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Musicki B, Bella AJ, Bivalacqua TJ, Davies KP, DiSanto ME, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Hannan JL, Kim NN, Podlasek CA, Wingard CJ, Burnett AL. Basic Science Evidence for the Link Between Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2015; 12:2233-55. [PMID: 26646025 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although clinical evidence supports an association between cardiovascular/metabolic diseases (CVMD) and erectile dysfunction (ED), scientific evidence for this link is incompletely elucidated. AIM This study aims to provide scientific evidence for the link between CVMD and ED. METHODS In this White Paper, the Basic Science Committee of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America assessed the current literature on basic scientific support for a mechanistic link between ED and CVMD, and deficiencies in this regard with a critical assessment of current preclinical models of disease. RESULTS A link exists between ED and CVMD on several grounds: the endothelium (endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress imbalance); smooth muscle (SM) (SM abundance and altered molecular regulation of SM contractility); autonomic innervation (autonomic neuropathy and decreased neuronal-derived nitric oxide); hormones (impaired testosterone release and actions); and metabolics (hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end product formation). CONCLUSION Basic science evidence supports the link between ED and CVMD. The Committee also highlighted gaps in knowledge and provided recommendations for guiding further scientific study defining this risk relationship. This endeavor serves to develop novel strategic directions for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J Bella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin P Davies
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Nestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna L Hannan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Noel N Kim
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Podlasek
- Departments of Urology, Physiology, and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Deidda M, Piras C, Bassareo PP, Cadeddu Dessalvi C, Mercuro G. Metabolomics, a promising approach to translational research in cardiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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103
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Metabolomic study on the faecal extracts of atherosclerosis mice and its application in a Traditional Chinese Medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1007:140-8. [PMID: 26596842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and their metabolites are closely related to the formation of atherosclerosis (AS). In this study, a metabolomic approach based on the reversed-phase liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) platform was established to analyze the metabolic profiling of fecal extracts from AS mice model. The established metabolomic platform was also used for clearing the effective mechanism of a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) named Sishen granule (SSKL). Totally, sixteen potential biomarkers in faeces of AS mice were identified and 5 of them could be reversed by SSKL. Through functional analysis of these biomarkers and the established network, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, energy cycle, and inflammation reaction were considered as the most relevant pathological changes in gastrointestinal tract of AS mice. The metabolomic study not only revealed the potential biomarkers in AS mice' faeces but also supplied a systematic view of the pathological changes in gastrointestinal metabolite in AS mice. This metabolomic study also demonstrated that SSKL had the therapeutic effectiveness on AS through partly reversing the lipid metabolism, inflammation and energy metabolism.
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Alonso A, Yu B, Qureshi WT, Grams ME, Selvin E, Soliman EZ, Loehr LR, Chen LY, Agarwal SK, Alexander D, Boerwinkle E. Metabolomics and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in African Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142610. [PMID: 26544570 PMCID: PMC4636390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia. Application of metabolomic approaches, which may identify novel pathways and biomarkers of disease risk, to a longitudinal epidemiologic study of AF has been limited. METHODS We determined the prospective association of 118 serum metabolites identified through untargeted metabolomics profiling with the incidence of newly-diagnosed AF in 1919 African-American men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study without AF at baseline (1987-1989). Incident AF cases through 2011 were ascertained from study electrocardiograms, hospital discharge codes, and death certificates. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 22 years, we identified 183 incident AF cases. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes, prevalent heart failure, prevalent coronary heart disease, and kidney function, two conjugated bile acids (glycolithocholate sulfate and glycocholenate sulfate) were significantly associated with AF risk after correcting for multiple comparisons (p<0.0004). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of AF were 1.22 (1.12-1.32) for glycolithocholate sulfate and 1.22 (1.10-1.35) for glycocholenate sulfate per 1-standard deviation higher levels. Associations were not appreciably different after additional adjustment for alcohol consumption or concentrations of circulating albumin and liver enzymes. CONCLUSION We found an association of higher levels of two bile acids with an increased risk of AF, pointing to a potential novel pathway in AF pathogenesis. Replication of results in independent studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Alonso
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Waqas T. Qureshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Morgan E. Grams
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elsayed Z. Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura R. Loehr
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lin Y. Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Agarwal
- Mount Sinai Heart Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Danny Alexander
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Abstract
Systems biology represents an integrative research strategy that studies the interactions between DNA, mRNA, protein, and metabolite level in an organism, thereby including the interactions with the physical environment and other organisms. The application of metabonomics, or the quantitative study of metabolites in biological systems, in systems biology is currently an emerging area of research, which can contribute to the discovery of (disease) signatures, drug targeting and design, and the further elucidation of basic and more complex biochemical principles. This chapter covers the contribution of metabonomics in advancing our understanding in systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky De Preter
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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Harada M, Tadevosyan A, Qi X, Xiao J, Liu T, Voigt N, Karck M, Kamler M, Kodama I, Murohara T, Dobrev D, Nattel S. Atrial Fibrillation Activates AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and its Regulation of Cellular Calcium Handling: Potential Role in Metabolic Adaptation and Prevention of Progression. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:47-58. [PMID: 26139058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with metabolic stress, which activates adenosine monophosphate-regulated protein kinase (AMPK). OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine AMPK response to AF and associated metabolic stress, along with consequences for atrial cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) handling. METHODS Calcium ion (Ca(2+)) transients (CaTs) and cell shortening (CS) were measured in dog and human atrial cardiomyocytes. AMPK phosphorylation and AMPK association with Ca(2+)-handling proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS CaT amplitude and CS decreased at 4-min glycolysis inhibition (GI) but returned to baseline at 8 min, suggesting cellular adaptation to metabolic stress, potentially due to AMPK activation. GI increased AMPK-activating phosphorylation, and an AMPK inhibitor, compound C (CompC), abolished the adaptation of CaT and CS to GI. The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) increased CaT amplitude and CS, restoring CompC-induced CaT and CS decreases. CompC decreased L-type calcium channel current (ICa,L), along with ICa,L-triggered CaT amplitude and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content under voltage clamp conditions in dog cells and suppressed CaT and ICa,L in human cardiomyocytes. Small interfering ribonucleic acid-based AMPK knockdown decreased CaT amplitude in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. L-type Ca(2+) channel α subunits coimmunoprecipitated with AMPKα. Atrial AMPK-activating phosphorylation was enhanced by 1 week of electrically maintained AF in dogs; fractional AMPK phosphorylation was increased in paroxysmal AF and reduced in longstanding persistent AF patients. CONCLUSIONS AMPK is activated by metabolic stress and AF, and helps maintain the intactness of atrial ICa,L, Ca(2+) handling, and cell contractility. AMPK contributes to the atrial compensatory response to AF-related metabolic stress; AF-related metabolic responses may be an interesting new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Harada
