101
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Funke-Kaiser H, Unger T. The (Pro)renin Receptor - A Regulatory Nodal Point in Disease Networks. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1093-1098. [PMID: 37885110 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501250617231016052930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Experimental inhibition of the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a promising therapeutic strategy in different disease models ranging from cardiorenal to oncological entities. Here, we briefly review the direct protein-protein interaction partners of the (P)RR and the plethora of distinct diseases in which the (P)RR is involved. The first structural work on the (P)RR using AlphaFold, which was recently published by Ebihara et al., is the center of this mini-review since it can mechanistically link the protein-protein interaction level with the pathophysiological level. More detailed insights into the 3D structure of the (P)RR and its interaction domains might guide drug discovery on this novel target. Finally, antibody- and small molecule-based approaches to inhibit the (P)RR are shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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102
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Clinton TN, Chen Z, Wise H, Lenis AT, Chavan S, Donoghue MT, Almassi N, Chu CE, Dason S, Rao P, Rodrigues JA, Vasani NB, Ridouani F, Rosenberg JE, Bajorin DF, Teo MY, Bochner BH, Berger MF, Ostrovnaya I, Pietzak EJ, Iyer G, Gao SP, Hu W, Al-Ahmadie HA, Solit DB. Genomic heterogeneity as a barrier to precision oncology in urothelial cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111859. [PMID: 36543146 PMCID: PMC9882421 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology relies on the accurate molecular characterization of individual patients with cancer at the time of treatment initiation. However, tumor molecular profiles are not static, and cancers continually evolve because of ongoing mutagenesis and clonal selection. Here, we performed genomic analyses of primary tumors, metastases, and plasma collected from individual patients to define the concordance of actionable genomic alterations and to identify drivers of metastatic disease progression. We observed a high degree of discordance of actionable genomic alterations, with 23% discordant between primary and metastatic disease sites. Among chromatin-modifying genes, ARID1A mutations, when discordant, were exclusive to the metastatic tumor samples. Our findings indicate that the high degree of lesion-to-lesion genomic heterogeneity may be a barrier to precision oncology approaches for bladder cancer and that circulating tumor DNA profiling may be preferred to tumor sequencing for a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Clinton
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Hannah Wise
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Flatiron Health, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Andrew T. Lenis
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shweta Chavan
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark T.A. Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nima Almassi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carissa E. Chu
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shawn Dason
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pavitra Rao
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James A. Rodrigues
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Naresh B. Vasani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fourat Ridouani
- Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Rosenberg
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dean F. Bajorin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Min Yuen Teo
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bernard H. Bochner
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Eugene J. Pietzak
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gopa Iyer
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sizhi Paul Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David B. Solit
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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103
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An oncogene addiction phosphorylation signature and its derived scores inform tumor responsiveness to targeted therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:6. [PMID: 36494469 PMCID: PMC9734221 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncogene addiction provides important therapeutic opportunities for precision oncology treatment strategies. To date the cellular circuitries associated with driving oncoproteins, which eventually establish the phenotypic manifestation of oncogene addiction, remain largely unexplored. Data suggest the DNA damage response (DDR) as a central signaling network that intersects with pathways associated with deregulated addicting oncoproteins with kinase activity in cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We employed a targeted mass spectrometry approach to systematically explore alterations in 116 phosphosites related to oncogene signaling and its intersection with the DDR following inhibition of the addicting oncogene alone or in combination with irradiation in MET-, EGFR-, ALK- or BRAF (V600)-positive cancer models. An NSCLC tissue pipeline combining patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and ex vivo patient organotypic cultures has been established for treatment responsiveness assessment. RESULTS We identified an 'oncogene addiction phosphorylation signature' (OAPS) consisting of 8 protein phosphorylations (ACLY S455, IF4B S422, IF4G1 S1231, LIMA1 S490, MYCN S62, NCBP1 S22, P3C2A S259 and TERF2 S365) that are significantly suppressed upon targeted oncogene inhibition solely in addicted cell line models and patient tissues. We show that the OAPS is present in patient tissues and the OAPS-derived score strongly correlates with the ex vivo responses to targeted treatments. CONCLUSIONS We propose a score derived from OAPS as a quantitative measure to evaluate oncogene addiction of cancer cell samples. This work underlines the importance of protein phosphorylation assessment for patient stratification in precision oncology and corresponding identification of tumor subtypes sensitive to inhibition of a particular oncogene.
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104
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Singh N, Romick-Rosendale L, Watanabe-Chailland M, Privette Vinnedge LM, Komurov K. Drug resistance mechanisms create targetable proteostatic vulnerabilities in Her2+ breast cancers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0256788. [PMID: 36480552 PMCID: PMC9731458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic kinase inhibitors show short-lived responses in the clinic due to high rate of acquired resistance. We previously showed that pharmacologically exploiting oncogene-induced proteotoxic stress can be a viable alternative to oncogene-targeted therapy. Here, we performed extensive analyses of the transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteostatic perturbations during the course of treatment of Her2+ breast cancer cells with a Her2 inhibitor covering the drug response, resistance, relapse and drug withdrawal phases. We found that acute Her2 inhibition, in addition to blocking mitogenic signaling, leads to significant decline in the glucose uptake, and shutdown of glycolysis and of global protein synthesis. During prolonged therapy, compensatory overexpression of Her3 allows for the reactivation of mitogenic signaling pathways, but fails to re-engage the glucose uptake and glycolysis, resulting in proteotoxic ER stress, which maintains the protein synthesis block and growth inhibition. Her3-mediated cell proliferation under ER stress during prolonged Her2 inhibition is enabled due to the overexpression of the eIF2 phosphatase GADD34, which uncouples protein synthesis block from the ER stress response to allow for active cell growth. We show that this imbalance in the mitogenic and proteostatic signaling created during the acquired resistance to anti-Her2 therapy imposes a specific vulnerability to the inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control machinery. The latter is more pronounced in the drug withdrawal phase, where the de-inhibition of Her2 creates an acute surge in the downstream signaling pathways and exacerbates the proteostatic imbalance. Therefore, the acquired resistance mechanisms to oncogenic kinase inhibitors may create secondary vulnerabilities that could be exploited in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Romick-Rosendale
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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105
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Huang M, Geng MY, Ding J. Antitumor pharmacological research in the era of personalized medicine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:3015-3020. [PMID: 36424452 PMCID: PMC9712373 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drug discovery has yielded unprecedented progress in recent decades, resulting in the approval of innovative treatment options for patients and the successful implementation of personalized medicine in clinical practice. This remarkable progress has also reshaped the research scope of pharmacological research. This article, as a tribute to cancer research at Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica in celebration of the institute's 90th birthday, provides an overview of the conceptual revolution occurring in anticancer therapy, and summarizes our recent progress in the development of molecularly targeted therapeutics and exploration of new strategies in personalized medicine. With this review, we hope to provide a glimpse into how antitumor pharmacological researchers have embraced the new era of personalized medicine research and to propose a future path for anticancer drug discovery and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mei-Yu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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106
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Baxter JS, Zatreanu D, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ. Resistance to DNA repair inhibitors in cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3811-3827. [PMID: 35567571 PMCID: PMC9627783 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) represents a complex network of proteins which detect and repair DNA damage, thereby maintaining the integrity of the genome and preventing the transmission of mutations and rearranged chromosomes to daughter cells. Faults in the DDR are a known driver and hallmark of cancer. Furthermore, inhibition of DDR enzymes can be used to treat the disease. This is exemplified by PARP inhibitors (PARPi) used to treat cancers with defects in the homologous recombination DDR pathway. A series of novel DDR targets are now also under pre-clinical or clinical investigation, including inhibitors of ATR kinase, WRN helicase or the DNA polymerase/helicase Polθ (Pol-Theta). Drug resistance is a common phenomenon that impairs the overall effectiveness of cancer treatments and there is already some understanding of how resistance to PARPi occurs. Here, we discuss how an understanding of PARPi resistance could inform how resistance to new drugs targeting the DDR emerges. We also discuss potential strategies that could limit the impact of these therapy resistance mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Baxter
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Diana Zatreanu
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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107
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Donati G, Amati B. MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3828-3854. [PMID: 36214609 PMCID: PMC9627787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene, is activated by growth-promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC-driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic-lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
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108
