101
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Desai J, Steiger S, Anders HJ. Molecular Pathophysiology of Gout. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:756-768. [PMID: 28732688 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three contradictory clinical presentations of gout have puzzled clinicians and basic scientists for some time: first, the crescendo of sterile inflammation in acute gouty arthritis; second, its spontaneous resolution, despite monosodium urate (MSU) crystal persistence in the synovium; and third, immune anergy to MSU crystal masses observed in tophaceous or visceral gout. Here, we provide an update on the molecular pathophysiology of these gout manifestations, namely, how MSU crystals can trigger the auto-amplification loop of necroinflammation underlying the crescendo of acute gouty arthritis. We also discuss new findings, such as how aggregating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) might drive the resolution of arthritis and how these structures, together with granuloma formation, might support immune anergy, but yet promote tissue damage and remodeling during tophaceous gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyaysi Desai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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102
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Sagar D, Singh NP, Ginwala R, Huang X, Philip R, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Neumann K, Ruland J, Andrews AM, Ramirez SH, Khan ZK, Jain P. Antibody blockade of CLEC12A delays EAE onset and attenuates disease severity by impairing myeloid cell CNS infiltration and restoring positive immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2707. [PMID: 28578388 PMCID: PMC5457463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of dendritic cells (DCs) recruitment across the blood brain barrier (BBB) during neuroinflammation has been the least explored amongst all leukocytes. For cells of myeloid origin, while integrins function at the level of adhesion, the importance of lectins remains unknown. Here, we identified functions of one C-type lectin receptor, CLEC12A, in facilitating DC binding and transmigration across the BBB in response to CCL2 chemotaxis. To test function of CLEC12A in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we administered blocking antibody to CLEC12A that significantly ameliorated disease scores in MOG35–55-induced progressive, as well as PLP138–151-induced relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The decline in both progression and relapse of EAE occurred as a result of reduced demyelination and myeloid cell infiltration into the CNS tissue. DC numbers were restored in the spleen of C57BL/6 and peripheral blood of SJL/J mice along with a decreased TH17 phenotype within CD4+ T-cells. The effects of CLEC12A blocking were further validated using CLEC12A knockout (KO) animals wherein EAE disease induction was delayed and reduced disease severity was observed. These studies reveal the utility of a DC-specific mechanism in designing new therapeutics for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sagar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Narendra P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rashida Ginwala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Immunotope Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Ramila Philip
- Immunotope Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Allison M Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zafar K Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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103
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Fischer JC, Bscheider M, Eisenkolb G, Lin CC, Wintges A, Otten V, Lindemans CA, Heidegger S, Rudelius M, Monette S, Porosnicu Rodriguez KA, Calafiore M, Liebermann S, Liu C, Lienenklaus S, Weiss S, Kalinke U, Ruland J, Peschel C, Shono Y, Docampo M, Velardi E, Jenq RR, Hanash AM, Dudakov JA, Haas T, van den Brink MRM, Poeck H. RIG-I/MAVS and STING signaling promote gut integrity during irradiation- and immune-mediated tissue injury. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaag2513. [PMID: 28424327 PMCID: PMC5604790 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathways that regulate the tissue repair function of type I interferon (IFN-I) during acute tissue damage are poorly understood. We describe a protective role for IFN-I and the RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway during acute tissue damage in mice. Mice lacking mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) were more sensitive to total body irradiation- and chemotherapy-induced intestinal barrier damage. These mice developed worse graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a preclinical model of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) than did wild-type mice. This phenotype was not associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota but was associated with reduced gut epithelial integrity. Conversely, targeted activation of the RIG-I pathway during tissue injury promoted gut barrier integrity and reduced GVHD. Recombinant IFN-I or IFN-I expression induced by RIG-I promoted growth of intestinal organoids in vitro and production of the antimicrobial peptide regenerating islet-derived protein 3 γ (RegIIIγ). Our findings were not confined to RIG-I/MAVS signaling because targeted engagement of the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway also protected gut barrier function and reduced GVHD. Consistent with this, STING-deficient mice suffered worse GVHD after allo-HSCT than did wild-type mice. Overall, our data suggest that activation of either RIG-I/MAVS or STING pathways during acute intestinal tissue injury in mice resulted in IFN-I signaling that maintained gut epithelial barrier integrity and reduced GVHD severity. Targeting these pathways may help to prevent acute intestinal injury and GVHD during allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius C Fischer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bscheider
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Eisenkolb
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chia-Ching Lin
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Wintges
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Otten
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline A Lindemans
- Pediatric Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Simon Heidegger
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Marco Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sophie Liebermann
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melissa Docampo
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tobias Haas
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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104
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Intracellular metabolite β-glucosylceramide is an endogenous Mincle ligand possessing immunostimulatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3285-E3294. [PMID: 28373578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618133114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing and reacting to tissue damage is a fundamental function of immune systems. Macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is an activating C-type lectin receptor that senses damaged cells. Notably, Mincle also recognizes glycolipid ligands on pathogens. To elucidate endogenous glycolipids ligands derived from damaged cells, we fractionated supernatants from damaged cells and identified a lipophilic component that activates reporter cells expressing Mincle. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy identified the component structure as β-glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is a ubiquitous intracellular metabolite. Synthetic β-GlcCer activated myeloid cells and induced production of inflammatory cytokines; this production was abrogated in Mincle-deficient cells. Sterile inflammation induced by excessive cell death in the thymus was exacerbated by hematopoietic-specific deletion of degrading enzyme of β-GlcCer (β-glucosylceramidase, GBA1). However, this enhanced inflammation was ameliorated in a Mincle-deficient background. GBA1-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) in which β-GlcCer accumulates triggered antigen-specific T-cell responses more efficiently than WT DCs, whereas these responses were compromised in DCs from GBA1 × Mincle double-deficient mice. These results suggest that β-GlcCer is an endogenous ligand for Mincle and possesses immunostimulatory activity.
