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Extraction, Chemical Characterization, In Vitro Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Activity of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Meal. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canola (Brassica napus L.) meal is a by-product after oil extraction from canola seed and is of relatively low value. This meal may have additional value in the biotechnology, food, and pharmaceutical industries if health-promoting useful bioactive compounds can be identified. Hence, seven canola meal extracts (CMEs) were generated using different organic solvents for two genotypes. HPLC and LCMS analyses were employed for the determination of the phenolic and antioxidant activity of meal extracts, including recovery of major biological compounds. When comparing genotype-1 with genotype-2, the latter had higher antioxidant activity in acetone extract (AE). This study also indicated seven major glucosinolates in CMEs in which water (WE) appeared to be the best solvent for the recovery of glucosinolates. Higher quantities of phenolic, glucosinolate, and antioxidant were present in genotype-2 compared with genotype-1. Using HPLC-DAD and LC-MS analysis 47 compounds were detected. We could identify 32 compounds in canola meal extracts: nine glucosinolates and twenty-three phenolic derivatives. Phenolic compounds in canola meal were conjugates and derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapic, ferulic, and caffeic acids). Among phenolics, kaempherol as conjugate with sinapic acid was found; sinapine and trans-sinapic acid were the most abundant, as well as major contributors to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of canola meal extracts. Some samples exhibited mild to moderate in-vitro antidiabetic activity in a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV inhibition assay.
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Zheng Y, Xu B, Shi P, Tian H, Li Y, Wang X, Wu S, Liang P. The influences of acetylation, hydroxypropylation, enzymatic hydrolysis and crosslinking on improved adsorption capacities and in vitro hypoglycemic properties of millet bran dietary fibre. Food Chem 2022; 368:130883. [PMID: 34438179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acetylation, hydroxypropylation, cellulase hydrolysis and crosslinking on adsorption capacities and in vitro hypoglycemic activities of millet bran dietary fibre (MBDF) were studied. The results demonstrated that both acetylation and hydroxypropylation improved water swelling ability of MBDF, and adsorption capacities of cholesterol, cholate and copper ion on MBDF. Acetylation and hydroxypropylation also enhanced α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities, glucose-binding ability and glucose diffusion retardation index (GDRI) of MBDF. Acetylated MBDF showed the highest cholate (77.31 mg/g) and cholesterol (13.97 mg/g) adsorption capacities. The crosslinking improved adsorption of cholate, cholesterol, copper ion (25.64 mg/g) and nitrite ion (181.59 μg/g) on MBDF; but reduced α-amylase inhibition activity (p < 0.05). Moreover, cellulase hydrolyzed MBDF exhibited the highest GDRI (39.60%) and α-amylase inhibition activity (34.53%), but the lowest oil and cholate adsorption capacities. The results suggest that the modified MBDFs can be used as an ingredient of hypoglycemic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China.
| | - Bufan Xu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Panqi Shi
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Song Wu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
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103
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Aremu AO, Moyo M. Health benefits and biological activities of spiny monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam.): An African indigenous fruit tree. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114704. [PMID: 34601082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spiny monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam.) is an African endemic fruit tree that is widely consumed by humans and animals for its nutritional value. In folk medicine, different parts of S. spinosa are widely used for the management of the health and well-being of humans and livestock. AIM We provide a critical appraisal on the ethnobotanical uses, nutritional and pytochemical as well as the biological activities of S. spinosa. METHODS Articles were mined from online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO and SpringerLink. We captured research outputs that aligned with the scope of the review. RESULTS Strychnos spinosa remains a commonly consumed fruit due to its high nutritional (e.g. carbohydrates, crude protein and fats) content and energy. In folk medicine, different parts of S. spinosa are prescribed as remedy for diverse medical conditions especially for treating malaria, diabetes, snakebites, skin-related conditions and sexually transmitted infections in humans as well as sleeping sickness in livestock. Together with essential oils, more than 25 compounds have been profiled using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and approximately 45 compounds have been isolated and structurally elucidated using diverse spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible, Infrared (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Strychnos spinosa exerts varying degrees of biological activities against different microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and parasites (plasmodia, trypanosomes and ticks) responsible for many diseases in humans and livestock. Furthermore, low to moderate enzyme-inhibitory effects of S. spinosa extracts suggest its ability to mitigate pains, inflammations and diabetics as well as snakebite venom. Increasing evidence from the in vivo studies support the use of the plant as a popular remedy for managing diabetics in folk medicine. The low cytotoxic effect of the plant extracts against different cell lines could be an indication of its relative safety. CONCLUSION Strychnos spinosa exhibits various health-promoting benefits due to its diverse nutritional and phytochemical constituents. Given that the majority of the existing evidence on these aforementioned therapeutic properties and safety are in vitro-based, the clinical significance of these results remain limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2790, North West Province, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Brito RM, Barcia MT, Farias CAA, Zambiazi RC, de Marchi PGF, Fujimori M, Honorio-França AC, França EL, Pertuzatti PB. Bioactive compounds of pequi pulp and oil extracts modulate antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity in cocultured blood mononuclear cells and breast cancer cells. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8282. [PMID: 35173567 PMCID: PMC8809075 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) is a fruit from Brazilian Cerrado rich in bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols and tocopherols, which can modulate the death of cancer cells. Objective In the present study, the main bioactive compounds of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of pequi oil and pulp were identified and were verified if they exert modulatory effects on oxidative stress of mononuclear cells cocultured with MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Study design Identification and quantification of the main compounds and classes of bioactive compounds in pequi pulp and oil, hydrophilic, and lipophilic extracts were performed using spectroscopy and liquid chromatographic methods, while the beneficial effects, such as antioxidant capacity in vitro, were determined using methods based on single electron transfer reaction or hydrogen atom transfer, while for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities ex vivo, 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MN) were collected, and cellular viability assay by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide), superoxide anion evaluation, and CuZn-superoxide dismutase determination (CuZn-SOD) in MN cells, MCF-7 cells, and coculture of MN cells and MCF-7 cells in the presence and absence of pequi pulp or oil hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts were performed. Results In the hydrophilic extract, the pequi pulp presented the highest phenolic content, while in the oil lipophilic extract, it had the highest content of carotenoids. The main phytosterol in pequi oil was β-sitosterol (10.22 mg/g), and the main tocopherol was γ-tocopherol (26.24 μg/g sample). The extracts that had highest content of bioactive compounds stimulated blood mononuclear cells and also improved SOD activity. By evaluating the extracts against MCF-7 cells and coculture, they showed cytotoxic activity. Conclusion The results support the anticarcinogenic activity of pequi extracts, in which the pequi pulp hydrophilic extracts presented better immunomodulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Moraes Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Básicas e Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carla Andressa Almeida Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rui Carlos Zambiazi
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gelli Feres de Marchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Básicas e Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Mahmi Fujimori
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Básicas e Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Adenilda Cristina Honorio-França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Básicas e Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luzia França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Básicas e Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Paula Becker Pertuzatti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Parasitologia Básicas e Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Paula Becker Pertuzatti, Av. Valdon Varjao 6390, Setor Industrial,78600-000, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil. Tel: +55 66 34020733.
