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Saijo S, Kuwano Y, Tange S, Rokutan K, Nishida K. A novel long non-coding RNA from the HOXA6-HOXA5 locus facilitates colon cancer cell growth. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:532. [PMID: 31159758 PMCID: PMC6547586 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homeobox A5 (HOXA5), a member of the HOX family, plays an important role in tumor development and morphogenesis, although opposite effects on tumorigenesis have been observed, depending on the tissue type. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of a novel transcript from the HOXA6-HOXA5 locus in colon cancer tumorigenesis. Methods Human colon cancer cell lines were analyzed using next generation sequencing-based targeted mRNA capture. The effects of overexpression and silencing of HOXA5 transcripts were evaluated in vitro and using a xenograft nude mouse model. Results We identified three novel transcripts (HOXA5 short, long 1, and long 2) transcribed from the HOXA6-HOXA5 locus in HCT116 colon cancer cells using next generation sequencing-based targeted mRNA capture. Knockdown of HOXA5 long 1 and long 2 transcripts did not affect cell growth, while selective silencing of HOXA5 short RNA inhibited cell growth independent of HOXA5 expression. Stable overexpression of HOXA5 short RNA promoted proliferation and migration of colon cancer cell lines HCT116, DLD1, and HT-29 and accelerated tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model. In vitro translation assays suggested HOXA5 short RNA was a functional long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Consistent with these observations, expression of HOXA5 short RNA was upregulated in advanced colon cancer tissues. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed genes between HOXA5 short RNA overexpressed and silenced HCT116 cells revealed that HOXA5 short RNA preferentially modified expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal-related genes. Western blot analysis demonstrated that stable overexpression of HOXA5 short RNA increased EGF receptor levels and facilitated its phosphorylation in both HCT116 cells and xenograft tumors. Conclusions Our results suggested that HOXA5 short RNA, a novel lncRNA, may play a crucial role in colon tumor growth through activation of EGF signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5715-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Saijo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kensei Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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102
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Li D, Bai Y, Feng Z, Li W, Yang C, Guo Y, Lin C, Zhang Y, He Q, Hu G, Li X. Study of Promoter Methylation Patterns of HOXA2, HOXA5, and HOXA6 and Its Clinicopathological Characteristics in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:394. [PMID: 31165042 PMCID: PMC6536611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on DNA methylation offers great potential for the identification of biomarkers that can be applied for accurately assessing an individual's risk for cancer. In this article, we try to find the ideal epigenetic genes involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) based on a CRC database and our CRC cohort. The top 20 genes with an extremely high frequency of hypermethylation in CRC were identified in the latest database. Remarkably, 3 HOXA genes were included in this list and ranked at the top. The percentage of methylation in the HOXA5, HOXA2, and HOXA6 genes in CRC were up to 67.62, 58.36, and 31.32%, respectively, and ranked first in CRC among all human tumor tissues. Paired colorectal tumor samples and adjacent non-tumor colorectal tissue samples and four CRC cell lines were selected for MethylTarget™ assays. The results demonstrated that CRC tissues and cells had a stronger methylation status around the 3 HOXA gene promoter regions compared with adjacent non-tumor colonic tissue samples. The Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) curves for HOXA genes show excellent diagnostic ability in distinguishing tissue from healthy individuals and CRC patients, especially for Stage I patients (AUC = 0.9979 in HOXA2, 0.9309 in HOXA5, and 0.8025 in HOXA6). An association analysis between the methylation pattern of HOXA genes and clinical indicators was performed and found that HOXA2 methylation was significantly associated with age, N, stage, M, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node number. HOXA5 methylation was associated with age, T, M, stage, and tumor status, and HOXA6 methylation was associated with age and KRAS mutation. Notably, we found that the highest methylation of HOXA5 and HOXA2 occurs in the early stages of colorectal cancer tissues such as stage I, N0, MO, and non-invasive tissues. The methylation levels declined as tumors progressed. However, methylation level at any stage of the tumor was still significantly higher than in normal tissues (p < 0.0001). The mRNA of the 3 HOXA genes was downregulated in early tumor stages due to hypermethylation of CpG islands adjacent to the promoters of the genes. In addition, hypermethylation of HOXA5 and HOXA6 mainly occurred in patients < 60 years old and with MSI-L, MSS, CIMP.L and non-CIMP tumors. Together, this suggests that epigenetic silencing of 3 adjacent HOXA genes may be an important event in the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicai Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihang Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanyong He
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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103
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Hirata A, Hatano Y, Niwa M, Hara A, Tomita H. Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:413-420. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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104
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MEK inhibitors activate Wnt signalling and induce stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31097693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐019‐09898‐0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is essential for tumorigenesis and maintenance of cancer stem cells. However, how other oncogenic pathways converge on Wnt signalling to modulate stem cell homeostasis in CRC currently remains poorly understood. Using large-scale compound screens in CRC, we identify MEK1/2 inhibitors as potent activators of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Targeting MEK increases Wnt activity in different CRC cell lines and murine intestine in vivo. Truncating mutations of APC generated by CRISPR/Cas9 strongly synergize with MEK inhibitors in enhancing Wnt responses in isogenic CRC models. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that MEK inhibition induces a rapid downregulation of AXIN1. Using patient-derived CRC organoids, we show that MEK inhibition leads to increased Wnt activity, elevated LGR5 levels and enrichment of gene signatures associated with stemness and cancer relapse. Our study demonstrates that clinically used MEK inhibitors inadvertently induce stem cell plasticity, revealing an unknown side effect of RAS pathway inhibition.