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Dong Q, Xiu Y, Wang Y, Hodgson C, Borcherding N, Jordan C, Buchanan J, Taylor E, Wagner B, Leidinger M, Holman C, Thiele DJ, O’Brien S, Xue HH, Zhao J, Li Q, Meyerson H, Boyce BF, Zhao C. HSF1 is a driver of leukemia stem cell self-renewal in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6107. [PMID: 36245043 PMCID: PMC9573868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is maintained by self-renewing leukemic stem cells (LSCs). A fundamental problem in treating AML is that conventional therapy fails to eliminate LSCs, which can reinitiate leukemia. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), a central regulator of the stress response, has emerged as an important target in cancer therapy. Using genetic Hsf1 deletion and a direct HSF1 small molecule inhibitor, we show that HSF1 is specifically required for the maintenance of AML, while sparing steady-state and stressed hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, deletion of Hsf1 dysregulates multifaceted genes involved in LSC stemness and suppresses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through downregulation of succinate dehydrogenase C (SDHC), a direct HSF1 target. Forced expression of SDHC largely restores the Hsf1 ablation-induced AML developmental defect. Importantly, the growth and engraftment of human AML cells are suppressed by HSF1 inhibition. Our data provide a rationale for developing efficacious small molecules to specifically target HSF1 in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianze Dong
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Yan Xiu
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA ,grid.410349.b0000 0004 5912 6484Department of Pathology, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Yang Wang
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | | | - Nick Borcherding
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Craig Jordan
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Denver, CO 80045 USA
| | - Jane Buchanan
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
| | - Eric Taylor
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
| | - Brett Wagner
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Mariah Leidinger
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Carol Holman
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | | | | | - Hai-hui Xue
- grid.239835.60000 0004 0407 6328Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Jinming Zhao
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Rd, Shenbei Xinqu, Shenyang Shi, 110122 Liaoning Sheng China
| | - Qingchang Li
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Pathology, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Rd, Shenbei Xinqu, Shenyang Shi, 110122 Liaoning Sheng China
| | - Howard Meyerson
- grid.443867.a0000 0000 9149 4843Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Brendan F. Boyce
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA ,grid.410349.b0000 0004 5912 6484Department of Pathology, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA ,grid.443867.a0000 0000 9149 4843Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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109
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Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS-STING: A Critical Switch for Immune Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193043. [PMID: 36231006 PMCID: PMC9563579 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune mechanisms initiate immune responses via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a member of the PRRs, senses diverse pathogenic or endogenous DNA and activates innate immune signaling pathways, including the expression of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), type I interferon, and other inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, instructs the adaptive immune response development. This groundbreaking discovery has rapidly advanced research on host defense, cancer biology, and autoimmune disorders. Since cGAS/STING has enormous potential in eliciting an innate immune response, understanding its functional regulation is critical. As the most widespread and efficient regulatory mode of the cGAS-STING pathway, post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as the covalent linkage of functional groups to amino acid chains, are generally considered a regulatory mechanism for protein destruction or renewal. In this review, we discuss cGAS-STING signaling transduction and its mechanism in related diseases and focus on the current different regulatory modalities of PTMs in the control of the cGAS-STING-triggered innate immune and inflammatory responses.
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110
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Maruyama T, Saito K, Higurashi M, Ishikawa F, Kohno Y, Mori K, Shibanuma M. HMGA2 drives the IGFBP1/AKT pathway to counteract the increase in P27KIP1 protein levels in mtDNA/RNA-less cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:152-163. [PMID: 36102493 PMCID: PMC9807519 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent comprehensive analyses of mtDNA and orthogonal RNA-sequencing data revealed that in numerous human cancers, mtDNA copy numbers and mtRNA amounts are significantly reduced, followed by low respiratory gene expression. Under such conditions (called mt-Low), cells encounter severe cell proliferation defects; therefore, they must acquire countermeasures against this fatal disadvantage during malignant transformation. This study elucidated a countermeasure against the mt-Low condition-induced antiproliferative effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The mechanism relied on the architectural transcriptional regulator HMGA2, which was preferably expressed in HCC cells of the mt-Low type in vitro and in vivo. Detailed in vitro analyses suggest that HMGA2 regulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) expression, leading to AKT activation, which then phosphorylates the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI), P27KIP1, and facilitates its ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Accordingly, intervention in the HMGA2 function by RNAi resulted in an increase in P27KIP1 levels and an induction of senescence-like cell proliferation inhibition in mt-Low-type HCC cells. Conclusively, the HMGA2/IGFBP1/AKT axis has emerged as a countermeasure against P27KIP1 CKI upregulation under mt-Low conditions, thereby circumventing cell proliferation inhibition and supporting the tumorigenic state. Notably, similar to in vitro cell lines, HMGA2 was likely to regulate IGFBP1 expression in HCC in vivo, thereby contributing to poor patient prognosis. Considering the significant number of cases under mt-Low or the threat of CKI upregulation cancer-wide, the axis is noteworthy as a vulnerability of cancer cells or target for tumor-agnostic therapy inducing irreversible cell proliferation inhibition via CKI upregulation in a large population with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Maruyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesShowa University School of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Saito
- Department of PathologyShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan,Department of PathologyTeikyo University HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Masato Higurashi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesShowa University School of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesShowa University School of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Yohko Kohno
- Showa University Koto Toyosu HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kazunori Mori
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesShowa University School of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Motoko Shibanuma
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesShowa University School of PharmacyTokyoJapan
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111
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Kuo CL, Ponneri Babuharisankar A, Lin YC, Lien HW, Lo YK, Chou HY, Tangeda V, Cheng LC, Cheng AN, Lee AYL. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment and cancer immunoescape: foe or friend? J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:74. [PMID: 36154922 PMCID: PMC9511749 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The major concept of "oxidative stress" is an excess elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated from vigorous metabolism and consumption of oxygen. The precise harmonization of oxidative stresses between mitochondria and other organelles in the cell is absolutely vital to cell survival. Under oxidative stress, ROS produced from mitochondria and are the major mediator for tumorigenesis in different aspects, such as proliferation, migration/invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immunoescape to allow cancer cells to adapt to the rigorous environment. Accordingly, the dynamic balance of oxidative stresses not only orchestrate complex cell signaling events in cancer cells but also affect other components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune cells, such as M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells are the major components of the immunosuppressive TME from the ROS-induced inflammation. Based on this notion, numerous strategies to mitigate oxidative stresses in tumors have been tested for cancer prevention or therapies; however, these manipulations are devised from different sources and mechanisms without established effectiveness. Herein, we integrate current progress regarding the impact of mitochondrial ROS in the TME, not only in cancer cells but also in immune cells, and discuss the combination of emerging ROS-modulating strategies with immunotherapies to achieve antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ananth Ponneri Babuharisankar
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Lien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kang Lo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Chou
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Vidhya Tangeda
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Cheng
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - An Ning Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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112
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Liu YH, Hu CM, Hsu YS, Lee WH. Interplays of glucose metabolism and KRAS mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:817. [PMID: 36151074 PMCID: PMC9508091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and deadliest cancer worldwide. The primary reasons for this are the lack of early detection methods and targeted therapy. Emerging evidence highlights the metabolic addiction of cancer cells as a potential target to combat PDAC. Oncogenic mutations of KRAS are the most common triggers that drive glucose uptake and utilization via metabolic reprogramming to support PDAC growth. Conversely, high glucose levels in the pancreatic microenvironment trigger genome instability and de novo mutations, including KRASG12D, in pancreatic cells through metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review convergent and diverse metabolic networks related to oncogenic KRAS mutations between PDAC initiation and progression, emphasizing the interplay among oncogenic mutations, glucose metabolic reprogramming, and the tumor microenvironment. Recognizing cancer-related glucose metabolism will provide a better strategy to prevent and treat the high risk PDAC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Liu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Hsu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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113
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Liu X, Yu J, Tao S, Yang B, Wang S, Wang L, Bai F, Zheng J. PiLSL: pairwise interaction learning-based graph neural network for synthetic lethality prediction in human cancers. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:ii106-ii112. [PMID: 36124788 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Synthetic lethality (SL) is a type of genetic interaction in which the simultaneous inactivation of two genes leads to cell death, while the inactivation of a single gene does not affect the cell viability. It can effectively expand the range of anti-cancer therapeutic targets. SL interactions are identified mainly by experimental screening and computational prediction. Recent machine-learning methods mostly learn the representation of each gene individually, ignoring the representation of the pairwise interaction between two genes. In addition, the mechanisms of SL, the key to translating SL into cancer therapeutics, are often unclear. RESULTS To fill the gaps, we propose a pairwise interaction learning-based graph neural network (GNN) named PiLSL to learn the representation of pairwise interaction between two genes for SL prediction. First, we construct an enclosing graph for each pair of genes from a knowledge graph. Secondly, we design an attentive embedding propagation layer in a GNN to discriminate the importance among the edges in the enclosing graph and to learn the latent features of the pairwise interaction from the weighted enclosing graph. Finally, we further fuse the latent features with explicit features extracted from multi-omics data to obtain powerful gene representations for SL prediction. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that PiLSL outperforms the best baseline by a large margin and generalizes well under three realistic scenarios. Besides, PiLSL provides an explanation of SL mechanisms via the weighted paths in the enclosing graphs by attention mechanism. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Our source code is available at https://github.com/JieZheng-ShanghaiTech/PiLSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiale Yu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Siyu Tao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Beiyuan Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shike Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fang Bai
