101
|
Involvement of E3 Ligases and Deubiquitinases in the Control of HIF-α Subunit Abundance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060598. [PMID: 31208103 PMCID: PMC6627837 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways are cellular processes involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. Enzymes called ubiquitin E3 ligases perform protein ubiquitylation. The action of these enzymes can be counteracted by another group of enzymes called deubiquitinases (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from target proteins. The balanced action of these enzymes allows cells to adapt their protein content to a variety of cellular and environmental stress factors, including hypoxia. While hypoxia appears to be a powerful regulator of the ubiquitylation process, much less is known about the impact of DUBs on the HIF system and hypoxia-regulated DUBs. Moreover, hypoxia and DUBs play crucial roles in many diseases, such as cancer. Hence, DUBs are considered to be promising targets for cancer cell-specific treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role DUBs play in the control of HIFs, the regulation of DUBs by hypoxia, and their implication in cancer progression.
Collapse
|
102
|
Li H, Zheng B. Overexpression of the Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked (USP9X) Gene is Associated with Upregulation of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and Downregulation of Cyclin-Dependent Inhibitor Kinase 1A (CDKN1A) in Breast Cancer Tissue and Cell Lines. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4207-4216. [PMID: 31169265 PMCID: PMC6568031 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X) gene in breast cancer remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of USP9X in breast cancer tissue and cell lines. Material/Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression levels of USP9X in 102 breast cancer tissue samples and 41 normal breast tissue samples. Overexpression of USP9X in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were studied by USP9X lentivirus vector transfection. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/caspase-9 USP9X gene knockout was performed. Cell proliferation, growth, and survival were examined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, the colony formation assay, flow cytometry assays, and a tumor xenograft study. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that USP9X was significantly overexpressed in 93 of 102 (91.1%) breast cancer tissue samples compared with 41 normal breast tissue samples and was associated with tumor size ≥5.0 cm (P<0.05). USP9X overexpression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer increased cell proliferation and survival, significantly reduced the number of cells in the G1-phase cells and increased the number of cells in the S-phase cells, which were reversed by CRISPR/caspase-9 USP9X gene knockout. Overexpression of USP9X upregulated the CCND1 gene encoding cyclin D1 and downregulated cyclin-dependent inhibitor kinase 1A (CDKN1A) gene in breast cancer cells, which were reversed by USP9X knockout. Conclusions Overexpression of USP9X was associated with upregulation of the CCND1 gene and downregulation of the CDKN1A gene in breast cancer tissue and cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of the Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of the Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China (mainland).,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Murakami N, Kitajima M, Ohyama K, Aibara N, Taniguchi K, Wei M, Kitajima Y, Miura K, Masuzaki H. Comprehensive immune complexome analysis detects disease-specific immune complex antigens in seminal plasma and follicular fluids derived from infertile men and women. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:545-551. [PMID: 31158356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune reactions and subsequent inflammation may underlie spermatogenic dysfunction and endometriosis-related infertility. The aim of this study is to identify disease-specific antigens in immune complexes (ICs) in seminal plasma (SP) and in follicular fluid (FF). METHODS Immune complexome analysis, in which nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is employed to comprehensively identify antigens incorporated into ICs in biological fluids, was performed for specimens collected from infertile couples undergoing assisted reproduction. Forty-two male patients consisting of subjects with oligozoospermia (n = 6), asthenozoospermia (n = 8), and normal semen analysis (n = 28). Fifty-eight female patients consisting of subjects with ovarian endometriosis (n = 10) and control women without disease (n = 48). RESULTS Four disease-specific antigens were identified in subjects with oligozoospermia, while five disease-specific antigens were detected in subjects with asthenozoospermia, some of which are involved in sprematogenesis. Eight antigens were detected only in subjects with endometriosis. CONCLUSION Functional characteristics of disease-specific antigens were found to correspond to the pathogenesis of male and female infertility. The formation of ICs may contribute to spermatogenic dysfunction and endometriosis-related infertility via loss of function of the related proteins. Immune complexome analysis is expected to be a valuable tool for the investigation of novel diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Michio Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Aibara
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Ken Taniguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Mian Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Alley, Gulou Qu, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuriko Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Masuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Young MJ, Hsu KC, Lin TE, Chang WC, Hung JJ. The role of ubiquitin-specific peptidases in cancer progression. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:42. [PMID: 31133011 PMCID: PMC6537419 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an important mechanism for regulating the activity and levels of proteins under physiological conditions. Loss of regulation by protein ubiquitination leads to various diseases, such as cancer. Two types of enzymes, namely, E1/E2/E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, are responsible for controlling protein ubiquitination. The ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) are the main members of the deubiquitinase family. Many studies have addressed the roles of USPs in various diseases. An increasing number of studies have indicated that USPs are critical for cancer progression, and some USPs have been used as targets to develop inhibitors for cancer prevention. Herein we collect and organize most of the recent studies on the roles of USPs in cancer progression and discuss the development of USP inhibitors for cancer therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Young
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Epigenetic Reprogramming of TGF-β Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050726. [PMID: 31137748 PMCID: PMC6563130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has a well-documented, context-dependent role in breast cancer development. In normal and premalignant cells, it acts as a tumor suppressor. By contrast, during the malignant phases of breast cancer progression, the TGF-β signaling pathway elicits tumor promoting effects particularly by driving the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enhances tumor cell migration, invasion and ultimately metastasis to distant organs. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern this dual capacity are being uncovered at multiple molecular levels. This review will focus on recent advances relating to how epigenetic changes such as acetylation and methylation control the outcome of TGF-β signaling and alter the fate of breast cancer cells. In addition, we will highlight how this knowledge can be further exploited to curb tumorigenesis by selective targeting of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
106
|
Chen X, Lu D, Gao J, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Gao D, Zhou H. Identification of a USP9X Substrate NFX1-123 by SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2654-2665. [PMID: 31059266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The deubiquitinase USP9X is involved in multiple diseases including neurodegeneration, epilepsy, and various types of tumors by targeting different substrates. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential substrates of USP9X and performed SILAC-based quantitative proteomics to compare these substrates in USP9X-knockdown and wild-type HeLa cells. We consequently carried out Flag-NFX1-123 tag affinity-based mass spectrometry and confirmed that the X-box binding nuclear factor NFX1-123 interacted with USP9X. Moreover, immunoprecipitation assays verified a direct interaction between USP9X and NFX1-123. Further experiments confirmed that NFX1-123 could be modified by ubiquitination and that USP9X stabilized NFX1-123 via efficient deubiquitination of NFX1-123. Knockdown of USP9X resulted in decreased NFX1-123 protein levels compared with their unchanged corresponding mRNA levels in different cell lines. In summary, we found that NFX1-123 was a bona fide substrate of the deubiquitinase USP9X and that it could be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The present study provided new insight into understanding the biological function of USP9X by targeting its substrate NFX1-123.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dayun Lu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Daming Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Shang Z, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Cao C, Tian S, Zhang K, Liu L, Shi L, Yu N, Yang S. USP9X-mediated deubiquitination of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 potentiates Wnt signaling and promotes breast carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9844-9857. [PMID: 31073027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway is a prominent feature of a number of human malignancies. Transcriptional activation of this signaling cascade depends on the formation of the β-catenin-B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9)-pygopus (PYGO) family plant homeodomain finger 1 complex, yet how the assembly of this complex is regulated remains to be investigated. Here, using MCF-7, HeLa, HEK293T, MDA-MB-231, and Sf9 cells, along with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, nano-HPLC-MS/MS, deubiquitination, immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we report that BCL9 physically associates with a protein deubiquitinase, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), and that USP9X removes Lys-63-linked polyubiquitin on Lys-212 of BCL9. Importantly, the USP9X-mediated BCL9 deubiquitination facilitated the formation of the β-catenin-BCL9-PYGO complex, thereby potentiating the transcriptional activation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. We also show that USP9X-mediated BCL9 deubiquitination promotes the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Together, these results uncover USP9X as a deubiquitinase of BCL9, implicating USP9X in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zesen Shang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Jiao Zhao
