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Almurdhi MM, Reeves ND, Bowling FL, Boulton AJM, Jeziorska M, Malik RA. Response to Comment on Almurdhi et al. Reduced Lower-Limb Muscle Strength and Volume in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Neuropathy, Intramuscular Fat, and Vitamin D Levels. Diabetes Care 2016;39:441-447. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:e184-5. [PMID: 27660129 PMCID: PMC5033084 DOI: 10.2337/dci16-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monirah M Almurdhi
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Neil D Reeves
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K
| | - Frank L Bowling
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Andrew J M Boulton
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Maria Jeziorska
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
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102
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Mikhailidis DP, Katsiki N, Athyros VG. Adherence to statin treatment: an important issue in clinical practice. Curr Med Res Opin 2016; 32:1639-1640. [PMID: 27357858 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1207621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics) , Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL) , London , UK
| | - Niki Katsiki
- b Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Vasilios G Athyros
- b Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Akbas EM, Gungor A, Ozcicek A, Akbas N, Askin S, Polat M. Vitamin D and inflammation: evaluation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:721-7. [PMID: 27478451 PMCID: PMC4947609 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.50625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Association of vitamin D, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, beside the classic bone metabolism disorders, may explain the pathogenesis of numerous diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency. While large numbers of reports support the relationship of vitamin D with inflammation, several reports fail to confirm this relationship. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are novel and inexpensive markers of inflammation that can be studied in all centers. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and inflammation with the novel inflammatory markers NLR and PLR. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was performed retrospectively. Results of the simultaneously performed 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine level measurements and complete blood count were recorded. The data of 4120 patients were included in the study. RESULTS Between vitamin D deficient and non-deficient groups there were significant differences in PLR (p < 0.001) and NLR (p = 0.001). Vitamin D had a significant negative correlation with PLR (p < 0.001) and NLR (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that 25(OH)D was independently and negatively correlated with PLR (OR = 0.994, 95% CI 0.991-0.998, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and NLR were significantly associated with 25(OH)D levels, and PLR was found to be an independent predictor of 25(OH)D levels. Our study revealed an inverse association of vitamin D levels and inflammation with these inexpensive and universally available markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Murat Akbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adem Gungor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adalet Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nergis Akbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seda Askin
- Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Polat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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104
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Neřoldová M, Stránecký V, Hodaňová K, Hartmannová H, Piherová L, Přistoupilová A, Mrázová L, Vrablík M, Adámková V, Hubáček JA, Jirsa M, Kmoch S. Rare variants in known and novel candidate genes predisposing to statin-associated myopathy. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1405-14. [PMID: 27296017 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Genetic variants affecting statin uptake, metabolism or predisposing to muscular diseases may confer susceptibility to statin-induced myopathy. Besides the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotype, common genetic variants do not seem to determine statin-associated myopathy. Here we aimed to address the potential role of rare variants. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing in 88 individuals suffering from statin-associated myopathy and assessed the burden of rare variants using candidate-gene and exome-wide association analysis. RESULTS In the novel candidate gene CLCN1, we identified a heterozygote truncating mutation p.R894* in four patients. In addition, we detected predictably pathogenic case-specific variants in MYOT, CYP3A5, SH3TC2, FBXO32 and RBM20. CONCLUSION These findings support the role of rare variants and nominate loci for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Neřoldová
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stránecký
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hodaňová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hartmannová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Piherová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Přistoupilová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Mrázová
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vrablík
- Third Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Adámková
- Preventive Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubáček
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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105