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Artavazd Tadevosyan
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jiening Xiao
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Cardiac and Vascular Center, School of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Huttrop Heart Center, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Cardiac and Vascular Center, School of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to coronary care units in western Sweden – focus on obesity and lipotoxicity. J Electrocardiol 2015; 48:853-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Irregular rhythm and atrial metabolism are key for the evolution of proarrhythmic atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:41. [PMID: 26018792 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kordalewska M, Markuszewski MJ. Metabolomics in cardiovascular diseases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:121-36. [PMID: 25958299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death globally. There is a need for the development of specific diagnostic methods, more effective therapeutic procedures as well as drugs, which can decrease the risk of deaths in the course of CVDs. For this reason, better understanding and explanation of molecular pathomechanisms of CVDs are essential. Metabolomics is focused on analysis of metabolites, small molecules which reflect the state of an organism in a certain point of time. Application of metabolomics approach in the investigation of molecular processes responsible for CVDs development may provide valuable information. In this article we overviewed recent reports employing application of untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses in particular CVDs. Moreover, we focused on applications of various analytical platforms and metabolomics approaches which may contribute to the explanation of the pathomechanisms of different cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kordalewska
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał J Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- From the Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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111
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Mayr M. Affinity proteomics for phosphatase interactions in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:174-6. [PMID: 25593059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Deshmukh A, Barnard J, Sun H, Newton D, Castel L, Pettersson G, Johnston D, Roselli E, Gillinov AM, McCurry K, Moravec C, Smith JD, Van Wagoner DR, Chung MK. Left atrial transcriptional changes associated with atrial fibrillation susceptibility and persistence. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014; 8:32-41. [PMID: 25523945 DOI: 10.1161/circep.114.001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior transcriptional studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been limited to specific transcripts, animal models, chronic AF, right atria, or small samples. We sought to characterize the left atrial transcriptome in human AF to distinguish changes related to AF susceptibility and persistence. METHODS AND RESULTS Left atrial appendages from 239 patients stratified by coronary artery disease, valve disease, and AF history (no history of AF, AF history in sinus rhythm at surgery, and AF history in AF at surgery) were selected for genome-wide mRNA microarray profiling. Transcripts were examined for differential expression with AF phenotype group. Enrichment in differentially expressed genes was examined in 3 gene set collections: a transcription factor collection, defined by shared conserved cis-regulatory motifs, a miRNA collection, defined by shared 3' untranslated region motifs, and a molecular function collection, defined by shared Gene Ontology molecular function. AF susceptibility was associated with decreased expression of the targets of CREB/ATF family, heat-shock factor 1, ATF6, SRF, and E2F1 transcription factors. Persistent AF activity was associated with decreased expression in genes and gene sets related to ion channel function consistent with reported functional changes. CONCLUSIONS AF susceptibility was associated with decreased expression of targets of several transcription factors related to inflammation, oxidation, and cellular stress responses. In contrast, changes in ion channel expression were associated with AF activity but were limited in AF susceptibility. Our results suggest that significant transcriptional remodeling marks susceptibility to AF, whereas remodeling of ion channel expression occurs later in the progression or as a consequence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrish Deshmukh
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - John Barnard
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Han Sun
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - David Newton
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Laurie Castel
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Gosta Pettersson
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Douglas Johnston
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Eric Roselli
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - A Marc Gillinov
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Kenneth McCurry
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Christine Moravec
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Mina K Chung
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.).
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Chang KC, Bayer JD, Trayanova NA. Disrupted calcium release as a mechanism for atrial alternans associated with human atrial fibrillation. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1004011. [PMID: 25501557 PMCID: PMC4263367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, but our knowledge of the arrhythmogenic substrate is incomplete. Alternans, the beat-to-beat alternation in the shape of cardiac electrical signals, typically occurs at fast heart rates and leads to arrhythmia. However, atrial alternans have been observed at slower pacing rates in AF patients than in controls, suggesting that increased vulnerability to arrhythmia in AF patients may be due to the proarrythmic influence of alternans at these slower rates. As such, alternans may present a useful therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of AF, but the mechanism underlying alternans occurrence in AF patients at heart rates near rest is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine how cellular changes that occur in human AF affect the appearance of alternans at heart rates near rest. To achieve this, we developed a computational model of human atrial tissue incorporating electrophysiological remodeling associated with chronic AF (cAF) and performed parameter sensitivity analysis of ionic model parameters to determine which cellular changes led to alternans. Of the 20 parameters tested, only decreasing the ryanodine receptor (RyR) inactivation rate constant (kiCa) produced action potential duration (APD) alternans seen clinically at slower pacing rates. Using single-cell clamps of voltage, fluxes, and state variables, we determined that alternans onset was Ca2+-driven rather than voltage-driven and occurred as a result of decreased RyR inactivation which led to increased steepness of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release slope. Iterated map analysis revealed that because SR Ca2+ uptake efficiency was much higher in control atrial cells than in cAF cells, drastic reductions in kiCa were required to produce alternans at comparable pacing rates in control atrial cells. These findings suggest that RyR kinetics may play a critical role in altered Ca2+ homeostasis which drives proarrhythmic APD alternans in patients with AF. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm affecting millions of people worldwide. Effective treatment of this cardiac disorder relies upon our detailed knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms that lead to arrhythmia. Recent clinical observations have suggested that alternans, a phenomenon where the shape of the electrical signal in the heart alternates from beat to beat, may play an important role in this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we use computational models to conduct a detailed examination of the causes and contributors to alternans associated with human atrial fibrillation. We find that in atria remodeled by atrial fibrillation, alternans appears near resting heart rates because several aspects of calcium cycling are disrupted in the atrial cells. In particular, the release and uptake of calcium from the cellular storage compartment, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, becomes imbalanced, leading to alternation in calcium signals from beat to beat. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms of proarrhythmic alternans in human atrial fibrillation which may be used to develop novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Chang