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105
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Monteiro JT, Lepenies B. Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Viral Recognition and Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2017; 9:E59. [PMID: 28327518 PMCID: PMC5371814 DOI: 10.3390/v9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of viral glycans by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity contributes to antiviral immune responses. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs capable of sensing glycans present in viral pathogens to activate antiviral immune responses such as phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and subsequent T cell activation. The ability of CLRs to elicit and shape adaptive immunity plays a critical role in the inhibition of viral spread within the host. However, certain viruses exploit CLRs for viral entry into host cells to avoid immune recognition. To block CLR interactions with viral glycoproteins, antiviral strategies may involve the use of multivalent glycan carrier systems. In this review, we describe the role of CLRs in antiviral immunity and we highlight their dual function in viral clearance and exploitation by viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- João T Monteiro
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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106
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C-type lectins: their network and roles in pathogen recognition and immunity. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:223-237. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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107
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Bavireddi H, Vasudeva Murthy R, Gade M, Sangabathuni S, Chaudhary PM, Alex C, Lepenies B, Kikkeri R. Understanding carbohydrate-protein interactions using homologous supramolecular chiral Ru(ii)-glyconanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19696-19702. [PMID: 27874116 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06431k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent glycodendrimers make promising tools to tackle the basic and translational research in the field of carbohydrate-mediated interactions. Despite advances in glycodendrimers and glycopolymers, the multivalent probes available to date are still far from being ideal biological mimics. This work demonstrates the inherent chirality of glycodendrimers to be one of the promising factors to generate different spatial carbohydrate micro-environments to modulate specific carbohydrate-protein interactions. By exploiting the host-guest strategy, chiral Ru(ii) complexes (Δ and Λ) and mannose capped β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), we generated a library of homologous metallo-glycodendrimers (MGDs) with sizes of 50-70 nm. These nanoclusters can enantioselectively bind to specific C-type lectins and displayed selectivity in cellular uptake. We also discovered their potential clathrin-mediated endocytotic pathway in DC-SIGN and SIGNR3-transfected cell lines. Finally, in vivo biodistribution and sequestration of MGDs was determined to understand the role of chirality mediated spatial arrangement in carbohydrate-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Bavireddi
- Indian Institution of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | | | - Madhuri Gade
- Indian Institution of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Sivakoti Sangabathuni
- Indian Institution of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | | | - Catherine Alex
- Indian Institution of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Hannover, Germany
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institution of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
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108
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Auray G, Keller I, Python S, Gerber M, Bruggmann R, Ruggli N, Summerfield A. Characterization and Transcriptomic Analysis of Porcine Blood Conventional and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Reveals Striking Species-Specific Differences. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4791-4806. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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109
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Expression profile of novel cell surface molecules on different subsets of human peripheral blood antigen-presenting cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e100. [PMID: 27766148 PMCID: PMC5050278 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although major steps have been recently made in understanding the role of the distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DC)/antigen-presenting cells (APC), further studies are required to unravel their precise role, including in-depth immunophenotypic characterisation of these cells. Here, we used eight-colour flow cytometry to investigate the reactivity of a panel of 72 monoclonal antibodies (including those clustered in seven new Cluster of Differentiation, CD) on different subsets of APC in peripheral blood (PB) samples from five healthy adults. These experiments were performed in the context of the Tenth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA10). Plasmacytoid DC was the only cell population that expressed CD85g and CD195, whereas they lacked all of the other molecules investigated. In contrast, myeloid DC mostly expressed inhibitory C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and other inhibitory-associated molecules, whereas monocytes expressed both inhibitory and activating CLRs, together with other phagocytosis-associated receptors. Within monocytes, progressively lower levels of expression were generally observed from classical monocytes (cMo) to SLAN- and SLAN+ non-classical monocytes (ncMo) for most of the molecules expressed, except for the CD368 endocytic receptor. This molecule was found to be positive only in cMo, and the CD369 and CD371 modulating/signalling receptors. In addition, the CD101 inhibitory molecule was found to be expressed at higher levels in SLAN+ vs SLAN- ncMo. In summary, the pattern of expression of the different signalling molecules and receptors analysed in this work varies among the distinct subsets of PB APCs, with similar profiles for molecules within each functional group. These findings suggest unique pattern-recognition and signalling capabilities for distinct subpopulations of APCs, and therefore, diverse functional roles.