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Qi Zhang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Cheng Cao
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Shanshan Tian
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Kai Zhang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Ling Liu
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Lei Shi
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Na Yu
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Shangda Yang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and .,the State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 300020 Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Islam MT, Zhou X, Chen F, Khan MA, Fu J, Chen H. Targeting the signalling pathways regulated by deubiquitinases for prostate cancer therapeutics. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:304-319. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tariqul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Fangzhi Chen
- Department of UrologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical MedicineSouthwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical MedicineSouthwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Hanchun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Central South University Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Wang A, Zhu F, Liang R, Li D, Li B. Regulation of T cell differentiation and function by ubiquitin-specific proteases. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103922. [PMID: 31078284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells play critical roles in immune responses to pathogens, autoimmunity, and antitumor immunity. During the past few decades, increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated the significance of protein ubiquitination in T cell-mediated immunity. Several E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) have been identified as either positive or negative regulators of T cell development and function. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of DUBs (especially ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs)) in modulating T cell differentiation and function, as well as the molecular mechanisms. Understanding how T cell development and function is regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination will provide novel strategies for treating infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fangming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Strowitzki MJ, Cummins EP, Taylor CT. Protein Hydroxylation by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases: Unique or Ubiquitous? Cells 2019; 8:cells8050384. [PMID: 31035491 PMCID: PMC6562979 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All metazoans that utilize molecular oxygen (O2) for metabolic purposes have the capacity to adapt to hypoxia, the condition that arises when O2 demand exceeds supply. This is mediated through activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. At physiological oxygen levels (normoxia), HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) hydroxylate proline residues on HIF-α subunits leading to their destabilization by promoting ubiquitination by the von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) ubiquitin ligase and subsequent proteasomal degradation. HIF-α transactivation is also repressed in an O2-dependent way due to asparaginyl hydroxylation by the factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH). In hypoxia, the O2-dependent hydroxylation of HIF-α subunits by PHDs and FIH is reduced, resulting in HIF-α accumulation, dimerization with HIF-β and migration into the nucleus to induce an adaptive transcriptional response. Although HIFs are the canonical substrates for PHD- and FIH-mediated protein hydroxylation, increasing evidence indicates that these hydroxylases may also have alternative targets. In addition to PHD-conferred alterations in protein stability, there is now evidence that hydroxylation can affect protein activity and protein/protein interactions for alternative substrates. PHDs can be pharmacologically inhibited by a new class of drugs termed prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors which have recently been approved for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. The identification of alternative targets of HIF hydroxylases is important in order to fully elucidate the pharmacology of hydroxylase inhibitors (PHI). Despite significant technical advances, screening, detection and verification of alternative functional targets for PHDs and FIH remain challenging. In this review, we discuss recently proposed non-HIF targets for PHDs and FIH and provide an overview of the techniques used to identify these.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J Strowitzki
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
von Stockum S, Sanchez-Martinez A, Corrà S, Chakraborty J, Marchesan E, Locatello L, Da Rè C, Cusumano P, Caicci F, Ferrari V, Costa R, Bubacco L, Rasotto MB, Szabo I, Whitworth AJ, Scorrano L, Ziviani E. Inhibition of the deubiquitinase USP8 corrects a Drosophila PINK1 model of mitochondria dysfunction. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201900392. [PMID: 30988163 PMCID: PMC6467245 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial dynamics disrupts mitochondrial function and contributes to disease conditions. A targeted RNA interference screen for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) affecting protein levels of multifunctional mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin (MFN) identified USP8 prominently influencing MFN levels. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of USP8 normalized the elevated MFN protein levels observed in PINK1 and Parkin-deficient models. This correlated with improved mitochondrial function, locomotor performance and life span, and prevented dopaminergic neurons loss in Drosophila PINK1 KO flies. We identified a novel target antagonizing pathologically elevated MFN levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dopaminergic neuron loss of a Drosophila model of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha Corrà
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Lisa Locatello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Da Rè
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Cusumano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Vanni Ferrari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Neurogenetics and Behavior of Drosophila Lab, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Ziviani
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, IRCCS, Venezia, Italy,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Wakimoto H. Deubiquitinating ALDH1A3 key to maintaining the culprit of aggressive brain cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1833-1835. [PMID: 30958802 DOI: 10.1172/jci128742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells sustain propagation of the deadly primary brain cancer glioblastoma. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) characterized by a mesenchymal phenotype are aggressive and resistant to therapies and represent a crucial therapeutic target. In this issue of the JCI, Chen et al. show that the intracellular levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3), known as a functional marker of mesenchymal GSCs, are regulated posttranslationally by ubiquitin-specific protease 9X-mediated (USP9X-mediated) deubiquitination. Increased expression of USP9X stabilizes ALDH1A3, enabling GSCs to exhibit mesenchymal traits and the malignant phenotype. Thus, the USP9X-ALDH1A3 axis may offer a novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
113
|
Chen Z, Wang HW, Wang S, Fan L, Feng S, Cai X, Peng C, Wu X, Lu J, Chen D, Chen Y, Wu W, Lu D, Liu N, You Y, Wang H. USP9X deubiquitinates ALDH1A3 and maintains mesenchymal identity in glioblastoma stem cells. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2043-2055. [PMID: 30958800 DOI: 10.1172/jci126414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal (MES) subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) represents a subpopulation of cancer cells that are notorious for their highly aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapy. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) has been recently suggested as a key determinant for the maintenance of MES features of GSCs. However, the mechanisms underpinning aberrant ALDH1A3 expression remain elusive. Here, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) as a bona fide deubiquitinase of ALDH1A3 in MES GSCs. USP9X interacted with, depolyubiquitylated, and stabilized ALDH1A3. Moreover, we showed that FACS-sorted USP9Xhi cells were enriched for MES GSCs with high ALDH1A3 activity and potent tumorigenic capacity. Depletion of USP9X markedly downregulated ALDH1A3, resulting in a loss of self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of MES GSCs, which could be largely rescued by ectopic expression of ALDH1A3. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the USP9X inhibitor WP1130 induced ALDH1A3 degradation and showed marked therapeutic efficacy in MES GSC-derived orthotopic xenograft models. Additionally, USP9X strongly correlated with ALDH1A3 expression in primary human GBM samples and had a prognostic value for patients with the MES subgroup. Collectively, our findings unveil USP9X as a key deubiquitinase for ALDH1A3 protein stabilization and a potential target for GSC-directed therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | - Ligang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenghao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Wenting Wu
- Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Rajderkar S, Mann JM, Panaretos C, Yumoto K, Li HD, Mishina Y, Ralston B, Kaartinen V. Trim33 is required for appropriate development of pre-cardiogenic mesoderm. Dev Biol 2019; 450:101-114. [PMID: 30940539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cardiac malformations are among the most common birth defects in humans. Here we show that Trim33, a member of the Tif1 subfamily of tripartite domain containing transcriptional cofactors, is required for appropriate differentiation of the pre-cardiogenic mesoderm during a narrow time window in late gastrulation. While mesoderm-specific Trim33 mutants did not display noticeable phenotypes, epiblast-specific Trim33 mutant embryos developed ventricular septal defects, showed sparse trabeculation and abnormally thin compact myocardium, and died as a result of cardiac failure during late gestation. Differentiating embryoid bodies deficient in Trim33 showed an enrichment of gene sets associated with cardiac differentiation and contractility, while the total number of cardiac precursor cells was reduced. Concordantly, cardiac progenitor cell proliferation was reduced in Trim33-deficient embryos. ChIP-Seq performed using antibodies against Trim33 in differentiating embryoid bodies revealed more than 4000 peaks, which were significantly enriched close to genes implicated in stem cell maintenance and mesoderm development. Nearly half of the Trim33 peaks overlapped with binding sites of the Ctcf insulator protein. Our results suggest that Trim33 is required for appropriate differentiation of precardiogenic mesoderm during late gastrulation and that it will likely mediate some of its functions via multi-protein complexes, many of which include the chromatin architectural and insulator protein Ctcf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Rajderkar
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Mann
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Panaretos
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hong-Dong Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Ralston
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Blackburn PR, Davila JI, Jackson RA, Fadra N, Atiq MA, Pitel BA, Nair AA, VanDeWalker TJ, Hessler MG, Hovel SK, Wehrs RN, Fritchie KJ, Jenkins RB, Halling KC, Geiersbach KB. RNA sequencing identifies a novel
USP9X‐USP6
promoter swap gene fusion in a primary aneurysmal bone cyst. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:589-594. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime I. Davila
- Department of Health Science ResearchMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Rory A. Jackson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Numrah Fadra
- Department of Health Science ResearchMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Mazen A. Atiq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Beth A. Pitel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Asha A. Nair
- Department of Health Science ResearchMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Todd J. VanDeWalker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Mark G. Hessler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Sara K. Hovel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Rebecca N. Wehrs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Karen J. Fritchie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Kevin C. Halling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Derynck R, Budi EH. Specificity, versatility, and control of TGF-β family signaling. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/570/eaav5183. [PMID: 30808818 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if not all, cell lineages and many aspects of cell and tissue physiology in multicellular eukaryotes. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling leads to developmental anomalies and disease, whereas enhanced TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer and fibrosis. Here, we review the fundamentals of the signaling mechanisms that are initiated upon TGF-β ligand binding to its cell surface receptors and the dependence of the signaling responses on input from and cooperation with other signaling pathways. We discuss how cells exquisitely control the functional presentation and activation of heteromeric receptor complexes of transmembrane, dual-specificity kinases and, thus, define their context-dependent responsiveness to ligands. We also introduce the mechanisms through which proteins called Smads act as intracellular effectors of ligand-induced gene expression responses and show that the specificity and impressive versatility of Smad signaling depend on cross-talk from other pathways. Last, we discuss how non-Smad signaling mechanisms, initiated by distinct ligand-activated receptor complexes, complement Smad signaling and thus contribute to cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Erine H Budi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Kim SY, Baek KH. TGF-β signaling pathway mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:653-665. [PMID: 30349992 PMCID: PMC11105597 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible cellular process mediated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, whereas deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) detach the covalently conjugated ubiquitin from target substrates to counter ubiquitination. DUBs play a crucial role in regulating various signal transduction pathways and biological processes including apoptosis, cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, metastasis, differentiation, etc. Since the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway participates in various cellular functions such as inflammation, metastasis and embryogenesis, aberrant regulation of TGF-β signaling induces abnormal cellular functions resulting in numerous diseases. This review focuses on DUBs regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of DUBs involved in TGF-β signaling pathway, and biological and therapeutic implications for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Han KJ, Wu Z, Pearson CG, Peng J, Song K, Liu CW. Deubiquitylase USP9X maintains centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing pericentriolar material 1 protein. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.221663. [PMID: 30584065 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are small cytoplasmic granules that play important roles in regulating the formation of centrosomes and primary cilia. Ubiquitylation of satellite proteins, including the core satellite scaffold protein pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), regulates centriolar satellite integrity. Currently, deubiquitylases that control centriolar satellite integrity have not been identified. In this study, we find that the deubiquitylase USP9X binds PCM1, and antagonizes PCM1 ubiquitylation to protect it from proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of USP9X in human cell lines reduces PCM1 protein levels, disrupts centriolar satellite particles and causes localization of satellite proteins, such as CEP290, to centrosomes. Interestingly, knockdown of mindbomb 1 (MIB1), a ubiquitin ligase that promotes PCM1 ubiquitylation and degradation, in USP9X-depleted cells largely restores PCM1 protein levels and corrects defects caused by the loss of USP9X. Overall, our study reveals that USP9X is a constituent of centriolar satellites and functions to maintain centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing PCM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chang-Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Lee HJ. The Role of Tripartite Motif Family Proteins in TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:162-169. [PMID: 30671398 PMCID: PMC6330992 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.4.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling plays a tumor suppressive role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes tumor progression during the late stages of tumor development. The TGF-β signaling pathway is tightly regulated at various levels, including transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Ubiquitination of signaling components, such as receptors and Smad proteins is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β signaling. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Recent emerging studies have shown that some TRIM family proteins function as important regulators in tumor initiation and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of TRIM family proteins regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway with relevance to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Mamidi A, Prawiro C, Seymour PA, de Lichtenberg KH, Jackson A, Serup P, Semb H. Mechanosignalling via integrins directs fate decisions of pancreatic progenitors. Nature 2018; 564:114-118. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
121
|
Li H, Cui Y, Wei J, Liu C, Chen Y, Cui CP, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang L. VCP/p97 increases BMP signaling by accelerating ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 degradation. FASEB J 2018; 33:2928-2943. [PMID: 30335548 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801173r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the control of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast activity. It is known that the ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor (Smurf)1 is a master negative regulator of BMP signaling, but how its stability and activity are regulated remains poorly understood. Our study showed that valosin-containing protein/p97, the mutations of which lead to rare forms of Paget's disease of bone (PDB)-like syndrome-such as inclusion body myopathy (IBM) associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBM-PFD)-together with its adaptor nuclear protein localization (NPL)4, specifically interact with Smurf1 and deliver the ubiquitinated Smurf1 for degradation. Depletion of either p97 or NPL4 resulted in the elevation of Smurf1 protein level and decreased BMP signaling accordingly. Mechanically, a typical proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine motif specifically existing in Smurf1 is necessary for its recognition and degradation by p97, and this process is dependent on p97 ATPase activity. More importantly, compared with p97 WT, PDB-associated mutation of p97 (mainly A232E) harboring the higher ATPase activity of p97 further promoted Smurf1 degradation, thus increasing BMP signaling activity. Our findings first establish a link between p97 and Smurf1, providing an in-depth understanding of how Smurf1 is regulated, as well as the mechanism of p97-related bone diseases.