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Guo Y, Xie Y, Luo Y. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851004. [PMID: 35222443 PMCID: PMC8863945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complicated process caused by successive genetic and epigenetic alterations. The past decades demonstrated that the immune system affects tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Although increasing immunotherapies are revealed, only a tiny proportion of them are effective. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNA molecules larger than 200 nucleotides and are essential in the molecular network of oncology and immunology. Increasing researches have focused on the connection between lncRNAs and cancer immunotherapy. However, the in-depth mechanisms are still elusive. In this review, we outline the latest studies on the functions of lncRNAs in the tumor immune microenvironment. Via participating in various biological processes such as neutrophil recruitment, macrophage polarization, NK cells cytotoxicity, and T cells functions, lncRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, tumor invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. In addition, we reviewed the current understanding of the relevant strategies for targeting lncRNAs. LncRNAs-based therapeutics may represent promising approaches in serving as prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets in cancer, providing ideas for future research and clinical application on cancer diagnosis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajuan Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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Wang S, Zhen L, Li X, Fu X, Li P, Zhang D. Search for Key Genes and Functional Pathways of Ulcerative Colitis to Colon Cancer Based on Bioinformatics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857148. [PMID: 35372018 PMCID: PMC8965385 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent and diffuse inflammatory disease of the intestine. It is widely prevalent in developed countries. Approximately 30% of patients with UC suffer from widespread and aggressive colitis and are at increased risk of colon cancer. In this study, the genetic features and potential molecular mechanisms shared between UC and colorectal cancer were investigated. The datasets from GEO and TCGA were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes, of which there were 116 overlapping genes. A module containing 15 genes was obtained using String and Cytoscape to analyze the module and identify hub genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify co-expression modules associated with UC and colon cancer, with 52 overlapping genes. Functional clustering of the two gene cohorts was performed using the Metascape online tool, with three significant functions or pathways associated with both gene cohorts. A total of 19 key genes were included, and CCT2 was identified after expression and survival analyses. CCT2 is highly expressed in colon cancer and lowly expressed in UC, and its low expression is associated with a poor prognostic ratio. This study reveals, for the first time, that CCT2 may be a promoter of UC transformation into colon cancer and identifies new gene candidates that could be used as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbao Wang
- Emergency Center, Gansu Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center,Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhen
- Infectious Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Digestive Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Emergency Center, Gansu Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center,Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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103
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Lv Z, Feng HY, Wang T, Ma X, Zhang X. Preoperative systemic inflammation response index indicates poor prognosis in patients treated with resection of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:167.e9-167.e19. [PMID: 35042663 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic value of systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (RCC-IVCTT) treated with radical nephrectomy and IVCTT thrombectomy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 144 consecutive patients with RCC-IVCTT who received radical nephrectomy and IVCTT thrombectomy at our center from January 2008 to August 2018. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal cutoff value of preoperative SIRI. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify the independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. The Harrell concordance index (C-index) was used to assess whether preoperative SIRI could improve the predictive accuracy of the existent prognostic models including Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage model, University of California at Los Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS) model and Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis (SSIGN) model. RESULTS Elevated preoperative SIRI was significantly correlated with clinicopathologic features that are associated with tumor progression. Patients were divided into a high or low SIRI group by the optimal cutoff value of SIRI. Patients in the high SIRI group had longer postoperative hospital stays and lost more blood during surgery. Kaplan Meier curve showed that high SIRI was correlated with decreased OS (P = 0.036) and PFS (P = 0.039) for patients with RCC-IVCTT after surgery. Increased preoperative SIRI was an independently risk factor for decreased OS (P = 0.038) and PFS (P = 0.021). To evaluate PFS, integrating SIRI to each model led to an increased predictive accuracy of 13.2% for TNM staging model (P = 0.007), 14.4% for UISS model (P = 0.000), 12.9% for SSIGN model (P = 0.003). To evaluate OS, integrating SIRI to each model led to an increased predictive accuracy of 13.2% for TNM staging model (P = 0.006), 12.8% for UISS model (P = 0.004), 12.4% for SSIGN model (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative SIRI serves as an independent predictor of prognosis for patients with RCC-IVCTT after surgery. Adding preoperative SIRI to the established prognostic models enhance their predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lv
- Department of Urology, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital Affiliated of Nankai University; Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yi Feng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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104
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Xiong T, He P, Zhou M, Zhong D, Yang T, He W, Xu Z, Chen Z, Liu YW, Dai SS. Glutamate blunts cell-killing effects of neutrophils in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1955-1967. [PMID: 35363928 PMCID: PMC9207372 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first defenders of the innate system for injury and infection. They have gradually been recognized as important participants in tumor initiation and development due to their heterogeneity and plasticity. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), neutrophils can exert antitumor and protumor functions, depending on the surroundings. Tumor cells systemically alter intracellular amino acid (AA) metabolism and extracellular AA distribution to meet their proliferation need, leading to metabolic reprogramming and TME reshaping. However, the underlying mechanisms that determine how altered AAs affect neutrophils in TME are less‐explored. Here, we identified that abundant glutamate releasing from tumor cells blunted neutrophils’ cell‐killing effects toward tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometric detection, flow cytometry, and western blot experiments proved that increased levels of pSTAT3/RAB10/ARF4, mediated by glutamate, were accompanied with immunosuppressive phenotypes of neutrophils in TME. We also discovered that riluzole, an FDA‐approved glutamate release inhibitor, significantly inhibited tumor growth by restoring neutrophils’ cell‐killing effects and decreasing glutamate secretion from tumor cells. These findings highlight the importance of tumor‐released glutamate on neutrophil transformation in TME, providing new possible cancer treatments targeting altered glutamate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Dan Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wenhui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zongtao Chen
- Health Management Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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105
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. CD8 + T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Disease and Cancer-Clinical Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864298. [PMID: 35432340 PMCID: PMC9010719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity is a sign of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and cancer. CD8+ T cells are important cells of the immune system. The cells belong to the adaptive immunity and take a front-line defense against viral infections and cancer. Extreme CD8+ T-cell activities in the lung of patients with a SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and within the tumor microenvironment (TME) will change their functionality into exhausted state and undergo apoptosis. Such diminished immunity will put cancer cases at a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, rendering viral sepsis and a more severe condition which will finally cause a higher rate of mortality. Recovering responses from CD8+ T cells is a purpose of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to discuss the CD8+ T cellular state in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and in cancer and to present some strategies for recovering the functionality of these critical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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106
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Bao C, Wang H, Fang H. Genomic Evidence Supports the Recognition of Endometriosis as an Inflammatory Systemic Disease and Reveals Disease-Specific Therapeutic Potentials of Targeting Neutrophil Degranulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:758440. [PMID: 35401535 PMCID: PMC8983833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.758440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis, classically viewed as a localized disease, is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease with multi-organ effects. This disease is highlighted by systemic inflammation in affected organs and by high comorbidity with immune-mediated diseases. Results We provide genomic evidence to support the recognition of endometriosis as an inflammatory systemic disease. This was achieved through our genomics-led target prioritization, called ‘END’, that leverages the value of multi-layered genomic datasets (including genome-wide associations in disease, regulatory genomics, and protein interactome). Our prioritization recovered existing proof-of-concept therapeutic targeting in endometriosis and outperformed competing prioritization approaches (Open Targets and Naïve prioritization). Target genes at the leading prioritization revealed molecular hallmarks (and possibly the cellular basis as well) that are consistent with systemic disease manifestations. Pathway crosstalk-based attack analysis identified the critical gene AKT1. In the context of this gene, we further identified genes that are already targeted by licensed medications in other diseases, such as ESR1. Such analysis was supported by current interests targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in endometriosis and by the fact that therapeutic agents targeting ESR1 are now under active clinical trials in disease. The construction of cross-disease prioritization map enabled the identification of shared and distinct targets between endometriosis and immune-mediated diseases. Shared target genes identified opportunities for repurposing existing immunomodulators, particularly disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (such as TNF, IL6 and IL6R blockades, and JAK inhibitors). Genes highly prioritized only in endometriosis revealed disease-specific therapeutic potentials of targeting neutrophil degranulation – the exocytosis that can facilitate metastasis-like spread to distant organs causing inflammatory-like microenvironments. Conclusion Improved target prioritization, along with an atlas of in silico predicted targets and repurposed drugs (available at https://23verse.github.io/end), provides genomic insights into endometriosis, reveals disease-specific therapeutic potentials, and expands the existing theories on the origin of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengru Wang
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hai Fang,
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107
