101
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Role of the Mediator Complex and MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Etiology. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020234. [PMID: 35205279 PMCID: PMC8871970 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivators play a key role in RNA polymerase II transcription and gene regulation. One of the most important transcriptional coactivators is the Mediator (MED) complex, which is an evolutionary conserved large multiprotein complex. MED transduces the signal between DNA-bound transcriptional activators (gene-specific transcription factors) to the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery to activate transcription. It is known that MED plays an essential role in ER-mediated gene expression mainly through the MED1 subunit, since estrogen receptor (ER) can interact with MED1 by specific protein–protein interactions; therefore, MED1 plays a fundamental role in ER-positive breast cancer (BC) etiology. Additionally, other MED subunits also play a role in BC etiology. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs, which can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding in a sequence-specific fashion at the 3′ UTR of the messenger RNA. The miRNAs are also important factors that influence oncogenic signaling in BC by acting as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Moreover, miRNAs are involved in endocrine therapy resistance of BC, specifically to tamoxifen, a drug that is used to target ER signaling. In metazoans, very little is known about the transcriptional regulation of miRNA by the MED complex and less about the transcriptional regulation of miRNAs involved in BC initiation and progression. Recently, it has been shown that MED1 is able to regulate the transcription of the ER-dependent miR-191/425 cluster promoting BC cell proliferation and migration. In this review, we will discuss the role of MED1 transcriptional coactivator in the etiology of BC and in endocrine therapy-resistance of BC and also the contribution of other MED subunits to BC development, progression and metastasis. Lastly, we identified miRNAs that potentially can regulate the expression of MED subunits.
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Manikkath J, Jishnu PV, Wich PR, Manikkath A, Radhakrishnan R. Nanoparticulate strategies for the delivery of miRNA mimics and inhibitors in anticancer therapy and its potential utility in oral submucous fibrosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:181-195. [PMID: 35014880 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring noncoding RNAs with multiple functionalities. They are dysregulated in several conditions and can serve as disease biomarkers, therapeutic targets and therapeutic agents. Translation of miRNA therapeutics to the clinic poses several challenges related to the safe and effective delivery of these agents to the site of action. Nanoparticulate carriers hold promise in this area by enhancing targeting efficiency and reducing off-target effects. This paper reviews recent advances in the delivery strategies of miRNAs in anticancer therapy, with a focus on lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic platforms, cell membrane-derived vesicles and bacterial minicells. Additionally, this review explores the potentiality of miRNAs in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis, a potentially premalignant condition of the oral cavity with no definitive treatment to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothsna Manikkath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Peter R Wich
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Aparna Manikkath
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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103
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Akbar A, Malekian F, Baghban N, Kodam SP, Ullah M. Methodologies to Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:186. [PMID: 35053301 PMCID: PMC8774122 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of extracellular vesicles (EV) in nano drug delivery has been demonstrated in many previous studies. In this study, we discuss the sources of extracellular vesicles, including plant, salivary and urinary sources which are easily available but less sought after compared with blood and tissue. Extensive research in the past decade has established that the breadth of EV applications is wide. However, the efforts on standardizing the isolation and purification methods have not brought us to a point that can match the potential of extracellular vesicles for clinical use. The standardization can open doors for many researchers and clinicians alike to experiment with the proposed clinical uses with lesser concerns regarding untraceable side effects. It can make it easier to identify the mechanism of therapeutic benefits and to track the mechanism of any unforeseen effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akbar
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Farzaneh Malekian
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Neda Baghban
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sai Priyanka Kodam
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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104
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Co-Expression Analysis of microRNAs and Proteins in Brain of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010163. [PMID: 35011725 PMCID: PMC8750061 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia globally; however, the aetiology of AD remains elusive hindering the development of effective therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression and have been of growing interest in recent studies in many pathologies including AD not only for their use as biomarkers but also for their implications in the therapeutic field. In this study, miRNA and protein profiles were obtained from brain tissues of different stage (Braak III-IV and Braak V-VI) of AD patients and compared to matched controls. The aim of the study was to identify in the late stage of AD, the key dysregulated pathways that may contribute to pathogenesis and then to evaluate whether any of these pathways could be detected in the early phase of AD, opening new opportunity for early treatment that could stop or delay the pathology. Six common pathways were found regulated by miRNAs and proteins in the late stage of AD, with one of them (Rap1 signalling) activated since the early phase. MiRNAs and proteins were also compared to explore an inverse trend of expression which could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets. These results suggest that specific miRNA changes could represent molecular fingerprint of neurodegenerative processes and potential therapeutic targets for early intervention.
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105
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Wang Y, Feng F, He W, Sun L, He Q, Jin J. miR-188-3p abolishes germacrone-mediated podocyte protection in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy in type I diabetes through triggering mitochondrial injury. Bioengineered 2022; 13:774-788. [PMID: 34847832 PMCID: PMC8805940 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury-triggered podocyte apoptosis is a major risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the detailed relationship between mitochondrial homeostasis and podocyte apoptosis remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role and functional mechanism of germacrone in DN in type I diabetes (type I DN). A mouse model of type I DN was established by injecting streptozocin, and a podocyte injury model was constructed using high glucose (HG) induction. Histopathology was detected by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the mitochondrial function. Germacrone simultaneously reduced blood glucose, 24 h proteinuria, and other nephrotic symptoms in a type 1 DN mouse model. Moreover, germacrone protected against mitochondrial damage, limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and restored glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and GPX4 protein expression, subsequently preventing podocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, the increased miR-188-3p expression in type I DN mice was reversed in germacrone-challenged DN mice. HG induced miR-188-3p expression and the miR-188-3p antagonist abolished the HG-mediated increase in ROS. Notably, miR-188-3p was found to have a therapeutic effect against DN by aggravating mitochondrial damage and podocyte apoptosis. Germacrone alleviates DN progression in type I diabetes by limiting podocyte apoptosis, which was partly counteracted by miR-188-3p upregulation. The combination of germacrone and miR-188-3p antagonists is expected to be an effective therapeutic strategy for DN.Abbreviations DN: diabetic nephropathy; Type I DN: DN in Type I diabetes; STZ: streptozocin; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NcRNAs: non-coding RNAs; UTR: untranslated regions; NC: negative control; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; BUA: blood uric acid; Ucr: urine creatinine; Scr: serum creatinine; PAS: Periodic Acid-Schiff; IF: Immunofluorescence; FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; TUG1: taurine upregulated gene 1; GPX: Glutathione Peroxidase; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenfang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P.R China
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P.R China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P.R China
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106
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Jiang Y, Jiang Z, Wang M, Ma L. Current understandings and clinical translation of nanomedicines for breast cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114034. [PMID: 34736986 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers that is threatening women's life. Current clinical treatment regimens for breast cancer often involve neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapies, which somewhat are associated with unfavorable features. Also, the heterogeneous nature of breast cancers requires precision medicine that cannot be fulfilled by a single type of systemically administered drug. Taking advantage of the nanocarriers, nanomedicines emerge as promising therapeutic agents for breast cancer that could resolve the defects of drugs and achieve precise drug delivery to almost all sites of primary and metastatic breast tumors (e.g. tumor vasculature, tumor stroma components, breast cancer cells, and some immune cells). Seven nanomedicines as represented by Doxil® have been approved for breast cancer clinical treatment so far. More nanomedicines including both non-targeting and active targeting nanomedicines are being evaluated in the clinical trials. However, we have to realize that the translation of nanomedicines, particularly the active targeting nanomedicines is not as successful as people have expected. This review provides a comprehensive landscape of the nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment, from laboratory investigations to clinical applications. We also highlight the key advances in the understanding of the biological fate and the targeting strategies of breast cancer nanomedicine and the implications to clinical translation.
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107
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Liu P, Li Y, Wang R, Ren F, Wang X. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Nanotherapeutic Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010085. [PMID: 35052764 PMCID: PMC8773244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the accumulation of reactive species, is associated with the initiation and progress of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The investigation of antioxidants to target overexpressed reactive species and modulate oxidant stress pathways becomes an important therapeutic option. Nowadays, antioxidative nanotechnology has emerged as a novel strategy. The nanocarriers have shown many advantages in comparison with conventional antioxidants, owing to their on-site accumulation, stability of antioxidants, and most importantly, intrinsic multiple reactive species scavenging or catalyzing properties. This review concludes an up-to-date summary of IBD nanomedicines according to the classification of the delivered antioxidants. Moreover, the concerns and future perspectives in this study field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.L.); (Y.L.); (R.W.); (F.R.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.L.); (Y.L.); (R.W.); (F.R.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.L.); (Y.L.); (R.W.); (F.R.)