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging, Shanghai 201210, China
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114
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Mabonga L, Ikwegbue PC, Masamba P, Kappo AP. Molecular interaction between small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G and heat shock protein 70.14: a microscale thermophoresis exposition towards developing anti-cancer drugs. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6150-6162. [PMID: 36247303 PMCID: PMC9556510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) linked to protein quality control (PQC) pathways as potential anti-cancer drug targets have unanimously widened biological insights and the therapeutic potential of PPIs as smart-drug discovery tools in cancer. PPIs between disease-relevant proteins associated with protein homeostasis in PQC pathways have been linked to improved mechanistic understanding associated with conformational abnormalities and impairment, cellular proteotoxicity, induced apoptosis, and pathogenesis in different types of cancers. In this context, PPIs between small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G (SNRPG) and heat shock protein 70.14 (Hsp70.14) have attracted attention as potential smart drug discovery tools in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Validated evidence of high-quality biological data has shown the presence of the two proteins in different types of cancers including breast cancer. The links between SNRPG and Hsp70.14 in cancer-cell networks remain elusive, overlooked, and uncharacterized. METHODOLOGY In this study, we explored the interaction between the two oncogenic proteins using the MST-based assays. RESULTS The results revealed a low KD in the nanomolar concentration range of 2.4673 × 10-7 demonstrating a great affinity for SNRPG binding to Hsp70.14. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a possible involvement between the two proteins in hostile tumour microenvironments. Furthermore, these findings offer a different therapeutic perspective that could pave the way for the creation of novel small molecule inhibitors as drugs for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Mabonga
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of ZululandKwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Priscilla Masamba
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway CampusSouth Africa
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway CampusSouth Africa
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115
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Pal S, Kaplan JP, Nguyen H, Stopka SA, Savani MR, Regan MS, Nguyen QD, Jones KL, Moreau LA, Peng J, Dipiazza MG, Perciaccante AJ, Zhu X, Hunsel BR, Liu KX, Alexandrescu S, Drissi R, Filbin MG, McBrayer SK, Agar NYR, Chowdhury D, Haas-Kogan DA. A druggable addiction to de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:957-972.e10. [PMID: 35985342 PMCID: PMC9575661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a uniformly fatal pediatric cancer driven by oncohistones that do not readily lend themselves to drug development. To identify druggable targets for DMG, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR screen that reveals a DMG selective dependency on the de novo pathway for pyrimidine biosynthesis. This metabolic vulnerability reflects an elevated rate of uridine/uracil degradation that depletes DMG cells of substrates for the alternate salvage pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. A clinical stage inhibitor of DHODH (rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway) diminishes uridine-5'-phosphate (UMP) pools, generates DNA damage, and induces apoptosis through suppression of replication forks-an "on-target" effect, as shown by uridine rescue. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectroscopy imaging demonstrates that this DHODH inhibitor (BAY2402234) accumulates in the brain at therapeutically relevant concentrations, suppresses de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in vivo, and prolongs survival of mice bearing intracranial DMG xenografts, highlighting BAY2402234 as a promising therapy against DMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jakub P Kaplan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Milan R Savani
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Kristen L Jones
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Lisa A Moreau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyu Peng
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marina G Dipiazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew J Perciaccante
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bradley R Hunsel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kevin X Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 104, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachid Drissi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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116
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Trudu M, Oliva L, Orfanelli U, Romano A, Di Raimondo F, Sanvito F, Ponzoni M, Cenci S. Preclinical evidence of a direct pro-survival role of arginine deprivation in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968208. [PMID: 36172163 PMCID: PMC9512038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma grows by establishing multiple interactions with bone marrow cells. These include expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which drive immunoevasion via mechanisms that include arginase-1-driven depletion of L-arginine, thus indirectly promoting myeloma cell survival and tumor progression. The peculiar biology of malignant plasma cells postulates that arginine depletion may benefit their fitness also directly, e.g., by engaging the integrated stress response, or by stimulating autophagy through mTORC1 inhibition. We thus investigated the direct impact of arginine deprivation on myeloma cells and challenged its pathophysiological relevance in vitro and in vivo. First, we found that partial arginine depletion spared proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells at concentrations that arrest human T cells. Next, we asked if arginine shortage activates putative adaptive pathways in myeloma cells. Low arginine failed to activate the integrated stress response, as indicated by unmodified phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, but sizably inhibited mTORC1, as revealed by reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Notably, depressed mTORC1 activity was not sufficient to increase autophagy, as assessed by the lysosomal digestion rate of the autophagosome-associated protein, LC3-II. Rather, it stimulated mTORC2, resulting in increased phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent AKT phosphorylation and activity, leading to heightened inhibitory phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic BAD protein. We then tested whether arginine depletion-activated AKT may protect malignant plasma cells from cell death. Indeed, culturing myeloma cells in low arginine medium significantly reduced the apoptotic effect of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, an outcome prevented by pharmacological inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we challenged the relevance of the identified circuit in vivo. To gauge the pathophysiologic relevance of low arginine to myeloma growth independently of immunoevasion, we xenotransplanted human myeloma cells subcutaneously into T cell-deficient Rag2–/–γc–/– recipient mice and treated palpable tumor-bearing mice with the clinical-grade arginase inhibitor CB1158. Arginase inhibition significantly raised serum arginine concentration, reduced tumor growth by caliper assessment, and decreased intra-tumor AKT phosphorylation in vivo. Altogether, our results reveal a novel direct pro-survival effect of arginine deprivation on myeloma cells, with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Trudu
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Oliva
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ugo Orfanelli
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simone Cenci,
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117
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Jin R, Cao X, Lu M, Gao Q, Ma T. The intersection molecule MDA5 in Cancer and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963051. [PMID: 36119095 PMCID: PMC9471860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The connections between pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) constitutes the crucial signaling pathways in the innate immune system. Cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) serves as an important pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system by recognizing viral RNA. MDA5 also plays a role in identifying the cytoplasmic RNA from damaged, dead cancer cells or autoimmune diseases. MDA5’s recognition of RNA triggers innate immune responses, induces interferon (IFN) response and a series of subsequent signaling pathways to produce immunomodulatory factors and inflammatory cytokines. Here we review the latest progress of MDA5 functions in triggering anti-tumor immunity by sensing cytoplasmic dsRNA, and recognizing SARS-CoV-2 virus infection for antiviral response, in which the virus utilizes multiple ways to evade the host defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjing Jin
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Teng Ma,
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118
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Sklirou AD, Gianniou DD, Karousi P, Cheimonidi C, Papachristopoulou G, Kontos CK, Scorilas A, Trougakos IP. High mRNA Expression Levels of Heat Shock Protein Family B Member 2 (HSPB2) Are Associated with Breast Cancer Patients’ Relapse and Poor Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179758. [PMID: 36077156 PMCID: PMC9456243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitous ATP-independent chaperones that contribute to the maintenance of proteome integrity and functionality. Recent evidence suggests that sHSPs are ubiquitously expressed in numerous types of tumors and have been proposed to be implicated in oncogenesis and malignant progression. Heat shock protein family B member 2 (HSPB2) is a member of the sHSPs, which is found to be expressed, among others, in human breast cancer cell lines and constitutes an inhibitor of apical caspase activation in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In this study, we investigated the potential prognostic significance of HSPB2 mRNA expression levels in breast cancer, which represents the most frequent malignancy in females and one of the three most common cancer types worldwide. To this end, malignant breast tumors along with paired non-cancerous breast tissue specimens were used. HSPB2 expression levels were quantified in these two cohorts using a sensitive and accurate SYBR green-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). Extensive biostatistical analyses were performed including Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression survival analyses for the assessment of the results. The significant downregulation of HSPB2 gene expression was revealed in breast tumors compared to their adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues. Notably, high HSPB2 mRNA expression predicts poor disease-free survival and overall survival of breast cancer patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that HSPB2 mRNA overexpression is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer, independent of other clinicopathological factors. In conclusion, high HSPB2 mRNA expression levels are associated with breast cancer patients’ relapse and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia D. Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina D. Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Karousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Cheimonidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos K. Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.T.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4306 (A.S.); +30-210-727-4555 (I.P.T.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.T.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4306 (A.S.); +30-210-727-4555 (I.P.T.)
