101
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Lee S, Zheng X, Krishnamoorthy J, Savelieff MG, Park HM, Brender JR, Kim JH, Derrick JS, Kochi A, Lee HJ, Kim C, Ramamoorthy A, Bowers MT, Lim MH. Rational design of a structural framework with potential use to develop chemical reagents that target and modulate multiple facets of Alzheimer's disease. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:299-310. [PMID: 24397771 DOI: 10.1021/ja409801p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by multiple, intertwined pathological features, including amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, metal ion dyshomeostasis, and oxidative stress. We report a novel compound (ML) prototype of a rationally designed molecule obtained by integrating structural elements for Aβ aggregation control, metal chelation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and antioxidant activity within a single molecule. Chemical, biochemical, ion mobility mass spectrometric, and NMR studies indicate that the compound ML targets metal-free and metal-bound Aβ (metal-Aβ) species, suppresses Aβ aggregation in vitro, and diminishes toxicity induced by Aβ and metal-treated Aβ in living cells. Comparison of ML to its structural moieties (i.e., 4-(dimethylamino)phenol (DAP) and (8-aminoquinolin-2-yl)methanol (1)) for reactivity with Aβ and metal-Aβ suggests the synergy of incorporating structural components for both metal chelation and Aβ interaction. Moreover, ML is water-soluble and potentially brain permeable, as well as regulates the formation and presence of free radicals. Overall, we demonstrate that a rational structure-based design strategy can generate a small molecule that can target and modulate multiple factors, providing a new tool to uncover and address AD complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2216, United States
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102
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Savelieff MG, Liu Y, Senthamarai RRP, Korshavn KJ, Lee HJ, Ramamoorthy A, Lim MH. A small molecule that displays marked reactivity toward copper- versus zinc-amyloid-β implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 50:5301-3. [PMID: 24326305 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial, neurodegenerative disease that poses tremendous difficulties in pinpointing its precise etiology. A toolkit, which specifically targets and modulates suggested key players, may elucidate their roles in disease onset and progression. We report high-resolution insights on the activity of a small molecule (L2-NO) which exhibits reactivity toward Cu(II)-amyloid-β (Aβ) over Zn(II)-Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha G Savelieff
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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103
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Sharma AK, Pavlova ST, Kim J, Kim J, Mirica LM. The effect of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) on the Aβ42 peptide aggregation and cellular toxicity. Metallomics 2013; 5:1529-36. [PMID: 23995980 PMCID: PMC4060528 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00161j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of Cu and Zn metal ions with the amyloid β (Aβ) peptides has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its implications in Alzheimer's disease. A number of reports indicate that Cu and Zn have profound effects on Aβ aggregation. However, the impact of these metal ions on Aβ oligomerization and fibrillization is still not well understood, especially for the more rapidly aggregating and more neurotoxic Aβ42 peptide. Here we report the effect of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) on Aβ42 oligomerization and aggregation using a series of methods such as Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, native gel and Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cellular toxicity studies. Our studies suggest that both Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions inhibit Aβ42 fibrillization. While presence of Cu(2+) stabilizes Aβ42 oligomers, Zn(2+) leads to formation of amorphous, non-fibrillar aggregates. The effects of temperature, buffer, and metal ion concentration and stoichiometry were also studied. Interestingly, while Cu(2+) increases the Aβ42-induced cell toxicity, Zn(2+) causes a significant decrease in Aβ42 neurotoxicity. While previous reports have indicated that Cu(2+) can disrupt β-sheets and lead to non-fibrillar Aβ aggregates, the neurotoxic consequences were not investigated in detail. The data presented herein including cellular toxicity studies strongly suggest that Cu(2+) increases the neurotoxicity of Aβ42 due to stabilization of soluble Aβ42 oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA.