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Chen Y, Guo Y, Li S, Xu J, Wang X, Ning W, Ma L, Qu Y, Zhang M, Zhang H. Identification of N6-Methyladenosine-Related lncRNAs as a Prognostic Signature in Glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:789283. [PMID: 35311131 PMCID: PMC8927984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.789283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most abundant modification in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Current studies have shown that the abnormal expression of m6A-related genes is closely associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of glioma. However, the role of m6A-related lncRNAs in glioma development is still unclear. Herein, we screened 566 m6A-related lncRNAs in glioma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression pattern of these lncRNAs could cluster samples into two groups, in which various classical tumor-related functions and the tumor immune microenvironment were significantly different. Subsequently, a nine-factor m6A-related lncRNA prognostic signature (MLPS) was constructed by using a LASSO regression analysis in the training set and was validated in the test set and independent datasets. The AUC values of the MLPS were 0.881, 0.918 and 0.887 for 1-, 3- and 5-year survival in the training set, respectively, and 0.856, 0.916 and 0.909 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival in the test set, respectively. Stratification analyses of the MLPS illustrated its prognostic performance in gliomas with different characteristics. Correlation analyses showed that the infiltrations of monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were significantly relevant to the risk score in the MLPS. Moreover, we detected the expression of four MLPS factors with defined sequences in glioma and normal cells by using RT-PCR. Afterwards, we investigated the functions of LNCTAM34A (one of the MLPS factors) in glioma cells, which have rarely been reported. Via in vitro experiments, LNCTAM34A was demonstrated to promote the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioma cells. Overall, our study revealed the critical role of m6A-related lncRNAs in glioma and elucidated that LNCTAM34A could promote glioma proliferation, migration and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuduo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mi J, Ma S, Chen W, Kang M, Xu M, Liu C, Li B, Wu F, Liu F, Zhang Y, Wang R, Jiang L. Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of KIF15 Reveals Its Diagnosis and Prognosis Value in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:772816. [PMID: 35359374 PMCID: PMC8963360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.772816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundKIF15 plays a vital role in many biological processes and has been reported to influence the occurrence and development of certain human cancers. However, there are few systematic evaluations on the role of KIF15 in human cancers, and the role of KIF15 in the diagnosis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) also remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a pan-cancer analysis of KIF15 and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic potential in NPC.MethodsThe expression pattern, prognostic value, molecular function, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, and immune cell infiltration of KIF15 were examined based on public databases. Next, the diagnostic value of KIF15 in NPC was analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression analyses, and nomograms were used to evaluate the effects of KIF15 expression on NPC prognosis. Finally, the effect of KIF15 on NPC was explored by in vitro experiments.ResultsThe expression of KIF15 was significantly upregulated in 20 out of 33 cancer types compared to adjacent normal tissue. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment (KEGG) analysis showed that KIF15 could participate in several cancer-related pathways. The increased expression level of KIF15 was correlated with worse clinical outcomes in many types of human cancers. Additionally, KIF15 expression was related to cancer infiltration of immune cells, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability. In the analysis of NPC, KIF15 was significantly upregulated based on the GEO database and immunohistochemistry. A high expression of KIF15 was negatively associated with the prognosis of patients with NPC. A nomogram model integrating clinical characteristics and KIF15 expression was established, and it showed good predictive ability with an area under the curve value of 0.73. KIF15 knockdown significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation and migration.ConclusionsOur findings revealed the important and functional role of KIF15 as an oncogene in pan-cancer. Moreover, high expression of KIF15 was found in NPC tissues, and was correlated with poor prognosis in NPC. KIF15 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Mi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Oncology, Yunfu People’s Hospital, Yunfu, China
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Fengju Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Li Jiang, ; Rensheng Wang,
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Li Jiang, ; Rensheng Wang,
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Cha HK, Cheon S, Kim H, Lee KM, Ryu HS, Han D. Discovery of Proteins Responsible for Resistance to Three Chemotherapy Drugs in Breast Cancer Cells Using Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061762. [PMID: 35335125 PMCID: PMC8954867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a daunting obstacle to the effective treatment of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Although the mechanism of chemotherapy drug resistance has been explored broadly, the precise mechanism at the proteome level remains unclear. Especially, comparative studies between widely used anticancer drugs in breast cancer are very limited. In this study, we employed proteomics and bioinformatics approaches on chemoresistant breast cancer cell lines to understand the underlying resistance mechanisms that resulted from doxorubicin (DR), paclitaxel (PR), and tamoxifen (TAR). In total, 10,385 proteins were identified and quantified from three TMT 6-plex and one TMT 10-plex experiments. Bioinformatics analysis showed that Notch signaling, immune response, and protein re-localization processes were uniquely associated with DR, PR, and TAR resistance, respectively. In addition, proteomic signatures related to drug resistance were identified as potential targets of many FDA-approved drugs. Furthermore, we identified potential prognostic proteins with significant effects on overall survival. Representatively, PLXNB2 expression was associated with a highly significant increase in risk, and downregulation of ACOX3 was correlated with a worse overall survival rate. Consequently, our study provides new insights into the proteomic aspects of the distinct mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyeong Cha
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.C.); (H.K.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Hyeyoon Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.C.); (H.K.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Dohyun Han
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.K.C.); (H.K.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.S.R.); (D.H.)
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110
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Wang Q, Tan X, Deng G, Fu S, Li J, Li Z. Dynamic changes in the systemic immune-inflammation index predict the prognosis of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving brain metastasis radiotherapy. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35241046 PMCID: PMC8895866 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has recently emerged as a predictor of survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients. There is also tight correlation between radiotherapy and immune status, and brain metastases (BM) radiotherapy is an important treatment in patients with BM from lung adenocarcinoma harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Hence, this study aimed to present the prognostic value of SII and its dynamic changes during BM radiotherapy in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with BM. METHODS Patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who received BM radiotherapy between November 2011 and April 2021 were included in this retrospective study. The SII was calculated using data acquired within 1 week before the start of radiation treatment and 1 week before its completion. According to the cutoff value of SII before radiation treatment determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, we divided the patients into a high group and a low group. Patients were further classified into high-high, high-low, low-low, and low-high groups based on dynamic changes in SII. Prognostic values of the SII and other factors were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, as well as univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. RESULTS A total of 202 patients met the inclusion criteria, and the median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 36 months. According to the SII cutoff of 859.79, an SII value below this cutoff was associated with longer OS (hazard ratio 0.6653, 95% confidence interval 0.4708-0.9402, P < 0.05). The patients in the low-low group, whose SII within 1 week before the start and end of BM radiotherapy were below the cutoff, had a median OS of 55.2 months, which was significantly longer than the OS in all other groups (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that dynamic SII change (P = 0.032), Lung-molGPA (P < 0.001), and thoracic radiation (P = 0.048) were independently correlated with OS. CONCLUSIONS The SII and its dynamic change may have a prognostic value in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma treated with BM radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Tan
- Department of Oncology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Guangchuan Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China. .,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Liang C, Fan J, Liang C, Guo J. Identification and Validation of a Pyroptosis-Related Prognostic Model for Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:699503. [PMID: 35280928 PMCID: PMC8916103 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.699503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death triggered by caspase-1/4/5/11 that plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC). We investigated the prognostic value of pyroptosis-related genes in GC. The “LIMMA” R package and univariate Cox analysis were used to find pyroptosis-related genes with differential expression and prognostic value in the TCGA cohort and the identified genes were analyzed for GO enrichment and KEGG pathways. The selected genes were then included in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, and a ten genes prognostic model (BIRC2, CD274, IRGM, ANXA2, GBP5, TXNIP, POP1, GBP1, DHX9, and TLR2) was established. To evaluate the predictive value of the risk score on prognosis, patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median risk score, and survival analysis was carried out. Compared with the low-risk group, the OS of GC patients in the high-risk group was significantly worse. Additionally, these results were verified in the GSE84437 and GSE66229 datasets. Finally, through the combination of prognostic gene characteristics and clinicopathological features, a nomogram was established to predict individual survival probability. The results show that the genetic risk characteristics related to clinical features can be used as independent prognostic indicators for patients with GC. In summary, the pyroptosis-related risk signals proposed in this study can potentially predict the prognosis of patients with GC. In addition, we also found significant infiltration of dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in tissues of high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chaojie Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Chaojie Liang, ; Jiansheng Guo,
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Chaojie Liang, ; Jiansheng Guo,
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Identification of immune-infiltrated hub genes as potential biomarkers of Moyamoya disease by bioinformatics analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:80. [PMID: 35197088 PMCID: PMC8867641 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that autoimmune inflammation may also be an important pathology in MMD but the molecular mechanisms of inflammation in this disease are still large unknown. This study was designed to identify key biomarkers and the immune infiltration in vessel tissue of MMD using bioinformatics analysis. Methods Raw gene expression profiles (GSE157628, GSE141024) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed functional enrichment analysis. The CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm was used to analyze the proportion of immune cells between MMD and an MMD-negative control group. We screened for neutrophil-associated DEGs, constructed a protein–protein interaction network (PPI) using STRING, and clarified the gene cluster using the Cytoscape plugin MCODE analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to test and filter the best gene signature. Results A total of 570 DEGs were detected, including 212 downregulated and 358 up-regulated genes. Reactome and KEGG enrichment revealed that DEGs were involved in the cell cycle, molecular transport, and metabolic pathways. The immune infiltration profile demonstrated that MMD cerebrovascular tissues contained a higher proportion of neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cells in MMD than in controls. The PPI network and MCODE cluster identified nine DEGs (UNC13D, AZU1, PYCARD, ELANE, SDCBP, CCL11, CCL15, CCL20, and CXCL5) associated with neutrophil infiltration. ROC results showed that UNC13D has good specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.7846). Conclusions The characteristics of immune infiltration in the cerebrovascular tissues of MMD patients and abnormal expression of hub genes provide new insights for understanding MMD progression. UNC13D is shows promise as a candidate molecule to determine neutrophil infiltration characteristics in MMD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02238-4.