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119
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Piorecka K, Kurjata J, Stanczyk WA. Acriflavine, an Acridine Derivative for Biomedical Application: Current State of the Art. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11415-11432. [PMID: 36018000 PMCID: PMC9469206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Acriflavine (ACF) has been known for years as an antibacterial
drug. The identification of key oncogenic mechanisms has brought,
in recent years, a significant increase in studies on ACF as a multipurpose
drug that would improve the prognosis for cancer patients. ACF interferes
with the expression of the hypoxia inducible factor, thus acting on
metastatic niches of tumors and significantly enhancing the effects
of other anticancer therapies. It has been recognized as the most
potent HIF-1 inhibitor out of the 336 drugs approved by the FDA. This
work presents up-to-date knowledge about the mechanisms of action
of ACF and its related prodrug systems in the context of anticancer
and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory properties. It explains the multitask nature
of this drug and suggests mechanisms of ACF’s action on the
coronavirus. Other recent reports on ACF-based systems as potential
antibacterial and antiviral drugs are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Piorecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences,Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Kurjata
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences,Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz A Stanczyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences,Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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120
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Potential therapeutic applications of microRNAs in cancer diagnosis and treatment: Sharpening a double-edged sword? Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175210. [PMID: 35981607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality worldwide despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Lack of early detection and diagnosis of different cancers and adverse effects and toxicity associated with conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, remains a problem. MicroRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors in different types of cancers. Their distinct gene expression in various stages and types of cancerous cells make them attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The growing research and clinical interests in gene therapy and nano-drug delivery systems have led to the development of potential miRNA-targeted treatments encompassing miRNA mimics, antagonists, and their use in cancer chemotherapy sensitization. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in understanding the role of miRNAs in cancer development and their potential use as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics and as targets in chemotherapy of cancer.
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121
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Genta S, Coburn B, Cescon DW, Spreafico A. Patient-derived cancer models: Valuable platforms for anticancer drug testing. Front Oncol 2022; 12:976065. [PMID: 36033445 PMCID: PMC9413077 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted treatments and immunotherapy are cornerstones in oncology, with demonstrated efficacy across different tumor types. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority metastatic disease is incurable due to the onset of drug resistance. Preclinical models including genetically engineered mouse models, patient-derived xenografts and two- and three-dimensional cell cultures have emerged as a useful resource to study mechanisms of cancer progression and predict efficacy of anticancer drugs. However, variables including tumor heterogeneity and the complexities of the microenvironment can impair the faithfulness of these platforms. Here, we will discuss advantages and limitations of these preclinical models, their applicability for drug testing and in co-clinical trials and potential strategies to increase their reliability in predicting responsiveness to anticancer medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Genta
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David W. Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-derived CCL22 induces FAK addiction in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1054-1066. [PMID: 35962191 PMCID: PMC9424285 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell dependence on activated oncogenes is considered a therapeutic target, but protumorigenic microenvironment-mediated cellular addiction to specific oncogenic signaling molecules remains to be further defined. Here, we showed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) produced an abundance of C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22), whose expression in the tumor stroma was positively associated with the level of intratumoral phospho-focal adhesion kinase (pFAK Tyr397), tumor metastasis and reduced patient survival. Functionally, CCL22-stimulated hyperactivation of FAK was correlated with increased malignant progression of cancer cells. CCL22-induced addiction to FAK was demonstrated by the persistent suppression of tumor progression upon FAK-specific inhibition. Mechanistically, we identified that diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) acted as a signaling adaptor to link the CCL22 receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and FAK and promoted CCL22-induced activation of the FAK/AKT pathway. CCL22/CCR4 signaling activated the intracellular Ca2+/phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) axis to stimulate the phosphorylation of DGKα at a tyrosine residue (Tyr335) and promoted the translocation of DGKα to the plasma membrane to assemble the DGKα/FAK signalosome, which critically contributed to regulating sensitivity to FAK inhibitors in cancer cells. The identification of TAM-driven intratumoral FAK addiction provides opportunities for utilizing the tumor-promoting microenvironment to achieve striking anticancer effects.
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Fonteneau G, Redding A, Hoag-Lee H, Sim ES, Heinrich S, Gaida MM, Grabocka E. Stress Granules Determine the Development of Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1984-2005. [PMID: 35674408 PMCID: PMC9357213 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and a major predisposing factor for cancer. Increasing evidence shows that obesity-associated stress is a key driver of cancer risk and progression. Previous work has identified the phase-separation organelles, stress granules (SG), as mutant KRAS-dependent mediators of stress adaptation. However, the dependence of tumorigenesis on these organelles is unknown. Here, we establish a causal link between SGs and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Importantly, we uncover that dependence on SGs is drastically heightened in obesity-associated PDAC. Furthermore, we identify a previously unknown regulator and component of SGs, namely, the serine/arginine protein kinase 2 (SRPK2), as a specific determinant of SG formation in obesity-associated PDAC. We show that SRPK2-mediated SG formation in obesity-associated PDAC is driven by hyperactivation of the IGF1/PI3K/mTOR/S6K1 pathway and that S6K1 inhibition selectively attenuates SGs and impairs obesity-associated PDAC development. SIGNIFICANCE : We show that stress adaptation via the phase-separation organelles SGs mediates PDAC development. Moreover, preexisting stress conditions such as obesity are a driving force behind tumor SG dependence, and enhanced SG levels are key determinants and a chemopreventive target for obesity-associated PDAC. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fonteneau
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alexandra Redding
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hannah Hoag-Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edward S. Sim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Current Address: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M. Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Joint Unit Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz and TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elda Grabocka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Shologu N, Gurdal M, Szegezdi E, FitzGerald U, Zeugolis DI. Macromolecular crowding in the development of a three-dimensional organotypic human breast cancer model. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121642. [PMID: 35724540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although cell-derived matrices are at the forefront of scientific research and technological innovation for the development of in vitro tumour models, their two-dimensional structure and low extracellular matrix composition restrict their capacity to accurately predict toxicity of candidate molecules. Herein, we assessed the potential of macromolecular crowding (a biophysical phenomenon that significantly enhances and accelerates extracellular matrix deposition, resulting in three-dimensional tissue surrogates) in improving cell-derived matrices in vitro tumour models. Among the various decellularisation protocols assessed (NH4OH, DOC, SDS/EDTA, NP40), the NP40 appeared to be the most effective in removing cellular matter and the least destructive to the deposited matrix. Among the various cell types (mammary, skin, lung fibroblasts) used to produce the cell-derived matrices, the mammary fibroblast derived matrices produced under macromolecular crowding conditions and decellularised with NP40 resulted in significant increase in focal adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines, when seeded with MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, macromolecular crowding derived matrices significantly increased doxorubicin resistance and reduced the impact of intracellular reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. Collectively our data clearly illustrate the potential of macromolecular crowding in the development of cell-derived matrices-based in vitro tumour models that more accurately resemble the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Mehmet Gurdal
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Una FitzGerald
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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González-Moles MÁ, Moya-González E, García-Ferrera A, Nieto-Casado P, Ramos-García P. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Upregulation in Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153673. [PMID: 35954336 PMCID: PMC9367569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence on the prognostic and clinicopathological significance value of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) upregulation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published before April 2022, not restricted by date or publication language. The methodological quality of primary-level studies was critically assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. We carried out meta-analyses, explored heterogeneity and its sources, and performed subgroup, meta-regression, sensitivity, and small-study effects analyses. Twenty-one studies (1698 patients) met inclusion criteria. TERT protein overexpression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.70−5.35, p < 0.001), disease-free survival (HR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.80−9.05, p = 0.001), and higher histological grade OSCC (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.83−5.62, p < 0.001). These large effect sizes were consistently obtained by homogeneous subgroups (p > 0.10, I2 = 0.0, respectively), which reflects a high quality of evidence. On the other hand, TERT gene mutations obtained constantly nonsignificant null effect sizes for all outcomes investigated, evidencing no prognostic or clinicopathological value. In conclusion, our findings indicate that TERT upregulation is a prognostic indicator of poor survival in oral cancer. Our findings support the immunohistochemical assessment of TERT overexpression, which could probably be incorporated into the prognostic evaluation of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-G.); (A.G.-F.); (P.N.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-M.); (P.R.-G.)
| | - Eloísa Moya-González
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-G.); (A.G.-F.); (P.N.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Ferrera
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-G.); (A.G.-F.); (P.N.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Paola Nieto-Casado
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-G.); (A.G.-F.); (P.N.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-G.); (A.G.-F.); (P.N.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-M.); (P.R.-G.)