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Patel J, Martin SS, Banach M. Expert opinion: the therapeutic challenges faced by statin intolerance. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1497-507. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1197202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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106
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Gluba-Brzozka A, Franczyk B, Toth PP, Rysz J, Banach M. Molecular mechanisms of statin intolerance. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:645-58. [PMID: 27279860 PMCID: PMC4889699 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in primary and secondary prevention. Despite their efficacy, many persons are unable to tolerate statins due to adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and myalgia/myopathy. In the case of most patients, it seems that mild-to-moderate abnormalities in liver and muscle enzymes are not serious adverse effects and do not outweigh the benefits of coronary heart disease risk reduction. The risk for mortality or permanent organ damage ascribed to statin use is very small and limited to cases of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Statin-induced muscle-related adverse events comprise a highly heterogeneous clinical disorder with numerous, complex etiologies and a variety of genetic backgrounds. Every patient who presents with statin-related side effects cannot undergo the type of exhaustive molecular characterization that would include all of these mechanisms. Frequently the only solution is to either discontinue statin therapy/reduce the dose or attempt intermittent dosing strategies at a low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzozka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM University Hospital, Lodz, Poland
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois, and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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107
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Coon SA, Ashjian EJ, Herink MC. Current Use of Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Patient-Reported Outcomes and Adherence. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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108
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Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Gluba-Brzózka A, Mikhailidis DP, Cicero AF, Rysz J, Banach M. Lipid-modifying effects of nutraceuticals: An evidence-based approach. Nutrition 2016; 32:1179-92. [PMID: 27324061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present review provides an up-to-date summary of the findings on the lipid-lowering effects of the most important nutraceuticals and functional foods. Based on current knowledge, nutraceuticals might exert significant lipid-lowering, and their use has several advantages: A number of important questions remain to be addressed, including whether longer durations of therapy would result in a better response and the exact safety profile of nutraceuticals, especially at doses higher than those consumed in an average diet. Additionally, data regarding the effects of nutraceutical supplementation on the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes are lacking, and it is not clear whether additional lipid lowering by nutraceuticals can modify the residual cardiovascular risk that remains after statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arrigo F Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a precursor of the steroid hormone calcitriol that is crucial for bone and mineral metabolism. Both the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the general population and the identification of the vitamin D receptor in the heart and blood vessels raised interest in the potential cardiovascular effects of vitamin D. Experimental studies have demonstrated various cardiovascular protective actions of vitamin D, but vitamin D intoxication in animals is known to induce vascular calcification. In meta-analyses of epidemiological studies, vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Findings from Mendelian randomization studies and randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) do not indicate significant effects of a general vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. Previous RCTs, however, were not adequately designed to address extraskeletal events, and did not focus on vitamin D-deficient individuals. Therefore, currently available evidence does not support cardiovascular benefits or harms of vitamin D supplementation with the commonly used doses, and whether vitamin D has cardiovascular effects in individuals with overt vitamin D deficiency remains to be evaluated. Here, we provide an update on clinical studies on vitamin D and cardiovascular risk, discuss ongoing vitamin D research, and consider the management of vitamin D deficiency from a cardiovascular health perspective.
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110
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Fernandes V, Santos MJ, Pérez A. Statin-related myotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 63:239-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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111