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110
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Mulay SR, Eberhard JN, Desai J, Marschner JA, Kumar SVR, Weidenbusch M, Grigorescu M, Lech M, Eltrich N, Müller L, Hans W, Hrabě de Angelis M, Vielhauer V, Hoppe B, Asplin J, Burzlaff N, Herrmann M, Evan A, Anders HJ. Hyperoxaluria Requires TNF Receptors to Initiate Crystal Adhesion and Kidney Stone Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:761-768. [PMID: 27612997 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrarenal crystals trigger inflammation and renal cell necroptosis, processes that involve TNF receptor (TNFR) signaling. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TNFRs also have a direct role in tubular crystal deposition and progression of hyperoxaluria-related CKD. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulated tubular expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in human and murine kidneys with calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrocalcinosis-related CKD compared with controls. Western blot and mRNA expression analyses in mice yielded consistent data. When fed an oxalate-rich diet, wild-type mice developed progressive CKD, whereas Tnfr1-, Tnfr2-, and Tnfr1/2-deficient mice did not. Despite identical levels of hyperoxaluria, Tnfr1-, Tnfr2-, and Tnfr1/2-deficient mice also lacked the intrarenal CaOx deposition and tubular damage observed in wild-type mice. Inhibition of TNFR signaling prevented the induced expression of the crystal adhesion molecules, CD44 and annexin II, in tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and treatment with the small molecule TNFR inhibitor R-7050 partially protected hyperoxaluric mice from nephrocalcinosis and CKD. We conclude that TNFR signaling is essential for CaOx crystal adhesion to the luminal membrane of renal tubules as a fundamental initiating mechanism of oxalate nephropathy. Furthermore, therapeutic blockade of TNFR might delay progressive forms of nephrocalcinosis in oxalate nephropathy, such as primary hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh V R Kumar
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Weidenbusch
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nuru Eltrich
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - John Asplin
- Litholink Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department for Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Andrew Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany;
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111
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Hutten TJA, Thordardottir S, Fredrix H, Janssen L, Woestenenk R, Tel J, Joosten B, Cambi A, Heemskerk MHM, Franssen GM, Boerman OC, Bakker LBH, Jansen JH, Schaap N, Dolstra H, Hobo W. CLEC12A-Mediated Antigen Uptake and Cross-Presentation by Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Efficiently Boost Tumor-Reactive T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2715-25. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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112
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Favier B. Regulation of neutrophil functions through inhibitory receptors: an emerging paradigm in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2016; 273:140-55. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Favier
- CEA, DRF, IMETI, IMVA, UMR 1184, INSERM; Université Paris-Sud; IDMIT Infrastructure; Fontenay-aux-Roses France
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113
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Hang L, Blum AM, Kumar S, Urban JF, Mitreva M, Geary TG, Jardim A, Stevenson MM, Lowell CA, Weinstock JV. Downregulation of the Syk Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Induce Dendritic Cells That Inhibit Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2948-57. [PMID: 27559049 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helminthic infections modulate host immunity and may protect people in less-developed countries from developing immunological diseases. In a murine colitis model, the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri prevents colitis via induction of regulatory dendritic cells (DCs). The mechanism driving the development of these regulatory DCs is unexplored. There is decreased expression of the intracellular signaling pathway spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in intestinal DCs from H. polygyrus bakeri-infected mice. To explore the importance of this observation, it was shown that intestinal DCs from DC-specific Syk(-/-) mice were powerful inhibitors of murine colitis, suggesting that loss of Syk was sufficient to convert these cells into their regulatory phenotype. DCs sense gut flora and damaged epithelium via expression of C-type lectin receptors, many of which signal through the Syk signaling pathway. It was observed that gut DCs express mRNA encoding for C-type lectin (CLEC) 7A, CLEC9A, CLEC12A, and CLEC4N. H. polygyrus bakeri infection downmodulated CLEC mRNA expression in these cells. Focusing on CLEC7A, which encodes for the dectin-1 receptor, flow analysis showed that H. polygyrus bakeri decreases dectin-1 expression on the intestinal DC subsets that drive Th1/Th17 development. DCs become unresponsive to the dectin-1 agonist curdlan and fail to phosphorylate Syk after agonist stimulation. Soluble worm products can block CLEC7A and Syk mRNA expression in gut DCs from uninfected mice after a brief in vitro exposure. Thus, downmodulation of Syk expression and phosphorylation in intestinal DCs could be important mechanisms through which helminths induce regulatory DCs that limit colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hang
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Arthur M Blum
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Sangeeta Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - Timothy G Geary
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mary M Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111;
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114
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Effects of MF59 Adjuvant on Induction of Isotype-Switched IgG Antibodies and Protection after Immunization with T-Dependent Influenza Virus Vaccine in the Absence of CD4+ T Cells. J Virol 2016; 90:6976-6988. [PMID: 27226368 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00339-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED CD4(+) T cells play a central role in orchestrating adaptive immunity. To better understand the roles of CD4(+) T cells in the effects of adjuvants, we investigated the efficacy of a T-dependent influenza virus split vaccine with MF59 or alum in CD4 knockout (CD4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. CD4(+) T cells were required for the induction of IgG antibody responses to the split vaccine and the effects of alum adjuvant. In contrast, MF59 was found to be highly effective in raising isotype-switched IgG antibodies to a T-dependent influenza virus split vaccine in CD4KO mice or CD4-depleted WT mice equivalent to those in intact WT mice, thus overcoming the deficiency of CD4(+) T cells in helping B cells and inducing immunity against influenza virus. Vaccination with the MF59-adjuvanted influenza virus vaccine was able to induce protective CD8(+) T cells and long-lived antibody-secreting cells in CD4KO mice. The effects of MF59 adjuvant in CD4KO mice might be associated with uric acid, inflammatory cytokines, and the recruitment of multiple immune cells at the injection site, but their cellularity and phenotypes were different from those in WT mice. These findings suggest a new paradigm of CD4-independent adjuvant mechanisms, providing the rationales to improve vaccine efficacy in infants, the elderly, immunocompromised patients, as well as healthy adults. IMPORTANCE MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines were licensed for human vaccination, but the detailed mechanisms are not fully elucidated. CD4(+) T cells are required to induce antibody isotype switching and long-term memory responses. In contrast, we discovered that MF59 was highly effective in inducing isotype-switched IgG antibodies and long-term protective immune responses to a T-dependent influenza vaccine independent of CD4(+) T cells. These findings are highly significant for the following reasons: (i) MF59 can overcome a defect of CD4(+) T cells in inducing protective immunity to vaccination with a T-dependent influenza virus vaccine; (ii) a CD4-independent pathway can be an alternative mechanism for certain adjuvants such as MF59; and (iii) this study has significant implications for improving vaccine efficacies in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations.