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Nickoloff JA. Targeting Replication Stress Response Pathways to Enhance Genotoxic Chemo- and Radiotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:4736. [PMID: 35897913 PMCID: PMC9330692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cells regularly experience replication stress caused by spontaneous DNA damage that results from endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA sequences that can assume secondary and tertiary structures, and collisions between opposing transcription and replication machineries. Cancer cells face additional replication stress, including oncogenic stress that results from the dysregulation of fork progression and origin firing, and from DNA damage induced by radiotherapy and most cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Cells respond to such stress by activating a complex network of sensor, signaling and effector pathways that protect genome integrity. These responses include slowing or stopping active replication forks, protecting stalled replication forks from collapse, preventing late origin replication firing, stimulating DNA repair pathways that promote the repair and restart of stalled or collapsed replication forks, and activating dormant origins to rescue adjacent stressed forks. Currently, most cancer patients are treated with genotoxic chemotherapeutics and/or ionizing radiation, and cancer cells can gain resistance to the resulting replication stress by activating pro-survival replication stress pathways. Thus, there has been substantial effort to develop small molecule inhibitors of key replication stress proteins to enhance tumor cell killing by these agents. Replication stress targets include ATR, the master kinase that regulates both normal replication and replication stress responses; the downstream signaling kinase Chk1; nucleases that process stressed replication forks (MUS81, EEPD1, Metnase); the homologous recombination catalyst RAD51; and other factors including ATM, DNA-PKcs, and PARP1. This review provides an overview of replication stress response pathways and discusses recent pre-clinical studies and clinical trials aimed at improving cancer therapy by targeting replication stress response factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Amici DR, Ansel DJ, Metz KA, Smith RS, Phoumyvong CM, Gayatri S, Chamera T, Edwards SL, O’Hara BP, Srivastava S, Brockway S, Takagishi SR, Cho BK, Goo YA, Kelleher NL, Ben-Sahra I, Foltz DR, Li J, Mendillo ML. C16orf72/HAPSTR1 is a molecular rheostat in an integrated network of stress response pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111262119. [PMID: 35776542 PMCID: PMC9271168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111262119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells contain specialized signaling pathways that enable adaptation to specific molecular stressors. Yet, whether these pathways are centrally regulated in complex physiological stress states remains unclear. Using genome-scale fitness screening data, we quantified the stress phenotype of 739 cancer cell lines, each representing a unique combination of intrinsic tumor stresses. Integrating dependency and stress perturbation transcriptomic data, we illuminated a network of genes with vital functions spanning diverse stress contexts. Analyses for central regulators of this network nominated C16orf72/HAPSTR1, an evolutionarily ancient gene critical for the fitness of cells reliant on multiple stress response pathways. We found that HAPSTR1 plays a pleiotropic role in cellular stress signaling, functioning to titrate various specialized cell-autonomous and paracrine stress response programs. This function, while dispensable to unstressed cells and nematodes, is essential for resilience in the presence of stressors ranging from DNA damage to starvation and proteotoxicity. Mechanistically, diverse stresses induce HAPSTR1, which encodes a protein expressed as two equally abundant isoforms. Perfectly conserved residues in a domain shared between HAPSTR1 isoforms mediate oligomerization and binding to the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1. We show that HUWE1 is a required cofactor for HAPSTR1 to control stress signaling and that, in turn, HUWE1 feeds back to ubiquitinate and destabilize HAPSTR1. Altogether, we propose that HAPSTR1 is a central rheostat in a network of pathways responsible for cellular adaptability, the modulation of which may have broad utility in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Amici
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Daniel J. Ansel
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Kyle A. Metz
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Roger S. Smith
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Claire M. Phoumyvong
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Sitaram Gayatri
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Tomasz Chamera
- Functional and Chemical Genomics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Stacey L. Edwards
- Functional and Chemical Genomics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Brendan P. O’Hara
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Shashank Srivastava
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Sonia Brockway
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Seesha R. Takagishi
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Byoung-Kyu Cho
- Northwestern Proteomics Center of Excellence Core Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Northwestern Proteomics Center of Excellence Core Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Northwestern Proteomics Center of Excellence Core Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Daniel R. Foltz
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Jian Li
- Functional and Chemical Genomics Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Marc L. Mendillo
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60610
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INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231524. [PMID: 35771229 PMCID: PMC9284345 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The INK4 family is an important family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and consists of CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDKN2, and CDKN2D. Abnormal expression of CDKN2A has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with the prognosis of patients and infiltration of immune cells. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the roles of the other INK4 family members in the diagnosis, prognosis, and immune regulation of HCC. Using online public databases and clinical samples, we comprehensively analyzed the INK4 family in HCC. All four INK4 proteins were overexpressed in HCC and correlated with advanced cancer stage and poor prognosis. INK4 expression accurately distinguished tumor from normal tissue, particularly CDKN2A and CDKN2C. The INK4 family participated in cell-cycle regulation and the DNA damage repair pathway, which inhibited genotoxic-induced apoptosis in tumorigenesis. INK4 proteins were positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) and immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD1, and PD-L1). CDKN2D had the highest correlation (correlation coefficient >0.3) with all the above-mentioned infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints, indicating that it may be useful as an immunotherapy target. The INK4 family was valuable for diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of HCC and participated in the occurrence, progression, and immune regulation of HCC, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Inhibition of RNA Binding in SND1 Increases the Levels of miR-1-3p and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Navitoclax. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133100. [PMID: 35804872 PMCID: PMC9265050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite of decades of intensive research, several cancer types, for example aggressive colon cancers, are still difficult to treat, and life expectancy is low. Since cancer cells are often resilient and tolerate chemical stresses such as cancer drugs efficiently, they have been difficult to treat. Therefore, combined treatment methods that target cancer cells’ stress tolerance may enhance the treatment outcome. Here we have shown that certain cancer drugs are more effective in colon cancer cells when the expression of a protein called SND1, implicated in regulation of stress responses, is prevented in those cells. We also found that a drug compound called suramin binds to a certain “pocket” of an SND1 protein, and this prevents the interaction of SND1 and certain small RNA molecules, called microRNAs. This block of SND1-microRNA interaction reduces the resilience of colon cancer cells and thus sensitizes them to cancer treatment. Abstract SND1 is an RNA-binding protein overexpressed in large variety of cancers. SND1 has been proposed to enhance stress tolerance in cancer cells, but the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. We analyzed the expression of 372 miRNAs in the colon carcinoma cell line and show that SND1 silencing increases the expression levels of several tumor suppressor miRNAs. Furthermore, SND1 knockdown showed synergetic effects with cancer drugs through MEK-ERK and Bcl-2 family-related apoptotic pathways. To explore whether the SND1-mediated RNA binding/degradation is responsible for the observed effect, we developed a screening assay to identify small molecules that inhibit the RNA-binding function of SND1. The screen identified P2X purinoreceptor antagonists as the most potent inhibitors. Validation confirmed that the best hit, suramin, inhibits the RNA binding ability of SND1. The binding characteristics and mode of suramin to SND1 were characterized biophysically and by molecular docking that identified positively charged binding cavities in Staphylococcus nuclease domains. Importantly, suramin-mediated inhibition of RNA binding increased the expression of miR-1-3p, and enhanced sensitivity of cancer cells to Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax treatment. Taken together, we demonstrate as proof-of-concept a mechanism and an inhibitor compound for SND1 regulation of the survival of cancer cells through tumor suppressor miRNAs.
