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In-vivo evaluation of tissue scaffolds containing simvastatin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers and mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic wound healing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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102
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Castillo-Henríquez L, Castro-Alpízar J, Lopretti-Correa M, Vega-Baudrit J. Exploration of Bioengineered Scaffolds Composed of Thermo-Responsive Polymers for Drug Delivery in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1408. [PMID: 33573351 PMCID: PMC7866792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses lead to wound healing by regulating a complex series of events promoting cellular cross-talk. An inflammatory response is presented with its characteristic clinical symptoms: heat, pain, redness, and swelling. Some smart thermo-responsive polymers like chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginate, and poly(ε-caprolactone) can be used to create biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds. These processed thermo-responsive biomaterials possess 3D architectures similar to human structures, providing physical support for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, these structures are used as novel drug delivery systems. Locally heated tumors above the polymer lower the critical solution temperature and can induce its conversion into a hydrophobic form by an entropy-driven process, enhancing drug release. When the thermal stimulus is gone, drug release is reduced due to the swelling of the material. As a result, these systems can contribute to the wound healing process in accelerating tissue healing, avoiding large scar tissue, regulating the inflammatory response, and protecting from bacterial infections. This paper integrates the relevant reported contributions of bioengineered scaffolds composed of smart thermo-responsive polymers for drug delivery applications in wound healing. Therefore, we present a comprehensive review that aims to demonstrate these systems' capacity to provide spatially and temporally controlled release strategies for one or more drugs used in wound healing. In this sense, the novel manufacturing techniques of 3D printing and electrospinning are explored for the tuning of their physicochemical properties to adjust therapies according to patient convenience and reduce drug toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castillo-Henríquez
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica;
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jose Castro-Alpízar
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;
| | - Mary Lopretti-Correa
- Nuclear Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - José Vega-Baudrit
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica;
- Laboratory of Polymers (POLIUNA), Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica
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103
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Mallakpour S, Sirous F, Hussain CM. Metal–organic frameworks/biopolymer nanocomposites: from fundamentals toward recent applications in modern technology. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bio–nanocomposite compounds based on biopolymers and MOFs have presented great potential in various applications for modern technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Sirous
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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104
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Fitzgerald AA, Li E, Weiner LM. 3D Culture Systems for Exploring Cancer Immunology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010056. [PMID: 33379189 PMCID: PMC7795162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To study any disease, researchers need convenient and relevant disease models. In cancer, the most commonly used models are two-dimensional (2D) culture models, which grow cells on hard, rigid, plastic surfaces, and mouse models. Cancer immunology is especially difficult to model because the immune system is exceedingly complex; it contains multiple types of cells, and each cell type has several subtypes and a spectrum of activation states. These many immune cell types interact with cancer cells and other components of the tumor, ultimately influencing disease outcomes. 2D culture methods fail to recapitulate these complex cellular interactions. Mouse models also suffer because the murine and human immune systems vary significantly. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems therefore provide an alternative method to study cancer immunology and can fill the current gaps in available models. This review will describe common 3D culture models and how those models have been used to advance our understanding of cancer immunology. Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, spurring extensive investigation into cancer immunology and how to exploit this biology for therapeutic benefit. Current methods to investigate cancer-immune cell interactions and develop novel drug therapies rely on either two-dimensional (2D) culture systems or murine models. However, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide a potentially superior alternative model to both 2D and murine approaches. As opposed to 2D models, 3D models are more physiologically relevant and better replicate tumor complexities. Compared to murine models, 3D models are cheaper, faster, and can study the human immune system. In this review, we discuss the most common 3D culture systems—spheroids, organoids, and microfluidic chips—and detail how these systems have advanced our understanding of cancer immunology.
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105
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Development of Epidermal Equivalent from Electrospun Synthetic Polymers for In Vitro Irritation/Corrosion Testing. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122528. [PMID: 33339410 PMCID: PMC7766501 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of products for topical applications requires analyses of their skin effects before they are destined for the market. At present, the ban on animal use in several tests makes the search for in vitro models (such as artificial skin) necessary to characterize the risks involved. In this work, tissue engineering concepts were used to manufacture collagen-free three-dimensional scaffolds for cell growth and proliferation. Two different human skin models-reconstructed human epidermis and full-thickness skin-were developed from electrospun scaffolds using synthetic polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and nylon 6/6. After the construction of these models, their histology was analyzed by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed a reconstructed epidermal tissue, duly stratified, obtained from the nylon scaffold. In this model, the presence of proteins involved in the epidermis stratification process (cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin 10, involucrin, and loricrin) was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The nylon reconstructed human epidermis model's applicability was evaluated as a platform to perform irritation and corrosion tests. Our results demonstrated that this model is a promising platform to assess the potential of dermal irritation/corrosion of chemical products.