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Frankowski J, Przybylska-Balcerek A, Stuper-Szablewska K. Concentration of Pro-Health Compound of Sorghum Grain-Based Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020216. [PMID: 35053948 PMCID: PMC8774765 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 35% of the world sorghum seed production is a human food source. The main ingredient of fully ripe sorghum grains is starch. Sorghum does not contain gluten, and it is also a rich source of antioxidant compounds other than vitamins or macro- and microelements, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and sterols. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and the content of selected bioactive compounds, i.e., total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, and total phytosterols, as well as determination of the qualitative and quantitative profile of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phytosterols in various food products, the basic ingredient of which was sorghum grain. It was found that antioxidant activity is related to the total phenolic compounds content. The ABTS•+ ranged from 319 to 885 µmol TROLOX/kg. However, white sorghum grain flour contained almost two times more polyphenols than red sorghum grain flour. The FPA ranged from 224 in raw pasta to 689 mgGAE/100 g in white sorghum grain. During this study, the quantitative profile of selected polyphenols in grain flour, wafers, pasta, and cookies containing sorghum grain was also investigated, as well as the content of 11 selected phenolic acids. Total content of the latter ranged from 445 to 2850 mg/kg. Phytosterols such as beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol were found in all the analyzed products. Based on this research, it was investigated that the products containing sorghum grains can be classified as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Frankowski
- Department of Bioeconomy, Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants-National Research Institute, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Przybylska-Balcerek
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-101 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-101 Poznań, Poland;
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106
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Catalkaya G, Guldiken B, Capanoglu E. Encapsulation of anthocyanin-rich extract from black chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa) pomace by spray drying using different coating materials. Food Funct 2022; 13:11579-11591. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to encapsulate the anthocyanin-rich extract from black chokeberry pomace by using maltodextrin with different DE values as the base coating material and its blends with gum Arabic, xanthan gum or whey protein isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Catalkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Guldiken
- Botaneco Inc., 2985 23rd Avenue NE, Calgary, AB, T1Y 7L3, Canada
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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107
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Food biotechnology: Innovations and challenges. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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108
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Sęczyk Ł, Król B, Kołodziej B. Wheat rolls fortified with Greek oregano ( Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) leaves – phytochemical changes during processing and simulated digestion, nutrient digestibility, and functional properties. Food Funct 2022; 13:7781-7793. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fortification with Greek oregano affects in vitro bioaccessibility of phytochemicals, protein and starch digestibility, and functional properties of wheat rolls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Sęczyk
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Król
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Kołodziej
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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109
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Natural diversity in fatty acids profiles and antioxidant properties of sumac fruits (Rhus coriaria L.): Selection of preferable populations for food industries. Food Chem 2021; 374:131757. [PMID: 34920406 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The current study screened the oil content, fatty acids profile, and antioxidant properties of twelve Iranian sumac fruit accessions. The oil contents were variable among the investigated populations (ranging from 5.15 to 16.70%). Oleic acid (32.3-47.41%), palmitic acid (18.90-36.29%), and linoleic acid (10.31-35.39%) were the predominant fatty acids in the oil samples. According to principal component and cluster analysis, sumac germplasms were categorized into three groups: i.e., group I (five populations rich in linoleic acid), group II (four populations rich in oleic acid), group III (three populations rich in palmitic acid). The highest fruits weight, oil percentage, and linoleic acid content was obtained from Arasbaran population. Arasbaran population possessed the highest ∑PUSFA (i.e, 34.53%) and ∑UNSFA: ∑SFA ratio. Meanwhile, Paveh population possessed the highest antioxidant attributes. Such variabilities provide the possibility of using elite populations containing a high ratio of unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant compounds in the food industry.
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110
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American pale Ale craft beer: Influence of brewer's yeast strains on the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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111
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Berry polyphenols and human health: evidence of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, microbiota modulation, and cell-protecting effects. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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112
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Effects of Different Pilot-Scale Milling Methods on Bioactive Components and End-Use Properties of Whole Wheat Flour. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112857. [PMID: 34829138 PMCID: PMC8623663 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits from consumption of whole wheat products are widely recognized. This study investigated the effects of different pilot-scale milling methods on physicochemical properties, bioactive components, Chinese steamed bread (CSB), and Chinese leavened pancakes (CLP) qualities of whole wheat flour (WWF). The results indicated that WWF-1 from the reconstitution of brans processed by a hammer mill had the best CSB and CLP quality overall. WWF from entire grain grinding by a jet mill (65 Hz) contained the highest concentration of bioactive components including dietary fibers (DF) and phenolic acids. A finer particle size did not necessarily result in a higher content of phenolic antioxidants in WWF. DF contents and damaged starch were negatively correlated with CSB and CLP quality. Compromised reduced quality observed in CLP made from WWF indicated its potentially higher acceptance as a whole-grain product.