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105
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MEK inhibitors activate Wnt signalling and induce stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2197. [PMID: 31097693 PMCID: PMC6522484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is essential for tumorigenesis and maintenance of cancer stem cells. However, how other oncogenic pathways converge on Wnt signalling to modulate stem cell homeostasis in CRC currently remains poorly understood. Using large-scale compound screens in CRC, we identify MEK1/2 inhibitors as potent activators of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Targeting MEK increases Wnt activity in different CRC cell lines and murine intestine in vivo. Truncating mutations of APC generated by CRISPR/Cas9 strongly synergize with MEK inhibitors in enhancing Wnt responses in isogenic CRC models. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that MEK inhibition induces a rapid downregulation of AXIN1. Using patient-derived CRC organoids, we show that MEK inhibition leads to increased Wnt activity, elevated LGR5 levels and enrichment of gene signatures associated with stemness and cancer relapse. Our study demonstrates that clinically used MEK inhibitors inadvertently induce stem cell plasticity, revealing an unknown side effect of RAS pathway inhibition. Wnt signaling is necessary for colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and stem cell maintenance. Here, the authors identify MEK1/2 inhibitors as potent activators of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and show that clinically approved MEK inhibitors inadvertently induce stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer
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106
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Bai Y, Yang C, Wu R, Huang L, Song S, Li W, Yan P, Lin C, Li D, Zhang Y. YTHDF1 Regulates Tumorigenicity and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Activity in Human Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:332. [PMID: 31131257 PMCID: PMC6509179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
YTH N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) is a core factor in RNA methylation modification. Recent studies have shown that m6A is closely related to multiple tumors, thus YTHDF1 may also play a role in tumorigenesis. This study, aimed to explore the role of YTHDF1 in the colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we identified YTHDF1 as being highly expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in TCGA, GEO CRC and primary CRC. Furthermore, the YTHDF1 gene copy number was positively correlated with YTHDF1 mRNA expression in CRC. Knocking down the expression of YTHDF1 significantly inhibited the CRC cell's tumorigenicity in vitro and murine xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, silencing of YTHDF1 inhibited the colonosphere formation ability in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that silencing YTHDF1 significantly inhibited Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in CRC cells. Together, YTHDF1 is overexpressed in CRC and plays a vital oncogenic role in CRC, and this novel finding may provide a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runliu Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenlei Song
- Center for Medical Experiments, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peichen Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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107
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Jing JC, Feng Z, Chen ZH, Ji BN, Hong J, Tang N, Yu JL, Wang SY. KDM4B promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating miR-125b-mediated activation of Wnt signaling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7897-7906. [PMID: 30485532 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the aberrant expression of histone-modifying enzymes such as histone demethylases contributes to gastric carcinogenesis and progression. The role of KDM4B in cancer progression has been gradually revealed. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating gastric cancer metastasis of KDM4B remain unclear. In the present study we determined KDM4B expression in gastric cancer and its biologic function in vitro and in vivo. We found that KDM4B expression was significantly increased in most gastric cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Upregulated expression of KDM4B in human gastric cancer was correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro, KDM4B overexpression in AGS cells promoted cell invasion, whereas knockdown of KDM4B inhibited cell invasion. Furthermore, KDM4B overexpression also promoted tumor metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, KDM4B upregulated miR-125b expression and activated Wnt signaling pathway. More important, miR-125b partially mediated KDM4B-induced activation of Wnt signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that KDM4B promoted gastric cancer cell invasion in vitro and cancer metastasis in vivo, at least in part, by upregulating miR-125b expression. These data provided novel insights on the role of KDM4B-driven gastric cancer metastasis and indicated that KDM4B may be served as a potential target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Na Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Ling Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xu Hui District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
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108
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Ghosh N, Hossain U, Mandal A, Sil PC. The Wnt signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target against cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1443:54-74. [PMID: 31017675 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway is well documented in several cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and maintenance of the stem cell niche. The very first indication that aberrant Wnt signaling can cause carcinogenesis came from a finding that the mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) predisposes a person to colorectal carcinoma. Later, with progressing research it became clear that abnormal activation or mutation of the genes related to this pathway could drive tumorigenesis. Here, we review recent advances in research regarding Wnt signaling regulation and its role in several cancer subtypes. Additionally, the utility of Wnt pathway-targeted cancer therapy intervention is also highlighted, with an overview of current approaches to target the Wnt pathway in oncogenesis and the future scopes and challenges associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyel Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Uday Hossain
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ankita Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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109
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Burgueño JF, Lang JK, Santander AM, Fernández I, Fernández E, Zaias J, Abreu MT. Fluid supplementation accelerates epithelial repair during chemical colitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215387. [PMID: 31002683 PMCID: PMC6474653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis is a common animal model of inflammatory bowel disease that causes pain and distress. In this study, we aimed to determine whether fluid supplementation can be used as a welfare-based intervention to minimize animal suffering. C57Bl/6 females undergoing acute colitis by administration of 3% DSS in drinking water were supplemented with 1 mL intraperitoneal injections of NaCl and compared to non-supplemented control mice. Mouse behavior and locomotive activity were assessed on days 5–6 after DSS initiation by means of tail suspension, novel object recognition and open field activity tests. Mice were euthanized after either the acute (day 7) or the recovery phase (day 12) of colitis and inflammation, epithelial proliferation, and differentiation were assessed by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and western blot. We found that fluid-supplemented mice had reduced signs of colitis with no alterations in behavior or locomotive activity. Furthermore, we observed an accelerated epithelial repair response after fluid hydration during the acute phase of colitis, characterized by increased crypt proliferation, activation of ERK1/2, and modulation of TGF-β1 expression. Consistent with these findings, fluid-supplemented mice had increased numbers of goblet cells, upregulated expression of differentiation markers for absorptive enterocytes, and reduced inflammation during the recovery phase. Our results show that fluid hydration does not reduce stress in DSS-treated mice but alters colitis evolution by reducing clinical signs and accelerating epithelial repair. These results argue against the routine use of fluid supplementation in DSS-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Burgueño
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami–Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica K. Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami–Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Santander
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami–Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Irina Fernández
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami–Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ester Fernández
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Zaias
- Division of Veterinary Resources, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami–Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami–Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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110
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Li B, Huang Q, Wei GH. The Role of HOX Transcription Factors in Cancer Predisposition and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040528. [PMID: 31013831 PMCID: PMC6520925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors, encoded by a subset of homeodomain superfamily genes, play pivotal roles in many aspects of cellular physiology, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. Findings over the past decade have revealed that mutations in HOX genes can lead to increased cancer predisposition, and HOX genes might mediate the effect of many other cancer susceptibility factors by recognizing or executing altered genetic information. Remarkably, several lines of evidence highlight the interplays between HOX transcription factors and cancer risk loci discovered by genome-wide association studies, thereby gaining molecular and biological insight into cancer etiology. In addition, deregulated HOX gene expression impacts various aspects of cancer progression, including tumor angiogenesis, cell autophagy, proliferation, apoptosis, tumor cell migration, and metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the fundamental roles of HOX genes in cancer susceptibility and progression, highlighting multiple molecular mechanisms of HOX involved gene misregulation, as well as their potential implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qilai Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
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111
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A Case of Identity: HOX Genes in Normal and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040512. [PMID: 30974862 PMCID: PMC6521190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into many different cell types. Their function is controlled by core gene networks whose misregulation can result in aberrant stem cell function and defects of regeneration or neoplasia. HOX genes are master regulators of cell identity and cell fate during embryonic development. They play a crucial role in embryonic stem cell differentiation into specific lineages and their expression is maintained in adult stem cells along differentiation hierarchies. Aberrant HOX gene expression is found in several cancers where they can function as either oncogenes by sustaining cell proliferation or tumor-suppressor genes by controlling cell differentiation. Emerging evidence shows that abnormal expression of HOX genes is involved in the transformation of adult stem cells into cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells have been identified in most malignancies and proved to be responsible for cancer initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we consider the role of HOX genes in normal and cancer stem cells and discuss how the modulation of HOX gene function could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies that target cancer stem cells to halt tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment.
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112
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Targeting cancer stem cells as therapeutic approach in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:75-83. [PMID: 30818083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers globally. A large portion of colorectal cancer patients who are treated with conventional chemotherapy eventually develop local recurrence or metastases. The failure of a complete cure in colorectal cancer patients may be related to the lack of complete eradication of cancer stem cells when using conventional therapy. Colorectal cancer stem cells comprise a small population of tumor cells that possess the properties of rapid proliferation and differentiation. The colorectal cancer stem cells are also phenotypically and molecularly distinct, and resistant to conventional chemo-radiotherapy. Therefore, it is important to identify approaches in combination with conventional therapy for targeting and eradicating cancer cells. The aim of this review was to summarize the main findings of recent studies on targeting colorectal cancer stem cells as a novel therapeutic approach in colorectal cancer treatment.