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Baque E, Sakzewski L, Barber L, Boyd RN. Systematic review of physiotherapy interventions to improve gross motor capacity and performance in children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 30:948-59. [PMID: 27119733 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2016.1147079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the efficacy of physiotherapy interventions to improve gross motor capacity, performance and societal participation in children aged 5-17 years with an acquired brain injury (ABI). METHODS Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, cohort, case series, case-control and case studies were included and classified according to grades of evidence. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black (D&B) scale and quantitative data was analysed using effect sizes. RESULTS Two home-based studies investigated functional strength training (one randomized controlled trial, n = 20, level 2b, D&B = 16/32 and one non-randomized self-control study, n = 19, level 4, D&B = 15/32). Four studies evaluated virtual reality including: one pilot study, n = 50, level 4, D&B = 22/32; one single-subject, non-concurrent, randomized multiple baseline study, n = 3, level 4, D&B = 15/32; one case series study, n = 2, level 4, D&B = 15/32; one case study, n = 1, level 4, D&B = 15/32. Effect sizes for the randomized controlled trial ranged between 0.30-1.29 for the Functional Reach and Timed Up and Go outcome measures. CONCLUSION There is preliminary evidence to support the efficacy of physiotherapy interventions to improve gross motor outcomes in children with an ABI. Both functional strength training and virtual-reality based therapy are potential treatment options for clinicians to prescribe in either home or clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmah Baque
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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112
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Jetty V, Glueck CJ, Wang P, Shah P, Prince M, Lee K, Goldenberg M, Kumar A. Safety of 50,000-100,000 Units of Vitamin D3/Week in Vitamin D-Deficient, Hypercholesterolemic Patients with Reversible Statin Intolerance. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 8:156-62. [PMID: 27114973 PMCID: PMC4821095 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.179133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency (<32 ng/mL) is a reversible cause of statin-intolerance, usually requiring vitamin D3 (50,000-100,000 IU/week) to normalize serum D, allowing reinstitution of statins. Longitudinal safety assessment of serum vitamin D, calcium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is important. Aims: Prospectively assess the safety-efficacy of vitamin D3 therapy. Materials and Methods: In 282 statin-intolerant hypercholesterolemic patients for 6 months and in 112 of the 282 patients for 12 months, with low-entry serum vitamin D (<32 ng/mL), we assessed safety-efficacy of vitamin D3 therapy (50,000-100,000 IU/week). Results: On mean (66,600 IU) and median (50,000 IU) of vitamin D3/week in 282 patients at 6 months, serum vitamin D rose from pretreatment (21—median) to 46 ng/mL (P < 0.0001), and became high (>100 ng/mL) but not toxic (>150 ng/mL) in 4 patients (1.4%). Median serum calcium was unchanged from entry (9.60 mg/dL) to 9.60 at 6 months (P = .36), with no trend of change (P = .16). Median eGFR was unchanged from entry (84 mL/min/1.73) to 83 at 6 months (P = .57), with no trend of change (P = .59). On vitamin D3 71,700 (mean) and 50,000 IU/week (median) at 12 months in 112 patients, serum vitamin D rose from pretreatment (21—median) to 51 ng/mL (P < 0.0001), and became high (>100 but <150 ng/mL) in 1 (0.9%) at 12 months. Median serum calcium was unchanged from entry (9.60 mg/dL) to 9.60 mg/dL and 9.60 mg/dL at 6 months and 12 months, respectively; P > 0.3. eGFR did not change from 79 mL/min/1.73 at entry to 74 mL/min/1.73 and 77 mL/min/1.73 at 6 months and 12 months, P > 0.3. There was no trend in the change in serum calcium (P > 0.5 for 6 months and 12 months), and no change of eGFR for 6 months and 12 months, P > 0.15. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 therapy (50,000-100,000 IU/week) was safe and effective when given for 12 months to reverse statin intolerance in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Serum vitamin D rarely exceeded 100 ng/mL, never reached toxic levels, and there were no significant change in serum calcium or eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vybhav Jetty
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles J Glueck
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Parth Shah
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marloe Prince
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Goldenberg
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashwin Kumar
- Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Pereda CA, Nishishinya MB. Is there really a relationship between serum vitamin D (25OHD) levels and the musculoskeletal pain associated with statin intake? A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:331-335. [PMID: 27133556 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Musculoskeletal pain associated to statin use, is the most common adverse event, leading to cessation of treatment. Several studies proposed Vitamin D deficiency to increase the risk of pain associated to statin intake. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether vitamin D status is linked to musculoskeletal pain associated to statin use. METHODS We performed a systematic review based on electronic searches through MEDLINE, Cochrane Central and EMBASE to identify studies that 1) included patients on statin therapy 2) with vitamin D serum levels assessment, 3) in relation to musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS The electronic search identified 127 potentially eligible studies, of which three were included and analysed in the present study. The heterogeneity of studies did not allow metanalysis. A systematic review and two cohort studies not included in the previous systematic review, revealed a statistically significant association of vitamin D deficit in patients with musculoskeletal pain on statin therapy. CONCLUSION The displayed evidence suggests a significant association between 25OHD serum levels<30ng/ml and the presence of musculoskeletal pain in patients on statin therapy.
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114
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Whayne TF. Statin Intolerance From a Clinician’s Perspective. Angiology 2016; 67:205-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319715587416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Whayne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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115
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Lipids and bariatric procedures Part 2 of 2: scientific statement from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), the National Lipid Association (NLA), and Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) 1. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 12:468-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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116
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Pilot study of safety and efficacy of polyprenols in combination with coenzyme Q10 in patients with statin-induced myopathy. Medicina (B Aires) 2016; 52:171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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117
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Banach M, Aronow WS, Serban MC, Rysz J, Voroneanu L, Covic A. Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2015. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:167. [PMID: 26718096 PMCID: PMC4696333 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important studies and guidelines in the topics of lipid, blood pressure and kidney published in 2015 were reviewed. In lipid research, the IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT) trial revalidated the concept "lower is better" for low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol as a target for therapy, increasing the necessity of treatment the high-risk patients to achieve LDL-C goals. After these results, ezetimibe might become the preferred additional drug in the combination therapy of lipid disorders because of oral dosage form and lower acquisition cost. However, for the statin-intolerant patients and those patients requiring essential reductions in LDL-C to achieve their goals, new therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors remain promising drugs. In blood pressure research, American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) 2015 guidelines recommended a target for blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg in stable or unstable coronary artery disease patients and below 150/90 mmHg in patients older than 80 years of age, however the recent results of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) trial have suggested that there might be significant benefits, taking into account cardiovascular risk, for hypertensive patients over 50 without diabetes and blood pressure levels <120/80. In kidney research, reducing the progression of chronic kidney disease and related complications such as anemia, metabolic acidosis, bone and mineral diseases, acute kidney injury and cardiovascular disease is still a goal for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549, Lodz, Poland
| | - Luminita Voroneanu
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adherence to hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy correlates with cardiovascular mortality. Muscle symptoms are the most significant side-effects of statin therapy. This review article summarizes the current concepts of the diagnosis and clinical work-up of patients with statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). RECENT FINDINGS SAMS represent a major barrier to maintain long-term persistence to statin treatment. SAMS reduce the quality of life and rare complications may extend to rhabdomyolysis. The molecular pathology of SAMS is heterogeneous. After exclusion of other causes of muscle symptoms the main principle of treatment is re-exposure to very low dose of statin and slow uptitration until the maximally tolerated dose is established. Using this approach the vast majority of patients can be treated with statins long term. For patients with SAMS that are not at low-density lipoproteins (LDL) goal with their maximally tolerated dose of statin combination therapy with ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 inhibitors are available. SUMMARY Time and care is needed to address SAMS because they impair drug adherence. For most patients it is possible to continue the statin therapy. However, combination therapy is wanted if the maximally tolerated statin dose is not sufficient to reach LDL targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Laufs
- aKlinik Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, GermanybClinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriacMedical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, HeidelbergdSynlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
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119
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Manousopoulou A, Al-Daghri NM, Garbis SD, Chrousos GP. Vitamin D and cardiovascular risk among adults with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2015. [PMID: 26222607 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for both vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease. A link between vitamin D status optimisation and improved cardiometabolic profile among adults with obesity could inform public health initiatives. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for interventional studies examining the effects of vitamin D status improvement on cardiovascular risk factors (anthropometric measures, lipid profile, blood pressure, glucose tolerance) among nondiabetic adults with obesity. RESULTS Seventeen publications reporting results from 11 different studies were included. Number of participants ranged from 34 to 1179 subjects. Duration was between 6 weeks and 4 years. Vitamin D was administered as a supplement in ten studies (1000 IU daily to 120 000 IU fortnightly). In one study, participants were advised to increase sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake. The random and fixed-effects meta-analysis showed that vitamin D significantly increased systolic blood pressure and LDL-C levels. The fixed-effects model also indicated a significant decrease in triglyceride levels, which was not evident using the random-effects model. Caution should be given to these results given the small number of studies used and the high heterogeneity between studies for the two latter outcomes. Additionally, a subset of eligible studies with compatible data presentation was included in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights a paucity of interventional studies examining the effects of vitamin D status improvement on cardiovascular risk factors among otherwise healthy adults with obesity. Large-scale studies at pharmacologically relevant doses and with sufficient duration are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - George P Chrousos
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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120
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Minissian M, Agarwal M, Shufelt C, Mehta PK, Waldman T, Lentz G, Cook-Wiens G, Eastwood JA, Noel Bairey Merz C. Do women with statin-related myalgias have low vitamin D levels? BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:449. [PMID: 26382747 PMCID: PMC4574117 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin intolerance is often due to myalgias. Severe vitamin D deficiency is characterized by musculoskeletal pain. We hypothesized that statin-intolerance is associated with vitamin D deficiency. OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is an association between statin-intolerance and vitamin D deficiency in a retrospective observational analysis. METHODS We evaluated 20 female patients with prior myalgia-related daily dose statin intolerance on an alternative day statin dosing protocol of twice weekly for 4 weeks followed by advancement to daily dosing, as tolerated. Fasting baseline and follow-up lipid and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) levels were obtained by chart review. RESULTS The group median age was 61 ± 13 years old and BMI was 27 ± 7 kg/m(2). Women who remained on alternative day statin dosing (n = 16) compared to women on daily dosing (n = 4) had a significantly lower group mean 25-OHD (mean 29 ± 11.23 vs. 47.5 ± 23.53 ng/ml p = 0.0307 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In women with prior myalgia-related statin intolerance, vitamin D levels were significantly lower in women who remained on alternative day dosing compared to those who were tolerant of daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Minissian
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Megha Agarwal
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Chrisandra Shufelt
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Puja K Mehta
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Talya Waldman
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Greg Lentz
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Galen Cook-Wiens
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Jo-Ann Eastwood
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- The Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 San Vicente Blvd AHSP Suite A9306, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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121
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Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Corsini A, Vladutiu GD, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Roden M, Stein E, Tokgözoğlu L, Nordestgaard BG, Bruckert E, De Backer G, Krauss RM, Laufs U, Santos RD, Hegele RA, Hovingh GK, Leiter LA, Mach F, März W, Newman CB, Wiklund O, Jacobson TA, Catapano AL, Chapman MJ, Ginsberg HN. Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology and Management. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1012-22. [PMID: 25694464 PMCID: PMC4416140 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 896] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are one of the principal reasons for statin non-adherence and/or discontinuation, contributing to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel overviews current understanding of the pathophysiology of statin-associated myopathy, and provides guidance for diagnosis and management of SAMS. Statin-associated myopathy, with significant elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK), is a rare but serious side effect of statins, affecting 1 per 1000 to 1 per 10 000 people on standard statin doses. Statin-associated muscle symptoms cover a broader range of clinical presentations, usually with normal or minimally elevated CK levels, with a prevalence of 7-29% in registries and observational studies. Preclinical studies show that statins decrease mitochondrial function, attenuate energy production, and alter muscle protein degradation, thereby providing a potential link between statins and muscle symptoms; controlled mechanistic and genetic studies in humans are necessary to further understanding. The Panel proposes to identify SAMS by symptoms typical of statin myalgia (i.e. muscle pain or aching) and their temporal association with discontinuation and response to repetitive statin re-challenge. In people with SAMS, the Panel recommends the use of a maximally tolerated statin dose combined with non-statin lipid-lowering therapies to attain recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets. The Panel recommends a structured work-up to identify individuals with clinically relevant SAMS generally to at least three different statins, so that they can be offered therapeutic regimens to satisfactorily address their cardiovascular risk. Further research into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may offer future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Georgirene D Vladutiu
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich-Heine University, and Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Germany