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113
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Apak R, Calokerinos A, Gorinstein S, Segundo MA, Hibbert DB, Gülçin İ, Demirci Çekiç S, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Çelik SE, Magalhães LM, Arancibia-Avila P. Methods to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidants toward reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This project was aimed to identify the quenching chemistry of biologically important reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, including radicals), to show antioxidant action against reactive species through H‐atom and electron transfer reactions, and to evaluate the ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants with existing analytical methods while emphasizing the underlying chemical principles and advantages/disadvantages of these methods. In this report, we focused on the applications and impact of existing assays on potentiating future research and innovations to evolve better methods enabling a more comprehensive study of different aspects of antioxidants and to provide a vocabulary of terms related to antioxidants and scavengers for ROS/RNS. The main methods comprise the scavenging activity measurement of the hydroxyl radical (•OH), dioxide(•1–) (O2
•–: commonly known as the superoxide radical), dihydrogen dioxide (H2O2: commonly known as hydrogen peroxide), hydroxidochlorine (HOCl: commonly known as hypochlorous acid), dioxidooxidonitrate(1–) (ONOO−: commonly known as the peroxynitrite anion), and the peroxyl radical (ROO•). In spite of the diversity of methods, there is currently a great need to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidant compounds in vivo and in vitro. In addition, there are unsatisfactory methods frequently used, such as non-selective UV measurement of H2O2 scavenging, producing negative errors due to incomplete reaction of peroxide with flavonoids in the absence of transition metal ion catalysts. We also discussed the basic mechanisms of spectroscopic and electrochemical nanosensors for measuring ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants, together with leading trends and challenges and a wide range of applications. This project aids in the identification of reactive species and quantification of scavenging extents of antioxidants through various assays, makes the results comparable and more understandable, and brings a more rational basis to the evaluation of these assays and provides a critical evaluation of existing ROS/RNS scavenging assays to analytical, food chemical, and biomedical/clinical communities by emphasizing the need for developing more refined, rapid, simple, and low‐cost assays and thus opening the market for a wide range of analytical instruments, including reagent kits and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Antony Calokerinos
- Department of Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Sciences , Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Marcela Alves Segundo
- Department of Chemical Sciences , LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - David Brynn Hibbert
- New South Wales University, School of Chemistry , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Sema Demirci Çekiç
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry , Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Saliha Esin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Luís M. Magalhães
- Department of Chemical Sciences , LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - Patricia Arancibia-Avila
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas , Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Microalgas, Universidad del Bio-Bio , Chillán , Chile
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de Moura C, Kabbas Junior T, Pedreira FRDO, Azevedo L, Furtado MM, Sant'Ana AS, Franchin M, Gonzaga VR, Cui Y, Wen M, Zhang L, Pereira RP, Granato D. Purple tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) leaves as a potential functional ingredient: From extraction of phenolic compounds to cell-based antioxidant/biological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112668. [PMID: 34774677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A statistical optimization study was used to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from green tea derived from purple leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Simultaneous optimization was applied, and a combination of 60 °C, 15 min, and a mass-solvent ratio of 1 g of dehydrated purple leaves to 62.3 mL of an ethanol/citric acid solution, were determined as the ideal extraction conditions. The optimized extract of purple tea leaves (OEPL) contained showed stability in relation to variations in pH, and lyophilized OEPL exerted cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against cancerous cells (A549 and HCT8), demonstrated antimicrobial activity towards Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12288), inhibition of α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes and reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CXCL2/MIP-2, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thus, our results provide a broad assessment of the bioactivity of "green" extracts obtained by a simple and low-cost process using non-toxic solvents, and they have the potential to be used for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane de Moura
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Tufy Kabbas Junior
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rafaelly de O Pedreira
- LANTIN - Nutritional and Toxicological Analysis in vivo Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- LANTIN - Nutritional and Toxicological Analysis in vivo Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Marianna M Furtado
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Yuqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Romaiana P Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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Jumaa RS, Abdulmajeed DI, Karim AJ. Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs. Vet World 2021; 14:2971-2978. [PMID: 35017846 PMCID: PMC8743771 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2971-2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Infectious bursal disease attacks the poultry industry, mainly young chickens, causing immunosuppression, and death with high economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of Quercus infectoria (QI), Citrus aurantifolia (CiA), and Coffea arabica (CoA) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental design consisted of three sets of ECEs at 11 days of age, and each set included seven groups (G1-G7). The extracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were inoculated to ECEs by the chorioallantoic membrane method before, in concomitant (mixed) with, and after IBDV infection to the first, second, and third sets, respectively. The monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were given at 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations to G1-G3, G4-G6, and G7, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction identified and confirmed the virus in accordance with the pathological changes. RESULTS The monoextract (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas the monoextract (10% concentration) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Diextracts (2-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas diextracts (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Triextracts (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV by ameliorating the pathological changes of the virus and preventing the death of ECEs. CONCLUSION The inoculation of herbal extracts, particularly triextracts, alleviates the pathological changes in ECEs infected with IBDV. This study recommends the oral route in evaluating plant extracts against IBDV in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dhuha Ismael Abdulmajeed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulkarim Jafar Karim
- Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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116
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Silva CT, Souza MC, Machado APDF, Nascimento RDP, Cunha DT, Bezerra RMN, Rostagno MA. Thermal stability and sensory evaluation of a bioactive extract from roasted coffee (
Coffea arabica
) beans added at increasing concentrations to conventional bread. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Telles Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS) School of Applied Sciences (FCA) University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | - Mariana Corrêa Souza
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS) School of Applied Sciences (FCA) University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo Thimoteo Cunha
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS) School of Applied Sciences (FCA) University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | - Rosângela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS) School of Applied Sciences (FCA) University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | - Mauricio Ariel Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS) School of Applied Sciences (FCA) University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
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117
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Influence of buriti pulp (Mauritia Flexuosa L.) concentration on thermophysical properties and antioxidant capacity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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118
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Sarikurkcu C, Tlili N. Onosma inexspectata and Onosma armenum as Novel Sources of Phytochemicals with Determination by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1983583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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119
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Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Field-Grown and In Vitro Leaves, and Calluses in Blackberry and Blueberry. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the content and profile of the phenolic compounds (PCs) and antioxidant properties of field-grown leaves, in vitro leaves and in vitro callus cultures of the blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ and blueberry ‘Toro’. In vitro shoots of the selected genotypes were grown either on original Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.1 mg/L GA3 (‘Čačanska Bestrna’) or on MS medium with macroelements reduced to ½, 2 mg/L zeatin and 0.2 mg/L IAA (‘Toro’). Callus cultures were induced from in vitro leaves and established on MS medium with 2 mg/L BA and 2 mg/L 2,4-D (‘Čačanska Bestrna’) or MS medium with half strength macroelements, 2 mg/L BA, 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L NAA (‘Toro’). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were the highest in blueberry leaves, whereas low TPC and TFC values were obtained in callus cultures of both cultivars. A higher content of PCs in blueberry leaves compared to blackberry leaves was determined by the UHPLC-DAD MS/MS technique. Quercetin derivatives and phenolic acids were the dominant PCs in the leaves of both berries, whereas gallocatechin was present in a significant amount in blueberry leaves. Callus cultures of both berries had a specific PC profile, with none detected in the leaves except quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Blackberry leaves showed the best antioxidant properties as estimated by ferric reducing power (FRP), ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging activity assays. Callus cultures of both berries exhibited three to five times lower ABTS•+ and ten to seventeen times lower DPPH• scavenging activity compared to corresponding leaves. The analyzed leaves and callus cultures can be a good source of PCs with good antioxidant properties and specific phenolics, respectively, for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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120
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Artificial neural network: a powerful tool in associating phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity of grape juices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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121
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A Review of Ethnoveterinary Knowledge, Biological Activities and Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Woody Plants Used for Managing Animal Health in South Africa. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100228. [PMID: 34679058 PMCID: PMC8537377 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the use of ethnoveterinary medicine as remedies for animal health among different ethnic groups justify the need for a systematic exploration to enhance their potential. In addition, the increasing popularity and utilisation of woody plants remain common in traditional medicine, which may be attributed to their inherent benefits. The current review was aimed at analysing ethnoveterinary surveys, biological activities, and secondary metabolites/phytochemical profiles of the woody plants of South Africa. Eligible literature (period: 2000 to 2020) were retrieved from different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sabinet, and Science Direct. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 ethnoveterinary surveys were eligible and were subjected to further analysis. We identified 104 woody plant species from 44 plant families that are used in the treatment of different diseases in animals, particularly cattle (70%) and goats (20%). The most mentioned (with six citations) woody plants were Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC and Ziziphus mucronata Willd., which were followed by plants with five (Cussonia spicata Thunb., Pterocarpus angolensis DC and Vachellia karroo (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso) or four (Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd, Cassia abbreviata Oliv., and Strychnos henningsii Gilg) individual mentions. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (19%), Apocynaceae (5.8%), Rubiaceae (5.8%), Anacardiaceae (4.8%), Combretaceae (4.8%), Euphorbiaceae (4.8%), Malvaceae (4.8%), Rhamnaceae (4.8%), and Celastraceae (3.8%). Bark (33%), leaves (29%), and roots (19%) were the plant parts dominantly used to prepare remedies for ethnoveterinary medicine. An estimated 20% of woody plants have been screened for antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity effects. Phytochemical profiles established a rich pool of valuable secondary metabolites (phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins) that may be responsible for the exerted biological activities. Overall, the significant portion of woody plants lacking empirical evidence on their biological effects indicates a major knowledge gap that requires more research efforts.