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.L.); (Y.L.); (R.W.); (F.R.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.L.); (Y.L.); (R.W.); (F.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62738589
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108
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Bautista-Becerril B, Pérez-Dimas G, Sommerhalder-Nava PC, Hanono A, Martínez-Cisneros JA, Zarate-Maldonado B, Muñoz-Soria E, Aquino-Gálvez A, Castillejos-López M, Juárez-Cisneros A, Lopez-Gonzalez JS, Camarena A. miRNAs, from Evolutionary Junk to Possible Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in COVID-19. Viruses 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 35062245 PMCID: PMC8781105 DOI: 10.3390/v14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a public health issue around the world in the last few years. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment to fight the disease. Thus, it is essential to highlight possible prognostic predictors that could identify patients with a high risk of developing complications. Within this framework, miRNA biomolecules play a vital role in the genetic regulation of various genes, principally, those related to the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we review the interaction of host and viral microRNAs with molecular and cellular elements that could potentiate the main pulmonary, cardiac, renal, circulatory, and neuronal complications in COVID-19 patients. miR-26a, miR-29b, miR-21, miR-372, and miR-2392, among others, have been associated with exacerbation of the inflammatory process, increasing the risk of a cytokine storm. In addition, increased expression of miR-15b, -199a, and -491 are related to the prognosis of the disease, and miR-192 and miR-323a were identified as clinical predictors of mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Finally, we address miR-29, miR-122, miR-155, and miR-200, among others, as possible therapeutic targets. However, more studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bautista-Becerril
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.B.-B.); (A.J.-C.)
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Departamento de Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.P.-D.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Dimas
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Departamento de Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.P.-D.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Paola C. Sommerhalder-Nava
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (P.C.S.-N.); (A.H.); (B.Z.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Hanono
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (P.C.S.-N.); (A.H.); (B.Z.-M.)
| | | | - Bárbara Zarate-Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (P.C.S.-N.); (A.H.); (B.Z.-M.)
| | - Evangelina Muñoz-Soria
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Departamento de Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.P.-D.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Departamento de Epidemiología Hospitalaria e Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armida Juárez-Cisneros
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.B.-B.); (A.J.-C.)
| | - Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Cáncer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.B.-B.); (A.J.-C.)
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109
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Peinado MÁ, Ovelleiro D, del Moral ML, Hernández R, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E, Pedrajas JR, García-Martín ML, Caro C, Peralta S, Morales ME, Ruiz MA, Blanco S. Biological Implications of a Stroke Therapy Based in Neuroglobin Hyaluronate Nanoparticles. Neuroprotective Role and Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:247. [PMID: 35008673 PMCID: PMC8745106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous neuroprotective protein neuroglobin (Ngb) cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. To overcome this difficulty, we synthesized hyaluronate nanoparticles (NPs), able to deliver Ngb into the brain in an animal model of stroke (MCAO). These NPs effectively reached neurons, and were microscopically identified after 24 h of reperfusion. Compared to MCAO non-treated animals, those treated with Ngb-NPs showed survival rates up to 50% higher, and better neurological scores. Tissue damage improved with the treatment, but no changes in the infarct volume or in the oxidative/nitrosative values were detected. A proteomics approach (p-value < 0.02; fold change = 0.05) in the infarcted areas showed a total of 219 proteins that significantly changed their expression after stroke and treatment with Ngb-NPs. Of special interest, are proteins such as FBXO7 and NTRK2, which were downexpressed in stroke, but overexpressed after treatment with Ngb-NPs; and ATX2L, which was overexpressed only under the effect of Ngb. Interestingly, the proteins affected by the treatment with Ngb were involved in mitochondrial function and cell death, endocytosis, protein metabolism, cytoskeletal remodeling, or synaptic function, and in regenerative processes, such as dendritogenesis, neuritogenesis, or sinaptogenesis. Consequently, our pharmaceutical preparation may open new therapeutic scopes for stroke and possibly for other neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Peinado
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - David Ovelleiro
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - María Luisa del Moral
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Raquel Hernández
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Esther Martínez-Lara
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Eva Siles
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - José Rafael Pedrajas
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - María Luisa García-Martín
- BIONAND-Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.L.G.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlos Caro
- BIONAND-Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.L.G.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Sebastián Peralta
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus de Cartuja s/n, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - María Encarnación Morales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus de Cartuja s/n, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - María Adolfina Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus de Cartuja s/n, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Santos Blanco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
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110
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Yu Y, Liu X, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Qiao Y, Zhou Y, Qiao H, Zhong J, Dai J, Suo G. The Extracellular Matrix Enriched With Exosomes for the Treatment on Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747223. [PMID: 34938180 PMCID: PMC8685953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe respiratory disease caused by lung microenvironment changes. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the fibrotic process. MicroRNA-29 (miR-29) has proved to alleviate the occurrence of PF by downregulating TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. The miRNA application encounters obstacles due to its low stability in body and no targeting to lesions. Exosomes can be used for therapeutic delivery of miRNA due to their favorable delivery properties. However, low efficiency of separation and production impedes the therapeutic application of exosomes. In this study, we developed a liquid natural extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched with miR-29-loaded exosomes for PF treatment. The collagen-binding domain (CBD)-fused Lamp2b (CBD-Lamp2b) and miR-29 were overexpressed in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) host cells for the entrapment of miR-29-loaded exosomes in ECM of the cells. The repeated freeze-thaw method was performed to prepare the liquid ECM enriched with exosomes without destroying the exosomal membrane. In summary, this study developed a novel functional ECM biomaterial for therapy of PF, and also provided a promising gene therapy platform for different diseases by treatment with liquid ECM that is, enriched with exosomes loaded with different functional miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Yu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingzhi Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongjuan Xu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanshuai Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular, Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangli Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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111
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Liu B, Zheng W, Dai L, Fu S, Shi E. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomal miR-455-5p protects against spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101678. [PMID: 34823099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, much more studies have focused on the therapeutic effect of exosome-delivered microRNAs on diseases. Previous study has shown that miR-455-5p is downregulated in ischemic stroke, but little is known about the role of exosome-delivered miR-455-5p in spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (SCIR) injury. Herein, we isolated exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with lentivirus vectors containing miR-455-5p. SCIR rat model was established after the intrathecal injection of exosomes containing miR-455-5p. The expression level of miR-455-5p was downregulated after SCIR, administration of exosomal miR-455-5p enhanced the level of miR-455-5p in the injured spinal cord. Hind-limb motor function scores indicated that exosomal miR-455-5p improved the recovery of hind-limb function of SCIR rats. HE staining and Nissl staining showed that miR-455-5p enriched exosomes reduced histopathological abnormalities after SCIR. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that exosomes containing miR-455-5p reduced apoptosis of neurons, and activated autophagy in neurons after SCIR. We observed that the expression of Nogo-A, a direct target of miR-455-5p, was decreased in the spinal cord of exosomal miR-455-5p administrated SCIR rats. Targeting relationship between miR-455-5p and Nogo-A was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In summary, exosomes containing miR-455-5p had the neuroprotective effects on SCIR injury by promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Yu H, Li Y, Zhang R, Shen M, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Liu H, Han D, Shi X, Zhang J. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis post-acute myocardial infarction through the efficient delivery of microRNA-24 by silica nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6379-6385. [PMID: 36133483 PMCID: PMC9419883 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-24 (miR-24) is an apoptosis suppressor miRNA downregulated in cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, due to the lack of effective delivery strategies, the role of anti-apoptotic miR-24 in cardiomyocytes post-acute myocardial infarction remains unexplored. Here, we used a silica nanoparticle-based polyelectrolyte (polyethylenimine, PEI) delivery system to study the role of miR-24. These particles with good biocompatibility could be efficiently internalized into cells and release the loaded miR-24 into the cytoplasm. As a result, the overexpression of miR-24 resulted in the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic Bim, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that over-expressed miR-24 additionally significantly improves ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after coronary artery ligation. In summary, our novel delivery system serves as a therapeutic miRNA formulation for cardiovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China Beijing 100078 P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Mengchen Shen
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China Beijing 100078 P. R. China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China Beijing 100078 P. R. China
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113
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miRNA Delivery by Nanosystems: State of the Art and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111901. [PMID: 34834316 PMCID: PMC8619868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~21-23 nucleotides), non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level via the endogenous RNA interference machinery of the cell. They have emerged as potential biopharmaceuticals candidates for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, in order to advance miRNAs therapeutics into clinical settings, their delivery remains a major challenge. Different types of vectors have been investigated to allow the delivery of miRNA in the diseased tissue. In particular, non-viral delivery systems have shown important advantages such as versatility, low cost, easy fabrication and low immunogenicity. Here, we present a general overview of the main types of non-viral vectors developed for miRNA delivery, with their advantages, limitations and future perspectives.
