101
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Chachar S, Chen J, Qin Y, Wu X, Yu H, Zhou Q, Fan X, Wang C, Brownell I, Xiao Y. Reciprocal signals between nerve and epithelium: how do neurons talk with epithelial cells? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2021; 10:56-67. [PMID: 34849302 PMCID: PMC8610808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most epithelium tissues continuously undergo self-renewal through proliferation and differentiation of epithelial stem cells (known as homeostasis), within a specialized stem cell niche. In highly innervated epithelium, peripheral nerves compose perineural niche and support stem cell homeostasis by releasing a variety of neurotransmitters, hormones, and growth factors and supplying trophic factors to the stem cells. Emerging evidence has shown that both sensory and motor nerves can regulate the fate of epithelial stem cells, thus influencing epithelium homeostasis. Understanding the mechanism of crosstalk between epithelial stem cells and neurons will reveal the important role of the perineural niche in physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, we review recent discoveries of the perineural niche in epithelium mainly in tissue homeostasis, with a limited touch in wound repair and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaruddin Chachar
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHaining 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang UniversityHaining 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Xiao
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
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102
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Chen X, Tong G, Fan J, Shen Y, Wang N, Gong W, Hu Z, Zhu K, Li X, Jin L, Cong W, Xiao J, Zhu Z. FGF21 promotes migration and differentiation of epidermal cells during wound healing via SIRT1-dependent autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1102-1121. [PMID: 34608629 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migration and differentiation of epidermal cells are essential for epidermal regeneration during wound healing. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays key roles in mediating a variety of biological activities. However, its role in skin wound healing remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fgf21 knockout (Fgf21 KO) mice were used to determine the effect of FGF21 on wound healing. The source of FGF21 and its target cells were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and ELISA assay. Moreover, Sirt1flox/flox and Atg7flox/flox mice were constructed and injected with the epidermal-specific Cre virus to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Migration and differentiation of keratinocytes were evaluated in vitro by cell scratch assays, immunofluorescence, and qRT-RCR. The effects were further assessed when SIRT1, ATG7, ATG5, BECN1, and P53 were silenced. Interactions between SIRT1 and autophagy-related genes were assessed using immunoprecipitation assays. KEY RESULTS FGF21 was active in fibroblasts and promoted migration and differentiation of keratinocytes following injury. After wounding, SIRT1 expression and autophagosome synthesis were lower in Fgf21 KO mice. Depletion of ATG7 in keratinocytes counteracted the FGF21-induced increases in migration and differentiation, suggesting that autophagy is required for the FGF21-mediated pro-healing effects. Furthermore, epithelial-specific Sirt1 knockout abolished the FGF21-mediated improvements of autophagy and wound healing. Silencing of SIRT1 in keratinocytes, which decreased deacetylation of p53 and autophagy-related proteins, revealed that FGF21-induced autophagy during wound healing was SIRT1-dependent. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FGF21 is a key regulator of keratinocyte migration and differentiation during wound healing. FGF21 may be a novel therapeutic target to accelerate would healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Gaozan Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junfu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijing Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kunxuan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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103
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Yu Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Zhu P, Zhang L, Peng Y, Yan X, Li Y, Hua P, Liu C, Li Q, Zhang L. A stress-induced miR-31-CLOCK-ERK pathway is a key driver and therapeutic target for skin aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:795-809. [PMID: 37117623 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Regressive changes in epithelial stem cells underlie mammalian skin aging, but the driving mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that mouse skin hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) aging is initiated by their intrinsic upregulation of miR-31, a microRNA that can be induced by physical injury or genotoxic stress and is also strongly upregulated in aged human skin epithelium. Using transgenic and conditional knockout mouse models plus a lineage-tracing technique, we show that miR-31 acts as a key driver of HFSC aging by directly targeting Clock, a core circadian clock gene whose deregulation activates a MAPK/ERK cascade to induce HFSC depletion via transepidermal elimination. Notably, blocking this pathway by either conditional miR-31 ablation or clinically approved MAPK/ERK inhibitors provides safe and effective protection against skin aging, enlightening a promising therapeutic avenue for treating skin aging and other genotoxic stress-induced skin conditions such as radiodermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - You Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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104
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Myc determines the functional age state of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:826-837. [PMID: 37117631 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Like many adult stem cell populations, the capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to proliferate and differentiate is substantially impaired with aging. Previous work has shown that tissue-wide transient expression of the pluripotency factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc extends lifespan and enhances somatic cell function. Here we show that just one of these factors, c-Myc, is sufficient to determine the age state of OPC: c-Myc expression in aged OPCs drives their functional rejuvenation, while its inhibition in neonatal OPCs induces an aged-like phenotype, as determined by in vitro assays and transcriptome analysis. Increasing c-Myc expression in aged OPCs in vivo restores their proliferation and differentiation capacity, thereby enhancing regeneration in an aged central nervous system environment. Our results directly link Myc to cellular activity and cell age state, with implications for understanding regeneration in the context of aging, and provide important insights into the biology of stem cell aging.
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105
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Kahn M. Taking the road less traveled - the therapeutic potential of CBP/β-catenin antagonists. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:701-719. [PMID: 34633266 PMCID: PMC8745629 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1992386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AREAS COVERED This perspective discusses the challenges of targeting the Wnt signaling cascade, the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential of specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists and a rationale for the pleiotropic effects of CBP/β-catenin antagonists beyond Wnt signaling. EXPERT OPINION CBP/β-catenin antagonists can correct lineage infidelity, enhance wound healing, both normal and aberrant (e.g. fibrosis) and force the differentiation and lineage commitment of stem cells and cancer stem cells by regulating enhancer and super-enhancer coactivator occupancy. Small molecule CBP/β-catenin antagonists rebalance the equilibrium between CBP/β-catenin versus p300/β-catenin dependent transcription and may be able to treat or prevent many diseases of aging, via maintenance of our somatic stem cell pool, and regulating mitochondrial function and metabolism involved in differentiation and immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road Flower Building, Duarte, CA, USA
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106
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Anand H, Ende V, Singh G, Qureshi I, Duong TQ, Mehler MF. Nervous System-Systemic Crosstalk in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: A Unique Dyshomeostasis Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:727060. [PMID: 34512253 PMCID: PMC8430330 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.727060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a spectrum of acute neurological syndromes. A subset of these syndromes promotes higher in-hospital mortality than is predicted by traditional parameters defining critical care illness. This suggests that deregulation of components of the central and peripheral nervous systems compromises the interplay with systemic cellular, tissue and organ interfaces to mediate numerous atypical manifestations of COVID-19 through impairments in organismal homeostasis. This unique dyshomeostasis syndrome involves components of the ACE-2/1 lifecycles, renin-angiotensin system regulatory axes, integrated nervous system functional interactions and brain regions differentially sculpted by accelerated evolutionary processes and more primordial homeostatic functions. These biological contingencies suggest a mechanistic blueprint to define long-term neurological sequelae and systemic manifestations such as premature aging phenotypes, including organ fibrosis, tissue degeneration and cancer. Therapeutic initiatives must therefore encompass innovative combinatorial agents, including repurposing FDA-approved drugs targeting components of the autonomic nervous system and recently identified products of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnadar Anand
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Victoria Ende
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Gurinder Singh
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Irfan Qureshi
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tim Q. Duong
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mark F. Mehler
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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107
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Transcriptional Reprogramming and Constitutive PD-L1 Expression in Melanoma Are Associated with Dedifferentiation and Activation of Interferon and Tumour Necrosis Factor Signalling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174250. [PMID: 34503064 PMCID: PMC8428231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, is frequently associated with drug resistance in the advanced stages. For instance, frequently resistance is observed in sequential treatment of melanoma with targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In this research, the authors investigated whether potential transcriptional mechanisms and pathways associated with PD-L1 protein expression could underlie targeted therapy drug resistance in melanoma. The authors found a PD-L1 expression transcriptional pattern underlies resistance to targeted therapy in a subgroup of melanomas. These melanomas were markedly dedifferentiated, as compared to melanomas that were not drug resistant. Understanding changes in transcription and molecular pathways that lead to drug resistance could allow researchers to develop interventions to prevent drug resistance from occurring in melanoma, which could also be relevant to other cancer types. Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide. Advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have improved the survival of melanoma patients experiencing recurrent disease, but unfortunately treatment resistance frequently reduces patient survival. Resistance to targeted therapy is associated with transcriptomic changes and has also been shown to be accompanied by increased expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a potent inhibitor of immune response. Intrinsic upregulation of PD-L1 is associated with genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and widespread alterations in gene expression in melanoma cell lines. However, an in-depth analysis of the transcriptomic landscape of melanoma cells with intrinsically upregulated PD-L1 expression is lacking. To determine the transcriptomic landscape of intrinsically upregulated PD-L1 expression in melanoma, we investigated transcriptomes in melanomas with constitutive versus inducible PD-L1 expression (referred to as PD-L1CON and PD-L1IND). RNA-Seq analysis was performed on seven PD-L1CON melanoma cell lines and ten melanoma cell lines with low inducible PD-L1IND expression. We observed that PD-L1CON melanoma cells had a reprogrammed transcriptome with a characteristic pattern of dedifferentiated gene expression, together with active interferon (IFN) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathways. Furthermore, we identified key transcription factors that were also differentially expressed in PD-L1CON versus PD-L1IND melanoma cell lines. Overall, our studies describe transcriptomic reprogramming of melanomas with PD-L1CON expression.