-Li, H., Cui, Y., Wei, J., Liu, C., Chen, Y., Cui, C.-P., Li, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, L. VCP/p97 increases BMP signaling by accelerating ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital Graduate Training Base, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital Graduate Training Base, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Wang L, Tong X, Zhou Z, Wang S, Lei Z, Zhang T, Liu Z, Zeng Y, Li C, Zhao J, Su Z, Zhang C, Liu X, Xu G, Zhang HT. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:140. [PMID: 30261900 PMCID: PMC6161470 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β promotes tumor invasion and metastasis through inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recognized as functional non-coding RNAs involved in human cancers. However, whether and how circRNAs contribute to TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis in NSCLC remain vague. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) in TGF-β-induced EMT and tumor metastasis, as well as a link between circPTK2 and transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1γ) in NSCLC. METHODS Circular RNAs were determined by human circRNA Array analysis, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and northern blot. Luciferase reporter, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were employed to test the interaction between circPTK2 and miR-429/miR-200b-3p. Ectopic overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of circPTK2, TGF-β-induced EMT, Transwell migration and invasion in vitro, and in vivo experiment of metastasis were used to evaluate the function of circPTK2. Transcription and prognosis analyses were done in public databases. RESULTS CircPTK2 and TIF1γ were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC cells undergoing EMT induced by TGF-β. CircPTK2 overexpression augmented TIF1γ expression, inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion, whereas circPTK2 knockdown had the opposite effects. CircPTK2 functions as a sponge of miR-429/miR-200b-3p, and miR-429/miR-200b-3p promote TGF-β-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion by targeting TIF1γ. CircPTK2 overexpression inhibited the invasion-promoting phenotype of endogenous miR-429/miR-200b-3p in NSCLC cells in response to TGF-β. CircPTK2 overexpression significantly decreased the expression of Snail, an important downstream transcriptional activator of TGF-β/Smad signaling. In an in vivo experiment of metastasis, circPTK2 overexpression suppressed NSCLC cell metastasis. Moreover, circPTK2 expression was dramatically down-regulated and positively correlated with TIF1γ expression in human NSCLC tissues. Especially, circPTK2 was significantly lower in metastatic NSCLC tissues than non-metastatic counterparts. CONCLUSION Our findings show that circPTK2 (hsa_circ_0008305) inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in NSCLC, revealing a novel mechanism by which circRNA regulates TGF-β-induced EMT and tumor metastasis, and suggesting that circPTK2 overexpression could provide a therapeutic strategy for advanced NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Xin Tong
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000 China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhiyue Su
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Xia Liu
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Guangquan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Sanglard LP, Nascimento M, Moriel P, Sommer J, Ashwell M, Poore MH, Duarte MDS, Serão NVL. Impact of energy restriction during late gestation on the muscle and blood transcriptome of beef calves after preconditioning. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:702. [PMID: 30253751 PMCID: PMC6156876 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal nutrition has been highlighted as one of the main factors affecting intra-uterine environment. The increase in nutritional requirements by beef cows during late gestation can cause nutritional deficiency in the fetus and impact the fetal regulation of genes associated with myogenesis and immune response. Methods Forty days before the expected calving date, cows were assigned to one of two diets: 100% (control) or 70% (restricted group) of the daily energy requirement. Muscle samples were collected from 12 heifers and 12 steers, and blood samples were collected from 12 steers. The objective of this work was to identify and to assess the biological relevance of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the skeletal muscle and blood of beef calves born from cows that experienced [or not] a 30% energy restriction during the last 40 days of gestation. Results A total of 160, 164, and 346 DEG (q-value< 0.05) were identified in the skeletal muscle for the effects of diet, sex, and diet-by-sex interaction, respectively. For blood, 452, 1392, and 155 DEG were identified for the effects of diet, time, and diet-by-time interaction, respectively. For skeletal muscle, results based on diet identified genes involved in muscle metabolism. In muscle, from the 10 most DEG down-regulated in the energy-restricted group (REST), we identified 5 genes associated with muscle metabolism and development: SLCO3A1, ATP6V0D1, SLC2A1, GPC4, and RASD2. In blood, among the 10 most DEG, we found genes related to response to stress up-regulated in the REST after weaning, such as SOD3 and INO80D, and to immune response down-regulated in the REST after vaccination, such as OASL, KLRF1, and LOC104968634. Conclusion In conclusion, maternal energy restriction during late gestation may limit the expression of genes in the muscle and increase expression in the blood of calves. In addition, enrichment analysis showed that a short-term maternal energy restriction during pregnancy affects the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and muscle contraction, and immunity and stress response in the blood. Therefore, alterations in the intra-uterine environment can modify prenatal development with lasting consequences to adult life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia P Sanglard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA.,Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Moysés Nascimento
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA.,Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Philipe Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida, 33865, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sommer
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Melissa Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Matthew H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Márcio de S Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Ciência Animal, Viçosa, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Nick V L Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA. .,Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
IRS-2 deubiquitination by USP9X maintains anchorage-independent cell growth via Erk1/2 activation in prostate carcinoma cell line. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33871-33883. [PMID: 30338032 PMCID: PMC6188063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have been shown to induce proliferation of many types of cells. Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are major targets of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase activated by IGFs, and are known to play important roles in the activation of downstream signaling pathways, such as the Erk1/2 pathway. Dysregulation of IGF signaling represents a central tumor promoting principle in human carcinogenesis. Prostate carcinoma is highly dependent on the IGF/IGF-IR/IRS axis. Here we identified the deubiquitinase, ubiquitin specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) as a novel binding partner of IRS-2. In a human prostate carcinoma cell line, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of USP9X reduced IGF-IR as well as IRS-2 protein levels and increased their ubiquitination. Knockdown of USP9X suppressed basal activation of the Erk1/2 pathway, which was significantly restored by exogenous expression of IRS-2 but not by IGF-IR, suggesting that the stabilization of IRS-2 by USP9X is critical for basal Erk1/2 activation. Finally, we measured anchorage-independent cell growth, a characteristic cancer feature, by soft-agar colony formation assay. Knockdown of USP9X significantly reduced anchorage-independent cell growth of prostate carcinoma cell line. Taken all together, our findings indicate that USP9X is required for the promotion of prostate cancer growth by maintaining the activation of the Erk1/2 pathway through IRS-2 stabilization.
Collapse
|
125
|
Desuppression of TGF-β signaling via nuclear c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of TIF1γ/TRIM33 at Tyr-524, -610, and -1048. Oncogene 2018; 38:637-655. [PMID: 30177833 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine kinases regulate a broad range of intracellular processes occurring primarily just beneath the plasma membrane. With the greatest care to prevent dephosphorylation, we have shown that nuclear tyrosine phosphorylation regulates global chromatin structural states. However, the roles for tyrosine phosphorylation in the nucleus are poorly understood. Here we identify transcriptional intermediary factor 1-γ (TIF1γ/TRIM33/Ectodermin), which suppresses transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling through the association with Smad2/3 transcription factor, as a new nuclear substrate of c-Abl tyrosine kinase. Replacement of the three tyrosine residues Tyr-524, -610, and -1048 with phenylalanine (3YF) inhibits c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of TIF1γ and enhances TIF1γ's association with Smad3. Importantly, knockdown-rescue experiments show that 3YF strengthens TIF1γ's ability to suppress TGF-β signaling. Intriguingly, activation of c-Abl by epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces desuppression of TGF-β signaling via enhancing the tyrosine phosphorylation level of TIF1γ. TGF-β together with EGF synergistically provokes desuppressive responses of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through tyrosine phosphorylation of TIF1γ. These results suggest that nuclear c-Abl-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of TIF1γ has a desuppressive role in TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling.