| | - Evan Stein
- Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | | | - G Kees Hovingh
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Winfried März
- Synlab Center of Laboratory Diagnostics Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Olov Wiklund
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - M John Chapman
- INSERM, Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, Paris, France
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122
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Banach M, Rizzo M, Toth PP, Farnier M, Davidson MH, Al-Rasadi K, Aronow WS, Athyros V, Djuric DM, Ezhov MV, Greenfield RS, Hovingh GK, Kostner K, Serban C, Lighezan D, Fras Z, Moriarty PM, Muntner P, Goudev A, Ceska R, Nicholls SJ, Broncel M, Nikolic D, Pella D, Puri R, Rysz J, Wong ND, Bajnok L, Jones SR, Ray KK, Mikhailidis DP. Statin intolerance – an attempt at a unified definition. Position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:935-55. [PMID: 25907232 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1039980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Banach M, Aronow WS, Serban C, Sahabkar A, Rysz J, Voroneanu L, Covic A. Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2014. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:111-25. [PMID: 25819754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an effort to review all the most important studies and guidelines in the topics of lipid, blood pressure and kidney published in 2014. Irrespective of advances, the options for improving simultaneous hypercholesterolemia and hypertension management (as well as its complication - chronic kidney disease) remain a problem. Recommending hypolidemic, hypotensive and kidney disease drugs to obtain therapy targets in cardiovascular, diabetic, elderly and kidney disease (=high risk) patients might strengthen risk factor control, improve compliance and the therapy efficacy, and in the consequence reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rate. That is why the authors have decided to summary and discuss the recent scientific achievements in the field of lipid, blood pressure and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amirhossein Sahabkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Luminita Voroneanu
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Agouridis AP, Nair DR, Mikhailidis DP. Strategies to overcome statin intolerance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:851-5. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1027685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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125
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Banach M, Rizzo M, Toth PP, Farnier M, Davidson MH, Al-Rasadi K, Aronow WS, Athyros V, Djuric DM, Ezhov MV, Greenfield RS, Hovingh GK, Kostner K, Serban C, Lighezan D, Fras Z, Moriarty PM, Muntner P, Goudev A, Ceska R, Nicholls SJ, Broncel M, Nikolic D, Pella D, Puri R, Rysz J, Wong ND, Bajnok L, Jones SR, Ray KK, Mikhailidis DP. Statin intolerance - an attempt at a unified definition. Position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1-23. [PMID: 25861286 PMCID: PMC4379380 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.49807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in clinical practice. They are usually well tolerated and effectively prevent cardiovascular events. Most adverse effects associated with statin therapy are muscle-related. The recent statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) has focused on statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), and avoided the use of the term 'statin intolerance'. Although muscle syndromes are the most common adverse effects observed after statin therapy, excluding other side effects might underestimate the number of patients with statin intolerance, which might be observed in 10-15% of patients. In clinical practice, statin intolerance limits effective treatment of patients at risk of, or with, cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of the most common adverse effects of statin therapy that might cause statin intolerance and the clear definition of this phenomenon is crucial to effectively treat patients with lipid disorders. Therefore, the aim of this position paper was to suggest a unified definition of statin intolerance, and to complement the recent EAS statement on SAMS, where the pathophysiology, diagnosis and the management were comprehensively presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter P. Toth
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wilbert S. Aronow
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Vasilis Athyros
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marat V. Ezhov
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karam Kostner
- Mater Hospital, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Corina Serban
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Lighezan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Preventive Cardiology Unit, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Patrick M. Moriarty
- Department of Medicine, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Assen Goudev
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Giovanna University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Richard Ceska
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen J. Nicholls
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel Pella
- First Department Of Internal Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Nathan D. Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Laszlo Bajnok
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Steven R. Jones
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kausik K. Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Banach M, Mikhailidis DP. In reply--Coenzyme Q10 and statin-induced myopathy. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:420-1. [PMID: 25744127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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