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113
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Wei F, Zhang T, Deng SC, Wei JC, Yang P, Wang Q, Chen ZP, Li WL, Chen HC, Hu H, Cao J. PD-L1 promotes colorectal cancer stem cell expansion by activating HMGA1-dependent signaling pathways. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:1-13. [PMID: 30776481 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1 is critical for tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting T cell function via the PD-1 receptor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies might potently enhance antitumor effects in various tumors, but the effect of PD-L1 on colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains unclear. We observed high PD-L1 expression in CD133+CD44+ colorectal CSCs and CSC-enriched tumorspheres. Altering PD-L1 expression promoted colorectal CSC self-renewal by increasing the expression of stemness genes, the CD133+CD44+ cell population sizes and the ability to form tumorspheres. Additionally, PD-L1 expression was markedly increased in chemoresistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, PD-L1 enhanced CRC cell tumorigenicity in nude mice; the inoculation of 1 × 104 cells resulted in high tumor formation efficiency. Mechanistically, PD-L1 directly interacted with HMGA1, and HMGA1 upregulation by PD-L1 activated HMGA1-dependent pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways, and promoted CSC expansion. HMGA1 downregulation rescued the PD-L1-induced phenotypes, highlighting the role of HMGA1 in PD-L1-mediated colorectal CSC self-renewal. Moreover, PD-L1 expression was correlated with the expression of CSC markers and HMGA1 in clinical CRC specimens. Thus, PD-L1 could crucially contribute to the maintenance of CSC self-renewal by activating HMGA1-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Shu-Chou Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jian-Chang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zhuan-Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Wang-Lin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hua-Cui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - He Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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Wang J, Yu XF, OUYang N, Luo QL, Zhao SY, Guan XF, Chen T, Li JX. Multi-platform analysis of methylation-regulated genes in human lung adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:37-45. [PMID: 30626254 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1551645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent pathological type of lung cancer that has a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. DNA methylation plays a critical role in various biological processes during development, while dysregulation results in pathological consequences. Thus, this study aimed to identify DNA methylation-regulated genes involved in LUAD occurrence. Initially, 300 downregulated and 168 upregulated mRNA expression levels were identified in two databases: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, GEO was utilized to detect 243 DNA hyper-methylated sites. Based on our observations, it was possible to correlate downregulation of mRNA expression and DNA hyper-methylation of six genes (ABCA3, COX7A1, HOXA5, SLIT3, SOX17, and SPARCL1). Functional analysis of the six genes indicated that these genes are predominantly enriched in cancer-related pathways and may promote carcinogenesis by regulating epithelialmesenchymal transition processes. In conclusion, our study identified a panel of DNA methylation-regulated genes involved in LUAD and may serve as potential epigenetic markers for this type of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yu
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Nan OUYang
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Qiu-Lin Luo
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhao
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xi-Fei Guan
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Tao Chen
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jian-Xiang Li
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
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115
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Hirata A, Hatano Y, Niwa M, Hara A, Tomita H. Heterogeneity of Colon Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1139:115-126. [PMID: 31134498 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14366-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have attracted a great deal of interest because of their potential clinical implications in a range of cancers, including CRC. CSCs were initially considered to be cell populations with well-defined phenotypic and molecular characteristics. However, accumulating evidence suggests that CSCs represent a phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous population. Recent studies also demonstrate colorectal CSCs to be dynamic rather than static populations that are continuously altered by various extrinsic factors in addition to intrinsic cellular factors such as genetic and epigenetic alterations. Thus, CSCs do not represent a fixed target population any longer, and their heterogeneous and dynamic nature present a serious problem in establishing specific therapeutic strategies. This chapter summarizes past and current literature related to CSC population heterogeneity and dynamics in CRC tissues, including evidence of the presence of distinct CSC subpopulations and signaling pathways and intra- and extra-tumoral factors involved in the regulation of CSCs in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Science Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan.
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Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling plays an important role in embryonic development and homeostasis of many tissues. At the cellular level, activation of RAR signaling often induces cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in many types of cells. Consequently, loss of normal RAR function in the presence of physiological levels of retinoic acid (RA) is often observed in cancers, and pharmacological reactivation of RAR signaling has been considered a promising strategy for cancer therapy and prevention. One of important mechanisms that regulate RAR activity in cancer cells is cross-talk with growth factor signaling, where activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a major role in suppressing RAR transcriptional activity downstream of growth factor receptors. Conversely, strong activation of RAR can induce suppression of ERK activity by inducing expression of a phosphatase specific for ERK to exert tumor-suppressive activity in colorectal cancer. Here, we describe the basic methods to analyze interactions between RAR and ERK signaling in colorectal cancer cells.
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117
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Galluzzi L, Spranger S, Fuchs E, López-Soto A. WNT Signaling in Cancer Immunosurveillance. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:44-65. [PMID: 30220580 PMCID: PMC7001864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated WNT signaling has been shown to favor malignant transformation, tumor progression, and resistance to conventional cancer therapy in a variety of preclinical and clinical settings. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant WNT signaling may also subvert cancer immunosurveillance, hence promoting immunoevasion and resistance to multiple immunotherapeutics, including immune checkpoint blockers. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which WNT signaling influences cancer immunosurveillance and present potential therapeutic avenues to harness currently available WNT modulators for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Stefani Spranger
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo. Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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118
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Mutant p53-dependent mitochondrial metabolic alterations in a mesenchymal stem cell-based model of progressive malignancy. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1566-1581. [PMID: 30413783 PMCID: PMC6748146 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that malignant transformation is associated with unique metabolism. Malignant transformation involves a variety of cellular pathways that are associated with initiation and progression of the malignant process that remain to be deciphered still. Here we used a mouse model of mutant p53 that presents a stepwise progressive transformation of adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). While the established parental p53Mut-MSCs induce tumors, the parental p53WT-MSCs that were established in parallel, did not. Furthermore, tumor lines derived from the parental p53Mut-MSCs (p53Mut-MSC-TLs), exhibited yet a more aggressive transformed phenotype, suggesting exacerbation in tumorigenesis. Metabolic tracing of these various cell types, indicated that while malignant transformation is echoed by a direct augmentation in glycolysis, the more aggressive p53Mut-MSC-TLs demonstrate increased mitochondrial oxidation that correlates with morphological changes in mitochondria mass and function. Finally, we show that these changes are p53Mut-dependent. Computational transcriptional analysis identified a mitochondrial gene signature specifically downregulated upon knock/out of p53Mut in MSC-TLs. Our results suggest that stem cells exhibiting different state of malignancy are also associated with a different quantitative and qualitative metabolic profile in a p53Mut-dependent manner. This may provide important insights for cancer prognosis and the use of specific metabolic inhibitors in a personalized designed cancer therapy.