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108
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Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment are independent yet synergistic drivers of tumour progression and underlie therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have highlighted the complex interaction between these cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms. The reciprocal communication between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and infiltrating immune cell populations in the tumour microenvironment is a paradigm for these interactions. In this Perspective, we discuss the signalling programmes that simultaneously induce CSCs and reprogramme the immune response to facilitate tumour immune evasion, metastasis and recurrence. We further highlight biological factors that can impact the nature of CSC-immune cell communication. Finally, we discuss targeting opportunities for simultaneous regulation of the CSC niche and immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Bayik
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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109
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Plikus MV, Wang X, Sinha S, Forte E, Thompson SM, Herzog EL, Driskell RR, Rosenthal N, Biernaskie J, Horsley V. Fibroblasts: Origins, definitions, and functions in health and disease. Cell 2021; 184:3852-3872. [PMID: 34297930 PMCID: PMC8566693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are diverse mesenchymal cells that participate in tissue homeostasis and disease by producing complex extracellular matrix and creating signaling niches through biophysical and biochemical cues. Transcriptionally and functionally heterogeneous across and within organs, fibroblasts encode regional positional information and maintain distinct cellular progeny. We summarize their development, lineages, functions, and contributions to fibrosis in four fibroblast-rich organs: skin, lung, skeletal muscle, and heart. We propose that fibroblasts are uniquely poised for tissue repair by easily reentering the cell cycle and exhibiting a reversible plasticity in phenotype and cell fate. These properties, when activated aberrantly, drive fibrotic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elvira Forte
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Sean M Thompson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Ryan R Driskell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK.
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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110
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Harnessing Carcinoma Cell Plasticity Mediated by TGF-β Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143397. [PMID: 34298613 PMCID: PMC8307280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review describes mechanisms driving epithelial plasticity in carcinoma mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Plasticity in carcinoma is frequently induced through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), an evolutionary conserved process in the development of multicellular organisms. The review explores the multifaceted functions of EMT, particularly focusing on the intermediate stages, which provide more adaptive responses of carcinoma cells in their microenvironment. The review critically considers how different intermediate or hybrid EMT stages confer carcinoma cells with stemness, refractoriness to therapies, and ability to execute all steps of the metastatic cascade. Finally, the review provides examples of therapeutic interventions based on the EMT concept. Abstract Epithelial cell plasticity, a hallmark of carcinoma progression, results in local and distant cancer dissemination. Carcinoma cell plasticity can be achieved through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), with cells positioned seemingly indiscriminately across the spectrum of EMT phenotypes. Different degrees of plasticity are achieved by transcriptional regulation and feedback-loops, which confer carcinoma cells with unique properties of tumor propagation and therapy resistance. Decoding the molecular and cellular basis of EMT in carcinoma should enable the discovery of new therapeutic strategies against cancer. In this review, we discuss the different attributes of plasticity in carcinoma and highlight the role of the canonical TGFβ receptor signaling pathway in the acquisition of plasticity. We emphasize the potential stochasticity of stemness in carcinoma in relation to plasticity and provide data from recent clinical trials that seek to target plasticity.
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111
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Ankawa R, Goldberger N, Yosefzon Y, Koren E, Yusupova M, Rosner D, Feldman A, Baror-Sebban S, Buganim Y, Simon DJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Fuchs Y. Apoptotic cells represent a dynamic stem cell niche governing proliferation and tissue regeneration. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1900-1916.e5. [PMID: 34197726 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play a key role in homeostasis and repair. While many studies have focused on SC self-renewal and differentiation, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism regulating SC elimination and compensation upon loss. Here, we report that Caspase-9 deletion in hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) attenuates the apoptotic cascade, resulting in significant temporal delays. Surprisingly, Casp9-deficient HFSCs accumulate high levels of cleaved caspase-3 and are improperly cleared due to an essential caspase-3/caspase-9 feedforward loop. These SCs are retained in an apoptotic-engaged state, serving as mitogenic signaling centers by continuously releasing Wnt3 and instructing proliferation. Investigating the underlying mechanism, we reveal a caspase-3/Dusp8/p38 module responsible for Wnt3 induction, which operates in both normal and Casp9-deleted HFSCs. Notably, Casp9-deleted mice display accelerated wound repair and de novo hair follicle regeneration. Taken together, we demonstrate that apoptotic cells represent a dynamic SC niche, from which emanating signals drive SC proliferation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitzan Goldberger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marianna Yusupova
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Rosner
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shulamit Baror-Sebban
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David J Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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112
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Chi X, Ji T, Li J, Xu J, Tang X, Xie L, Meng F, Guo W. Genomic Analysis Revealed Mutational Traits Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5101-5111. [PMID: 34234554 PMCID: PMC8254031 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s317809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The limited understanding of correlation between genomic features and biological behaviors has impeded the therapeutic breakthrough in osteosarcoma (OS). This study aimed to reveal the correlation of mutational and evolutionary traits with clinical outcomes. Methods We applied a case-based targeted and whole exome sequencing of eleven matched primary, recurrent and metastatic samples from three OS patients characterized by different clinical behaviors in local recurrence or systematic progression pattern. Results Extensive OS-associated driver genes were detected including TP53, RB1, NF1, PTEN, SPEN, CDKN2A. Oncogenic signaling pathways including cell cycle, TP53, MYC, Notch, WNT, RTK-RAS and PI3K were determined. MYC amplification was observed in the patient with shortest disease-free interval. Linear, branched or mixed evolutionary models were constructed in the three OS cases. A branched evolution with limited root mutation was detected in patient with shorter survival interval. ADAM17 mutation and HEY1 amplification were identified in OS happening dedifferentiation. Signatures 21 associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) was identified in OS patient with extra-pulmonary metastases. Conclusion OS was characterized by complex genomic alterations. MYC aberration, limited root mutations, and a branched evolutionary model were observed in OS patient with relatively aggressive course. Extra-pulmonary metastases of OS might attribute to distinct mutational process pertaining to MSI. Further research in a larger number of people is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Chi
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ji
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Medicine, OrigiMed, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xie
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfei Meng
- Department of Medicine, OrigiMed, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
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113
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Shibata S. Chromatin dynamics and epigenetics in skin stress adaptation. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:66-72. [PMID: 34238638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is constantly exposed to a wide variety of environmental insults, maintains its integrity by rapidly responding to external signals. In the epidermis, most genes are set in transcriptionally poised conditions to prepare for the prompt induction of stress responding genes. Local chromatin dynamics, supported by an interplay between epigenetic regulators and transcription factors, underlies transcriptional responses upon stress exposure. This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and discusses how stress signaling provokes chromatin reprogramming in the epidermis. Epigenetic regulators play a leading role in chromatin remodeling during stress adaptation, and the timely release and restoration of these factors are indispensable for an appropriate skin repair. Evidence for the epigenetic regulation of physiological responses in the skin is accumulating. The epigenetic environment under continuous stress stimuli may lead to the acquisition of stress tolerance, but at the same time, may also induce pathological hypersensitivity. This review describes the current understanding of epigenetics and provides the potential of epigenetic regulation in skin disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shibata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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114
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Feng L, Sun YD, Li C, Li YX, Chen LN, Zeng R. Pan-cancer Network Disorders Revealed by Overall and Local Signaling Entropy. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:622-635. [PMID: 34097054 PMCID: PMC8648393 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development is a process involving loss of the differentiation phenotype and acquisition of stem-like characteristics, which is driven by intracellular rewiring of signaling network. The measurement of network reprogramming and disorder would be challenging due to the complexity and heterogeneity of tumors. Here, we proposed signaling entropy (SR) to assess the degree of tumor network disorder. We calculated SR for 33 tumor types in The Cancer Genome Atlas database based on transcriptomic and proteomic data. The SR of tumors was significantly higher than that of normal samples and was highly correlated with cell stemness, cancer type, tumor grade, and metastasis. We further demonstrated the sensitivity and accuracy of using local SR in prognosis prediction and drug response evaluation. Overall, SR could reveal cancer network disorders related to tumor malignant potency, clinical prognosis, and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi-Di Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chen Li
