101
|
Bermúdez Brito M, Goulielmaki E, Papakonstanti EA. Focus on PTEN Regulation. Front Oncol 2015; 5:166. [PMID: 26284192 PMCID: PMC4515857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) as a tumor suppressor has been for a long time attributed to its lipid phosphatase activity against PI(3,4,5)P3, the phospholipid product of the class I PI3Ks. Besides its traditional role as a lipid phosphatase at the plasma membrane, a wealth of data has shown that PTEN can function independently of its phosphatase activity and that PTEN also exists and plays a role in the nucleus, in cytoplasmic organelles, and extracellularly. Accumulating evidence has shed light on diverse physiological functions of PTEN, which are accompanied by a complex regulation of its expression and activity. PTEN levels and function are regulated transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally, and post-translationally. PTEN is also sensitive to regulation by its interacting proteins and its localization. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms that regulate the expression and enzymatic activity of PTEN and its role in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bermúdez Brito
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 is a human retrovirus and the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a fatal malignancy of CD4/CD25+ T lymphocytes. In recent years, cellular as well as virus-encoded microRNA (miRNA) have been shown to deregulate signaling pathways to favor virus life cycle. HTLV-1 does not encode miRNA, but several studies have demonstrated that cellular miRNA expression is affected in infected cells. Distinct mechanisms such as transcriptional, epigenetic or interference with miRNA processing machinery have been involved. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of cellular microRNAs in virus infection, replication, immune escape and pathogenesis of HTLV-1.
Collapse
|
103
|
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, consisting predominantly of ovarian carcinoma, is the eighth most common cancer in women and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Efforts focus on identifying biomarkers which may aid in early diagnosis and reduce mortality, as well as on characterizing therapeutic targets with the aim of circumventing chemoresistance and prolonging survival at advanced-stage disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, and have been found to play an important role in ovarian carcinoma. Recent research has identified multiple miRNAs involved in the biology and progression of the disease, and supports a role for miRNAs as potential biomarkers, predictive markers and prognostic factors. Many of the studies published to date nevertheless suffer from critical weaknesses which affect data quality and reproducibility, including the comparison of normal ovaries to tumor tissue without compensation for the highly discrepant target cell fraction in these two specimen types and the inclusion of carcinomas of different histotypes, non-epithelial tumors or tumors of non-specified histology. These shortcomings highlight the critical role of pathologists as part of the team in the setting of such research. This review summarizes current knowledge in this area and discusses the potential clinical relevance of miRNAs in ovarian carcinoma, with focus on studies of clinical specimens in which tissue selection has been deemed adequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betina Katz
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claes G Tropé
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Reuven Reich
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy and the Adolf and Klara Brettler Center for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Tang JF, Yu ZH, Liu T, Lin ZY, Wang YH, Yang LW, He HJ, Cao J, Huang HL, Liu G. Five miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarker candidates for primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7575-81. [PMID: 25292031 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). Despite advances in the field of cancer molecular biology and biomarker discovery, the development of clinically validated biomarkers for primary NPC has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression and clinical significance of miRNAs as novel primary NPC diagnostic biomarkers. We used an array containing 2, 500 miRNAs to identify 22 significant miRNAs, and these candidate miRNAs were validated using 67 fresh NPC and 25 normal control tissues via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression and correlation analyses were performed with various statistical approaches, in addition to logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. qRT-PCR revealed five differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-93-5p, miR-135b-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-183-5p) in NPC tissue samples relative to control samples (p<0.05), with miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p being of significant diagnostic value (p<0.01). Moreover, comparison of NPC patient clinicopathologic data revealed a negative correlation between miR-93-5p and miR- 183-5p expression levels and lymph node status (p<0.05). These findings display an altered expression of many miRNAs in NPC tissues, thus providing information pertinent to pathophysiological and diagnostic research. Ultimately, miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p may be implicated as novel NPC candidate biomarkers, while miR- 93-5p, miR-650 and miR-183-5p may find application as relevant clinical pathology and diagnostic candidate biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Tang
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, ChinaE-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Davidson B, Tropé CG. Ovarian cancer: diagnostic, biological and prognostic aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:519-33. [PMID: 25335543 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, owing to late detection, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance and remarkable heterogeneity. Despite optimization of surgical and chemotherapy protocols and initiation of clinical trials incorporating targeted therapy, only modest gains have been achieved in prolonging survival in this cancer. This review provides an update of recent developments in our understanding of the etiology, origin, diagnosis, progression and treatment of this malignancy, with emphasis on clinically relevant genetic classification approaches. In the authors' opinion, focused effort directed at understanding the molecular make-up of recurrent and metastatic ovarian cancer, while keeping in mind the unique molecular character of each of its histological types, is central to our effort to improve patient outcome in this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Li C, Ding C, Chen T, Chen J, Xu Z, Lei Z, Xu C, Zhao J. Micro ribonucleic acid-93 promotes proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting disabled 2. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:524-33. [PMID: 26273410 PMCID: PMC4511333 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulated evidence has revealed that the dysregulation of micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) may contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MiR-93, which is a member of the miRNA cluster miR-106b∼25, has been widely studied for its tumor promoting effect on different types of cancers. However, our knowledge of miR-93 function in ESCC remains unclear. Methods The expression levels of miR-93 in ESCC and the adjacent non-tumor tissues were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and transwell migration assays were employed to explore the effects of miR-93 on proliferation and migration capabilities in EC109 cells. To determine the possible target gene of miR-93, cell transfection, Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed. Results A significant upregulation of miR-93 expression in ESCC tissues was determined, combined with a downregulation of the predicted target gene, disabled 2 (DAB2). The introduction of miR-93 significantly promotes cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and the metastatic capability of EC109 cells. By cell transfection and luciferase reporter assay, DAB2 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-93. In addition, the knockdown of DAB2 by small interfering RNA displayed a consentaneous phenocopy with miR-93 overexpression in EC109 cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that miR-93 acts as a tumor promoter in ESCC, and its promotion effects on ESCC cell proliferation and migration depend largely upon DAB2 suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China ; Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China ; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Genetics Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenlei Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China ; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Genetics Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China ; Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou, China ; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Genetics Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Ohta K, Hoshino H, Wang J, Ono S, Iida Y, Hata K, Huang SK, Colquhoun S, Hoon DSB. MicroRNA-93 activates c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway activity in hepatocellular carcinoma by directly inhibiting PTEN and CDKN1A. Oncotarget 2015; 6:3211-24. [PMID: 25633810 PMCID: PMC4413648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of microRNAs (miR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed comprehensive microRNA expression profiling using HCC cell lines and identified miR-93 as a novel target associated with HCC. We further verified miR-93 expression levels in advanced HCC tumors (n=47) by a direct PCR assay and found that elevated miR-93 expression level is significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Elevated miR-93 expression significantly stimulated in vitro cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and additionally inhibited apoptosis. We confirmed that miR-93 directly bound with the 3' untranslated regions of the tumor-suppressor genes PTEN and CDKN1A, respectively,and inhibited their expression. As a result of this inhibition, the c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway activity was enhanced. IHC analysis of HCC tumors showed significant correlation between c-Met protein expression levels and miR-93 expression levels. Knockdown of c-Met inhibited the activation of the c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway regardless of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) treatment, and furthermore reduced the expression of miR-93 in these HCC cells. miR-93 also rendered cells to be more sensitive to sorafenib and tivantinib treatment. We concluded that miR-93 stimulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the oncogenic c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway and also inhibited apoptosis by directly inhibiting PTEN and CDKN1A expression in human HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Ohta
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Hoshino
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Shigeshi Ono
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Yuuki Iida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Sharon K. Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Steven Colquhoun
- Liver Disease and Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
MiR-489 modulates cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells by targeting Akt3. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 25:799-809. [PMID: 24686007 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a conserved class of small noncoding RNA molecules that harbour the capacity to regulate protein-coding gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In the current study, we show that miR-489 is downregulated in cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3/CDDP and OVCAR3/CDDP cells. MiR-489 overexpression results in an inhibition of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cell survival and cell growth after CDDP treatment and an induction of cell apoptosis. Inhibition of miR-489 yields the opposite results. In addition, miR-489 overexpression increases the sensitivity of SKOV3/CDDP and OVCAR3/CDDP cells to CDDP and inhibits their colony number. Akt3 is validated as a direct target of miR-489 in SKOV3, OVCAR3, SKOV3/CDDP and OVCAR3/CDDP cells. In addition, miR-489 suppresses Akt3 protein expression by binding sites on its 3'UTR. Knockdown of Akt3 results in a similar effect as that because of miR-489 overexpression; importantly, Akt3 silencing rescues the functions induced by miR-489. Furthermore, we also use the Akt3 inhibitor, MK-2206 2HCl, to determine the role of Akt3 in CDDP resistance. Our study showed that MK-2206 2HCl increased the sensitivity of SKOV3/CDDP and OVCAR3/CDDP cells to CDDP. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-489 inhibited CDDP resistance and cell growth, and promotes apoptosis by suppressing Akt3 expression. Furthermore, the identification of a novel miR-489-based pathway in CDDP-resistant ovarian cancer will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
109
|
Increased expression of miR-93 is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3949-56. [PMID: 25578493 PMCID: PMC4445482 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-93-5p (miR-93) is a novel oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) and is elevated in diverse human malignancies. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of miR-93 are involved in many types of human tumours. However, the exact role of miR-93 remains unclear in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The objective of this study is to determine the expression pattern and clinical significance of miR-93 in HNSCC. MiR-93 expression levels in 103 primary HNSCC tissues and 16 corresponding non-cancerous epithelia were analysed by miRNA in situ hybridisation and correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes. Moreover, the expression of miR-93 was examined in four HNSCC cell lines and 17 pairs of HNSCC tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The miR-93 levels in HNSCC tissues and cell lines were significantly higher than those in the non-cancerous tissues. Notably, high miR-93 expression was significantly associated with T classification, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high miR-93 expression had poorer overall survival than patients with low miR-93 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-93 overexpression and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors in patients with HNSCC. This study demonstrated that miR-93 expression was significantly increased in HNSCC tissue samples and cell lines and that miR-93 overexpression was associated with tumour progression, metastasis and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. These results suggest that miR-93 may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of HNSCC, indicating that miR-93 may be a valuable marker for the prediction of metastasis and prognosis in HNSCC.
Collapse
|
110
|
Borley J, Brown R. Epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann Med 2015; 47:359-69. [PMID: 26158617 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1043140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer with the majority of patients succumbing to chemotherapy-resistant disease. Unravelling the mechanisms of drug resistance and how it can be prevented or reversed is a pivotal challenge in the treatment of cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms appear to play a crucial role in the development of inherent and acquired resistance in ovarian cancer. Aberrant epigenetic states can be reversed by drug therapy, and thus maintenance of epigenetic change is a potential target to halt or reverse chemotherapy resistance. This review explores the evidence that demonstrates that DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs are associated with inherent and acquired chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer and the current challenges associated with this. We also explore current epigenetic therapies used in patients with drug-resistant ovarian cancer and future potential targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Borley
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Role of microRNAs in cancers of the female reproductive tract: insights from recent clinical and experimental discovery studies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:153-80. [PMID: 25294164 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that represent the top of the pyramid of many tumorigenesis cascade pathways as they have the ability to affect multiple, intricate, and still undiscovered downstream targets. Understanding how miRNA molecules serve as master regulators in these important networks involved in cancer initiation and progression open up significant innovative areas for therapy and diagnosis that have been sadly lacking for deadly female reproductive tract cancers. This review will highlight the recent advances in the field of miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer, endometrioid endometrial cancer and squamous-cell cervical carcinoma focusing on studies associated with actual clinical information in humans. Importantly, recent miRNA profiling studies have included well-characterized clinical specimens of female reproductive tract cancers, allowing for studies correlating miRNA expression with clinical outcomes. This review will summarize the current thoughts on the role of miRNA processing in unique miRNA species present in these cancers. In addition, this review will focus on current data regarding miRNA molecules as unique biomarkers associated with clinically significant outcomes such as overall survival and chemotherapy resistance. We will also discuss why specific miRNA molecules are not recapitulated across multiple studies of the same cancer type. Although the mechanistic contributions of miRNA molecules to these clinical phenomena have been confirmed using in vitro and pre-clinical mouse model systems, these studies are truly only the beginning of our understanding of the roles miRNAs play in cancers of the female reproductive tract. This review will also highlight useful areas for future research regarding miRNAs as therapeutic targets in cancers of the female reproductive tract.
Collapse
|
112
|
MicroRNAs associated with the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in biliary tract cancer cell lines. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20134-57. [PMID: 25380521 PMCID: PMC4264160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a palliative treatment option for unresectable hilar biliary tract cancer (BTC) showing a considerable benefit for survival and quality of life with few side effects. Currently, factors determining the cellular response of BTC cells towards PDT are unknown. Due to their multifaceted nature, microRNAs (miRs) are a promising analyte to investigate the cellular mechanisms following PDT. For two photosensitizers, Photofrin® and Foscan®, the phototoxicity was investigated in eight BTC cell lines. Each cell line (untreated) was profiled for expression of n=754 miRs using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA Cards. Statistical analysis and bioinformatic tools were used to identify miRs associated with PDT efficiency and their putative targets, respectively. Twenty miRs correlated significantly with either high or low PDT efficiency. PDT was particularly effective in cells with high levels of clustered miRs 25-93*-106b and (in case of miR-106b) a phenotype characterized by high expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin and high proliferation (cyclinD1 and Ki67 expression). Insensitivity towards PDT was associated with high miR-200 family expression and (for miR-cluster 200a/b-429) expression of differentiation markers Ck19 and Ck8/18. Predicted and validated downstream targets indicate plausible involvement of miRs 20a*, 25, 93*, 130a, 141, 200a, 200c and 203 in response mechanisms to PDT, suggesting that targeting these miRs could improve susceptibility to PDT in insensitive cell lines. Taken together, the miRNome pattern may provide a novel tool for predicting the efficiency of PDT and-following appropriate functional verification-may subsequently allow for optimization of the PDT protocol.
Collapse
|
113
|
Xiao X, Zhou L, Cao P, Gong H, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-93 regulates cyclin G2 expression and plays an oncogenic role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:161-74. [PMID: 25309979 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA93 (miR-93) is expressed in the miR‑106b-25 cluster, located in intron 13 of the MCM7 gene. Our previous study found that miR-93 was significantly upregulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and cyclin G2 (CCNG2) was a potential target of miR-93 in LSCC. However, the possible functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-93 in LSCC remain unknown. In the present study, we show that the level of CCNG2 protein expression was significantly lower in LSCC cancer tissue than normal tissues. The level of CCNG2 was correlated with clinical stages, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. We further show that the expression level of miR-93 was inversely correlated with CCNG2 expression in clinical specimens. Furthermore, gain-of-function assays revealed that miR-93 promoted cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis rates, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted cell migration and invasion, whereas silencing of miR-93 attenuated these carcinogenic processes. In addition, overexpression of miR-93 in Hep-2 cells could reduce the mRNA and protein levels of CCNG2, whereas silencing of miR-93 in Hep-2 cells significantly increased CCNG2 expression. A luciferase assay verified that miR-93 could bind to the 3' untranslated region of CCNG2. Importantly, ectopic expression of CCNG2 in miR-93 cells rescued the effect of miR-93 on LSCC proliferation. Knockdown of CCNG2 promoted cell proliferation resembling that of miR-93 overexpression. These findings demonstrated that miR-93 promotes tumor growth by directly suppressing CCNG2. Taken together, these results suggested that this newly identified miR-93-CCNG2 axis may be involved in LSCC proliferation and progression. Our findings provide novel potential targets for LSCC therapy and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
MicroRNA-449a reduces cell survival and enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via downregulation of NOTCH1 in ovarian cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12369-78. [PMID: 25179844 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for the advanced ovarian cancer, but resistance to cisplatin remains a major obstacle to successful treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in disease processes, including the development of drug resistance. In this study, we found miR-449a were significantly downregulated in the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cell lines SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP, compared with their sensitive parent line SKOV3 and A2780, respectively. The overexpression of miR-449a increased cisplatin sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP cells by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The luciferase assay confirmed that miR-449a functioned through suppressing NOTCH1 directly. Concordantly, BALB/c nude mice that were injected intraperitoneally with SKOV3/DDP cells transfected with miR-449a mimics exhibited enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that the ectopic expression of miR-449a may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
115
|
Wu ZB, Li WQ, Lin SJ, Wang CD, Cai L, Lu JL, Chen YX, Su ZP, Shang HB, Yang WL, Zhao WG. MicroRNA expression profile of bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:10-8. [PMID: 25064468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in the resistance of tumors to chemotherapy. However, little is known about miRNA expression in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas. In this study, 23 prolactinoma samples were classified as bromocriptine-sensitive or -resistant according to the clinical definition of bromocriptine resistance, and their miRNA expression profiles were determined using Solexa sequencing. We found 41 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the two groups, and 12 of these were validated by stem-loop qRT-PCR. Hsa-mir-93, hsa-mir-17, hsa-mir-22*, hsa-mir-126*, hsa-mir-142-3p, hsa-mir-144*, hsa-mir-486-5p, hsa-mir-451, and hsa-mir-92a were up-regulated and hsa-mir-30a, hsa-mir-382, and hsa-mir-136 were down-regulated in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas in comparison with bromocriptine-sensitive prolactinomas. Furthermore, silencing of mir-93 significantly increased the sensitivity of MMQ cells to dopamine agonist treatment. Mir-93 directly affected p21 expression in MMQ cells by targeting the 3'-UTR. Our study is the first to identify a miRNA expression profile associated with bromocriptine-resistant prolactinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Wei Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuyao People's Hospital, Ningbo 315400, China
| | - Shao Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Cheng De Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiang Long Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yun Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Zhi Peng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Han Bing Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Guo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:1067-78. [PMID: 25086744 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. Despite improvements in conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery and chemotherapy, a majority of patients with advanced ovarian cancer experience relapse and eventually succumb to the disease; the outcome of patients remains poor. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is activated in approximately 70 % of ovarian cancers, resulting in hyperactive signaling cascades that relate to cellular growth, proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Consistent with this, a number of clinical studies are focusing on PI3K pathway as an attractive target in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In this review, we present an overview of PI3K pathway as well as its pathological aberrations reported in ovarian cancer. We also discuss inhibitors of PI3K pathway that are currently under clinical investigations and the challenges these inhibitors face in future clinical utility. METHODS PubMed was searched for articles of relevance to ovarian cancer and the PI3K pathway. In addition, the ClinicalTrials.gov was also scanned for data on novel therapeutic inhibitors targeting the PI3K pathway. RESULTS Genetic aberrations at different levels of PI3K pathway are frequently observed in ovarian cancer, resulting in hyperactivation of this pathway. The alterations of this pathway make the PI3K pathway an attractive therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Currently, several inhibitors of PI3K pathway, such as PI3K/AKT inhibitors, rapamycin analogs for mTOR inhibition, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are in clinical testing in patients with ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS PI3K pathway inhibitors have shown great promise in the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, further researches on selection patients that respond to PI3K inhibitors and exploration of effective combinatorial therapies are required to improve the management of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
117
|
MicroRNAs: novel players in cancer diagnosis and therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:959461. [PMID: 25101302 PMCID: PMC4101974 DOI: 10.1155/2014/959461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
First discovered in 1993, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been one of the hottest research areas over the past two decades. Oftentimes, miRNAs levels are found to be dysregulated in cancer patients. The potential use of miRNAs in cancer therapies is an emerging and promising field, with research finding miRNAs to play a role in cancer initiation, tumor growth, and metastasis. Therefore, miRNAs could become an integral part from cancer diagnosis to treatment in future. This review aims to examine current novel research work on the potential roles of miRNAs in cancer therapies, while also discussing several current challenges and needed future research.
Collapse
|
118
|
Llauradó M, Majem B, Altadill T, Lanau L, Castellví J, Sánchez-Iglesias JL, Cabrera S, De la Torre J, Díaz-Feijoo B, Pérez-Benavente A, Colás E, Olivan M, Doll A, Alameda F, Matias-Guiu X, Moreno-Bueno G, Carey MS, Del Campo JM, Gil-Moreno A, Reventós J, Rigau M. MicroRNAs as prognostic markers in ovarian cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:73-84. [PMID: 24747602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women. Over 70% of women with OC are diagnosed in advanced stages and most of these cases are incurable. Although most patients respond well to primary chemotherapy, tumors become resistant to treatment. Mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer cells may be associated with mutational events and/or alterations of gene expression through epigenetic events. Although focusing on known genes has already yielded new information, previously unknown non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), also lead insight into the biology of chemoresistance. In this review we summarize the current evidence examining the role of miRNAs as biomarkers of response and survival to therapy in OC. Beside their clinical implications, we also discuss important differences between studies that may have limited their use as clinical biomarkers and suggest new approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llauradó
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Majem
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana Altadill
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Lanau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellví
- Department of Pathology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Cabrera
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier De la Torre
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Díaz-Feijoo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Colás
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Doll
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Alameda
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, 28029, Madrid, Spain & Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark S Carey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia and BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Josep Maria Del Campo
- Division of Gynecology and Head and Neck, Department of Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBELL- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Rigau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Davidson B, Tropé CG, Reich R. The clinical and diagnostic role of microRNAs in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 133:640-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
120
|
Fabbri E, Borgatti M, Montagner G, Bianchi N, Finotti A, Lampronti I, Bezzerri V, Dechecchi MC, Cabrini G, Gambari R. Expression of microRNA-93 and Interleukin-8 duringPseudomonas aeruginosa–Mediated Induction of Proinflammatory Responses. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:1144-55. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0160oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
121
|
Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Michels J, Brenner C, Szabadkai G, Harel-Bellan A, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: past, present and future. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1257. [PMID: 24874729 PMCID: PMC4047912 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The platinum derivative cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), best known as cisplatin, is currently employed for the clinical management of patients affected by testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. For a long time, the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin have been fully ascribed to its ability to generate unrepairable DNA lesions, hence inducing either a permanent proliferative arrest known as cellular senescence or the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of cisplatin involves both a nuclear and a cytoplasmic component. Despite the unresolved issues regarding its mechanism of action, the administration of cisplatin is generally associated with high rates of clinical responses. However, in the vast majority of cases, malignant cells exposed to cisplatin activate a multipronged adaptive response that renders them less susceptible to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the drug, and eventually resume proliferation. Thus, a large fraction of cisplatin-treated patients is destined to experience therapeutic failure and tumor recurrence. Throughout the last four decades great efforts have been devoted to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms whereby neoplastic cells progressively lose their sensitivity to cisplatin. The advent of high-content and high-throughput screening technologies has accelerated the discovery of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways that may be targeted to prevent or reverse cisplatin resistance in cancer patients. Still, the multifactorial and redundant nature of this phenomenon poses a significant barrier against the identification of effective chemosensitization strategies. Here, we discuss recent systems biology studies aimed at deconvoluting the complex circuitries that underpin cisplatin resistance, and how their findings might drive the development of rational approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- 1] Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy [2] National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - J Michels
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS 769; LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Harel-Bellan
- 1] Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [2] CNRS, FRE3377, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [3] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Castedo
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France [4] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France [5] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Farooqi AA, Hou MF, Chen CC, Wang CL, Chang HW. Androgen receptor and gene network: Micromechanics reassemble the signaling machinery of TMPRSS2-ERG positive prostate cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:34. [PMID: 24739220 PMCID: PMC4002202 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a gland tumor in the male reproductive system. It is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Transmembrane protease, serine 2 and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 homolog (TMPRSS2-ERG) gene fusions are the common molecular signature of prostate cancer. Although tremendous advances have been made in unraveling various facets of TMPRSS2-ERG-positive prostate cancer, many research findings must be sequentially collected and re-interpreted. It is important to understand the activation or repression of target genes and proteins in response to various stimuli and the assembly in signal transduction in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer cells. Accordingly, we divide this multi-component review ofprostate cancer cells into several segments: 1) The role of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in genomic instability and methylated regulation in prostate cancer and normal cells; 2) Signal transduction cascades in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer; 3) Overexpressed genes in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer cells; 4) miRNA mediated regulation of the androgen receptor (AR) and its associated protein network; 5) Quantitative control of ERG in prostate cancer cells; 6) TMPRSS2-ERG encoded protein targeting; In conclusion, we provide a detailed understanding of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion related information in prostate cancer development to provide a rationale for exploring TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-mediated molecular network machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, 35 Km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Application of microRNA in diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:232817. [PMID: 24822185 PMCID: PMC4009316 DOI: 10.1155/2014/232817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis because early detection is difficult and recurrent ovarian cancer is usually drug-resistant. The morbidity and mortality of ovarian cancer are high worldwide and new methods of diagnosis and therapy are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression that are involved in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Thus, miRNAs are likely to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and for cancer therapy. Many miRNAs have altered expression in ovarian cancer compared to normal ovarian tissues and these changes may be useful for diagnosis and treatment. For example, deficiencies of enzymes including Dicer and Drosha that are required for miRNA biogenesis may be adverse prognostic factors; miRNAs such as miR-214 and miR-31, which are involved in drug resistance, and the miR-200 family, which is implicated in metastasis, may serve as biomarkers; and transfection of downregulated miRNAs and inhibition of upregulated miRNAs may be effective for treatment of ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy targeting epigenetic mechanisms associated with miRNAs may also be effective to reverse gene silencing.
Collapse
|
124
|
Gadducci A, Sergiampietri C, Lanfredini N, Guiggi I. Micro-RNAs and ovarian cancer: the state of art and perspectives of clinical research. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:266-71. [PMID: 24479883 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.871525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA (mi-RNA) expression plays a major role in the development and progression of most human malignancies. Members of the miR-200 family, miR-182, miR-214 and miR-221 are frequently up-regulated, whereas miR-100, let-7i, miR-199a, miR-125b, mir-145 and miR-335 are often down-regulated in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovarian tissue. Most mi-RNA signatures are overlapping in different tumor histotypes but some mi-RNAs seem to be histotype specific. For instance, the endometrioid type shares with the serous and clear cell types the up-regulation of miR-200 family members, but also presents over-expression of miR-21, miR-202 and miR-205. Clear cell carcinoma has a significantly higher expression of miR-30a and miR-30a*, whereas mucinous histotype has elevated levels of miR-192/194. In vitro and in vivo investigations have shown that several mi-RNAs can modulate the sensitivity of ovarian cancer to platinum and taxane, and clinical studies have suggested that mi-RNA profiling may predict the outcome of patients with this malignancy. Some mi-RNAs could be used as biomarkers to identify patients that might benefit from the addition of molecularly targeted agents (i.e. anti-angiogenic agents, MET inhibitors and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors) to standard chemotherapy. Moreover, mi-RNAs could represent potential targets for the development of novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Thériault BL, Basavarajappa HD, Lim H, Pajovic S, Gallie BL, Corson TW. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of KIF14 overexpression in ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91540. [PMID: 24626475 PMCID: PMC3953446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF14 (kinesin family member 14) is a mitotic kinesin and an important oncogene in several cancers. Tumor KIF14 expression levels are independently predictive of poor outcome, and in cancer cells KIF14 can modulate metastatic behavior by maintaining appropriate levels of cell adhesion and migration proteins at the cell membrane. Thus KIF14 is an exciting potential therapeutic target. Understanding KIF14's regulation in cancer cells is crucial to the development of effective and selective therapies to block its tumorigenic function(s). We previously determined that close to 30% of serous ovarian cancers (OvCa tumors) exhibit low-level genomic gain, indicating one mechanism of KIF14 overexpression in tumors. We now report on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of KIF14. Through promoter deletion analyses, we identified one cis-regulatory region containing binding sites for Sp1, HSF1 and YY1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of these transcription factors demonstrated endogenous regulation of KIF14 overexpression by Sp1 and YY1, but not HSF1. ChIP experiments confirmed an enrichment of both Sp1 and YY1 binding to the endogenous KIF14 promoter in OvCa cell lines with high KIF14 expression. A strong correlation was seen in primary serous OvCa tumors between Sp1, YY1 and KIF14 expression, further evidence that these transcription factors are important players in KIF14 overexpression. Hypomethylation patterns were observed in primary serous OvCa tumors, suggesting a minor role for promoter methylation in the control of KIF14 gene expression. miRNA expression analysis determined that miR-93, miR-144 and miR-382 had significantly lower levels of expression in primary serous OvCa tumors than normal tissues; treatment of an OvCa cell line with miRNA mimics and inhibitors specifically modulated KIF14 mRNA levels, pointing to potential novel mechanisms of KIF14 overexpression in primary tumors. Our findings reveal multiple mechanisms of KIF14 upregulation in cancer cells, offering new targets for therapeutic interventions to reduce KIF14 in tumors, aiming at improved prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte L. Thériault
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Halesha D. Basavarajappa
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Harvey Lim
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Pajovic
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda L. Gallie
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Visual Science, Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy W. Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Lyu X, Fang W, Cai L, Zheng H, Ye Y, Zhang L, Li J, Peng H, Cho WCS, Wang E, Marincola FM, Yao K, Cai H, Li J, Li X. TGFβR2 is a major target of miR-93 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma aggressiveness. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:51. [PMID: 24606633 PMCID: PMC4016586 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MiR-17-92 cluster and its paralogues have emerged as crucial regulators of many oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFβR2), as an important tumor suppressor, is involved in various cancer types. However, it is in cancer that only two miRNAs of this cluster and its paralogues have been reported so far to regulate TGFβR2. MiR-93 is oncogenic, but its targetome in cancer has not been fully defined. The role of miR-93 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) still remains largely unknown. Methods We firstly evaluated the clinical signature of TGFβR2 down-regulation in clinical samples, and next used a miRNA expression profiling analysis followed by multi-validations, including Luciferase reporter assay, to identify miRNAs targeting TGFβR2 in NPC. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to further investigate the effects of miRNA-mediated TGFβR2 down-regulation on NPC aggressiveness. Finally, mechanism studies were conducted to explore the associated pathway and genes influenced by this miRNA-mediated TGFβR2 down-regulation. Results TGFβR2 was down-regulated in more than 50% of NPC patients. It is an unfavorable prognosis factor contributing to clinical NPC aggressiveness. A cluster set of 4 TGFβR2-associated miRNAs was identified; they are all from miR-17-92 cluster and its paralogues, of which miR-93 was one of the most significant miRNAs, directly targeting TGFβR2, promoting cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, miR-93 resulted in the attenuation of Smad-dependent TGF-β signaling and the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway by suppressing TGFβR2, further promoting NPC cell uncontrolled growth, invasion, metastasis and EMT-like process. Impressively, the knockdown of TGFβR2 by siRNA displayed a consentaneous phenocopy with the effect of miR-93 in NPC cells, supporting TGFβR2 is a major target of miR-93. Our findings were also substantiated by investigation of the clinical signatures of miR-93 and TGFβR2 in NPC. Conclusion The present study reports an involvement of miR-93-mediated TGFβR2 down-regulation in NPC aggressiveness, thus giving extended insights into molecular mechanisms underlying cancer aggressiveness. Approaches aimed at blocking miR-93 may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongbing Cai
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Kim YW, Kim EY, Jeon D, Liu JL, Kim HS, Choi JW, Ahn WS. Differential microRNA expression signatures and cell type-specific association with Taxol resistance in ovarian cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:293-314. [PMID: 24591819 PMCID: PMC3938445 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s51969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol) resistance remains a major obstacle for the successful treatment of ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have oncogenic and tumor suppressor activity and are associated with poor prognosis phenotypes. miRNA screenings for this drug resistance are needed to estimate the prognosis of the disease and find better drug targets. miRNAs that were differentially expressed in Taxol-resistant ovarian cancer cells, compared with Taxol-sensitive cells, were screened by Illumina Human MicroRNA Expression BeadChips. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to identify target genes of selected miRNAs. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was applied to identify dysregulated miRNAs in ovarian cancer patients using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A total of 82 miRNAs were identified in ovarian carcinoma cells compared to normal ovarian cells. miR-141, miR-106a, miR-200c, miR-96, and miR-378 were overexpressed, and miR-411, miR-432, miR-494, miR-409-3p, and miR-655 were underexpressed in ovarian cancer cells. Seventeen miRNAs were overexpressed in Taxol-resistant cells, including miR-663, miR-622, and HS_188. Underexpressed miRNAs in Taxol-sensitive cells included miR-497, miR-187, miR-195, and miR-107. We further showed miR-663 and miR-622 as significant prognosis markers of the chemo-resistant patient group. In particular, the downregulation of the two miRNAs was associated with better survival, perhaps increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to Taxol. In the chemo-sensitive patient group, only miR-647 could be a prognosis marker. These miRNAs inhibit several interacting genes of p53 networks, especially in TUOS-3 and TUOS-4, and showed cell line-specific inhibition effects. Taken together, the data indicate that the three miRNAs are closely associated with Taxol resistance and potentially better prognosis factors. Our results suggest that these miRNAs were successfully and reliably identified and would be used in the development of miRNA therapies in treating ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wan Kim
- Cancer Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Cancer Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doin Jeon
- Cancer Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juinn-Lin Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | | | - Jin Woo Choi
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Woong Shick Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Saldanha SN, Tollefsbol TO. Pathway modulations and epigenetic alterations in ovarian tumorbiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:393-406. [PMID: 24105793 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular pathways are numerous and are highly integrated in function in the control of cellular systems. They collectively regulate cell division, proliferation, survival and apoptosis of cells and mutagenesis of key genes that control these pathways can initiate neoplastic transformations. Understanding these pathways is crucial to future therapeutic and preventive strategies of the disease. Ovarian cancers are of three major types; epithelial, germ-cell, and stromal. However, ovarian cancers of epithelial origin, arising from the mesothelium, are the predominant form. Of the subtypes of ovarian cancer, the high-grade serous tumors are fatal, with low survival rate due to late detection and poor response to treatments. Close examination of preserved ovarian tissues and in vitro studies have provided insights into the mechanistic changes occurring in cells mediated by a few key genes. This review will focus on pathways and key genes of the pathways that are mutated or have aberrant functions in the pathology of ovarian cancer. Non-genetic mechanisms that are gaining prominence in the pathology of ovarian cancer, miRNAs and epigenetics, will also be discussed in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabita N Saldanha
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama
| | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Liao C, Chen W, Fan X, Jiang X, Qiu L, Chen C, Zhu Y, Wang H. MicroRNA-200c Inhibits Apoptosis in Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Targeting the PTEN/Akt Signaling Pathway. Oncol Res 2014; 21:129-36. [DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13832473329999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
130
|
Luo X, Dong Z, Chen Y, Yang L, Lai D. Enrichment of ovarian cancer stem-like cells is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition through an miRNA-activated AKT pathway. Cell Prolif 2014; 46:436-46. [PMID: 23869765 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence has indicated that ovarian epithelial cancer-type cells under serum-free culture conditions can form spheroid cells and exhibit characteristics expected of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). However, the mechanism by which differentiated ovarian cancer cells acquire stem-cell properties during CSC enrichment has needed to be elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) can generate CSCs and be associated with tumour aggressiveness and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and HO8920, were cultured for spheroid cells and adherent cells. CSC enrichment was investigated using MTT assay, flow cytometery and qRT-PCR and expression level of PI3K/AKT pathway components was analysed by western blotting. RESULTS Compared to adherent cells, the spheroid cells expressed mesenchymal markers highly and exhibited significantly more motility; we also observed increases in phosphate AKT1 levels in the spheroid cells. Moreover, transfection of miR-20a or miR-200c led to corresponding reduction in endogenous PTEN protein, while AKT1 and phosphate AKT1 levels were upregulated in miRNAs-transfected cells. Finally, PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 reduced expressions of mesenchymal markers and stem-cell gene activity in spheroid cells, enhancing sensitivity of spheroid cells to paclitaxel treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that EMT contributed to enrichment of ovarian CSCs in vitro, making EMT targeting in epithelial ovarian cancer a novel therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Luo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Leung F, Diamandis EP, Kulasingam V. Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801401-1.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
132
|
Zhang X, Huang L, Zhao Y, Tan W. Downregulation of miR-130a contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by targeting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) directly. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:995-1001. [PMID: 24145606 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved small non-coding RNA molecules, which post-transcriptionally regulate genes expression and play crucial roles in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of miRNAs might modulate the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. To investigate the possible role of miR-130a in the development of cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cell line A2780, we evaluated the expression of microRNA-130a (miR-130a) in the cells by the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that miR-130a was significantly down-regulated in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM) results showed that over-expression of miR-130a regulated apoptotic activity, and thereby cisplatin chemosensitivity, in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-130a can directly target XIAP, and participate in the regulation of apoptosis. The up-regulation of miR-130a led to a significant decrease in the XIAP mRNA levels and protein levels. XIAP plays an important role in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Our findings suggested that miR-130a could play a role in the development of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line A2780, at least in part by modulation of apoptosis via targeting XIAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi'an Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Tradition Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an 710001, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Juliachs M, Muñoz C, Moutinho CA, Vidal A, Condom E, Esteller M, Graupera M, Casanovas O, Germà JR, Villanueva A, Viñals F. The PDGFRβ-AKT pathway contributes to CDDP-acquired resistance in testicular germ cell tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:658-67. [PMID: 24277456 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined whether PI3K-AKT or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways could play a role in the development of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in testicular germ cell tumor (TGT) cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We compared AKT and ERK activation levels in CDDP-sensitive testicular tumor cells and in their corresponding CDDP-resistant-derived cells. We also analyzed these pathways in orthotopic testicular tumors and human patient samples. RESULTS Our results indicated that there was overactivation of AKT in CDDP-resistant cells compared with sensitive cells, but no effect on activated ERK levels. We observed an increase in mRNA and protein levels for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor β and PDGF-B ligand. These were responsible for AKT overactivation in CDDP-resistant cells. When PDGFRβ levels were decreased by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) treatment or its activation was blocked by pazopanib, CDDP-resistant cells behaved like sensitive cells. Moreover, CDDP-resistant cells were more sensitive to incubation with PDGFRβ inhibitors such as pazopanib or sunitinib than sensitive cells, a finding consistent with these cells being dependent on this signaling pathway. We also found overexpression of PDGFRβ and pAKT in CDDP-resistant choriocarcinoma orthotopic tumor versus their CDDP-sensitive counterparts. Finally, we found high PDGFRβ levels in human testicular tumors, and overexpression in CDDP-resistant testicular choriocarcinomas compared with the CDDP-sensitive and nontreated tumors. CONCLUSIONS The PDGFRβ-AKT pathway plays a critical role in the development of CDDP resistance in testicular tumoral cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Juliachs
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratori de Recerca Translacional and Servei d'Oncologia Mèdica, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals; Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Departaments de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental and Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL); Laboratori d'Oncologia Molecular and Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Li H, Xu H, Shen H, Li H. microRNA-106a modulates cisplatin sensitivity by targeting PDCD4 in human ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:183-188. [PMID: 24348845 PMCID: PMC3861584 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a cluster of short non-protein coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including the response of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The present study investigated the role of miR-106a in the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells. The expression of miR-106a in the ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cell line and the cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant ovarian cancer OVCAR3/CIS cell line was detected using stem-loop quantitative (q)PCR. The OVCAR3 and OVCAR3/CIS cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-106a or with negative control (NC) RNA using lipofectamine 2000. Luciferase reporter assays were used to determine whether PDCD4 was a direct target of miR-106a in the OVCAR3 cells. The expression levels of the PDCD4 proteins were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Drug sensitivity was analyzed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, while apoptosis was determined by fluorescence-activating cell sorting analysis. The expression levels of miR-106a were upregulated in the CDDP-resistant ovarian cancer OVCAR3/CIS cell line compared with the parental OVCAR3 cell line. However, the PDCD4 protein levels were decreased in the OVCAR3/CIS cells compared with the OVCAR3 cells. The luciferase reporter assays revealed that PDCD4 was a direct miR-106a target in the OVCAR3 cells. Transfection of the OVCAR3/CIS cells with inhibitors of miR-106a enhanced the sensitivity of the OVCAR3/CIS cells to CDDP and increased CDDP-induced apoptosis. The expression of the PDCD4 protein and the sensitivity to CDDP was decreased in the OVCAR3 cells that were transfected with the mimics of miR-106a. The knockdown of PDCD4 expression using PDCD4-specific siRNAs in the OVCAR3 cells demonstrated that PDCD4 is a key signaling molecule in OVCAR3 cell CDDP-induced resistance. miR-106a may be involved in the development of drug resistance and the regulation of PDCD4 expression, at least in part, by modulating CDDP-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Li Y, Li L, Guan Y, Liu X, Meng Q, Guo Q. MiR-92b regulates the cell growth, cisplatin chemosensitivity of A549 non small cell lung cancer cell line and target PTEN. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:604-10. [PMID: 24099768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged to play important roles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance of human cancer. Fewer studies were explored the roles of miR-92b on human lung cancer cell growth and resistance to cisplatin (CDDP). In this paper, we utilized real-time PCR to verify miR-92b was significantly up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues compared to matched adjacent normal tissues. In vitro assay demonstrated that knock-down of miR-92b inhabits cell growth and sensitized the A549/CDDP cells to CDDP. Furthermore, we found miR-92b could directly target PTEN, a unique tumor suppressor gene, which was downregulated in lung cancer tissues compared to the matched adjacent normal tissues. These data indicate that the miR-92b play an oncogene roles by regulates cell growth, cisplatin chemosensitivity phenotype, and could serve as a novel potential maker for NSCLC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
miR-93-directed downregulation of DAB2 defines a novel oncogenic pathway in lung cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:4307-15. [PMID: 24037530 PMCID: PMC4281941 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disabled homolog 2 (DAB2) gene was recently identified as a tumor suppressor gene with its expression down-regulated in multiple cancer types. The role of DAB2 in lung tumorigenesis, however, is not fully characterized, and the mechanisms of DAB2 dysregulation in lung cancer are not defined. Here we show that low DAB2 levels in lung tumor specimens are significantly correlated with poor patient survival, and that DAB2 over-expression significantly inhibits cell growth in cultured lung cancer cells, indicating its potent tumor suppressor function. We next identify that microRNA miR-93 functions as a potent repressor of DAB2 expression by directly targeting the 3′UTR of the DAB2 mRNA. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that miR-93 over-expression plays an important role in promoting lung cancer cell growth, and that its oncogenic function is primarily mediated by down-regulating DAB2 expression. Our clinical investigations further indicate that high tumor levels of miR-93 are correlated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. The correlations of both low DAB2 and high miR-93 expression with poor patient survival strongly support the critical role of the miR-93/DAB2 pathway in determining lung cancer progression.
Collapse
|
137
|
Kang H, Kim C, Lee H, Kim W, Lee EK. Post-transcriptional controls by ribonucleoprotein complexes in the acquisition of drug resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17204-20. [PMID: 23965981 PMCID: PMC3759960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140817204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of drug resistance leads to failure of anti-cancer treatments and therapies. Although several successive chemotherapies are available, along with efforts towards clinical applications of new anti-cancer drugs, it is generally realized that there is a long way to go to treat cancers. Resistance to anti-cancer drugs results from various factors, including genetic as well as epigenetic differences in tumors. Determining the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of drug resistance may be a helpful approach for the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome treatment failure. Several studies have shown that the acquisition of drug resistance is tightly regulated by post-transcriptional regulators such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which change the stability and translation of mRNAs encoding factors involved in cell survival, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug metabolism. Here, we review our current understanding of ribonucleoprotein complexes, including RBPs and miRNAs, which play critical roles in the acquisition of drug resistance and have potential clinical implications for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Chongtae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Heejin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.K.); (E.K.L.); Tel.: +82-31-219-2513 (W.K.); +82-2-2258-7295 (E.K.L.); Fax: +82-31-219-1610 (W.K.); +82-2-596-4435 (E.K.L.)
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (C.K.); (H.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.K.); (E.K.L.); Tel.: +82-31-219-2513 (W.K.); +82-2-2258-7295 (E.K.L.); Fax: +82-31-219-1610 (W.K.); +82-2-596-4435 (E.K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
MiR-17-92 cluster is a novel regulatory gene of cardiac ischemic/reperfusion injury. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:108-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
139
|
Chen YH, Heneidi S, Lee JM, Layman LC, Stepp DW, Gamboa GM, Chen BS, Chazenbalk G, Azziz R. miRNA-93 inhibits GLUT4 and is overexpressed in adipose tissue of polycystic ovary syndrome patients and women with insulin resistance. Diabetes 2013; 62:2278-86. [PMID: 23493574 PMCID: PMC3712080 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have intrinsic insulin resistance (IR) above and beyond that associated with body mass, including dysfunctional glucose metabolism in adipose tissue (AT). In AT, analysis of the IRS/PI3-K/AKT pathway signaling components identified only GLUT4 expression to be significantly lower in PCOS patients and in control subjects with IR. We examined the role of miRNAs, particularly in the regulation of GLUT4, the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter, in the AT of PCOS and matched control subjects. PCOS AT was determined to have a differentially expressed miRNA profile, including upregulated miR-93, -133, and -223. GLUT4 is a highly predicted target for miR-93, while miR-133 and miR-223 have been demonstrated to regulate GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. Expression of miR-93 revealed a strong correlation between the homeostasis model assessment of IR in vivo values and GLUT4 and miR-93 but not miR-133 and -223 expression in human AT. Overexpression of miR-93 resulted in downregulation of GLUT4 gene expression in adipocytes through direct targeting of the GLUT4 3'UTR, while inhibition of miR-93 activity led to increased GLUT4 expression. These results point to a novel mechanism for regulating insulin-stimulated glucose uptake via miR-93 and demonstrate upregulated miR-93 expression in all PCOS, and in non-PCOS women with IR, possibly accounting for the IR of the syndrome. In contrast, miR-133 and miR-223 may have a different, although yet to be defined, role in the IR of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Saleh Heneidi
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lawrence C. Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Neuroscience Program, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David W. Stepp
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Bo-Shiun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Neuroscience Program, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gregorio Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Center for Health Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Corresponding author: Ricardo Azziz,
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Singh M, Chaudhry P, Fabi F, Asselin E. Cisplatin-induced caspase activation mediates PTEN cleavage in ovarian cancer cells: a potential mechanism of chemoresistance. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:233. [PMID: 23663432 PMCID: PMC3661380 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor protein is a central negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and suppresses cell survival as well as cell proliferation. PTEN is found to be either inactivated or mutated in various human malignancies. In the present study, we have investigated the regulation of PTEN during cisplatin induced apoptosis in A2780, A270-CP (cisplatin resistant), OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS Cells were treated with 10μM of cisplatin for 24h. Transcript and protein levels were analysed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to assess the intracellular localization of PTEN. Proteasome inhibitor and various caspases inhibitors were used to find the mechanism of PTEN degradation. RESULTS PTEN protein levels were found to be decreased significantly in A2780 cells; however, there was no change in PTEN protein levels in A2780-CP, OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 cells with cisplatin treatment. The decrease in PTEN protein was accompanied with an increase in the levels of AKT phosphorylation (pAKT) in A2780 cells and a decrease of BCL-2. Cisplatin treatment induced the activation/cleavage of caspase-3, -6, -7, -8, -9 in all cell lines tested in this study except the resistant variant A2780-CP cells. In A2780 cells, restoration of PTEN levels was achieved upon pre-treatment with Z-DEVD-FMK (broad range caspases inhibitor) and not with MG132 (proteasome inhibitor) and by overexpression of BCL-2, suggesting that caspases and BCL-2 are involved in the decrease of PTEN protein levels in A2780 cells. CONCLUSION The decrease in pro-apoptotic PTEN protein levels and increase in survival factor pAKT in A2780 ovarian cancer cells suggest that cisplatin treatment could further exacerbate drug resistance in A2780 ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Singh
- Department of Medical Biology, Research group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Zhou L, Qiu T, Xu J, Wang T, Wang J, Zhou X, Huang Z, Zhu W, Shu Y, Liu P. miR-135a/b modulate cisplatin resistance of human lung cancer cell line by targeting MCL1. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:677-83. [PMID: 23640248 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules, which post-transcriptionally regulate genes expression and play crucial roles in diverse biological processes, such as development, differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Here, we investigated the possible role of miRNAs in the development of drug resistance in human lung cancer cell line. We found that miR-135a/b were downregulated while MCL1 was upregulated in A549/CDDP (cisplatin) cells, compared with the parental A549 cells. In vitro drug sensitivity assay demonstrated that overexpression of miR-135a/b sensitized A549/CDDP cells to cisplatin. The luciferase activity of MCL1 3'-untranslated region-based reporter constructed in A549/CDDP cells suggested that MCL1 was the direct target gene of miR-135a/b. Enforced miR-135a/b expression reduced MCL1 protein level and sensitized A549/CDDP cells to CDDP-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings first suggested that hsa-miR-135a/b could play a role in the development of CDDP resistance in lung cancer cell line at least in part by modulation of apoptosis via targeting MCL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Growth-promoting role of the miR-106a~363 cluster in Ewing sarcoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63032. [PMID: 23638178 PMCID: PMC3637464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been identified as potent regulators of both normal development and the hallmarks of cancer. Targeting of microRNAs has been shown to have preclinical promise, and select miR-based therapies are now in clinical trials. Ewing Sarcoma is a biologically aggressive pediatric cancer with little change in clinical outcomes despite improved chemotherapeutic regimens. There is a substantial need for new therapies to improve Ewing Sarcoma outcomes and to prevent chemotherapy-related secondary sequelae. Most Ewing Sarcoma tumors are driven by the EWS/Fli-1 fusion oncoprotein, acting as a gain-of-function transcription factor causing dysregulation of a variety of targets, including microRNAs. Our previous studies, and those of others, have identified upregulation of miRs belonging to the related miR-17∼92a, miR-106b∼25, and miR-106a∼363 clusters in Ewing Sarcoma. However, the functional consequences of this have not been characterized, nor has miR blockade been explored as an anti-cancer strategy in Ewing Sarcoma. To simulate a potential therapeutic approach, we examined the effects of blockade of these clusters, and their component miRs. Using colony formation as a read-out, we find that blockade of selected individual cluster component miRs, using specific inhibitors, has little or no effect. Combinatorial inhibition using miR “sponge” methodology, on the other hand, is inhibitory to colony formation, with blockade of whole clusters generally more effective than blockade of miR families. We show that a miR-blocking sponge directed against the poorly characterized miR-106a∼363 cluster is a particularly potent inhibitor of clonogenic growth in a subset of Ewing Sarcoma cell lines. We further identify upregulation of miR-15a as a downstream mechanism contributing to the miR-106a∼363 sponge growth-inhibitory effect. Taken together, our studies provide support for a pro-oncogenic role of the miR-106a∼363 cluster in Ewing Sarcoma, and identify miR-106a∼363 blockade, as well as miR-15a replacement, as possible strategies for inhibition of Ewing Sarcoma growth.