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Worsley CM, Veale RB, Mayne ES. The acidic tumour microenvironment: Manipulating the immune response to elicit escape. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:399-408. [PMID: 35216847 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The success of cancer treatment relies on the composition of the tumour microenvironment which is comprised of tumour cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components. Barriers to effective cancer treatment need to be overcome, and the acidic microenvironment of the tumour provides a key target for treatment. This review intends to provide an overview of the effects that low extracellular pH has on components of the tumour microenvironment and how they contribute to immune escape. Further, potential therapeutic targets will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Worsley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.
| | - Rob B Veale
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Mayne
- Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Department of Immunology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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114
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Current Limitations and Novel Perspectives in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040985. [PMID: 35205732 PMCID: PMC8870068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review article presents a synopsis of the key clinical developments, their limitations, and future perspectives in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In the first part, we summarize the available treatments for pancreatic cancer patients according to tumor stage, as well as the most relevant clinical trials over the past two decades. Despite this progress, there is still much to be improved in terms of patient survival. Therefore, in the second part, we consider various components of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, looking for the key drivers of therapy resistance and tumor progression, which may lead to the discovery of new potential targets. We also discuss the most prominent molecules targeting the stroma and immune compartment that are being investigated in either preclinical or clinical trials. Finally, we also outline interesting venues for further research, such as possible combinations of therapies that may have the potential for clinical application. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, largely due to its aggressive development. Consequently, treatment options are often palliative, as only one-fifth of patients present with potentially curable tumors. The only available treatment with curative intent is surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, even for patients that are eligible for surgery, the 5-year OS remains below 10%. Hence, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic regimens. In the first part of this review, we discuss the tumor staging method and its impact on the corresponding current standard-of-care treatments for PDAC. We also consider the key clinical trials over the last 20 years that have improved patient survival. In the second part, we provide an overview of the major components and cell types involved in PDAC, as well as their respective roles and interactions with each other. A deeper knowledge of the interactions taking place in the TME may lead to the discovery of potential new therapeutic targets. Finally, we discuss promising treatment strategies targeting specific components of the TME and potential combinations thereof. Overall, this review provides an overview of the current challenges and future perspectives in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Targeted downregulation of HIF-1α for restraining circulating tumor microemboli mediated metastasis. J Control Release 2022; 343:457-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhu M, Chen L, Kong X, Wang X, Li X, Fang Y, Wang J. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index is an Independent Predictor of Survival in Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:775-820. [PMID: 35241935 PMCID: PMC8887616 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s346406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current investigation examines the potential clinical value and prognostic significance of a systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 477 individuals underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 308 individuals did not at our center between January 1998 and December 2016 were selected. An optimized SII threshold was generated using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The relationship between various factors and breast cancer in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results The SII < 560 group (Low SII group) and SII ≥ 560 group (High SII group) are divided according to the threshold value. SII was an independent predictor for breast cancer DFS and OS based on univariate and multivariate analyses. Low SII patients had higher mean DFS and OS in contrast to those in the high SII groups (46.65 vs 27.37 months and 69.92 vs 49.53 months). Those in the low SII cohort who also had early or advanced breast cancer, different molecular subtypes, and with or without lymph vessel invasion all had higher mean survival time of DFS and OS in contrast to those with raised SII values (P<0.05). The mean DFS and OS durations also varied based on different Miller and Payne grades (MPG) (P <0.005), and different response groups (P<0.05). Conclusion SII can be used as an easily accessible and minimally invasive potential prognostic factor in individuals with breast cancer and may also guide clinicians in treating and prognosticating patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingrui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jing Wang; Yi Fang, Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Marchais A, Marques Da Costa ME, Job B, Abbas R, Drubay D, Piperno-Neumann S, Fromigué O, Gomez-Brouchet A, Françoise R, Droit R, Lervat C, ENTZ-WERLE N, Pacquement H, Devoldere C, Cupissol D, Bodet D, GANDEMER V, Berger MG, Bérard PM, Jimenez M, Vassal G, Geoerger B, Brugieres L, Gaspar N. Immune infiltrate and tumor microenvironment transcriptional programs stratify pediatric osteosarcoma into prognostic groups at diagnosis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:974-985. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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118
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Zhang J, Song C, Tian Y, Yang X. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Lung Cancer: Revealing Phenotype Shaping of Stromal Cells in the Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:802080. [PMID: 35126365 PMCID: PMC8807562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung tumor microenvironment, which is composed of heterogeneous cell populations, plays an important role in the progression of lung cancer and is closely related to therapeutic efficacy. Increasing evidence has shown that stromal components play a key role in regulating tumor invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Therefore, a better understanding of stromal components in the tumor microenvironment is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Rapid advances in technology have brought our understanding of disease into the genetic era, and single-cell RNA sequencing has enabled us to describe gene expression profiles with unprecedented resolution, enabling quantitative analysis of gene expression at the single-cell level to reveal the correlations among heterogeneity, signaling pathways, drug resistance and microenvironment molding in lung cancer, which is important for the treatment of this disease. In this paper, several common single-cell RNA sequencing methods and their advantages and disadvantages are briefly introduced to provide a reference for selection of suitable methods. Furthermore, we review the latest progress of single-cell RNA sequencing in the study of stromal cells in the lung tumor microenvironment.
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119
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Zhong J, Mao X, Li H, Shen G, Cao X, He N, Wang J, Xu L, Chen J, Song X, Liu S, Zhang X, Shen Y, Wang LL, Xiang C, Chen YY. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals the relationship of bone marrow and osteopenia in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. J Adv Res 2022; 41:145-158. [PMID: 36328744 PMCID: PMC9637485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
scRNA-seq analysis reveals the profiles of bone marrow cells in STZ-induced T1D mice. scRNA-seq analysis reveals the heterogeneity of bone marrow immune cells in STZ-induced T1D mice. The ratio of BM-neutrophils to B lymphocytes is increased in the bone marrow of STZ-induced T1D mice. Osteopenia is occurred in STZ-induced T1D mice. This increased ratio is negatively correlated with osteopenia in STZ-induced T1D mice.
Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease. Broad knowledge about the genetics, epidemiology and clinical management of T1D has been achieved, but understandings about the cell varieties in the bone marrow during T1D remain limited. Objectives We aimed to present a profile of the bone marrow cells and reveal the relationship of bone marrow and osteopenia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice. Methods The whole bone marrow cells from the femurs and tibias of healthy (group C) and STZ-induced T1D mice (group D) were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Single-cell flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm the proportional changes among bone marrow neutrophils (BM-neutrophils) (Cxcr2+, Ly6g+) and B lymphocytes (Cd19+). X-ray and micro-CT were performed to detect bone mineral density. The correlation between the ratio of BM-neutrophils/B lymphocytes and osteopenia in STZ-induced T1D mice was analyzed by nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis. Results The bone marrow cells in groups C and D were divided into 12 clusters, and 249 differentially expressed genes were found. The diversity of CD45+ immune cells between groups C and D were greatly affected: the proportion of BM-neutrophils showed a significant increase while the proportion of B lymphocytes in group D showed a significant decrease. X-ray and micro-CT analyses confirmed that osteopenia occurred in group D mice. In addition, the results of single-cell flow cytometry and correlation analysis showed that the ratio of BM-neutrophils/B lymphocytes negatively correlated with osteopenia in STZ-induced T1D mice. Conclusion A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed the profile and heterogeneity of bone marrow immune cells in STZ-induced T1D mice for the first time. The ratio of BM-neutrophils/B lymphocytes negatively correlated with osteopenia in STZ-induced T1D mice, which may enhance understanding for treating T1D and preventing T1D-induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Zhong
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingjia Mao
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Heyangzi Li
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gerong Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lintao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinghui Song
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueliang Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chuan Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lees JG, Napierala M, Pébay A, Dottori M, Lim SY. Cellular pathophysiology of Friedreich's ataxia cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2022; 346:71-78. [PMID: 34798207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder. Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of premature death in FRDA. FRDA cardiomyopathy is a complex and progressive disease with no cure or treatment to slow its progression. At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrosis contribute to the cardiac pathology. However, the heart is composed of multiple cell types and several clinical studies have reported the involvement of cardiac non-myocytes such as vascular cells, autonomic neurons, and inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of FRDA cardiomyopathy. In fact, several of the cardiac pathologies associated with FRDA including cardiomyocyte necrosis, fibrosis, and arrhythmia, could be contributed to by a diseased vasculature and autonomic dysfunction. Here, we review available evidence regarding the current understanding of cellular mechanisms for, and the involvement of, cardiac non-myocytes in the pathogenesis of FRDA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marek Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Lv Z, Cui B, Huang X, Feng HY, Wang T, Wang HF, Xuan YD, Li HZ, Ma X, Huang Y, Zhang X. FGL1 as a Novel Mediator and Biomarker of Malignant Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:756843. [PMID: 34956878 PMCID: PMC8695555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which is the most prevalent renal cell carcinoma subtype, has a poor prognosis. Emerging strategies for enhancing the immune response in ccRCC therapy are currently being investigated. Fibrinogen-like Protein 1(FGL1) is a novel mechanism that tumors may use to evade the immune system by binding LAG-3 and negatively regulating T cells. In this study, we aimed at investigating the underlying mechanism of FGL1 in ccRCC, and its expression and prognostic value. We found that FGL1 was upregulated in tumor tissues and plasma specimens of ccRCC patients. High FGL1 expression predicted a poor prognosis for ccRCC patients. We also discovered that overexpression of FGL1 enhances RCC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by activating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Consistent with these results, we identified a significant positive correlation between expression of FGL1 and EMT-related genes through tissue microarray analysis. Gene-expression analysis revealed that FGL1-deficient ccRCC cell lines had altered transcriptional output in inflammatory response, cell-cell signaling, negative regulation of T cell activation, and intracellular signal transduction. Depletion of FGL1 significantly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Infiltration of myeloid-derived CD11b+ and Ly6G+ immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) was strikingly decreased when FGL1 expression reduced. Therefore, increased FGL1 expression in ccRCC is positively correlated with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, FGL1 facilitates the EMT process and modulates TME, which promotes ccRCC progression and metastasis. Consequently, targeting FGL1 can potentially improve clinical outcome of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yi Feng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Feng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Dong Xuan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang B, Xu A, Wu D, Xia W, Li P, Wang E, Han R, Sun P, Zhou S, Wang R. ARL14 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6557-6574. [PMID: 34916816 PMCID: PMC8667197 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s340119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The mechanisms underlying NSCLC initiation and progression require further investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ADP ribosylation factor-like GTPase 14 (ARL14) related to the progression of NSCLC. Patients and Methods We analyzed the correlation between clinical characteristics and ARL14 expression using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of ARL14 in NSCLC. Functions of ARL14 were identified by enrichment analysis. The relationship between ARL14 expression and immune cell infiltration was also studied. Furthermore, ARL14 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry, and its clinical significance was analyzed in 120 patients with NSCLC. Results Our study revealed that the expression level of ARL14 in patients with NSCLC was higher than that in normal tissues. Using TCGA data, higher ARL14 expression in lung adenocarcinoma was associated with residual tumor (P = 0.017), while it was associated with age (P = 0.003) and N stage (P = 0.009) in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Similar results were obtained from 120 patients with NSCLC. High ARL14 expression was associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival in NSCLC. Multivariate analysis revealed that ARL14 was an independent risk factor for patients with NSCLC. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that ARL14 was related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Conclusion Increased ARL14 expression was considerably correlated with poor survival in NSCLC, and it might be a promising prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanli Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Enze Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Bensimon-Brito A, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Ramkumar S, Cordelières FP, Günther S, Bebianno MJ, Stainier DYR, Cancela ML, Laizé V. New insights into benzo[⍺]pyrene osteotoxicity in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112838. [PMID: 34607190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and ubiquitous organic pollutants, such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[⍺]pyrene (BaP), represent a major threat to aquatic organisms and human health. Beside some well-documented adverse effects on the development and reproduction of aquatic organisms, BaP was recently shown to affect fish bone formation and skeletal development through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. In this work, zebrafish bone-related in vivo assays were used to evaluate the osteotoxic effects of BaP during bone development and regeneration. Acute exposure of zebrafish larvae to BaP from 3 to 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) induced a dose-dependent reduction of the opercular bone size and a depletion of osteocalcin-positive cells, indicating an effect on osteoblast maturation. Chronic exposure of zebrafish larvae to BaP from 3 to 30 dpf affected the development of the axial skeleton and increased the incidence and severity of skeletal deformities. In young adults, BaP affected the mineralization of newly formed fin rays and scales, and impaired fin ray patterning and scale shape, through mechanisms that involve an imbalanced bone remodeling. Gene expression analyses indicated that BaP induced the activation of xenobiotic and metabolic pathways, while negatively impacting extracellular matrix formation and organization. Interestingly, BaP exposure positively regulated inflammation markers in larvae and increased the recruitment of neutrophils. A direct interaction between neutrophils and bone extracellular matrix or bone forming cells was observed in vivo, suggesting a role for neutrophils in the mechanisms underlying BaP osteotoxicity. Our work provides novel data on the cellular and molecular players involved in BaP osteotoxicity and brings new insights into a possible role for neutrophils in inflammatory bone reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany; DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; INSERM, ATIP-Avenir, Aix Marseille University, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UMS 3420 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie photonique, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefan Günther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria J Bebianno
- Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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Exploration of the Key Proteins of High-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Adenocarcinoma Sequence Using In-Depth Quantitative Proteomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5538756. [PMID: 34880916 PMCID: PMC8648452 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive description of typical features and identify key proteins associated with the high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia- (HIN-) adenocarcinoma (AC) sequence. Methods We conducted tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic profiling of normal mucosa, HIN, and AC tissues. Protein clusters representative of the HIN-AC sequence were identified using heatmaps based on Pearson's correlation analysis. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database, ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape, and the Metascape database. The prognostic value of the key proteins and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and consensus molecular subtype were explored based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results We identified 536 proteins categorized into three clusters. Among the biological processes and pathways of the highly expressed proteins in the HIN-AC sequence, proteins were predominantly enriched in response to gut microbiota, cell proliferation, leukocyte migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization events. SERPINH1 and P3H1 were identified as the key proteins that promote the HIN-AC sequence. In the correlation analysis of infiltrating immune cells, both SERPINH1 and P3H1 expression correlated negatively with tumor purity, while correlating positively with abundance of CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophage/monocytes, dendritic cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. Furthermore, both SERPINH1 and P3H1 expression positively correlated with common immune checkpoints and mesenchymal molecular subtype. High P3H1 expression was associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions ECM-related biological processes and pathways are typical features of the HIN-AC sequence. SERPINH1 and P3H1 might be the key proteins in this sequence and be related to ECM remodeling and immune suppression status in CRC.
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Golubewa L, Kulahava T, Klimovich A, Rutkauskas D, Matulaitiene I, Karpicz R, Belko N, Mogilevtsev D, Kavalenka A, Fetisova M, Karvinen P, Svirko Y, Kuzhir P. Visualizing hypochlorous acid production by human neutrophils with fluorescent graphene quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:095101. [PMID: 34818632 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3ce4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In living organisms, redox reactions play a crucial role in the progression of disorders accompanied by the overproduction of reactive oxygen and reactive chlorine species, such as hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, respectively. We demonstrate that green fluorescence graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be employed for revealing the presence of the hypochlorous acid in aqueous solutions and cellular systems. Hypochlorous acid modifies the oxygen-containing groups of the GQD, predominantly opens epoxide ring C-O-C, forms excessive C=O bonds and damages the carbonic core of GQDs. These changes, which depend on the concentration of the hypochlorous acid and exposure time, manifest themselves in the absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the GQD, and in the fluorescence lifetime. We also show that the GQD fluorescence is not affected by hydrogen peroxide. This finding makes GQDs a promising sensing agent for selective detecting reactive chlorine species produced by neutrophils. Neutrophils actively accumulate GQDs allowing to visualize cells and to examine the redox processes via GQDs fluorescence. At high concentrations GQDs induce neutrophil activation and myeloperoxidase release, leading to the disruption of GQD structure by the produced hypochlorous acid. This makes the GQDs a biodegradable material suitable for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Golubewa
- Department of Molecular Compounds Physics, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Nanoelectromagnetics, Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Kulahava
- Laboratory of Nanoelectromagnetics, Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Aliona Klimovich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Danielis Rutkauskas
- Department of Molecular Compounds Physics, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Matulaitiene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Renata Karpicz
- Department of Molecular Compounds Physics, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Nikita Belko
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, A. N. Sevchenko Institute of Applied Physical Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220045, Belarus
- Center of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Dmitri Mogilevtsev
- Center of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Alena Kavalenka
- Department of Biophysics, Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Marina Fetisova
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Petri Karvinen
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
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Rawat K, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. Hyperactive neutrophils infiltrate vital organs of tumor bearing host and contribute to gradual systemic deterioration via upregulated NE, MPO and MMP-9 activity. Immunol Lett 2021; 241:35-48. [PMID: 34890699 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is known to have systemic impact by targeting various organs that ultimately compromises the overall physiology of the host. Several reports have demonstrated the role of neutrophils in cancer wherein the focus has been drawn on the elevated neutrophil count in blood or at tumor loci. However, their role in mediating systemic effects during cancer progression has not been deciphered so far. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore whether and how neutrophils contribute to systemic deterioration in cancer. To discern their systemic role, we evaluated neutrophil count and function at different stages of tumor growth in Dalton's Lymphoma mice model. Notably, our results displayed a gradual increase in Ly6G+ neutrophils in peripheral blood and their infiltration in vital organs including liver, lungs, spleen, kidney, lymph nodes and peritoneum of tumor bearing host. We showed remarkable alterations in histoarchitecture and serum enzyme levels that aggravated with tumor progression. We next examined neutrophil function by assessing its granular cargoes including neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8 and MMP-9). Interestingly, blood neutrophils of tumor bearing mice exhibited a marked change in morphology with gradual increase in NE and MPO expression with tumor growth. In addition, we observed upregulated expression of NE, MPO, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the vital organs of tumor bearing host. Taken together, our results demonstrate heightened infiltration and function of neutrophils in vital organs of tumor bearing host which possibly account for gradual systemic deterioration during cancer progression. Our findings thus implicate neutrophils as a potential therapeutic target that may help to reduce the overall fatality rate of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Gajate C, Gayet O, Fraunhoffer NA, Iovanna J, Dusetti N, Mollinedo F. Induction of Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells by the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Alkylphospholipid Analog Edelfosine and Potentiation by Autophagy Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236124. [PMID: 34885233 PMCID: PMC8656492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with a poor and gloomy prognosis and the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. Pancreatic cancer remains an incurable malignancy, and current therapies are ineffective. We isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from the human PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line as CD44+CD24+EpCAM+ cells. These CSCs form pancreatic cancer spheres or spheroids and develop tumors in SCID mice after subcutaneous injection of as few as 100 cells per mouse. Here, we found that the alkylphospholipid analog edelfosine inhibited CSC pancreatic cancer spheroid formation and induced cell death, as assessed by an increase in the percentage of cells in the sub-G0/G1 region by means of flow cytometry, indicative of DNA breakdown and apoptosis. This correlated with an increase in caspase-3 activity and PARP breakdown, as a major substrate of caspase-3, following PANC-1 CSC treatment with edelfosine. The antitumor ether lipid edelfosine colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum in both PANC-1 cells as well as PANC-1 CSCs by using a fluorescent edelfosine analog, and induced an endoplasmic reticulum stress response in both PANC-1 cells and PANC-1 CSCs, with a potent CHOP/GADD153 upregulation. Edelfosine elicited a strong autophagy response in both PANC-1 cells and PANC-1 CSCs, and preincubation of CSCs with autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine or bafilomycin A1, enhanced edelfosine-induced apoptosis. Primary cultures from pancreatic cancer patients were sensitive to edelfosine, as well as their respective isolated CSCs. Nontumorigenic pancreatic human cell line HPNE and normal human fibroblasts were largely spared. These data suggest that pancreatic CSCs isolated from established cell lines and pancreatic cancer patients are sensitive to edelfosine through its accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicolas A. Fraunhoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (O.G.); (N.A.F.); (J.I.); (N.D.)