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Alexandrino TD, da Silva MG, Ferrari RA, Ruiz ALTG, Duarte RMT, Simabuco FM, Bezerra RMN, Pacheco MTB. Evaluation of some in vitro bioactivities of sunflower phenolic compounds. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:662-669. [PMID: 34622216 PMCID: PMC8482426 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in crude extracts were obtained from defatted sunflower seed flour using sodium bisulfite and ethanol solutions as extracting agents. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and DNA protective activities of the phenolic compounds in crude extract were analyzed. The phenolic compound contents were determined as chlorogenic acid (CGA) equivalent, presenting 11.57 and 15.44 g CGA eq/100g regarding the sodium bisulfite extract and ethanolic extract, respectively. The ORAC, DPPH, and ABTS methods were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Both extracts presented antioxidant properties, considering that the ethanolic extract demonstrated higher values (EC50 0.36 g extract/g DPPH•). The antimicrobial action was analyzed as to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 4 kinds of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis). The ethanolic extract was effective against all of these microorganisms, out of which E. coli was the most sensitive, with a MIC of 11.6 mg CGA/mL. The ethanolic extract presented DNA protective activity without cytotoxic activity concerning in vitro anti-proliferative assay. These findings can be considered as initial evidence of the potential use of phenolic compounds obtained from sunflower seed flour as natural additives in the food industry. Sunflower flour processing provides a phenolic extract as a byproduct. Sunflower phenolic extract exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Ethanolic sunflower phenolic extract exhibited DNA protection. Phenolic compounds extracts from sunflower has a potential as a food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Dolfini Alexandrino
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), PO Box 139, 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Marta Gomes da Silva
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), PO Box 139, 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Aparecida Ferrari
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), PO Box 139, 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Teixeira Duarte
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar Em Alimentos e Saúde (LABMAS), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar Em Alimentos e Saúde (LABMAS), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), PO Box 139, 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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123
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Current perspectives in cell-based approaches towards the definition of the antioxidant activity in food. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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124
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López‐Agama I, Ramos‐García MDL, Zamilpa A, Bautista‐Baños S, Ventura‐Aguilar RI. Comparative analysis of the antioxidant compounds of raw edible flowers and ethanolic extracts of
Cucurbita pepo
,
Tagetes erecta
, and
Erythrina americana
during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isis López‐Agama
- Facultad de Nutrición Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Calle Iztaccihuatl S/N, Col. Los Volcanes Cuernavaca Morelos62350Mexico
| | - Margarita de Lorena Ramos‐García
- Facultad de Nutrición Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Calle Iztaccihuatl S/N, Col. Los Volcanes Cuernavaca Morelos62350Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Argentina 1, Col. Centro Xochitepec Morelos62790Mexico
| | - Silvia Bautista‐Baños
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos Instituto Politécnico Nacional Carretera Yautepec‐Jojutla, km. 6, CEPROBI 8, San Isidro Yautepec Morelos62731Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela Ventura‐Aguilar
- CONACYT‐Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos Instituto Politécnico Nacional Carretera Yautepec‐Jojutla, km. 6, CEPROBI 8, San Isidro Yautepec Morelos62731Mexico
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125
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Identification and quantification of phenolic and volatile constituents in five different Anatolian thyme species using LC–MS/MS and GC-MS, with biological activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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126
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Chemometric Classification of Cocoa Bean Shells Based on Their Polyphenolic Profile Determined by RP-HPLC-PDA Analysis and Spectrophotometric Assays. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101533. [PMID: 34679667 PMCID: PMC8532815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cocoa bean shell (CBS), a byproduct from the cocoa industry, was recently proposed as a functional and low-cost ingredient, mainly because of its content in polyphenols. However, vegetal food products could significantly differ in their chemical composition depending on different factors such as their geographical provenience. This work is aimed to determine the polyphenolic and methylxanthine profile of different CBS samples and utilize it for achieving their differentiation according to their geographical origin and variety. RP-HPLC-PDA was used to determine the CBS polyphenolic profile. Spectrophotometric assays were used to obtain the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents, as well as to evaluate their radical scavenging activity. The results obtained from both methods were then compared and used for the CBS differentiation according to their origin and varieties through chemometric analysis. RP-HPLC-PDA allowed to determine 25 polyphenolic compounds, as well as the methylxanthines theobromine and caffeine. Polyphenolic profile results highlighted significant differences among the analyzed samples, allowing for their differentiation based on their geographical provenience. Similar results were achieved with the results of the spectrophotometric assays, considered as screening methods. Differentiation based on CBS variety was instead obtained based on the HPLC-determined methylxanthine profile.
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Herrera-Cazares LA, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Ramírez-Jiménez AK, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Campos-Vega R, Gaytán-Martínez M. Influence of extrusion process on the release of phenolic compounds from mango (Mangifera indica L.) bagasse-added confections and evaluation of their bioaccessibility, intestinal permeability, and antioxidant capacity. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110591. [PMID: 34507736 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extruded polyphenol-rich by-products like mango bagasse (MB) could be used to manufacture functional confections. However, few reports have assessed the extrusion impact on MB polyphenols within a food matrix. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of extrusion on the bioaccessibility, intestinal permeability, and antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds (PC) from non-extruded and extruded MB-added confections (EMBC and MBC, respectively). The inhibition of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and in silico approaches were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. MBC displayed the highest gastric bioaccessibility (%) of xanthones and flavonoids, whereas selective release of gallic acid, mangiferin, and quercetin glucoside was shown for EMBC. Lower PC' apparent permeability coefficients were found in EMBC compared to MB (0.11 to 0.44-fold change, p < 0.05). EMBC displayed the highest antioxidant capacity by the DPPH method for the non-digestible fraction, being mangiferin the highest in silico contributor (-4 kcal/mol). Our results showed that the extrusion process helps release selective phenolics from MBC, which increases their bioaccessibility and intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Abril Herrera-Cazares
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Aurea K Ramírez-Jiménez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Janet A Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Marcela Gaytán-Martínez
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
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128
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Rebollo-Hernanz M, Cañas S, Taladrid D, Segovia Á, Bartolomé B, Aguilera Y, Martín-Cabrejas MA. Extraction of phenolic compounds from cocoa shell: Modeling using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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129
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Paiva RAM, Mutz YS, Conte-Junior CA. A Review on the Obtaining of Functional Beers by Addition of Non-Cereal Adjuncts Rich in Antioxidant Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091332. [PMID: 34572969 PMCID: PMC8470327 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer is one of the oldest and most consumed beverages worldwide, and recent trends point to increased consumption of functional beers. However, there is a lack in the scientific literature on the effects of adding functional adjuncts in distinct steps of the manufacturing process and its implications on the final physicochemical and sensorial profile. Therefore, the present review analyzes the ingredients used and their insertion stage to achieve a functional beer with bioactive compounds, higher antioxidant activity, and improved sensory characteristics. The addition of fruits, herbal extracts, plants, and mushrooms in beers was documented. Furthermore, adjuncts were successfully added in wort boiling, fermentation, maturation, and packaging. The wort boiling step stands out among these four due to the superior extraction of phenolic compounds from the added adjuncts. On the other hand, adjunct addition in the maturation step induced low increases in antioxidant and phenolic content of the respective enriched beers. Fruits represented the majority of adopted adjuncts among the studies evaluated. Furthermore, the addition of fruits represented a positive increment in the beer’s volatile profile and an increase in sensory acceptability. A gap in the literature was found regarding the analysis of phenolic compounds with appropriate techniques such as HPLC-MS. Furthermore, there is a need to study the bioavailability of the incorporated bioactive compounds to prove the health claims inferred about these beers. In conclusion, functional beers are a little-explored relevant field, with potential for new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. M. Paiva
- Center for Food Analysis, Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Avenida Horácio Macedo 1281, Polo de Química, Bloco C, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
| | - Yhan S. Mutz
- Center for Food Analysis, Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Avenida Horácio Macedo 1281, Polo de Química, Bloco C, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Correspondence: (Y.S.M.); (C.A.C.-J.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-7824 (C.A.C.-J.)