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131
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Vickridge E, Faraco CCF, Nepveu A. Base excision repair accessory factors in senescence avoidance and resistance to treatments. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:703-720. [PMID: 36176767 PMCID: PMC9511810 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells, in which the RAS and PI3K pathways are activated, produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative DNA damage and ultimately cellular senescence. This process has been documented in tissue culture, mouse models, and human pre-cancerous lesions. In this context, cellular senescence functions as a tumour suppressor mechanism. Some rare cancer cells, however, manage to adapt to avoid senescence and continue to proliferate. One well-documented mode of adaptation involves increased production of antioxidants often associated with inactivation of the KEAP1 tumour suppressor gene and the resulting upregulation of the NRF2 transcription factor. In this review, we detail an alternative mode of adaptation to oxidative DNA damage induced by ROS: the increased activity of the base excision repair (BER) pathway, achieved through the enhanced expression of BER enzymes and DNA repair accessory factors. These proteins, exemplified here by the CUT domain proteins CUX1, CUX2, and SATB1, stimulate the activity of BER enzymes. The ensued accelerated repair of oxidative DNA damage enables cancer cells to avoid senescence despite high ROS levels. As a by-product of this adaptation, these cancer cells exhibit increased resistance to genotoxic treatments including ionizing radiation, temozolomide, and cisplatin. Moreover, considering the intrinsic error rate associated with DNA repair and translesion synthesis, the elevated number of oxidative DNA lesions caused by high ROS leads to the accumulation of mutations in the cancer cell population, thereby contributing to tumour heterogeneity and eventually to the acquisition of resistance, a major obstacle to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vickridge
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Camila C. F. Faraco
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alain Nepveu
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Medicine, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Oncology, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
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132
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Hemedan AA, Niarakis A, Schneider R, Ostaszewski M. Boolean modelling as a logic-based dynamic approach in systems medicine. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3161-3172. [PMID: 35782730 PMCID: PMC9234349 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of health and disease are often represented as systems biology diagrams, and the coverage of such representation constantly increases. These static diagrams can be transformed into dynamic models, allowing for in silico simulations and predictions. Boolean modelling is an approach based on an abstract representation of the system. It emphasises the qualitative modelling of biological systems in which each biomolecule can take two possible values: zero for absent or inactive, one for present or active. Because of this approximation, Boolean modelling is applicable to large diagrams, allowing to capture their dynamic properties. We review Boolean models of disease mechanisms and compare a range of methods and tools used for analysis processes. We explain the methodology of Boolean analysis focusing on its application in disease modelling. Finally, we discuss its practical application in analysing signal transduction and gene regulatory pathways in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelmonem Hemedan
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Niarakis
- Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite rhumatoïde – Genhotel, Univ Evry, Evry, France
- Lifeware Group, Inria, Saclay-île de France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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133
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Bastola P, Leiserowitz GS, Chien J. Multiple Components of Protein Homeostasis Pathway Can Be Targeted to Produce Drug Synergies with VCP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122949. [PMID: 35740614 PMCID: PMC9220887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control mechanisms play an important role in cancer progression by providing adaptive responses and morphologic stability against genome-wide copy number alterations, aneuploidy, and conformation-altering somatic mutations. This dependency on protein quality control mechanisms creates a vulnerability that may be exploited for therapeutic benefits by targeting components of the protein quality control mechanism. Recently, valosin-containing protein (VCP), also known at p97 AAA-ATPase, has emerged as a druggable target in cancer cells to affect their dependency on protein quality control. Here, we show that VCP inhibitors induce cytotoxicity in several ovarian cancer cell lines and these compounds act synergistically with mifepristone, a drug previously shown to induce an atypical unfolded protein response. Although mifepristone at a clinically achievable dose induces a weak unfolded protein response, it enhances the cytotoxic effects of VCP inhibitor CB-5083. Mechanistically, mifepristone blocks the cytoprotective effect of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress while activating the cytotoxic effects of ATF4 and CHOP through the HRI (EIF2AK1)-mediated signal transduction pathway. In contrast, CB-5083 activates ATF4 and CHOP through the PERK (EIF2AK3)-mediated signaling pathway. This combination activates ATF4 and CHOP while blocking the adaptive response provided by ATF6, resulting in increased cytotoxic effects and synergistic drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Bastola
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Gary S. Leiserowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-4766
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134
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Kamendulis LM, Hocevar JM, Stephens M, Sandusky GE, Hocevar BA. Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid leads to promotion of pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:469-478. [PMID: 35022659 PMCID: PMC9167031 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent environmental pollutant, has been shown to induce pancreatic acinar cell tumors in rats. Human epidemiologic studies have linked PFOA exposure to adverse chronic health effects including several types of cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that PFOA induces oxidative stress and focal ductal hyperplasia in the mouse pancreas. Here, we evaluated whether PFOA promotes pancreatic cancer using the LSL-KRasG12D;Pdx-1 Cre (KC) mouse model of pancreatic cancer. KC mice were exposed to 5 ppm PFOA in drinking water starting at 8 weeks of age and analyzed at 6 and 9 months of age. At the 6-month time point, PFOA exposure increased pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) area by 58%, accompanied by a 2-fold increase in lesion number. Although PanIN area increased at 9 months, relative to 6 months, no treatment effect was observed. Collagen deposition was enhanced by PFOA at both the 6- and 9-month time points. PFOA also induced oxidative stress in the pancreas evidenced by elevated antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (Sod), catalase and thioredoxin reductase, and a ~3-fold increase in Sod1 mRNA and protein levels at 6 months. Although antioxidant activity was not enhanced by PFOA exposure at the 9-month time point, increased pancreatic oxidative damage was observed. Collectively, these results show that PFOA elicited temporal increases in PanIN lesion area and desmoplasia concomitant with the induction of oxidative stress, demonstrating that it functions to promote pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kamendulis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jessica M Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Mikayla Stephens
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Barbara A Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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135
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Labrie M, Brugge JS, Mills GB, Zervantonakis IK. Therapy resistance: opportunities created by adaptive responses to targeted therapies in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:323-339. [PMID: 35264777 PMCID: PMC9149051 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins or infection. Cancer cells co-opt normal stress mitigation pathways to survive stresses that accompany tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and immune evasion. Cancer therapies accentuate cancer cell stresses and invoke rapid non-genomic stress mitigation processes that maintain cell viability and thus represent key targetable resistance mechanisms. In this Review, we describe mechanisms by which tumour ecosystems, including cancer cells, immune cells and stroma, adapt to therapeutic stresses and describe three different approaches to exploit stress mitigation processes: (1) interdict stress mitigation to induce cell death; (2) increase stress to induce cellular catastrophe; and (3) exploit emergent vulnerabilities in cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment. We review challenges associated with tumour heterogeneity, prioritizing actionable adaptive responses for optimal therapeutic outcomes, and development of an integrative framework to identify and target vulnerabilities that arise from adaptive responses and engagement of stress mitigation pathways. Finally, we discuss the need to monitor adaptive responses across multiple scales and translation of combination therapies designed to take advantage of adaptive responses and stress mitigation pathways to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Labrie
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ioannis K Zervantonakis
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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136
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Franci L, Tubita A, Bertolino FM, Palma A, Cannino G, Settembre C, Rasola A, Rovida E, Chiariello M. MAPK15 protects from oxidative stress-dependent cellular senescence by inducing the mitophagic process. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13620. [PMID: 35642724 PMCID: PMC9282834 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose aberrant production by dysfunctional mitochondria leads to oxidative stress, thus contributing to aging as well as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Cells efficiently eliminate damaged mitochondria through a selective type of autophagy, named mitophagy. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of the atypical MAP kinase family member MAPK15 in cellular senescence, by preserving mitochondrial quality, thanks to its ability to control mitophagy and, therefore, prevent oxidative stress. We indeed demonstrate that reduced MAPK15 expression strongly decreases mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, while increasing mitochondrial ROS levels. We show that MAPK15 controls the mitophagic process by stimulating ULK1‐dependent PRKN Ser108 phosphorylation and inducing the recruitment of damaged mitochondria to autophagosomal and lysosomal compartments, thus leading to a reduction of their mass, but also by participating in the reorganization of the mitochondrial network that usually anticipates their disposal. Consequently, MAPK15‐dependent mitophagy protects cells from accumulating nuclear DNA damage due to mitochondrial ROS and, consequently, from senescence deriving from this chronic DNA insult. Indeed, we ultimately demonstrate that MAPK15 protects primary human airway epithelial cells from senescence, establishing a new specific role for MAPK15 in controlling mitochondrial fitness by efficient disposal of old and damaged organelles and suggesting this kinase as a new potential therapeutic target in diverse age‐associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Siena Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL) Istituto per lo Studio la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO) Siena Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences University of Firenze Firenze Italy
| | - Franca Maria Bertolino
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Siena Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL) Istituto per lo Studio la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO) Siena Italy