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Wu CX, Rao DY, Sang CP, Zhu SY, Gu L, Wu YY, Wang JF, Shi HQ, Wang XC, Tang ZX. Peripheral blood inflammation indices are effective predictors of anastomotic leakage in elective esophageal surgery. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:2675-2684. [PMID: 35070397 PMCID: PMC8748052 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the predictive value of peripheral inflammatory indices, including neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in anastomotic leakage during elective esophageal surgery. METHODS This retrospective study included all patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from 2016 to 2020 in our institution. The peripheral blood inflammatory indices were obtained on preoperative days 1-7 (PRD 1-7), and postoperative days 1-3 (POD 1-3) and 4-7 (POD 4-7). Univariate, multivariate logistic, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value of these peripheral blood inflammatory indices. RESULTS A total of 198 patients were included in the study, and 25 (13%) patients experienced anastomotic leakage. Multivariate analyses identified diet, neutrophil count, and PLR on POD 1-3, and NLR on POD 4-7 as independent factors associated with anastomotic leakage. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, the variable with the best area under curve was a neutrophil cutoff count of 4.1 [0.737; 95% CI: 0.639-0.835], with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.0% and 66.5%, respectively. This was followed by an NLR cutoff value of 9.5 on POD 4-7 (0.628; 95% CI: 0.505-0.752) and a cutoff PLR value of 220.1 on POD 1-3 (0.643; 95% CI: 0.536-0.750). Diet showed a poor result on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil count and PLR on POD 1-3 and NLR on POD 4-7 were shown to have predictive value for anastomotic leakage in elective esophageal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, The Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Lab of Brain Injury & Brain Protection, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ding-Yu Rao
- First Clinical Medical College, The Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Lab of Brain Injury & Brain Protection, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sang
- First Clinical Medical College, The Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Lab of Brain Injury & Brain Protection, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yang Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, The Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hua-Qiu Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Cai Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Ganzhou Key Lab of Brain Injury & Brain Protection, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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129
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Neganova M, Liu J, Aleksandrova Y, Klochkov S, Fan R. Therapeutic Influence on Important Targets Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6062. [PMID: 34885171 PMCID: PMC8657135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the interconnected pathological processes, which lead to cancer initiation and progression. The growing level of oxidative and inflammatory damage was shown to increase cancer severity and contribute to tumor spread. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the reduced capacity of the endogenous cell defense mechanisms and/or metabolic imbalance, is the main contributor to oxidative stress. An abnormal level of ROS was defined as a predisposing factor for the cell transformation that could trigger pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, induce changes in gene expression, and facilitate accumulation of mutations, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Additionally, the activation of transcription factors caused by a prolonged oxidative stress, including NF-κB, p53, HIF1α, etc., leads to the expression of several genes responsible for inflammation. The resulting hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators, including TNFα, TGF-β, interleukins, and prostaglandins can contribute to the development of neoplasia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to trigger adaptive reactions and the acquisition of resistance by tumor cells to apoptosis, while promoting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory response leads to the excessive production of free radicals, which further aggravate the initiated reactions. This review summarizes the recent data and progress in the discovery of mechanisms that associate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation with cancer onset and metastasis. In addition, the review provides insights for the development of therapeutic approaches and the discovery of natural substances that will be able to simultaneously inhibit several key oncological and inflammation-related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Neganova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Sergey Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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130
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Subhan MA, Torchilin VP. Neutrophils as an emerging therapeutic target and tool for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 285:119952. [PMID: 34520766 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of neutrophils is necessary for the protection of the host against microbial infection. This property can be used as mode of therapy for cancer treatment. Neutrophils have conflicting dual functions in cancer as either a tumor promoter or inhibitor. Neutrophil-based drug delivery has achieved increased attention in pre-clinical models. This review addresses in detail the different neutrophil constituents, the conflicting function of neutrophils and activation of the neutrophil as an important target of therapy for cancer treatment, and use of neutrophils or neutrophil membrane-derived vesicles as vehicles for drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh..
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Key promoters of tumor hallmarks. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 27:45-58. [PMID: 34773527 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of tumor hallmarks is a result of accommodation of tumor cells with their nearby milieu called tumor microenvironment (TME). Accommodation or adaptive responses is highly important for a cell to survive, without which no cell is allowed to take any further steps in tumorigenesis. Metabolism of cancer cells is largely depended on stroma. Composition and plasticity of cells within the stroma is highly affected from inflammatory setting of TME. Hypoxia which is a common event in many solid cancers, is known as one of the key hallmarks of chronic inflammation and the master regulator of metastasis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is produced in the chronic inflammatory and chronic hypoxic settings, and it is considered as a cardinal factor for induction of all tumor hallmarks. Aging, obesity and smoking are the main predisposing factors of cancer, acting mainly through modulation of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Zhu W, Lv J, Xie X, Tian C, Liu J, Zhou H, Sun C, Li J, Hu Z, Li X. The oncolytic virus VT09X optimizes immune checkpoint therapy in low immunogenic melanoma. Immunol Lett 2021; 241:15-22. [PMID: 34774916 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumors with a low level of pre-existing immune cell infiltration respond poorly to immune checkpoint therapies. Oncolytic viruses optimize immunotherapies by modulating the tumor microenvironment and affecting multiple steps in the cancer-immunity cycle, making them an attractive agent for combination strategies. We engineered an HSV-1-based oncolytic virus and investigated its antitumor effects in combination with the marketed PD-1 antibody Keytruda (pembrolizumab) in hPD-1 knock-in mice bearing non-immunogenic B16-F10 melanoma. Our results showed enhanced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration, IFN-γ secretion and PD-L1 expression in tumors, subsequently leading to the prolonged overall survival of mice. Systemic changes in lymphocyte cell proportions were also observed in the peripheral blood. In summary, these findings provide evidence that oncolytic viruses can be engineered as a potential platform for combination therapies, especially to treat tumors that are poorly responsive to immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunyang Sun
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China; Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zongfeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China; Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China.