| | - Carlos A. Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis, Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Avenida Horácio Macedo 1281, Polo de Química, Bloco C, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Correspondence: (Y.S.M.); (C.A.C.-J.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-7824 (C.A.C.-J.)
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130
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Barbosa-Pereira L, Belviso S, Ferrocino I, Rojo-Poveda O, Zeppa G. Characterization and Classification of Cocoa Bean Shells from Different Regions of Venezuela Using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and Spectrophotometric Techniques Coupled to Chemometric Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:1791. [PMID: 34441568 PMCID: PMC8393802 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cocoa bean shell (CBS) is one of the main cocoa byproducts with a prospective to be used as a functional food ingredient due to its nutritional and sensory properties. This study aims to define the chemical fingerprint of CBSs obtained from cocoa beans of diverse cultivars and collected in different geographical areas of Venezuela assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiodes array and mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS) and spectrophotometric assays combined with multivariate analysis for classification purposes. The study provides a comprehensive fingerprint and quantitative data for 39 compounds, including methylxanthines and several polyphenols, such as flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, and N-phenylpropenoyl amino acids. Several key cocoa markers, such as theobromine, epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, procyanidin_A pentoside_3, and N-coumaroyl-l-aspartate_2, were found suitable for the classification of CBS according to their cultivar and origin. Despite the screening methods required a previous purification of the sample, both methodologies appear to be suitable for the classification of CBS with a high correlation between datasets. Finally, preliminary findings on the identification of potential contributors for the radical scavenging activity of CBS were also accomplished to support the valorization of this byproduct as a bioactive ingredient in the production of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (S.B.); (I.F.); (O.R.-P.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simona Belviso
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (S.B.); (I.F.); (O.R.-P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (S.B.); (I.F.); (O.R.-P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Olga Rojo-Poveda
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (S.B.); (I.F.); (O.R.-P.); (G.Z.)
- RD3 Department-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Zeppa
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (S.B.); (I.F.); (O.R.-P.); (G.Z.)
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131
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Yu M, Gouvinhas I, Barros A. Variation of the Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Freshly Prepared Pomegranate Leaf Infusions over One-Day Storage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081187. [PMID: 34439435 PMCID: PMC8388870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, an intensive search for natural and novel types of antioxidant polyphenolics has been carried out on numerous plant materials. However, the current literature has very little information on their storage stability in the form of freshly prepared infusions. This study aims to characterize the polyphenolic composition and the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaf infusions over one-day storage (analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h). Spectrophotometric evaluation demonstrated that the infusion presented no significant changes in the content of total phenols (131.40–133.47 mg gallic acid g−1) and ortho-diphenols (239.91–244.25 mg gallic acid g−1). The infusion also maintained high stability (over 98% and 82%, respectively) for flavonoids (53.30–55.84 mg rutin g−1) and condensed tannins (102.15–124.20 mg epicatechin g−1), with stable (>90%) potent antioxidant capacity (1.5–2.2 mmol Trolox g−1) throughout 0–24 h storage. The main decrease was observed during 0–2 h storage of flavonoids, 8–24 h storage of tannins, and 0–4 h storage of antioxidant capacity. Chromatographic analysis further revealed that 7 decreased and 11 increased compounds were found within 0–24 h storage. The good stability of the total polyphenolics and antioxidant properties might be related to the complex conversion and activity compensation among these compounds. The findings suggest that pomegranate leaf infusion could be of great interest in the valorization of high added-value by-products and in the application of green and functional alternatives in the food-pharma and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyou Yu
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Irene Gouvinhas
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.G.); (A.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Hossen MA, Ali Reza A, Amin MB, Nasrin MS, Khan TA, Rajib MHR, Tareq AM, Haque MA, Rahman MA, Haque MA. Bioactive metabolites of Blumea lacera attenuate anxiety and depression in rodents and computer-aided model. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3836-3851. [PMID: 34262741 PMCID: PMC8269660 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blumea lacera is an edible plant with imperative medicinal values. However, the anxiolytic and antidepressant roles of B. lacera have not been well-explained. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the impending bioactive metabolites and roles of B. lacera methanol leaf extract (Me-BLL) in attenuating anxiety and depression through several experimental and computer-aided approaches. The chemical characterization of Me-BLL was performed through standard phytochemical and GC-MS analyses. To explore the neuropharmacological insights, Swiss albino mice were treated with Me-BLL at doses of 200-400 mg/kg, p.o. The anxiolytic effects were observed employing elevated plus maze (EPM), light-dark box (LDB), and hole-board (HBT) tests, while antidepressant effects were evaluated using forced swimming (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). Diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine HCl (20 mg/kg, p.o.) were used as the reference standard. The phytochemical analyses revealed several bioactive metabolites, including higher contents of total phenolics and flavonoids. The EPM and LDB tests demonstrated an increased time spent in open arms and light box, and the HBT showed an increased number of head dipping, indicating the anxiolytic effects of Me-BLL. The TST and FST revealed a decrease in immobility time, meaning the persuasive antidepressant effects. The antioxidative effects of Me-BLL have also been observed prominently. Correspondingly, the computer-aided investigation confirmed several bioactive lead molecules. Specifically, thymol and cuminol revealed potential anxiolytic and antioxidant effects, while stigmast-5-en-3.beta.-ol and gamma-sitosterol possessed promising antidepressant effects. Taken these results as a base, the plant has imperative potentials in managing anxiety and depression-like disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amjad Hossen
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - A.S.M. Ali Reza
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Md. Badrul Amin
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Mst. Samima Nasrin
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Tawhidul Amin Khan
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | | | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Md. Anwarul Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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133
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Milinčić DD, Kostić AŽ, Gašić UM, Lević S, Stanojević SP, Barać MB, Tešić ŽL, Nedović V, Pešić MB. Skimmed Goat's Milk Powder Enriched with Grape Pomace Seed Extract: Phenolics and Protein Characterization and Antioxidant Properties. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070965. [PMID: 34208895 PMCID: PMC8301875 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was phenolics and protein characterization and antioxidant properties evaluation of skimmed thermally treated goat's milk powder enriched with different concentration of grape pomace seed extract (SE). The dominant phenolics in SE were phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and procyanidins. Different electrophoretic techniques together with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolics-protein interactions in the samples, mainly procyanidins with whey protein/caseins complexes. Addition of SE into thermally treated goat's milk significantly improved antioxidant properties of goat's milk such as TAC, FRP, DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity. Gallic acid, catechin, and procyanidins mostly contributed to these activities. The schematic representation of phenolics-casein micelles interactions in thermally treated goat's milk enriched with SE was given. The addition of SE into thermally treated goat's milk can be a promising strategy in food waste recovery and to enhance the beneficial health effects of goat's milk-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijel D. Milinčić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (S.L.); (S.P.S.); (M.B.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Aleksandar Ž. Kostić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (S.L.); (S.P.S.); (M.B.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Uroš M. Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Steva Lević
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (S.L.); (S.P.S.); (M.B.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Slađana P. Stanojević
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (S.L.); (S.P.S.); (M.B.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Miroljub B. Barać
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (S.L.); (S.P.S.); (M.B.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Živoslav Lj. Tešić
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Viktor Nedović
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (S.L.); (S.P.S.); (M.B.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Mirjana B. Pešić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (S.L.); (S.P.S.); (M.B.B.); (V.N.)