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119
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Jiang W, Yang W, Yuan L, Liu F. Upregulation of AKIP1 contributes to metastasis and progression and predicts poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6795-6801. [PMID: 30349312 PMCID: PMC6188170 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s151952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A kinase-interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) has been reported to play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the clinicopathological and biological roles of AKIP1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate AKIP1 protein expression in CRC and determine the correlation between AKIP1 protein expression and clinicopathological features, as well as prognosis in CRC patients. Materials and methods AKIP1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarrays of CRC. We also used an siRNA approach to knock down AKIP1 expression and determine the effect of AKIP1 on CRC cell migration by transwell analysis. Results AKIP1 expression in CRC tissue was significantly higher compared with that of noncancerous colorectal mucosa (P<0.001). Further analysis showed that AKIP1 expression was significantly associated with tumor diameter, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with a positive AKIP1 expression had significantly poorer overall survival rates when compared with those with negative AKIP1 expression (P=0.031). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model, however, revealed that AKIP1 expression was not a significant independent prognostic factor for CRC. Transwell assay showed that the migration potential of si-AKIP1-transfected cells was significantly reduced when compared with control cells. Conclusion Elevated AKIP1 expression may contribute to metastasis and progression of CRC. Moreover, high AKIP1 expression in CRC significantly correlated with a patient’s shorter survival time. Therefore, AKIP1 may be a useful prognostic marker for CRC and a promising novel target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Weiji Yang
- Graduate Student Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Fanlong Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
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Yang C, Xu W, Meng X, Zhou S, Zhang M, Cui D. SCC-S2 Facilitates Tumor Proliferation and Invasion via Activating Wnt Signaling and Depressing Hippo Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Predicts Poor Prognosis of Patients. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:65-75. [PMID: 30216108 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418799957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SCC-S2 overexpression has been implicated in several human cancers, its correlation with prognosis and the mechanism how it reserved biological roles are still uncertain. The current study demonstrated that, in 142 archived colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissue samples, SCC-S2 expression was significantly correlated with higher histological grade ( p=0.001), tumor invasion ( p=0.001), advanced Dukes staging ( p=0.002), positive regional lymph node metastasis ( p=0.024), and poor overall survival ( p<0.001). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and Transwell assays showed that SCC-S2 significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion. SCC-S2 expression was also accompanied by the overexpression CyclinD1, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), active-β-catenin, yes-associated protein (YAP), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as well as the depression of p-large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (p-LATS1) and p-YAP. Moreover, SCC-S2 interacted and colocalized with LATS1, the interaction may interrupt Hippo signaling and thereafter activate canonical Wnt signaling. In conclusion, our data suggested that SCC-S2 was associated with the progression and unfavorable prognosis of CRCs. Meanwhile, SCC-S2 facilitated canonical Wnt signaling and its downstream effectors (CyclinD1, MMP-7) and promoted tumor proliferation and invasion, which depended on the inhibition of Hippo signaling induced by SCC-S2-LATS1 interaction. These results indicated that SCC-S2 might be used as a novel target for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjia Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weixue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxu Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cheng CC, Lin HC, Tsai KJ, Chiang YW, Lim KH, Chen CGS, Su YW, Peng CL, Ho AS, Huang L, Chang YC, Lin HC, Chang J, Chang YF. Epidermal growth factor induces STAT1 expression to exacerbate the IFNr-mediated PD-L1 axis in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cancers. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1588-1598. [PMID: 30035369 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) overexpressed in many cancers, including lung and head and neck cancers, and is involved in cancer cell progression and survival. PD-L1, increases in tumor cells to evade and inhibit CD8+ T cells, is a clinical immunotherapeutic target. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of EGF on regulating PD-L1 in EGFR-positive cancers and determined potential agents to reduce PD-L1 expression. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to determine potential driver genes that regulate PD-L1 in tumor cells-derived tumorspheres which mimicking cancer stem cells. Then, the specific inhibitors targeting EGFR were applied to reduce the expression of PD-L1 in vitro and in vivo. We validated that EGF could induce PD-L1 expression in the selected EGFR-positive cancers. RNAseq results revealed that STAT1 increased as a driver gene in KOSC-3-derived tumorspheres; these data were analyzed using PANTHER followed by NetworkAnalyst. The blockade of EGFR by afatinib resulted in decreased STAT1 and IRF-1 levels, both are transcriptional factors of PD-L1, and disabled the IFNr-STAT1-mediated PD-L1 axis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, STAT1 knockdown significantly reduced EGF-mediated PD-L1 expression, and ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, significantly inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation to reduce the IFNr-mediated PD-L1 axis. These results indicate that EGF exacerbates PD-L1 by increasing the protein levels of STAT1 to enforce the IFNr-JAK1/2-mediated signaling axis in selected EGFR-positive cancers. The inhibition of EGFR by afatinib significantly reduced PD-L1 and may be a potential strategy for enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaun-Jer Tsai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Hong Lim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Caleb Gon-Shen Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Su
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chau Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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PRSS8 suppresses colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 38:497-517. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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123
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STAT3 exacerbates survival of cancer stem-like tumorspheres in EGFR-positive colorectal cancers: RNAseq analysis and therapeutic screening. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:60. [PMID: 30068339 PMCID: PMC6090986 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells are capable of undergoing cell division after surviving cancer therapies, leading to tumor progression and recurrence. Inhibitory agents against cancer stem cells may be therapeutically used for efficiently eradicating tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the relevant driver genes that maintain cancer stemness in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to discover effective therapeutic agents against these genes. Methods In this study, EGFR-positive cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells were used as study models for in vitro inductions. To identify the differential genes that maintain CSLCs, RNAseq analysis was conducted followed by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, a panel containing 172 therapeutic agents targeting the various pathways of stem cells was used to identify effective therapeutics against CSLCs. Results RNAseq analysis revealed that 654 and 840 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the HCT116 CSLCs. Among these genes, notably, platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were relevant according to the cancer pathway analyzed using NetworkAnalyst. Furthermore, therapeutic screening revealed that the agents targeting STAT3 and Wnt signaling pathways were efficient in reducing the cell viabilities of both HCT116 and HT29 cells. Consequently, we discovered that STAT3 inhibition using homoharringtonine and STAT3 knockdown significantly reduced the formation and survival of HT29-derived tumorspheres. We also observed that STAT3 phosphorylation was regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce PDGFA and Wnt signaling cascades. Conclusions We identified the potential genes involved in tumorsphere formation and survival in selective EGFR-positive CRCs. The results reveal that the EGF-STAT3 signaling pathway promotes and maintains CRC stemness. In addition, a crosstalk between STAT3 and Wnt activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is also responsible for cancer stemness. Thus, STAT3 is a putative therapeutic target for CRC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0456-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Peng X, Zha L, Chen A, Wang Z. HOXA5 is a tumor suppressor gene that is decreased in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1317-1329. [PMID: 30015922 PMCID: PMC6072397 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expression of homeobox A5 (HOXA5) has been observed in breast and colon cancer; however, the clinical significance of HOXA5 in gastric cancer (GC) is not yet clear. In this study, we found that HOXA5 expression was decreased in GC tissues at the mRNA and protein level compared with paracancerous tissues using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis confirmed that the underexpression of HOXA5 was associated with GC progression and indicated a poor prognosis of patients with GC. Given that proliferation‑related genes may be potential target genes of HOXA5, we performed a series of experiments in vitro to examine the effects of HOXA5 on the proliferation of GC cells. A CCK‑8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry revealed that HOXA5 inhibited the abnormal proliferation of GC cells, and this finding was further supported by a 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Further mechanistic investigation clarified that HOXA5 promoted the protein expression of p21 and inhibited the protein expression of c‑Myc and Ki67. Additionally, the use of nude mouse models also verified that HOXA5 suppressed the proliferation of GC cells in vivo. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that HOXA5 acts as a tumor suppressor gene during the development and progresion of GC, possibly functioning by inhibiting the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Peng
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Lang Zha
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
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Yosefzon Y, Soteriou D, Feldman A, Kostic L, Koren E, Brown S, Ankawa R, Sedov E, Glaser F, Fuchs Y. Caspase-3 Regulates YAP-Dependent Cell Proliferation and Organ Size. Mol Cell 2018; 70:573-587.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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126