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Zhang W, Qin T, Yang Z, Yin L, Zhao C, Feng L, Lin S, Liu B, Cheng S, Zhang K. Telomerase-positive circulating tumor cells are associated with poor prognosis via a neutrophil-mediated inflammatory immune environment in glioma. BMC Med 2021; 19:277. [PMID: 34763698 PMCID: PMC8588721 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common aggressive cancer in the central nervous system. Considering the difficulty in monitoring glioma response and progression, an approach is needed to evaluate the progression or survival of patients with glioma. We propose an application to facilitate clinical detection and treatment monitoring in glioma patients by using telomerase-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to further evaluate the relationship between the immune microenvironment and CTCs in glioma patients. METHODS From October 2014 to June 2017, 106 patients newly diagnosed with glioma were enrolled. We used the telomerase reverse transcriptase CTC detection method to detect and analyze the CTC statuses of glioma patients before and after surgery. FlowSight and FISH confirmed the CTCs detected by the telomerase-based method. To verify the correlation between CTCs and the immune response, peripheral white blood cell RNA sequencing was performed. RESULTS CTCs were common in the peripheral blood of glioma patients and were not correlated with the pathological classification or grade of patients. The results showed that the presence of postoperative CTCs but not preoperative CTCs in glioma patients was a poor prognostic factor. The level of postoperative CTCs, which predicts a poor prognosis after surgery, may be associated with neutrophils. RNA sequencing suggested that postoperative CTCs were positively correlated with innate immune responses, especially the activation of neutrophils and the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps, but negatively correlated with the cytotoxic response. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that telomerase-positive CTCs can predict a poor prognosis of patients with glioma. Our results also showed a correlation between CTCs and the immune macroenvironment, which provides a new perspective for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tiancheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhenrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liyuan Yin
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changyun Zhao
- Chongqing Diatech Biotechnological Limited Company, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Binlei Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
| | - Shujun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Zhang Z, Yang C, Li L, Zhu Y, Su K, Zhai L, Wang Z, Huang J. "γδT Cell-IL17A-Neutrophil" Axis Drives Immunosuppression and Confers Breast Cancer Resistance to High-Dose Anti-VEGFR2 Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699478. [PMID: 34721375 PMCID: PMC8554133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential physiological process and hallmark of cancer. Currently, antiangiogenic therapy, mostly targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR2 signaling axis, is commonly used in the clinic for solid tumors. However, antiangiogenic therapies for breast cancer patients have produced limited survival benefits since cancer cells rapidly resistant to anti-VEGFR2 therapy. We applied the low-dose and high-dose VEGFR2 mAb or VEGFR2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) agents in multiple breast cancer mouse models and found that low-dose VEGFR2 mAb or VEGFR2-TKI achieved good effects in controlling cancer progression, while high-dose treatment was not effective. To further investigate the mechanism involved in regulating the drug resistance, we found that high-dose anti-VEGFR2 treatment elicited IL17A expression in γδ T cells via VEGFR1-PI3K-AKT pathway activation and then promoted N2-like neutrophil polarization, thus inducing CD8+ T cell exhaustion to shape an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Combining anti-VEGFR2 therapy with immunotherapy such as IL17A, PD-1 or Ly-6G mAb therapy, which targeting the immunomodulatory axis of "γδT17 cells-N2 neutrophils" in vivo, showed promising therapeutic effects in breast cancer treatment. This study illustrates the potential mechanism of antiangiogenic therapy resistance in breast cancer and provides synergy treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jing X, Xu G, Gong Y, Li J, LingfengWu, Zhu W, He Y, Li Z, Pan S. A five-gene methylation signature predicts overall survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24031. [PMID: 34716619 PMCID: PMC8649352 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to screen methylation signatures associated with the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Gene expression and methylation profiles of ccRCC patients were downloaded from publicly available databases, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were obtained. Subsequently, gene set enrichment and transcription factor (TF) regulatory network analyses were performed. In addition, a prognostic model was constructed and the relationship between disease progression and immunity was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 23 common DEGs-DMGs were analyzed, among which 14 DEGs-DMGs were obtained with a cutoff value of PCC < 0 and p < 0.05. The enrichment analysis showed that the 14 DEGs-DMGs were enriched in three GO terms and three KEGG pathways. In addition, a total of six TFs were shown to be associated with the 14 DEGs-DMGs, including RP58, SOX9, NF-κB65, ATF6, OCT, and IK2. A prognostic model using five optimized DEGs-DMGs which efficiently predicted survival was constructed and validated using the GSE105288 dataset. Additionally, four types of immune cells (NK cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and cancer-associated fibroblasts), as well as ESTIMATE, immune, and stromal scores were found to be significantly correlated with ccRCC progression (normal, primary, and metastasis) in addition to the five optimized DEGs-DMGs. CONCLUSION A five-gene methylation signature with the predictive ability for ccRCC prognosis was investigated in this study, consisting of CCNB2, CDKN1C, CTSH, E2F2, and ERMP1. In addition, potential targets for methylation-mediated immunotherapy were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jing
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlong Li
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - LingfengWu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouhua Pan
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Neutrophil-mediated clinical nanodrug for treatment of residual tumor after focused ultrasound ablation. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:345. [PMID: 34715854 PMCID: PMC8555249 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of local recurrence after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is relatively high, resulting in poor prognosis of malignant tumors. The combination of HIFU with traditional chemotherapy continues to have an unsatisfactory outcome because of off-site drug uptake. Results Herein, we propose a strategy of inflammation-tendency neutrophil-mediated clinical nanodrug targeted therapy for residual tumors after HIFU ablation. We selected neutrophils as carriers and PEGylated liposome doxorubicin (PLD) as a model chemotherapeutic nanodrug to form an innovative cell therapy drug (PLD@NEs). The produced PLD@NEs had a loading capacity of approximately 5 µg of PLD per 106 cells and maintained the natural characteristics of neutrophils. The targeting performance and therapeutic potential of PLD@NEs were evaluated using Hepa1-6 cells and a corresponding tumor-bearing mouse model. After HIFU ablation, PLD@NEs were recruited to the tumor site by inflammation (most in 4 h) and released PLD with inflammatory stimuli, leading to targeted and localized postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions This effective integrated method fully leverages the advantages of HIFU, chemotherapy and neutrophils to attract more focus on the practice of improving existing clinical therapies. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01087-w.
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Ostios-Garcia L, Villamayor J, Garcia-Lorenzo E, Vinal D, Feliu J. Understanding the immune response and the current landscape of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6775-6793. [PMID: 34790007 PMCID: PMC8567475 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor with high lethality. Even with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other locoregional or systemic therapies, the survival rates for PDAC are low and have not significantly changed in the past decades. The special characteristics of the PDAC's microenvironment and its complex immune escape mechanism need to be considered when designing novel therapeutic approaches in this disease. PDAC is characterized by chronic inflammation with a high rate of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and a low rate of natural killer and effector T cells. The pancreatic microenvironment is a fibrotic, microvascularized stroma that isolates the tumor from systemic vascularization. Immunotherapy, a novel approach that has demonstrated effectiveness in certain solid tumors, has failed to show any practice-changing results in pancreatic cancer, with the exception of PDACs with mismatch repair deficiency and high tumor mutational burden, which show prolonged survival rates with immunotherapy. Currently, numerous clinical trials are attempting to assess the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in PDAC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell transfer, alone or in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents, chemoradiotherapy, and other targeted therapies. A deep understanding of the immune response will help in the development of new therapeutic strategies leading to improved clinical outcomes for patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ostios-Garcia
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Julia Villamayor
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Lorenzo
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - David Vinal
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Department of Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, IDIPAZ, CIBERONC, Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Madrid 28046, Spain
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Chen M, Ren R, Lin W, Xiang L, Zhao Z, Shao B. Exploring the oncostatin M (OSM) feed-forward signaling of glioblastoma via STAT3 in pan-cancer analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:565. [PMID: 34702277 PMCID: PMC8549168 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oncostatin M (OSM) has been reported to be a key regulating factor in the process of tumor development. Previous studies have demonstrated both the promotion and inhibition effects of OSM in tumors, therefore inspiring controversies. However, no systematic assessment of OSM across various cancers is available, and the mechanisms behind OSM-related cancer progression remain to be elucidated. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis on OSM to explore its tumor-related functions across cancers as well as its correlations with specific molecules, cells in the tumor microenvironment. Considering the results of pan-cancer analysis, we chose the specific tumor glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to screen out the OSM-induced signaling pathways and intercellular communications in tumor progression. Wound scratch assay, invasion assay and qRT-PCR were performed to verify the biological effects of OSM on glioblastoma cells. Results Higher OSM level was found in most tumor tissues compared with corresponding normal tissues, and the enhanced OSM expression was observed to be strongly related to patients’ poor prognosis in several cancers. Moreover, the expression of OSM was associated with stromal and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, and OSM-related immune checkpoint and chemokine co-expression were also observed. Our results suggested that OSM could communicate extensively with the tumor microenvironment. Taking GBM as an example, our study found that two critical signaling pathways in OSM-related tumor progression by KEGG enrichment analysis: Jak-STAT and NF-κB pathways. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis of GBM revealed that OSM was mainly secreted by microglia, and cell–cell interaction analysis proved that OSM-OSMR is an important pathway for OSM to stimulate malignant cells. In vitro, OSM treatment could facilitate the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells, meanwhile promote the proneural-mesenchymal transition. The administration of STAT3 inhibitors effectively suppressed the OSM-mediated biological effects, which proved the key role of STAT3 in OSM signaling. Conclusion Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive understanding with regard to the tumor progression under the regulation of OSM. OSM seems to be closely related to chronic inflammation and tumor development in the tumor microenvironment. As an important inflammatory factor in the tumor microenvironment, OSM may serve as a potential immunotherapeutic target for cancer treatment, especially for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02260-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiyang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Xiang