Collapse
|
126
|
The p53 Pathway in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090297. [PMID: 30200436 PMCID: PMC6162501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor and transcription factor p53 plays critical roles in tumor prevention by orchestrating a wide variety of cellular responses, including damaged cell apoptosis, maintenance of genomic stability, inhibition of angiogenesis, and regulation of cell metabolism and tumor microenvironment. TP53 is one of the most commonly deregulated genes in cancer. The p53-ARF-MDM2 pathway is deregulated in 84% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients and 94% of GBM cell lines. Deregulated p53 pathway components have been implicated in GBM cell invasion, migration, proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and cancer cell stemness. These pathway components are also regulated by various microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. TP53 mutations in GBM are mostly point mutations that lead to a high expression of a gain of function (GOF) oncogenic variants of the p53 protein. These relatively understudied GOF p53 mutants promote GBM malignancy, possibly by acting as transcription factors on a set of genes other than those regulated by wild type p53. Their expression correlates with worse prognosis, highlighting their potential importance as markers and targets for GBM therapy. Understanding mutant p53 functions led to the development of novel approaches to restore p53 activity or promote mutant p53 degradation for future GBM therapies.
Collapse
|
127
|
Deubiquitinating Enzymes and Bone Remodeling. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3712083. [PMID: 30123285 PMCID: PMC6079350 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3712083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling, which is essential for bone homeostasis, is controlled by multiple factors and mechanisms. In the past few years, studies have emphasized the role of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system in regulating bone remodeling. Deubiquitinases, which are grouped into five families, remove ubiquitin from target proteins and are involved in several cell functions. Importantly, a number of deubiquitinases mediate bone remodeling through regulating differentiation and/or function of osteoblast and osteoclasts. In this review, we review the functions and mechanisms of deubiquitinases in mediating bone remodeling.
Collapse
|
128
|
Tanaka S, Jiang Y, Martinez GJ, Tanaka K, Yan X, Kurosaki T, Kaartinen V, Feng XH, Tian Q, Wang X, Dong C. Trim33 mediates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1853-1868. [PMID: 29930104 PMCID: PMC6028517 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates reciprocal regulatory T cell (T reg) and T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation, the underlying mechanism of which is still not understood. Here, we report that tripartite motif-containing 33 (Trim33), a modulator of TGF-β signaling that associates with Smad2, regulates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells. Trim33 deficiency in T cells ameliorated an autoimmune disease in vivo. Trim33 was required for induction in vitro of Th17, but not T reg cells. Moreover, Smad4 and Trim33 play contrasting roles in the regulation of IL-10 expression; loss of Trim33 enhanced IL-10 production. Furthermore, Trim33 was recruited to the Il17a and Il10 gene loci, dependent on Smad2, and mediated their chromatin remodeling during Th17 differentiation. Trim33 thus promotes the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells by inducing IL-17 and suppressing IL-10 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gustavo J Martinez
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biological and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for System Biology, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China .,Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Kaushal K, Antao AM, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Deubiquitinating enzymes in cancer stem cells: functions and targeted inhibition for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1974-1982. [PMID: 29864528 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancers to evade conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, has been attributed to a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are regulated by mechanisms similar to those that regulate normal stem cells (NSCs), including processes involving ubiquitination and deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) that regulate the expression of various factors, such as Notch, Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Hippo. In this review, we discuss the roles of various DUBs involved in the regulation of core stem cell transcription factors and CSC-related proteins that are implicated in the modulation of cellular processes and carcinogenesis. In addition, we discuss the various DUB inhibitors that have been designed to target processes relevant to cancer and CSC maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Li S, Zhao J, Shang D, Kass DJ, Zhao Y. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination emerge as players in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis and treatment. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120362. [PMID: 29769446 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease that is associated with aberrant activation of TGF-β, myofibroblast differentiation, and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Proper regulation of protein stability is important for maintenance of intracellular protein homeostasis and signaling. Ubiquitin E3 ligases mediate protein ubiquitination, and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the process. The role of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs in the pathogenesis of IPF is relatively unexplored. In this review, we provide an overview of how ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs modulate pulmonary fibrosis through regulation of both TGF-β-dependent and -independent pathways. We also summarize currently available small-molecule inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Zhang X, Luo P, Jing W, Zhou H, Liang C, Tu J. circSMAD2 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting miR-629 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2853-2863. [PMID: 29844683 PMCID: PMC5962255 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of widely distributed non-coding RNAs, which drew little attention for decades. Recent studies show that circRNAs are involved in cancer progression. Methods The circSMAD2 expression in HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the biological function of circSMAD2 was explored by proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and Western blot assays. Next, the dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the target miRNA of circSMAD2. Finally, circSMAD2 and its target miRNA were co-transfected in HCC cells to investigate their relationship to HCC progression. Results In this study, we found that circRNA SMAD2 (circSMAD2) expression was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues (P = 0.014) compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues and markedly associated with the differentiation degree of the HCC tissues (P < 0.001). The in vitro experiments showed that overexpressed circSMAD2 inhibited the migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells. Bioinformatics predicted that miR-629 is a potential target of circSMAD2, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-629 directly bound circSMAD2. In addition, we found that overexpression of circSMAD2 suppressed the expression of miR-629 in HCC cells, whereas knockdown of circSMAD2 upregulated the expression of miR-629. Furthermore, co-transfection of miR-629 mimics with circSMAD2 reversed the circSMAD2 effects of inhibiting the migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells. Conclusion Altogether, our data support that circSMAD2 inhibits the migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells by targeting miR-629.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Li L, Liu T, Li Y, Wu C, Luo K, Yin Y, Chen Y, Nowsheen S, Wu J, Lou Z, Yuan J. The deubiquitinase USP9X promotes tumor cell survival and confers chemoresistance through YAP1 stabilization. Oncogene 2018; 37:2422-2431. [PMID: 29449692 PMCID: PMC5940338 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a major downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, functions as a transcriptional regulator and has an important role in cellular control of organ size and tumor growth. Elevated oncogenic activity of YAP1 has been clarified in different types of human cancers, which contributes to cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. However, the molecular mechanism of YAP1 overexpression in cancer is still not clear. Here we demonstrate that the deubiquitination enzyme USP9X deubiquitinates and stabilizes YAP1, thereby promoting cancer cell survival. Increased USP9X expression correlates with increased YAP1 protein in human breast cancer cell lines and patient samples. Moreover, depletion of USP9X increases YAP1 polyubiquitination, which in turn elevates YAP1 turnover and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Overall, our study establishes the USP9X-YAP1 axis as an important regulatory mechanism of breast cancer and provides a rationale for potential therapeutic interventions in the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yunhui Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chenming Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yujiao Yin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jinhuan Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Santinon G, Brian I, Pocaterra A, Romani P, Franzolin E, Rampazzo C, Bicciato S, Dupont S. dNTP metabolism links mechanical cues and YAP/TAZ to cell growth and oncogene-induced senescence. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797780. [PMID: 29650681 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP/TAZ, downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway, are powerful regulators of cancer growth. How these factors control proliferation remains poorly defined. Here, we found that YAP/TAZ directly regulate expression of key enzymes involved in deoxynucleotide biosynthesis and maintain dNTP precursor pools in human cancer cells. Regulation of deoxynucleotide metabolism is required for YAP-induced cell growth and underlies the resistance of YAP-addicted cells to chemotherapeutics targeting dNTP synthesis. During RAS-induced senescence, YAP/TAZ bypass RAS-mediated inhibition of nucleotide metabolism and control senescence. Endogenous YAP/TAZ targets and signatures are inhibited by RAS/MEK1 during senescence, and depletion of YAP/TAZ is sufficient to cause senescence-associated phenotypes, suggesting a role for YAP/TAZ in suppression of senescence. Finally, mechanical cues, such as ECM stiffness and cell geometry, regulate senescence in a YAP-dependent manner. This study indicates that YAP/TAZ couples cell proliferation with a metabolism suited for DNA replication and facilitates escape from oncogene-induced senescence. We speculate that this activity might be relevant during the initial phases of tumour progression or during experimental stem cell reprogramming induced by YAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santinon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Brian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Pocaterra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Saez I, Koyuncu S, Gutierrez-Garcia R, Dieterich C, Vilchez D. Insights into the ubiquitin-proteasome system of human embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4092. [PMID: 29511261 PMCID: PMC5840266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) exhibit high levels of proteasome activity, an intrinsic characteristic required for their self-renewal, pluripotency and differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which enhanced proteasome activity maintains hESC identity are only partially understood. Besides its essential role for the ability of hESCs to suppress misfolded protein aggregation, we hypothesize that enhanced proteasome activity could also be important to degrade endogenous regulatory factors. Since E3 ubiquitin ligases are responsible for substrate selection, we first define which E3 enzymes are increased in hESCs compared with their differentiated counterparts. Among them, we find HECT-domain E3 ligases such as HERC2 and UBE3A as well as several RING-domain E3s, including UBR7 and RNF181. Systematic characterization of their interactome suggests a link with hESC identity. Moreover, loss of distinct up-regulated E3s triggers significant changes at the transcriptome and proteome level of hESCs. However, these alterations do not dysregulate pluripotency markers and differentiation ability. On the contrary, global proteasome inhibition impairs diverse processes required for hESC identity, including protein synthesis, rRNA maturation, telomere maintenance and glycolytic metabolism. Thus, our data indicate that high proteasome activity is coupled with other determinant biological processes of hESC identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Saez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ricardo Gutierrez-Garcia
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Klaus Tschira Institute for Computational Cardiology, Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Neuenheimer Feld 669, University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Ali I, Conrad RJ, Verdin E, Ott M. Lysine Acetylation Goes Global: From Epigenetics to Metabolism and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1216-1252. [PMID: 29405707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational acetylation of lysine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in all eukaryotic organisms. Originally discovered in 1963 as a unique modification of histones, acetylation marks are now found on thousands of nonhistone proteins located in virtually every cellular compartment. Here we summarize key findings in the field of protein acetylation over the past 20 years with a focus on recent discoveries in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments. Collectively, these findings have elevated protein acetylation as a major post-translational modification, underscoring its physiological relevance in gene regulation, cell signaling, metabolism, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Ali
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan J Conrad
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging , Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
SMAD4 feedback regulates the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway to control granulosa cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:151. [PMID: 29396446 PMCID: PMC5833407 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canonical TGF-β signals are transduced from the cell surface to the cytoplasm, and then translocated into the nucleus, a process that involves ligands (TGF-β1), receptors (TGFBR2/1), receptor-activated SMADs (SMAD2/3), and the common SMAD (SMAD4). Here we provide evidence that SMAD4, a core component of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, regulates the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway in porcine granulosa cells (GCs) through a feedback mechanism. Genome-wide analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that SMAD4 affected miRNA biogenesis in GCs. Interestingly, TGFBR2, the type II receptor of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, was downregulated in SMAD4-silenced GCs and found to be a common target of SMAD4-inhibited miRNAs. miR-425, the most significantly elevated miRNA in SMAD4-silenced GCs, mediated the SMAD4 feedback regulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. This was accomplished through a direct interaction between the transcription factor SMAD4 and the miR-425 promoter, and a direct interaction between miR-425 and the TGFBR2 3′-UTR. Furthermore, miR-425 enhanced GC apoptosis by targeting TGFBR2 and the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, which was rescued by SMAD4 and TGF-β1. Overall, our findings demonstrate that a positive feedback mechanism exists within the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway. This study also provides new insights into mechanism underlying the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, which regulates GC function and follicular development.
Collapse
|
137
|
USP9X destabilizes pVHL and promotes cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60519-60534. [PMID: 27517496 PMCID: PMC5312400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous mutations of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene have been reported to cause dysfunction of VHL protein (pVHL) and lead to processes related to tumor progression. pVHL acts as an E3 ligase and degrades downstream targets, such as hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) which is essential for tumor growth. Previous studies reported reduction of VHL protein, rather than mRNA in VHL-related tumor patients, suggesting that instability of the pVHL protein itself is a primary cause of dysfunction. Regulation of pVHL stability has therefore been a major focus of research. We report that ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X), which is a deubiquitinase binds and promotes degradation of both wild-type and mutants of pVHL that retain E3 ligase function, thus activating the HIF pathway. USP9X degrades pVHL through protection of its substrate, the newly identified pVHL E3 ligase Smurf1. In addition, USP9X activates glycolysis and promotes cell proliferation through pVHL. Treatment with a USP9X inhibitor shows an effect similar to USP9X knockdown in pVHL induction, and suppresses HIF activity. Our findings demonstrate that USP9X is a novel regulator of pVHL stability, and USP9X may be a therapeutic target for treatment of VHL-related tumors.
Collapse
|
138
|
SIRT6-dependent cysteine monoubiquitination in the PRE-SET domain of Suv39h1 regulates the NF-κB pathway. Nat Commun 2018; 9:101. [PMID: 29317652 PMCID: PMC5760577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that facilitate cellular stress response. They include SirT6, which protects genome stability and regulates metabolic homeostasis through gene silencing, and whose loss induces an accelerated aging phenotype directly linked to hyperactivation of the NF-κB pathway. Here we show that SirT6 binds to the H3K9me3-specific histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 and induces monoubiquitination of conserved cysteines in the PRE-SET domain of Suv39h1. Following activation of NF-κB signaling Suv39h1 is released from the IκBα locus, subsequently repressing the NF-κB pathway. We propose that SirT6 attenuates the NF-κB pathway through IκBα upregulation via cysteine monoubiquitination and chromatin eviction of Suv39h1. We suggest a mechanism based on SirT6-mediated enhancement of a negative feedback loop that restricts the NF-κB pathway. Sirtuins are involved in the regulation of responses to diverse types of cellular stress. Here the authors describe the SirT6-dependent cysteine monoubiquitination of the histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 as part of a regulatory circuit for the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
139
|
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor OTUD1 deubiquitinates SMAD7. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2116. [PMID: 29235476 PMCID: PMC5727433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients. TGF-β is pro-metastatic for malignant cancer cells. Here we report a loss-of-function screen in mice with metastasis as readout and identify OTUD1 as a metastasis-repressing factor. OTUD1-silenced cancer cells show mesenchymal and stem-cell-like characteristics. Further investigation reveals that OTUD1 directly deubiquitinates the TGF-β pathway inhibitor SMAD7 and prevents its degradation. Moreover, OTUD1 cleaves Lysine 33-linked poly-ubiquitin chains of SMAD7 Lysine 220, which exposes the SMAD7 PY motif, enabling SMURF2 binding and subsequent TβRI turnover at the cell surface. Importantly, OTUD1 is lost in multiple types of human cancers and loss of OTUD1 increases metastasis in intracardial xenograft and orthotopic transplantation models, and correlates with poor prognosis among breast cancer patients. High levels of OTUD1 inhibit cancer stemness and shut off metastasis. Thus, OTUD1 represses breast cancer metastasis by mitigating TGF-β-induced pro-oncogenic responses via deubiquitination of SMAD7.