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Gan M, Zhou Q, Ge J, Zhao J, Wang Y, Yan Q, Wu C, Yu H, Xiao Q, Wang W, Yang H, Zou J. Precise in-situ release of microRNA from an injectable hydrogel induces bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:289-303. [PMID: 34474179 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Critical bone defects are a common yet challenging orthopedic problem. Tissue engineering is an emerging and promising strategy for bone regeneration in large-scale bone defects. The precise on-demand release of osteogenic factors is critical for controlling the osteogenic differentiation of seed cells with the support of appropriate three dimensional scaffolds. However, most of the effective osteogenic factors are biomacromolecules with release behaviors that are difficult to control. Here, the cholesterol-modified non-coding microRNA Chol-miR-26a was used to promote the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Chol-miR-26a was conjugated to an injectable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel through an ultraviolet (UV)-cleavable ester bond. The injectable PEG hydrogel was formed by a copper-free click reaction between the terminal azide groups of 8-armed PEG and dibenzocyclooctyne-biofunctionalized PEG, into which UV-cleavable Chol-miR-26a was simultaneously conjugated via a Michael addition reaction. Upon UV irradiation, Gel-c-miR-26a (MLCaged) released Chol-c-miR-26a selectively and exhibited significantly improved efficacy in bone regeneration compared to the hydrogel without UV irradiation and UV-uncleavable MLControl. MLCaged significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and promoted calcium nodule deposition in vitro and repaired critical skull defects in a rat animal model, demonstrating that injectable implantation with the precise release of osteogenic factors has the potential to repair large-scale bone defects in clinical practice. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Provide a novel and practical strategy via hydrogel for efficient delivery and precisely controlled release of miRNAs into bone defect sites. The hydrogel is formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is crosslinked by 'click' reaction. Cholesterol-modified miR-26a loading on the hydrogel is covalently patterned onto the fibers of hydrogel through a UV light-cleavable linker, which prevents undesired release of miRNA. This hydrogel could realize the controlled release of miRNA under light regulation both in vitro and in vivo, thus realize bone regeneration.
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115
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Xu X, Xu X, Zheng Y, Xu L. Downregulation of microRNA-96-5p protects TM3 cells against zearalenone toxicity via targeting ATG9A. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1209. [PMID: 34584554 PMCID: PMC8422390 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility factor accounts for ~50% of all infertility cases, and traditional treatments for male infertility are limited. The association between the dysfunction of Leydig cells and hypospermatogenesis is essential for developing novel treatment methods for male infertility. It was previously stated that elevated expression of microRNA (miR)-96-5p was associated with the toxicological response of Leydig cells to treatment with zearalenone (ZEN). However, the exact role of miR-96-5p in Leydig cells remains to be illustrated. The mouse Leydig cell line TM3 was used in the present study to investigate the role of miR-96-5p. ZEN was used to induce cell injury in TM3 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the Ki67 staining method were used to evaluate cell viability. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression levels of miR-96-5p. In addition, a dual luciferase assay was used to investigate the target of miR-96-5p. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of certain proteins. Finally, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and LC3 staining were applied for monitoring the level of autophagy. ZEN inhibited the proliferation of TM3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the level of miR-96-5p were significantly increased in ZEN-treated TM3 cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of miR-96-5p could reverse ZEN-induced decrease in viability in TM3 cells. Moreover, ZEN notably inhibited autophagy in TM3 cells and this phenomenon was reversed by the application of the miR-96-5p inhibitor. Autophagy related 9A (ATG9A) was identified as the biological target of miR-96-5p. The results derived from MDC and LC3 staining demonstrated that downregulation of miR-96-5p expression levels protected TM3 cells against ZEN toxicity by regulating autophagy. Inhibition of miR-96-5p expression protected TM3 cells against ZEN via targeting ATG9A. Therefore, miR-96-5p may serve as a potential biomarker for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000, P.R. China
| | - Yanluan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
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116
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Yang M, Weng T, Zhang W, Zhang M, He X, Han C, Wang X. The Roles of Non-coding RNA in the Development and Regeneration of Hair Follicles: Current Status and Further Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720879. [PMID: 34708037 PMCID: PMC8542792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a common problem that affects almost every age group and is considered to be an issue for cosmetic or psychiatric reasons. The loss of hair follicles (HFs) and hair caused by alopecia impairs self-esteem, thermoregulation, tactile sensation and protection from ultraviolet light. One strategy to solve this problem is HF regeneration. Many signalling pathways and molecules participate in the morphology and regeneration of HF, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein and Notch. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long ncRNAs, have significant modulatory roles in HF development and regeneration via regulation of these signalling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the status and future prospects of ncRNAs in HF regeneration and could prompt novel ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manjia Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of General Practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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117
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Muqier M, Xiao H, Yu X, Li Y, Bao M, Bao Q, Han S, Baigude H. Synthesis of PEGylated cationic curdlan derivatives with enhanced biocompatibility. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:465-480. [PMID: 34641765 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1992589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polysaccharides have shown excellent ability of nucleic acids delivery. However, cationic curdlan derivatives with high degree of amination cause damage to the cell membrane and induce considerable cytotoxicity, limiting their in vivo application. Herein, we synthesized PEGylated 6-amino-6-deoxy-curdlan derivatives containing cleavable disulfide bonds. The resulting polymers (denote 6AC-2S PEGx) not only showed high affinity to siRNA but also exhibited significantly decreased cytotoxicity and hemolysis effect, while showing remarkable in vitro transfection efficiency. In vivo study demonstrated that 6AC-2S PEG40, which had a lower LD50 value than that of 6AC-100, did not cause liver damage, as the i.v. injection of 6AC-2S PEG40 to mouse did not increase serum level of ALT/AST. Furthermore, tissue distribution results showed that 6AC-2S PEG40 successfully delivered siRNA to liver, lung and spleen. Collectively, our data confirmed that PEGylation can increase the biocompatibility of cationic curdlan derivatives, which is a promising carrier for nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqier Muqier
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
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118
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Nasrolahi Shirazi A, Sajid MI, Mandal D, Stickley D, Nagasawa S, Long J, Lohan S, Parang K, Tiwari RK. Cyclic Peptide-Gadolinium Nanocomplexes as siRNA Delivery Tools. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111064. [PMID: 34832846 PMCID: PMC8617768 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that a cyclic peptide containing five tryptophan, five arginine, and one cysteine amino acids [(WR)5C], was able to produce peptide-capped gadolinium nanoparticles, [(WR)5C]-GdNPs, in the range of 240 to 260 nm upon mixing with an aqueous solution of GdCl3. Herein, we report [(WR)5C]-GdNPs as an efficient siRNA delivery system. The peptide-based gadolinium nanoparticles (50 µM) did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity (~93% cell viability at 50 µM) in human leukemia T lymphoblast cells (CCRF-CEM) and triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) after 48 h. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis indicated that the cellular uptakes of Alexa-488-labeled siRNA were found to be enhanced by more than 10 folds in the presence of [(WR)5C]-GdNPs compared with siRNA alone in CCRF-CEM and MDA-MB-231 cells after 6 h of incubation at 37 °C. The gene silencing efficacy of the nanoparticles was determined via the western blot technique using an over-expressed gene, STAT-3 protein, in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed ~62% reduction of STAT-3 was observed in MDA-MB-231 with [(WR)5C]-GdNPs at N/P 40. The integrity of the cellular membrane of CCRF-CEM cells was found to be intact when incubated with [(WR)5C]-Gd nanoparticles (50 µM) for 2 h. Confocal microscopy reveals higher internalization of siRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells using [(WR)5C]-GdNPs at N/P 40. These results provided insight about the use of the [(WR)5C]-GdNPs complex as a potent intracellular siRNA transporter that could be a nontoxic choice to be used as a transfection agent for nucleic-acid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; (D.S.); (S.N.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.S.); (R.K.T.); Tel.: +1-(714)-449-7497 (A.N.S.); +1-(714)-516-5483 (R.K.T.); Fax: +1-(714)-872-5706 (A.N.S.); +1-(714)-516-5481 (R.K.T.)
| | - Muhammad Imran Sajid
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (K.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Dindyal Mandal
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (K.P.)