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC), NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Effah CY, Drokow EK, Agboyibor C, Ding L, He S, Liu S, Akorli SY, Nuamah E, Sun T, Zhou X, Liu H, Xu Z, Feng F, Wu Y, Zhang X. Neutrophil-Dependent Immunity During Pulmonary Infections and Inflammations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689866. [PMID: 34737734 PMCID: PMC8560714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid recruitment of neutrophils to an inflamed site is one of the hallmarks of an effective host defense mechanism. The main pathway through which this happens is by the innate immune response. Neutrophils, which play an important part in innate immune defense, migrate into lungs through the modulation actions of chemokines to execute a variety of pro-inflammatory functions. Despite the importance of chemokines in host immunity, little has been discussed on their roles in host immunity. A holistic understanding of neutrophil recruitment, pattern recognition pathways, the roles of chemokines and the pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in host immunity may allow for new approaches in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disease of the lung. Herein, this review aims at highlighting some of the developments in lung neutrophil-immunity by focusing on the functions and roles of CXC/CC chemokines and pattern recognition receptors in neutrophil immunity during pulmonary inflammations. The pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in COVID-19 and thromboembolism have also been summarized. We finally summarized various neutrophil biomarkers that can be utilized as prognostic molecules in pulmonary inflammations and discussed various neutrophil-targeted therapies for neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senyo Yao Akorli
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Nuamah
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Arpinati L, Kaisar-Iluz N, Shaul ME, Groth C, Umansky V, Fridlender ZG. Tumor-Derived Factors Differentially Affect the Recruitment and Plasticity of Neutrophils. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205082. [PMID: 34680231 PMCID: PMC8534125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in cancer biology. In contrast to circulating normal-density neutrophils (NDN), the amount of low-density neutrophils (LDN) significantly increases with tumor progression. The correlation between these neutrophil subpopulations and intratumoral neutrophils (TANs) is still under debate. Using 4T1 (breast) and AB12 (mesothelioma) tumor models, we aimed to elucidate the source of TANs and to assess the mechanisms driving neutrophils' plasticity in cancer. Both NDN and LDN were found to migrate in response to CXCL1 and CXCL2 exposure, and co-infiltrate the tumor site ex vivo and in vivo, although LDN migration into the tumor was higher than NDN. Tumor-derived factors and chemokines, particularly CXCL1, were found to drive neutrophil phenotypical plasticity, inducing NDN to transition towards a low-density state (LD-NDN). LD-NDN appeared to differ from NDN by displaying a phenotypical profile similar to LDN in terms of nuclear morphology, surface receptor markers, decreased phagocytic abilities, and increased ROS production. Interestingly, all three subpopulations displayed comparable cytotoxic abilities towards tumor cells. Our data suggest that TANs originate from both LDN and NDN, and that a portion of LDN derives from NDN undergoing phenotypical changes. NDN plasticity resulted in a change in surface marker expression and functional activity, gaining characteristics of LDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Arpinati
- Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (N.K.-I.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Naomi Kaisar-Iluz
- Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (N.K.-I.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Merav E. Shaul
- Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (N.K.-I.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Christopher Groth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Skin Cancer Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (V.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Skin Cancer Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (V.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (N.K.-I.); (M.E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-6779311
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Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) Predict Clinical Outcome in Patients with Stage IIB Cervical Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:2939162. [PMID: 34539781 PMCID: PMC8443385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2939162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Stage IIB cervical cancer (CC) is an advanced stage CC with poor prognosis. Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the development of CC, and systemic inflammatory indexes were related to the prognosis in several cancers. The objective of the study was to determine the prognostic value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), basophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (BLR), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) as inflammatory indexes in patients with stage IIB CC. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed in 260 patients with stage IIB CC. PLR, NLR, MLR, BLR, and SIRI were obtained from routine blood tests. Prognosis information of the patients was acquired from regular clinical follow-up. Recurrence and response to therapy were determined through electronic medical records (EMRs). Correlations of the inflammatory indexes with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence, and response to therapy were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software. Results Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses suggested that NLR, MLR, and SIRI had better predictive value than PLR as well as BLR in the prognosis and recurrence risk. Both univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that higher NLR and MLR were significantly associated with shorter OS as well as PFS, whereas SIRI was not an independent predictive factor of PFS. Chi-square test results revealed that increased NLR was significantly correlated with higher recurrence rate (P=0.046), and increased MLR showed significant correlation with elevated recurrence risk (P=0.002). Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses for response to therapy indicated that elevated NLR was associated with decreased complete remission (CR) rate (P=0.031), and the P value lost statistical significance while being adjusted by tumor size (P=0.108). Conclusions For patients with stage IIB CC, both NLR and MLR are independent prognostic factors as well as risk factors for recurrence; NLR serves as a potential marker for therapeutic response.
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Køstner AH, Nielsen PS, Georgsen JB, Parner ET, Nielsen MB, Kersten C, Steiniche T. Systemic Inflammation Associates With a Myeloid Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment in Primary Resected Colon Cancer-May Cold Tumors Simply Be Too Hot? Front Immunol 2021; 12:716342. [PMID: 34531864 PMCID: PMC8438238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation measured by the acute-phase protein CRP associates with poor outcome across cancer types. In contrast, local tumor-associated inflammation, primarily evaluated by T-lymphocytes, correlates with favorable prognosis. Yet, little is known whether these two responses are related or opposing processes and why elevated CRP in relation to cancer is detrimental for clinical outcome. As proof of concept, we developed a platform combining multiplexed IHC and digital imaging, enabling a virtual readout of both lymphoid and myeloid immune markers and their spatial patterns in the primary tumors of resected stage II and III colon cancer (CC) patients with and without accompanying systemic inflammation. Twenty-one patients with elevated CRP (>30 mg/l) and 15 patients with low CRP (<10 mg/l) were included in the analyses. Whole slides from the primary tumors were stained for markers of adaptive (CD8+, CD4+, foxp3 regulatory T cells, CD20+ B cells) and innate (CD68+ macrophages, CD66b+ neutrophils) immunity and the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Associations between individual immune markers, preoperative CRP values, mismatch repair status (MMR), and risk of recurrence or death were assessed. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to explore whether distinct immune phenotypes were present. Tumors from systemically inflamed patients (CRP >30 mg/l) displayed significantly more myeloid features in terms of higher densities of CD66b+neutrophils (p = 0.001) and CD68+macrophages (p = 0.04) and less lymphoid features (lower CD8 T cell, p = 0.03, and foxp3 regulatory T cell densities, p = 0.03) regardless of MMR status. Additionally, systemically inflamed patients harbored lower mean distances between neutrophils and tumor cells within the TME. Intriguingly, microsatellite instable (MSI) tumor status correlated with systemic inflammation. However, using a combinatorial approach, we found that regardless of an adaptive composite score (compounded CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), a high innate score (CD66b+ neutrophils and CD68+ macrophages) associated significantly with elevated CRP. In conclusion, tumor-associated systemic inflammation correlated with a myeloid-dominated TME in a small cohort of resectable CC patients. Our data highlight the importance of a comprehensive immune classification of tumors including players of innate immunity and support a role for CRP as an informative biomarker of the immune response taking place at the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erik Thorlund Parner
- Section for Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bak Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Kersten
- Department of Oncology, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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143
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Li Q, Yu L, Yang P, Hu Q. Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Markers in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients in the Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Era. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6799-6810. [PMID: 34512020 PMCID: PMC8418375 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s311094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammatory markers have been widely used in various cancers, but rarely in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte-ratio (PLR), systemic immune index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) on NPC in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from NPC patients from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, between January 2012 and July 2020. We used Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test to compare the baseline characteristics, then applied Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival analysis to compare the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates. Multivariate Cox proportional risk models were applied to identify independent prognostic factors. Results We enrolled a total of 342 NPC patients and found optimal cut-off values of 2.65, 184.91, 804.08, and 1.34 for NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI, respectively. K-M survival analysis revealed that high NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI were significantly associated with worse OS and PFS relative to those in the low groups. Results from univariate Cox analysis showed that clinical, T, and M stages, as well as NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI were associated with OS, whereas age, alongside the aforementioned parameters, was associated with PFS. Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis showed that age ≥49 years (HR=2.48, 95% CI=1.21–5.05, P=0.013) and M1 stage (HR=3.84, 95% CI=1.52–9.73, P=0.013) were independent prognostic factors for OS, whereas SIRI ≥1.34 (HR=1.91, 95% CI=1.05–3.47, P=0.034) and M1 stage (HR=2.91, 95% CI=1.44–5.86, P=0.003) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Conclusion Overall, our findings indicated that high NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI were significantly associated with poor OS and PFS in NPC patients. High SIRI may be an independent risk factor for PFS of NPC patients in the IMRT era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushi Yu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
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144
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Neutrophil and Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e633. [PMID: 34485830 PMCID: PMC8410234 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), nodular sclerosis (NS) subtype, is characterized by the presence of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in an inflammatory background containing neutrophils and/or eosinophils. Both types of granulocytes release extracellular traps (ETs), web-like DNA structures decorated with histones, enzymes, and coagulation factors that promote inflammation, thrombosis, and tumor growth. We investigated whether ETs from neutrophils (NETs) or eosinophils (EETs) are detected in cHL, and evaluated their association with fibrosis. We also studied expression of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), potential targets/effectors of ETs-associated elastase, in HRS cells. Expression of tissue factor (TF) was evaluated, given the procoagulant properties of ETs. We analyzed 32 HL cases, subclassified as 12 NS, 5 mixed-cellularity, 5 lymphocyte-rich, 1 lymphocyte-depleted, 4 nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLPHL), and 5 reactive nodes. Notably, a majority of NS cHL cases exhibited NET formation by immunohistochemistry for citrullinated histones, with 1 case revealing abundant EETs. All other cHL subtypes as well as NLPHL were negative. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed NETs with filamentous/delobulated morphology. Moreover, ETs formation correlates with concurrent fibrosis (r = 0.7999; 95% CI, 0.6192-0.9002; P ≤ 0.0001). Results also showed that HRS cells in NS cHL expressed PAR-2 with nuclear p-ERK staining, indicating a neoplastic or inflammatory phenotype. Remarkably, TF was consistently detected in the endothelium of NS cHL cases compared with other subtypes, in keeping with a procoagulant status. A picture emerges whereby the release of ETs and resultant immunothrombosis contribute to the inflammatory tumor microenvironment of NS cHL. This is the first description of NETs in cHL.