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115
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- From Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- From Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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116
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Clec4A4 is a regulatory receptor for dendritic cells that impairs inflammation and T-cell immunity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11273. [PMID: 27068492 PMCID: PMC4832068 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise several subsets that are critically involved in the initiation and regulation of immunity. Clec4A4/DC immunoreceptor 2 (DCIR2) is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) exclusively expressed on CD8α− conventional DCs (cDCs). However, how Clec4A4 controls immune responses through regulation of the function of CD8α− cDCs remains unclear. Here we show that Clec4A4 is a regulatory receptor for the activation of CD8α− cDCs that impairs inflammation and T-cell immunity. Clec4a4−/−CD8α− cDCs show enhanced cytokine production and T-cell priming following Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation. Furthermore, Clec4a4−/− mice exhibit TLR-mediated hyperinflammation. On antigenic immunization, Clec4a4−/− mice show not only augmented T-cell responses but also progressive autoimmune pathogenesis. Conversely, Clec4a4−/− mice exhibit resistance to microbial infection, accompanied by enhanced T-cell responses against microbes. Thus, our findings highlight roles of Clec4A4 in regulation of the function of CD8α− cDCs for control of the magnitude and quality of immune response. Clec4A4 is a C-type lectin receptor highly expressed by CD8α− dendritic cells. Here the authors show that its loss of function results in enhanced T cell responses and exacerbated autoimmunity, implicating Clec4A4 in limiting activation of the CD8α− dendritic cells.
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117
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Van Avondt K, van der Linden M, Naccache PH, Egan DA, Meyaard L. Signal Inhibitory Receptor on Leukocytes-1 Limits the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, but Preserves Intracellular Bacterial Killing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3686-94. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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118
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Oğuz AK, Yılmaz ST, Oygür ÇŞ, Çandar T, Sayın I, Kılıçoğlu SS, Ergün İ, Ateş A, Özdağ H, Akar N. Behçet's: A Disease or a Syndrome? Answer from an Expression Profiling Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149052. [PMID: 26890122 PMCID: PMC4758705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, multisystemic inflammatory disorder with unanswered questions regarding its etiology/pathogenesis and classification. Distinct manifestation based subsets, pronounced geographical variations in expression, and discrepant immunological abnormalities raised the question whether Behçet's is "a disease or a syndrome". To answer the preceding question we aimed to display and compare the molecular mechanisms underlying distinct subsets of BD. For this purpose, the expression data of the gene expression profiling and association study on BD by Xavier et al (2013) was retrieved from GEO database and reanalysed by gene expression data analysis/visualization and bioinformatics enrichment tools. There were 15 BD patients (B) and 14 controls (C). Three subsets of BD patients were generated: MB (isolated mucocutaneous manifestations, n = 7), OB (ocular involvement, n = 4), and VB (large vein thrombosis, n = 4). Class comparison analyses yielded the following numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs); B vs C: 4, MB vs C: 5, OB vs C: 151, VB vs C: 274, MB vs OB: 215, MB vs VB: 760, OB vs VB: 984. Venn diagram analysis showed that there were no common DEGs in the intersection "MB vs C" ∩ "OB vs C" ∩ "VB vs C". Cluster analyses successfully clustered distinct expressions of BD. During gene ontology term enrichment analyses, categories with relevance to IL-8 production (MB vs C) and immune response to microorganisms (OB vs C) were differentially enriched. Distinct subsets of BD display distinct expression profiles and different disease associated pathways. Based on these clear discrepancies, the designation as "Behçet's syndrome" (BS) should be encouraged and future research should take into consideration the immunogenetic heterogeneity of BS subsets. Four gene groups, namely, negative regulators of inflammation (CD69, CLEC12A, CLEC12B, TNFAIP3), neutrophil granule proteins (LTF, OLFM4, AZU1, MMP8, DEFA4, CAMP), antigen processing and presentation proteins (CTSS, ERAP1), and regulators of immune response (LGALS2, BCL10, ITCH, CEACAM8, CD36, IL8, CCL4, EREG, NFKBIZ, CCR2, CD180, KLRC4, NFAT5) appear to be instrumental in BS immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kemal Oğuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Çağdaş Şahap Oygür
- Department of Internal Medicine, Başkent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Çandar
- Department of Biochemistry, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irmak Sayın
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Serin Kılıçoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İhsan Ergün
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aşkın Ateş
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Özdağ
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejat Akar
- Department of Pediatrics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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119
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Mulay SR, Desai J, Kumar SV, Eberhard JN, Thomasova D, Romoli S, Grigorescu M, Kulkarni OP, Popper B, Vielhauer V, Zuchtriegel G, Reichel C, Bräsen JH, Romagnani P, Bilyy R, Munoz LE, Herrmann M, Liapis H, Krautwald S, Linkermann A, Anders HJ. Cytotoxicity of crystals involves RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10274. [PMID: 26817517 PMCID: PMC4738349 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals cause injury in numerous disorders, and induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome, however, it remains unclear how crystals induce cell death. Here we report that crystals of calcium oxalate, monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and cystine trigger caspase-independent cell death in five different cell types, which is blocked by necrostatin-1. RNA interference for receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) or mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL), two core proteins of the necroptosis pathway, blocks crystal cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, deficiency of RIPK3 or MLKL prevents oxalate crystal-induced acute kidney injury. The related tissue inflammation drives TNF-α-related necroptosis. Also in human oxalate crystal-related acute kidney injury, dying tubular cells stain positive for phosphorylated MLKL. Furthermore, necrostatin-1 and necrosulfonamide, an inhibitor for human MLKL suppress crystal-induced cell death in human renal progenitor cells. Together, TNF-α/TNFR1, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL are molecular targets to limit crystal-induced cytotoxicity, tissue injury and organ failure. Kidney stone disease is caused by accumulation of oxalate crystals, which trigger tissue injury, inflammation and cell death. Mulay et al. show that crystals induce cell death in the kidney through necroptosis, and propose that this pathway may be a target for the treatment of crystal-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Eberhard
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Dana Thomasova
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Simone Romoli
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of De Novo Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Helen Liapis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Nephropath, Little Rock, Arkansas 72211, USA