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Onco‐hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital–IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) Pozzuoli Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences University of Firenze Firenze Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Siena Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL) Istituto per lo Studio la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO) Siena Italy
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137
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Koromilas AE. The integrated stress response in the induction of mutant KRAS lung carcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200026. [PMID: 35587163 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a key determinant of tumorigenesis in response to oncogenic forms of stress like genotoxic, proteotoxic and metabolic stress. ISR relies on the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 to promote the translational and transcriptional reprogramming of gene expression in stressed cells. While ISR promotes tumor survival under stress, its hyperactivation above a level of tolerance can also cause tumor death. The tumorigenic function of ISR has been recently demonstrated for lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) with KRAS mutations. ISR mediates the translational repression of the dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP6 to stimulate ERK activity and LUAD growth. The significance of this finding is highlighted by the strong anti-tumor responses of ISR inhibitors in pre-clinical LUAD models. Elucidation of the mechanisms of ISR action in LUAD progression via cell-autonomous and immune regulatory mechanisms will provide a better understanding of its tumorigenic role to fully exploit its therapeutic potential in the treatment of a deadly form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis E Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B, Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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138
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Wang W, Sun Y, Liu X, Kumar SK, Jin F, Dai Y. Dual-Targeted Therapy Circumvents Non-Genetic Drug Resistance to Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859455. [PMID: 35574302 PMCID: PMC9093074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of various targeted agents into the armamentarium of cancer treatment has revolutionized the standard care of patients with cancer. However, like conventional chemotherapy, drug resistance, either preexisting (primary or intrinsic resistance) or developed following treatment (secondary or acquired resistance), remains the Achilles heel of all targeted agents with no exception, via either genetic or non-genetic mechanisms. In the latter, emerging evidence supports the notion that intracellular signaling pathways for tumor cell survival act as a mutually interdependent network via extensive cross-talks and feedback loops. Thus, dysregulations of multiple signaling pathways usually join forces to drive oncogenesis, tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, thereby providing a basis for so-called "bypass" mechanisms underlying non-genetic resistance in response to targeted agents. In this context, simultaneous interruption of two or more related targets or pathways (an approach called dual-targeted therapy, DTT), via either linear or parallel inhibition, is required to deal with such a form of drug resistance to targeted agents that specifically inhibit a single oncoprotein or oncogenic pathway. Together, while most types of tumor cells are often addicted to two or more targets or pathways or can switch their dependency between them, DTT targeting either intrinsically activated or drug-induced compensatory targets/pathways would efficiently overcome drug resistance caused by non-genetic events, with a great opportunity that those resistant cells might be particularly more vulnerable. In this review article, we discuss, with our experience, diverse mechanisms for non-genetic resistance to targeted agents and the rationales to circumvent them in the treatment of cancer, emphasizing hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaji K. Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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139
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Targeting matrix metallopeptidase 2 by hydroxyurea selectively kills acute myeloid mixed-lineage leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:180. [PMID: 35396375 PMCID: PMC8993889 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced tumorigenesis results in the variation of epigenetic modifications, and in addition to promoting cell immortalization, cancer cells undergo more intense cellular stress than normal cells and depend on other support genes for survival. Chromosomal translocations of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) induce aggressive leukemias with an inferior prognosis. Unfortunately, most MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias are resistant to conventional chemotherapies. Here, we showed that hydroxyurea (HU) could kill MLL-r acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through the necroptosis process. HU target these cells by matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) deficiency rather than subordinate ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) inhibition, where MLL directly regulates MMP2 expression and is decreased in most MLL-r AMLs. Moreover, iron chelation of HU is also indispensable for inducing cell stress, and MMP2 is the support factor to protect cells from death. Our preliminary study indicates that MMP2 might play a role in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway that prevents activation of unfolding protein response under innocuous endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hence, these results reveal a possible strategy of HU application in MLL-r AML treatment and shed new light upon HU repurposing.
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140
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Hansen AM, Ge Y, Schuster MB, Pundhir S, Jakobsen JS, Kalvisa A, Tapia MC, Gordon S, Ambri F, Bagger FO, Pandey D, Helin K, Porse BT. H3K9 dimethylation safeguards cancer cells against activation of the interferon pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabf8627. [PMID: 35302840 PMCID: PMC8932663 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Activation of interferon genes constitutes an important anticancer pathway able to restrict proliferation of cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that the H3K9me3 histone methyltransferase (HMT) suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) is required for the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and find that its loss leads to activation of the interferon pathway. Mechanistically, we show that this occurs via destabilization of a complex composed of SUV39H1 and the two H3K9me2 HMTs, G9A and GLP. Indeed, loss of H3K9me2 correlated with the activation of key interferon pathway genes, and interference with the activities of G9A/GLP largely phenocopied loss of SUV39H1. Last, we demonstrate that inhibition of G9A/GLP synergized with DNA demethylating agents and that SUV39H1 constitutes a potential biomarker for the response to hypomethylation treatment. Collectively, we uncovered a clinically relevant role for H3K9me2 in safeguarding cancer cells against activation of the interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Meldgaard Hansen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Ge
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bruhn Schuster
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sachin Pundhir
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janus Schou Jakobsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrija Kalvisa
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Cecylia Tapia
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Gordon
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesca Ambri
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Otzen Bagger
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deo Pandey
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Torben Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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141
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Shkedi A, Taylor IR, Echtenkamp F, Ramkumar P, Alshalalfa M, Rivera-Márquez GM, Moses MA, Shao H, Karnes RJ, Neckers L, Feng F, Kampmann M, Gestwicki JE. Selective vulnerabilities in the proteostasis network of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:490-501.e4. [PMID: 35108506 PMCID: PMC8934263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with an increased reliance on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), but it is not clear what other protein homeostasis (proteostasis) factors might be involved. To address this question, we performed functional and synthetic lethal screens in four prostate cancer cell lines. These screens confirmed key roles for HSP70, HSP90, and their co-chaperones, but also suggested that the mitochondrial chaperone, HSP60/HSPD1, is selectively required in CRPC cell lines. Knockdown of HSP60 does not impact the stability of androgen receptor (AR) or its variants; rather, it is associated with loss of mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, partly owing to increased proton leakage. Finally, transcriptional data revealed a correlation between HSP60 levels and poor survival of prostate cancer patients. These findings suggest that re-wiring of the proteostasis network is associated with CRPC, creating selective vulnerabilities that might be targeted to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Shkedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Isabelle R Taylor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frank Echtenkamp
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Poornima Ramkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mohamed Alshalalfa
- Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Génesis M Rivera-Márquez
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael A Moses
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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The Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of STEAP1 in Pan-Cancer: A Result of Data-Based Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8297011. [PMID: 35313641 PMCID: PMC8933652 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8297011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. This study is aimed at systematically analyzing the expression, function, and prognostic value of six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) in various cancers. Methods. The expressions of STEAP1 between normal and tumor tissues were analyzed using TCGA and GTEx. Clinicopathologic data was collected from GEPIA and TCGA. Prognostic analysis was conducted by Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier survival. DNA methylation, mutation features, and molecular subtypes of cancers were also investigated. The top-100 coexpressed genes with STEAP1 were involved in functional enrichment analysis. ESTIMATE algorithm was used to analyze the correlation between STEAP1 and immunity value. The relationships of STEAP1 and biomarkers including tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and stemness score as well as chemosensitivity were also illustrated. Results. Among 33 cancers, STEAP1 was overexpressed in 19 cancers such as cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), colon adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B cell lymphoma while was downregulated in 5 cancers such as adrenocortical carcinoma, breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), and kidney chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. STEAP1 has significant prognostic relationships in multiple cancers. 15 cancers exhibited differences of DNA methylation including bladder urothelial carcinoma, BRCA, and CESC. STEAP1 expression was positively correlated to immune molecules especially in thyroid carcinoma and negatively especially in uveal melanoma. STEAP1 was associated with TMB and MSI in certain cancers. In addition, STEAP1 was connected with increased chemosensitivity of drugs such as trametinib and pimasertib. Conclusions. STEAP1 was an underlying target for prognostic prediction in different cancer types and a potential biomarker of TMB, MSI, tumor microenvironment, and chemosensitivity.