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145
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Proteomic signatures of myeloid derived suppressor cells from liver and lung metastases reveal functional divergence and potential therapeutic targets. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:232. [PMID: 34482371 PMCID: PMC8418613 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote immunosuppressive activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in increased tumor burden and diminishing the anti-tumor response of immunotherapies. While primary and metastatic tumors are typically the focal points of therapeutic development, the immune cells of the TME are differentially programmed by the tissue of the metastatic site. In particular, MDSCs are programmed uniquely within different organs in the context of tumor progression. Given that MDSC plasticity is shaped by the surrounding environment, the proteomes of MDSCs from different metastatic sites are hypothesized to be unique. A bottom-up proteomics approach using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) was used to quantify the proteome of CD11b+ cells derived from murine liver metastases (LM) and lung metastases (LuM). A comparative proteomics workflow was employed to compare MDSC proteins from LuM (LuM-MDSC) and LM (LM-MDSC) while also elucidating common signaling pathways, protein function, and possible drug-protein interactions. SWATH-MS identified 2516 proteins from 200 µg of sample. Of the 2516 proteins, 2367 have matching transcriptomic data. Upregulated proteins from lung and liver-derived murine CD11b+ cells with matching mRNA transcriptomic data were categorized based on target knowledge and level of drug development. Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrates that liver and lung tumor-derived MDSCs have distinct proteomes that may be subject to pharmacologic manipulation.
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Dourthe C, Julien C, Di Tommaso S, Dupuy JW, Dugot-Senant N, Brochard A, Le Bail B, Blanc JF, Chiche L, Balabaud C, Bioulac-Sage P, Saltel F, Raymond AA. Proteomic Profiling of Hepatocellular Adenomas Paves the Way to Diagnostic and Prognostic Approaches. Hepatology 2021; 74:1595-1610. [PMID: 33754354 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Through an exploratory proteomic approach based on typical hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), we previously identified a diagnostic biomarker for a distinctive subtype of HCA with high risk of bleeding, already validated on a multicenter cohort. We hypothesized that the whole protein expression deregulation profile could deliver much more informative data for tumor characterization. Therefore, we pursued our analysis with the characterization of HCA proteomic profiles, evaluating their correspondence with the established genotype/phenotype classification and assessing whether they could provide added diagnosis and prognosis values. APPROACH AND RESULTS From a collection of 260 cases, we selected 52 typical cases of all different subgroups on which we built a reference HCA proteomics database. Combining laser microdissection and mass-spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, we compared the relative protein abundances between tumoral (T) and nontumoral (NT) liver tissues from each patient and we defined a specific proteomic profile of each of the HCA subgroups. Next, we built a matching algorithm comparing the proteomic profile extracted from a patient with our reference HCA database. Proteomic profiles allowed HCA classification and made diagnosis possible, even for complex cases with immunohistological or genomic analysis that did not lead to a formal conclusion. Despite a well-established pathomolecular classification, clinical practices have not substantially changed and the HCA management link to the assessment of the malignant transformation risk remains delicate for many surgeons. That is why we also identified and validated a proteomic profile that would directly evaluate malignant transformation risk regardless of HCA subtype. CONCLUSIONS This work proposes a proteomic-based machine learning tool, operational on fixed biopsies, that can improve diagnosis and prognosis and therefore patient management for HCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Dourthe
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Julien
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvaine Di Tommaso
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Brigitte Le Bail
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Blanc
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Hepatology and Oncology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Chiche
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Saltel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot Platform, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
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147
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4173. [PMID: 34439330 PMCID: PMC8394177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated by different signaling routes that involve a variety of subcellular organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and death. Pancreatic cells exhibit high hormone and enzyme secretory functions, and thereby show a highly developed ER. Thus, pancreatic cancer cells display a prominent ER. Solid tumors have to cope with adverse situations in which hypoxia, lack of certain nutrients, and the action of certain antitumor agents lead to a complex interplay and crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy-the latter acting as an adaptive survival response. ER stress also mediates cell death induced by a number of anticancer drugs and experimental conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of ER stress in modulating cell fate. The alkylphospholipid analog prototype edelfosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells, accumulates in the ER of a number of human solid tumor cells-including pancreatic cancer cells-and promotes apoptosis through a persistent ER-stress-mediated mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we discuss and propose that direct ER targeting may be a promising approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of this currently incurable and deadly cancer. Furthermore, because autophagy acts as a cytoprotective response to ER stress, potentiation of the triggering of a persistent ER response by combination therapy, together with the use of autophagy blockers, could improve the current gloomy expectations for finding a cure for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Chemokine CCL5 promotes robust optic nerve regeneration and mediates many of the effects of CNTF gene therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017282118. [PMID: 33627402 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017282118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a leading therapeutic candidate for several ocular diseases and induces optic nerve regeneration in animal models. Paradoxically, however, although CNTF gene therapy promotes extensive regeneration, recombinant CNTF (rCNTF) has little effect. Because intraocular viral vectors induce inflammation, and because CNTF is an immune modulator, we investigated whether CNTF gene therapy acts indirectly through other immune mediators. The beneficial effects of CNTF gene therapy remained unchanged after deleting CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRα) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the projection neurons of the retina, but were diminished by depleting neutrophils or by genetically suppressing monocyte infiltration. CNTF gene therapy increased expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in immune cells and retinal glia, and recombinant CCL5 induced extensive axon regeneration. Conversely, CRISPR-mediated knockdown of the cognate receptor (CCR5) in RGCs or treating wild-type mice with a CCR5 antagonist repressed the effects of CNTF gene therapy. Thus, CCL5 is a previously unrecognized, potent activator of optic nerve regeneration and mediates many of the effects of CNTF gene therapy.
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149
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Zahran AM, Riad KF, Elsayh KI, Elmasry HM, Rayan A. Role of pretreatment inflammatory indicators in pediatric acute leukemias; where do we stand? A prospective cohort study. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:553-564. [PMID: 32986662 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is a limited data at the moment regarding the clinical value of inflammatory indices and malnutrition markers in children with acute leukemias. We have examined the usefulness of prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), Prognostic Index (PI), monocyte to lymphocyte (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte (PLR) ratios to stratify patients as regards the response to induction therapy correlating them to different prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children with acute leukemia and without microbial-induced inflammation at the time of diagnosis were prospectively recruited. Preliminary total and differential CBC, c-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin (ALB) were used to calculate different inflammatory indicators including NLR, MLR, PLR, PNI, GPS, and PI. RESULTS Higher PNI was significantly more associated to children who achieved remission as compared to those without remission (p< 0.0001). Patients without remission had GPS 1 or 2 compared to GPS 0 or 1 in those who entered remission (p= 0.001). NLR was significantly lower in patients in remission than in those without remission (p= 0.005). Similarly, complete remission was significantly associated to MLR ⩽ 0.45 as compared to MLR > 0.45 (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION Pretreatment PNI, GPS, CRP, serum albumin, NLR, MLR, and PLR are remission promising prognostic markers in pediatric acute leukemias, which deserve to be further investigated in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid F Riad
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Pediatric Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elmasry
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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150
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Santos EC, Gomes RB, Fernandes PV, Ferreira MA, Abdelhay ESFW. The protein-protein interaction network of intestinal gastric cancer patients reveals hub proteins with potential prognostic value. Cancer Biomark 2021; 33:83-96. [PMID: 34366321 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer worldwide. According to the Lauren classification, gastric adenocarcinoma is divided into two subtypes: diffuse and intestinal. The development of intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) can take years and involves multiple factors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protein profile of tumor samples from patients with IGC in comparison with adjacent nontumor tissue samples. METHODS We used label-free nano-LC-MS/MS to identify proteins from the tissues samples. The results were analyzed using MetaCore™ software to access functional enrichment information. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) were predicted using STRING analysis. Hub proteins were determined using the Cytoscape plugin, CytoHubba. Survival analysis was performed using KM plotter. We identified 429 differentially expressed proteins whose pathways and processes were related to protein folding, apoptosis, and immune response. RESULTS The PPI network of these proteins showed enrichment modules related to the regulation of cell death, immune system, neutrophil degranulation, metabolism of RNA and chromatin DNA binding. From the PPI network, we identified 20 differentially expressed hub proteins, and assessed the prognostic value of the expression of genes that encode them. Among them, the expression of four hub genes was significantly associated with the overall survival of IGC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals important findings that affect IGC development based on specific biological alterations in IGC patients. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the pathogenesis of IGC patients is complex and involves different interconnected biological processes. These findings may be useful in research on new targets to develop novel therapies to improve the overall survival of patients with IGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Cruz Santos
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Binato Gomes
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana Saul Furquim Werneck Abdelhay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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