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, München, Munich 80336, Germany
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120
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Abstract
The bidirectional causality between kidney injury and inflammation remains an area of unexpected discoveries. The last decade unraveled the molecular mechanisms of sterile inflammation, which established danger signaling via pattern recognition receptors as a new concept of kidney injury-related inflammation. In contrast, renal cell necrosis remained considered a passive process executed either by the complement-related membrane attack complex, exotoxins, or cytotoxic T cells. Accumulating data now suggest that renal cell necrosis is a genetically determined and regulated process involving specific outside-in signaling pathways. These findings support a unifying theory in which kidney injury and inflammation are reciprocally enhanced in an autoamplification loop, referred to here as necroinflammation. This integrated concept is of potential clinical importance because it offers numerous innovative molecular targets for limiting kidney injury by blocking cell death, inflammation, or both. Here, the contribution of necroinflammation to AKI is discussed in thrombotic microangiopathies, necrotizing and crescentic GN, acute tubular necrosis, and infective pyelonephritis or sepsis. Potential new avenues are further discussed for abrogating necroinflammation-related kidney injury, and questions and strategies are listed for further exploration in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; and
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121
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Bavireddi H, Vasudeva Murthy R, Gade M, Sangabathuni S, Kikkeri R. Supramolecular metalloglycodendrimers selectively modulate lectin binding and delivery of Ru(ii) complexes into mammalian cells. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10816-10821. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host–guest interactions was used for controlled delivery of the Ru(ii)-glycodendrimers into cancer cells to induce cytotoxicity by reacting with the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madhuri Gade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
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122
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Blanco-Menéndez N, Del Fresno C, Fernandes S, Calvo E, Conde-Garrosa R, Kerr WG, Sancho D. SHIP-1 Couples to the Dectin-1 hemITAM and Selectively Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Dendritic Cells in Response to Candida albicans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4466-4478. [PMID: 26416276 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dectin-1 (Clec7a) is a paradigmatic C-type lectin receptor that binds Syk through a hemITAM motif and couples sensing of pathogens such as fungi to induction of innate responses. Dectin-1 engagement triggers a plethora of activating events, but little is known about the modulation of such pathways. Trying to define a more precise picture of early Dectin-1 signaling, we explored the interactome of the intracellular tail of the receptor in mouse dendritic cells. We found unexpected binding of SHIP-1 phosphatase to the phosphorylated hemITAM. SHIP-1 colocalized with Dectin-1 during phagocytosis of zymosan in a hemITAM-dependent fashion. Moreover, endogenous SHIP-1 relocated to live or heat-killed Candida albicans-containing phagosomes in a Dectin-1-dependent manner in GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells (GM-BM). However, SHIP-1 absence in GM-BM did not affect activation of MAPK or production of cytokines and readouts dependent on NF-κB and NFAT. Notably, ROS production was enhanced in SHIP-1-deficient GM-BM treated with heat-killed C. albicans, live C. albicans, or the specific Dectin-1 agonists curdlan or whole glucan particles. This increased oxidative burst was dependent on Dectin-1, Syk, PI3K, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, and NADPH oxidase. GM-BM from CD11c∆SHIP-1 mice also showed increased killing activity against live C. albicans that was dependent on Dectin-1, Syk, and NADPH oxidase. These results illustrate the complexity of myeloid C-type lectin receptor signaling, and how an activating hemITAM can also couple to intracellular inositol phosphatases to modulate selected functional responses and tightly regulate processes such as ROS production that could be deleterious to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Blanco-Menéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Fresno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomic Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Conde-Garrosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - William G Kerr
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Pediatrics Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Chemistry Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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123
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Kiyotake R, Oh-Hora M, Ishikawa E, Miyamoto T, Ishibashi T, Yamasaki S. Human Mincle Binds to Cholesterol Crystals and Triggers Innate Immune Responses. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25322-32. [PMID: 26296894 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are an emerging family of pattern recognition receptors that recognizes pathogens or damaged tissue to trigger innate immune responses. However, endogenous ligands for CLRs are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to identify an endogenous ligand(s) for human macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (hMincle). A particular fraction of lipid extracts from liver selectively activated reporter cells expressing hMincle. MS analysis determined the chemical structure of the active component as cholesterol. Purified cholesterol in plate-coated and crystalized forms activates reporter cells expressing hMincle but not murine Mincle (mMincle). Cholesterol crystals are known to activate immune cells and induce inflammatory responses through lysosomal damage. However, direct innate immune receptors for cholesterol crystals have not been identified. Murine macrophages transfected with hMincle responded to cholesterol crystals by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Human dendritic cells expressed a set of inflammatory genes in response to cholesterol crystals, and this was inhibited by anti-human Mincle. Importantly, other related CLRs did not bind cholesterol crystals, whereas other steroids were not recognized by hMincle. These results suggest that cholesterol crystals are an endogenous ligand for hMincle and that they activate innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kiyotake
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Masatsugu Oh-Hora
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- the Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, and
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, the Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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124