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106
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Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review of Current Characterization and Evaluation Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121188. [PMID: 33297493 PMCID: PMC7762425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, and ability to protect labile drugs, hydrogels are increasingly investigated as local drug delivery systems. However, a lack of standardized methodologies used to characterize and evaluate drug release poses significant difficulties when comparing findings from different investigations, preventing an accurate assessment of systems. Here, we review the commonly used analytical techniques for drug detection and quantification from hydrogel delivery systems. The experimental conditions of drug release in saline solutions and their impact are discussed, along with the main mathematical and statistical approaches to characterize drug release profiles. We also review methods to determine drug diffusion coefficients and in vitro and in vivo models used to assess drug release and efficacy with the goal to provide guidelines and harmonized practices when investigating novel hydrogel drug delivery systems.
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107
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Bloise N, Bruni G, Aluigi A, Visai L, Munari A, Lotti N. Biocompatible PBS-based copolymer for soft tissue engineering: Introduction of disulfide bonds as winning tool to tune the final properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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108
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Bil M, Hipś I, Mrówka P, Święszkowski W. Studies on enzymatic degradation of multifunctional composite consisting of chitosan microspheres and shape memory polyurethane matrix. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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109
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Ogay V, Mun EA, Kudaibergen G, Baidarbekov M, Kassymbek K, Zharkinbekov Z, Saparov A. Progress and Prospects of Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2881. [PMID: 33271770 PMCID: PMC7760650 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high regenerative capacity of bone tissue, there are some cases where bone repair is insufficient for a complete functional and structural recovery after damage. Current surgical techniques utilize natural and synthetic bone grafts for bone healing, as well as collagen sponges loaded with drugs. However, there are certain disadvantages associated with these techniques in clinical usage. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of bone tissue regeneration, a number of drug delivery systems based on biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers were developed and examined in in vitro and in vivo studies. Recent studies have demonstrated that biodegradable polymers play a key role in the development of innovative drug delivery systems and tissue engineered constructs, which improve the treatment and regeneration of damaged bone tissue. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the field of polymer-based drug delivery systems for the promotion of bone tissue regeneration and the physical-chemical modifications of polymers for controlled and sustained release of one or more drugs. In addition, special attention is given to recent developments on polymer nano- and microparticle-based drug delivery systems for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Ogay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (V.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Ellina A. Mun
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gulshakhar Kudaibergen
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (V.O.); (G.K.)
| | - Murat Baidarbekov
- Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Kuat Kassymbek
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.K.); (Z.Z.)
