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Hamilton TA, Pellegrino GM, Therrien JA, Ham DT, Bartlett PC, Karas BJ, Gloor GB, Edgell DR. Efficient inter-species conjugative transfer of a CRISPR nuclease for targeted bacterial killing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4544. [PMID: 31586051 PMCID: PMC6778077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective regulation of bacteria in complex microbial populations is key to controlling pathogenic bacteria. CRISPR nucleases can be programmed to kill bacteria, but require an efficient and broad-host range delivery system to be effective. Here, using an Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica co-culture system, we show that plasmids based on the IncP RK2 conjugative system can be used as delivery vectors for a TevSpCas9 dual nuclease. Notably, a cis-acting plasmid that encodes the conjugation and CRISPR machinery conjugates from E. coli to S. enterica with high frequency compared to a trans system that separates conjugation and CRISPR machinery. In culture conditions that enhance cell-to-cell contact, conjugation rates approach 100% with the cis-acting plasmid. Targeting of single or multiplexed sgRNAs to non-essential genes results in high S. enterica killing efficiencies. Our data highlight the potential of cis-acting conjugative plasmids as a delivery system for CRISPR nucleases or other microbial-altering agents for targeted bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Gregory M Pellegrino
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Jasmine A Therrien
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Dalton T Ham
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Peter C Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Bogumil J Karas
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Gregory B Gloor
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada.
| | - David R Edgell
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada.
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Ning E, Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Vendrell M, Graham D, Wark AW, Faulds K, Shu W. 3D bioprinting of mature bacterial biofilms for antimicrobial resistance drug testing. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045018. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab37a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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103
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Cattò C, Cappitelli F. Testing Anti-Biofilm Polymeric Surfaces: Where to Start? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3794. [PMID: 31382580 PMCID: PMC6696330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Present day awareness of biofilm colonization on polymeric surfaces has prompted the scientific community to develop an ever-increasing number of new materials with anti-biofilm features. However, compared to the large amount of work put into discovering potent biofilm inhibitors, only a small number of papers deal with their validation, a critical step in the translation of research into practical applications. This is due to the lack of standardized testing methods and/or of well-controlled in vivo studies that show biofilm prevention on polymeric surfaces; furthermore, there has been little correlation with the reduced incidence of material deterioration. Here an overview of the most common methods for studying biofilms and for testing the anti-biofilm properties of new surfaces is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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104
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Alonso B, Pérez-Granda MJ, Latorre MC, Rodríguez C, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Muñoz P, Guembe M. Is heparinized 40% ethanol lock solution efficient for reducing bacterial and fungal biofilms in an in vitro model? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219098. [PMID: 31283786 PMCID: PMC6613681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We applied an in vitro model to evaluate the efficacy of a heparinized 40% ethanol-based lock solution in a wide variety of clinical isolates causing C-RBSI. Methods A total of 100 clinical strains were collected retrospectively from the blood of patients with C-RBSI. The reduction in biomass and metabolic activity of biofilms was measured using the crystal violet (CV) assay and XTT assay, respectively. Regrowth inhibition (RI) was measured within 24 hours and 72 hours of ethanol lock therapy. Percentage reduction of ≥ 85% in RI was considered to be successful. Results Ethanol lock was more effective in reducing metabolic activity than in reducing biomass (83% vs. 50%, respectively). Percentages of RI diminished as regrowth was prolonged (57% for 24 hours and 17% for 72 hours of regrowth). No statistically significant intraspecies differences were found in biofilm reduction or in RI (p>0.05). Conclusions The use of heparinized 40% ethanol lock solution for 72 hours significantly reduced biomass and metabolic activity in clinical isolates from patients with C-RBSI. However, as biofilm has an important regrowth rate, 40% ethanol solution was not able to fully eradicate biofilm in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MG); (BA)
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Granda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Consuelo Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Guembe
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MG); (BA)
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105
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Shakibaie M, Hajighasemi E, Adeli-Sardou M, Doostmohammadi M, Forootanfar H. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Bi subnitrate and BiNPs produced by Delftia sp. SFG against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:377-381. [PMID: 31171741 PMCID: PMC8676055 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study Delftia sp. Shakibaie, Forootanfar, and Ghazanfari (SFG), was applied for preparation of biogenic Bi nanoparticles (BiNPs) and antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of the purified BiNPs were investigated by microdilution and disc diffusion methods. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the produced nanostructures were spherical with a size range of 40-120 nm. The measured minimum inhibitory concentration of both the Bi subnitrate and BiNPs against three biofilms producing bacterial pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis were found to be above 1280 µg/ml. Addition of BiNPs (1000 µg/disc) to antibiotic discs containing tobramycin, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, bacitracin, cefalexin, amoxicillin, and cefixime significantly increased the antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in comparison with Bi subnitrate (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the biogenic BiNPs decreased the biofilm formation of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and P. mirabilis to 55, 85, and 15%, respectively. In comparison to Bi subnitrate, BiNPs indicated significant anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa (p < 0.05) while the anti-biofilm activity of BiNPs against S. aureus and P. mirabilis was similar to that of Bi subnitrate. To sum up, the attained results showed that combination of biogenic BiNPs with commonly used antibiotics relatively enhanced their antibacterial effects against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elnaz Hajighasemi
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Adeli-Sardou
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Doostmohammadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Flockton TR, Schnorbus L, Araujo A, Adams J, Hammel M, Perez LJ. Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation with Surface Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020055. [PMID: 31022836 PMCID: PMC6631850 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a prominent clinical concern. Due to the observed high levels of antibiotic resistance, copious biofilm formation, and wide array of virulence factors produced by these bacteria, new treatment technologies are required. Here, we present the development of a series of P. aeruginosa LecA-targeted polymeric nanoparticles and demonstrate the anti-adhesion and biofilm inhibitory properties of these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Flockton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Logan Schnorbus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Agustin Araujo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Jill Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Maryjane Hammel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Lark J Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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Da W, Shao J, Li Q, Shi G, Wang T, Wu D, Wang C. Extraction of Extracellular Matrix in Static and Dynamic Candida Biofilms Using Cation Exchange Resin and Untargeted Analysis of Matrix Metabolites by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:752. [PMID: 31110494 PMCID: PMC6499207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans poses a great threat to human health. The ability of biofilm formation is believed to be associated with resistance-related Candida infections. Currently, knowledge on extracellular matrix (EM) of C. albicans biofilm is limited. In this study, we introduced ion exchange resin, i.e., cation exchange resin (CER) and anion exchange resin (AER), in EM extraction of C. albicans biofilm as well as several non-albicans Candida (NAC) biofilms under static and dynamic states in combination with vortexing and ultrasonication (VU). The metabolites extracted from the dynamic C. albicans biofilm matrix using the CER-VU and VU were identified with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) via untargeted filtration. Compared with other physical and chemical extraction methods, CER-VU was demonstrated to be an ideal approach with high-yield acquisitions of EM constituents including proteins, triglycerides and carbohydrates and low-level damages on fungal cell viability and integrity. The untargeted MS analysis further showed the high efficacy of CER-VU, as a large quantity of metabolites (217 versus 198) was matched comprising a great number of lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acids and their derivatives together with a high involvement of signaling pathways compared with the VU alone. However, combining the results from both the CER-VU and VU methods could generate more metabolites. In summary, the EM analysis of the dynamic C. albicans biofilm expands our understanding upon a comprehensive depiction of matrix components and provides another effective approach for EM extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Da
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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108
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Ali NH, Amin MCIM, Ng SF. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a functional antibiofilm wound dressing. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:629-645. [PMID: 30896336 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1595892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms comprise bacteria attached to wound surfaces and are major contributors to non-healing wounds. It was found that the increased resistance of biofilms to antibiotics allows wound infections to persist chronically in spite of antibiotic therapy. In this study, the reduced form of graphene oxide (rGO) was explored as plausible antibiofilm agents. The rGO was synthesized via reducing the functional groups of GO. Then, rGO were characterized using zetasizer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and FESEM. The rGO were then formulated into sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) hydrogels to form rGO hydrogel and tested for antibiofilm activities in vitro using XTT test, and in vivo biofilm formation assay using nematodes C. elegans. Reduced GO hydrogel was successfully formed by reducing the functional groups of GO, and a reduction of up to 95% of functional groups was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. XTT tests confirmed that rGO hydrogels reduced biofilm formation by S. aureus (81-84%) and P. aeruginosa (50-62%). Fluorescence intensity also confirmed that rGO hydrogel can inhibit biofilm bacteria in C. elegans experiments. This study implied that rGO hydrogel is an effective antibiofilm agent for infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hazwan Ali
- a Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Fakulti Farmasi , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- a Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Fakulti Farmasi , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Shiow-Fern Ng
- a Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Fakulti Farmasi , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Geredew Kifelew L, Mitchell JG, Speck P. Mini-review: efficacy of lytic bacteriophages on multispecies biofilms. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:472-481. [PMID: 31144513 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1613525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is potential for phages to prevent and control bacterial biofilms, but few studies have examined the effect of phages on the multispecies biofilms that characterize most bacterial infections. This paper reviews the mechanism of action of phages, the evidence supporting the view that phage therapy will be effective against bacterial targets and the opposite viewpoint, phage application approaches, and the comparative advantage of phage therapy in multispecies biofilms. The few reports measuring the actions of lytic phages against multispecies biofilms are also reviewed. The authors are cautiously optimistic about the application of phages against their targets when in multispecies biofilms because some lysis mechanisms do not require species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James G Mitchell
- a Flinders University, College of Science and Engineering , Bedford Park , South Australia
| | - Peter Speck
- a Flinders University, College of Science and Engineering , Bedford Park , South Australia
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110
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Aziz K, Tariq M, Zaidi A. Biofilm development in L. fermentum under shear flow & sequential GIT digestion. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5423880. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Aziz
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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111
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Gabidova AE, Galynkin VA. Theoretical Foundations of the Appearance of Drug Resistance in Soils. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218130042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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112
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Ramstedt M, Ribeiro IAC, Bujdakova H, Mergulhão FJM, Jordao L, Thomsen P, Alm M, Burmølle M, Vladkova T, Can F, Reches M, Riool M, Barros A, Reis RL, Meaurio E, Kikhney J, Moter A, Zaat SAJ, Sjollema J. Evaluating Efficacy of Antimicrobial and Antifouling Materials for Urinary Tract Medical Devices: Challenges and Recommendations. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800384. [PMID: 30884146 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, the mean incidence of urinary tract infections in intensive care units is 1.1 per 1000 patient-days. Of these cases, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) account for 98%. In total, CAUTI in hospitals is estimated to give additional health-care costs of £1-2.5 billion in the United Kingdom alone. This is in sharp contrast to the low cost of urinary catheters and emphasizes the need for innovative products that reduce the incidence rate of CAUTI. Ureteral stents and other urinary-tract devices suffer similar problems. Antimicrobial strategies are being developed, however, the evaluation of their efficacy is very challenging. This review aims to provide considerations and recommendations covering all relevant aspects of antimicrobial material testing, including surface characterization, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo tests, microbial strain selection, and hydrodynamic conditions, all in the perspective of complying to the complex pathology of device-associated urinary tract infection. The recommendations should be on the basis of standard assays to be developed which would enable comparisons of results obtained in different research labs both in industry and in academia, as well as provide industry and academia with tools to assess the antimicrobial properties for urinary tract devices in a reliable way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Bujdakova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81499, Bratislava 1, Slovakia
| | - Filipe J M Mergulhão
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Department of Environmental Health, Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Thomsen
- BioModics ApS, Stengårds Alle 31A, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Alm
- BioModics ApS, Stengårds Alle 31A, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Todorka Vladkova
- Department of Polymers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy (UCTM), 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Fusun Can
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Koc University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Martijn Riool
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Barros
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Emilio Meaurio
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leina, Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Judith Kikhney
- Biofilmcenter, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Biofilmcenter, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Trotsko N, Kosikowska U, Andrzejczuk S, Paneth A, Wujec M. Influence of Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives with Azolidine or Thiosemicarbazone Moieties on Haemophilus spp. Planktonic or Biofilm-Forming Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E1051. [PMID: 30884874 PMCID: PMC6471098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm, naturally formed by microorganisms as integrated surface-bound communities, is one of the reasons for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Haemophilus spp. are common and representative opportunistic Gram-negative rods forming from the upper respiratory tract microbiota. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of thiazolidine-2,4-dionebased azolidine and chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone hybrids against both planktonic and biofilm-forming Haemophilus spp. cells. The in vitro activity against planktonic and biofilm-forming cells of the tested compounds were evaluated by using the broth microdilution method. These activities were detected against reference and clinical strains of Haemophilus spp. on the basis of MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) and MBICs (minimal biofilm inhibitory concentrations). In addition, anti-adhesive properties of these compounds were examined. The target compounds showed potential activity against planktonic cells with MIC = 62.5⁻500 mg/L and biofilm-forming cells with MBIC = 62.5⁻1000 mg/L. The observed anti-adhesive properties of the tested compounds were reversible during long-term incubation in a lower concentration of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agata Paneth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Monika Wujec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Gómara M, Ramón-García S. The FICI paradigm: Correcting flaws in antimicrobial in vitro synergy screens at their inception. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:299-307. [PMID: 30836058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics have become the corner stone of modern medicine. However, our society is currently facing one of the greatest challenges of its time: the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. It is estimated that if no new therapies are implemented by 2050, 10 million people will die worldwide every year as a result of infections caused by bacteria resistant to current antibiotics; new antimicrobials are thus urgently needed. However, drug development is a tedious and very costly endeavor of hundreds of millions that can take up to 15-20 years from the bench discovery to the bedside. Under this scenario, drug repurposing, which consists in identifying new uses for old, clinically approved drugs, has gathered momentum within the pharmaceutical industry. Because most of these drugs have safety and toxicity information packages available, clinical evaluation could be done in a much shorter period than standard timelines. Synergistic combinations of these clinically approved drugs could also be a promising approach to identify novel antimicrobial therapies that might provide rational choices of available drugs to shorten treatment, increase efficacy, reduce toxicity, prevent resistance and treat infections caused by drug-resistant strains. However, although simple in its conception, translating results from in vitro synergy screens into in vivo efficacy or the clinical practice has proven to be a paramount challenge. In this Commentary, we will discuss common flaws at the inception of synergy research programs, with a special focus on the use of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI), and evaluate potential interventions that can be made at different developmental pre-clinical stages in order to improve the odds of translation from in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómara
- Mycobacterial Genetics Group, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón-García
- Mycobacterial Genetics Group, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Research & Development Agency of Aragon (ARAID) Foundation, Spain; CIBER Respiratory Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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115
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Zurob E, Dennett G, Gentil D, Montero-Silva F, Gerber U, Naulín P, Gómez A, Fuentes R, Lascano S, Rodrigues da Cunha TH, Ramírez C, Henríquez R, Del Campo V, Barrera N, Wilkens M, Parra C. Inhibition of Wild Enterobacter cloacae Biofilm Formation by Nanostructured Graphene- and Hexagonal Boron Nitride-Coated Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E49. [PMID: 30609710 PMCID: PMC6358881 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although biofilm formation is a very effective mechanism to sustain bacterial life, it is detrimental in medical and industrial sectors. Current strategies to control biofilm proliferation are typically based on biocides, which exhibit a negative environmental impact. In the search for environmentally friendly solutions, nanotechnology opens the possibility to control the interaction between biological systems and colonized surfaces by introducing nanostructured coatings that have the potential to affect bacterial adhesion by modifying surface properties at the same scale. In this work, we present a study on the performance of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride coatings (h-BN) to reduce biofilm formation. In contraposition to planktonic state, we focused on evaluating the efficiency of graphene and h-BN at the irreversible stage of biofilm formation, where most of the biocide solutions have a poor performance. A wild Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated, from fouling found in a natural environment, and used in these experiments. According to our results, graphene and h-BN coatings modify surface energy and electrostatic interactions with biological systems. This nanoscale modification determines a significant reduction in biofilm formation at its irreversible stage. No bactericidal effects were found, suggesting both coatings offer a biocompatible solution for biofilm and fouling control in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Zurob
- Laboratorio Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Geraldine Dennett
- Laboratorio Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Dana Gentil
- Laboratorio Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Francisco Montero-Silva
- Laboratorio Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Ulrike Gerber
- Faculty Environment and Natural Science, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Pamela Naulín
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Raúl Fuentes
- Departamento de Industrias, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Sheila Lascano
- Departamento de Mecánica, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 3939, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Cristian Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Henríquez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Valeria Del Campo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Nelson Barrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcela Wilkens
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carolina Parra
- Laboratorio Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
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116
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Lora-Tamayo J, Murillo O, Ariza J. Clinical Use of Colistin in Biofilm-Associated Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1145:181-195. [PMID: 31364079 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16373-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is an adaptive bacterial strategy whereby microorganisms become encased in a complex glycoproteic matrix. The low concentration of oxygen and nutrients in this environment leads to heterogeneous phenotypic changes in the bacteria, with antimicrobial tolerance being of paramount importance. As with other antibiotics, the activity of colistin is impaired by biofilm-embedded bacteria. Therefore, the recommendation for administering high doses in combination with a second drug, indicated for planktonic infections, remains valid in this setting. Notably, colistin has activity against metabolically inactive biofilm-embedded cells located in the inner layers of the biofilm structure. This is opposite and complementary to the activity of other antimicrobials that are able to kill metabolically active cells in the outer layers of the biofilm. Several experimental models have shown a higher activity of colistin when used in combination with other agents, and have reported that this can avoid the emergence of colistin-resistant subpopulations. Most experience of colistin in biofilm-associated infections comes from patients with cystic fibrosis, where the use of nebulized colistin allows high concentrations to reach the site of the infection. However, limited clinical experience is available in other scenarios, such as osteoarticular infections or device-related central nervous system infections caused by multi-drug resistant microorganisms. In the latter scenario, the use of intraventricular or intrathecal colistin also permits high local concentrations and good clinical results. Overall, the efficacy of intravenous colistin seems to be poor, but its association with a second antimicrobial significantly increases the response rate. Given its activity against inner bioflm-embedded cells, its possible role in combination with other antibiotics, beyond last-line therapy situations, should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Lora-Tamayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oscar Murillo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ariza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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117
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CASARIN M, PAZINATTO J, OLIVEIRA LM, SOUZA MED, SANTOS RCV, ZANATTA FB. Anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory effect of a herbal nanoparticle mouthwash: a randomized crossover trial. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e062. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Rodrigues SV, Laviniki V, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Moraes HLS, Nascimento VP, Salle CTP. Biofilm Formation by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli is Not Related to In Vivo Pathogenicity. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:194-199. [PMID: 30515580 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the pathogens that most concerns the poultry industry worldwide due to the economic losses it can cause. APEC persistence and survival, both in the environment and in the host, may be a consequence of biofilm-producing capabilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate APEC strains' biofilm production and its relationship to in vivo pathogenicity. Two hundred thirty-eight APEC isolates from three different origins (broiler bedding material, cellulite lesions, and respiratory diseases) were selected. The in vivo pathogenicity index (PI) was determined. Biofilm formation was evaluated using a microplate assay with analysis of colony morphology in Congo Red agar in order to detect the phenotypic expression of curli fimbriae and cellulose. Regarding biofilm production, it was observed that 55.8% of the strains produced biofilms. In the morphological test, 88.2% of the isolates expressed one or both components at one of the temperatures at least, and 11.8% of the isolates did not express curli or cellulose. Cellulose production was significantly higher at 25 °C. On the other hand, curli production was significantly higher at 37 °C. The study data indicate that there is no association between biofilm production and in vivo pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelle V Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Laviniki
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen A Borges
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Thales Q Furian
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hamilton L S Moraes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Nascimento
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos T P Salle
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
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119
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In vitro and ex vivo systems at the forefront of infection modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 2018; 198:228-249. [PMID: 30384974 PMCID: PMC7172914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a growing problem over the past decade. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control predict more deaths resulting from microorganisms than all cancers combined by 2050. Currently, many traditional models used to study bacterial infections fail to precisely replicate the in vivo bacterial environment. These models often fail to incorporate fluid flow, bio-mechanical cues, intercellular interactions, host-bacteria interactions, and even the simple inclusion of relevant physiological proteins in culture media. As a result of these inadequate models, there is often a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo assays, limiting therapeutic potential. Thus, the urgency to establish in vitro and ex vivo systems to investigate the mechanisms underlying bacterial infections and to discover new-age therapeutics against bacterial infections is dire. In this review, we present an update of current in vitro and ex vivo models that are comprehensively changing the landscape of traditional microbiology assays. Further, we provide a comparative analysis of previous research on various established organ-disease models. Lastly, we provide insight on future techniques that may more accurately test new formulations to meet the growing demand of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections.
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120
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Cortese YJ, Wagner VE, Tierney M, Devine D, Fogarty A. Review of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections and In Vitro Urinary Tract Models. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:2986742. [PMID: 30405898 PMCID: PMC6204192 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2986742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common nosocomial infections and can lead to numerous medical complications from the mild catheter encrustation and bladder stones to the severe septicaemia, endotoxic shock, and pyelonephritis. Catheters are one of the most commonly used medical devices in the world and can be characterised as either indwelling (ID) or intermittent catheters (IC). The primary challenges in the use of IDs are biofilm formation and encrustation. ICs are increasingly seen as a solution to the complications caused by IDs as ICs pose no risk of biofilm formation due to their short time in the body and a lower risk of bladder stone formation. Research on IDs has focused on the use of antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds, while research on ICs has focused on preventing bacteria entering the urinary tract or coming into contact with the catheter. There is an urgent need for in vitro urinary tract models to facilitate faster research and development for CAUTI prevention. There are currently three urinary tract models that test IDs; however, there is only a single very limited model for testing ICs. There is currently no standardised urinary tract model to test the efficacies of ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J. Cortese
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | | | | | - Declan Devine
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Andrew Fogarty
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
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121
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Roy R, Tiwari M, Donelli G, Tiwari V. Strategies for combating bacterial biofilms: A focus on anti-biofilm agents and their mechanisms of action. Virulence 2018; 9:522-554. [PMID: 28362216 PMCID: PMC5955472 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1313372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix surrounding bacteria makes them tolerant to harsh conditions and resistant to antibacterial treatments. Moreover, the biofilms are responsible for causing a broad range of chronic diseases and due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria it has really become difficult to treat them with efficacy. Furthermore, the antibiotics available till date are ineffective for treating these biofilm related infections due to their higher values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), which may result in in-vivo toxicity. Hence, it is critically important to design or screen anti-biofilm molecules that can effectively minimize and eradicate biofilm related infections. In the present article, we have highlighted the mechanism of biofilm formation with reference to different models and various methods used for biofilm detection. A major focus has been put on various anti-biofilm molecules discovered or tested till date which may include herbal active compounds, chelating agents, peptide antibiotics, lantibiotics and synthetic chemical compounds along with their structures, mechanism of action and their respective MICs, MBCs, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) as well as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values available in the literature so far. Different mode of action of anti biofilm molecules addressed here are inhibition via interference in the quorum sensing pathways, adhesion mechanism, disruption of extracellular DNA, protein, lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides and secondary messengers involved in various signaling pathways. From this study, we conclude that the molecules considered here might be used to treat biofilm-associated infections after significant structural modifications, thereby investigating its effective delivery in the host. It should also be ensured that minimum effective concentration of these molecules must be capable of eradicating biofilm infections with maximum potency without posing any adverse side effects on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Roy
- a Department of Biochemistry , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- a Department of Biochemistry , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Gianfranco Donelli
- b Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- a Department of Biochemistry , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
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122
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Wu L, Chen W, Li F, Morrow BR, Garcia-Godoy F, Hong L. Sustained Release of Minocycline From Minocycline-Calcium-Dextran Sulfate Complex Microparticles for Periodontitis Treatment. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:3134-3142. [PMID: 30201483 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is important to address the periodontitis-associated bacteria in the residual subgingival plaque after scaling and root planing to successfully treat periodontitis. In this study, we explored the possibility of exploiting the ion pairing/complexation of minocycline, Ca2+, and sulfate/sulfonate-bearing biopolymers to develop an intrapocket delivery system of minocycline as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Minocycline-calcium-dextran sulfate complex microparticles were synthesized from minocycline, CaCl2, and dextran sulfate. They were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. An in vitro release study was conducted to evaluate the release kinetics of minocycline from these microparticles. Agar disk diffusion assays and biofilm-grown bacteria assays were used to assess antibacterial capability. High loading efficiency (96.98% ± 0.12%) and high loading content (44.69% ± 0.03%) for minocycline were observed for these complex microparticles. Mino-Ca-DS microparticles achieved sustained release of minocycline for at least 9 days at pH 7.4 and 18 days at pH 6.4 in phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. They also demonstrated potent antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in agar disk diffusion and biofilm assays. These results suggested that the ion pairing/complexation of minocycline, Ca2+, and sulfonate/sulfate-bearing biopolymers can be exploited to develop complex microparticles as local delivery systems for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Wu
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Wu Chen
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Feng Li
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849.
| | - Brian R Morrow
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Liang Hong
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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123
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Wojciech J, Kamila M, Wojciech B. Investigation of the population dynamics within a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using a flow based biofilm model system and flow cytometric evaluation of cellular physiology. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:835-850. [PMID: 30332894 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1508569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study a flow based biofilm model system was used to simulate the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on a stainless steel surface. To investigate the complexity of biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa populations a combination of microscopic observations and flow cytometric analysis (FCM) was adopted. Biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa cells were evaluated (1) under optimal vs reduced nutrient-availability at the initial adhesion stage, and (2) irrespective of nutrient-availability within a mature biofilm. Microscopic estimation of the extent of attachment revealed more effective colonization upon optimal vs starvation conditions. FCM allowed an in situ evaluation of P. aeruginosa vitality, using cellular redox potential measurements to discriminate active, mid-active and non-active sub-populations. Samples from recently attached cells and mature biofilms showed significant differences in the percentages of bacterial cells from the defined sub-populations. The approach demonstrated that distribution of individual P. aeruginosa sub-populations was influenced by the stage of the biofilm life-cycle and nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzwa Wojciech
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Myszka Kamila
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Białas Wojciech
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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124
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Shelobolina ES, Walker DK, Parker AE, Lust DV, Schultz JM, Dickerman GE. Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms formed under high shear stress on various hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces by a continuous flow of ozonated water. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:826-834. [PMID: 30311502 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1506023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on glass under high shear stress and exposed to a range of dissolved ozone concentrations (2, 5 and 7 ppm) at 10 and 20 min was investigated. The regression equation, log reduction (biofilm) = 0.64 + 0.59×(C - 2) + 0.33×(T - 10), described the dependence of biofilm inactivation on the dissolved ozone concentration (C, ppm) and contact time (T, min). The predicted D-values were 11.1, 5.7 and 2.2 min at 2, 5 and 7 ppm, respectively. Inactivation of biofilms grown on various surfaces was tested at a single dissolved ozone concentration of 5 ppm and a single exposure time of 20 min. Biofilms grown on plastic materials showed inactivation results similar to that of biofilms on glass, while biofilms grown on ceramics were statistically significantly more difficult to inactivate, suggesting the importance of utilizing non-porous materials in industrial and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane K Walker
- b Center for Biofilm Engineering , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Albert E Parker
- b Center for Biofilm Engineering , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
- c Department of Mathematical Sciences , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Dorian V Lust
- a NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes LLC , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Johanna M Schultz
- b Center for Biofilm Engineering , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Grace E Dickerman
- b Center for Biofilm Engineering , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
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125
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Zhou Y, Millhouse E, Shaw T, Lappin DF, Rajendran R, Bagg J, Lin H, Ramage G. Evaluating Streptococcus mutans Strain Dependent Characteristics in a Polymicrobial Biofilm Community. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1498. [PMID: 30083138 PMCID: PMC6064717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate strain dependent differences of the cariogenic biofilm forming Streptococcus mutans within both simple and complex communities. Methods: A mono-species containing representative S. mutans clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), and a multispecies in vitro caries biofilm model containing Lactobacillus casei, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces naeslundii, and either of two representative S. mutans clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), was developed as a comparison model. Compositional analysis of total and live bacteria within biofilms, and transcriptional analysis of biofilm associated virulence factors were evaluated by live/dead PCR and quantitative PCR, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the architecture of biofilm. One-way analysis of variance and t-tests were used to investigate significant differences between independent groups of data. Results: Within a mono-species biofilm, different S. mutans strains responded similarly to one another during biofilm formation in different carbohydrate sources, with sucrose showing the highest levels of biofilm biomass and galactose showing the lowest. Within the polymicrobial biofilm system, compositional analysis of the bacteria within the biofilm showed that S. mutans derived from a caries-free patient was preferentially composed of both total and viable L. casei, whereas S. mutans derived from a caries patient was dominated by both total and viable S. mutans (p < 0.001). Normalized gene expression analysis of srtA, gtfB, ftf, spaP, gbpB, and luxS, showed a general upregulation within the S. mutans dominant biofilm. Conclusion: We were able to demonstrate that individual strains derived from different patients exhibited altered biofilm characteristics, which were not obvious within a simple mono-species biofilm model. Influencing the environmental conditions changed the composition and functionality S. mutans within the polymicrobial biofilm. The biofilm model described herein provides a novel and reproducible method of assessing the impact on the biofilm microbiome upon different environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emma Millhouse
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Shaw
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David F Lappin
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ranjith Rajendran
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Bagg
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland
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126
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Schmieden DT, Basalo Vázquez SJ, Sangüesa H, van der Does M, Idema T, Meyer AS. Printing of Patterned, Engineered E. coli Biofilms with a Low-Cost 3D Printer. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1328-1337. [PMID: 29690761 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms can grow on virtually any surface available, with impacts ranging from endangering the lives of patients to degrading unwanted water contaminants. Biofilm research is challenging due to the high degree of biofilm heterogeneity. A method for the production of standardized, reproducible, and patterned biofilm-inspired materials could be a boon for biofilm research and allow for completely new engineering applications. Here, we present such a method, combining 3D printing with genetic engineering. We prototyped a low-cost 3D printer that prints bioink, a suspension of bacteria in a solution of alginate that solidifies on a calcium-containing substrate. We 3D-printed Escherichia coli in different shapes and in discrete layers, after which the cells survived in the printing matrix for at least 1 week. When printed bacteria were induced to form curli fibers, the major proteinaceous extracellular component of E. coli biofilms, they remained adherent to the printing substrate and stably spatially patterned even after treatment with a matrix-dissolving agent, indicating that a biofilm-mimicking structure had formed. This work is the first demonstration of patterned, biofilm-inspired living materials that are produced by genetic control over curli formation in combination with spatial control by 3D printing. These materials could be used as living, functional materials in applications such as water filtration, metal ion sequestration, or civil engineering, and potentially as standardizable models for certain curli-containing biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik T. Schmieden
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha J. Basalo Vázquez
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Héctor Sangüesa
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marit van der Does
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Timon Idema
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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127
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Gennari O, Marchesano V, Rega R, Mecozzi L, Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, Coppola R, Masucci L, Mazzon E, Bramanti A, Ferraro P, Grilli S. Pyroelectric Effect Enables Simple and Rapid Evaluation of Biofilm Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15467-15476. [PMID: 29676891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are detrimental to human life and industrial processes due to potential infections, contaminations, and deterioration. Therefore, the evaluation of microbial capability to form biofilms is of fundamental importance for assessing how different environmental factors may affect their vitality. Nowadays, the approaches used for biofilm evaluation are still poor in reliability and rapidity and often provide contradictory results. Here, we present what we call biofilm electrostatic test (BET) as a simple, rapid, and highly reproducible tool for evaluating in vitro the ability of bacteria to form biofilms through electrostatic interaction with a pyroelectrified carrier. The results show how the BET is able to produce viable biofilms with a density 6-fold higher than that on the control, after just 2 h incubation. The BET could pave the way to a rapid standardization of the evaluation of bacterial resistance among biofilm-producing microorganisms. In fact, due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, it is well suited for a rapid and easy implementation in a microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gennari
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - V Marchesano
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - R Rega
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - L Mecozzi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - F Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Sciences , National Research Council (CNR-ISA) , Via Roma 64 , 83100 Avellino , Italy
| | - F Fratianni
- Institute of Food Sciences , National Research Council (CNR-ISA) , Via Roma 64 , 83100 Avellino , Italy
| | - R Coppola
- DIAA-University of Molise , Via de Sanctis, snc , 86100 Campobasso , Italy
| | - L Masucci
- Institute of Microbiology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, "A. Gemelli" Foundation , Largo A. Gemelli 8 , 00168 Rome , Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo , Strada Statale 113 , 98124 Messina , Italy
| | - A Bramanti
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
- IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo , Strada Statale 113 , 98124 Messina , Italy
| | - P Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - S Grilli
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems , National Research Council (CNR-ISASI) , Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
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128
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Alonso B, Pérez-Granda MJ, Rodríguez-Huerta A, Rodríguez C, Bouza E, Guembe M. The optimal ethanol lock therapy regimen for treatment of biofilm-associated catheter infections: an in-vitro study. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:e187-e195. [PMID: 29653134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol-based lock therapy (LT) solutions are used as an alternative to antibiotics for the conservative management of catheter-related bloodstream infection. However, no clear consensus on regimen or dose has been reached. AIM To find the ethanol-based lock solution containing a sufficiently low concentration of ethanol for reduction of the metabolic activity of bacterial and fungal biofilms. METHODS Using an in-vitro model, three concentrations of ethanol (25%, 40%, 70%) were tested, with and without 60 IU of heparin, at six different time-points and against 24 h preformed biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis (clinical isolate), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC33186, Candida albicans ATCC14058, and Escherichia coli ATCC25922. The reduction in the metabolic activity of the biofilm was measured using the tetrazolium salt assay and LT was considered to be successful when metabolic activity fell by >90%. Regrowth inhibition was then tested within 24 h and seven days after each LT regimen only at the ethanol concentration of the most successful LT regimen. FINDINGS The most successful LT was achieved with 40% ethanol + 60 IU of heparin only at 24, 72, and 24 h for seven-day regimens (P < 0.05). However, none of the regimens reached 45% RI within seven days of therapy. CONCLUSION According to our in-vitro data, an ethanol-based lock solution with 40% ethanol + 60 IU heparin administered daily for 72 h is sufficient to almost eradicate the metabolic activity of bacterial and fungal biofilms. Future studies are needed to study cell regrowth after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Pérez-Granda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Huerta
- Hematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Bouza
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - M Guembe
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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129
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Sjollema J, Zaat SAJ, Fontaine V, Ramstedt M, Luginbuehl R, Thevissen K, Li J, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. In vitro methods for the evaluation of antimicrobial surface designs. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:12-24. [PMID: 29432983 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on biomedical implants and devices are a major cause of their failure. As systemic antibiotic treatment is often ineffective, there is an urgent need for antimicrobial biomaterials and coatings. The term "antimicrobial" can encompass different mechanisms of action (here termed "antimicrobial surface designs"), such as antimicrobial-releasing, contact-killing or non-adhesivity. Biomaterials equipped with antimicrobial surface designs based on different mechanisms of action require different in vitro evaluation methods. Available industrial standard evaluation tests do not address the specific mechanisms of different antimicrobial surface designs and have therefore been modified over the past years, adding to the myriad of methods available in the literature to evaluate antimicrobial surface designs. The aim of this review is to categorize fourteen presently available methods including industrial standard tests for the in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial surface designs according to their suitability with respect to their antimicrobial mechanism of action. There is no single method or industrial test that allows to distinguish antimicrobial designs according to all three mechanisms identified here. However, critical consideration of each method clearly relates the different methods to a specific mechanism of antimicrobial action. It is anticipated that use of the provided table with the fourteen methods will avoid the use of wrong methods for evaluating new antimicrobial designs and therewith facilitate translation of novel antimicrobial biomaterials and coatings to clinical use. The need for more and better updated industrial standard tests is emphasized. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE European COST-action TD1305, IPROMEDAI aims to provide better understanding of mechanisms of antimicrobial surface designs of biomaterial implants and devices. Current industrial evaluation standard tests do not sufficiently account for different, advanced antimicrobial surface designs, yet are urgently needed to obtain convincing in vitro data for approval of animal experiments and clinical trials. This review aims to provide an innovative and clear guide to choose appropriate evaluation methods for three distinctly different mechanisms of antimicrobial design: (1) antimicrobial-releasing, (2) contact-killing and (3) non-adhesivity. Use of antimicrobial evaluation methods and definition of industrial standard tests, tailored toward the antimicrobial mechanism of the design, as identified here, fulfill a missing link in the translation of novel antimicrobial surface designs to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer Sjollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of BioMedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, CINIMA (Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Fontaine
- Unit of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Reto Luginbuehl
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, 2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jiuyi Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Xizhimenwai, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of BioMedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of BioMedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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130
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Garcia-Perez JE, Mathé L, Humblet-Baron S, Braem A, Lagrou K, Van Dijck P, Liston A. A Framework for Understanding the Evasion of Host Immunity by Candida Biofilms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:538. [PMID: 29616035 PMCID: PMC5864854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida biofilms are a major cause of nosocomial morbidity and mortality. The mechanism by which Candida biofilms evade the immune system remains unknown. In this perspective, we develop a theoretical framework of the three, not mutually exclusive, models, which could explain biofilm evasion of host immunity. First, biofilms may exhibit properties of immunological silence, preventing immune activation. Second, biofilms may produce immune-deviating factors, converting effective immunity into ineffective immunity. Third, biofilms may resist host immunity, which would otherwise be effective. Using a murine subcutaneous biofilm model, we found that mice infected with biofilms developed sterilizing immunity effective when challenged with yeast form Candida. Despite the induction of effective anti-Candida immunity, no spontaneous clearance of the biofilm was observed. These results support the immune resistance model of biofilm immune evasion and demonstrate an asymmetric relationship between the host and biofilms, with biofilms eliciting effective immune responses yet being resistant to immunological clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Mathé
- Center for Microbiology VIB - KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Center for Microbiology VIB - KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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131
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Loo CY, Lee WH, Lauretani G, Scalia S, Cipolla D, Traini D, Young P, Ong HX. Sweetening Inhaled Antibiotic Treatment for Eradication of Chronic Respiratory Biofilm Infection. Pharm Res 2018; 35:50. [PMID: 29417313 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The failure of chronic therapy with antibiotics to clear persistent respiratory infection is the key morbidity and mortality factor for patients with chronic lung diseases, primarily due to the presence of biofilm in the lungs. It is hypothesised that carbon sources, such as mannitol, could stimulate the metabolic activity of persister cells within biofilms and restore their susceptibility to antibiotics. The aims of the current study are to: (1) establish a representative in vitro model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm lung infection, and (2) investigate the effects of nebulised mannitol on antibiotic efficacy, focusing on ciprofloxacin, in the eradication of biofilm. METHOD Air interface biofilm was cultured onto Snapwell inserts incorporated into a modified pharmacopeia deposition apparatus, the Anderson Cascade Impactor (ACI). Three different formulations including mannitol only, ciprofloxacin only and combined ciprofloxacin and mannitol were nebulised onto the P. aeruginosa biofilm using the modified ACI. Antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated using colony-forming units counts, biofilm penetration and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Nebulised mannitol promotes the dispersion of bacteria from the biofilm and demonstrated a synergistic enhancement of the antibacterial efficacy of ciprofloxacin compared to delivery of antibiotic alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ciprofloxacin and mannitol may provide an important new strategy to improve antibiotic therapy for the treatment of chronic lung infections. Furthermore, the development of a representative lung model of bacterial biofilm could potentially be used as a platform for future new antimicrobial pre-clinical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yee Loo
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (RCMP UniKL), Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wing-Hin Lee
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (RCMP UniKL), Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Gianluca Lauretani
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Santo Scalia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - David Cipolla
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aradigm Corporation, Hayward, California, USA
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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132
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Klein P, Sojka M, Kucera J, Matonohova J, Pavlik V, Nemec J, Kubickova G, Slavkovsky R, Szuszkiewicz K, Danek P, Rozkot M, Velebny V. A porcine model of skin wound infected with a polybacterial biofilm. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:226-236. [PMID: 29405092 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1425684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A clinically relevant porcine model of a biofilm-infected wound was established in 10 minipigs. The wounds of six experimental animals were infected with a modified polymicrobial Lubbock chronic wound biofilm consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Four animals served as uninfected controls. The wounds were monitored until they had healed for 24 days. The biofilm persisted in the wounds up to day 14 and significantly affected healing. The control to infected healed wound area ratios were: 45%/21%, 66%/37%, and 90%/57% on days 7, 10 and 14, respectively. The implanted biofilm prolonged inflammation, increased necrosis, delayed granulation and impaired development of the extracellular matrix as seen in histological and gene expression analyses. This model provides a therapeutic one-week window for testing of anti-biofilm treatments and for research on the pathogenesis of wound infections in pig that is clinically the most relevant animal wound healing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Klein
- a Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen , Charles University , Pilsen , Czech Republic
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sojka
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- c Faculty of Medicine , Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Jan Kucera
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- d Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
- e Czech Centre for Phenogenomics , Institute of Molecular Genetics/BIOCEV , Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Matonohova
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Pavlik
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- f Department of Dermatology, Third Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Nemec
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
| | | | - Rastislav Slavkovsky
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- g Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Szuszkiewicz
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- h Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , University of Pardubice , Pardubice , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Danek
- i Department of Pig Breeding , Institute of Animal Science , Kostelec nad Orlici , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Rozkot
- i Department of Pig Breeding , Institute of Animal Science , Kostelec nad Orlici , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
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133
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Kart D, Kustimur AS, Sağıroğlu M, Kalkancı A. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Durability and Anti-Biofilm Effects in Urinary Catheters Against Enterococcus faecalis Clinical Isolates and Reference Strains. Balkan Med J 2018; 34:546-552. [PMID: 29215338 PMCID: PMC5785660 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2016.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans biofilms are major causes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial-coated or impregnated urinary catheters are seen as a possible way to prevent these infections. AIMS To determine the biofilm-forming ability of 89 E. faecalis isolates from urinary tract infections and to compare several urinary catheters for antimicrobial durability and the inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of different laboratory strains and clinical isolates of E. faecalis. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experimental study. METHODS The biofilm forming ability of E. faecalis isolates was determined by the crystal violet staining and plate counting methods. For comparison of urinary catheters, biofilms of 45 E. faecalis isolates from the catheter samples of hospitalized patients and five laboratory strains of E. coli ATCC25922, S. epidermidis ATCC35984, P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, E. faecalis ATCC29212 and C. albicans ATCC90028 were formed on the catheters in 24-well tissue culture plates. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to observe biofilms. RESULTS All 89 E. faecalis isolates were found to be biofilm positive. Nitrofurazone-impregnated catheters significantly reduced the cell counts of E. faecalis isolates and completely inhibited the formation of P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis biofilms compared with the others. Regarding reduction of biofilm cell counts, a hydrophilic-coated catheter was more effective against P. aeruginosa, whereas a silver-coated catheter was found to be more effective against S. epidermidis. The nitrofurazone-impregnated catheter had the best antimicrobial durability. CONCLUSION Urine isolates of E. faecalis had considerable ability with respect to biofilm formation. The nitrofurazone-impregnated catheter was the most effective against all tested bacteria; however, the effect of a hydrophilic or silver-coated catheter depends on the species present in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Semra Kustimur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Sağıroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kalkancı
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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134
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Vazquez-Rodriguez A, Vasto-Anzaldo XG, Barboza Perez D, Vázquez-Garza E, Chapoy-Villanueva H, García-Rivas G, Garza-Cervantes JA, Gómez-Lugo JJ, Gomez-Loredo AE, Garza Gonzalez MT, