101
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Ajila C, Prasada Rao U. Mango peel dietary fibre: Composition and associated bound phenolics. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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102
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Carvalho JM, Leandro KC, da Silva AR, Aucélio RQ. Selective Determination of Rutin by Fluorescence Attenuation of the CdS-2-mercaptopropionic Acid Nanocrystal Probe. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.704534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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103
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Bonesi M, Menichini F, De Luca D, Colica C, Menichini F. Evaluation of Citrus aurantifolia peel and leaves extracts for their chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2960-2967. [PMID: 22589172 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The replacement of synthetic antioxidants by safe natural antioxidants fosters research on the screening of vegetables and food as sources of new antioxidants. Moreover, oxidative degeneration of cells is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. On the basis of these considerations this work aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties [by using the diphenyl picryl hydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing ability of plasma assays, and the β-carotene bleaching test] and the anti-cholinesterase activity of Citrus aurantifolia peel and leaves from different areas of growth. RESULTS Methanol extracts of the peel and leaves demonstrated the strongest radical scavenging activity. A similar trend was observed with the reducing ability, with values from 112.1 to 146.0 µmol L(-1) Fe(II) g(-1). The relationship between phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was statistically investigated. Based on analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, the most abundant flavonoids found in C. aurantifolia extracts were apigenin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and nobiletin. n-Hexane fractions of both peel and leaves showed a good acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values in the range 91.4-107.4 µg mL(-1). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as most common components. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest a potential use of C. aurantifolia peel and leaves for supplements for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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104
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Bae H, Jayaprakasha GK, Crosby K, Jifon JL, Patil BS. Simultaneous quantification of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid from pungent peppers. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:412-8. [PMID: 23081967 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of simultaneous extraction and determination of bioactive molecules from natural products is becoming more popular. The present study reports the development of a method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of both capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid in peppers. Capsaicin (341.61 µg/g), dihydrocapsaicin (119.91 µg/g) and ascorbic acid (2,109.60 µg/g) were extracted with 3% metaphosphoric acid-ethanol (2:8) as a solvent. The efficient extraction of capsaicinoids (412.61 µg/g) and ascorbic acid (2,785.93 µg/g) was achieved at a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:8 after 30 minutes of sonication. Simultaneous separation of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid was achieved using a Gemini C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.03M phosphoric acid and methanol. Capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid were simultaneously detected at 282 and 254 nm, respectively. The recovery of capsaicinoids ranged from 96.21 to 108.71%, and the recovery of ascorbic acid ranged from 97.01 to 98.83%. The limits of detection for capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and ascorbic acid were 0.24, 0.21 and 0.26 µg, respectively. Relative standard deviation for the intra-day and inter-day variability in the results was less than 3%, indicating that the method produced highly reproducible results. Therefore, this method enables the reproducible, simultaneous separation and quantification of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid from peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Bae
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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105
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Wu GH, Wu YF, Liu XW, Rong MC, Chen XM, Chen X. An electrochemical ascorbic acid sensor based on palladium nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 745:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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106
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Abad-García B, Garmón-Lobato S, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. On line characterization of 58 phenolic compounds in Citrus fruit juices from Spanish cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 99:213-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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107
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Highly sensitive and simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and rutin at an acetylene black paste electrode coated with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide film. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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108
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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109
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Chen XJ, Zhao J, Wang YT, Huang LQ, Li SP. CE and CEC analysis of phytochemicals in herbal medicines. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:168-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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110
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Zhao J, Lv GP, Chen YW, Li SP. Advanced development in analysis of phytochemicals from medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7453-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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111