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110
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da Silva JB, Dos Santos RS, da Silva MB, Braga G, Cook MT, Bruschi ML. Interaction between mucoadhesive cellulose derivatives and Pluronic F127: Investigation on the micelle structure and mucoadhesive performance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111643. [PMID: 33321681 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Systems composed of bioadhesive and thermoresponsive polymers can combine in situ gelation with bio/mucoadhesion, enhancing retention of topically applied drugs. The effect of bioadhesive sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose cellulose (HPMC) on the properties of thermoresponsive Pluronic® F127 (F127) was explored, including micellization and the mucoadhesion. A computational analysis between these polymers and their molecular interactions were also studied, rationalising the design of improved binary polymeric systems for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The morphological characterization of polymeric systems was conducted by SEM. DSC analysis was used to investigate the crystallization and micellization enthalpy of F127 and the mixed systems. Micelle size measurements and TEM micrographs allowed for investigation into the interference of cellulose derivatives on F127 micellization. Both cellulose derivatives reduced the critical micellar concentration and enthalpy of micellization of F127, altering hydrodynamic diameters of the aggregates. Mucoadhesion performance was useful to select the best systems for mucosal application. The systems composed of 17.5% (w/w) F127 and 3% (w/w) HPMC or 1% (w/w) NaCMC are promising as topical drug delivery systems, mainly on mucosal surfaces. They were biocompatible when tested against Artemia salina, and also able to release a model of hydrophilic drug in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Said Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Braga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Michael Thomas Cook
- Research Centre in Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
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111
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Patrulea V, Borchard G, Jordan O. An Update on Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and Their Delivery Strategies for Wound Infections. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E840. [PMID: 32887353 PMCID: PMC7560145 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections occur when wound healing fails to reach the final stage of healing, which is usually hindered by the presence of different pathogens. Different topical antimicrobial agents are used to inhibit bacterial growth due to antibiotic failure in reaching the infected site, which is accompanied very often by increased drug resistance and other side effects. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially those with a high potential of efficacy against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria and fungi present in wound infections. Currently, different AMPs undergo preclinical and clinical phase to combat infection-related diseases. AMP dendrimers (AMPDs) have been mentioned as potent microbial agents. Various AMP delivery strategies that are used to combat infection and modulate the healing rate-such as polymers, scaffolds, films and wound dressings, and organic and inorganic nanoparticles-have been discussed as well. New technologies such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) are taken into consideration as potential future tools for AMP delivery in skin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Patrulea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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112
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Mehra S, Nisar S, Chauhan S, Singh V, Rattan S. Soy Protein-Based Hydrogel under Microwave-Induced Grafting of Acrylic Acid and 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butanoic Acid: A Potential Vehicle for Controlled Drug Delivery in Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21610-21622. [PMID: 32905438 PMCID: PMC7469417 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate grafted soy protein isolate (SPI) for pharmaceutical applications. The present work reports the microwave-assisted preparation of soy protein isolate\grafted[acrylic acid-co-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid] [SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA)] hydrogel via graft copolymerization using N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide and potassium persulphate as the cross-linker and initiator, respectively. The chemical and physical properties of the synthesized polymeric hydrogels were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses have confirmed the formation of hydrogel SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) with the network structure having a layered and crystalline surface. The SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) hydrogel was investigated for the sustained and controlled drug delivery system for the release of model drug ciprofloxacin at basic pH for its utilization against bacterial infection in oral cavity. The drug release profile for SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) hydrogels was studied using LCMS at the ppb level at pH = 7.4. The synthesized hydrogel was found to be noncytotoxic, polycrystalline in nature with a network structure having good porosity, increased thermal stability, and pH-responsive behavior. The hydrogel has potential to be used as the vehicle for controlled drug delivery in oral cavity bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Mehra
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
- Jubilant
Chemsys Limited, B-34
Sector-58, Noida 201301, India
| | - Safiya Nisar
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sonal Chauhan
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Virender Singh
- School
of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University
of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Sunita Rattan
- Amity
Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
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113
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Pérez-González GL, Villarreal-Gómez LJ, Olivas-Sarabia A, Valdez R, Cornejo-Bravo JM. Development, characterization, and in vitro assessment of multilayer mucoadhesive system containing dexamethasone sodium phosphate. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1798433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Lizeth Pérez-González
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, México
| | - Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, México
| | - Amelia Olivas-Sarabia
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ensenada, México
| | - Ricardo Valdez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ensenada, México
| | - José Manuel Cornejo-Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, México
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114
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Miranda CS, Ribeiro ARM, Homem NC, Felgueiras HP. Spun Biotextiles in Tissue Engineering and Biomolecules Delivery Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E174. [PMID: 32290536 PMCID: PMC7235791 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, tissue engineering is described as an interdisciplinary field that combines engineering principles and life sciences to generate implantable devices to repair, restore and/or improve functions of injured tissues. Such devices are designed to induce the interaction and integration of tissue and cells within the implantable matrices and are manufactured to meet the appropriate physical, mechanical and physiological local demands. Biodegradable constructs based on polymeric fibers are desirable for tissue engineering due to their large surface area, interconnectivity, open pore structure, and controlled mechanical strength. Additionally, biodegradable constructs are also very sought-out for biomolecule delivery systems with a target-directed action. In the present review, we explore the properties of some of the most common biodegradable polymers used in tissue engineering applications and biomolecule delivery systems and highlight their most important uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helena P. Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.S.M.); (A.R.M.R.); (N.C.H.)
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