Collapse
|
140
|
Fadlullah MZH, Chiang IKN, Dionne KR, Yee PS, Gan CP, Sam KK, Tiong KH, Ng AKW, Martin D, Lim KP, Kallarakkal TG, Mustafa WMW, Lau SH, Abraham MT, Zain RB, Rahman ZAA, Molinolo A, Patel V, Gutkind JS, Tan AC, Cheong SC. Genetically-defined novel oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines for the development of molecular therapies. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27802-18. [PMID: 27050151 PMCID: PMC5053689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging biological and translational insights from large sequencing efforts underscore the need for genetically-relevant cell lines to study the relationships between genomic alterations of tumors, and therapeutic dependencies. Here, we report a detailed characterization of a novel panel of clinically annotated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, derived from patients with diverse ethnicity and risk habits. Molecular analysis by RNAseq and copy number alterations (CNA) identified that the cell lines harbour CNA that have been previously reported in OSCC, for example focal amplications in 3q, 7p, 8q, 11q, 20q and deletions in 3p, 5q, 8p, 18q. Similarly, our analysis identified the same cohort of frequently mutated genes previously reported in OSCC including TP53, CDKN2A, EPHA2, FAT1, NOTCH1, CASP8 and PIK3CA. Notably, we identified mutations (MLL4, USP9X, ARID2) in cell lines derived from betel quid users that may be associated with this specific risk factor. Gene expression profiles of the ORL lines also aligned with those reported for OSCC. By focusing on those gene expression signatures that are predictive of chemotherapeutic response, we observed that the ORL lines broadly clustered into three groups (cell cycle, xenobiotic metabolism, others). The ORL lines noted to be enriched in cell cycle genes responded preferentially to the CDK1 inhibitor RO3306, by MTT cell viability assay. Overall, our in-depth characterization of clinically annotated ORL lines provides new insight into the molecular alterations synonymous with OSCC, which can facilitate in the identification of biomarkers that can be used to guide diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivy Kim-Ni Chiang
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kalen R Dionne
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Pei San Yee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Phei Gan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kin Kit Sam
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Hung Tiong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Daniel Martin
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shin Hin Lau
- Stomatology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mannil Thomas Abraham
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Fu X, Xie W, Song X, Wu K, Xiao L, Liu Y, Zhang L. Aberrant expression of deubiquitylating enzyme USP9X predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:687-692. [PMID: 28274596 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), a member of deubiquitylating enzymes family, has recently been reported to be associated with a variety of cancer progression. While it functions as either oncogene or tumor suppressor in a context-dependent manner, the expression and role of USP9X in gastric cancer is largely unknown. METHODS Sixty-eight cases of patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. The expression of USP9X and MCL1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. USP9X expression was further analyzed by Western blot. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between USP9X and MCL1 expression, as well as USP9X expression and clinicopathologic parameters of gastric cancer. Finally, the significance of USP9X expression in gastric cancer was analyzed by both Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS USP9X expression significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared to matched normal tissues. Moreover, expression of USP9X was positive correlated with MCL1 expression (P=0.006) and significant associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.016), distant metastasis (P=0.001) and tumor staging (P=0.013) in gastric cancer. Importantly, the increasing expression of USP9X in gastric cancer reduces overall survival rate and was an independent factor predicts poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS In this study, deubiquitylating enzyme USP9X was overexpressed in gastric cancer, suggesting a potential implication as an oncogene, and was significantly associated with a poorer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013 Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxue Song
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linkang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Zhu C, Ji X, Zhang H, Zhou Q, Cao X, Tang M, Si Y, Yan H, Li L, Liang T, Feng XH, Zhao B. Deubiquitylase USP9X suppresses tumorigenesis by stabilizing large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) in the Hippo pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1178-1191. [PMID: 29183995 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays important roles in controlling organ size and in suppressing tumorigenesis through large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2)-mediated phosphorylation of YAP/TAZ transcription co-activators. The kinase activity of LATS1/2 is regulated by phosphorylation in response to extracellular signals. Moreover, LATS2 protein levels are repressed by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in conditions such as hypoxia. However, the mechanism that removes the ubiquitin modification from LATS2 and thereby stabilizes the protein is not well understood. Here, using tandem affinity purification (TAP), we found that anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase complex, and USP9X, a deubiquitylase, specifically interact with LATS2. We also found that although APC1 co-localizes with LATS2 to intracellular vesicle structures, it does not regulate LATS2 protein levels and activity. In contrast, USP9X ablation drastically diminished LATS2 protein levels. We further demonstrated that USP9X deubiquitinates LATS2 and thus prevents LATS2 degradation by the proteasome. Furthermore, in pancreatic cancer cells, USP9X loss activated YAP and enhanced the oncogenic potential of the cells. In addition, the tumorigenesis induced by the USP9X ablation depended not only on LATS2 repression, but also on YAP/TAZ activity. We conclude that USP9X is a deubiquitylase of the Hippo pathway kinase LATS2 and that the Hippo pathway functions as a downstream signaling cascade that mediates USP9X's tumor-suppressive activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Xinyan Ji
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Haitao Zhang
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Qi Zhou
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Xiaolei Cao
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Mei Tang
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Yuan Si
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Huan Yan
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Li Li
- the Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China and
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| | - Bin Zhao
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Abstract
Although growing numbers of oncoproteins and pro-metastatic proteins have been extensively characterized, many of these tumor-promoting proteins are not good drug targets, which represent a major barrier to curing breast cancer and other cancers. There is a need, therefore, for alternative therapeutic approaches to destroying cancer-promoting proteins. The human genome encodes approximately 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs, also called deubiquitinases), which are amenable to pharmacologic inhibition by small molecules. By removing monoubiquitin or polyubiquitin chains from the target protein, DUBs can modulate the degradation, localization, activity, trafficking, and recycling of the substrate, thereby contributing substantially to the regulation of cancer proteins and pathways. Targeting certain DUBs may lead to destabilization or functional inactivation of some key oncoproteins or pro-metastatic proteins, including non-druggable ones, which will provide therapeutic benefits to cancer patients. In breast cancer, growing numbers of DUBs are found to be aberrantly expressed. Depending on their substrates, specific DUBs can either promote or suppress mammary tumors. In this article, we review the role and mechanisms of action of DUBs in breast cancer and discuss the potential of targeting DUBs for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
144
|
