101
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Kononenko N, Haucke V. Molecular Mechanisms of Presynaptic Membrane Retrieval and Synaptic Vesicle Reformation. Neuron 2015; 85:484-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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102
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Renard HF, Simunovic M, Lemière J, Boucrot E, Garcia-Castillo MD, Arumugam S, Chambon V, Lamaze C, Wunder C, Kenworthy AK, Schmidt AA, McMahon HT, Sykes C, Bassereau P, Johannes L. Endophilin-A2 functions in membrane scission in clathrin-independent endocytosis. Nature 2015; 517:493-6. [PMID: 25517096 PMCID: PMC4342003 DOI: 10.1038/nature14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During endocytosis, energy is invested to narrow the necks of cargo-containing plasma membrane invaginations to radii at which the opposing segments spontaneously coalesce, thereby leading to the detachment by scission of endocytic uptake carriers. In the clathrin pathway, dynamin uses mechanical energy from GTP hydrolysis to this effect, assisted by the BIN/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain-containing protein endophilin. Clathrin-independent endocytic events are often less reliant on dynamin, and whether in these cases BAR domain proteins such as endophilin contribute to scission has remained unexplored. Here we show, in human and other mammalian cell lines, that endophilin-A2 (endoA2) specifically and functionally associates with very early uptake structures that are induced by the bacterial Shiga and cholera toxins, which are both clathrin-independent endocytic cargoes. In controlled in vitro systems, endoA2 reshapes membranes before scission. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endoA2, dynamin and actin contribute in parallel to the scission of Shiga-toxin-induced tubules. Our results establish a novel function of endoA2 in clathrin-independent endocytosis. They document that distinct scission factors operate in an additive manner, and predict that specificity within a given uptake process arises from defined combinations of universal modules. Our findings highlight a previously unnoticed link between membrane scaffolding by endoA2 and pulling-force-driven dynamic scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-François Renard
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mijo Simunovic
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Membrane and Cell Functions group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- The University of Chicaco, Department of Chemistry, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joël Lemière
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Biomimetism of Cell Movement group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London & Birkbeck College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria-Daniela Garcia-Castillo
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Chambon
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian Wunder
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne K. Kenworthy
- Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, 718 Light Hall, 37232 Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anne A. Schmidt
- CNRS, UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Harvey T. McMahon
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cécile Sykes
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Biomimetism of Cell Movement group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Membrane and Cell Functions group, CNRS UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie — Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France
- U1143 INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
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103
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Frolov VA, Escalada A, Akimov SA, Shnyrova AV. Geometry of membrane fission. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 185:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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104
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Abstract
Dynamins and BAR proteins are crucial in a wide variety of cellular processes for their ability to mediate membrane remodeling, such as membrane curvature and membrane fission and fusion. In this review, we highlight dynamins and BAR proteins and the cellular mechanisms that are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. We specifically discuss the roles of the seproteinsin endocytosis, endo-lysosomal trafficking, autophagy, and apoptosis as these processes are all tightly linked to membrane remodeling and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Sundborger
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jenny E. Hinshaw
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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105
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Fürthauer M, Smythe E. Systems dynamics in endocytosis. Traffic 2014; 15:338-46. [PMID: 24405722 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endocytic system acts at the crossroads of different cellular activities to play a central role in the regulation of cell signaling and membrane dynamics. An European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) conference held in October 2013 in Villars-sur-Ollon gathered researchers from all over the world to present their latest findings on the endolysosomal system and identify major challenges for the future. The conference covered the entire spectrum of research in this rapidly evolving field ranging from the cellular mechanics of endocytosis to the role of proteins and lipids in the biogenesis and function of endolysosomal organelles and the analysis of higher order system properties in multicellular contexts. In particular, the meeting highlighted current efforts to complement the insights that can be gained by biochemical and cell biological approaches with the use of quantitative biophysics, systems biology and animal model systems to achieve an integrated view of the properties of the endomembrane system and its role in cellular information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fürthauer
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, CNRS UMR7277, INSERM 1091, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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106
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MacGregor KA, Abdel-Hamid MK, Odell LR, Chau N, Whiting A, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. Development of quinone analogues as dynamin GTPase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:191-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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107
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Abstract
Among the proteins involved in lipid membrane remodeling in intracellular traffic, dynamin has been the focus of many studies, as it was the first protein shown to be mechanistically involved in membrane fission: the reaction by which a vesicle neck can be severed to release a free vesicle. After almost 25 years of research, a wide variety of data from various techniques has been acquired on the mechanism by which dynamin breaks membranes. However, the literature may sometimes sound confusing, and the primary goal of this review will be to provide a stepping stone towards a potential consensus on how dynamin may work. I will then discuss the most recent findings in light of previous work, and the future possible lines of research in the field of dynamin.