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Bayer
- IHU-LIRYC - L'Institut de RYthmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Natalia A. Trayanova
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Montecucco F, Carbone F, Dini FL, Fiuza M, Pinto FJ, Martelli A, Palombo D, Sambuceti G, Mach F, De Caterina R. Implementation strategies of Systems Medicine in clinical research and home care for cardiovascular disease patients. Eur J Intern Med 2014; 25:785-94. [PMID: 25283057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insights from the "-omics" science have recently emphasized the need to implement an overall strategy in medical research. Here, the development of Systems Medicine has been indicated as a potential tool for clinical translation of basic research discoveries. Systems Medicine also gives the opportunity of improving different steps in medical practice, from diagnosis to healthcare management, including clinical research. The development of Systems Medicine is still hampered however by several challenges, the main one being the development of computational tools adequate to record, analyze and share a large amount of disparate data. In addition, available informatics tools appear not yet fully suitable for the challenge because they are not standardized, not universally available, or with ethical/legal concerns. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a very promising area for translating Systems Medicine into clinical practice. By developing clinically applied technologies, the collection and analysis of data may improve CV risk stratification and prediction. Standardized models for data recording and analysis can also greatly broaden data exchange, thus promoting a uniform management of CVD patients also useful for clinical research. This advance however requires a great organizational effort by both physicians and health institutions, as well as the overcoming of ethical problems. This narrative review aims at providing an update on the state-of-art knowledge in the area of Systems Medicine as applied to CVD, focusing on current critical issues, providing a road map for its practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, 64 avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Federico Carbone
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, 64 avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Frank Lloyd Dini
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Azienda Universitaria-Ospedaliera Pisana, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Fiuza
- Serviço de Cardiologia 1, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHLN), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fausto J Pinto
- Serviço de Cardiologia 1, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHLN), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonietta Martelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, San Martino Hospital, 10 Largo Rosanna Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, 64 avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University - Chieti-Pescara, Italy; G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
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Dedkova EN, Blatter LA. Role of β-hydroxybutyrate, its polymer poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and inorganic polyphosphate in mammalian health and disease. Front Physiol 2014; 5:260. [PMID: 25101001 PMCID: PMC4102118 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive review of the role of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), its linear polymer poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in mammalian health and disease. β-OHB is a metabolic intermediate that constitutes 70% of ketone bodies produced during ketosis. Although ketosis has been generally considered as an unfavorable pathological state (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis in type-1 diabetes mellitus), it has been suggested that induction of mild hyperketonemia may have certain therapeutic benefits. β-OHB is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA by β-OHB dehydrogenase and can be used as alternative energy source. Elevated levels of PHB are associated with pathological states. In humans, short-chain, complexed PHB (cPHB) is found in a wide variety of tissues and in atherosclerotic plaques. Plasma cPHB concentrations correlate strongly with atherogenic lipid profiles, and PHB tissue levels are elevated in type-1 diabetic animals. However, little is known about mechanisms of PHB action especially in the heart. In contrast to β-OHB, PHB is a water-insoluble, amphiphilic polymer that has high intrinsic viscosity and salt-solvating properties. cPHB can form non-specific ion channels in planar lipid bilayers and liposomes. PHB can form complexes with polyP and Ca(2+) which increases membrane permeability. The biological roles played by polyP, a ubiquitous phosphate polymer with ATP-like bonds, have been most extensively studied in prokaryotes, however polyP has recently been linked to a variety of functions in mammalian cells, including blood coagulation, regulation of enzyme activity in cancer cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis and mitochondrial ion transport and energy metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that polyP is a potent activator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in cardiomyocytes and may represent a hitherto unrecognized key structural and functional component of the mitochondrial membrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Dedkova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lothar A Blatter
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
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116
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Potential of metabolomics in preclinical and clinical drug development. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:956-63. [PMID: 25443721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an upcoming technology system which involves detailed experimental analysis of metabolic profiles. Due to its diverse applications in preclinical and clinical research, it became an useful tool for the drug discovery and drug development process. This review covers the brief outline about the instrumentation and interpretation of metabolic profiles. The applications of metabolomics have a considerable scope in the pharmaceutical industry, almost at each step from drug discovery to clinical development. These include finding drug target, potential safety and efficacy biomarkers and mechanisms of drug action, the validation of preclinical experimental models against human disease profiles, and the discovery of clinical safety and efficacy biomarkers. As we all know, nowadays the drug discovery and development process is a very expensive, and risky business. Failures at any stage of drug discovery and development process cost millions of dollars to the companies. Some of these failures or the associated risks could be prevented or minimized if there were better ways of drug screening, drug toxicity profiling and monitoring adverse drug reactions. Metabolomics potentially offers an effective route to address all the issues associated with the drug discovery and development.
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Abstract
Systems biology is an approach to dissection of complex traits that explicitly recognizes the impact of genetic, physiological, and environmental interactions in the generation of phenotypic variation. We describe comprehensive transcriptional and metabolic profiling in Drosophila melanogaster across four diets, finding little overlap in modular architecture. Genotype and genotype-by-diet interactions are a major component of transcriptional variation (24 and 5.3% of the total variation, respectively) while there were no main effects of diet (<1%). Genotype was also a major contributor to metabolomic variation (16%), but in contrast to the transcriptome, diet had a large effect (9%) and the interaction effect was minor (2%) for the metabolome. Yet specific principal components of these molecular phenotypes measured in larvae are strongly correlated with particular metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes such as pupal weight, larval sugar content and triglyceride content, development time, and cardiac arrhythmia in adults. The second principal component of the metabolomic profile is especially informative across these traits with glycine identified as a key loading variable. To further relate this physiological variability to genotypic polymorphism, we performed evolve-and-resequence experiments, finding rapid and replicated changes in gene frequency across hundreds of loci that are specific to each diet. Adaptation to diet is thus highly polygenic. However, loci differentially transcribed across diet or previously identified by RNAi knockdown or expression QTL analysis were not the loci responding to dietary selection. Therefore, loci that respond to the selective pressures of diet cannot be readily predicted a priori from functional analyses.