Xiao X, Senavirathna LK, Gou X, Huang C, Liang Y, Liu L. EZH2 enhances the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12915. [PMID: 27582065 PMCID: PMC5027349 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in fibrotic foci is one of the characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic component of a multiprotein complex, polycomb repressive complex 2, which is involved in the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of EZH2 in the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. We found that EZH2 was upregulated in the lungs of patients with IPF and in mice with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The upregulation of EZH2 occurred in myofibroblasts. The inhibition of EZH2 by its inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) or an shRNA reduced the TGF-β1-induced differentiation of human lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, as demonstrated by the expression of the myofibroblast markers α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, and contractility. DZNep inhibited Smad2/3 nuclear translocation without affecting Smad2/3 phosphorylation. DZNep treatment attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. We conclude that EZH2 induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by enhancing Smad2/3 nuclear translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Lakmini K Senavirathna
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Xuxu Gou
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Yurong Liang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Kumari N, Jaynes PW, Saei A, Iyengar PV, Richard JLC, Eichhorn PJA. The roles of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in neoplastic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:456-483. [PMID: 28923280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The initial experiments performed by Rose, Hershko, and Ciechanover describing the identification of a specific degradation signal in short-lived proteins paved the way to the discovery of the ubiquitin mediated regulation of numerous physiological functions required for cellular homeostasis. Since their discovery of ubiquitin and ubiquitin function over 30years ago it has become wholly apparent that ubiquitin and their respective ubiquitin modifying enzymes are key players in tumorigenesis. The human genome encodes approximately 600 putative E3 ligases and 80 deubiquitinating enzymes and in the majority of cases these enzymes exhibit specificity in sustaining either pro-tumorigenic or tumour repressive responses. In this review, we highlight the known oncogenic and tumour suppressive effects of ubiquitin modifying enzymes in cancer relevant pathways with specific focus on PI3K, MAPK, TGFβ, WNT, and YAP pathways. Moreover, we discuss the capacity of targeting DUBs as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Kumari
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Patrick William Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Azad Saei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Upadhyay A, Moss-Taylor L, Kim MJ, Ghosh AC, O'Connor MB. TGF-β Family Signaling in Drosophila. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022152. [PMID: 28130362 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family signaling pathway is conserved and ubiquitous in animals. In Drosophila, fewer representatives of each signaling component are present compared with vertebrates, simplifying mechanistic study of the pathway. Although there are fewer family members, the TGF-β family pathway still regulates multiple and diverse functions in Drosophila. In this review, we focus our attention on several of the classic and best-studied functions for TGF-β family signaling in regulating Drosophila developmental processes such as embryonic and imaginal disc patterning, but we also describe several recently discovered roles in regulating hormonal, physiological, neuronal, innate immunity, and tissue homeostatic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambuj Upadhyay
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Lindsay Moss-Taylor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Myung-Jun Kim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Arpan C Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Michael B O'Connor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Gillespie SR, Tedesco LJ, Wang L, Bernstein AM. The deubiquitylase USP10 regulates integrin β1 and β5 and fibrotic wound healing. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3481-3495. [PMID: 28851806 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarring and fibrotic disease result from the persistence of myofibroblasts characterized by high surface expression of αv integrins and subsequent activation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) proteins; however, the mechanism controlling their surface abundance is unknown. Genetic screening revealed that human primary stromal corneal myofibroblasts overexpress a subset of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from proteins, preventing degradation. Silencing of the DUB USP10 induces a buildup of ubiquitin on integrins β1 and β5 in cell lysates, whereas recombinant USP10 removes ubiquitin from these integrin subunits. Correspondingly, the loss and gain of USP10 decreases and increases, respectively, αv/β1/β5 protein levels, without altering gene expression. Consequently, endogenous TGFβ is activated and the fibrotic markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cellular fibronectin (FN-EDA) are induced. Blocking either TGFβ signaling or cell-surface αv integrins after USP10 overexpression prevents or reduces fibrotic marker expression. Finally, silencing of USP10 in an ex vivo cornea organ culture model prevents the induction of fibrotic markers and promotes regenerative healing. This novel mechanism puts DUB expression at the head of a cascade regulating integrin abundance and suggests USP10 as a novel antifibrotic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Gillespie
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Liana J Tedesco
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Audrey M Bernstein
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Hochrainer K. Protein Modifications with Ubiquitin as Response to Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:157-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
149
|
Xia X, Zuo F, Luo M, Sun Y, Bai J, Xi Q. Role of TRIM33 in Wnt signaling during mesendoderm differentiation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1142-1149. [PMID: 28844090 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif 33 (TRIM33), a member of the transcription intermediate factor 1 (TIF1) family of transcription cofactors, mediates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling through its PHD-Bromo cassette in mesendoderm differentiation during early mouse embryonic development. However, the role of the TRIM33 RING domain in embryonic differentiation is less clear. Here, we report that TRIM33 mediates Wnt signaling by directly regulating the expression of a specific subset of Wnt target genes, and this action is independent of its RING domain. We show that TRIM33 interacts with β-catenin, a central player in Wnt signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). In contrast to previous reports in cancer cell lines, the RING domain does not appear to function as the E3 ligase for β-catenin, since neither knockout nor overexpression of TRIM33 had an effect on β-catenin protein levels in mESCs. Furthermore, we show that although TRIM33 seems to be dispensable for Wnt signaling through a reporter assay, loss of TRIM33 significantly impairs the expression of a subset of Wnt target genes, including Mixl1, in a Wnt signaling-dependent manner. Together, our results indicate that TRIM33 regulates Wnt signaling independent of the E3 ligase activity of its RING domain for β-catenin in mESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Feifei Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Maoguo Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianbo Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qiaoran Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Tang X, Shi L, Xie N, Liu Z, Qian M, Meng F, Xu Q, Zhou M, Cao X, Zhu WG, Liu B. SIRT7 antagonizes TGF-β signaling and inhibits breast cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:318. [PMID: 28827661 PMCID: PMC5566498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer-related death; however, effective therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis are still scarce. This is largely attributable to the spatiotemporal intratumor heterogeneity during metastasis. Here we show that protein deacetylase SIRT7 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer lung metastases in human and mice, and predicts metastasis-free survival. SIRT7 deficiency promotes breast cancer cell metastasis, while temporal expression of Sirt7 inhibits metastasis in polyomavirus middle T antigen breast cancer model. Mechanistically, SIRT7 deacetylates and promotes SMAD4 degradation mediated by β-TrCP1, and SIRT7 deficiency activates transforming growth factor-β signaling and enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Significantly, resveratrol activates SIRT7 deacetylase activity, inhibits breast cancer lung metastases, and increases survival. Our data highlight SIRT7 as a modulator of transforming growth factor-β signaling and suppressor of breast cancer metastasis, meanwhile providing an effective anti-metastatic therapeutic strategy.Metastatic disease is the major reason for breast cancer-related deaths; therefore, a better understanding of this process and its players is needed. Here the authors report the role of SIRT7 in inhibiting SMAD4-mediated breast cancer metastasis providing a possible therapeutic avenue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fanbiao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|