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Redelinghuys P, Whitehead L, Augello A, Drummond RA, Levesque JM, Vautier S, Reid DM, Kerscher B, Taylor JA, Nigrovic PA, Wright J, Murray GI, Willment JA, Hocking LJ, Fernandes MJG, De Bari C, Mcinnes IB, Brown GD. MICL controls inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1386-91. [PMID: 26275430 PMCID: PMC4941174 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor (MICL, Clec12A) is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) expressed predominantly by myeloid cells. Previous studies have suggested that MICL is involved in controlling inflammation. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of this CLR in inflammatory pathology using Clec12A(-/-) mice. METHODS Clec12A(-/-) mice were generated commercially and primarily characterised using the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model. Mechanisms and progress of disease were characterised by clinical scoring, histology, flow cytometry, irradiation bone-marrow chimera generation, administration of blocking antibodies and in vivo imaging. Characterisation of MICL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was determined by immunohistochemistry and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Anti-MICL antibodies were detected in patient serum by ELISA and dot-blot analysis. RESULTS MICL-deficient animals did not present with pan-immune dysfunction, but exhibited markedly exacerbated inflammation during CAIA, owing to the inappropriate activation of myeloid cells. Polymorphisms of MICL were not associated with disease in patients with RA, but this CLR was the target of autoantibodies in a subset of patients with RA. In wild-type mice the administration of such antibodies recapitulated the Clec12A(-/-) phenotype. CONCLUSIONS MICL plays an essential role in regulating inflammation during arthritis and is an autoantigen in a subset of patients with RA. These data suggest an entirely new mechanism underlying RA pathogenesis, whereby the threshold of myeloid cell activation can be modulated by autoantibodies that bind to cell membrane-expressed inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Whitehead
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrea Augello
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jean-Michel Levesque
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Vautier
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Delyth M Reid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Julie A Taylor
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Wright
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Division of Applied Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Janet A Willment
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lynne J Hocking
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maria J G Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Iain B Mcinnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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125
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Naranbhai V, Fairfax BP, Makino S, Humburg P, Wong D, Ng E, Hill AVS, Knight JC. Genomic modulators of gene expression in human neutrophils. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7545. [PMID: 26151758 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils form the most abundant leukocyte subset and are central to many disease processes. Technical challenges in transcriptomic profiling have prohibited genomic approaches to date. Here we map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in peripheral blood CD16+ neutrophils from 101 healthy European adults. We identify cis-eQTL for 3281 neutrophil-expressed genes including many implicated in neutrophil function, with 450 of these not previously observed in myeloid or lymphoid cells. Paired comparison with monocyte eQTL demonstrates nuanced conditioning of genetic regulation of gene expression by cellular context, which relates to cell-type-specific DNA methylation and histone modifications. Neutrophil eQTL are markedly enriched for trait-associated variants particularly autoimmune, allergy and infectious disease. We further demonstrate how eQTL in PADI4 and NOD2 delineate risk variant function in rheumatoid arthritis, leprosy and Crohn's disease. Taken together, these data help advance understanding of the genetics of gene expression, neutrophil biology and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Naranbhai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Seiko Makino
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter Humburg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel Wong
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Esther Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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126
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Gordon S, Plüddemann A, Martinez Estrada F. Macrophage heterogeneity in tissues: phenotypic diversity and functions. Immunol Rev 2015; 262:36-55. [PMID: 25319326 PMCID: PMC4231239 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During development and throughout adult life, macrophages derived from hematopoietic progenitors are seeded throughout the body, initially in the absence of inflammatory and infectious stimuli as tissue-resident cells, with enhanced recruitment, activation, and local proliferation following injury and pathologic insults. We have learned a great deal about macrophage properties ex vivo and in cell culture, but their phenotypic heterogeneity within different tissue microenvironments remains poorly characterized, although it contributes significantly to maintaining local and systemic homeostasis, pathogenesis, and possible treatment. In this review, we summarize the nature, functions, and interactions of tissue macrophage populations within their microenvironment and suggest questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamon Gordon
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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127
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Begun J, Lassen KG, Jijon HB, Baxt LA, Goel G, Heath RJ, Ng A, Tam JM, Kuo SY, Villablanca EJ, Fagbami L, Oosting M, Kumar V, Schenone M, Carr SA, Joosten LAB, Vyas JM, Daly MJ, Netea MG, Brown GD, Wijmenga C, Xavier RJ. Integrated Genomics of Crohn's Disease Risk Variant Identifies a Role for CLEC12A in Antibacterial Autophagy. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1905-18. [PMID: 26095365 PMCID: PMC4507440 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphism ATG16L1 T300A, associated with increased risk of Crohn’s disease, impairs pathogen defense mechanisms including selective autophagy, but specific pathway interactions altered by the risk allele remain unknown. Here, we use perturbational profiling of human peripheral blood cells to reveal that CLEC12A is regulated in an ATG16L1-T300A-dependent manner. Antibacterial autophagy is impaired in CLEC12A-deficient cells, and this effect is exacerbated in the presence of the ATG16L1∗300A risk allele. Clec12a−/− mice are more susceptible to Salmonella infection, supporting a role for CLEC12A in antibacterial defense pathways in vivo. CLEC12A is recruited to sites of bacterial entry, bacteria-autophagosome complexes, and sites of sterile membrane damage. Integrated genomics identified a functional interaction between CLEC12A and an E3-ubiquitin ligase complex that functions in antibacterial autophagy. These data identify CLEC12A as early adaptor molecule for antibacterial autophagy and highlight perturbational profiling as a method to elucidate defense pathways in complex genetic disease. Integrated genomics reveals risk-allele-specific autophagy pathway interactions CLEC12A is important for antibacterial autophagy in epithelial and immune cells CLEC12A knockdown amplifies antibacterial autophagy defects in ATG16L1∗300A cells Clec12a−/− mice are more susceptible to Salmonella infection in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Begun
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Kara G Lassen
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Humberto B Jijon
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Leigh A Baxt
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert J Heath
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aylwin Ng
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jenny M Tam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Szu-Yu Kuo
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lola Fagbami
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Schenone
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, CLSM, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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128