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118
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Gregorich ZR, Chang YH, Ge Y. Proteomics in heart failure: top-down or bottom-up? Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1199-209. [PMID: 24619480 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) is diverse, owing to multiple etiologies and aberrations in a number of cellular processes. Therefore, it is essential to understand how defects in the molecular pathways that mediate cellular responses to internal and external stressors function as a system to drive the HF phenotype. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics strategies have great potential for advancing our understanding of disease mechanisms at the systems level because proteins are the effector molecules for all cell functions and, thus, are directly responsible for determining cell phenotype. Two MS-based proteomics strategies exist: peptide-based bottom-up and protein-based top-down proteomics--each with its own unique strengths and weaknesses for interrogating the proteome. In this review, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bottom-up and top-down MS for protein identification, quantification, and analysis of post-translational modifications, as well as highlight how both of these strategies have contributed to our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HF. Additionally, the challenges associated with both proteomics approaches will be discussed and insights will be offered regarding the future of MS-based proteomics in HF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R Gregorich
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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119
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Tu T, Zhou S, Liu Z, Li X, Liu Q. Quantitative proteomics of changes in energy metabolism-related proteins in atrial tissue from valvular disease patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Circ J 2014; 78:993-1001. [PMID: 24553264 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modification of cardiac energy metabolism during atrial fibrillation (AF) has been demonstrated in previous studies, indicating a close association between these 2 processes. The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying mechanisms via profiling of the expression of energy metabolism-related proteins in the left atrial appendage (LAA) of patients with AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-coupled 2-D liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (iTRAQ-coupled 2-D LC-MS/MS) was used to profile the expression of energy metabolism-related proteins in the LAA from valvular disease patients with sinus rhythm (SR; n=6) and AF (n=8). Using ProteinPilot 4.0, 122 energy metabolism-related proteins, consisting of 39 carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins, 22 proteins involved in lipid metabolism, 49 biological oxidation-related proteins and 12 other kinds of proteins, were identified. Most of them were key enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Moreover, most of the proteins that were expressed differently in the LAA between the AF and SR patients, and which were related to energy metabolism, were downregulated. These results were further validated on western blot. CONCLUSIONS Atrial myocardium energy production in valvular disease patients is impaired during permanent AF, and this impairment in energy production may be involved in the matrix of AF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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120
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Zhou J, Gao J, Liu Y, Gu S, Zhang X, An X, Yan J, Xin Y, Su P. Human atrium transcript analysis of permanent atrial fibrillation. Int Heart J 2014; 55:71-7. [PMID: 24463922 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.13-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased risks of stroke and heart failure. However, the exact mechanisms of left atrium remodeling and AF-related biological behaviors are not completely understood.The transcripts of left atrium in permanent atrium fibrillation patients (n = 7) were compared with those of healthy heart donors (n = 4) in sinus rhythm using Agilent 4x44K microarrays. Differently expressed genes were analyzed based on Gene Ontology and KEGG and Biocarta pathway analysis databases.We identified 567 down- and 420 up-regulated genes in atrial fibrillation. The majority of the down-regulated genes participated in metabolic processes, particularly that for fatty acids. The most remarkable up-regulating effects were immune and platelet activation. In addition, atrial remodeling including structural, contractile, electrophysiological, neurohormone, and oxidant stress was also observed, suggesting various pathophysiology changes in fibrillating atrium. Nine AF closely related genes were validated by real-time RT-PCR.Some AF specific genes were determined which may be a complement to the mechanism of left atrium remodeling. Metabolic changes and inflammation could promote or aggravate atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education
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121
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Laborde CM, Mourino-Alvarez L, Posada-Ayala M, Alvarez-Llamas G, Serranillos-Reus MG, Moreu J, Vivanco F, Padial LR, Barderas MG. Plasma metabolomics reveals a potential panel of biomarkers for early diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome. Metabolomics 2014; 10:414-424. [PMID: 25814918 PMCID: PMC4363481 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-013-0595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of new biomarkers is critical for early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recent advances in metabolomic technologies have drastically enhanced the possibility of improving the knowledge of its physiopathology through the identification of the altered metabolic pathways. In this study, analyses of peripheral plasma from non-ST segment elevation ACS patients and healthy controls by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC) permitted the identification of 15 metabolites with statistical differences (p < 0.05) between experimental groups. Additionally, validation by GC-MC and liquid chromatography-MC permitted us to identify a potential panel of biomarkers formed by 5-OH-tryptophan, 2-OH-butyric acid and 3-OH-butyric acid. This panel of biomarkers reflects the oxidative stress and the hypoxic state that suffers the myocardial cells and consequently constitutes a metabolomic signature of the atherogenesis process that could be used for early diagnosis of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Laborde
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Moreu
- Department of Hemodynamic, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Facultad de Biología, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis R. Padial
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - María G. Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
- Proteomic Unit, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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Zhang AH, Sun H, Qiu S, Wang XJ. NMR-based metabolomics coupled with pattern recognition methods in biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:549-556. [PMID: 23828598 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers could detect biochemical changes associated with disease processes. The key metabolites have become an important part for improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of diseases. Because of the chemical diversity and dynamic concentration range, the analysis of metabolites remains a challenge. Assessment of fluctuations on the levels of endogenous metabolites by advanced NMR spectroscopy technique combined with multivariate statistics, the so-called metabolomics approach, has proved to be exquisitely valuable in human disease diagnosis. Because of its ability to detect a large number of metabolites in intact biological samples with isotope labeling of metabolites using nuclei such as H, C, N, and P, NMR has emerged as one of the most powerful analytical techniques in metabolomics and has dramatically improved the ability to identify low concentration metabolites and trace important metabolic pathways. Multivariate statistical methods or pattern recognition programs have been developed to handle the acquired data and to search for the discriminating features from biosample sets. Furthermore, the combination of NMR with pattern recognition methods has proven highly effective at identifying unknown metabolites that correlate with changes in genotype or phenotype. The research and clinical results achieved through NMR investigations during the first 13 years of the 21st century illustrate areas where this technology can be best translated into clinical practice. In this review, we will present several special examples of a successful application of NMR for biomarker discovery, implications for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy evaluation, and discuss possible future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-hua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
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Metabolomics in plants and humans: applications in the prevention and diagnosis of diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:792527. [PMID: 23986911 PMCID: PMC3748395 DOI: 10.1155/2013/792527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, there has been an increase in the number of metabolomic approaches used, in parallel with proteomic and functional genomic studies. The wide variety of chemical types of metabolites available has also accelerated the use of different techniques in the investigation of the metabolome. At present, metabolomics is applied to investigate several human diseases, to improve their diagnosis and prevention, and to design better therapeutic strategies. In addition, metabolomic studies are also being carried out in areas such as toxicology and pharmacology, crop breeding, and plant biotechnology. In this review, we emphasize the use and application of metabolomics in human diseases and plant research to improve human health.