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Cheng S, Qian F, Huang Q, Wei L, Fu Y, Du Y. HOXA4, down-regulated in lung cancer, inhibits the growth, motility and invasion of lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:465. [PMID: 29700285 PMCID: PMC5919915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of HOXA4 in colorectal cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer has been reported. Although it has been reported that the Hoxa4 gene is involved in the patterning of the mouse lung during embryonic development, little is known about the biological functions of HOXA4 in lung cancer. In the current study, HOXA4 expression was down-regulated in lung cancer tissues when compared with non-cancerous tissues. HOXA4 expression was associated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that HOXA4 expression was negatively correlated with cell cycle, metastasis, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, HOXA4 overexpression in lung cancer cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. HOXA4 decreased the protein expression levels of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, c-Myc and Survivin, indicating the inhibition of Wnt signaling. HOXA4 significantly increased the protein and mRNA levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) by promoting its transcription. Furthermore, inhibition of GSK3β by LiCl abolished the suppression of cell growth, migration, and invasion mediated by HOXA4. Overexpression of HOXA4 in xenograft tumors also decreased tumor growth and Wnt signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that HOXA4 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in lung cancer, and its overexpression could inhibit lung cancer progression in part by promoting GSK3β transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Cheng
- Department of Thoracic-cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Lauber C, Klink B, Seifert M. Comparative analysis of histologically classified oligodendrogliomas reveals characteristic molecular differences between subgroups. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:399. [PMID: 29631562 PMCID: PMC5892046 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular data of histologically classified oligodendrogliomas are available offering the possibility to stratify these human brain tumors into clinically relevant molecular subtypes. Methods Gene copy number, mutation, and expression data of 193 histologically classified oligodendrogliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed by well-established computational approaches (unsupervised clustering, statistical testing, network inference). Results We applied hierarchical clustering to tumor gene copy number profiles and revealed three molecular subgroups within histologically classified oligodendrogliomas. We further screened these subgroups for molecular glioma markers (1p/19q co-deletion, IDH mutation, gain of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10) and found that our subgroups largely resemble known molecular glioma subtypes. We excluded glioblastoma-like tumors (7a10d subgroup) and derived a gene expression signature distinguishing histologically classified oligodendrogliomas with concurrent 1p/19q co-deletion and IDH mutation (1p/19q subgroup) from those with predominant IDH mutation alone (IDHme subgroup). Interestingly, many signature genes were part of signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell-cell contacts. We further learned a gene regulatory network associated with the gene expression signature revealing novel putative major regulators with functions in cytoskeleton remodeling (e.g. APBB1IP, VAV1, ARPC1B), apoptosis (CCNL2, CREB3L1), and neural development (e.g. MYTIL, SCRT1, MEF2C) potentially contributing to the manifestation of differences between both subgroups. Moreover, we revealed characteristic expression differences of several HOX and SOX transcription factors suggesting the activity of different glioma stemness programs in both subgroups. Conclusions We show that gene copy number profiles alone are sufficient to derive molecular subgroups of histologically classified oligodendrogliomas that are well-embedded into general glioma classification schemes. Moreover, our revealed novel putative major regulators and characteristic stemness signatures indicate that different developmental programs might be active in these subgroups, providing a basis for future studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4251-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Lauber
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany.
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128
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Cimino PJ, Kim Y, Wu HJ, Alexander J, Wirsching HG, Szulzewsky F, Pitter K, Ozawa T, Wang J, Vazquez J, Arora S, Rabadan R, Levine R, Michor F, Holland EC. Increased HOXA5 expression provides a selective advantage for gain of whole chromosome 7 in IDH wild-type glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2018; 32:512-523. [PMID: 29632085 PMCID: PMC5959235 DOI: 10.1101/gad.312157.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cimino et al. developed an unbiased bioinformatics approach that identified homeobox A5 (HOXA5) as a gene whose expression correlated with gain of chromosome 7 and a more aggressive phenotype of the resulting glioma. HOXA5 overexpression promoted cellular proliferation and potentiated radioresistance. Glioblastoma is the most frequently occurring and invariably fatal primary brain tumor in adults. The vast majority of glioblastomas is characterized by chromosomal copy number alterations, including gain of whole chromosome 7 and loss of whole chromosome 10. Gain of whole chromosome 7 is an early event in gliomagenesis that occurs in proneural-like precursor cells, which give rise to all isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma transcriptional subtypes. Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) is one gene on chromosome 7 known to drive gliomagenesis, but, given its location near the end of 7p, there are likely several other genes located along chromosome 7 that select for its increased whole-chromosome copy number within glioblastoma cells. To identify other potential genes that could select for gain of whole chromosome 7, we developed an unbiased bioinformatics approach that identified homeobox A5 (HOXA5) as a gene whose expression correlated with gain of chromosome 7 and a more aggressive phenotype of the resulting glioma. High expression of HOXA5 in glioblastoma was associated with a proneural gene expression pattern and decreased overall survival in both human proneural and PDGF-driven mouse glioblastoma. Furthermore, HOXA5 overexpression promoted cellular proliferation and potentiated radioresistance. We also found enrichment of HOXA5 expression in recurrent human and mouse glioblastoma at first recurrence after radiotherapy. Overall, this study implicates HOXA5 as a chromosome 7-associated gene-level locus that promotes selection for gain of whole chromosome 7 and an aggressive phenotype in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Cimino
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jes Alexander
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ken Pitter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Julio Vazquez
- Division of Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ross Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,The Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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129
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Li P, Feng C, Chen H, Jiang Y, Cao F, Liu J, Liu P. Elevated CRB3 expression suppresses breast cancer stemness by inhibiting β-catenin signalling to restore tamoxifen sensitivity. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3423-3433. [PMID: 29602199 PMCID: PMC6010813 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a first‐line drug for hormone therapy (HT) in oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer patients. However, 20% to 30% of those patients are resistant to tamoxifen treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated as one of the mechanisms responsible for tamoxifen resistance. Our previous study indicated that decreased expression of the CRB3 gene confers stem cell characteristics to breast cancer cells. In the current investigation, we found that most of the breast cancer patient tissues resistant to tamoxifen were negative for CRB3 protein and positive for β‐catenin protein, in contrast to their matched primary tumours by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, expression of CRB3 mRNA and protein was low, while expression of β‐catenin mRNA and protein was high in tamoxifen resistance cells (LCC2 and T47D TamR) contrast to their corresponding cell lines MCF7 and T47D. Similarly, CRB3 overexpression markedly restored the tamoxifen sensitivity of TamR cells by the MTT viability assay. Finally, we found that CRB3 suppressed the stemness of TamR cells by inhibiting β‐catenin signalling, which may in turn lead to a decrease in the breast cancer cell population. Furthermore, these findings indicate that CRB3 is an important regulator for breast cancer stemness, which is associated with tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - He Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yina Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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130
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Ma C, Wu G, Zhu Q, Liu H, Yao Y, Yuan D, Liu Y, Lv T, Song Y. Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00673 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer metastasis by binding with EZH2 and causing epigenetic silencing of HOXA5. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32696-32705. [PMID: 28423732 PMCID: PMC5464820 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of cancer cells is a key impediment to favorable outcomes of cancer treatment. Functional roles of long noncoding RNAs in several biological processes, including metastasis, have recently been discovered. In our previous work, we reported a positive correlation of increased expression of linc00673 in NSCLC tissues with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and increased proliferation of NSCLC cells, both, in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of linc00673 promotes migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, our results indicate that linc00673 could silence HOXA5 expression by recruiting epigenetic repressor, EZH2, at its promoter regions. HOXA5 was identified as a tumor suppressor gene, which inhibited NSCLC cell metastasis by regulating cytoskeletal remodeling. To summarize, we for the first time identified the role of lin00673 in promoting invasion and migration of NSCLC cells. Insights from this study may help to identify novel therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Guannan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yanwen Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Dongmei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
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131
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Yin Y, Zhong J, Li SW, Li JZ, Zhou M, Chen Y, Sang Y, Liu L. TRIM11, a direct target of miR-24-3p, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86755-86765. [PMID: 27888625 PMCID: PMC5349951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM11 (tripartite motif-containing protein 11) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase recently identified as an oncogene in malignant glioma and lung cancer. In the present study, we report that expression of TRIM11 was increased in colon cancer (CC) tissue relative to paired normal tissues and that higher TRIM11 levels predicted poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in CC patients. Mechanistically, we showed that miR-24-3p downregulation contributes to TRIM11 upregulation in CC. We also demonstrated that TRIM11 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and colony formation and inhibits apoptosis in CC, while knocking down TRIM11 using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Silencing TRIM11 in vivo decreased tumor growth. These findings indicate that TRIM11 facilitates CC progression by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis and that the novel miR-24-3p/TRIM11 axis may be a useful new target for treating patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Si-Wei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jian-Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Sang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
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132
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Abstract
Craniofacial surgery, since its inauguration, has been the culmination of collaborative efforts to solve complex congenital, dysplastic, oncological, and traumatic cranial bone defects. Now, 50 years on from the first craniofacial meeting, the collaborative efforts between surgeons, scientists, and bioengineers are further advancing craniofacial surgery with new discoveries in tissue regeneration. Recent advances in regenerative medicine and stem cell biology have transformed the authors' understanding of bone healing, the role of stem cells governing bone healing, and the effects of the niche environment and extracellular matrix on stem cell fate. This review aims at summarizing the advances within each of these fields.