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi-Xue Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luo-Nan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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115
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Wu Z, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Liu JB, Ho ZV, Panda A, Qiu X, Cejas P, Cañadas I, Akarca FG, McFarland JM, Nagaraja AK, Goss LB, Kesten N, Si L, Lim K, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Baek JY, Liu Y, Patil DT, Katz JP, Hai J, Bao C, Stachler M, Qi J, Ishizuka JJ, Nakagawa H, Rustgi AK, Wong KK, Meyerson M, Barbie DA, Brown M, Long H, Bass AJ. Reprogramming of the esophageal squamous carcinoma epigenome by SOX2 promotes ADAR1 dependence. Nat Genet 2021; 53:881-894. [PMID: 33972779 PMCID: PMC9124436 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) harbor recurrent chromosome 3q amplifications that target the transcription factor SOX2. Beyond its role as an oncogene in ESCC, SOX2 acts in development of the squamous esophagus and maintenance of adult esophageal precursor cells. To compare Sox2 activity in normal and malignant tissue, we developed engineered murine esophageal organoids spanning normal esophagus to Sox2-induced squamous cell carcinoma and mapped Sox2 binding and the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape with evolution from normal to cancer. While oncogenic Sox2 largely maintains actions observed in normal tissue, Sox2 overexpression with p53 and p16 inactivation promotes chromatin remodeling and evolution of the Sox2 cistrome. With Klf5, oncogenic Sox2 acquires new binding sites and enhances activity of oncogenes such as Stat3. Moreover, oncogenic Sox2 activates endogenous retroviruses, inducing expression of double-stranded RNA and dependence on the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1. These data reveal SOX2 functions in ESCC, defining targetable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Zhong Wu, Jin Zhou, Xiaoyang Zhang
| | - Jin Zhou
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Zhong Wu, Jin Zhou, Xiaoyang Zhang
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Zhong Wu, Jin Zhou, Xiaoyang Zhang
| | - Zhouwei Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie bin Liu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zandra V. Ho
- Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arpit Panda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xintao Qiu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Israel Cañadas
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Present address: Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fahire Goknur Akarca
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James M. McFarland
- Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ankur K. Nagaraja
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Present address: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Louisa B. Goss
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolas Kesten
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Longlong Si
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klothilda Lim
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepa T. Patil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Katz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine Hai
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyang Bao
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Stachler
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Cancer Biology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Ishizuka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A. Barbie
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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116
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Navrazhina K, Frew JW, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Garcet S, Krueger JG. Epithelialized tunnels are a source of inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2213-2224. [PMID: 33548397 PMCID: PMC8184580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic, painful, and burdensome inflammatory disease manifesting in nodules and abscesses, with progression to chronically draining tunnels in later-stage disease. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether HS tunnels are immunologically active participants in disease activity. METHODS Skin biopsy specimens were obtained by using ultrasound guidance in untreated patients with HS and those enrolled in an open-label study of brodalumab (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03960268) for patients with moderate-to-severe HS. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry of HS biopsy specimens demonstrated that the epithelialized HS tunnels recapitulate the psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia morphology of the overlying epidermis, displaying molecular inflammation, including S100A7 (psoriasin) positivity, as well as features of epidermal skin, including loricrin, filaggrin, lipocalin-2, and Melan-A positive cells. Tunnels were associated with increased infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils; formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased expression of psoriasiform proinflammatory cytokines. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering demonstrated a separation of HS samples based on the presence or absence of tunnels. Tunnels isolated by microdissection had higher levels of epithelium-derived inflammatory cytokines compared with the overlying epidermis and healthy controls. Clinically, the size and draining of the tunnels were decreased with treatment with the IL-17RA antagonist brodalumab. CONCLUSION These data suggest that tunnels are a source of inflammation in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Navrazhina
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY
| | - John W. Frew
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Gilleaudeau
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sullivan-Whalen
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Garcet
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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117
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Lichtenberger BM, Kasper M. Cellular heterogeneity and microenvironmental control of skin cancer. J Intern Med 2021; 289:614-628. [PMID: 32976658 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Healthy tissues harbour a surprisingly high number of cells that carry well-known cancer-causing mutations without impacting their physiological function. In recent years, strong evidence accumulated that the immediate environment of mutant cells profoundly impact their prospect of malignant progression. In this review, focusing on the skin, we investigate potential key mechanisms that ensure tissue homeostasis despite the presence of mutant cells, as well as critical factors that may nudge the balance from homeostasis to tumour formation. Functional in vivo studies and single-cell transcriptome analyses have revealed a tremendous cellular heterogeneity and plasticity within epidermal (stem) cells and their respective niches, revealing for example wild-type epithelial cells, fibroblasts or immune-cell subsets as critical in preventing cancer formation and malignant progression. It's the same cells, however, that can drive carcinogenesis. Therefore, understanding the abundance and molecular variation of cell types in health and disease, and how they interact and modulate the local signalling environment will thus be key for new therapeutic avenues in our battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lichtenberger
- From the, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kasper
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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118
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McGinn J, Hallou A, Han S, Krizic K, Ulyanchenko S, Iglesias-Bartolome R, England FJ, Verstreken C, Chalut KJ, Jensen KB, Simons BD, Alcolea MP. A biomechanical switch regulates the transition towards homeostasis in oesophageal epithelium. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:511-525. [PMID: 33972733 PMCID: PMC7611004 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells rapidly adapt their behaviour in response to increasing tissue demands. However, the processes that finely control these cell decisions remain largely unknown. The postnatal period covering the transition between early tissue expansion and the establishment of adult homeostasis provides a convenient model with which to explore this question. Here, we demonstrate that the onset of homeostasis in the epithelium of the mouse oesophagus is guided by the progressive build-up of mechanical strain at the organ level. Single-cell RNA sequencing and whole-organ stretching experiments revealed that the mechanical stress experienced by the growing oesophagus triggers the emergence of a bright Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) committed basal population, which balances cell proliferation and marks the transition towards homeostasis in a yes-associated protein (YAP)-dependent manner. Our results point to a simple mechanism whereby mechanical changes experienced at the whole-tissue level are integrated with those sensed at the cellular level to control epithelial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McGinn
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrien Hallou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seungmin Han
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kata Krizic
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svetlana Ulyanchenko
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frances J England
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria P Alcolea
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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119