- Correspondence:
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134
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Chai TT, Ee KY, Kumar DT, Manan FA, Wong FC. Plant Bioactive Peptides: Current Status and Prospects Towards Use on Human Health. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:623-642. [PMID: 33319654 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201211195936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Large numbers of bioactive peptides with potential applications in protecting against human diseases have been identified from plant sources. In this review, we summarized recent progress in the research of plant-derived bioactive peptides, encompassing their production, biological effects, and mechanisms. This review focuses on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer peptides, giving special attention to evidence derived from cellular and animal models. Studies investigating peptides with known sequences and well-characterized peptidic fractions or protein hydrolysates will be discussed. The use of molecular docking tools to elucidate inter-molecular interactions between bioactive peptides and target proteins is highlighted. In conclusion, the accumulating evidence from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies to date supports the envisioned applications of plant peptides as natural antioxidants as well as health-promoting agents. Notwithstanding, much work is still required before the envisioned applications of plant peptides can be realized. To this end, future researches for addressing current gaps were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Yaw Ee
- Center for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - D Thirumal Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602 105, India
| | - Fazilah Abd Manan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fai-Chu Wong
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
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135
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Marmitt DJ, Bitencourt S, da Silva GR, Rempel C, Goettert MI. Traditional plants with antioxidant properties in clinical trials-A systematic review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5647-5667. [PMID: 34165846 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a trend toward the use of natural substances present in plants and vegetables. In general, foods rich in antioxidants are complex matrices; therefore, understanding its absorption effects is extremely relevant to know its bioactive potential. Thus, this systematic review focused on clinical trials involving plants (or compounds) registered on the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS) with antioxidant properties. Following the reporting guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes studies of interest indexed in the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were analyzed. Of the 59 clinical trials found, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa are the plant species with the highest percentage of clinical research. Prevention/attenuation of oxidative stress was one of the main antioxidant mechanisms indicated in the studies. The most tested compounds of the RENISUS plants in clinical trials were curcumin and soy isoflavone. In this review, we selected studies in advanced stages that highlight plants' value in optimizing antioxidant status; however, even with high-quality studies, it is not prudent to overstate the clinical efficacy of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Shanna Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudete Rempel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento/Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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136
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An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Correlating Pulse Crop Seed Coat Polyphenol Profiles with Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Chelation Ability. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133833. [PMID: 34201792 PMCID: PMC8270320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse crop seed coats are a sustainable source of antioxidant polyphenols, but are typically treated as low-value products, partly because some polyphenols reduce iron bioavailability in humans. This study correlates antioxidant/iron chelation capabilities of diverse seed coat types from five major pulse crops (common bean, lentil, pea, chickpea and faba bean) with polyphenol composition using mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify key differences and a hierarchical analysis revealed that common beans had the most diverse polyphenol profiles among these pulse crops. The highest antioxidant capacities were found in seed coats of black bean and all tannin lentils, followed by maple pea, however, tannin lentils showed much lower iron chelation among these seed coats. Thus, tannin lentils are more desirable sources as natural antioxidants in food applications, whereas black bean and maple pea are more suitable sources for industrial applications. Regardless of pulse crop, proanthocyanidins were primary contributors to antioxidant capacity, and to a lesser extent, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whereas glycosylated flavonols contributed minimally. Higher iron chelation was primarily attributed to proanthocyanidin composition, and also myricetin 3-O-glucoside in black bean. Seed coats having proanthocyanidins that are primarily prodelphinidins show higher iron chelation compared with those containing procyanidins and/or propelargonidins.
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137
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Estévez M. Critical overview of the use of plant antioxidants in the meat industry: Opportunities, innovative applications and future perspectives. Meat Sci 2021; 181:108610. [PMID: 34147961 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of articles devoted to study the effect of "natural antioxidants" on meat systems has remarkably increased in the last 10 years. Yet, a critical review of literature reveals recurrent flaws in regards to the rationale of the application, the experimental design, the characterisation of the plant sources, the discussion of the molecular mechanisms and of the potential benefits. The selection of the appropriate source of these antioxidants and the identification of their bioactive constituents, are essential to understand their mode of action and set effective and safe doses. The methodological approach should also be planned with care as the recorded effects and main conclusions largely depend on the accuracy and specificity of the methods. This article aims to critically review the recent advances in the application of plant antioxidants in meat and meat products and briefly covers current trends of innovative application and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estévez
- Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Food Technology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
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138
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Nutritional and Phytochemical Traits of Apricots ( Prunus Armeniaca L.) for Application in Nutraceutical and Health Industry. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061344. [PMID: 34200904 PMCID: PMC8230439 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a nutritious fruit, rich in bioactive compounds, known for their health benefits. The present study attempts to evaluate nutritional (sugars, organic acids, minerals) and nutraceutical traits (total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, antioxidant activity) of six commercial apricot genotypes grown in India. Antioxidant activity was determined using three in-vitro assays, namely CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl). Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in the genotypes concerning nutritional and nutraceutical traits. Sucrose accounted for more than 60% of total sugars in most genotypes, followed by glucose and fructose. Citric acid accounted for more than 50% of the total organic acids present, followed by malic and succinic acids. Apricot is a good source of potassium (1430.07 to 2202.69 mg/100 g dwb) and iron (2.69 to 6.97 mg/100 g dwb) owing to its mineral composition. Total carotenoids content ranged from 0.44 to 3.55 mg/100 g, with β-carotene accounting for 33–84% of the total content. The results strongly suggest that genotypes ‘CITH-A-1’ and ‘CITH-A-2’, which have high dry matter and carotenoids content, are well suited for drying. ‘Roxana’ and ‘CITH-A-3’ are great for fresh consumption, while ‘Shakarpara’ and ‘Gold Cot’ are excellent for juice processing.