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Conjugates of 3α-methoxyserrat-14-en-21β-ol (PJ-1) and 3β-methoxyserrat-14-en-21β-ol (PJ-2) as cancer chemopreventive agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3368-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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112
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Tonelli D, Ballarin B, Guadagnini L, Mignani A, Scavetta E. A novel potentiometric sensor for l-ascorbic acid based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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113
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Chebrolu KK, Jayaprakasha G, Jifon J, Patil BS. Optimization of flavanones extraction by modulating differential solvent densities and centrifuge temperatures. Talanta 2011; 85:353-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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114
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Qian X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Tu Y. Separation/determination of flavonoids and ascorbic acid in rat serum and excrement by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. ANAL SCI 2011; 26:557-60. [PMID: 20467130 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of three flavonoids (naringenin, rutin, quercetin) and ascorbic acid. It was found that naringenin, rutin, quercetin and ascorbic acid were well separated within 5 min in borate buffer solution (pH 8.6, 24 mM). The detection limit was 1.0 microM for naringenin, 8.0 microM for rutin, 2.0 microM for ascorbic acid and 0.5 microM for quercetin. The protocol was successfully applied for the determination of the analytes in rat serum and excrement. Recovery results ranged from 90.9 to 108.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Qian
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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115
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Tao NG, Shi WQ, Liu YJ, Huang SR. Production of feed enzymes from citrus processing waste by solid-state fermentation with Eupenicillium javanicum. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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116
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Tesio AY, Granero AM, Fernández H, Zón MA. Characterization of the surface redox process of adsorbed morin at glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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117
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Bermejo A, Pardo J, Cano A. Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Seedless Citrus Production: Pollen Germination and Fruit Quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2011.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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118
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Mohammadian MA, Mobrami Z, Sajedi RH. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities in the flavedo tissue of two citrus cultivars under low temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202011000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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119
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Yang Z, Li Z, Zhu J, Wang Q, He P, Fang Y. Use of different buffers for detection and separation in determination of physio-active components in oolong tea infusion by CZE with amperometric detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1312-8. [PMID: 20309896 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With a view of simultaneous determination of physio-active ingredients in oolong tea infusion: sugars, amino acids, epigallocatechin gallate and ascorbic acid, a novel CZE with amperometric detection method was studied. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, 100 mmol/L NaOH was used in detecting cell to lead the electrocatalysis oxidation behaviors of the analytes on a 300 mum diameter copper-disc electrode (working electrode), while in separating capillary, a mild alkaline running buffer consisting in a mixture of 30 mmol/L borate and 40 mmol/L phosphates charged and carried analytes to detecting end. The methodology research was performed for system stability and suitability. Under the optimal CE conditions, analytes could be separated within moderate time period. Good linearity between peak area and concentration existed over three orders of magnitude; lower RSD and LOD were achieved. The oolong tea infusion was assayed and result was satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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120
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Application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods to determine antioxidant phenolic compounds from plant food material. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1130-60. [PMID: 20719447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are one of the most common active ingredients of nutritionally functional foods which can play an important role in the prevention of oxidation and cellular damage inhibiting or delaying the oxidative processes. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the application of antioxidants to medical treatment as information is constantly gathered linking the development of human diseases to oxidative stress. Within antioxidants, phenolic molecules are an important category of compounds, commonly present in a wide variety of plant food materials. Their correct determination is pivotal nowadays and involves their extraction from the sample, analytical separation, identification, quantification and interpretation of the data. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about all the necessary steps of any analytical procedure to achieve the determination of phenolic compounds from plant matrices, paying particular attention to the application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods. Since it is quite complicated to establish a classification of plant food material, and to structure the current review, we will group the different matrices as follows: fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and medicinal plants, beverages, vegetable oils, cereals, legumes and nuts and other matrices (including cocoa beans and bee products). At the end of the overview, we include two sections to explain the usefulness of the data about phenols provided by capillary electrophoresis and the newest trends.