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108
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Abstract
Dynamin is a large GTPase that mediates plasma membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin assembles into polymers on the necks of budding membranes in cells and has been shown to undergo GTP-dependent conformational changes that lead to membrane fission in vitro. Recent efforts have shed new light on the mechanisms of dynamin-mediated fission, yet exactly how dynamin performs this function in vivo is still not fully understood. Dynamin interacts with a number of proteins during the endocytic process. These interactions are mediated by the C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD) of dynamin binding to SH3 domain-containing proteins. Three of these dynamin-binding partners (intersectin, amphiphysin and endophilin) have been shown to play important roles in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis process. They promote dynamin-mediated plasma membrane fission by regulating three important sequential steps in the process: recruitment of dynamin to sites of endocytosis; assembly of dynamin into a functional fission complex at the necks of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs); and regulation of dynamin-stimulated GTPase activity, a key requirement for fission.
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109
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Ugarte-Uribe B, Müller HM, Otsuki M, Nickel W, García-Sáez AJ. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) promotes structural intermediates of membrane division. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30645-30656. [PMID: 25237193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.575779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Drp1 is a dynamin-like GTPase that mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal division in a process dependent on self-assembly and coupled to GTP hydrolysis. Despite the link between Drp1 malfunction and human disease, the molecular details of its membrane activity remain poorly understood. Here we reconstituted and directly visualized Drp1 activity in giant unilamellar vesicles. We quantified the effect of lipid composition and GTP on membrane binding and remodeling activity by fluorescence confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. In contrast to other dynamin relatives, Drp1 bound to both curved and flat membranes even in the absence of nucleotides. We also found that Drp1 induced membrane tubulation that was stimulated by cardiolipin. Moreover, Drp1 promoted membrane tethering dependent on the intrinsic curvature of the membrane lipids and on GTP. Interestingly, Drp1 concentrated at membrane contact surfaces and, in the presence of GTP, formed discrete clusters on the vesicles. Our findings support a role of Drp1 not only in the formation of lipid tubes but also on the stabilization of tightly apposed membranes, which are intermediate states in the process of mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Ugarte-Uribe
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany,; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | | | - Miki Otsuki
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany,; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and.
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110
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Cocucci E, Gaudin R, Kirchhausen T. Dynamin recruitment and membrane scission at the neck of a clathrin-coated pit. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3595-609. [PMID: 25232009 PMCID: PMC4230619 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-07-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin2 dimers are the preferred assembly units recruited to coated pits. About 26 dynamins (one helical turn of a dynamin collar) are enough for release of most coated vesicles. A circumferential twist–propagating model is proposed that requires that one complete turn of the helix reach a state in which one or more pairs of GTPase domains interact. Dynamin, the GTPase required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is recruited to clathrin-coated pits in two sequential phases. The first is associated with coated pit maturation; the second, with fission of the membrane neck of a coated pit. Using gene-edited cells that express dynamin2-EGFP instead of dynamin2 and live-cell TIRF imaging with single-molecule EGFP sensitivity and high temporal resolution, we detected the arrival of dynamin at coated pits and defined dynamin dimers as the preferred assembly unit. We also used live-cell spinning-disk confocal microscopy calibrated by single-molecule EGFP detection to determine the number of dynamins recruited to the coated pits. A large fraction of budding coated pits recruit between 26 and 40 dynamins (between 1 and 1.5 helical turns of a dynamin collar) during the recruitment phase associated with neck fission; 26 are enough for coated vesicle release in cells partially depleted of dynamin by RNA interference. We discuss how these results restrict models for the mechanism of dynamin-mediated membrane scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cocucci
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raphaël Gaudin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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111
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Pinot M, Vanni S, Pagnotta S, Lacas-Gervais S, Payet LA, Ferreira T, Gautier R, Goud B, Antonny B, Barelli H. Lipid cell biology. Polyunsaturated phospholipids facilitate membrane deformation and fission by endocytic proteins. Science 2014; 345:693-7. [PMID: 25104391 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) with polyunsaturated acyl chains are extremely abundant in a few specialized cellular organelles such as synaptic vesicles and photoreceptor discs, but their effect on membrane properties is poorly understood. Here, we found that polyunsaturated PLs increased the ability of dynamin and endophilin to deform and vesiculate synthetic membranes. When cells incorporated polyunsaturated fatty acids into PLs, the plasma membrane became more amenable to deformation by a pulling force and the rate of endocytosis was accelerated, in particular, under conditions in which cholesterol was limiting. Molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical measurements indicated that polyunsaturated PLs adapted their conformation to membrane curvature. Thus, by reducing the energetic cost of membrane bending and fission, polyunsaturated PLs may help to support rapid endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pinot
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France. Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Institut Curie and CNRS, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sophie Pagnotta
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Laurie-Anne Payet
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers and CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Ferreira
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers and CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - Romain Gautier
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Institut Curie and CNRS, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Antonny
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Hélène Barelli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
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112
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Sundborger AC, Fang S, Heymann JA, Ray P, Chappie JS, Hinshaw JE. A dynamin mutant defines a superconstricted prefission state. Cell Rep 2014; 8:734-42. [PMID: 25088425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is a 100 kDa GTPase that organizes into helical assemblies at the base of nascent clathrin-coated vesicles. Formation of these oligomers stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of dynamin, which is necessary for efficient membrane fission during endocytosis. Recent evidence suggests that the transition state of dynamin's GTP hydrolysis reaction serves as a key determinant of productive fission. Here, we present the structure of a transition-state-defective dynamin mutant K44A trapped in a prefission state at 12.5 Å resolution. This structure constricts to 3.7 nm, reaching the theoretical limit required for spontaneous membrane fission. Computational docking indicates that the ground-state conformation of the dynamin polymer is sufficient to achieve this superconstricted prefission state and reveals how a two-start helical symmetry promotes the most efficient packing of dynamin tetramers around the membrane neck. These data suggest a model for the assembly and regulation of the minimal dynamin fission machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Sundborger
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shunming Fang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jürgen A Heymann
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pampa Ray
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua S Chappie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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113
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Boissan M, Montagnac G, Shen Q, Griparic L, Guitton J, Romao M, Sauvonnet N, Lagache T, Lascu I, Raposo G, Desbourdes C, Schlattner U, Lacombe ML, Polo S, van der Bliek AM, Roux A, Chavrier P. Membrane trafficking. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases fuel dynamin superfamily proteins with GTP for membrane remodeling. Science 2014; 344:1510-5. [PMID: 24970086 PMCID: PMC4601533 DOI: 10.1126/science.1253768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin superfamily molecular motors use guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy for membrane-remodeling events. We found that knockdown of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) NM23-H1/H2, which produce GTP through adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven conversion of guanosine diphosphate (GDP), inhibited dynamin-mediated endocytosis. NM23-H1/H2 localized at clathrin-coated pits and interacted with the proline-rich domain of dynamin. In vitro, NM23-H1/H2 were recruited to dynamin-induced tubules, stimulated GTP-loading on dynamin, and triggered fission in the presence of ATP and GDP. NM23-H4, a mitochondria-specific NDPK, colocalized with mitochondrial dynamin-like OPA1 involved in mitochondria inner membrane fusion and increased GTP-loading on OPA1. Like OPA1 loss of function, silencing of NM23-H4 but not NM23-H1/H2 resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation, reflecting fusion defects. Thus, NDPKs interact with and provide GTP to dynamins, allowing these motor proteins to work with high thermodynamic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Boissan
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris 06, Paris, France. Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 938, Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Qinfang Shen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorena Griparic
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maryse Romao
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Structure and Membrane Compartments, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sauvonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Lagache
- Quantitative Image Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ioan Lascu
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires-CNRS, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Structure and Membrane Compartments, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Céline Desbourdes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France. Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France. Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Lise Lacombe
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris 06, Paris, France. Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 938, Paris, France
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy. Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander M van der Bliek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, & Swiss National Center for Competence in Research Program Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France.
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114
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Daumke O, Roux A, Haucke V. BAR domain scaffolds in dynamin-mediated membrane fission. Cell 2014; 156:882-92. [PMID: 24581490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes undergo constant remodeling by membrane fission and fusion to change their shape and to exchange material between subcellular compartments. During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the dynamic assembly and disassembly of protein scaffolds comprising members of the bin-amphiphysin-rvs (BAR) domain protein superfamily constrain the membrane into distinct shapes as the pathway progresses toward fission by the GTPase dynamin. In this Review, we discuss how BAR domain protein assembly and disassembly are controlled in space and time and which structural and biochemical features allow the tight regulation of their shape and function to enable dynamin-mediated membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Daumke
- Max-Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aurélien Roux
- University of Geneva, Department of Biochemistry, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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115
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Loebrich S. The role of F-actin in modulating Clathrin-mediated endocytosis: Lessons from neurons in health and neuropsychiatric disorder. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:e28740. [PMID: 25053985 PMCID: PMC4091099 DOI: 10.4161/cib.28740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is one of several mechanisms for retrieving transmembrane proteins from the cell surface. This key mechanism is highly conserved in evolution and is found in any eukaryotic cell from yeast to mammals. Studies from several model organisms have revealed that filamentous actin (F-actin) plays multiple distinct roles in shaping Clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Yet, despite the identification of numerous molecules at the interface between endocytic machinery and the cytoskeleton, our mechanistic understanding of how F-actin regulates endocytosis remains limited. Key insights come from neurons where vesicular release and internalization are critical to pre- and postsynaptic function. Recent evidence from human genetics puts postsynaptic organization, glutamate receptor trafficking, and F-actin remodeling in the spotlight as candidate mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders. Here I review recent findings that connect the F-actin cytoskeleton mechanistically to Clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the central nervous system, and discuss their potential involvement in conferring risk for neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Loebrich
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA USA
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116
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Chandrasekar I, Goeckeler ZM, Turney SG, Wang P, Wysolmerski RB, Adelstein RS, Bridgman PC. Nonmuscle myosin II is a critical regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Traffic 2014; 15:418-32. [PMID: 24443954 PMCID: PMC3975594 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Variable requirements for actin during clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) may be related to regional or cellular differences in membrane tension. To compensate, local regulation of force generation may be needed to facilitate membrane curving and vesicle budding. Force generation is assumed to occur primarily through actin polymerization. Here we examine the role of myosin II using loss of function experiments. Our results indicate that myosin II acts on cortical actin scaffolds primarily in the plane of the plasma membrane (bottom arrow) to generate changes that are critical for enhancing CME progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Chandrasekar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Zoe M. Goeckeler
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Stephen G. Turney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Robert B. Wysolmerski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | | | - Paul C. Bridgman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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117
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Abstract
Dynamin is a large GTPase with roles in membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis, in actin dynamics and in cytokinesis. Defects in dynamin have been linked to human diseases. The synthesis of a dynamin modulator toolkit comprising two different inhibitor classes is described. The first series comprises Dynole 34-2, Dynole 2-24 and the inactive control Dynole 31-2. The Dynole compounds act on the dynamin G domain, are not GTP competitive and can be synthesized in 2-3 d. Knoevenagel condensation of 1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1) with cyanoamides (2 and 3) affords Dynole 31-2 and Dynole 34-2, respectively. Reductive amination of 1 with decylamine gives Dynole 2-24. The second series acts at an allosteric site in the G domain of dynamin and comprises Dyngo 4a and Dyngo Ø (inactive control). Both are synthesized in an overnight reaction via condensation of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic hydrazide with 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde to afford Dyngo 4a, or with benzaldehyde to afford Dyngo Ø.