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139
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Kyriacou MC, El-Nakhel C, Soteriou GA, Graziani G, Kyratzis A, Antoniou C, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Preharvest Nutrient Deprivation Reconfigures Nitrate, Mineral, and Phytochemical Content of Microgreens. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061333. [PMID: 34207882 PMCID: PMC8228507 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While imparting gastronomic novelty and sensory delight, microgreens also constitute rudimentary leafy greens packed with nutrients and phytochemicals. As such, they comprise an upcoming class of functional foods. However, apart from bioactive secondary metabolites, microgreens also accumulate antinutritive agents such as nitrate, especially under conducive protected cultivation conditions. The current work examined nutrient deprivation before harvest (DBH), applied by replacing nutrient solution with osmotic water for six and twelve days, as a strategy for reducing microgreen nitrate levels in different species (lettuce, mustard, and rocket). The three species were sown on a peat-based substrate, cultivated in a controlled climate chamber, and harvested 18 days after sowing, when the first two true leaves emerged. DBH impact on major constituents of the secondary metabolome, mineral content, colorimetric, and yield traits was appraised. Nitrate and mineral content were determined through ion chromatography, phenolic composition through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and carotenoid composition through HPLC-DAD. Nutrient deprivation was effective in reducing nitrate content; however, effective treatment duration differed between species and decline was more precipitous in nitrate hyperaccumulating species such as rocket. Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were the flavonol glycosides most abundant in brassicaceous microgreens, whereas lettuce microgreens were steeped in caffeoyl quinic acid. DBH interacted with species as it increased the total phenolic content of lettuce, decreased that of rocket, but did not affect mustard. Further research to link changes in phenolic composition to the sensory and in vivo bioactive profile of microgreens is warranted. Notably, brief (≤6 days) DBH can be applied across species with moderate or no impact on the phenolic, carotenoid, and mineral composition of microgreens. Brief DBH applications also have limited impact on microgreens' yield and colorimetric traits hence on the commercial value of the product. They can therefore be applied for reducing microgreen nitrate levels without significantly impacting key secondary metabolic constituents and their potential bioactive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.); (A.K.); (C.A.)
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Georgios A. Soteriou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.); (A.K.); (C.A.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Angelos Kyratzis
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.); (A.K.); (C.A.)
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.); (A.K.); (C.A.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (S.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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140
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Miniaturized Methodologies for Determining the Total Phenol and Flavonoid Concentrations and the Antioxidant Activity. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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141
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González‐Ortega R, Ferrentino G, Alam MR, Scampicchio M, Pittia P. Antioxidant activity of natural extracts measured with a novel solid‐state crocin bleaching assay by hot melt extrusion. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo González‐Ortega
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
| | - Md Rizvi Alam
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo Italy
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142
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Anticancer and biological properties of leaf and flower extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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143
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Zagrean-Tuza C, Mot AC, Chmiel T, Bende A, Turcu I. Sugar matters: sugar moieties as reactivity-tuning factors in quercetin O-glycosides. Food Funct 2021; 11:5293-5307. [PMID: 32458896 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in plant-based foods, commonly occurs in nature in various glycosylated forms. There is still a less explored aspect regarding the cause of diversity of its glycosides, depending on the sugar moiety attached. This work focuses on four wide-spread quercetin glycosides-hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin and rutin-by testing the property-tuning capacity of different sugar moieties and thus explains and predicts some of their functions in plant-based foods. The electron paramagnetic spectra of the semiquinone anion radicals of these glycosides were interpreted in terms of hyperfine coupling constants and linewidths, highlighting a clear link between spin density trends, the identity of the bound sugar, and their reactivity corroborated with their modelled structures. Redox potential and lipophilicity were connected to a specific flavonoid-enzyme interaction and correlated with their prooxidant reactivity assessed by oxidation of ferrous hemoglobin. Hyperoside and isoquercitin-galactose and glucose glycosides-exhibit the highest prooxidant reactivity owing to their lowest redox potential and lipophilicity whereas rutin and quercitrin-rutinose and rhamnose glycosides-behave vice versa. The ability of the tested glycosides to undergo HAT or SET-type reactions has also been tested using five different analytical assays, including inhibition of cytochrome c-triggered liposome peroxidation. In most cases, rutin proved to be the most unreactive of the four tested glycosides considering either steric or redox reasons whereas the reactivity hierarchy of the other three glycosides were rather assay dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezara Zagrean-Tuza
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin C Mot
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Tomasz Chmiel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Attila Bende
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioan Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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144
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Tlili N, Sarikurkcu RT, Ozer MS, Sarikurkcu C. Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) Identification of Phytochemicals and the Effects of Solvents on Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant Capacity, Skin-Whitening and anti-Diabetic Activity of Onosma mitis. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1912070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, Université de Carthage, Ben Arous, Tunisia
- Institut National de Recherches en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Rifat Tayyib Sarikurkcu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sabih Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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145
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Pap N, Reshamwala D, Korpinen R, Kilpeläinen P, Fidelis M, Furtado MM, Sant'Ana AS, Wen M, Zhang L, Hellström J, Marnilla P, Mattila P, Sarjala T, Yang B, Lima ADS, Azevedo L, Marjomäki V, Granato D. Toxicological and bioactivity evaluation of blackcurrant press cake, sea buckthorn leaves and bark from Scots pine and Norway spruce extracts under a green integrated approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112284. [PMID: 34044082 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), Scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) were obtained using maceration and pressurized hot water and tested for their bioactivities. Maceration provided the extraction of higher dry matter contents, including total phenolics (TPC), anthocyanins, and condensed tannins, which also impacted higher antioxidant activity. NS and SB extracts presented the highest mean values of TPC and antioxidant activity. Individually, NS extract presented high contents of proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, and some phenolic acids. In contrast, SB contained a high concentration of ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and quercetin, explaining the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects. SP and BC extracts had the lowest TPC and antioxidant activity. However, BC had strong antiviral efficacy, whereas SP can be considered a potential ingredient to inhibit α-amylase. Except for BC, the other extracts decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HCT8 and A549 cells. Extracts did not inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages but inhibited the ROS generation during the THP-1 cell respiratory burst. The recovery of antioxidant compounds from these by-products is incentivized for high value-added applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Pap
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Risto Korpinen
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marina Fidelis
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marianna M Furtado
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Pertti Marnilla
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Pirjo Mattila
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI- 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Biomass Characterization and Properties, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-39700, Parkano, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Department of Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Daniel Granato
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland.