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - David Stickley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; (D.S.); (S.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Stephanie Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; (D.S.); (S.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Joshua Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; (D.S.); (S.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Sandeep Lohan
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.S.); (R.K.T.); Tel.: +1-(714)-449-7497 (A.N.S.); +1-(714)-516-5483 (R.K.T.); Fax: +1-(714)-872-5706 (A.N.S.); +1-(714)-516-5481 (R.K.T.)
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119
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Jia M, He J, Bai W, Lin Q, Deng J, Li W, Bai J, Fu D, Ma Y, Ren J, Xiong S. Cross-kingdom regulation by dietary plant miRNAs: an evidence-based review with recent updates. Food Funct 2021; 12:9549-9562. [PMID: 34664582 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely known for their critical role in gene regulation. Recent studies have shown that plant miRNAs obtained through dietary oral administration can survive in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, enter the circulatory system and regulate endogenous mRNAs. Diet-derived plant miRNAs have 2'-O-methylated modified 3'ends and high cytosine and guanine (GC) content, as well as exosomal packaging, which gives them high stability even in the harsh environment of the digestive system and circulatory system. The latest evidence shows that dietary plant miRNAs can not only be absorbed in the intestine, but also be absorbed and packaged by gastric epithelial cells and then secreted into the circulatory system. Alternatively, these biologically active plant-derived miRNAs may also affect the health of the host by affecting the function of the microbiome, while not need to be taken into the host's circulatory system and transferred to remote tissues. This cross-kingdom regulation of miRNAs gives us hope for exploring their therapeutic potential and as dietary supplements. However, doubts have also been raised about the cross-border regulation of miRNAs, suggesting that technical flaws in the experiments may have led to this hypothesis. In this article, we summarize the visibility of dietary plant miRNAs in the development of human health and recent research data on their use in therapeutics. The regulation of plant miRNAs across kingdoms is a novel concept. Continued efforts in this area will broaden our understanding of the biological role of plant miRNAs and will open the way for the development of new approaches to prevent or treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingXi Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China. .,College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - JinTao He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - WeiDong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - QinLu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Da Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China. .,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - YuShui Ma
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - JiaLi Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - ShouYao Xiong
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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Liu Y, Liang L, Ji L, Zhang F, Chen D, Duan S, Shen H, Liang Y, Chen Y. Potentiated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell growth, migration and invasion by lncRNA DARS-AS1 via miR-188-5p/ KLF12 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23376-23392. [PMID: 34644678 PMCID: PMC8544313 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to the nonspecific early symptoms, the majority of the diagnosed LUAD patients are in the middle and late stages, with multiple metastases, and have missed the optimal period for treatment. Current studies have reported lncRNA DARS-AS1 as a cancer-promoting gene that expedites tumorigenesis. This is the first study demonstrating that DARS-AS1 is involved in the mediating process of LUAD. Cell functional experiments revealed that lncRNA DARS-AS1 participated in enhancing LUAD proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting miR-188-5p. The investigation on DARS-AS1/miR-188-5p led to the discovery of KLF12 as a downstream target of miR-188-5p, and the regulatory pathway was established as DARS-AS1/miR-188-5p/KLF12. According to western blot results, DARS-AS1 promoted LUAD cell growth, migration, and invasion via stimulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, activating the EMT process, and up-regulating the CyclinD1 and Bcl-2 proteins. This was the first report on the DARS-AS1/miR-188-5p/KLF12 axis and offered a novel strategy for early diagnosis, a new therapeutic method, and an improved prognosis for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Donglai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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121
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Xeno-Nucleic Acid (XNA) 2'-Fluoro-Arabino Nucleic Acid (FANA) Aptamers to the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Block ACE2 Binding. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101983. [PMID: 34696413 PMCID: PMC8539646 DOI: 10.3390/v13101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, gains access to cells through interactions of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) on the viral S protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the surface of human host cells. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to generate aptamers (nucleic acids selected for high binding affinity to a target) to the RBD made from 2ʹ-fluoro-arabinonucleic acid (FANA). The best selected ~79 nucleotide aptamers bound the RBD (Arg319-Phe541) and the larger S1 domain (Val16-Arg685) of the 1272 amino acid S protein with equilibrium dissociation constants (KD,app) of ~10–20 nM, and binding half-life for the RBD, S1 domain, and full trimeric S protein of 53 ± 18, 76 ± 5, and 127 ± 7 min, respectively. Aptamers inhibited the binding of the RBD to ACE2 in an ELISA assay. Inhibition, on a per weight basis, was similar to neutralizing antibodies that were specific for RBD. Aptamers demonstrated high specificity, binding with about 10-fold lower affinity to the related S1 domain from the original SARS virus, which also binds to ACE2. Overall, FANA aptamers show affinities comparable to previous DNA aptamers to RBD and S1 protein and directly block receptor interactions while using an alternative Xeno-nucleic acid (XNA) platform.
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122
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Hu J, Stojanović J, Yasamineh S, Yasamineh P, Karuppannan SK, Hussain Dowlath MJ, Serati-Nouri H. The potential use of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2649-2672. [PMID: 34278528 PMCID: PMC8286877 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, there is no effective therapeutic approach for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized to target the viral genome directly or indirectly, thereby inhibiting viral replication. Several studies have demonstrated that host miRNAs target different sites in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and constrain the production of essential viral proteins. Furthermore, miRNAs have lower toxicity, are more immunogenic, and are more diverse than protein-based and even plasmid-DNA-based therapeutic agents. In this review, we emphasize the role of miRNAs in viral infection and their potential use as therapeutic agents against COVID-19 disease. The potential of novel miRNA delivery strategies, especially EDV™ nanocells, for targeting lung tissue for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulue Hu
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, Henan, China
| | - Jelena Stojanović
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science in Belgrade, ALFA BK University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamed Serati-Nouri
- Stem cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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123
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MicroRNA-375: potential cancer suppressor and therapeutic drug. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229736. [PMID: 34494089 PMCID: PMC8458691 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-375 is a conserved noncoding RNA that is known to be involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Previous studies have shown that miR-375 affects the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human tumor cells via some key transcription factors, such as Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), Specificity protein 1 (SP1) and signaling pathways (Wnt signaling pathway, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway) and is vital for the development of cancer. Additionally, recent studies have identified microRNA (miRNA) delivery system carriers for improved in vivo transportation of miR-375 to specific sites. Here, we discussed the role of miR-375 in different types of cancers, as well as molecular mechanisms, and analyzed the potential of miR-375 as a molecular biomarker and therapeutic target to improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis of cancer.