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133
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Gankyrin sustains PI3K/GSK-3β/β-catenin signal activation and promotes colorectal cancer aggressiveness and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81156-81171. [PMID: 27835604 PMCID: PMC5348383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance are major clinical features of colorectal cancer (CRC), a lethal disease with a high incidence worldwide. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to CRC progression. However, little is known about regulatory mechanisms of the β-catenin activity in cancer progression. Here we report that Gankyrin was markedly upregulated in primary tumor tissues from CRC patients and was associated with poor survival. Moreover, we demonstrated that overexpressing Gankyrin promoted, while knockdown of Gankyrin impaired, the aggressive phenotype of proliferation, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we found a unique molecular mechanism of Gankyrin in CRC cells signaling transduction, that regulated the cross-talk between PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, sustaining PI3K/GSK-3β/β-catenin signal activation in CRC. Therefore, these findings not only reveal a mechanism that promotes aggressiveness and progression in CRC, but also provide insight into novel molecular targets for antitumor therapy in CRCs.
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134
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Tokar T, Pastrello C, Ramnarine VR, Zhu CQ, Craddock KJ, Pikor LA, Vucic EA, Vary S, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS, Lam WL, Jurisica I. Differentially expressed microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma invert effects of copy number aberrations of prognostic genes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9137-9155. [PMID: 29507679 PMCID: PMC5823624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, significantly down- or upregulated genes are found within chromosomal regions with DNA copy number alteration opposite to the expression changes. Generally, this paradox has been overlooked as noise, but can potentially be a consequence of interference of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including microRNA-mediated control of mRNA levels. To explore potential associations between microRNAs and paradoxes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) we curated and analyzed lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) data, comprising gene expressions, copy number aberrations (CNAs) and microRNA expressions. We integrated data from 1,062 tumor samples and 241 normal lung samples, including newly-generated array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data from 63 LUAD samples. We identified 85 “paradoxical” genes whose differential expression consistently contrasted with aberrations of their copy numbers. Paradoxical status of 70 out of 85 genes was validated on sample-wise basis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD data. Of these, 41 genes are prognostic and form a clinically relevant signature, which we validated on three independent datasets. By meta-analysis of results from 9 LUAD microRNA expression studies we identified 24 consistently-deregulated microRNAs. Using TCGA-LUAD data we showed that deregulation of 19 of these microRNAs explains differential expression of the paradoxical genes. Our results show that deregulation of paradoxical genes is crucial in LUAD and their expression pattern is maintained epigenetically, defying gene copy number status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tokar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Varune R Ramnarine
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chang-Qi Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Craddock
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larrisa A Pikor
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily A Vucic
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon Vary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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135
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Peng X, Liu G, Peng H, Chen A, Zha L, Wang Z. SOX4 contributes to TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell characteristics of gastric cancer cells. Genes Dis 2017; 5:49-61. [PMID: 30258935 PMCID: PMC6147107 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX4 is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) and is associated with tumor grade, metastasis and prognosis, however the mechanism is not clear. We report herein that SOX4 was upregulated and overexpression of SOX4 was associated with increased expression of the markers of Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in clinic patient samples. In vitro, overexpression of SOX4 promoted the invasion as showed by Transwell assay and stemness of GC cells as assessed by sphere formation assay, which was suppressed by silencing SOX4 with shRNA. Further studies showed that SOX4 up-regulated the expression of EMT transcription factors Twist1, snail1 and zeb1 and stemness transcription factors SOX2 and OCT4, and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Moreover, we revealed that TGF-β treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of SOX4 and silencing SOX4 reversed TGF-β induced invasion and sphere formation ability of GC cells. Finally, we showed that SOX4 promoted the lung metastasis and tumor formation ability of gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Our results suggest that SOX4 is a target TGF-β signaling and mediates TGF-β-induced EMT and stem cell characteristics of GC cells, revealing a novel role of TGF-β/SOX4 axis in the regulation of malignant behavior of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Peng
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000 China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Lang Zha
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
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136
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Wang YF, Liu F, Sherwin S, Farrelly M, Yan XG, Croft A, Liu T, Jin L, Zhang XD, Jiang CC. Cooperativity of HOXA5 and STAT3 Is Critical for HDAC8 Inhibition-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of PD-L1 in Human Melanoma Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:922-932. [PMID: 29174371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important mechanism by which cancer cells evade the immune system, PD-L1 expression in cancer cells is commonly associated with patients' responses to treatment with anti-programmed death 1/PD-L1 antibodies. However, how PD-L1 expression is regulated in melanoma cells remains to be fully elucidated. Here we report that the class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) HDAC8 controls transcriptional activation of PD-L1 by a transcription complex consisting of transcription factors homeobox A5 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Inhibition of HDAC8 upregulated PD-L1 in melanoma cells. This was due to an increase in the activity of a fragment of the PD-L1 gene promoter that is enriched with binding sites for both homeobox A5 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Indeed, knockdown of homeobox A5 or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 abolished upregulation of PD-L1 by HDAC8 inhibition. Moreover, homeobox A5 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were physically associated and appeared interdependent in activating PD-L1 transcription. Functional studies showed that HDAC8-mediated regulation of PD-L1 expression participated in modulating anti-melanoma T-cell responses. Collectively, these results identify HDAC8 as an important epigenetic regulator of PD-L1 expression, with implications for better understanding of the interaction between melanoma cells and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Simonne Sherwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret Farrelly
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xu Guang Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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137
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Schwalie PC, Ordóñez-Morán P, Huelsken J, Deplancke B. Cross-Tissue Identification of Somatic Stem and Progenitor Cells Using a Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Derived Gene Signature. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2390-2402. [PMID: 29044933 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing question in biology is whether multipotent somatic stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) feature molecular properties that could guide their system-independent identification. Population-based transcriptomic studies have so far not been able to provide a definite answer, given the rarity and heterogeneous nature of these cells. Here, we exploited the resolving power of single-cell RNA-sequencing to develop a computational model that is able to accurately distinguish SSPCs from differentiated cells across tissues. The resulting classifier is based on the combined expression of 23 genes including known players in multipotency, proliferation, and tumorigenesis, as well as novel ones, such as Lcp1 and Vgll4 that we functionally validate in intestinal organoids. We show how this approach enables the identification of stem-like cells in still ambiguous systems such as the pancreas and the epidermis as well as the exploration of lineage commitment hierarchies, thus facilitating the study of biological processes such as cellular differentiation, tissue regeneration, and cancer. Stem Cells 2017;35:2390-2402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Schwalie
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- ISREC (Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- ISREC (Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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138
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Hodgkinson N, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Targeted photodynamic therapy as potential treatment modality for the eradication of colon cancer and colon cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317734691. [PMID: 28990490 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317734691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is commonly treated by tumour resection, as chemotherapy and radiation have proven to be less effective, especially if the tumour has metastasized. Resistance to therapies occurs in almost all patients with colorectal cancer, especially in those with metastatic tumours. Cancer stem cells have the ability to self-renew, and their slow rate of cycling enhances resistance to treatment and increases the likelihood of tumour recurrence. Most metastatic tumours are unable to be surgically removed, thus creating a need for treatment modalities that target cancers directly and destroy cancer stem cells. Photodynamic therapy involves a photosensitizer that when exposed to a light source of a particular wavelength becomes excited and produces a form of oxygen that kills cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy is currently being investigated as a treatment modality for colorectal cancer, and new studies are exploring enhancing photodynamic therapy efficacy with the aid of drug carriers and immune conjugates. These modifications could prove effective in targeting cancer stem cells that are thought to be resistant to photodynamic therapy. In order for photodynamic therapy to be an effective treatment in colorectal cancer, it requires treatment of both primary tumours and the metastatic secondary disease that is caused by colon cancer stem cells. This review focuses on current photodynamic therapy treatments available for colorectal cancer and highlights proposed actively targeted photosynthetic drug uptake mechanisms specifically mediated towards colon cancer stem cells, as well as identify the gaps in research which need to be investigated in order to develop a combinative targeted photodynamic therapy regime that can effectively control colorectal cancer primary and metastatic tumour growth by eliminating colon cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hodgkinson