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Chen T, Zeineldin M, Johnson BA, Dong Y, Narkar A, Li T, Zhu J, Li R, Larman TC. Colonic epithelial adaptation to EGFR-independent growth induces chromosomal instability and is accelerated by prior injury. Neoplasia 2021; 23:488-501. [PMID: 33906087 PMCID: PMC8099723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although much is known about the gene mutations required to drive colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, the tissue-specific selective microenvironments in which neoplasia arises remains less characterized. Here, we determined whether modulation of intestinal stem cell niche morphogens alone can exert a neoplasia-relevant selective pressure on normal colonic epithelium. Using adult stem cell-derived murine colonic epithelial organoids (colonoids), we employed a strategy of sustained withdrawal of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition to select for and expand survivors. EGFR-signaling-independent (iEGFR) colonoids emerged over rounds of selection and expansion. Colonoids derived from a mouse model of chronic mucosal injury showed an enhanced ability to adapt to EGFR inhibition. Whole-exome and transcriptomic analyses of iEGFR colonoids demonstrated acquisition of deleterious mutations and altered expression of genes implicated in EGF signaling, pyroptosis, and CRC. iEGFR colonoids acquired dysplasia-associated cytomorphologic changes, an increased proliferative rate, and the ability to survive independently of other required niche factors. These changes were accompanied by emergence of aneuploidy and chromosomal instability; further, the observed mitotic segregation errors were significantly associated with loss of interkinetic nuclear migration, a fundamental and dynamic process underlying intestinal epithelial homeostasis. This study provides key evidence that chromosomal instability and other phenotypes associated with neoplasia can be induced ex vivo via adaptation to EGF withdrawal in normal and stably euploid colonic epithelium, without introducing cancer-associated driver mutations. In addition, prior mucosal injury accelerates this evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiane Chen
- Department of Pathology, Division of GI/Liver Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Maged Zeineldin
- Department of Pathology, Division of GI/Liver Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Blake A Johnson
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Taibo Li
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tatianna C Larman
- Department of Pathology, Division of GI/Liver Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
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120
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Lambert AW, Weinberg RA. Linking EMT programmes to normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:325-338. [PMID: 33547455 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial stem cells serve critical physiological functions in the generation, maintenance and repair of diverse tissues through their ability to self-renew and spawn more specialized, differentiated cell types. In an analogous fashion, cancer stem cells have been proposed to fuel the growth, progression and recurrence of many carcinomas. Activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a latent cell-biological programme involved in development and wound healing, has been linked to the formation of both normal and neoplastic stem cells, but the mechanistic basis underlying this connection remains unclear. In this Perspective, we outline the instances where aspects of an EMT have been implicated in normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells and consider the involvement of this programme during tissue regeneration and repair. We also discuss emerging concepts and evidence related to the heterogeneous and plastic cell states generated by EMT programmes and how these bear on our understanding of cancer stem cell biology and cancer metastasis. A more comprehensive accounting of the still-elusive links between EMT programmes and the stem cell state will surely advance our understanding of both normal stem cell biology and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Yang T, Xing H, Wang Y, Gao L, Guo X, Xing B, Wang Y, Ma W. Machine learning revealed stemness features and a novel stemness-based classification with appealing implications in discriminating the prognosis, immunotherapy and temozolomide responses of 906 glioblastoma patients. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6220175. [PMID: 33839757 PMCID: PMC8425448 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and lethal intracranial tumor, with extremely limited treatment options. Immunotherapy has been widely studied in GBM, but none can significantly prolong the overall survival (OS) of patients without selection. Considering that GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a non-negligible role in tumorigenesis and chemoradiotherapy resistance, we proposed a novel stemness-based classification of GBM and screened out certain population more responsive to immunotherapy. The one-class logistic regression algorithm was used to calculate the stemness index (mRNAsi) of 518 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database based on transcriptomics of GBM and pluripotent stem cells. Based on their stemness signature, GBM patients were divided into two subtypes via consensus clustering, and patients in Stemness Subtype I presented significantly better OS but poorer progression-free survival than Stemness Subtype II. Genomic variations revealed patients in Stemness Subtype I had higher somatic mutation loads and copy number alteration burdens. Additionally, two stemness subtypes had distinct tumor immune microenvironment patterns. Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion and subclass mapping analysis further demonstrated patients in Stemness Subtype I were more likely to respond to immunotherapy, especially anti-PD1 treatment. The pRRophetic algorithm also indicated patients in Stemness Subtype I were more resistant to temozolomide therapy. Finally, multiple machine learning algorithms were used to develop a 7-gene Stemness Subtype Predictor, which were further validated in two external independent GBM cohorts. This novel stemness-based classification could provide a promising prognostic predictor for GBM and may guide physicians in selecting potential responders for preferential use of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tianrui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Williams KL, Garza LA. Diverse cellular players orchestrate regeneration after wounding. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:605-612. [PMID: 33251597 PMCID: PMC8059097 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is one of the largest sources of human morbidity. The skin is a complex organ where interplay between diverse cell types and signalling pathways is essential both in homeostasis and wound repair, which can result in fibrosis or regeneration. This makes skin a useful model to study fibrosis and regeneration. While fibrosis often occurs postinjury, both clinical and laboratory observations suggest skin regeneration, complete with reconstituted cell diversity and de novo hair follicles, is possible. Extensive research performed in pursuit of skin regeneration has elucidated the key players, both cellular and molecular. Interestingly, some cells known for their homeostatic function are not implicated in regeneration or wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN), suggesting regeneration harnesses separate functional pathways from embryogenesis or other non-homeostatic mechanisms. For example, classic bulge cells, noted for their role in normally cycling hair follicles, do not finally contribute to long-lived cells in the regenerated tissue. During healing, multiple populations of cells, among them specific epithelial lineages, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells promote regenerative outcomes in the wounded skin. Ultimately, targeting specific populations of cells will be essential in manipulating a postwound environment to favour regeneration in lieu of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin L Williams
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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123
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Cao S, Wang Y, Li J, Ling X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhong H. Prognostic Implication of the Expression Level of PECAM-1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:587744. [PMID: 33828969 PMCID: PMC8019905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.587744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a malignant disease that threatens human health. Hence, it is crucial to identify effective prognostic factors and treatment targets. Single-cell RNA sequencing can quantify the expression profiles of transcripts in individual cells. Methods: GSE117570 profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Key ligand-receptor genes in the tumor and the normal groups were screened to identify integrated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GSE118370 and The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma databases. DEGs associated with more ligand-receptor pairs were selected as candidate DEGs for Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and survival analysis. In addition, we conducted validation immunohistochemical experiments on postoperative specimens of 30 patients with lung cancer. Results: A total of 18 candidate DEGs were identified from the tumor and the normal groups. The analysis of the GO biological process revealed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in wound healing, in response to wounding, cell migration, cell motility, and regulation of cell motility, while the KEGG pathway analysis found that these DEGs were mainly enriched in proteoglycans in cancer, bladder cancer, malaria, tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and the ERBB signaling pathway. Survival analysis showed that a high, rather than a low, expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) was associated with improved survival. Similarly, in postoperative patients with lung cancer, we found that the overall survival of the PECAM-1 high-expression group shows a better trend than the PECAM-1 low-expression group (p = 0.172). Conclusions: The candidate DEGs identified in this study may play some important roles in the occurrence and development of lung cancer, especially PECAM-1, which may present potential prognostic biomarkers for the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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124
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Wan J, Dai H, Zhang X, Liu S, Lin Y, Somani AK, Xie J, Han J. Distinct transcriptomic landscapes of cutaneous basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Genes Dis 2021; 8:181-192. [PMID: 33997165 PMCID: PMC8099692 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are also called keratinocyte carcinomas, as both of them originate from keratinocytes. The incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas is over 5 million per year in the US, three-fold higher than the total incidence of all other types of cancer combined. While there are several reports on gene expression profiling of BCC and SCC, there are significant variations in the reported gene expression changes in different studies. One reason is that tumor-adjacent normal skin specimens were not included in many studies as matched controls. Furthermore, while numerous studies of skin stem cells in mouse models have been reported, their relevance to human skin cancer remains unknown. In this report, we analyzed gene expression profiles of paired specimens of keratinocyte carcinomas with their matched normal skin tissues as the control. Among several novel findings, we discovered a significant number of zinc finger encoding genes up-regulated in human BCC. In BCC, a novel link was found between hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling, and the cilium. While the SCC cancer-stem-cell gene signature is shared between human and mouse SCCs, the hair follicle stem-cell signature of mice was not highly represented in human SCC. Differential gene expression (DEG) in human BCC shares gene signature with both bulge and epidermal stem cells. We have also determined that human BCCs and SCCs have distinct gene expression patterns, and some of them are not fully reflected in current mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongji Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ally-Khan Somani