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104
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Meltzer D, Nadel Y, Lecka J, Amir A, Sévigny J, Fischer B. Nucleoside-(5'→P) methylenebisphosphonodithioate analogues: synthesis and chemical properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8320-9. [PMID: 23895237 DOI: 10.1021/jo400931n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside-(5'→P) methylenebisphosphonodithioate analogues are bioisosteres of natural nucleotides. The potential therapeutic applications of these analogues are limited by their relative instability. With a view toward improving their chemical and metabolic stability as well as their affinity toward zinc ions, we developed a novel nucleotide scaffold, nucleoside-5'-tetrathiobisphosphonate. We synthesized P1-(uridine/adenosine-5')-methylenebisphosphonodithioate, 2 and 3, and P1,P2-di(uridine/adenosine-5')-methylenebisphosphonodithioate, 4 and 5. Using (1)H and (31)P NMR-monitored Zn(2+)/Mg(2+) titrations, we found that 5 coordinated Zn(2+) by both N7 nitrogen atoms and both dithiophosphonate moieties, whereas 3 coordinated Zn(2+) by an N7 nitrogen atom and Pβ. Both 3 and 5 did not coordinate Mg(2+) ions. (31)P NMR-monitored kinetic studies showed that 3 was more stable at pD 1.5 than 5, with t(1/2) of 44 versus 9 h, respectively, and at pD 11 both showed no degradation for at least 2 weeks. However, 5 was more stable than 3 under an air-oxidizing atmosphere, with t1/2 of at least 3 days versus 14 h, respectively. Analogues 3 and 5 were highly stable to NPP1,3 and NTPDase1,2,3,8 hydrolysis (0-7%). However, they were found to be poor ectonucleotidase inhibitors. Although 3 and 5 did not prove to be effective inhibitors of zinc-containing NPP1/3, which is involved in the pathology of osteoarthritis and diabetes, they may be promising zinc chelators for the treatment of other health disorders involving an excess of zinc ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Meltzer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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105
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Liu Y, Kochi A, Pithadia AS, Lee S, Nam Y, Beck MW, He X, Lee D, Lim MH. Tuning Reactivity of Diphenylpropynone Derivatives with Metal-Associated Amyloid-β Species via Structural Modifications. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8121-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400851w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Younwoo Nam
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea
| | | | | | - Dongkuk Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea
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106
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Savelieff MG, Lee S, Liu Y, Lim MH. Untangling amyloid-β, tau, and metals in Alzheimer's disease. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:856-65. [PMID: 23506614 DOI: 10.1021/cb400080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and metal ion dyshomeostasis are believed to underlie numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathological hallmark of AD is accumulation of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) proteins in the brain. Since AD etiology remains unclear, several hypotheses have emerged to elucidate its pathological pathways. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, a leading hypothesis for AD development, advocates Aβ as the principal culprit. Additionally, evidence suggests that tau may contribute to AD pathology. Aβ and tau have also been shown to impact each other's pathology either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, metal ion dyshomeostasis is associated with these misfolded proteins. Metal interactions with Aβ and tau/ptau also influence their aggregation properties and neurotoxicity. Herein, we present current understanding on the roles of Aβ, tau, and metal ions, placing equal emphasis on each of these proposed features, as well as their inter-relationships in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
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107
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Faller P, Hureau C, Berthoumieu O. Role of metal ions in the self-assembly of the Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12193-206. [PMID: 23607830 DOI: 10.1021/ic4003059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) by self-assembly into oligomers or amyloids is a central event in Alzheimer's disease. Coordination of transition-metal ions, mainly copper and zinc, to Aβ occurs in vivo and modulates the aggregation process. A survey of the impact of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on the aggregation of Aβ reveals some general trends: (i) Zn(II) and Cu(II) at high micromolar concentrations and/or in a large superstoichiometric ratio compared to Aβ have a tendency to promote amorphous aggregations (precipitation) over the ordered formation of fibrillar amyloids by self-assembly; (ii) metal ions affect the kinetics of Aβ aggregations, with the most significant impact on the nucleation phase; (iii) the impact is metal-specific; (iv) Cu(II) and Zn(II) affect the concentrations and/or the types of aggregation intermediates formed; (v) the binding of metal ions changes both the structure and the charge of Aβ. The decrease in the overall charge at physiological pH increases the overall driving force for aggregation but may favor more precipitation over fibrillation, whereas the induced structural changes seem more relevant for the amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Faller
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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108
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Gumienna-Kontecka E, Nurchi VM, Szebesczyk A, Bilska P, Krzywoszynska K, Kozlowski H. Chelating Agents as Tools for the Treatment of Metal Overload. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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109
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Nunes A, Marques SM, Quintanova C, Silva DF, Cardoso SM, Chaves S, Santos MA. Multifunctional iron-chelators with protective roles against neurodegenerative diseases. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6058-73. [PMID: 23487286 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the absence of a disease modifying drug, makes the development of new multifunctional drugs an attractive therapeutic strategy. Taking into account the hallmarks of AD patient brains, such as low levels of acetylcholine, misfolding of proteins and associated beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, oxidative stress and metal dyshomeostasis, we have developed a series of compounds that merge three different approaches: metal attenuation, anti-Aβ aggregation and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. Therefore, 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (3,4-HP) and benzothiazole molecular moieties were selected as starting frameworks due to their well known affinity for iron and Aβ peptides, respectively. The linkers between these two main functional groups were selected on the basis of virtual screening, so that the final molecule could further inhibit the acetylcholinesterase, responsible for the cholinergic losses. We describe herein the design and synthesis of the new hybrid compounds, followed by the assessment of solution properties, namely iron chelation and anti-oxidant capacity. The compounds were bioassayed for their capacity to inhibit AChE, as well as self- and Zn mediated-Aβ(1-42) aggregation. Finally, we assessed their effects on the viability of neuronal cells stressed with Aβ(42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Nunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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110