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Hu J, Cao J, Topatana W, Juengpanich S, Li S, Zhang B, Shen J, Cai L, Cai X, Chen M. Targeting mutant p53 for cancer therapy: direct and indirect strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 34583722 PMCID: PMC8480024 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a critical tumor-suppressor gene that is mutated in more than half of all human cancers. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its antitumor activity, but also confer mutant p53 protein oncogenic properties. The p53-targeted therapy approach began with the identification of compounds capable of restoring/reactivating wild-type p53 functions or eliminating mutant p53. Treatments that directly target mutant p53 are extremely structure and drug-species-dependent. Due to the mutation of wild-type p53, multiple survival pathways that are normally maintained by wild-type p53 are disrupted, necessitating the activation of compensatory genes or pathways to promote cancer cell survival. Additionally, because the oncogenic functions of mutant p53 contribute to cancer proliferation and metastasis, targeting the signaling pathways altered by p53 mutation appears to be an attractive strategy. Synthetic lethality implies that while disruption of either gene alone is permissible among two genes with synthetic lethal interactions, complete disruption of both genes results in cell death. Thus, rather than directly targeting p53, exploiting mutant p53 synthetic lethal genes may provide additional therapeutic benefits. Additionally, research progress on the functions of noncoding RNAs has made it clear that disrupting noncoding RNA networks has a favorable antitumor effect, supporting the hypothesis that targeting noncoding RNAs may have potential synthetic lethal effects in cancers with p53 mutations. The purpose of this review is to discuss treatments for cancers with mutant p53 that focus on directly targeting mutant p53, restoring wild-type functions, and exploiting synthetic lethal interactions with mutant p53. Additionally, the possibility of noncoding RNAs acting as synthetic lethal targets for mutant p53 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Win Topatana
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Shijie Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiliang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Liuxin Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Cognitive Healthcare of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Cognitive Healthcare of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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125
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Torki Z, Ghavi D, Hashemi S, Rahmati Y, Rahmanpour D, Pornour M, Alivand MR. The related miRNAs involved in doxorubicin resistance or sensitivity of various cancers: an update. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:771-793. [PMID: 34510251 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy agent against a wide variety of tumors. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance diminishes the sensitivity of cancer cells to DOX, which leads to a cancer relapse and treatment failure. Resolutions to this challenge includes identification of the molecular pathways underlying DOX sensitivity/resistance and the development of innovative techniques to boost DOX sensitivity. DOX is classified as a Topoisomerase II poison, which is cytotoxic to rapidly dividing tumor cells. Molecular mechanisms responsible for DOX resistance include effective DNA repair and resumption of cell proliferation, deregulated development of cancer stem cell and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and modulation of programmed cell death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to potentiate the reversal of DOX resistance as they have gene-specific regulatory functions in DOX-responsive molecular pathways. Identifying the dysregulation patterns of miRNAs for specific tumors following treatment with DOX facilitates the development of novel combination therapies, such as nanoparticles harboring miRNA or miRNA inhibitors to eventually prevent DOX-induced chemoresistance. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the role of miRNAs underlying DOX sensitivity/resistance molecular pathways. Also, we provide latest strategies for utilizing deregulated miRNA patterns as biomarkers or miRNAs as tools to overcome chemoresistance and enhance patient's response to DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Torki
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Ghavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Hashemi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yazdan Rahmati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dara Rahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Rascio F, Spadaccino F, Rocchetti MT, Castellano G, Stallone G, Netti GS, Ranieri E. The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3949. [PMID: 34439105 PMCID: PMC8394096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most frequently over-activated intracellular pathways in several human cancers. This pathway, acting on different downstream target proteins, contributes to the carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumour cells. A multi-level impairment, involving mutation and genetic alteration, aberrant regulation of miRNAs sequences, and abnormal phosphorylation of cascade factors, has been found in multiple cancer types. The deregulation of this pathway counteracts common therapeutic strategies and contributes to multidrug resistance. In this review, we underline the involvement of this pathway in patho-physiological cell survival mechanisms, emphasizing its key role in the development of drug resistance. We also provide an overview of the potential inhibition strategies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rascio
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
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127
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Augenlicht A, Saiselet M, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Andry G, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C. MiR-7-5p inhibits thyroid cell proliferation by targeting the EGFR/MAPK and IRS2/PI3K signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1587-1599. [PMID: 34381564 PMCID: PMC8351599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of miRNAs is often correlated to tumor development. MiR-7-5p is a recently discovered downregulated miRNA in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC). The goal of this project was to characterize its functional role in thyroid tumorigenesis and to identify the targeted modulated pathways. MiR-7-5p overexpression following transfection in TPC1 and HT-ori3 cells decreased proliferation of the two thyroid cell lines. Analysis of global transcriptome modifications showed that miR-7-5p inhibits thyroid cell proliferation by modulating the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways which are both necessary for normal thyroid proliferation and play central roles in PTC tumorigenesis. Several effectors of these pathways are indeed targets of miR-7-5p, among which EGFR and IRS2, two upstream activators. We confirmed the upregulation of IRS2 and EGFR in human PTC and showed the existence of a negative correlation between the decreased expression of miR-7-5p and the increased expression of IRS2 or EGFR. Our results thus support a tumor-suppressor activity of miR-7-5p. The decreased expression of miR-7-5p during PTC tumorigenesis might give the cells a proliferative advantage and delivery of miR-7-5p may represent an innovative approach for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Augenlicht
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuel Saiselet
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université Lyon 1, Pierre Benite Cedex 69495, France
| | - Guy Andry
- Surgery Department, J. Bordet Institute, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Jacques E Dumont
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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128
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Du W, Wang L, Liao Z, Wang J. Circ_0085289 Alleviates the Progression of Periodontitis by Regulating let-7f-5p/SOCS6 Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 44:1607-1619. [PMID: 33710445 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammation that often occurs in adults. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in inflammation-related diseases. However, the role and potential basis of hsa_circ_0085289 in periodontitis remain unknown. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic periodontitis. The levels of circ_0085289, let-7f-5p, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) were determined using qRT-PCR and western blot. The release of inflammatory cytokines was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, Caspase-3 Assay Kit, and western blot assays. The association between let-7f-5p and circ_0085289/SOCS6 was validated via dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and RIP assays. Circ_0085289 and SOCS6 levels were reduced, and let-7f-5p level was increased in periodontitis patients and LPS-treated PDLCs. LPS stimulation caused PDLC injury and circ_0085289 downregulation. Moreover, circ_0085289 upregulation or let-7f-5p downregulation diminished LPS-triggered PDLC injury. Besides, circ_0085289 promoted SOCS6 expression by absorbing let-7f-5p. Circ_0085289 alleviated LPS-stimulated PDLC injury via targeting let-7f-5p. Moreover, let-7f-5p targeted SOCS6 to affect LPS-resulted PDLC injury. Circ_0085289 alleviated PDLC injury induced by LPS stimulation via modulating let-7f-5p/SOCS6 axis, suggesting a promising biomarker for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Du
- Department of Stomatology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400700, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Zhen Liao
- Department of Stomatology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400700, China
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129
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Li Q, Hu Z, Rong X, Chang B, Liu X. Multifunctional polyplex micelles for efficient microRNA delivery and accelerated osteogenesis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12198-12211. [PMID: 34231613 PMCID: PMC10041663 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02638k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as a novel class of molecular targets and therapeutics to control gene expression for tissue repair and regeneration. However, a safe and effective transfection of miRNAs to cells has been a major barrier to their applications. In this work, a multifunctional polyplex micelle named PPP-RGI was developed as a non-viral gene vector for the efficient transfection of miR-218 (an osteogenic miRNA regulator) to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for accelerated osteogenic differentiation. PPP-RGI was designed and synthesized via conjugation of a multifunctional R9-G4-IKVAVW (RGI) peptide onto an amphiphilic poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-g-polyethylenimine-b-polyethylene glycol (PPP) copolymer. PPP-RGI self-assembled into polyplex micelles and strongly condensed miR-218 to prevent its RNase degradation. When the PPP-RGI/miR-218 complex was brought into contact with BMSCs, it exhibited high internalization efficiency and a fast escape from endo/lysosomes of the BMSCs. Subsequently, miR-218 released from the PPP-RGI/miR-218 complex regulated gene expressions and significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The multifunctional peptide conjugated nanocarrier serves as an effective miRNA delivery vector to promote osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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130
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Liu Y, Zheng M, Jiao M, Yan C, Xu S, Du Q, Morsch M, Yin J, Shi B. Polymeric nanoparticle mediated inhibition of miR-21 with enhanced miR-124 expression for combinatorial glioblastoma therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121036. [PMID: 34329919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal form of malignant brain tumor. Despite intensive effort, there is still no effective GBM treatment. Therefore, novel and more effective GBM therapeutic approaches are highly desired. In this study, we combined polymeric nanotechnology with microRNA (miRNA) regulation technology to develop a targeted polymeric nanoparticle to co-deliver anti-miR-21 and miR-124 into the brain to effectively treat GBM. The polymeric nanoparticle decorated with Angiopep-2 peptide not only can encapsulate miRNA via triple-interaction (electrostatic, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic bonding) to protect miRNA against enzyme degradation in the blood, but also is capable of crossing blood brain barrier (BBB) and allowing targeted delivery of miRNAs to GBM tissue due to the dual-targeting function of Angiopep-2. Moreover, the co-delivered anti-miR-21 and miR-124 simultaneously regulated the mutant RAS/PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway in tumor cells, consequently achieving combinatorial GBM therapy. This combinatorial effect was confirmed by our results showing that these miRNA nanomedicines can effectively reduce tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as reducing tumor angiogenesis. Consequently, effective suppression of tumor growth and significantly improved medium survival time are observed when these miRNA nanomedicines were assessed in an orthotopic GBM xenograft model. This work indicated that our new polymeric nanoparticles successfully mediate inhibition of miR-21 and miR-124 supplementation to significantly reduce tumorigenesis, and may have strong potential in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Mingzhu Jiao
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Chengnan Yan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Sen Xu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qiuli Du
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Ferreira-Bravo IA, DeStefano JJ. Xeno-nucleic Acid (XNA) 2'-Fluoro-Arabino Nucleic Acid (FANA) Aptamers to the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Block ACE2 Binding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34282416 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.13.452259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, gains access to cells through interactions of the receptor binding domain (RBD) on the viral S protein with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the surface of human host cells. Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) was used to generate aptamers (nucleic acids selected for high binding affinity to a target) to the RBD made from 2'-fluoroarabinonucleic acid (FANA). The best selected ~ 79 nucleotide aptamers bound the RBD (Arg319-Phe541) and the larger S1 domain (Val16-Arg685) of the 1272 amino acid S protein with equilibrium dissociation constants ( K D,app ) of ~ 10-20 nM and a binding half-life for the RBD of 53 ± 18 minutes. Aptamers inhibited the binding of the RBD to ACE2 in an ELISA assay. Inhibition, on a per weight basis, was similar to neutralizing antibodies that were specific for RBD. Aptamers demonstrated high specificity, binding with about 10-fold lower affinity to the related S1 domain from the original SARS virus, which also binds to ACE2. Overall, FANA aptamers show affinities comparable to previous DNA aptamers to RBD and S protein and directly block receptor interactions while using an alternative Xeno-nucleic acid (XNA) platform.