- Dermatologic Surgery & Cutaneous Oncology Division, Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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125
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McCarthy S, Agudo J. Immune-keratinocyte crosstalk in healthy and cancerous epidermis. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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126
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Gola A, Fuchs E. Environmental control of lineage plasticity and stem cell memory. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:88-95. [PMID: 33535130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident stem cells (SCs) are critical players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. SCs reside in complex and uniquely anatomically organized microenvironments (SC niches), that carefully control SC lineage outputs depending on localized tissue needs. Upon environmental perturbations and tissue stressors, SCs respond and restore the tissue to homeostasis, as well as protect it from secondary assaults. Critical to this function are two key processes, SC lineage plasticity and SC memory. In this review, we delineate the multifactorial determinants and key principles underlining these two remarkable SC behaviors. Understanding lineage plasticity and SC memory will be critical not only to design new regenerative therapies but also to determine how these processes are altered in a multitude of pathologies such as cancer and chronic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gola
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
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127
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Li M, Huang H, Li L, He C, Zhu L, Guo H, Wang L, Liu J, Wu S, Liu J, Xu T, Mao Z, Cao N, Zhang K, Lan F, Ding J, Yuan J, Liu Y, Ouyang H. Core transcription regulatory circuitry orchestrates corneal epithelial homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:420. [PMID: 33462242 PMCID: PMC7814021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cell identity, plasticity, and homeostasis are precisely orchestrated by lineage-restricted epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory networks. Here, by integrating super-enhancer and chromatin accessibility landscapes, we delineate core transcription regulatory circuitries (CRCs) of limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) and find that RUNX1 and SMAD3 are required for maintenance of corneal epithelial identity and homeostasis. RUNX1 or SMAD3 depletion inhibits PAX6 and induces LSCs to differentiate into epidermal-like epithelial cells. RUNX1, PAX6, and SMAD3 (RPS) interact with each other and synergistically establish a CRC to govern the lineage-specific cis-regulatory atlas. Moreover, RUNX1 shapes LSC chromatin architecture via modulating H3K27ac deposition. Disturbance of RPS cooperation results in cell identity switching and dysfunction of the corneal epithelium, which is strongly linked to various human corneal diseases. Our work highlights CRC TF cooperativity for establishment of stem cell identity and lineage commitment, and provides comprehensive regulatory principles for human stratified epithelial homeostasis and pathogenesis. Corneal epithelium shares similar molecular signatures to other stratified epithelia. Here, the authors map super-enhancers and accessible chromatin in corneal epithelium, identifying a transcription regulatory circuit, including RUNX1, PAX6, and SMAD3, required for corneal epithelial identity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi He
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Biomedicine and Innovations, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,Research Units of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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128
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Lee SA, Li KN, Tumbar T. Stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms regulating adult hair follicle homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:430-447. [PMID: 33278851 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) undergo dynamic and periodic molecular changes in their cellular states throughout the hair homeostatic cycle. These states are tightly regulated by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment. HFSCs are essential not only for fuelling hair growth, but also for skin wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests an important role of HFSCs in organizing multiple skin components around the hair follicle, thus functioning as an organizing centre during adult skin homeostasis. Here, we focus on recent findings on cell-intrinsic mechanisms of HFSC homeostasis, which include transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA regulatory elements, non-coding RNAs, cell metabolism, cell polarity and post-transcriptional mRNA processing. Several transcription factors are now known to participate in well-known signalling pathways that control hair follicle homeostasis, as well as in super-enhancer activities to modulate HFSC and progenitor lineage progression. Interestingly, HFSCs have been shown to secrete molecules that are important in guiding the organization of several skin components around the hair follicle, including nerves, arrector pili muscle and vasculature. Finally, we discuss recent technological advances in the field such as single-cell RNA sequencing and live imaging, which revealed HFSC and progenitor heterogeneity and brought new light to understanding crosstalking between HFSCs and the microenvironment. The field is well on its way to generate a comprehensive map of molecular interactions that should serve as a solid theoretical platform for application in hair and skin disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A Lee
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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129
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Spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression defines subpopulations of epidermal stem cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2839-2850. [PMID: 33170265 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The search for epidermal stem cells has gained the momentum as they possess unique biological characteristics and a potential in regeneration therapies. Several transcription factors and miRNAs have been identified as epidermal stem cell markers. However, the separation of epidermal stem cells from their progeny remains challenging. The introduction of single-cell transcriptomics pointed to the high degree of heterogeneity in epidermal stem cells imbedded within subpopulations of keratinocytes. Pseudotime inference, RNA velocity, and cellular entropy further enhanced our knowledge of stem cells, allowing for the discovery of the epidermal stem cell plasticity. We explore the main findings that lead to the discovery of the plastic trait within the epidermal stem cells and the implications of cell plasticity in regenerative medicine.
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130
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Guan Y, Yang YJ, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. Transcriptional and signalling regulation of skin epithelial stem cells in homeostasis, wounds and cancer. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:529-545. [PMID: 33249665 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis and skin appendages are maintained by their resident epithelial stem cells, which undergo long-term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Upon injury, stem cells are activated to mediate re-epithelialization and restore tissue function. During this process, they often mount lineage plasticity and expand their fates in response to damage signals. Stem cell function is tightly controlled by transcription machineries and signalling transductions, many of which derail in degenerative, inflammatory and malignant dermatologic diseases. Here, by describing both well-characterized and newly emerged pathways, we discuss the transcriptional and signalling mechanisms governing skin epithelial homeostasis, wound repair and squamous cancer. Throughout, we highlight common themes underscoring epithelial stem cell plasticity and tissue-level crosstalk in the context of skin physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youn Joo Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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131
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Seldin L, Macara IG. DNA Damage Promotes Epithelial Hyperplasia and Fate Mis-specification via Fibroblast Inflammasome Activation. Dev Cell 2020; 55:558-573.e6. [PMID: 33058780 PMCID: PMC7725994 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA crosslinking agents are commonly used in cancer chemotherapy; however, responses of normal tissues to these agents have not been widely investigated. We reveal in mouse interfollicular epidermal, mammary and hair follicle epithelia that genotoxicity does not promote apoptosis but paradoxically induces hyperplasia and fate specification defects in quiescent stem cells. DNA damage to skin causes epithelial and dermal hyperplasia, tissue expansion, and proliferation-independent formation of abnormal K14/K10 dual-positive suprabasal cells. Unexpectedly, this behavior is epithelial cell non-autonomous and independent of an intact immune system. Instead, dermal fibroblasts are both necessary and sufficient to induce the epithelial response, which is mediated by activation of a fibroblast-specific NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β production. Thus, genotoxic agents that are used chemotherapeutically to promote cancer cell death can have the opposite effect on wild-type epithelia by inducing, via a non-autonomous IL-1β-driven mechanism, both hyperplasia and stem cell lineage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Seldin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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132