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Amir A, Sayer AH, Ezra A, Fischer B. Methylenediphosphonotetrathioate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3133-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3026057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aviran Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Alon Haim Sayer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Alon Ezra
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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111
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Insights into antiamyloidogenic properties of the green tea extract (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate toward metal-associated amyloid-β species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3743-8. [PMID: 23426629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220326110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significance of Alzheimer's disease, the link between metal-associated amyloid-β (metal-Aβ) and disease etiology remains unclear. To elucidate this relationship, chemical tools capable of specifically targeting and modulating metal-Aβ species are necessary, along with a fundamental understanding of their mechanism at the molecular level. Herein, we investigated and compared the interactions and reactivities of the green tea extract, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate [(2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate; EGCG], with metal [Cu(II) and Zn(II)]-Aβ and metal-free Aβ species. We found that EGCG interacted with metal-Aβ species and formed small, unstructured Aβ aggregates more noticeably than in metal-free conditions in vitro. In addition, upon incubation with EGCG, the toxicity presented by metal-free Aβ and metal-Aβ was mitigated in living cells. To understand this reactivity at the molecular level, structural insights were obtained by ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), 2D NMR spectroscopy, and computational methods. These studies indicated that (i) EGCG was bound to Aβ monomers and dimers, generating more compact peptide conformations than those from EGCG-untreated Aβ species; and (ii) ternary EGCG-metal-Aβ complexes were produced. Thus, we demonstrate the distinct antiamyloidogenic reactivity of EGCG toward metal-Aβ species with a structure-based mechanism.
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112
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Collin F, Sasaki I, Eury H, Faller P, Hureau C. Pt(II) compounds interplay with Cu(II) and Zn(II) coordination to the amyloid-β peptide has metal specific consequences on deleterious processes associated to Alzheimer's disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2130-2. [PMID: 23386213 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five Pt(II) complexes were tested for their ability to interfere in Cu(II) or Zn(II) coordination to the Aβ peptide. Two of them induce modifications of the Cu(II) sphere but not the associated Cu(Aβ) ROS production. In contrast, they do completely preclude Zn induced Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Collin
- PHARMA-DEV, UMR 152 IRD-UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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113
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Franz KJ. Clawing back: broadening the notion of metal chelators in medicine. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:143-9. [PMID: 23332666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The traditional notion of chelation therapy is the administration of a chemical agent to remove metals from the body. But formation of a metal-chelate can have biological ramifications that are much broader than metal elimination. Exploring these other possibilities could lead to pharmacological interventions that alter the concentration, distribution, or reactivity of metals in targeted ways for therapeutic benefit. This review highlights recent examples that showcase four general strategies of using principles of metal chelation in medicinal contexts beyond the traditional notion of chelation therapy. These strategies include altering metal biodistribution, inhibiting specific metalloenzymes associated with disease, enhancing the reactivity of a metal complex to promote cytotoxicity, and conversely, passivating the reactivity of metals by site-activated chelation to prevent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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114
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Alies B, Renaglia E, Rózga M, Bal W, Faller P, Hureau C. Cu(II) Affinity for the Alzheimer’s Peptide: Tyrosine Fluorescence Studies Revisited. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1501-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302629u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alies
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 Route de Narbonne,
BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Emelyne Renaglia
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 Route de Narbonne,
BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Malgorzata Rózga
- Institute of Biochemistry and
Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and
Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Faller
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 Route de Narbonne,
BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 Route de Narbonne,
BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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115
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Liu W, Gust R. Metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potential antitumor metallodrugs. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:755-73. [PMID: 23147001 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35314h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wukun Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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116
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Abstract
Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by the deposition of copper in the brain, liver; cornea, and other organs. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction. Copper overload in patients with Wilson's disease is caused by impairment to the biliary route for excretion of dietary copper A combination of neurological, psychiatric and hepatic symptoms can make the diagnosis of Wilson's disease challenging. Most symptoms appear in the second and third decades of life. The disease affects between one in 30,000 and one in 100,000 individuals, and is fatal if left untreated. Five drugs are currently available to treat Wilson's disease: British Anti-Lewisite; D-penicillamine; trientine; zinc sulfate or acetate; and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. Each drug can reduce copper levels and/or transform copper into a metabolically inert and unavailable form in the patient. The discovery and introduction of these five drugs owes more to the inspiration of a few dedicated physicians and agricultural scientists than to the resources of the pharmaceutical industry.