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Yang J, Wang H, Xing Z. Inhibition of circ_0081234 reduces prostate cancer tumor growth and metastasis via miR-1/MAP3K1 axis. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3376. [PMID: 34191363 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators in tumor occurrence and progression, and circRNAs are enriched and stable in exosomes. This study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of cancer-derived exosomal circ_0081234 in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Exosomes were extracted using the ExoQuick Precipitation Kit. The levels of circ_0081234, miR-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP 3K1) were examined using qRT-PCR or western blot. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated via transwell assay. The protein levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and E-cadherin were detected by western blot. The interaction between miR-1 and circ_0081234 or MAP 3K1 was verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS Circ_0081234 level was increased in PC a tissues with spinal metastasis (SM) in comparison to primary PCa tissues without SM. Exosomal circ_0081234 promoted the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells. Knockdown of circ_0081234 blocked PCa cell progression via regulating miR-1. In addition, miR-1 overexpression suppressed PCa cell progression by repressing MAP 3K1. Moreover, circ_0081234 increased MAP 3K1 level via sponging miR-1. Depletion of circ_0081234 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Exosomal circ_0081234 promoted migration, invasion and EMT of PCa cells by regulating the miR-1/MAP 3K1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengwei Xing
- Medical office, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Chung MJ, Son JY, Park S, Park SS, Hur K, Lee SH, Lee EJ, Park JK, Hong IH, Kim TH, Jeong KS. Mesenchymal Stem Cell and MicroRNA Therapy of Musculoskeletal Diseases. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:150-167. [PMID: 33377459 PMCID: PMC8138662 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) have been verified in many human and animal studies. Although some tissues contain MSCs, the number of cells harvested from those tissues and rate of proliferation in vitro are not enough for continuous transplantation. In order to produce and maintain stable MSCs, many attempts are made to induce differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into MSCs. In particular, it is also known that the paracrine action of stem cell-secreted factors could promote the regeneration and differentiation of target cells in damaged tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of the secreted factors, are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the translation of a gene. It is known that miRNAs help communication between stem cells and their surrounding niches through exosomes to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. While studies have so far been underway targeting therapeutic miRNAs of MSDs, studies on specific miRNAs secreted from MSCs are still minimal. Hence, our ultimate goal is to obtain sufficient amounts of exosomes from iPSC-MSCs and develop them into therapeutic agents, furthermore to select specific miRNAs and provide safe cell-free clinical setting as a cell-free status with purpose of delivering them to target cells. This review article focuses on stem cell therapy on MSDs, specific microRNAs regulating MSDs and updates on novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Chung
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - SunYoung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon-Seok Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Reda El Sayed S, Cristante J, Guyon L, Denis J, Chabre O, Cherradi N. MicroRNA Therapeutics in Cancer: Current Advances and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112680. [PMID: 34072348 PMCID: PMC8198729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a complex disease associated with deregulation of numerous genes. In addition, redundant cellular pathways limit efficiency of monotarget drugs in cancer therapy. MicroRNAs are a class of gene expression regulators, which often function by targeting multiple genes. This feature makes them a double-edged sword (a) as attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy and concomitantly (b) as risky targets due to their potential side effects on healthy tissues. As for conventional antitumor drugs, nanocarriers have been developed to circumvent the problems associated with miRNA delivery to tumors. In this review, we highlight studies that have established the pre-clinical proof-of concept of miRNAs as relevant therapeutic targets in oncology. Particular attention was brought to new strategies based on nanovectorization of miRNAs as well as to the perspectives for their applications. Abstract The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 has challenged the dogma of gene expression regulation. MiRNAs affect most of cellular processes from metabolism, through cell proliferation and differentiation, to cell death. In cancer, deregulated miRNA expression leads to tumor development and progression by promoting acquisition of cancer hallmark traits. The multi-target action of miRNAs, which enable regulation of entire signaling networks, makes them attractive tools for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Hence, supplementing downregulated miRNA by synthetic oligonucleotides or silencing overexpressed miRNAs through artificial antagonists became a common strategy in cancer research. However, the ultimate success of miRNA therapeutics will depend on solving pharmacokinetic and targeted delivery issues. The development of a number of nanocarrier-based platforms holds significant promises to enhance the cell specific controlled delivery and safety profile of miRNA-based therapies. In this review, we provide among the most comprehensive assessments to date of promising nanomedicine platforms that have been tested preclinically, pertaining to the treatment of selected solid tumors including lung, liver, breast, and glioblastoma tumors as well as endocrine malignancies. The future challenges and potential applications in clinical oncology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Reda El Sayed
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Justine Cristante
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Service d’Endocrinologie, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Josiane Denis
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Olivier Chabre
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Service d’Endocrinologie, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Cherradi
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-38783501; Fax: +33-(0)4-38785058
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Xu Y, Niu Y, Wu B, Cao X, Gong T, Zhang ZR, Fu Y. Extended-release of therapeutic microRNA via a host-guest supramolecular hydrogel to locally alleviate renal interstitial fibrosis. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120902. [PMID: 34087588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activated fibroblasts are critical contributors to renal interstitial fibrosis thus becoming the cellular target for fibrosis treatment. Previously, microRNA 29 b (miR-29 b) is shown to be down-regulated in various animal models of renal fibrosis. Herein, we describe a facile strategy to achieve localized and sustained delivery of therapeutic microRNA to the kidney via a host-guest supramolecular hydrogel. Specifically, cationic bovine serum albumin is used to complex with miR-29 b to afford nanocomplexes (cBSA/miR-29 b), which is proven to specifically inhibit fibroblast activation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Following unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice, a single injection of the hydrogel loaded with cBSA/miR-29 b in vivo, significantly down-regulated proteins and genes related to fibrosis for up to 21 days without affecting the normal liver or kidney functions. Overall, the localized delivery of cBSA/miR-29 b via a host-guest supramolecular hydrogel represents a safe and effective intervention strategy to delay and reverse the progression of interstitial renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yining Niu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and the Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administrate of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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136
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Karkhane M, Lashgarian HE, Hormozi M, Fallahi S, Cheraghipour K, Marzban A. Oncogenesis and Tumor Inhibition by MicroRNAs and its Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Systematic Review. Microrna 2021; 9:198-215. [PMID: 31686643 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191104103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs appear as small molecule modifiers, which improve many new findings and mechanical illustrations for critically important biological phenomena and pathologic events. The best-characterized non-coding RNA family consists of about 2600 human microRNAs. Rich evidence has revealed their crucial importance in maintaining normal development, differentiation, growth control, aging, modulation of cell survival or apoptosis, as well as migration and metastasis as microRNAs dysregulation leads to cancer incidence and progression. By far, microRNAs have recently emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The rationale for developing microRNA therapeutics is based on the premise that aberrantly expressed microRNAs play a significant role in the emergence of a variety of human diseases ranging from cardiovascular defects to cancer, and that repairing these microRNA deficiencies by either antagonizing or restoring microRNA function may yield a therapeutic benefit. Although microRNA antagonists are conceptually similar to other inhibitory therapies, improving the performance of microRNAs by microRNA replacement or inhibition that is a less well- described attitude. In this assay, we have condensed the last global knowledge and concepts regarding the involvement of microRNAs in cancer emergence, which has been achieved from the previous studies, consisting of the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response and the disruption of profile expression in human cancer. Here, we have reviewed the special characteristics of microRNA replacement and inhibition therapies and discussed explorations linked with the delivery of microRNA mimics in turmeric cells. Besides, the achievement of biomarkers based on microRNAs in clinics is considered as novel non-invasive biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhane
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hormozi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Cheraghipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Alvanegh AG, Ganji SM, Kamel A, Tavallaie M, Rafati A, Arpanaei A, Dorostkar R, Ghaleh HEG. Comparison of oncolytic virotherapy and nanotherapy as two new miRNA delivery approaches in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111755. [PMID: 34044282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is known as the second leading cause of cancer death. Finding ways to detect early-stage lung cancer can remarkably increase the survival rate. Biomarkers such as microRNAs can be helpful in cancer diagnosis, predicting its prognosis, and patients' chances of survival. Numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between microRNA expression and the likelihood of patients surviving after treatment. Consequently, it is necessary to study the expression profile of microRNAs during and after treatment. Oncolytic virotherapy and nanotherapy are two neoteric methods that use various vectors to deliver microRNAs into cancer cells. Although these treatments have not yet entered into the clinical trials, much progress has been made in this area. Analyzing the expression profile of microRNAs after applying nanotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy can evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. This review refers to the studies conducted about these two approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods in delivery and affecting microRNA expression patterns are discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ghorbani Alvanegh