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Rice G, Rompolas P. Advances in resolving the heterogeneity and dynamics of keratinocyte differentiation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:92-98. [PMID: 33091828 PMCID: PMC7736530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skin is equipped with a highly dynamic stratified epithelium. The maintenance and regeneration of this epithelium is supported by basally located keratinocytes, which display stem cell properties, including lifelong proliferative potential and the ability to undergo diverse differentiation trajectories. Keratinocytes support not just the surface of the skin, called the epidermis, but also a range of ectodermal structures including hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Recent studies have shed light on the hitherto underappreciated heterogeneity of keratinocytes by employing state-of-the-art imaging technologies and single-cell genomic approaches. In this mini review, we highlight major recent discoveries that illuminate the dynamics and cellular mechanisms that govern keratinocyte differentiation in the live mammalian skin and discuss the broader implications of these findings for our understanding of epithelial and stem cell biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Rice
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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133
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Tsang SM, Oliemuller E, Howard BA. Regulatory roles for SOX11 in development, stem cells and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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134
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Infarinato NR, Stewart KS, Yang Y, Gomez NC, Pasolli HA, Hidalgo L, Polak L, Carroll TS, Fuchs E. BMP signaling: at the gate between activated melanocyte stem cells and differentiation. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1713-1734. [PMID: 33184221 PMCID: PMC7706702 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340281.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Through recurrent bouts synchronous with the hair cycle, quiescent melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) become activated to generate proliferative progeny that differentiate into pigment-producing melanocytes. The signaling factors orchestrating these events remain incompletely understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing with comparative gene expression analysis to elucidate the transcriptional dynamics of McSCs through quiescence, activation, and melanocyte maturation. Unearthing converging signs of increased WNT and BMP signaling along this progression, we endeavored to understand how these pathways are integrated. Employing conditional lineage-specific genetic ablation studies in mice, we found that loss of BMP signaling in the lineage leads to hair graying due to a block in melanocyte maturation. We show that interestingly, BMP signaling functions downstream from activated McSCs and maintains WNT effector, transcription factor LEF1. Employing pseudotime analysis, genetics, and chromatin landscaping, we show that following WNT-mediated activation of McSCs, BMP and WNT pathways collaborate to trigger the commitment of proliferative progeny by fueling LEF1- and MITF-dependent differentiation. Our findings shed light upon the signaling interplay and timing of cues that orchestrate melanocyte lineage progression in the hair follicle and underscore a key role for BMP signaling in driving complete differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Infarinato
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Katherine S Stewart
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yihao Yang
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lynette Hidalgo
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lisa Polak
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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135
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Tevlin R, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Skeletal Stem Cells-A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2020; 1:596706. [PMID: 35664558 PMCID: PMC9161996 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2020.596706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects of the craniofacial skeleton arise as a direct result of trauma, diseases, oncological resection, or congenital anomalies. Current treatment options are limited, highlighting the importance for developing new strategies to restore form, function, and aesthetics of missing or damaged bone in the face and the cranium. For optimal reconstruction, the goal is to replace "like with like." With the inherent challenges of existing options, there is a clear need to develop alternative strategies to reconstruct the craniofacial skeleton. The success of mesenchymal stem cell-based approaches has been hampered by high heterogeneity of transplanted cell populations with inconsistent preclinical and clinical trial outcomes. Here, we discuss the novel characterization and isolation of mouse skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations and their response to injury, systemic disease, and how their re-activation in vivo can contribute to tissue regeneration. These studies led to the characterization of human SSCs which are able to self-renew, give rise to increasingly fate restricted progenitors, and differentiate into bone, cartilage, and bone marrow stroma, all on the clonal level in vivo without prior in vitro culture. SSCs hold great potential for implementation in craniofacial bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As we begin to better understand the diversity and the nature of skeletal stem and progenitor cells, there is a tangible future whereby a subset of human adult SSCs can be readily purified from bone or activated in situ with broad potential applications in craniofacial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Tevlin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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136
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Shibata S, Kashiwagi M, Morgan BA, Georgopoulos K. Functional interactions between Mi-2β and AP1 complexes control response and recovery from skin barrier disruption. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132751. [PMID: 31834931 PMCID: PMC7062528 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes respond to environmental signals by eliciting induction of genes that preserve skin's integrity. Here we show that the transcriptional response to stress signaling is supported by short-lived epigenetic changes. Comparison of chromatin accessibility and transcriptional changes induced by barrier disruption or by loss of the nucleosome remodeler Mi-2β identified their striking convergence in mouse and human keratinocytes. Mi-2β directly repressed genes induced by barrier disruption by restricting AP1-enriched promoter-distal sites, occupied by Mi-2β and JUNB at steady state and by c-JUN after Mi-2β depletion or stress signaling. Barrier disruption led to a modest reduction in Mi-2β expression and a further selective reduction of Mi-2β localization at stress response genes, possibly through competition with activated c-JUN. Consistent with a repressive role at stress response genes, genetic ablation of Mi-2β did not prevent reestablishment of barrier integrity but was required for return to homeostasis. Thus, a competition between Mi-2β-repressive and activating AP1 complexes may permit rapid transcriptional response to and resolution from stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shibata
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Mariko Kashiwagi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Bruce A Morgan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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137
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Liu Y, Guo B, Aguilera-Jimenez E, Chu VS, Zhou J, Wu Z, Francis JM, Yang X, Choi PS, Bailey SD, Zhang X. Chromatin Looping Shapes KLF5-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Human Epithelial Cancers. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5464-5477. [PMID: 33115806 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of transcription factors is a key driver event in cancer. We and others have recently reported that the Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF5 is activated in multiple epithelial cancer types including squamous cancer and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, yet the functional consequences and the underlying mechanisms of this activation remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that activation of KLF5 results in strongly selective KLF5 dependency for these cancer types. KLF5 bound lineage-specific regulatory elements and activated gene expression programs essential to cancer cells. HiChIP analysis revealed that multiple distal KLF5 binding events cluster and synergize to activate individual target genes. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry assays showed that KLF5 interacts with other transcription factors such as TP63 and YAP1, as well as the CBP/EP300 acetyltransferase complex. Furthermore, KLF5 guided the CBP/EP300 complex to increase acetylation of H3K27, which in turn enhanced recruitment of the bromodomain protein BRD4 to chromatin. The 3D chromatin architecture aggregated KLF5-dependent BRD4 binding to activate polymerase II elongation at KLF5 target genes, which conferred a transcriptional vulnerability to proteolysis-targeting chimera-induced degradation of BRD4. Our study demonstrates that KLF5 plays an essential role in multiple epithelial cancers by activating cancer-related genes through 3D chromatin loops, providing an evidence-based rationale for targeting the KLF5 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE: An integrative 3D genomics methodology delineates mechanisms underlying the function of KLF5 in multiple epithelial cancers and suggests potential strategies to target cancers with aberrantly activated KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, ShanXi, China
| | - Bingqian Guo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Estrella Aguilera-Jimenez
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Vivian S Chu
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, ShanXi, China
| | - Peter S Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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138
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AP-1 and TGFß cooperativity drives non-canonical Hedgehog signaling in resistant basal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5079. [PMID: 33033234 PMCID: PMC7546632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and lack of knowledge about resistant cell states remain a barrier to targeted cancer therapies. Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) depend on Hedgehog (Hh)/Gli signaling, but can develop mechanisms of Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor resistance. We previously identified a nuclear myocardin-related transcription factor (nMRTF) resistance pathway that amplifies noncanonical Gli1 activity, but characteristics and drivers of the nMRTF cell state remain unknown. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing of patient tumors to identify three prognostic surface markers (LYPD3, TACSTD2, and LY6D) which correlate with nMRTF and resistance to SMO inhibitors. The nMRTF cell state resembles transit-amplifying cells of the hair follicle matrix, with AP-1 and TGFß cooperativity driving nMRTF activation. JNK/AP-1 signaling commissions chromatin accessibility and Smad3 DNA binding leading to a transcriptional program of RhoGEFs that facilitate nMRTF activity. Importantly, small molecule AP-1 inhibitors selectively target LYPD3+/TACSTD2+/LY6D+ nMRTF human BCCs ex vivo, opening an avenue for improving combinatorial therapies.
