobong Donald Akan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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132
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Ganoderma lucidum: A potential source to surmount viral infections through β-glucans immunomodulatory and triterpenoids antiviral properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:769-779. [PMID: 34197853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive compounds and have been used as traditional medicine for ancient times. Massive demands of G. lucidum have fascinated the researchers towards its application as functional food, nutraceutical and modern medicine owing to wide range of application in various diseases include immunomodulators, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective. G. lucidum polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory properties through boosting the action of antigen-presenting cells, mononuclear phagocyte system, along with humoral and cellular immunity. β-Glucans isolated from G. lucidum are anticipated to produce an immune response through pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). β-Glucans after binding with dectin-1 receptor present on different cells include macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils produce signal transduction that lead to trigger the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), T cells and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that refer to cytokines production and contributing to immune response. While triterpenoids produce antiviral effects through inhibiting various enzymes like neuraminidase, HIV-protease, DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease and HSV multiplication. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids adjunct to other drugs exhibit potential action in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Immunomodulators and antiviral properties of this mushroom could be a potential source to overcome this current pandemic outbreak.
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Guo C, Guo D, Fang L, Sang T, Wu J, Guo C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Chen J, Chen R, Wang X. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide modulates gut microbiota and immune cell function to inhibit inflammation and tumorigenesis in colon. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118231. [PMID: 34119183 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the sporoderm-removed spores of Ganoderma lucidum (GLP) against AOM/DSS-induced inflammation, tumorigenesis, and gut microbiota modification, which has never been reported before. Our data revealed that GLP (200 and 300 mg/kg) decreased AOM/DSS-induced colitis and tumorigenesis, manifested by significantly reduced disease activity index score, and total number and size of tumors. Furthermore, GLP ameliorated AOM/DSS-induced microbiota dysbiosis, increased short-chain fatty acid production, and alleviated endotoxemia by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Besides, GLP profoundly improved gut barrier function as evidenced by increased numbers of goblet cells, MUC2 secretion, and tight junction protein expressions. GLP treatment inhibited macrophage infiltration and downregulated IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 expressions. Additionally, GLP inhibited lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation markers and MAPK (JNK and ERK) activation in macrophage RAW264.7, intestinal HT-29, and NCM460 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that GLP is a promising prebiotic for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tingting Sang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chengjie Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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