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Cherie A Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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139
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Zhang GJ, Li LF, Yang GD, Xia SS, Wang R, Leng ZW, Liu ZL, Tian HP, He Y, Meng CY, Liu DZ, Hou SL, Tang XG, Zhou T. MiR-92a promotes stem cell-like properties by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101760-101770. [PMID: 29254202 PMCID: PMC5731912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the oncogenic function of miR-92a in colorectal cancer. This study identified that miR-92a was upregulated in chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells and tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-92a conferred resistance to 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in vitro, while antagomiR-92a significantly enhanced chemosensitivity in vivo. Moreover, Overexpression of miR-92a promoted the tumor sphere formation and the expression of stem cell markers. MiR-92a overexpression also displayed higher tumourigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-92a upregulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity via directly targeting KLF4, GSK3β and DKK3, which are multiple level negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. In addition, our results indicate IL-6/STAT3 pathway increases miR-92a expression by directly targeting its promoter, resulting in Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and consequent promotion of stem-like phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells. Our present results suggest the essential role of IL-6/STAT3/miR-92a/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating the stem cell-like traits of colorectal cancer cells and provide a potential target for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jun Zhang
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Fa Li
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Sen Xia
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Leng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuo-Liang Liu
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Peng Tian
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi He
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Meng
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Dai-Zhi Liu
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Song-Lin Hou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Anorectal Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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140
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Varga J, Greten FR. Cell plasticity in epithelial homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1133-1141. [PMID: 28945230 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adult organism is characterized by remarkable plasticity, which enables efficient regeneration and restoration of homeostasis after damage. When aberrantly activated, this plasticity contributes to tumour initiation and progression. Here we review recent advances in this field with a focus on cell fate changes and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-two distinct, yet closely related, forms of plasticity with fundamental roles in homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Varga
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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141
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McCubrey JA, Fitzgerald TL, Yang LV, Lertpiriyapong K, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Montalto G, Cervello M, Neri LM, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Laidler P, Dulińska-Litewka J, Rakus D, Gizak A, Nicoletti F, Falzone L, Candido S, Libra M. Roles of GSK-3 and microRNAs on epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14221-14250. [PMID: 27999207 PMCID: PMC5355173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various signaling pathways exert critical roles in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The Wnt/beta-catenin, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, hedgehog (Hh), Notch and TP53 pathways elicit essential regulatory influences on cancer initiation, EMT and progression. A common kinase involved in all these pathways is moon-lighting kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). These pathways are also regulated by micro-RNAs (miRs). TP53 and components of these pathways can regulate the expression of miRs. Targeting members of these pathways may improve cancer therapy in those malignancies that display their abnormal regulation. This review will discuss the interactions of the multi-functional GSK-3 enzyme in the Wnt/beta-catenin, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Hh, Notch and TP53 pathways. The regulation of these pathways by miRs and their effects on CSC generation, EMT, invasion and metastasis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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142
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Shen P, Pichler M, Chen M, Calin GA, Ling H. To Wnt or Lose: The Missing Non-Coding Linc in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18092003. [PMID: 28930145 PMCID: PMC5618652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer and one of the leading causes for cancer-related mortality. Aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling is an essential initiating factor in colon carcinogenesis, and a driving force of CRC progression. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant players in CRC pathogenesis through diversified mechanisms. Although both Wnt signaling and lncRNAs represent interesting research areas for CRC, an effort of directly connecting these two areas is lacking. To fill in the knowledge gap, we focus on the reported findings of lncRNAs that regulate Wnt signaling or essential Wnt signaling targets. These include several newly discovered lncRNAs originated from the amplified cancer-associated chromosome 8q24 region that surrounds the essential Wnt target MYC gene, lncRNAs reported to be involved in CRC stem cells, and several individual lncRNAs connected to Wnt signaling through other mechanisms. This review will provide essential information that assists in understanding the missing link of lncRNAs to the classical Wnt signaling in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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143
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Li W, Lin X, Yang H, Cao Y, Zhang C, Fan Z. Depletion of HOXA5 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation potential of stem cells from the apical papilla. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:45-52. [PMID: 28833816 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a prospective cell source for tissue regeneration due to their self-renewal abilities and potential to differentiate into different cell lineages, but the molecular mechanisms of the directed differentiation and proliferation are still unknown. Recently, multiple studies have indicated the crucial role of HOX genes in MSC differentiation and proliferation. However, the role of HOXA5 in MSCs remains unknown. Here, we investigated HOXA5 function in stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). After HOXA5 depletion, the results showed a significant decrease in ALP activity and a weakened mineralization ability of SCAPs. The real-time RT-PCR results showed prominently lessened expression of OPN and BSP. The CCK8 and CFSE results displayed inhibited proliferation of SCAPs, and flow cytometry assays revealed arrested cell cycle progression at the S phase. Furthermore, we found that depletion of HOXA5 upregulated p16INK4A and p18INK4C and downregulated the Cyclin A. Our research demonstrated that depletion of HOXA5 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and repressed cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression at the S phase via p16INK4A , p18INK4C , and Cyclin A in SCAPs, indicating that HOXA5 has a significant role in maintaining the proliferation and differentiation potential of dental-tissue-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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144
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Abstract
The third 'Stem Cell Niche' meeting, supported by The Novo Nordisk Foundation, was held this year on May 22-26 and brought together 185 selected participants from 24 different countries to Hillerød, Denmark. Diverse aspects of embryonic and adult stem cell biology were discussed, including their respective niches in ageing, disease and regeneration. Many presentations focused on emerging technologies, including single-cell analysis, in vitro organogenesis and direct reprogramming. Here, we summarize the data presented at this exciting and highly enjoyable meeting, where speakers as well as kitchen chefs were applauded at every session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Kirkeby
- Human Neural Development, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- The Ludwig Institute, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- CNC, Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
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145
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Hoxa5 increases mitochondrial apoptosis by inhibiting Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 pathway in mice white adipocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95332-95345. [PMID: 29221131 PMCID: PMC5707025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox A5(Hoxa5), a member of the Hox family, plays a important role in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in cancer cells. The dysregulation of the adipocyte apoptosis in vivo leads to obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the effects of Hoxa5 on adipocyte apoptosis are still unknown. In this study, palmitic acid (PA) significantly increased the mRNA level of Hoxa5 and triggered white adipocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Further analysis revealed that Hoxa5 enhanced the early and late apoptotic cells and fragmentation of genomic DNA in adipocytes from inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of mice. Moreover, Hoxa5 aggravated white adipocyte apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway rather than endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced or death receptor (DR)-mediated pathway. Our data also confirmed that Hoxa5 promoted mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by elevating the transcription activity of Bax and inhibiting the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. In summary, these findings revealed a novel mechanism that linked Hoxa5 to white adipocyte apoptosis, which provided some potential possibilities to prevent and treat obesity and some metabolic diseases.