Collapse
|
143
|
The importance of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway in the progression of ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8213-27. [PMID: 23591839 PMCID: PMC3645739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of death due to cancer in women despite being the tenth in incidence. Unfortunately, the five-year survival rate is only 45%, which has not improved much in the past 30 years. Even though the majority of women have successful initial therapy, the low rate of survival is due to the eventual recurrence and succumbing to their disease. With the recent release of the Cancer Genome Atlas for ovarian cancer, it was shown that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was one of the most frequently mutated or altered pathways in patients’ tumors. Researching how the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway affects the progression and tumorigensis of ovarian cancer will hopefully lead to new therapies that will increase survival for women. This review focuses on recent research on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its role in the progression and tumorigensis of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
144
|
Hazarika S, Farber CR, Dokun AO, Pitsillides AN, Wang T, Lye RJ, Annex BH. MicroRNA-93 controls perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia by modulating expression of multiple genes in the cell cycle pathway. Circulation 2013; 127:1818-28. [PMID: 23559675 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are key regulators of gene expression in response to injury, but there is limited knowledge of their role in ischemia-induced angiogenesis, such as in peripheral arterial disease. Here, we used an unbiased strategy and took advantage of different phenotypic outcomes that follow surgically induced hindlimb ischemia between inbred mouse strains to identify key microRNAs involved in perfusion recovery from hindlimb ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS From comparative microRNA profiling between inbred mouse strains that display profound differences in their extent of perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia, we found that the mouse strain with higher levels of microRNA-93 (miR-93) in hindlimb muscle before ischemia and the greater ability to upregulate miR-93 in response to ischemia had better perfusion recovery. In vitro, overexpression of miR-93 attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis in both endothelial and skeletal muscle cells and enhanced proliferation in both cell types. In addition, miR-93 overexpression enhanced endothelial cell tube formation. In vivo, miR-93 overexpression enhanced capillary density and perfusion recovery from hindlimb ischemia, and antagomirs to miR-93 attenuated perfusion recovery. Both in vitro and in vivo modulation of miR-93 resulted in alterations in the expression of >1 cell cycle pathway gene in 2 different cell types. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that miR-93 enhances perfusion recovery from hindlimb ischemia by modulation of multiple genes that coordinate the functional pathways of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, miR-93 is a strong potential target for pharmacological modulation to promote angiogenesis in ischemic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surovi Hazarika
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Greussing R, Hackl M, Charoentong P, Pauck A, Monteforte R, Cavinato M, Hofer E, Scheideler M, Neuhaus M, Micutkova L, Mueck C, Trajanoski Z, Grillari J, Jansen-Dürr P. Identification of microRNA-mRNA functional interactions in UVB-induced senescence of human diploid fibroblasts. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:224. [PMID: 23557329 PMCID: PMC4008267 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence can be induced by a variety of extrinsic stimuli, and sustained exposure to sunlight is a key factor in photoaging of the skin. Accordingly, irradiation of skin fibroblasts by UVB light triggers cellular senescence, which is thought to contribute to extrinsic skin aging, although molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we addressed molecular mechanisms underlying UVB induced senescence of human diploid fibroblasts. RESULTS We observed a parallel activation of the p53/p21(WAF1) and p16(INK4a)/pRb pathways. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we identified a transcriptional signature of UVB-induced senescence that was conserved in three independent strains of human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) from skin. In parallel, a comprehensive screen for microRNAs regulated during UVB-induced senescence was performed which identified five microRNAs that are significantly regulated during the process. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA-mRNA networks was performed to identify new functional mRNA targets with high confidence for miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-93, and miR-101. Already known targets of these miRNAs were identified in each case, validating the approach. Several new targets were identified for all of these miRNAs, with the potential to provide new insight in the process of UVB-induced senescence at a genome-wide level. Subsequent analysis was focused on miR-101 and its putative target gene Ezh2. We confirmed that Ezh2 is regulated by miR-101 in human fibroblasts, and found that both overexpression of miR-101 and downregulation of Ezh2 independently induce senescence in the absence of UVB irradiation. However, the downregulation of miR-101 was not sufficient to block the phenotype of UVB-induced senescence, suggesting that other UVB-induced processes induce the senescence response in a pathway redundant with upregulation of miR-101. CONCLUSION We performed a comprehensive screen for UVB-regulated microRNAs in human diploid fibroblasts, and identified a network of miRNA-mRNA interactions mediating UVB-induced senescence. In addition, miR-101 and Ezh2 were identified as key players in UVB-induced senescence of HDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Greussing
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Singh B, Ronghe AM, Chatterjee A, Bhat NK, Bhat HK. MicroRNA-93 regulates NRF2 expression and is associated with breast carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1165-72. [PMID: 23492819 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of approximately 60% of all human genes and play important roles in disease processes. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between dysregulated expression of miRNAs and breast carcinogenesis. Long-term estrogen exposure is implicated in development of human breast cancers, yet underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We have recently demonstrated that antioxidant vitamin C (vit C) prevents estrogen-induced breast tumor development. In this study, we investigated the role of vit C in the regulation of microRNA-93 (miR-93) and its target gene(s) in a rat model of mammary carcinogenesis. Female August Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats were treated with vit C in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol (E2) for 8 months. We demonstrate an increased expression of the miR-93 in E2-treated mammary tissues and in human breast cell lines and vit C treatment reverted E2-mediated increase in miR-93 levels. MiRNA target prediction programs suggest one of the target genes of miR-93 to be nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). In contrast with miR-93 expression, NRF2 protein expression was significantly decreased in E2-treated mammary tissues, mammary tumors, and in breast cancer cell lines, and its expression was significantly increased after vit C treatment. Ectopic expression of miR-93 decreased protein expression of NRF2 and NRF2-regulated genes. Furthermore, miR-93 decreased apoptosis, increased colony formation, mammosphere formation, cell migration and DNA damage in breast epithelial cells, whereas silencing of miR-93 in these cells inhibited these carcinogenic processes. Taken together, our findings suggest an oncogenic potential of miR-93 during E2-induced breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Abstract
AIM MicroRNA-93 (miR-93) has been shown to suppress proliferation and colony formation of colon cancer stem cells. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern and prognostic value of miR-93 in patients with colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative real-time PCR analysis was carried out to detect the expression levels of miR-93 in 138 paired samples of tumoral and nontumoral colon tissues diagnosed with colon cancer. Associations of miR-93 expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival were also examined. RESULTS miR-93 expression was significantly decreased in tumoral compared with nontumoral colon tissues (P<0.001). Low miR-93 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.02), positive nodal metastasis (P=0.006), and positive distant metastases (P=0.01). In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis by Cox regression showed that low miR-93 expression [hazard ratio (HR), 10.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-42.8, P=0.003] was associated closely with poor overall survival in patients with colon cancer. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that miR-93 decreased expression (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 0.8-17.2, P=0.02), advanced tumor stage (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.2-13.9, P=0.04), positive nodal metastasis (HR, 4.1; 95% CI, 0.7-16.8, P=0.02), and positive distant metastases (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 0.5-14.1, P=0.03) were independent risk factors for overall survival in patients with colon cancer. CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time that the downregulation of miR-93 was significantly correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic features and short overall survival in patients with colon cancer, suggesting that decreased expression of miR-93 be used as a novel prognostic factor for this disease.
Collapse
|
148
|
Zhi F, Cao X, Xie X, Wang B, Dong W, Gu W, Ling Y, Wang R, Yang Y, Liu Y. Identification of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for detecting acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56718. [PMID: 23437222 PMCID: PMC3577716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The disease is characterized by various cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities with distinct prognoses and gene expression profiles. Emerging evidence has suggested that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for cancer detection; however, little is known about circulating miRNA profiles in AML patients. In this study, a genome-wide serum miRNA expression analysis was performed using Solexa sequencing for initial screen, followed by validation with real-time PCR assays. The analysis was conducted on training and verification sets of serum samples from 140 newly diagnosed AML patients and 135 normal adult donors. After a two-phase selection and validation process, 6 miRNAs, miR-10a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-129-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181b-5p and miR-320d, were found to have significantly different expression levels in AML compared with control serum samples. Furthermore, unsupervised clustering analysis revealed the remarkable ability of the 6-miRNA profile to differentiate between AML patients and normal controls. The areas under the ROC curve for the selected miRNAs ranged from 0.8129 to 0.9531. More importantly, miR-181b-5p levels in serum were significantly associated with overall survival. These data demonstrated that the expression patterns of circulating miRNAs were systematically altered in AML and miR-181b-5p may serve as a predictor for overall survival in AML patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/blood
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Prognosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhi
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangshan Cao
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimin Dong
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiying Gu
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (YY)
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (YY)
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Xiang Y, Ma N, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wu G, Zhao R, Huang H, Wang X, Qiao Y, Li F, Han D, Wang L, Zhang G, Gao X. MiR-152 and miR-185 co-contribute to ovarian cancer cells cisplatin sensitivity by targeting DNMT1 directly: a novel epigenetic therapy independent of decitabine. Oncogene 2013; 33:378-86. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
150
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:99-104. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32835c1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|