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121
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Residue analysis of melamine in milk products by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with amperometric detection. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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122
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FIA potentiometric system based on periodate polymeric membrane sensors for the assessment of ascorbic acid in commercial drinks. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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123
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André C, Castanheira I, Cruz J, Paseiro P, Sanches-Silva A. Analytical strategies to evaluate antioxidants in food: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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124
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A highly selective amperometric sensor for ascorbic acid based on mesopore-rich active carbon-modified pyrolytic graphite electrode. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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125
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Yang Z, Zhang L, Li G, Wang Q, He P, Fang Y. Simultaneous Analysis of Sugars and Polyphenols in Tobacco by CZE with Amperometric Detection Based on a Cu2O/MWCNT-COOH Composite Electrode. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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126
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Asensio-Ramos M, Hernández-Borges J, Rocco A, Fanali S. Food analysis: A continuous challenge for miniaturized separation techniques. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3764-800. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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127
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Sims MJ, Li Q, Kachoosangi RT, Wildgoose GG, Compton RG. Using multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrodes for the adsorptive striping voltammetric determination of hesperidin. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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128
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González-Molina E, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Natural bioactive compounds of Citrus limon for food and health. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 51:327-45. [PMID: 19748198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Citrus genus is the most important fruit tree crop in the world and lemon is the third most important Citrus species. Several studies highlighted lemon as an important health-promoting fruit rich in phenolic compounds as well as vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, essential oils and carotenoids. Lemon fruit has a strong commercial value for the fresh products market and food industry. Moreover, lemon productive networks generate high amounts of wastes and by-products that constitute an important source of bioactive compounds with potential for animal feed, manufactured foods, and health care. This review focuses on the phytochemistry and the analytical aspects of lemon compounds as well as on the importance for food industry and the relevance of Citrus limon for nutrition and health, bringing an overview of what is published on the bioactive compounds of this fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Molina
- Lab Fitoquímica, Dept Ciéncia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Apdo 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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129
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WANG ZHIDAN, SHANG QINGKUN, WANG WENLAN, FENG XUEJIAO. MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF FLAVONOIDS FROM GRAPEFRUIT PEEL. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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130
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Biesaga M, Pyrzynska K. Analytical Procedures for Determination of Quercetin and its Glycosides in Plant Material. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340902820718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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131
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Martí N, Mena P, Cánovas JA, Micol V, Saura D. Vitamin C and the Role of Citrus Juices as Functional Food. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on the content and stability of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) in citrus juices in relation to industrial practices is reviewed. The role of vitamin C from citrus juices in human diet is also reviewed. Citrus fruits and juices are rich in several types of bioactive compounds. Their antioxidant activity and related benefits derive not only from vitamin C but also from other phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids. During juice processing, temperature and oxygen are the main factors responsible for vitamin C losses. Nonthermal processed juices retain higher levels of vitamin C, but economic factors apparently delay the use of such methods in the citrus industry. Regarding packing material, vitamin C in fruit juice is quite stable when stored in metal or glass containers, whereas juice stored in plastic bottles has a much shorter shelf-life. The limiting step for vitamin C absorption in humans is transcellular active transport across the intestinal wall where AA may be oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), which is easily transported across the cell membrane and immediately reduced back to AA by two major pathways. AA bioavailability in the presence of flavonoids has yielded controversial results. Whereas flavonoids seem to inhibit intestinal absorption of AA, some studies have shown that AA in citrus extract was more available than synthetic ascorbic acid alone. DHAA is reported to possess equivalent biological activity to AA, so recent studies often consider the vitamin C activity in the diet as the sum of AA plus DHAA. However, this claimed equivalence should be carefully reexamined. Humans are one of the few species lacking the enzyme (L-gulonolactone oxidase, GLO) to convert glucose to vitamin C. It has been suggested that this is due to a mutation that provided a survival advantage to early primates, since GLO produces toxic H2O2. Furthermore, the high concentration of AA (and DHAA) in neural tissues could have been the key factor that caused primates (vertebrates with relative big brain) to lose the capacity to synthesize vitamin C. Oxidative damage has many pathological implications in human health, and AA may play a central role in maintaining the metabolic antioxidant response. The abundance of citrus juices in the Mediterranean diet may provide the main dietary source for natural vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martí