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Mohammad Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kamel
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tavallaie
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafati
- Instructor of Human Genetics, Laboratory Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Arpanaei
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Palazzo G, Isola G. The Emerging Role of microRNA in Periodontitis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Potential and Future Molecular Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5456. [PMID: 34064286 PMCID: PMC8196859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, it has been established that messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcription does not inevitably lead to protein translation, but there are numerous processes involved in post-transcriptional regulation, which is a continuously developing field of research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate protein expression and are implicated in several physiological and pathological mechanisms. Aberrant expression of miRNAs triggers dysregulation of multiple cellular processes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. For many years, it was thought that miRNAs acted only within the cell in which they were synthesised, but, recently, they have been found outside cells bound to lipids and proteins, or enclosed in extracellular vesicles, namely exosomes. They can circulate throughout the body, transferring information between cells and altering gene expression in the recipient cells, as they can fuse with and be internalised by the recipient cells. Numerous studies on miRNAs have been conducted in order to identify possible biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. However, as therapeutic agents, single miRNAs can target several genes and influence multiple regulatory networks. The aim of this review was to examine the molecular role of miRNAs and exosomes in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease and to evaluate possible clinical and future implications for a personalised therapeutical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
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139
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Profiling of circular RNAs and circTPCN/miR-634/mTOR regulatory pathway in cervical cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:2253-2263. [PMID: 34029698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable forms of endogenous non-coding RNA molecules with diverse biological functions. Some of them have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the initiation or development of cancers through regulation of gene expression. However, the profiles and the roles of circRNAs in tumorigenesis of cervical cancer remain largely unknown. In the current study, we investigated the expression profiles of circRNAs and their potential oncogenic mechanisms in cervical cancer. The expression patterns, obtained using a microarray assay, revealed a total of 192 differentially expressed circRNAs, of which 106 were upregulated and 86 were downregulated, in cervical cancer samples compared with normal cervical samples. The differential expression of circRNAs was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Two circRNAs (circTPCN and circFAM185A) were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer samples, indicating that they represent potential biomarkers of cervical cancer. The role and the potential molecular mechanism of circTPCN in cervical cancer tumorigenesis were further investigated. Knockdown of circTPCN significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Molecular analysis revealed that circTPCN acted as a sponge of miR-634 to enhance mTOR expression. Thus, the circTPCN/miR-634/mTOR regulatory pathway might be involved in cervical cancer tumorigenesis, and circTPCN is a potential therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
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140
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Li Z, Zhang P, Feng F, Zhang Q. Screening and Interaction Analysis of Key Genes in miR-542-3p Over- Expressed Osteosarcoma Cells by Bioinformatics. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 23:411-418. [PMID: 32233998 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200401103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is one of the most serious primary malignant bone tumors that threaten the lives of children and adolescents. However, the mechanism underlying and how to prevent or treat the disease have not been well understood. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE This aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and explore novel insights into the molecular mechanism of miR-542-3p over-expressed Osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profile data GDS5367 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using GEO2R, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the DAVID database. And protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the STRING database. In addition, the most highly connected module was screened by plugin MCODE and hub genes by plugin CytoHubba. Furthermore, UALCAN and The Cancer Genome Atlas were performed for survival analysis. RESULT In total, 1421 DEGs were identified, including 598 genes were up-regulated and 823 genes were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that DEGs were classified into three groups and DEGs mainly enriched in Steroid biosynthesis, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and p53 signaling pathway. Six hub genes (UBA52, RNF114, UBE2H, TRIP12, HNRNPC, and PTBP1) may be key genes with the progression of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION The results could better understand the mechanism of osteosarcoma, which may facilitate a novel insight into treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
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Gandhi G, Abdullah S, Foead AI, Yeo WWY. The potential role of miRNA therapies in spinal muscle atrophy. J Neurol Sci 2021; 427:117485. [PMID: 34015517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by low levels of full-length survival motor neuron (SMN) protein due to the loss of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and inefficient splicing of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene, which mostly affects alpha motor neurons of the lower spinal cord. Despite the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved SMN-dependent therapies including Nusinersen, Zolgensma® and Evrysdi™, SMA is still a devastating disease as these existing expensive drugs may not be sufficient and thus, remains a need for additional therapies. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in SMA is expanding because miRNAs are important mediators of gene expression as each miRNA could target a number of genes. Hence, miRNA-based therapy could be utilized in treating this genetic disorder. However, the delivery of miRNAs into the target cells remains an obstacle in SMA, as there is no effective delivery system to date. This review highlights the potential strategies for intracellular miRNA delivery into target cells and current challenges in miRNA delivery. Furthermore, we provide the future prospects of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Gandhi
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Wisma Chase Perdana, Changkat Semantan, Damansara Heights, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agus Iwan Foead
- Department of Orthopedics, Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Perdana University, Wisma Chase Perdana, Changkat Semantan, Damansara Heights, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wai Yeng Yeo
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Wisma Chase Perdana, Changkat Semantan, Damansara Heights, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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142
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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143
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Lei X, Yang M, Xiao Z, Zhang H, Tan S. circTLK1 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:362-374. [PMID: 33954256 PMCID: PMC8051169 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological malignancy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to play an important regulatory role in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of circTLK1 (hsa_circ_0004442) in RCC. The levels of circTLK1, Cbl proto-oncogene (CBL), and microRNA-495-3p (miR-495-3p) were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell proliferation, cycle arrest and apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by colony formation, flow cytometry, scratch, and transwell assays. The levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin were measured by western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-495-3p and miR-495-3p or CBL was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by xenograft assay. The results found that circTLK1 and CBL were up-regulated in RCC tissues and cells. Silencing of circTLK1 or CBL inhibited proliferation and metastasis and accelerated apoptosis in RCC cells. In addition, circTLK1 directly bound to miR-495-3p, and CBL was the target of miR-495-3p. circTLK1 sponged miR-495-3p to increase CBL expression. Moreover, knockdown of circTLK1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, down-regulation of circTLK1 restrained proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis in RCC cells by modulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 336 Dongfeng Road, Zhuhui District, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhifang Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 336 Dongfeng Road, Zhuhui District, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
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144
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Synergistic Effect of Doxorubicin and siRNA-Mediated Silencing of Mcl-1 Using Cationic Niosomes against 3D MCF-7 Spheroids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040550. [PMID: 33919902 PMCID: PMC8070967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a vital option for cancer treatment; however, its therapeutic outcomes are limited by dose-dependent toxicity and the occurrence of chemoresistance. siRNAs have emerged as an attractive therapeutic option enabling specific interference with target genes. Combination therapy using chemotherapeutic agents along with gene therapy could be a potential strategy for cancer management, which not only improves therapeutic efficacy but also decreases untoward effects from dose reduction. In this study, a cationic niosome containing plier-like cationic lipid B was used to convey siRNA against anti-apoptotic mRNA into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Mcl-1 silencing markedly decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells and triggered apoptosis. Moreover, computer modeling suggested that the combination of doxorubicin (Dox) and Mcl-1 siRNA exhibited a synergistic relationship and enabled a dose reduction of each agent at 1.71 and 3.91 folds, respectively, to reach a 90% inhibitory effect when compared to single-agent treatments. Synergistic antitumor activity was further verified in a 3D spheroid culture which revealed, in contrast to single-agent treatment, the combination markedly decreased spheroid volume over time. Together, the combination therapy between Mcl-1 silencing and Dox exhibits a synergistic effect that may be exploited for novel breast cancer treatment.