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118
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Idrissi FZ, Geli MI. Zooming in on the molecular mechanisms of endocytic budding by time-resolved electron microscopy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:641-57. [PMID: 24002236 PMCID: PMC11113444 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic budding implies the remodeling of a plasma membrane portion from a flat sheet to a closed vesicle. Clathrin- and actin-mediated endocytosis in yeast has proven a very powerful model to study this process, with more than 60 evolutionarily conserved proteins involved in fashioning primary endocytic vesicles. Major progress in the field has been made during the last decades by defining the sequential recruitment of the endocytic machinery at the cell cortex using live-cell fluorescence microscopy. Higher spatial resolution has been recently achieved by developing time-resolved electron microscopy methods, allowing for the first time the visualization of changes in the plasma membrane shape, coupled to the dynamics of the endocytic machinery. Here, we highlight these advances and review recent findings from yeast and mammals that have increased our understanding of where and how endocytic proteins may apply force to remodel the plasma membrane during different stages of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zahra Idrissi
- Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,
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119
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Johannes L, Wunder C, Bassereau P. Bending "on the rocks"--a cocktail of biophysical modules to build endocytic pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:6/1/a016741. [PMID: 24384570 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biological processes rely on endocytosis. The construction of endocytic pits is achieved by a bewildering complexity of biochemical factors that function in clathrin-dependent and -independent pathways. In this review, we argue that this complexity can be conceptualized by a deceptively small number of physical principles that fall into two broad categories: passive mechanisms, such as asymmetric transbilayer stress, scaffolding, line tension, and crowding, and active mechanisms driven by mechanochemical enzymes and/or cytoskeleton. We illustrate how the functional identity of biochemical modules depends on system parameters such as local protein density on membranes, thus explaining some of the controversy in the field. Different modules frequently operate in parallel in the same step and often are shared by apparently divergent uptake processes. The emergence of a novel endocytic classification system may thus be envisioned in which functional modules are the elementary bricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Traffic, Signaling and Delivery Group, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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120
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The biology of boundary conditions: cellular reconstitution in one, two, and three dimensions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 26:60-8. [PMID: 24529247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reconstituting cellular behavior outside the complex environment of the cell allows the study of biological processes in simplified and controlled settings. Making the leap from cells to test tubes, however, carries the inevitable risk of removing too much context and therefore sacrificing the important biochemical, mechanical, or geometrical constraints that guide the system's behavior. In response to this challenge, reconstitution experiments have recently begun to focus not only on including the right molecules but also on faithfully recapitulating the constraints that are present within a cell. By setting the appropriate biological boundary conditions, these experiments are uncovering how dimensional constraints within the cellular environment guide biological processes.
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121
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González-Jamett AM, Haro-Acuña V, Momboisse F, Caviedes P, Bevilacqua JA, Cárdenas AM. Dynamin-2 in nervous system disorders. J Neurochem 2013; 128:210-23. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arlek M. González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Valentina Haro-Acuña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Fanny Momboisse
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Jorge A. Bevilacqua
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile; and Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo; ICBM; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Ana M. Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
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122
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Puchkov D, Haucke V. Greasing the synaptic vesicle cycle by membrane lipids. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:493-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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123
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González-Jamett AM, Momboisse F, Haro-Acuña V, Bevilacqua JA, Caviedes P, Cárdenas AM. Dynamin-2 function and dysfunction along the secretory pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:126. [PMID: 24065954 PMCID: PMC3776141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-2 is a ubiquitously expressed mechano-GTPase involved in different stages of the secretory pathway. Its most well-known function relates to the scission of nascent vesicles from the plasma membrane during endocytosis; however, it also participates in the formation of new vesicles from the Golgi network, vesicle trafficking, fusion processes and in the regulation of microtubule, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Over the last 8 years, more than 20 mutations in the dynamin-2 gene have been associated to two hereditary neuromuscular disorders: Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and centronuclear myopathy. Most of these mutations are grouped in the pleckstrin homology domain; however, there are no common mutations associated with both disorders, suggesting that they differently impact on dynamin-2 function in diverse tissues. In this review, we discuss the impact of these disease-related mutations on dynamin-2 function during vesicle trafficking and endocytotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek M. González-Jamett
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Momboisse
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentina Haro-Acuña
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Bevilacqua
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Ana María Cárdenas, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha 2360102, Valparaíso, Chile e-mail:
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124
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Park RJ, Shen H, Liu L, Liu X, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Dynamin triple knockout cells reveal off target effects of commonly used dynamin inhibitors. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5305-12. [PMID: 24046449 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.138578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin, which is encoded by three genes in mammals, is a GTPase implicated in endocytic membrane fission. Dynamin 1 and 3 are predominantly expressed in brain, whereas dynamin 2 is ubiquitously expressed. With the goal of assessing the impact of the lack of dynamin on cell physiology, we previously generated and characterized dynamin 1 and 2 double knockout (DKO) fibroblasts. These DKO cells were unexpectedly viable in spite of a severe impairment of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. As low-level expression of the dynamin 3 gene in these cells could not be excluded, we have now engineered dynamin 1, 2 and 3 triple KO (TKO) fibroblasts. These cells did not reveal any additional defects beyond what was previously observed in DKO fibroblasts. Surprisingly, although fluid-phase endocytosis and peripheral membrane ruffling were not impaired by the lack of all three dynamins, two structurally similar, widely used dynamin inhibitors, dynasore and Dyngo-4a, robustly inhibited these two processes both in wild-type and TKO cells. Dynamin TKO cells will be useful tools for the further exploration of dynamin-dependent processes and the development of more specific dynamin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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125
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McGeachie AB, Odell LR, Quan A, Daniel JA, Chau N, Hill TA, Gorgani NN, Keating DJ, Cousin MA, van Dam EM, Mariana A, Whiting A, Perera S, Novelle A, Young KA, Deane FM, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, Chircop M, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ. Pyrimidyn compounds: dual-action small molecule pyrimidine-based dynamin inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1507-18. [PMID: 23642287 DOI: 10.1021/cb400137p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Its GTPase activity is stimulated by phospholipid binding to its PH domain, which induces helical oligomerization. We have designed a series of novel pyrimidine-based "Pyrimidyn" compounds that inhibit the lipid-stimulated GTPase activity of full length dynamin I and II with similar potency. The most potent analogue, Pyrimidyn 7, has an IC50 of 1.1 μM for dynamin I and 1.8 μM for dynamin II, making it among the most potent dynamin inhibitors identified to date. We investigated the mechanism of action of the Pyrimidyn compounds in detail by examining the kinetics of Pyrimidyn 7 inhibition of dynamin. The compound competitively inhibits both GTP and phospholipid interactions with dynamin I. While both mechanisms of action have been previously observed separately, this is the first inhibitor series to incorporate both and thereby to target two distinct domains of dynamin. Pyrimidyn 6 and 7 reversibly inhibit CME of both transferrin and EGF in a number of non-neuronal cell lines as well as inhibiting synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) in nerve terminals. Therefore, Pyrimidyn compounds block endocytosis by directly competing with GTP and lipid binding to dynamin, limiting both the recruitment of dynamin to membranes and its activation. This dual mode of action provides an important new tool for molecular dissection of dynamin's role in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. McGeachie
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Annie Quan
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - James A. Daniel
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nick N. Gorgani
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Damien J. Keating
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001,
Australia
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001,
Australia
| | - Ellen M. van Dam
- The Garvan Institute, 384 Victoria Street,
Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anna Mariana
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Swetha Perera
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Aimee Novelle
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Deane
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298,
Australia
| | - Jennette A. Sakoff
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298,
Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology,
Chemistry, The University of Newcastle,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s
Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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126
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Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, membrane compartments are split into two by membrane fission. This ensures discontinuity of membrane containers and thus proper compartmentalization. The first proteic machinery implicated in catalyzing membrane fission was dynamin. Dynamin forms helical collars at the neck of endocytic buds. This structural feature suggested that the helix of dynamin could constrict in order to promote fission of the enclosed membrane. However, verifying this hypothesis revealed itself to be a challenge, which inspired many in vitro and in vivo studies. The primary goal of this review is to discuss recent structural and physical data from biophysical studies that have refined our understanding of the dynamin mechanism. In addition to the constriction hypothesis, other models have been proposed to explain how dynamin induces membrane fission. We present experimental data supporting these various models and assess which model is the most probable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Morlot
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.