- Unidad Mixta JBT Corp.-IBMC. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante. Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Unidad Mixta JBT Corp.-IBMC. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante. Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Cánovas
- Unidad Mixta JBT Corp.-IBMC. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante. Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Unidad Mixta JBT Corp.-IBMC. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante. Spain
| | - Domingo Saura
- Unidad Mixta JBT Corp.-IBMC. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante. Spain
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132
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Corradini C, Borromei C, Cavazza A, Merusi C, De Rossi A, Nicoletti I. Determination of Flavanones in Citrus Byproducts and Nutraceutical Products by a Validated RP-HPLC Method. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902901374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Corradini
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Borromei
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Cavazza
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Merusi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica , Chimica Analitica , Chimica Fisica, Parma, Italy
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133
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Civit L, Nassef HM, Fragoso A, O'Sullivan CK. Amperometric determination of ascorbic acid in real samples using a disposable screen-printed electrode modified with electrografted o-aminophenol film. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10452-5. [PMID: 18950182 DOI: 10.1021/jf802536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is an antioxidant considered to play a crucial role in human health. Therefore, diverse methods for the determination of AA in foods have been developed, most of them time-consuming and requiring costly instrumentation. A simple and sensitive method for the quantification of AA in fresh fruits and vegetables and commercial juices using an amperometric sensor is presented on the basis of disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) modified with an o-aminophenol (o-AP) film selective for the detection of AA. The sensor exhibited a linear response for AA from 2-20 microM, with a correlation coefficient r2 = 0.998 and a limit of detection of 0.86 microM. Common possible interferents of the sample matrices were tested, and results showed high selectivity of the o-AP SPEs toward AA. The sensor exhibited an excellent reproducibility (RSD% = 1.98, n = 8) and surface stability. The method was validated by a comparison to a reference method, and excellent correlation is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Civit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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134
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Determination of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrochemical Detection. SENSORS 2008; 8:7097-7112. [PMID: 27873917 PMCID: PMC3787433 DOI: 10.3390/s8117097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, ascorbate, AA) is a water soluble organic compound that participates in many biological processes. The main aim of this paper was to utilize two electrochemical detectors (amperometric - Coulouchem III and coulometric - CoulArray) coupled with flow injection analysis for the detection of ascorbic acid. Primarily, we optimized the experimental conditions. The optimized conditions were as follows: detector potential 100 mV, temperature 25 °C, mobile phase 0.09% TFA:ACN, 3:97 (v/v) and flow rate 0.13 mL·min-1. The tangents of the calibration curves were 0.3788 for the coulometric method and 0.0136 for the amperometric one. The tangent of the calibration curve measured by the coulometric detector was almost 30 times higher than the tangent measured by the amperometric detector. Consequently, we coupled a CoulArray electrochemical detector with high performance liquid chromatography and estimated the detection limit for AA as 90 nM (450 fmol per 5 μL injection). The method was used for the determination of vitamin C in a pharmaceutical preparations (98 ± 2 mg per tablet), in oranges (Citrus aurantium) (varied from 30 to 56 mg/100 g fresh weight), in apples (Malus sp.) (varied from 11 to 19 mg/100 g fresh weight), and in human blood serum (varied from 38 to 78 μM). The recoveries were also determined.
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135
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Kumar A, Malik AK, Tewary DK. A new method for determination of myricetin and quercetin using solid phase microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet/visible system in grapes, vegetables and red wine samples. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 631:177-81. [PMID: 19084623 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the extraction and determination of myricetin and quercetin by using SPME-HPLC-UV system has been developed. The method involves adsorption of flavonoids on CAR/TPR fiber followed by desorption in the desorption chamber of SPME-HPLC interface using citrate buffer (0.001 M):acetonitrile (70:30) as mobile phase and UV detection at 372 nm. The detection limits for myricetin and quercetin are 48.3 and 24.7 pgmL(-1), respectively. The proposed method was validated by determining myricetin and quercetin in tomato, onion, grapes and red wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India
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136
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Ganzera M. Quality control of herbal medicines by capillary electrophoresis: Potential, requirements and applications. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3489-503. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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137
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138