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143
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Kanvinde S, Kulkarni T, Deodhar S, Bhattacharya D, Dasgupta A. Non-Viral Vectors for Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapies for Cancer. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11010006. [PMID: 35822814 PMCID: PMC9245904 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The research and development of non-viral gene therapy has been extensive over the past decade and has received a big push thanks to the recent successful approval of non-viral nucleic acid therapy products. Despite these developments, nucleic acid therapy applications in cancer have been limited. One of the main causes of this has been the imbalance in development of delivery vectors as compared with sophisticated nucleic acid payloads, such as siRNA, mRNA, etc. This paper reviews non-viral vectors that can be used to deliver nucleic acids for cancer treatment. It discusses various types of vectors and highlights their current applications. Additionally, it discusses a perspective on the current regulatory landscape to facilitate the commercial translation of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kanvinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (T.K.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanmay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Deep Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Aneesha Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
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144
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Zhao F, Gao S, Qin X, Niu R, Li Z, Wang C, Li S. Comprehensive Analysis of TRP Channel-Related Genes for Estimating the Immune Microenvironment, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Effect in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:820870. [PMID: 35309940 PMCID: PMC8931688 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.820870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the year 2021 was awarded to Ardem Patapoutian and David Julius for their discoveries of temperature-sensitive receptors (TRP channels) and tactile receptors (Piezo channels), both of which were previously unknown. TRP channels are at the heart of the human ability to detect temperature, and they also play crucial regulatory functions in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Despite this, there have been no research conducted on the prognostic significance of TRP channels in individuals with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In GEO and TCGA cohorts, unsupervised clustering was first conducted based on 18 TRP channel-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) extracted from MSigDB database and KEGG database. Two TRP subtypes were identified and patients in subtype B had the best prognosis among the two subtypes. Significant differences in staging and grading existed among the different subtypes. In GEO cohort, univariate Cox analysis were performed to screen prognosis related genes. A TRP channel-related prognostic signature, which included 7 signature-related genes, was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Patients were divided into a high-risk group and low-risk group by the median risk score. In GEO and TCGA cohorts, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, principal component analysis (PCA), and univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to confirm the validity of signature. Following a more in-depth study of the TME based on the risk signature, it was discovered that the high-risk group had higher immune cell infiltration and lower tumor purity, indicating a bad prognosis. Patients with high risk scores also had increased immune checkpoint expression, indicating that these patients may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy than other patients. We also found that paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil displayed a better response in treating the low-risk score ESCC patients. This study also adopted GTEx and qRT-PCR to perform experimental verification processes. In summary, we identified a TRP channel-associated prognostic signature. This signature can predict prognosis and immune microenvironment in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaolin Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuebo Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ren Niu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Shujun Li, , 0000-0001-5959-3160
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145
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Cyran AM, Zhitkovich A. Heat Shock Proteins and HSF1 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860320. [PMID: 35311075 PMCID: PMC8924369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fitness of cells is dependent on protein homeostasis which is maintained by cooperative activities of protein chaperones and proteolytic machinery. Upon encountering protein-damaging conditions, cells activate the heat-shock response (HSR) which involves HSF1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of a group of chaperones - the heat shock proteins (HSPs). Cancer cells experience high levels of proteotoxic stress due to the production of mutated proteins, aneuploidy-induced excess of components of multiprotein complexes, increased translation rates, and dysregulated metabolism. To cope with this chronic state of proteotoxic stress, cancers almost invariably upregulate major components of HSR, including HSF1 and individual HSPs. Some oncogenic programs show dependence or coupling with a particular HSR factor (such as frequent coamplification of HSF1 and MYC genes). Elevated levels of HSPs and HSF1 are typically associated with drug resistance and poor clinical outcomes in various malignancies. The non-oncogene dependence ("addiction") on protein quality controls represents a pancancer target in treating human malignancies, offering a potential to enhance efficacy of standard and targeted chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In cancers with specific dependencies, HSR components can serve as alternative targets to poorly druggable oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Cyran
- Legoretta Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Legoretta Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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146
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Long ZJ, Wang JD, Xu JQ, Lei XX, Liu Q. cGAS/STING cross-talks with cell cycle and potentiates cancer immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1006-1017. [PMID: 35121107 PMCID: PMC8899703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct duplication and transfer of genetic material to daughter cells is the major event of cell division. Dysfunction of DNA replication or chromosome segregation presents challenges in cancer initiation and development as well as opportunities for cancer treatment. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) of the innate immune system detects cytoplasmic DNA and mediates downstream immune responses through the molecule stimulator of interferon genes (STING). However, how cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS participates in guaranteeing accurate cell division and preventing tumorigenesis is still unclear. Recent evidence indicates malfunction of cGAS/STING pathway in cancer progression. Cell cycle-targeted therapy synergizes with immunotherapy via cGAS/STING activation, leading to promising therapeutic benefit. Here, we review the interactions between cell cycle regulation and cGAS/STING signaling, thus enabling us to understand the role of cGAS/STING in cancer initiation, development, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Jun-Dan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jue-Qiong Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xin-Xing Lei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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147
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Morrison AJ. Cancer cell metabolism connects epigenetic modifications to transcriptional regulation. FEBS J 2022; 289:1302-1314. [PMID: 34036737 PMCID: PMC8613311 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of cellular function with the nutrient environment is essential for survival. Failure to adapt can lead to cell death and/or disease. Indeed, energy metabolism alterations are a major contributing factor for many pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In particular, a primary characteristic of cancer cells is altered metabolism that promotes survival and proliferation even in the presence of limited nutrients. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that metabolic pathways produce intermediary metabolites that directly influence epigenetic modifications in the genome. Emerging evidence demonstrates that metabolic processes in cancer cells fuel malignant growth, in part, through epigenetic regulation of gene expression programs important for proliferation and adaptive survival. In this review, recent progress toward understanding the relationship of cancer cell metabolism, epigenetic modification, and transcriptional regulation will be discussed. Specifically, the need for adaptive cell metabolism and its modulation in cancer cells will be introduced. Current knowledge on the emerging field of metabolite production and epigenetic modification will also be reviewed. Alterations of DNA (de)methylation, histone modifications, such as (de)methylation and (de)acylation, as well as chromatin remodeling, will be discussed in the context of cancer cell metabolism. Finally, how these epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer cell phenotypes will be summarized. Collectively, these studies reveal that both metabolic and epigenetic pathways in cancer cells are closely linked, representing multiple opportunities to therapeutically target the unique features of malignant growth.
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148
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Wang H, Zhang J. Identification of DTL as Related Biomarker and Immune Infiltration Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Comprehensive Strategies. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2329-2345. [PMID: 35264872 PMCID: PMC8901051 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s352330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although considerable progress has been made in basic and clinical research on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the biomarkers of the progression of NPC have not been fully studied and described. This study was designed to identify potential novel biomarkers for NPC using integrated analyses and explore the immune cell infiltration in this pathological process. Methods Five GEO data sets were downloaded from gene expression omnibus database (GEO) and analysed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The four algorithms were adopted for screening of novel and key biomarkers for NPC, including random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Lastly, CIBERSORT was used to assess the infiltration of immune cells in NPC, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. Results Herein, we identified 46 DEGs, and enrichment analysis results showed that DEGs and several kinds of signaling pathways might be closely associated with the occurrence and progression of NPC. DTL was recognized as NPC-related biomarker. DTL, also known as retinoic acid-regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (RAMP), or DNA replication factor 2 (CDT2), is reported to be correlated with the cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and cell invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and gastric cancer. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that macrophages M0, macrophages M1 and T cells CD4 memory activated were linked to pathogenesis of NPC. Conclusion In summary, we adopted a comprehensive strategy to screen DTL as biomarkers related to NPC and explore the critical role of immune cell infiltration in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hehe Wang, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Junge Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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149
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Edamatsu H. Zinc ions negatively regulate proapoptotic signaling in cells expressing oncogenic mutant Ras. Biometals 2022; 35:349-362. [PMID: 35212861 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutational activation of the Ras family of proto-oncogenes promotes cell survival and proliferation. Studies using cells cultured in vitro have shown that ectopic expression of constitutively active Ras suppresses apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. However, in some cellular contexts, constitutively active Ras exerts the opposite effects, including apoptosis of serum-starved embryonic fibroblasts. Such observations first came over two decades ago, but the molecular mechanisms by which mutant Ras increases the susceptibility of cells to serum deprivation leading to apoptosis are still not fully understood. To revisit this issue, I investigate the effects of serum depletion and mutant Ras expression on intracellular signaling and transcriptome of cells carrying an inducible allele of constitutively active mutant Hras (HrasG12V). I identify zinc ions (Zn2+) as a serum factor that suppresses proapoptotic signaling in cells expressing HrasG12V. Mechanistically, HrasG12V expression along with Zn2+ deficiency activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are required for caspase-3 activation involved in the induction of cell death. Transcriptome analyses suggest that HrasG12V induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). Further analyses of intracellular signaling biomolecules related to the UPR indicate that HrasG12V activates inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), which synergizes with Zn2+ deficiency to activate JNK and p38 MAPK signaling. These results provide insights into a role of Zn2+ that counteracts proapoptotic signaling activated by mutationally activated Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Edamatsu
- Department of Biology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
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150
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Montagna C, Filomeni G. Looking at denitrosylation to understand the myogenesis gone awry theory of rhabdomyosarcoma. Nitric Oxide 2022; 122-123:1-5. [PMID: 35182743 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of proteins is a nitric oxide (NO)-based post-translational modification of cysteine residues. By removing the NO moiety from S-nitrosothiol adducts, denitrosylases restore sulfhydryl protein pool and act as downstream tuners of S-nitrosylation signaling. Alterations in the S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation dynamics are implicated in many pathological states, including cancer ontogenesis and progression, skeletal muscle myogenesis and function. Here, we aim to provide and link different lines of evidence, and elaborate on the possible role of S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation signaling in rhabdomyosarcoma, one of the most common pediatric mesenchymal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montagna
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Unicamillus-Saint Camillus University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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