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146
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Yuan H, Li N, Fu D, Ren J, Hui J, Peng J, Liu Y, Qiu T, Jiang M, Pan Q, Han Y, Wang X, Li Q, Qin J. Histone methyltransferase SETD2 modulates alternative splicing to inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3375-3391. [PMID: 28825595 DOI: 10.1172/jci94292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H3K36 methyltransferase SETD2 is frequently mutated or deleted in a variety of human tumors. Nevertheless, the role of SETD2 loss in oncogenesis remains largely undefined. Here, we found that SETD2 counteracts Wnt signaling and its inactivation promotes intestinal tumorigenesis in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). SETD2 was not required for intestinal homeostasis under steady state; however, upon irradiation, genetic inactivation of Setd2 in mouse intestinal epithelium facilitated the self-renewal of intestinal stem/progenitor cells as well as tissue regeneration. Furthermore, depletion of SETD2 enhanced the susceptibility to tumorigenesis in the context of dysregulated Wnt signaling. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that SETD2 downregulation affects the alternative splicing of a subset of genes implicated in tumorigenesis. Importantly, we uncovered that SETD2 ablation reduces intron retention of dishevelled segment polarity protein 2 (DVL2) pre-mRNA, which would otherwise be degraded by nonsense-mediated decay, thereby augmenting Wnt signaling. The signaling cascades mediated by SETD2 were further substantiated by a CRC patient cohort analysis. Together, our studies highlight SETD2 as an integral regulator of Wnt signaling through epigenetic regulation of RNA processing during tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairui Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Li
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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147
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SLC39A4 expression is associated with enhanced cell migration, cisplatin resistance, and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7211. [PMID: 28775359 PMCID: PMC5543149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc transporter SLC39A4 influences epithelial cell morphology and migration in various cancers; however, its role in regulating cell invasion and chemotherapeutic resistance in human lung cancer is not yet clear. Here, integrated analysis of gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer revealed that SLC39A4 expression is significantly correlated with increased tumour size and regional lymph node spread, as well as shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). SLC39A4 silencing by lentivirus-mediated shRNA blocked human lung cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, SLC39A4 knockdown enhanced cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin-induced death by inhibiting stemness in lung cancer cells. Collectively, these data suggest that SLC39A4 may be a novel therapeutic target and predictive marker of tumour metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.
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148
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Antagonistic Interactions between Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Retinoic Acid Receptor Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00012-17. [PMID: 28483913 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00012-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated activation of RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and defects in retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling are both implicated in many types of cancers. However, interrelationships between these alterations in regulating cancer cell fates have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that RAS/ERK and RAR signaling pathways antagonistically interact with each other to regulate colorectal cancer (CRC) cell fates. We show that RAR signaling activation promotes spontaneous differentiation of CRC cells, while ERK activation suppresses it. Our microarray analyses identify genes whose expression levels are upregulated by RAR signaling. Notably, one of these genes, MKP4, encoding a member of dual-specificity phosphatases for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, mediates ERK inactivation upon RAR activation, thereby promoting the differentiation of CRC cells. Moreover, our results also show that RA induction of RAR target genes is suppressed by the ERK pathway activation. This suppression results from the inhibition of RAR transcriptional activity, which is shown to be mediated through an RIP140/histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated mechanism. These results identify antagonistic interactions between RAS/ERK and RAR signaling in the cell fate decision of CRC cells and define their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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149
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Bhatlekar S, Viswanathan V, Fields JZ, Boman BM. Overexpression of HOXA4 and HOXA9 genes promotes self-renewal and contributes to colon cancer stem cell overpopulation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:727-735. [PMID: 28464221 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because HOX genes encode master regulatory transcription factors that regulate stem cells (SCs) during development and aberrant expression of HOX genes occurs in various cancers, our goal was to determine if dysregulation of HOX genes is involved in the SC origin of colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously reported that HOXA4 and HOXD10 are expressed in the colonic SC niche and are overexpressed in CRC. HOX gene expression was studied in SCs from human colon tissue and CRC cells (CSCs) using qPCR and immunostaining. siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOX expression was used to evaluate the role of HOX genes in modulating cancer SC (CSC) phenotype at the level of proliferation, SC marker expression, and sphere formation. All-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA), a differentiation-inducing agent was evaluated for its effects on HOX expression and CSC growth. We found that HOXA4 and HOXA9 are up-regulated in CRC SCs. siRNA knockdown of HOXA4 and HOXA9 reduced: (i) proliferation and sphere-formation and (ii) gene expression of known SC markers (ALDH1, CD166, LGR5). These results indicate that proliferation and self-renewal ability of CRC SCs are reduced in HOXA4 and HOXA9 knockdown cells. ATRA decreased HOXA4, HOXA9, and HOXD10 expression in parallel with reduction in ALDH1 expression, self-renewal, and proliferation. Overall, our findings indicate that overexpression of HOXA4 and HOXA9 contributes to self-renewal and overpopulation of SCs in CRC. Strategies designed to modulate HOX expression may provide ways to target malignant SCs and to develop more effective therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhatlekar
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Vignesh Viswanathan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | | | - Bruce M Boman
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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150
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Lei Y, Zhang X, Su J, Jeong M, Gundry MC, Huang YH, Zhou Y, Li W, Goodell MA. Targeted DNA methylation in vivo using an engineered dCas9-MQ1 fusion protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16026. [PMID: 28695892 PMCID: PMC5508226 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive studies have shown that DNA methylation plays vital roles in both loss of pluripotency and governance of the transcriptome during embryogenesis and subsequent developmental processes. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns have been widely observed in tumorigenesis, ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the importance of a systematic understanding of DNA methylation and the dynamic changes of methylomes during disease onset and progression. Here we describe a facile and convenient approach for efficient targeted DNA methylation by fusing inactive Cas9 (dCas9) with an engineered prokaryotic DNA methyltransferase MQ1. Our study presents a rapid and efficient strategy to achieve locus-specific cytosine modifications in the genome without obvious impact on global methylation in 24 h. Finally, we demonstrate our tool can induce targeted CpG methylation in mice by zygote microinjection, thereby demonstrating its potential utility in early development. Understanding how DNA methylation regulates gene expression requires the capacity to deploy it to regions of interest. The authors generate a highly rapid and locus-specific CpG methylation tool by fusing dCas9 to MQ1 DNA methyltransferase and show efficacy at multiple sites in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lei
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mira Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Gundry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yung-Hsin Huang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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