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El‐Hady DA, Gotti R, El‐Maali NA. Selective determination of catechin, epicatechin and ascorbic acid in human urine using chiral capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2252-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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139
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Nojavan S, Khalilian F, Kiaie FM, Rahimi A, Arabanian A, Chalavi S. Extraction and quantitative determination of ascorbic acid during different maturity stages of Rosa canina L. fruit. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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140
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Gorbatsova J, Lõugas T, Vokk R, Kaljurand M. Comparison of the contents of various antioxidants of sea buckthorn berries using CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:4136-42. [PMID: 17955453 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The increased interest in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) made it possible to investigate the antioxidant content in it. To address this issue, the presence of following antioxidant compounds were analyzed: trans-resveratrol, catechin, myricetin, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, L-ascorbic acid (AA), and gallic acid (linear range of 50-150 micromol/L) in six different varieties of sea buckthorn berries extracts (sea buckthorn varieties: "Trofimovskaja (TR)," "Podarok Sadu (PS)," and "Avgustinka (AV),") received from two local Estonian companies. Trans-Resveratrol, catechin, AA, myricetin, and quercetin were found in extracts of sea buckthorn. Moreover, AA, myricetin, and quercetin contents were quantified. The biggest average AA content was found in TR (740 mg/100 g of dried berries, respectively). Furthermore, the same varieties gave the biggest quercetin content 116 mg/100 g of dried berries, respectively. For analysis, CZE was used and the results were partly validated by HPLC. Statistically no big differences in levels of antioxidants were consistently found in different varieties of sea buckthorn extracts investigated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Gorbatsova
- Department of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
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141
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142
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Sun Y, Fang N, Chen DD, Donkor KK. Determination of potentially anti-carcinogenic flavonoids in wines by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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143
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Liu EH, Qi LW, Cao J, Li P, Li CY, Peng YB. Advances of modern chromatographic and electrophoretic methods in separation and analysis of flavonoids. Molecules 2008; 13:2521-44. [PMID: 18927516 PMCID: PMC6245463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites, are widespread in vegetable crops such as herbs, fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds and derived foods such as juices, wines, oils, etc. They receive considerable attention due to their biological and physiological importance. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of flavonoids have appeared over the past decade. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the recent development and trends of separation, identification and quantification for flavonoids by modern chromatographic and spectrophotometric analytical techniques, including gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The sample preparation before analysis is also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Hu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines-China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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144
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Chen R, Cheng H, Wu W, Ai X, Huang W, Wang Z, Cheng J. Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions by CE with amperometric detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3347-61. [PMID: 17847134 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis has become a widely useful analytical technology. Amperometric detection is extensively employed in capillary electrophoresis for its many inherent virtues, such as rapid response, remarkable sensitivity, and low cost of both detectors and instrumentations. Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions by capillary electrophoresis is an important research field. This review focuses on the recent developments of capillary electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection for analysis of inorganic and small organic ions. Advancements in electrophoresis separation modes, amperometric detection modes, working electrodes, and applications of inorganic ions, amino acids, phenols, and amines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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145
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Yang GJ, Liu P, Qu XL, Xu MJ, Qu QS, Wang CY, Hu XY, Wang ZY. The simultaneous separation and determination of six flavonoids and troxerutin in rat urine and chicken plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet–visible detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 856:222-8. [PMID: 17588830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-vis detection was used and validated for the simultaneous determination of six flavonoids (puerarin, rutin, morin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol) and troxerutin in rat urine and chicken plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed using a VP-ODS column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5.0 microm) maintained at 35.0 degrees C. The mobile phase was a mixture of water, methanol and acetic acid (57:43:1, v/v/v, pH 3.0) at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Six flavonoids and troxerutin were analyzed simultaneously with good separation. On optimum conditions, calibration curves were found to be linear with the ranges of 0.10-70.00 microg/mL (puerarin, rutin, morin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol) and 0.50-350.00 microg/mL (troxerutin). The detection limits were 0.010-0.050 microg/mL. The method was validated for accuracy and precision, and it was successfully applied to determine drug concentrations in rat urine and chicken plasma samples from rat and chicken that had been orally administered with six flavonoids and troxerutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jun Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, PR China.