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146
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Platzer M, Kiese S, Herfellner T, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Eisner P. How Does the Phenol Structure Influence the Results of the Folin-Ciocalteu Assay? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050811. [PMID: 34065207 PMCID: PMC8160659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites that are generally nonessential but facilitate ecological interactions. Fruits, vegetables, seeds and nuts can accumulate bioactive secondary metabolites with health-promoting properties, including the potent antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds. Several in vitro assays have been developed to measure the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of plant extracts, e.g., the simple and highly popular Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay. However, the literature contains a number of different descriptions of the assay and it is unclear whether the assay measures the polyphenol content or reducing capacity of the sample. To determine the influence of phenolic structures on the outcome of the FC assay, we tested phenols representing different subgroups (phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols, dihydrochalcones and flavanones). We observed different results for each reference substance and subgroup. Accordingly, we concluded that the FC assay does not measure the polyphenol content of a sample but determines its reducing capacity instead. Assigning the substances to five structural classes showed that the FC results depend on the number of fulfilled Bors criteria. If a molecule fulfills none of the Bors criteria, the FC results depend on the number of OH groups. We did not find a correlation with other single electron transfer assays (e.g., ABTS and DPPH assays). Furthermore, the FC assay was compatible with all five subgroups and should be preferred over the DPPH assay, which is specific for extracts rich in dihydrochalcones or flavanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Platzer
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandra Kiese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
| | - Thomas Herfellner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
| | - Ute Schweiggert-Weisz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Chair of Food Science, Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Eisner
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Steinbeis-Hochschule, George-Bähr-Str. 8, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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147
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Guedes M, Vieira SF, Reis RL, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Fishroesomes as carriers with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111680. [PMID: 34020247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The great diversity of marine habitats and organisms renders them a high-value source to find/develop novel drugs and formulations. Therefore, herein, sardine (Sardina pilchardus) roe was used as a lipidic source to produce liposomes. This fish product presents high nutritional value, being its lipidic content associated with important health benefits. Consequently, it can be advantageously used to produce therapeutically active delivery devices. Roe lipids were extracted using the Matyash method. After lipid film hydration and extrusion, sardine roe-derived large unilamellar liposomes (LUVs), designated as fishroesomes, presented a size of ≈330 nm and a significant negative surface charge (≈-27 mV). Radical scavenging assays demonstrated that fishroesomes efficiently neutralized peroxyl, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. Moreover, fishroesomes significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by LPS-stimulated macrophages at non-toxic concentrations for L929 and THP-1 cells. Consequently, the developed liposomes exhibit unique properties as bioactive drug carriers for inflammatory diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guedes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara F Vieira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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148
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Tian W, Hu R, Chen G, Zhang Y, Wang W, Li Y. Potential bioaccessibility of phenolic acids in whole wheat products during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and probiotic fermentation. Food Chem 2021; 362:130135. [PMID: 34077856 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Health benefits of whole wheat products are partially attributed by their unique phenolic compounds. This study investigated effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and probiotic fermentation on releasing of phenolic acids from whole wheat foods (bread, cookie, and pasta). Kinetics results showed that more phenolic acids were released within the first hour of gastric and intestinal digestions compared to the prolonged digestion. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a common probiotic strain, released additional phenolic acids from the digestive residues during fermentation. Simulated digestion released more soluble trans-ferulic acid than chemical extraction in breads (17.69 to 102.71 µg/g), cookie (15.81 to 54.43 µg/g), and pasta (4.88 to 28.39 µg/g). Phenolic acid composition of whole wheat products appeared to be better estimated by digestion methods than the chemical extraction method. The unique insoluble-bound nature and fermentability of wheat phenolic acids may lead to a mechanistic understanding of whole grain consumption for potential colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Tian
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ruijia Hu
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gengjun Chen
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yiqin Zhang
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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149
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Ontogenetic Variation in the Mineral, Phytochemical and Yield Attributes of Brassicaceous Microgreens. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051032. [PMID: 34068729 PMCID: PMC8151805 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgreens constitute novel gastronomic ingredients that combine visual, kinesthetic and bioactive qualities. The definition of the optimal developmental stage for harvesting microgreens remains fluid. Their superior phytochemical content against mature leaves underpins the current hypothesis of significant changes in compositional profile during the brief interval of ontogeny from the appearance of the first (S1) to the second true leaf (S2). Microgreens of four brassicaceous genotypes (Komatsuna, Mibuna, Mizuna and Pak Choi) grown under controlled conditions and harvested at S1 and S2 were appraised for fresh and dry yield traits. They were further analyzed for macro- and micromineral content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), carotenoid content using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), volatile organic compounds using solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS), anthocyanins and polyphenols using liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with Orbitrap technology and for chlorophyll and ascorbate concentrations, well as antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometry. Analysis of compositional profiles revealed genotype as the principal source of variation for all constituents. The response of mineral and phytochemical composition and of antioxidant capacity to the growth stage was limited and largely genotype-dependent. It is, therefore, questionable whether delaying harvest from S1 to S2 would significantly improve the bioactive value of microgreens while the cost-benefit analysis for this decision must be genotype-specific. Finally, the lower-yielding genotypes (Mizuna and Pak Choi) registered higher relative increase in fresh yield between S1 and S2, compared to the faster-growing and higher-yielding genotypes. Although the optimal harvest stage for specific genotypes must be determined considering the increase in yield against reduction in crop turnover, harvesting at S2 seems advisable for the lower-yielding genotypes.
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150
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Onder A, Yıldız A, Cinar AS, Zengin G, Ak G, Ozenoğlu H. The comparison of the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity of two moss species: Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid.) T. Kop. and Antitrichia californica Sull., from southwest ecological region in Turkey. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2660-2665. [PMID: 33949257 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1916745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of mosses have been studied regarding antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition effects. In the present study, the phytochemical content, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition properties of the ether extracts from T.J.Kop.. were investigated as promising bryophyte sources. The ether extracts of P. ellipticum had the highest flavonoid content (52.41 ± 0.52, Rutin equivalent), and A. californica had the highest total phenolic content (25.84 ± 0.23, Gallic acid equivalent). While the P. ellipticum had the highest ABTS (mg TE/g extract) 6.60 ± 0.4); A. californica showed the highest metal chelating capacity (mg EDTA/g extract) with the values of 51.46 ± 0.26. In the enzyme activity tests, almost all values of the species were closed the each other, but P. ellipticum was exhibited higher tyrosinase activity (mg/KAE/g extract) with 48.64 ± 1.02. The results have indicated for the first time the potential importance of the selected mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Onder
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aybala Yıldız
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Sevde Cinar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Physiology, and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Physiology, and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ozenoğlu
- Department Science Education, Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Education Mathematics and Science Education, Aydın, Turkey
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