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125
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Chung YL, Mayr M. La proteómica y la metabolómica: los mecanismos de la enfermedad cardiovascular y el descubrimiento de biomarcadores. Rev Esp Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Chung YL, Mayr M. Proteomics and metabolomics for mechanistic insights and biomarker discovery in cardiovascular disease. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2013; 66:657-61. [PMID: 24776335 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, proteomics and metabolomics have contributed substantially to our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. The unbiased assessment of pathophysiological processes without a priori assumptions complements other molecular biology techniques that are currently used in a reductionist approach. In this review, we highlight some of the "omics" methods used to assess protein and metabolite changes in cardiovascular disease. A discrete biological function is very rarely attributed to a single molecule; more often it is the combined input of many proteins. In contrast to the reductionist approach, in which molecules are studied individually, "omics" platforms allow the study of more complex interactions in biological systems. Combining proteomics and metabolomics to quantify changes in metabolites and their corresponding enzymes will advance our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and aid the identification of novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Magnani JW, Rienstra M, Lin H, Sinner MF, Lubitz SA, McManus DD, Dupuis J, Ellinor PT, Benjamin EJ. Atrial fibrillation: current knowledge and future directions in epidemiology and genomics. Circulation 2013; 124:1982-93. [PMID: 22042927 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.039677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared W Magnani
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
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Oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation: an emerging role of NADPH oxidase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:72-9. [PMID: 23643589 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Patients with AF have up to seven-fold higher risk of suffering from ischemic stroke. Better understanding of etiologies of AF and its thromboembolic complications are required for improved patient care, as current anti-arrhythmic therapies have limited efficacy and off target effects. Accumulating evidence has implicated a potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AF. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is likely involved in the structural and electrical remodeling of the heart, contributing to fibrosis and thrombosis. In particular, NADPH oxidase (NOX) has emerged as a potential enzymatic source for ROS production in AF based on growing evidence from clinical and animal studies. Indeed, NOX can be activated by known upstream triggers of AF such as angiotensin II and atrial stretch. In addition, treatments such as statins, antioxidants, ACEI or AT1RB have been shown to prevent post-operative AF; among which ACEI/AT1RB and statins can attenuate NOX activity. On the other hand, detailed molecular mechanisms by which specific NOX isoform(s) are involved in the pathogenesis of AF and the extent to which activation of NOX plays a causal role in AF development remains to be determined. The current review discusses causes and consequences of oxidative stress in AF with a special focus on the emerging role of NOX pathways.
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Cotter DG, Schugar RC, Crawford PA. Ketone body metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1060-76. [PMID: 23396451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00646.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ketone bodies are metabolized through evolutionarily conserved pathways that support bioenergetic homeostasis, particularly in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle when carbohydrates are in short supply. The metabolism of ketone bodies interfaces with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation of fatty acids, de novo lipogenesis, sterol biosynthesis, glucose metabolism, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, hormonal signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and the microbiome. Here we review the mechanisms through which ketone bodies are metabolized and how their signals are transmitted. We focus on the roles this metabolic pathway may play in cardiovascular disease states, the bioenergetic benefits of myocardial ketone body oxidation, and prospective interactions among ketone body metabolism, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. Ketone body metabolism is noninvasively quantifiable in humans and is responsive to nutritional interventions. Therefore, further investigation of this pathway in disease models and in humans may ultimately yield tailored diagnostic strategies and therapies for specific pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Cotter
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Heather LC, Wang X, West JA, Griffin JL. A practical guide to metabolomic profiling as a discovery tool for human heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 55:2-11. [PMID: 23231771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics has refreshed interest in metabolism across biology and medicine, particularly in the areas of functional genomics and biomarker discovery. In this review we will discuss the experimental techniques and challenges involved in metabolomic profiling and how these technologies have been applied to cardiovascular disease. Open profiling and targeted approaches to metabolomics are compared, focusing on high resolution NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as discussing how to analyse the large amounts of data generated using multivariate statistics. Finally, the current literature on metabolomic profiling in human cardiovascular disease is reviewed to illustrate the diversity of approaches, and discuss some of the key metabolites and pathways found to be perturbed in plasma, urine and tissue from patients with these diseases. This includes studies of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. These studies demonstrate the potential of the technology for biomarker discovery and elucidating metabolic mechanisms associated with given pathologies, but also in some cases provide a warning of the pitfalls of poor study design. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Focus on Cardiac Metabolism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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131
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases constitute the largest of death in developed countries, being atherosclerosis the major contributor. Atherosclerosis is a process of chronic inflammation, characterized by the accumulation of lipids, cells, and fibrous elements in medium and large arteries. There is a continuum in atherosclerotic cardiovascular pathology that extends from the initial endothelial damage to diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The extent of inflammation, proteolysis, calcification, and neovascularization influences the development of advanced lesions (atheroma plaques) on the arteries. Plaque rupture and the ensuing thrombosis cause the acute complications of atherosclerosis, i.e., myocardial infarction and cerebral ischemia. Thus, identification of early biomarkers of plaque unstability and susceptibility to rupture is of capital importance in preventing acute events. In recent years proteomics has been successfully applied to study proteins involved in these pathological processes. Thus, proteomic studies have been carried out focusing on different elements such as vascular tissues (arteries), artery layers, cells looking at proteomes and secretomes, plasma/serum, exosomes, lipoproteins, and metabolites. This chapter will provide an overview of latest advances in proteomic studies of atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, SESCAM, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
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132
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Reimann M, Peitzsch M, Ziemssen T, Julius U, Eisenhofer G. Metabolomic distinction of microvascular effects of lipoprotein apheresis – A pilot study. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2013; 14:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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133
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Yin X, Dwyer J, Langley SR, Mayr U, Xing Q, Drozdov I, Nabeebaccus A, Shah AM, Madhu B, Griffiths J, Edwards LM, Mayr M. Effects of perhexiline-induced fuel switch on the cardiac proteome and metabolome. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 55:27-30. [PMID: 23277191 PMCID: PMC3573230 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perhexiline is a potent anti-anginal drug used for treatment of refractory angina and other forms of heart disease. It provides an oxygen sparing effect in the myocardium by creating a switch from fatty acid to glucose metabolism through partial inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects elicited by perhexiline are not fully understood. The present study employed a combined proteomics, metabolomics and computational approach to characterise changes in murine hearts upon treatment with perhexiline. According to results based on difference in-gel electrophoresis, the most profound change in the cardiac proteome related to the activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Metabolomic analysis by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed lower levels of total creatine and taurine in hearts of perhexiline-treated mice. Creatine and taurine levels were also significantly correlated in a cross-correlation analysis of all metabolites. Computational modelling suggested that far from inducing a simple shift from fatty acid to glucose oxidation, perhexiline may cause complex rebalancing of carbon and nucleotide phosphate fluxes, fuelled by increased lactate and amino acid uptake, to increase metabolic flexibility and to maintain cardiac output. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Focus on Cardiac Metabolism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Yin