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146
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Zhu J, Yu K, Chen X, Hu Z. Comparison of two sample preconcentration strategies for the sensitivity enhancement of flavonoids found in Chinese herbal medicine in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1166:191-200. [PMID: 17723234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two on-column preconcentration techniques named stacking with reverse migrating micelles (SRMM) and anion selective electrokinetic injection and a water plug-sweeping with reverse migrating micelles (ASIW-sweep-RMM) were used and compared for concentration and separation of flavonoids in Chinese herbs using reverse migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography (RM-MEKC). The optimal background electrolyte (BGE) used for separation and preconcentration was a solution composed of 20mM phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4))-100mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-20% (v/v) acetonitrile (ACN) buffer (pH 2.0), the applied voltage was -15kV. To achieve reasonable results of the two techniques, the conditions which affected preconcentration were examined. A comparison of used techniques with normal hydrodynamic injection (5s), concerning enhancement factors and limits of detection (LODs) was presented. Under the optimum stacking conditions, about 27-37- and 45-194-fold improvement in the detection sensitivity was obtained for SRMM and ASIW-sweep-RMM, respectively, compared to usual hydrodynamic sample injection (5s). The LODs (S/N=3) for SRMM and ASIW-sweep-RMM in terms of peak height, can reach down to 1.15 x 10(-2) microg/ml for hesperetin and 2.4 x 10(-3) microg/ml for nobiletin, respectively. Finally, the amounts of the six flavonoids in extract of Fructus aurantii Immaturus were successfully determined using ASIW-sweep-RMM. The six analytes were baseline separated with sample matrix under the optimum ASIW-sweep-RMM conditions and the experimental results showed that preconcentration was well achieved after the dilution of sample solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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147
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Dong S, Zhang S, Cheng X, He P, Wang Q, Fang Y. Simultaneous determination of sugars and ascorbic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection at a carbon paste electrode modified with polyethylene glycol and Cu2O. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:327-33. [PMID: 17574259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a kind of novel carbon paste electrode modified with double modifiers-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Cu(2)O (PEG/Cu(2)O CPME) in capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CZE-AD) was applied to simultaneously determine three sugars: glucose, sucrose, fructose and ascorbic acid (AA). The catalytic electrochemical properties of PEG/Cu(2)O CPME could enhance sensitivity obviously compared with carbon paste electrode modified with only PEG or Cu(2)O at a relatively lower detection potential (+0.3 V versus SCE). Especially, the electrochemical detection response of AA increased obviously to the same level of saccharides by adding PEG into the Cu(2)O carbon paste modified electrode. The four analytes could be perfectly separated within 22 min, the linear ranges were from 1.0 x 10 (-6) to 5.0 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) and the detection limits were at 10(-7) mol L(-1) magnitude (S/N=3). The present working electrode was successfully employed to analyse beverage samples with recoveries in the range 93-107% and RSDs less than 4%. Above results demonstrated that capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with the PEG/Cu(2)O carbon paste modified electrode was of convenient preparation, high sensitivity, good repeatability and could be used in the rapid determination of practical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Dong
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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148
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Chen L, Ding L, Yu A, Yang R, Wang X, Li J, Jin H, Zhang H. Continuous determination of total flavonoids in Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco by dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with on-line derivatization and ultraviolet–visible detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 596:164-70. [PMID: 17616254 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new method for the determination of total flavonoids in Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. The method was based on dynamic microwave-assisted extraction (DMAE) coupled with on-line derivatization and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) detection. The influence of the experimental conditions was tested. Maximum extraction yield was achieved using 80% aqueous methanol of extraction solvent; 80 W of microwave output power; 5 min of extraction time; 1.0 mL min(-1) of extraction solvent flow rate. The derivatization reaction between aluminium chloride and flavonoid is one of the most sensitive and selective reactions for total flavonoids determination. The optimized derivatization conditions are as follows: derivatization reagent 1.5% aluminium chloride methanol solution; reaction coil length 100 cm; derivatization reagent flow rate 1.5 mL min(-1). The detection and quantification limits obtained are 0.28 and 0.92 mg g(-1), respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (R.S.D.) obtained are 1.5% and 4.6%, respectively. Mean recovery is 98.5%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of total flavonoids in P. orientalis (L.) Franco and compared with heat reflux extraction. The results showed that the higher extraction yield of total flavonoids was obtained by DMAE with shorter extraction time (5 min) and small quantity of extraction solvent (5 mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
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149
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SERDAROĞLU MELTEM, ABDRAIMOV KYIALBEK, ÖNENÇ ALPER. THE EFFECTS OF MARINATING WITH CITRIC ACID SOLUTIONS AND GRAPEFRUIT JUICE ON COOKING AND EATING QUALITY OF TURKEY BREAST. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2007.00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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