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117
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Li M, Shi P, Xu C, Ren J, Qu X. Cerium oxide caged metal chelator: anti-aggregation and anti-oxidation integrated H2O2-responsive controlled drug release for potential Alzheimer's disease treatment. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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118
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Noël S, Cadet S, Gras E, Hureau C. The benzazole scaffold: a SWAT to combat Alzheimer's disease. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7747-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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119
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Muthuraj B, Hussain S, Iyer PK. A rapid and sensitive detection of ferritin at a nanomolar level and disruption of amyloid β fibrils using fluorescent conjugated polymer. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00680h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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120
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Telpoukhovskaia MA, Patrick BO, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Orvig C. Exploring the multifunctionality of thioflavin- and deferiprone-based molecules as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for potential application in Alzheimer's disease. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:792-805. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25600f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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121
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Faller P, Hureau C. A bioinorganic view of Alzheimer's disease: when misplaced metal ions (re)direct the electrons to the wrong target. Chemistry 2012. [PMID: 23180511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions Cu, Zn and Fe, seem to play a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In order to understand this in a broader sense, one has to considerer the peculiarities of metal metabolism in the brain compared to most other tissues, as well as the importance of the redox active metal ions, Fe and Cu, in oxygen metabolism and the connected oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Faller
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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122
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Pithadia AS, Kochi A, Soper MT, Beck MW, Liu Y, Lee S, DeToma AS, Ruotolo BT, Lim MH. Reactivity of diphenylpropynone derivatives toward metal-associated amyloid-β species. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12959-67. [PMID: 23153071 DOI: 10.1021/ic302084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), metal-associated amyloid-β (metal-Aβ) species have been suggested to be involved in neurotoxicity; however, their role in disease development is still unclear. To elucidate this aspect, chemical reagents have been developed as valuable tools for targeting metal-Aβ species, modulating the interaction between the metal and Aβ, and subsequently altering metal-Aβ reactivity. Herein, we report the design, preparation, characterization, and reactivity of two diphenylpropynone derivatives (DPP1 and DPP2) composed of structural moieties for metal chelation and Aβ interaction (bifunctionality). The interactions of these compounds with metal ions and Aβ species were confirmed by UV-vis, NMR, mass spectrometry, and docking studies. The effects of these bifunctional molecules on the control of in vitro metal-free and metal-induced Aβ aggregation were investigated and monitored by gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both DPP1 and DPP2 showed reactivity toward metal-Aβ species over metal-free Aβ species to different extents. In particular, DPP2, which contains a dimethylamino group, exhibited greater reactivity with metal-Aβ species than DPP1, suggesting a structure-reactivity relationship. Overall, our studies present a new bifunctional scaffold that could be utilized to develop chemical reagents for investigating metal-Aβ species in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Pithadia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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123
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Telpoukhovskaia MA, Orvig C. Werner coordination chemistry and neurodegeneration. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 42:1836-46. [PMID: 22952002 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are capturing the world's attention as being the next set of diseases we must tackle collectively. Not only are the patients experiencing gradual cognitive and physical decline in most cases, but these diseases are fatal with no prevention currently available. As these diseases are progressive, providing care and symptom treatment for the ageing population is becoming both a medical and a financial challenge. This review discusses how Werner coordination chemistry plays a role in three diseases - those of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prions. Metal ions are considered to be involved in these diseases in part via their propensity to cause toxic aggregation of proteins. First, the coordination of metal ions, with emphasis on copper(II), to metalloproteins that are hallmarks of these diseases - amyloid β, α-synuclein, and prion, respectively - will be discussed. We will present the current understanding of the metal coordination environments created by the amino acids of these proteins, as well as metal binding affinity. Second, a diverse set of examples of rationally designed metal chelators to outcompete this deleterious binding will be examined based on coordination mode and affinity toward bio-relevant metal ions. Overall, this review will give a general overview of protein and metal chelator coordination environments in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Telpoukhovskaia
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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