- King's BHF Centre, King's College London, UK
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134
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Abstract
The conventional reductionist approach to cardiovascular research investigates individual candidate factors or linear signalling pathways but ignores more complex interactions in biological systems. The advent of molecular profiling technologies that focus on a global characterization of whole complements allows an exploration of the interconnectivity of pathways during pathophysiologically relevant processes, but has brought about the issue of statistical analysis and data integration. Proteins identified by differential expression as well as those in protein–protein interaction networks identified through experiments and through computational modelling techniques can be used as an initial starting point for functional analyses. In combination with other ‘-omics’ technologies, such as transcriptomics and metabolomics, proteomics explores different aspects of disease, and the different pillars of observations facilitate the data integration in disease-specific networks. Ultimately, a systems biology approach may advance our understanding of cardiovascular disease processes at a ‘biological pathway’ instead of a ‘single molecule’ level and accelerate progress towards disease-modifying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Langley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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135
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Harada M, Nattel SN, Nattel S. AMP-activated protein kinase: potential role in cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012; 5:860-7. [PMID: 22895602 DOI: 10.1161/circep.112.972265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Harada
- Department of Medicine and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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136
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Chan MY, Lin M, Lucas J, Moseley A, Thompson JW, Cyr D, Ueda H, Kajikawa M, Ortel TL, Becker RC. Plasma proteomics of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation on chronic anti-coagulation with warfarin or a direct factor Xa inhibitor. Thromb Haemost 2012; 108:1180-91. [PMID: 23052711 DOI: 10.1160/th12-05-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma proteins mediate thrombogenesis, inflammation, endocardial injury and structural remodelling in atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesised that anti-coagulation with rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, would differentially modulate biologically-relevant plasma proteins, compared with warfarin, a multi-coagulation protein antagonist. We performed unbiased liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy and candidate multiplexed protein immunoassays among Japanese subjects with non-valvular chronic AF who were randomly assigned to treatment with 24 weeks of rivaroxaban (n=93) or warfarin (n=94). Nine metaproteins, including fibulin-1 (p=0.0033), vitronectin (p=0.0010), haemoglobin α (p=0.0012), apolipoproteins C-II (p=0.0017) and H (p=0.0023), complement C5 precursor (p=0.0026), coagulation factor XIIIA (p=0.0026) and XIIIB (p=0.0032) subunits, and 10 candidate proteins, including thrombomodulin (p=0.0004), intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (p=0.0064), interleukin-8 (p=0.0007) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (p=0.0003), were differentially expressed among patients with and without known clinical risk factors for stroke and bleeding in AF. Compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban treatment was associated with a greater increase in thrombomodulin (Δ 0.1 vs. 0.3 pg/ml, p=0.0026) and a trend towards a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Δ 2.2 vs. -4.9 pg/ml, p=0.0757) over 24 weeks. Only modest correlations were observed between protein levels and prothrombin time, factor Xa activity and prothrombinase-induced clotting time. Plasma proteomics can identify distinct functional patterns of protein expression that report on known stroke and bleeding risk phenotypes in an ethnically-homogeneous AF population. The greater upregulation of thrombomodulin among patients randomised to rivaroxaban represents a proof-of-principle that pharmacoproteomics can be employed to discern novel effects of factor Xa inhibition beyond standard pharmacodynamic measures.
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137
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Abstract
Metabolomics is the systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints of small molecules or metabolite profiles that are related to a variety of cellular metabolic processes in a cell, organ, or organism. Although messenger RNA gene expression data and proteomic analyses do not tell the whole story of what might be happening in a cell, metabolic profiling provides direct and indirect physiologic insights that can potentially be detectable in a wide range of biospecimens. Although not specific to cardiac conditions, translating metabolomics to cardiovascular biomarkers has followed the traditional path of biomarker discovery from identification and confirmation to clinical validation and bedside testing. With technological advances in metabolomic tools (such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry) and more sophisticated bioinformatics and analytical techniques, the ability to measure low-molecular-weight metabolites in biospecimens provides a unique insight into established and novel metabolic pathways. Systemic metabolomics may provide physiologic understanding of cardiovascular disease states beyond traditional profiling and may involve descriptions of metabolic responses of an individual or population to therapeutic interventions or environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Senn
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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138
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Pula G, Perera S, Prokopi M, Sidibe A, Boulanger CM, Mayr M. Proteomic analysis of secretory proteins and vesicles in vascular research. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 2:882-91. [PMID: 21136886 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The release of proteins and membrane vesicles in the bloodstream regulates diverse vascular processes, both physiological, such as angiogenesis and haemostasis, and pathological, such as atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Proteomics, beside its canonical application for the expression profiling in cells and organs, can be applied to the study of secreted proteins and microvesicles, which play a significant role in the homeostasis of the vasculature, and the development of the atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Pula
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
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139
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha I. De Souza
- From the Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. John Camm
- From the Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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140
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Abstract
Testosterone is the major circulating androgen in men but exhibits an age-related decline in the ageing male. Late-onset hypogonadism or androgen deficiency syndrome (ADS) is a 'syndromic' disorder including both a persistent low testosterone serum concentration and major clinical symptoms, including erectile dysfunction, low libido, decreased muscle mass and strength, increased body fat, decreased vitality or depressed mood. Given its unspecific symptoms, treatment goals and monitoring parameters, this review will outline the various uncertainties concerning the diagnosis, therapy and monitoring of ADS to date. Literature was identified primarily through searches for specific investigators in the PubMed database. No date or language limits were applied in the literature search for the present review. The current state of research, showing that metabolomics is starting to have an impact not only on disease diagnosis and prognosis but also on drug treatment efficacy and safety monitoring, will be presented, and the application of metabolomics to improve the clinical management of ADS will be discussed. Finally, the scientific opportunities presented by metabolomics and other -omics as novel and promising tools for biomarker discovery and individualised testosterone replacement therapy in men will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Haring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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141
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Turer AT. Using metabolomics to assess myocardial metabolism and energetics in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 55:12-8. [PMID: 22982115 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a long history of investigation into the metabolism of the failing heart. Congestive heart failure is marked both by severe disruptions in myocardial energy supply and an inability of the heart to efficiently uptake and oxidize fuels. Despite the many advancements in our understanding, there are still even more outstanding questions in the field. Metabolomics has the power to assist our understanding of the metabolic derangements which accompany myocardial dysfunction. Metabolomic investigations in animal models of heart failure have already highlighted several novel, potentially important pathways of substrate selection and toxicity. Metabolomic biomarker studies in humans, already successfully applied to other forms of cardiovascular disease, have the potential to improve diagnosis and patient care. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Focus on Cardiac Metabolism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan T Turer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8521, USA.