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139
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Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) maintain tissue homeostasis and repair wounds. Despite marked variation in tissue architecture and regenerative demands, SCs often follow similar paradigms in communicating with their microenvironmental "niche" to transition between quiescent and regenerative states. Here we use skin epithelium and skeletal muscle-among the most highly-stressed tissues in our body-to highlight similarities and differences in niche constituents and how SCs mediate natural tissue rejuvenation and perform regenerative acts prompted by injuries. We discuss how these communication networks break down during aging and how understanding tissue SCs has led to major advances in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Foundation Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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140
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Xing Y, Naik S. Under pressure: Stem cell-niche interactions coordinate tissue adaptation to inflammation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:64-70. [PMID: 32916449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells (SCs) are emerging as key drivers of tissue adaptation to inflammation caused by microbes, injury, noxious agents, and other onslaughts. These pressures are most acutely experienced in epithelial tissues such as the skin and gut that interface with the external environment. Thus, here we review how epithelial SCs of the skin and intestine, along with their supportive niches, sense and respond to inflammation for the sake of preserving tissue integrity. We highlight inflammation-induced plasticity in SCs and their progeny and the lasting memory that forms thereafter. The burgeoning area of SC responses to inflammatory stressors may expand therapeutic perspectives in epithelial inflammatory conditions, wound repair, cancers, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xing
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, And Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shruti Naik
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, And Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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141
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Guo A, Wang B, Lyu C, Li W, Wu Y, Zhu L, Bi R, Huang C, Li JJ, Du Y. Consistent apparent Young's modulus of human embryonic stem cells and derived cell types stabilized by substrate stiffness regulation promotes lineage specificity maintenance. CELL REGENERATION 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 32880028 PMCID: PMC7467757 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apparent Young's modulus (AYM), which reflects the fundamental mechanical property of live cells measured by atomic force microscopy and is determined by substrate stiffness regulated cytoskeletal organization, has been investigated as potential indicators of cell fate in specific cell types. However, applying biophysical cues, such as modulating the substrate stiffness, to regulate AYM and thereby reflect and/or control stem cell lineage specificity for downstream applications, remains a primary challenge during in vitro stem cell expansion. Moreover, substrate stiffness could modulate cell heterogeneity in the single-cell stage and contribute to cell fate regulation, yet the indicative link between AYM and cell fate determination during in vitro dynamic cell expansion (from single-cell stage to multi-cell stage) has not been established. RESULTS Here, we show that the AYM of cells changed dynamically during passaging and proliferation on substrates with different stiffness. Moreover, the same change in substrate stiffness caused different patterns of AYM change in epithelial and mesenchymal cell types. Embryonic stem cells and their derived progenitor cells exhibited distinguishing AYM changes in response to different substrate stiffness that had significant effects on their maintenance of pluripotency and/or lineage-specific characteristics. On substrates that were too rigid or too soft, fluctuations in AYM occurred during cell passaging and proliferation that led to a loss in lineage specificity. On a substrate with 'optimal' stiffness (i.e., 3.5 kPa), the AYM was maintained at a constant level that was consistent with the parental cells during passaging and proliferation and led to preservation of lineage specificity. The effects of substrate stiffness on AYM and downstream cell fate were correlated with intracellular cytoskeletal organization and nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of YAP. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggests that optimal substrate stiffness regulated consistent AYM during passaging and proliferation reflects and contributes to hESCs and their derived progenitor cells lineage specificity maintenance, through the underlying mechanistic pathways of stiffness-induced cytoskeletal organization and the downstream YAP signaling. These findings highlighted the potential of AYM as an indicator to select suitable substrate stiffness for stem cell specificity maintenance during in vitro expansion for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaozu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, 63130, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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142
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Centonze A, Lin S, Tika E, Sifrim A, Fioramonti M, Malfait M, Song Y, Wuidart A, Van Herck J, Dannau A, Bouvencourt G, Dubois C, Dedoncker N, Sahay A, de Maertelaer V, Siebel CW, Van Keymeulen A, Voet T, Blanpain C. Heterotypic cell-cell communication regulates glandular stem cell multipotency. Nature 2020; 584:608-613. [PMID: 32848220 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glandular epithelia, including the mammary and prostate glands, are composed of basal cells (BCs) and luminal cells (LCs)1,2. Many glandular epithelia develop from multipotent basal stem cells (BSCs) that are replaced in adult life by distinct pools of unipotent stem cells1,3-8. However, adult unipotent BSCs can reactivate multipotency under regenerative conditions and upon oncogene expression3,9-13. This suggests that an active mechanism restricts BSC multipotency under normal physiological conditions, although the nature of this mechanism is unknown. Here we show that the ablation of LCs reactivates the multipotency of BSCs from multiple epithelia both in vivo in mice and in vitro in organoids. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that, after LC ablation, BSCs activate a hybrid basal and luminal cell differentiation program before giving rise to LCs-reminiscent of the genetic program that regulates multipotency during embryonic development7. By predicting ligand-receptor pairs from single-cell data14, we find that TNF-which is secreted by LCs-restricts BC multipotency under normal physiological conditions. By contrast, the Notch, Wnt and EGFR pathways were activated in BSCs and their progeny after LC ablation; blocking these pathways, or stimulating the TNF pathway, inhibited regeneration-induced BC multipotency. Our study demonstrates that heterotypic communication between LCs and BCs is essential to maintain lineage fidelity in glandular epithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Centonze
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shuheng Lin
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisavet Tika
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Marco Fioramonti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milan Malfait
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aline Wuidart
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jens Van Herck
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Dannau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaelle Bouvencourt
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Dedoncker
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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143
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Loss of oral mucosal stem cell markers in oral submucous fibrosis and their reactivation in malignant transformation. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:23. [PMID: 32826859 PMCID: PMC7442837 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the basal stem cell layer is critical for epithelial homoeostasis. In this paper, we review the expression of oral mucosal stem cell markers (OM-SCMs) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to understand the role of basal cells in potentiating cancer stem cell behaviour in OSF. While the loss of basal cell clonogenicity triggers epithelial atrophy in OSF, the transition of the epithelium from atrophic to hyperplastic and eventually neoplastic involves the reactivation of basal stemness. The vacillating expression patterns of OM-SCMs confirm the role of keratins 5, 14, 19, CD44, β1-integrin, p63, sex-determining region Y box (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), c-MYC, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in OSF, OPMDs and OSCC. The downregulation of OM-SCMs in the atrophic epithelium of OSF and their upregulation during malignant transformation are illustrated with relevant literature in this review.
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144
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Mascharak S, desJardins-Park HE, Longaker MT. Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Wound Healing: Hurdles to Clinical Translation. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1101-1106. [PMID: 32800679 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has revealed that fibroblasts are remarkably heterogeneous cells, but the appropriate lens through which to study this variation (lineage, phenotype, and plasticity) and its relevance to human biology remain unclear. In this opinion article, we comment on recent breakthroughs in our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity during skin wound healing, and on open questions that must be addressed to clinically translate these findings in order to minimize scarring in patients. We emphasize the need for experimental models of wound healing that better approximate human biology, as well as comparison of scarring and regenerative phenotypes to uncover master regulators of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Mascharak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather E desJardins-Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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145
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LaFave LM, Kartha VK, Ma S, Meli K, Del Priore I, Lareau C, Naranjo S, Westcott PMK, Duarte FM, Sankar V, Chiang Z, Brack A, Law T, Hauck H, Okimoto A, Regev A, Buenrostro JD, Jacks T. Epigenomic State Transitions Characterize Tumor Progression in Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:212-228.e13. [PMID: 32707078 PMCID: PMC7641015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory networks that maintain functional, differentiated cell states are often dysregulated in tumor development. Here, we use single-cell epigenomics to profile chromatin state transitions in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We identify an epigenomic continuum representing loss of cellular identity and progression toward a metastatic state. We define co-accessible regulatory programs and infer key activating and repressive chromatin regulators of these cell states. Among these co-accessibility programs, we identify a pre-metastatic transition, characterized by activation of RUNX transcription factors, which mediates extracellular matrix remodeling to promote metastasis and is predictive of survival across human LUAD patients. Together, these results demonstrate the power of single-cell epigenomics to identify regulatory programs to uncover mechanisms and key biomarkers of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M LaFave
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vinay K Kartha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Meli
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Isabella Del Priore
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caleb Lareau
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Santiago Naranjo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fabiana M Duarte
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Venkat Sankar
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zachary Chiang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alison Brack
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Travis Law
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Haley Hauck
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Annalisa Okimoto
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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146