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145
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MicroRNA Targets for Asthma Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:89-105. [PMID: 33788189 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory obstructive lung disease that is stratified into endotypes. Th2 high asthma is due to an imbalance of Th1/Th2 signaling leading to abnormally high levels of Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and in some cases a reduction in type I interferons. Some asthmatics express Th2 low, Th1/Th17 high phenotypes with or without eosinophilia. Most asthmatics with Th2 high phenotype respond to beta-adrenergic agonists, muscarinic antagonists, and inhaled corticosteroids. However, 5-10% of asthmatics are not well controlled by these therapies despite significant advances in lung immunology and the pathogenesis of severe asthma. This problem is being addressed by developing novel classes of anti-inflammatory agents. Numerous studies have established efficacy of targeting pro-inflammatory microRNAs in mouse models of mild/moderate and severe asthma. Current approaches employ microRNA mimics and antagonists designed for use in vivo. Chemically modified oligonucleotides have enhanced stability in blood, increased cell permeability, and optimized target specificity. Delivery to lung tissue limits clinical applications, but it is a tractable problem. Future studies need to define the most effective microRNA targets and effective delivery systems. Successful oligonucleotide drug candidates must have adequate lung cell uptake, high target specificity, and efficacy with tolerable off-target effects.
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146
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Huang Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Yao S, Yao T, Xu Y, Chen Z, Yuan P, Gao J, Shen S, Ma J. miR-21-5p targets SKP2 to reduce osteoclastogenesis in a mouse model of osteoporosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100617. [PMID: 33811860 PMCID: PMC8095171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis results from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. Traditional drugs for treating osteoporosis are associated with serious side effects, and thus, new treatment methods are required. This study investigated the role of differentially expressed microRNAs during osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast activity during osteoarthritis as well as the associated underlying mechanisms. We used a microarray to screen microRNAs that decreased in the process of osteoclast differentiation and verified miR-21-5p to decrease significantly using RT-qPCR. In follow-up experiments, we found that miR-21-5p targets SKP2 to regulate osteoclast differentiation. In vivo, ovariectomized mice were used to simulate perimenopausal osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency, and miR-21-5p treatment inhibited bone resorption and maintained bone cortex and trabecular structure. These results suggest that miR-21-5p is a new therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yute Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Xu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zizheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Putao Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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147
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Jiang Y, Xiao F, Wang L, Wang T, Chen L. Hsa_circ_0099198 facilitates the progression of retinoblastoma by regulating miR-1287/LRP6 axis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108529. [PMID: 33676964 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular malignancy that occurs in children. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to play an essential role in tumorigenesis and development. This study aimed to ascertain the role and potential mechanism of hsa_circ_0099198 in RB. The levels of circ_0099198, microRNA-1287 (miR-1287) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by colony formation assay. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were tested using transwell assay. The activity of caspase-3/caspase-9 was examined with commercial kits. The interaction among circ_0099198, miR-1287 and LRP6 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay or RNA pull-down assay. Xenograft experiment was used to assess tumor growth in vivo. circ_0099198 and LRP6 levels were increased, while miR-1287 level was reduced in RB cells. circ_0099198 silencing suppressed proliferation and metastasis and expedited cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Y79 and So-RB50 cells. In addition, depletion of circ_0099198 inhibited RB cell progression via regulating miR-1287/LRP6 axis. Moreover, knockdown of circ_0099198 blocked the growth of xenograft tumors. circ_0099198 contributed to RB progression by sponging miR-1287 and up-regulating LRP6, which provided novel biomarkers for RB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China.
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148
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Hussein M, Magdy R. MicroRNAs in central nervous system disorders: current advances in pathogenesis and treatment. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding, regulatory RNA molecules that function as post transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Altered expression of multiple miRNAs was found to be extensively involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of excitotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and blood–brain barrier protection. Consequently, miRNAs can serve as biomarkers for different neurological disorders. In recent years, advances in the miRNA field led to identification of potentially novel prospects in the development of new therapies for incurable CNS disorders. MiRNA-based therapeutics include miRNA mimics and inhibitors that can decrease or increase the expression of target genes. Better understanding of the mechanisms by which miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders may provide novel targets to researchers for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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149
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D'Mello SR. MECP2 and the Biology of MECP2 Duplication Syndrome. J Neurochem 2021; 159:29-60. [PMID: 33638179 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), a rare X-linked genomic disorder affecting predominantly males, is caused by duplication of the chromosomal region containing the methyl CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene, which encodes methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), a multi-functional protein required for proper brain development and maintenance of brain function during adulthood. Disease symptoms include severe motor and cognitive impairment, delayed or absent speech development, autistic features, seizures, ataxia, recurrent respiratory infections and shortened lifespan. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which a relatively modest increase in MECP2 protein causes such severe disease symptoms are poorly understood and consequently there are no treatments available for this fatal disorder. This review summarizes what is known to date about the structure and complex regulation of MECP2 and its many functions in the developing and adult brain. Additionally, recent experimental findings on the cellular and molecular underpinnings of MDS based on cell culture and mouse models of the disorder are reviewed. The emerging picture from these studies is that MDS is a neurodegenerative disorder in which neurons die in specific parts of the central nervous system, including the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and spinal cord. Neuronal death likely results from astrocytic dysfunction, including a breakdown of glutamate homeostatic mechanisms. The role of elevations in the expression of glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) in astrocytes and the microtubule-associated protein, Tau, in neurons to the pathogenesis of MDS is discussed. Lastly, potential therapeutic strategies to potentially treat MDS are discussed.
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150
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Zhang S, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Han T. The Risks of miRNA Therapeutics: In a Drug Target Perspective. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:721-733. [PMID: 33654378 PMCID: PMC7910153 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s288859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNAi therapeutics have been growing. Patisiran and givosiran, two siRNA-based drugs, were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018 and 2019, respectively. However, there is rare news on the advance of miRNA drugs (another therapeutic similar to siRNA drug). Here we report the existing obstacles of miRNA therapeutics by analyses for resources available in a drug target perspective, despite being appreciated when it began. Only 10 obtainable miRNA drugs have been in clinical trials with none undergoing phase III, while over 60 siRNA drugs are in complete clinical trial progression including two approvals. We mechanically compared the two types of drug and found that their major distinction lay in the huge discrepancy of the target number of two RNA molecules, which was caused by different complementary ratios. One miRNA generally targets tens and even hundreds of genes. We named it “too many targets for miRNA effect” (TMTME). Further, two adverse events from the discontinuation of two miRNA therapeutics were exactly answered by TMTME. In summary, TMTME is inevitable because of the special complementary approach between miRNA and its target. It means that miRNA therapeutics would trigger a series of unknown and unpreventable consequences, which makes it a considerable alternative for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Cheng
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
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