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142
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Jindal HK, Merchant E, Balschi JA, Zhangand Y, Koren G. Proteomic analyses of transgenic LQT1 and LQT2 rabbit hearts elucidate an increase in expression and activity of energy producing enzymes. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5254-65. [PMID: 22796357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Various biochemical and genomic mechanisms are considered to be a hallmark of metabolic remodeling in the stressed heart, including the hypertrophied and failing heart. In this study, we used quantitative proteomic 2-D Fluorescence Difference In-Gel Electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) in conjunction with mass spectrometry to demonstrate differential protein expression in the hearts of transgenic rabbit models of Long QT Syndrome 1 (LQT1) and Long QT Syndrome 2 (LQT2) as compared to littermate controls (LMC). The results of our proteomic analysis revealed upregulation of key metabolic enzymes involved in all pathways associated with ATP generation, including creatine kinase in both LQT1 and LQT2 rabbit hearts. Additionally, the expression of lamin-A protein was increased in both LQT1 and LQT2 rabbit hearts as was the expression of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and desmoplakin in LQT1 and LQT 2 rabbit hearts, respectively. Results of the proteomic analysis also demonstrated down regulation in the expression of protein disulfide-isomerase A3 precuorsor and dynamin-like 120 kDa protein (mitochondrial) in LQT1, and of alpha-actinin 2 in LQT2 rabbit hearts. Up regulation of the expression of the enzymes associated with ATP generation was substantiated by the results of selective enzyme assays in LQT1 and LQT2 hearts, as compared to LMC, which revealed increases in the activities of glycogen phosphorylase (+50%, +65%, respectively), lactate dehydrogenase (+25%, +25%) pyruvate dehydrogenase (+31%, +22%), and succinate dehydrogenase (+32%, +60%). The activity of cytochrome c-oxidase, a marker for the mitochondrial function was also found to be significantly elevated (+80%) in LQT1 rabbit hearts as compared with LMC. Western blot analysis in LQT1 and LQT2 hearts compared to LMC revealed an increase in the expression of very-long chain-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (+35%, +33%), a rate-limiting enzymes in β-oxidation of fatty acids. Collectively, our results demonstrate similar increases in the expression and activities of key ATP-generating enzymes in LQT1 and LQT2 rabbit hearts, suggesting an increased demand, and in turn, increased energy supply across the entire metabolic pathway by virtue of the upregulation of enzymes involved in energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh K Jindal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, West Coro-5, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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143
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex disease with increasing prevalence in an aging population and longer survival with cardiovascular diseases. Whereas most clinical efforts have been aimed at predicting risk of AF sequelae such as stroke and heart failure, little is known on primary prevention. AF risk assessment is complicated by the existence of distinct subtypes of AF, such as lone AF or postoperative AF, in contrast to common AF in the elderly. Due to its often intermittent nature, diagnosing AF can be a challenge. Risk prediction becomes reasonable when specific interventions arise. Due to our limited understanding of AF pathophysiology and substantial lack of specific preventive strategies in the population, modification of the general cardiovascular risk profile has largely remained the only option. Initial attempts at combining established risk factors for AF such as age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, electrocardiographic characteristics, and cardiovascular disease in a risk-prediction instrument have produced a robust algorithm. However, known risk factors only explain a fraction of the population-attributable risk of AF, and the search for novel risk indicators is ongoing. More efficient monitoring for electrocardiographic precursors of AF and the field of genomics are evolving areas of AF risk factor research. A better understanding of the underlying substrate of AF will provide targets for prevention. In the future, clinical trials will be needed to establish risk categories, interventions, and their efficacy. Despite a relevant public-health impact, knowledge on risk prediction and primary prevention of AF is still limited today. There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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144
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Mercuro G, Bassareo PP, Deidda M, Cadeddu C, Barberini L, Atzori L. Metabolomics: a new era in cardiology? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 12:800-5. [PMID: 21934525 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32834a658f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The metabolome represents the collection of all metabolites in a biological cell, tissue, organ or organism, which are the end-products of cellular processes. Metabolomics is the systematic study of small-molecule metabolite profiles that specific cellular processes leave behind. RNA messenger gene expression data and proteomic analyses do not tell the whole story of what might be happening in a cell. Metabolic profiling, in turn, amplifies changes both in the proteome and the genome, and represents a more accurate approximation to the phenotype of an organism in health and disease. In this article, we have provided a description of metabolomics, in the presence of other, more familiar 'omics' disciplines, such as genomics and proteomics. In addition, we have reviewed the current rationale for metabolomics in cardiology, its basic methodology and the data actually available in human studies in this discipline. The discussed topics highlight the importance of being able to use the metabolomics information in order to understand disease mechanisms from a systems biology perspective as a noninvasive approach to diagnose, grade and treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
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145
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Didangelos A, Schoendube FA, Drozdov I, Yin X, Fernández-Caggiano M, Willeit P, Puntmann VO, Aldama-López G, Shah AM, Doménech N, Mayr M. Proteomics Analysis of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Circulation 2012; 125:789-802. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.056952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
After myocardial ischemia, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition occurs at the site of the focal injury and at the border region.
Methods and Results—
We have applied a novel proteomic method for the analysis of ECM in cardiovascular tissues to a porcine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. ECM proteins were sequentially extracted and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. For the first time, ECM proteins such as cartilage intermediate layer protein 1, matrilin-4, extracellular adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1, collagen α-1(XIV), and several members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, including asporin and prolargin, were shown to contribute to cardiac remodeling. A comparison in 2 distinct cardiac regions (the focal injury in the left ventricle and the border region close to the occluded coronary artery) revealed a discordant regulation of protein and mRNA levels; although gene expression for selected ECM proteins was similar in both regions, the corresponding protein levels were much higher in the focal lesion. Further analysis based on >100 ECM proteins delineated a signature of early- and late-stage cardiac remodeling with transforming growth factor-β1 signaling at the center of the interaction network. Finally, novel cardiac ECM proteins identified by proteomics were validated in human left ventricular tissue acquired from ischemic cardiomyopathy patients at cardiac transplantation.