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Mullen LM, Chamberlain G, Sacre S. Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:122. [PMID: 25975607 PMCID: PMC4432834 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are part of the first line of defence against pathogens. However, they also have the ability to respond to danger signals that are frequently elevated during tissue damage and at sites of inflammation. Inadvertent activation of pattern recognition receptors has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many conditions including inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Prolonged inflammation most often results in pain and damage to tissues. In particular, the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptors that form inflammasomes have been postulated as key contributors to the inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout and systemic lupus erythematosus. As such, there is increasing interest in targeting these receptors for therapeutic treatment in the clinic. Here the role of pattern recognition receptors in the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed, with an update on the development of interventions to modulate the activity of these potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
| | | | - Sandra Sacre
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
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129
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Oğuz AK, Yılmaz S, Akar N, Özdağ H, Gürler A, Ateş A, Oygür ÇŞ, Kılıçoğlu SS, Demirtaş S. C-type lectin domain family 12, member A: A common denominator in Behçet's syndrome and acute gouty arthritis. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:186-91. [PMID: 25957656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin domain family 12, member A (CLEC12A) is a C-type lectin-like pattern recognition receptor capable of recognizing monosodium urate crystals. Monosodium urate crystals, the causative agents of gout are also among the danger-associated molecular patterns reflecting cellular injury/cell death. In response to monosodium urate crystals, CLEC12A effectively inhibits granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage functions and hence acts as a negative regulator of inflammation. Behçet's syndrome and gout are autoinflammatory disorders sharing certain pathological (neutrophilic inflammation), clinical (exaggerated response to monosodium urate crystals) and therapeutic (colchicine) features. We propose the hypothesis that decreased expression of CLEC12A is a common denominator in the hyperinflammatory responses observed in Behçet's syndrome and gout. Major lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis are: (1) Downregulation/deficiency of CLEC12A is associated with hyperinflammatory responses. (2) CLEC12A polymorphisms with functional and clinical implications have been documented in other inflammatory diseases. (3) Colchicine, a fundamental therapeutic agent used both in Behçet's syndrome and gout is shown to oppose the downregulation of CLEC12A. (4) Behçet's syndrome and gout are characterized by a hyperinflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals and other than gout, Behçet's syndrome is the only inflammatory condition exhibiting this exaggerated response. (5) Genomewide linkage and association studies of Behçet's syndrome collectively point to 12p12-13, the chromosomal region harboring CLEC12A. (6) Patients with severe forms of Behçet's syndrome underexpress CLEC12A with respect to patients with mild forms of the disease. If supported by well-designed, rigorous experiments, the forementioned hypothesis pertinent to CLEC12A will carry important implications for therapy, designing experimental models, and uncovering immunopathogenic mechanisms in Behçet's syndrome and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kemal Oğuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Seda Yılmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejat Akar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Özdağ
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Gürler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aşkın Ateş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Şahap Oygür
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Serin Kılıçoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selda Demirtaş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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130
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Rabes A, Zimmermann S, Reppe K, Lang R, Seeberger PH, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M, Lepenies B, Opitz B. The C-type lectin receptor Mincle binds to Streptococcus pneumoniae but plays a limited role in the anti-pneumococcal innate immune response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117022. [PMID: 25658823 PMCID: PMC4319728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system employs C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) to recognize carbohydrate structures on pathogens and self-antigens. The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a FcRγ-coupled CLR that was shown to bind to mycobacterial cord factor as well as certain fungal species. However, since CLR functions during bacterial infections have not yet been investigated thoroughly, we aimed to examine their function in Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Binding studies using a library of recombinantly expressed CLR-Fc fusion proteins indicated a specific, Ca2+-dependent, and serotype-specific binding of Mincle to S. pneumonia. Subsequent experiments with different Mincle-expressing cells as well as Mincle-deficient mice, however, revealed a limited role of this receptor in bacterial phagocytosis, neutrophil-mediated killing, cytokine production, and antibacterial immune response during pneumonia. Collectively, our results indicate that Mincle is able to recognize S. pneumonia but is not required for the anti-pneumococcal innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rabes
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zimmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (BO); (BL)
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (BO); (BL)
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131
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Johannssen T, Lepenies B. Identification and Characterization of Carbohydrate-Based Adjuvants. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1331:173-87. [PMID: 26169741 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2874-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern vaccines such as recombinant proteins or nucleic acids are usually of pure origin, enhancing their tolerability and overall safety. However, this purity often renders them less immunogenic, creating the need for potent adjuvants. Carbohydrates are promising candidates to fulfill this role as they enable direct targeting of dendritic cells and modulation of adaptive immunity. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) comprise a major group of carbohydrate binding receptors. As they are predominantly expressed by cells of innate immunity, CLR targeting can enhance or dampen early stages of cytokine secretion and antigen presentation, thus modulate the activation and differentiation of T cells. Here, we provide a protocol for the identification of novel CLR ligands by glycan array using recombinant CLR-Fc chimeras followed by the covalent conjugation of carbohydrate CLR ligands to the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). The resulting glycoconjugates are subsequently used to evaluate T cell activation in vitro and immunomodulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Johannssen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany,
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132
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Dambuza IM, Brown GD. C-type lectins in immunity: recent developments. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 32:21-7. [PMID: 25553393 PMCID: PMC4589735 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CLRs play an essential role in immunity to fungi and mycobacteria. CLRs are involved in the regulation of homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy. CLRs recognise and trigger cellular responses to dead and cancerous cells.