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127
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Chappie JS, Dyda F. Building a fission machine--structural insights into dynamin assembly and activation. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2773-84. [PMID: 23781021 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is a large multidomain GTPase that assembles into helical arrays around the necks of deeply invaginated clathrin-coated pits and catalyzes membrane fission during the final stages of endocytosis. Although it is well established that the function of dynamin in vivo depends on its oligomerization and its capacity for efficient GTP hydrolysis, the molecular mechanisms governing these activities have remained poorly defined. In recent years, there has been an explosion of structural data that has provided new insights into the architecture, organization and nucleotide-dependent conformational changes of the dynamin fission machine. Here, we review the key findings of these efforts and discuss the implications of each with regard to GTP hydrolysis, dynamin assembly and membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Chappie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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128
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Becalska AN, Kelley CF, Berciu C, Stanishneva-Konovalova TB, Fu X, Wang S, Sokolova OS, Nicastro D, Rodal AA. Formation of membrane ridges and scallops by the F-BAR protein Nervous Wreck. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2406-18. [PMID: 23761074 PMCID: PMC3727933 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-05-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are defined by extensive intracellular compartmentalization, which requires dynamic membrane remodeling. FER/Cip4 homology-Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain family proteins form crescent-shaped dimers, which can bend membranes into buds and tubules of defined geometry and lipid composition. However, these proteins exhibit an unexplained wide diversity of membrane-deforming activities in vitro and functions in vivo. We find that the F-BAR domain of the neuronal protein Nervous Wreck (Nwk) has a novel higher-order structure and membrane-deforming activity that distinguishes it from previously described F-BAR proteins. The Nwk F-BAR domain assembles into zigzags, creating ridges and periodic scallops on membranes in vitro. This activity depends on structural determinants at the tips of the F-BAR dimer and on electrostatic interactions of the membrane with the F-BAR concave surface. In cells, Nwk-induced scallops can be extended by cytoskeletal forces to produce protrusions at the plasma membrane. Our results define a new F-BAR membrane-deforming activity and illustrate a molecular mechanism by which positively curved F-BAR domains can produce a variety of membrane curvatures. These findings expand the repertoire of F-BAR domain mediated membrane deformation and suggest that unique modes of higher-order assembly can define how these proteins sculpt the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata N Becalska
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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129
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Abstract
Dynamin hydrolyzes GTP to constrict and sever membranes. Experimental advances bring dynamin into the realm of physics and reveal key roles for membrane tension and bending at the edge of the constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hurley
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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130
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Vesicle coats: structure, function, and general principles of assembly. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:279-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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131
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Abstract
Virus budding is a complex, multistep process in which viral proteins make specific alterations in membrane curvature. Many different viral proteins can deform the membrane and form a budding virion, but very few can mediate membrane scission to complete the budding process. As a result, enveloped viruses have developed numerous ways of facilitating membrane scission, including hijacking host cellular scission machinery and expressing their own scission proteins. These proteins mediate scission in very different ways, though the biophysical mechanics underlying their actions may be similar. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of membrane scission and the ways in which enveloped viruses use these systems to mediate the release of budding virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Rossman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom;
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132
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Weissenhorn W, Poudevigne E, Effantin G, Bassereau P. How to get out: ssRNA enveloped viruses and membrane fission. Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3:159-67. [PMID: 23583788 PMCID: PMC7102784 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some but not all enveloped viruses recruit the ESCRT machinery for release. ESCRT-III assembles into spiral dome-like structures that together with VPS4 may catalyze membrane fission. ESCRT-independent influenza virus employs an amphipathic helix from M2 to catalyze fission. Glycoproteins from enveloped viruses such as flaviviridae assemble into an exterior protein coat-like structure, which may contribute to fission.
Enveloped viruses acquire their membrane from the host cell and accordingly need to separate their envelope from cellular membranes via membrane fission. Although some of the enveloped viruses recruit the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) to catalyze the final fission reaction, many enveloped viruses seem to bud in an ESCRT-independent manner. Here we describe the principles that govern membrane fission reactions in general and review progress in the understanding of ESCRT-mediated membrane fission. We relate ESCRT function to budding of single stranded RNA viruses and discuss alternative ways to mediate membrane fission that may govern ESCRT-independent budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Weissenhorn
- Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI), UMI 3265, Université Joseph Fourier-EMBL-CNRS, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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133
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Holz
- Pharmacology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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134
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Shnyrova AV, Bashkirov PV, Akimov SA, Pucadyil TJ, Zimmerberg J, Schmid SL, Frolov VA. Geometric catalysis of membrane fission driven by flexible dynamin rings. Science 2013; 339:1433-6. [PMID: 23520112 PMCID: PMC3980720 DOI: 10.1126/science.1233920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biological membrane fission requires protein-driven stress. The guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) dynamin builds up membrane stress by polymerizing into a helical collar that constricts the neck of budding vesicles. How this curvature stress mediates nonleaky membrane remodeling is actively debated. Using lipid nanotubes as substrates to directly measure geometric intermediates of the fission pathway, we found that GTP hydrolysis limits dynamin polymerization into short, metastable collars that are optimal for fission. Collars as short as two rungs translated radial constriction to reversible hemifission via membrane wedging of the pleckstrin homology domains (PHDs) of dynamin. Modeling revealed that tilting of the PHDs to conform with membrane deformations creates the low-energy pathway for hemifission. This local coordination of dynamin and lipids suggests how membranes can be remodeled in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Shnyrova
- Biophysics Unit (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pavel V. Bashkirov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra L. Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vadim A. Frolov
- Biophysics Unit (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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135
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Meinecke M, Boucrot E, Camdere G, Hon WC, Mittal R, McMahon HT. Cooperative recruitment of dynamin and BIN/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain-containing proteins leads to GTP-dependent membrane scission. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6651-61. [PMID: 23297414 PMCID: PMC3585104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.444869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamin mediates various membrane fission events, including the scission of clathrin-coated vesicles. Here, we provide direct evidence for cooperative membrane recruitment of dynamin with the BIN/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) proteins, endophilin and amphiphysin. Surprisingly, endophilin and amphiphysin recruitment to membranes was also dependent on binding to dynamin due to auto-inhibition of BAR-membrane interactions. Consistent with reciprocal recruitment in vitro, dynamin recruitment to the plasma membrane in cells was strongly reduced by concomitant depletion of endophilin and amphiphysin, and conversely, depletion of dynamin dramatically reduced the recruitment of endophilin. In addition, amphiphysin depletion was observed to severely inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, GTP-dependent membrane scission by dynamin was dramatically elevated by BAR domain proteins. Thus, BAR domain proteins and dynamin act in synergy in membrane recruitment and GTP-dependent vesicle scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meinecke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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