Conclusion—
Our findings reveal a biosignature of early- and late-stage ECM remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may have clinical utility as a prognostic marker and modifiable target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Friedrich A. Schoendube
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Ignat Drozdov
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Mariana Fernández-Caggiano
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Peter Willeit
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Valentina O. Puntmann
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Guillermo Aldama-López
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Nieves Doménech
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
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Nemutlu E, Zhang S, Gupta A, Juranic NO, Macura SI, Terzic A, Jahangir A, Dzeja P. Dynamic phosphometabolomic profiling of human tissues and transgenic models by 18O-assisted ³¹P NMR and mass spectrometry. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:386-402. [PMID: 22234996 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00152.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation screening of disease-related metabolomic phenotypes requires monitoring of both metabolite levels and turnover rates. Stable isotope (18)O-assisted (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry uniquely allows simultaneous measurement of phosphometabolite levels and turnover rates in tissue and blood samples. The (18)O labeling procedure is based on the incorporation of one (18)O into P(i) from [(18)O]H(2)O with each act of ATP hydrolysis and the distribution of (18)O-labeled phosphoryls among phosphate-carrying molecules. This enables simultaneous recording of ATP synthesis and utilization, phosphotransfer fluxes through adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, and glycolytic pathways, as well as mitochondrial substrate shuttle, urea and Krebs cycle activity, glycogen turnover, and intracellular energetic communication. Application of expanded (18)O-labeling procedures has revealed significant differences in the dynamics of G-6-P[(18)O] (glycolysis), G-3-P[(18)O] (substrate shuttle), and G-1-P[(18)O] (glycogenolysis) between human and rat atrial myocardium. In human atria, the turnover of G-3-P[(18)O], which defects are associated with the sudden death syndrome, was significantly higher indicating a greater importance of substrate shuttling to mitochondria. Phosphometabolomic profiling of transgenic hearts deficient in adenylate kinase (AK1-/-), which altered levels and mutations are associated to human diseases, revealed a stress-induced shift in metabolomic profile with increased CrP[(18)O] and decreased G-1-P[(18)O] metabolic dynamics. The metabolomic profile of creatine kinase M-CK/ScCKmit-/--deficient hearts is characterized by a higher G-6-[(18)O]P turnover rate, G-6-P levels, glycolytic capacity, γ/β-phosphoryl of GTP[(18)O] turnover, as well as β-[(18)O]ATP and β-[(18)O]ADP turnover, indicating altered glycolytic, guanine nucleotide, and adenylate kinase metabolic flux. Thus, (18)O-assisted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and (31)P NMR provide a suitable platform for dynamic phosphometabolomic profiling of the cellular energetic system enabling prediction and diagnosis of metabolic diseases states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirhan Nemutlu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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147
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Substrate modifications precede the development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a proteomic study. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92:104-10. [PMID: 21718835 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. The pathogenesis of AF appears to be multifactorial but little is known about the cause-effect relationship of substrate modifications with the onset of the arrhythmia. With the use of modern proteomics, this study aims to identify preexisting changes in the left atrium of patients susceptible to postoperative AF. METHODS We analyzed 20 matched patients undergoing elective, first-time coronary artery bypass grafting with no history of AF. They were divided into 2 equal groups according to the development of postoperative AF. Proteomic analysis was performed in left atrial tissue obtained during surgery using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis techniques. Mass spectrometry identified proteins that were differentially expressed in patients who developed AF against those who remained in sinus rhythm. RESULTS Proteomic analysis of left atrial tissue identified 19 differentially expressed protein spots between patients who developed postoperative AF and their sinus rhythm counterparts. In patients who developed AF, proteins associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis (peroxiredoxin 1, apoptosis-inducing factor, and 96S protease regulatory subunit 8) as well as acute phase response components (apolipoprotein A-I, fibrinogen) were found to be increased. Conversely, the expression of proteins responsible for glycolysis (enolase) and pyruvate metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase) was reduced. CONCLUSIONS We describe protein changes that precede the development of postoperative AF and which might be suggestive of increased oxidative stress and glycolytic inhibition in the left atrium of patients predilected to AF.
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Goudarzi M, Ross MM, Zhou W, Van Meter A, Deng J, Martin LM, Martin C, Liotta L, Petricoin E, Ad N. Development of a novel proteomic approach for mitochondrial proteomics from cardiac tissue from patients with atrial fibrillation. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3484-92. [PMID: 21736391 DOI: 10.1021/pr200108m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting approximately 2.2 million Americans. Because several studies have suggested that changes in mitochondrial function and morphology may contribute to AF, we developed a novel proteomic workflow focused on the identification of differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins in AF patients. Right human atrial tissue was collected from 20 patients, 10 with and 10 without AF, and the tissue was subjected to hydrostatic pressure cycling-based lysis followed by label-free mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of mitochondrial enriched isolates. Approximately 5% of the 700 proteins identified by MS analysis were differentially expressed between the AF and non-AF samples. We chose four differentially abundant proteins for further verification using reverse phase protein microarray analysis based on their known importance in energy production and regulatory association with atrial ion channels: four and a half LIM, destrin, heat shock protein 2, and chaperonin-containing TCP1. These initial study results provide evidence that a workflow to identify AF-related proteins that combines a powerful upfront tissue cell lysis with high resolution MS for discovery and protein array technology for verification may be an effective strategy for discovering candidate markers in highly fibrous tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Goudarzi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
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Alexander D, Lombardi R, Rodriguez G, Mitchell MM, Marian AJ. Metabolomic distinction and insights into the pathogenesis of human primary dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:527-38. [PMID: 21155767 PMCID: PMC3071865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics, the comprehensive profile of small-molecule metabolites found in biological specimens, has the potential to provide insights into the pathogenesis of disease states and lead to the identification of new biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 451 plasma metabolites by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy in 39 patients with primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 31 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched controls. Sixty-one metabolites were significantly different between primary DCM and control individuals [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0·05]. Plasma levels of steroid metabolites, glutamine, threonine and histidine were reduced while levels of citric acid cycle intermediates and lipid β-oxidation products were increased in patients with primary DCM when compared to controls. Medications, particularly furosemide and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme-1 inhibitors, had significant effects on the plasma metabolites. Reduced levels of glutamine in conjunction with increased 3-methyhistidine and prolylhydroxyproline levels suggested enhanced myofibrillar and collagen degradation in DCM patients. Likewise, increased stachydrine and reduced indole-3-propionate implicated a role for intestinal-derived antioxidant molecules. Changes in steroid metabolites were notable for the loss of metabolic distinction between men and women in patients with primary DCM. Cortisol and cortisone levels were increased while androgen metabolites were decreased significantly, implying metabolic 'feminization' of men with primary DCM. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic profiling identifies biologically active metabolites that could serve as markers of primary DCM and impart protective or harmful effects on cardiac structure and function.
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150
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Metabolic profiling using HPLC allows classification of drugs according to their mechanisms of action in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:183-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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