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) comprise a large superfamily of proteins, which recognise a diverse range of ligands, and are defined by the presence of at least one C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD). Of particular interest are the single extracellular CTLD-containing receptors of the ‘Dectin-1’ and ‘Dectin-2’ clusters, which associate with signalling adaptors or possess integral intracellular signalling domains. These CLRs have traditionally been associated with the recognition of fungi, but recent discoveries have revealed diverse and unexpected functions. In this review, we describe their newly identified roles in anti-microbial host defence, homeostasis, autoimmunity, allergy and their functions in the recognition and response to dead and cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy M Dambuza
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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133
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Huebener P, Pradere JP, Hernandez C, Gwak GY, Caviglia JM, Mu X, Loike JD, Schwabe RF. The HMGB1/RAGE axis triggers neutrophil-mediated injury amplification following necrosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:539-50. [PMID: 25562324 DOI: 10.1172/jci76887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to microbially triggered inflammation, mechanisms promoting sterile inflammation remain poorly understood. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are considered key inducers of sterile inflammation following cell death, but the relative contribution of specific DAMPs, including high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is ill defined. Due to the postnatal lethality of Hmgb1-knockout mice, the role of HMGB1 in sterile inflammation and disease processes in vivo remains controversial. Here, using conditional ablation strategies, we have demonstrated that epithelial, but not bone marrow-derived, HMGB1 is required for sterile inflammation following injury. Epithelial HMGB1, through its receptor RAGE, triggered recruitment of neutrophils, but not macrophages, toward necrosis. In clinically relevant models of necrosis, HMGB1/RAGE-induced neutrophil recruitment mediated subsequent amplification of injury, depending on the presence of neutrophil elastase. Notably, hepatocyte-specific HMGB1 ablation resulted in 100% survival following lethal acetaminophen intoxication. In contrast to necrosis, HMGB1 ablation did not alter inflammation or mortality in response to TNF- or FAS-mediated apoptosis. In LPS-induced shock, in which HMGB1 was considered a key mediator, HMGB1 ablation did not ameliorate inflammation or lethality, despite efficient reduction of HMGB1 serum levels. Our study establishes HMGB1 as a bona fide and targetable DAMP that selectively triggers a neutrophil-mediated injury amplification loop in the setting of necrosis.
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134
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Hari A, Ganguly A, Mu L, Davis SP, Stenner MD, Lam R, Munro F, Namet I, Alghamdi E, Fürstenhaupt T, Dong W, Detampel P, Shen LJ, Amrein MW, Yates RM, Shi Y. Redirecting soluble antigen for MHC class I cross-presentation during phagocytosis. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:383-95. [PMID: 25378230 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptides presented by MHC class I molecules are mostly derived from proteins synthesized by the antigen-presenting cell itself, while peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are predominantly from materials acquired by endocytosis. External antigens can also be presented by MHC class I molecules in a process referred to as cross-presentation. Here, we report that mouse dendritic cell (DC) engagement to a phagocytic target alters endocytic processing and inhibits the proteolytic activities. During phagocytosis, endosome maturation is delayed, shows less progression toward the lysosome, and the endocytosed soluble antigen is targeted for MHC class I cross-presentation. The antigen processing in these arrested endosomes is under the control of NAPDH oxidase associated ROS. We also show that cathepsin S is responsible for the generation of the MHC class I epitope. Taken together, our results suggest that in addition to solid structure uptake, DC phagocytosis simultaneously modifies the kinetics of endosomal trafficking and maturation. As a consequence, external soluble antigens are targeted into the MHC class I cross-presentation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Hari
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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135
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Trendelenburg G. Molecular regulation of cell fate in cerebral ischemia: role of the inflammasome and connected pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:1857-67. [PMID: 25227604 PMCID: PMC4269743 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Analogous to Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors represent a class of pattern recognition receptors, which are cytosolic and constitute part of different inflammasomes. These large protein complexes are activated not only by different pathogens, but also by sterile inflammation or by specific metabolic conditions. Mutations can cause hereditary autoinflammatory systemic diseases, and inflammasome activation has been linked to many multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. Increasing data also support an important role in different central nervous diseases such as stroke. Thus, the current knowledge of the functional role of this intracellular 'master switch' of inflammation is discussed with a focus on its role in ischemic stroke, neurodegeneration, and also with regard to the recent data which argues for a relevant role in other organs or biologic systems which influence stroke incidence or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Trendelenburg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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136
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Iborra S, Sancho D. Signalling versatility following self and non-self sensing by myeloid C-type lectin receptors. Immunobiology 2014; 220:175-84. [PMID: 25269828 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Among myeloid immune receptors, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) have a remarkable capacity to sense a variety of self and non-self ligands. The coupling of CLRs to different signal transduction modules is influenced not only by the receptor, but also by the nature, density and architecture of the ligand, which can affect the rate of receptor internalization and trafficking to diverse intracellular compartments. Understanding how the variety of self and non-self ligands triggers differential CLR signalling and function presents a fascinating biological challenge. Non-self ligands usually promote inflammation and immunity, whereas self ligands are frequently involved in communication and tolerance. But pathogens can mimic self-inhibitory signals to escape immune surveillance, and endogenous ligands can contribute to the sensing of pathogens through CLRs. In this review, we survey the complexity and flexibility in functional outcome found in the myeloid CLRs, which is not only based on their differing intracellular motifs, but is also conditioned by the physical nature, affinity and avidity of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Iborra
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, CNIC-Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III", Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Sancho
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, CNIC-Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III", Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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137
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Abstract
Immune activation as a result of the recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns needs to be controlled. In this issue of Immunity, Neumann et al. (2014) demonstrates that Clec12a is a receptor for dead cells through the recognition of uric acid crystals and contributes to the dampening of the responses.
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