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Marjanovic ND, Hofree M, Chan JE, Canner D, Wu K, Trakala M, Hartmann GG, Smith OC, Kim JY, Evans KV, Hudson A, Ashenberg O, Porter CBM, Bejnood A, Subramanian A, Pitter K, Yan Y, Delorey T, Phillips DR, Shah N, Chaudhary O, Tsankov A, Hollmann T, Rekhtman N, Massion PP, Poirier JT, Mazutis L, Li R, Lee JH, Amon A, Rudin CM, Jacks T, Regev A, Tammela T. Emergence of a High-Plasticity Cell State during Lung Cancer Evolution. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:229-246.e13. [PMID: 32707077 PMCID: PMC7745838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor evolution from a single cell into a malignant, heterogeneous tissue remains poorly understood. Here, we profile single-cell transcriptomes of genetically engineered mouse lung tumors at seven stages, from pre-neoplastic hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma. The diversity of transcriptional states increases over time and is reproducible across tumors and mice. Cancer cells progressively adopt alternate lineage identities, computationally predicted to be mediated through a common transitional, high-plasticity cell state (HPCS). Accordingly, HPCS cells prospectively isolated from mouse tumors and human patient-derived xenografts display high capacity for differentiation and proliferation. The HPCS program is associated with poor survival across human cancers and demonstrates chemoresistance in mice. Our study reveals a central principle underpinning intra-tumoral heterogeneity and motivates therapeutic targeting of the HPCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Despot Marjanovic
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computational and Systems Biology PhD Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason E Chan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Canner
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine Wu
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marianna Trakala
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Griffin G Hartmann
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivia C Smith
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Kim
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kelly Victoria Evans
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Anna Hudson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caroline B M Porter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alborz Bejnood
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ayshwarya Subramanian
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kenneth Pitter
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Toni Delorey
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Devan R Phillips
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nisargbhai Shah
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ojasvi Chaudhary
- The Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Tsankov
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Travis Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Early Detection and Prevention Initiative, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John T Poirier
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- The Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ruifang Li
- Epigenetics Technology Innovation Lab, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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147
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Regan JL, Smalley MJ. Integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional assays to decipher mammary cell states and lineage hierarchies. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:32. [PMID: 32793804 PMCID: PMC7391676 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and molecular characterization of cellular hierarchies in complex tissues is key to understanding both normal cellular homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The mammary epithelium is a heterogeneous tissue consisting of two main cellular compartments, an outer basal layer containing myoepithelial cells and an inner luminal layer consisting of estrogen receptor-negative (ER−) ductal cells and secretory alveolar cells (in the fully functional differentiated tissue) and hormone-responsive estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cells. Recent publications have used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to decipher epithelial cell differentiation hierarchies in human and murine mammary glands, and reported the identification of new cell types and states based on the expression of the luminal progenitor cell marker KIT (c-Kit). These studies allow for comprehensive and unbiased analysis of the different cell types that constitute a heterogeneous tissue. Here we discuss scRNA-seq studies in the context of previous research in which mammary epithelial cell populations were molecularly and functionally characterized, and identified c-Kit+ progenitors and cell states analogous to those reported in the recent scRNA-seq studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Regan
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Wales, CF24 4HQ UK
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148
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Zhang J, Lee D, Dhiman V, Jiang P, Xu J, McGillivray P, Yang H, Liu J, Meyerson W, Clarke D, Gu M, Li S, Lou S, Xu J, Lochovsky L, Ung M, Ma L, Yu S, Cao Q, Harmanci A, Yan KK, Sethi A, Gürsoy G, Schoenberg MR, Rozowsky J, Warrell J, Emani P, Yang YT, Galeev T, Kong X, Liu S, Li X, Krishnan J, Feng Y, Rivera-Mulia JC, Adrian J, Broach JR, Bolt M, Moran J, Fitzgerald D, Dileep V, Liu T, Mei S, Sasaki T, Trevilla-Garcia C, Wang S, Wang Y, Zang C, Wang D, Klein RJ, Snyder M, Gilbert DM, Yip K, Cheng C, Yue F, Liu XS, White KP, Gerstein M. An integrative ENCODE resource for cancer genomics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3696. [PMID: 32728046 PMCID: PMC7391744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ENCODE comprises thousands of functional genomics datasets, and the encyclopedia covers hundreds of cell types, providing a universal annotation for genome interpretation. However, for particular applications, it may be advantageous to use a customized annotation. Here, we develop such a custom annotation by leveraging advanced assays, such as eCLIP, Hi-C, and whole-genome STARR-seq on a number of data-rich ENCODE cell types. A key aspect of this annotation is comprehensive and experimentally derived networks of both transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins (TFs and RBPs). Cancer, a disease of system-wide dysregulation, is an ideal application for such a network-based annotation. Specifically, for cancer-associated cell types, we put regulators into hierarchies and measure their network change (rewiring) during oncogenesis. We also extensively survey TF-RBP crosstalk, highlighting how SUB1, a previously uncharacterized RBP, drives aberrant tumor expression and amplifies the effect of MYC, a well-known oncogenic TF. Furthermore, we show how our annotation allows us to place oncogenic transformations in the context of a broad cell space; here, many normal-to-tumor transitions move towards a stem-like state, while oncogene knockdowns show an opposing trend. Finally, we organize the resource into a coherent workflow to prioritize key elements and variants, in addition to regulators. We showcase the application of this prioritization to somatic burdening, cancer differential expression and GWAS. Targeted validations of the prioritized regulators, elements and variants using siRNA knockdowns, CRISPR-based editing, and luciferase assays demonstrate the value of the ENCODE resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Vineet Dhiman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Patrick McGillivray
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - William Meyerson
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Declan Clarke
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mengting Gu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shantao Li
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shaoke Lou
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jinrui Xu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Lucas Lochovsky
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Matthew Ung
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03765, USA
| | - Lijia Ma
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qin Cao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Arif Harmanci
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Koon-Kiu Yan
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anurag Sethi
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gamze Gürsoy
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michael Rutenberg Schoenberg
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Joel Rozowsky
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan Warrell
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Prashant Emani
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yucheng T Yang
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Timur Galeev
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xiangmeng Kong
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jayanth Krishnan
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yanlin Feng
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jessica Adrian
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James R Broach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael Bolt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moran
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dominic Fitzgerald
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vishnu Dileep
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takayo Sasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Claudia Trevilla-Garcia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David M Gilbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kevin Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03765, USA
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Kevin P White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Tempus Labs, Chicago, IL, 60654, USA.
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Statistics & Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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149
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Bajaj J, Diaz E, Reya T. Stem cells in cancer initiation and progression. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133538. [PMID: 31874116 PMCID: PMC7039188 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bajaj et al. review how cancers originate, how their heterogeneity is linked to cancer stem cells, and the signals fundamental to driving these processes. While standard therapies can lead to an initial remission of aggressive cancers, they are often only a transient solution. The resistance and relapse that follows is driven by tumor heterogeneity and therapy-resistant populations that can reinitiate growth and promote disease progression. There is thus a significant need to understand the cell types and signaling pathways that not only contribute to cancer initiation, but also those that confer resistance and drive recurrence. Here, we discuss work showing that stem cells and progenitors may preferentially serve as a cell of origin for cancers, and that cancer stem cells can be key in driving the continued growth and functional heterogeneity of established cancers. We also describe emerging evidence for the role of developmental signals in cancer initiation, propagation, and therapy resistance and discuss how targeting these pathways may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevisha Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Emily Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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150
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Feldker N, Ferrazzi F, Schuhwerk H, Widholz SA, Guenther K, Frisch I, Jakob K, Kleemann J, Riegel D, Bönisch U, Lukassen S, Eccles RL, Schmidl C, Stemmler MP, Brabletz T, Brabletz S. Genome-wide cooperation of EMT transcription factor ZEB1 with YAP and AP-1 in breast cancer. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103209. [PMID: 32692442 PMCID: PMC7459422 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance are the major cause of cancer‐associated deaths, and the EMT‐inducing transcription factor ZEB1 is a crucial stimulator of these processes. While work on ZEB1 has mainly focused on its role as a transcriptional repressor, it can also act as a transcriptional activator. To further understand these two modes of action, we performed a genome‐wide ZEB1 binding study in triple‐negative breast cancer cells. We identified ZEB1 as a novel interactor of the AP‐1 factors FOSL1 and JUN and show that, together with the Hippo pathway effector YAP, they form a transactivation complex, predominantly activating tumour‐promoting genes, thereby synergising with its function as a repressor of epithelial genes. High expression of ZEB1, YAP, FOSL1 and JUN marks the aggressive claudin‐low subtype of breast cancer, indicating the translational relevance of our findings. Thus, our results link critical tumour‐promoting transcription factors: ZEB1, AP‐1 and Hippo pathway factors. Disturbing their molecular interaction may provide a promising treatment option for aggressive cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Feldker
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Widholz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Guenther
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Frisch
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jakob
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dania Riegel
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bönisch
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Eccles
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidl
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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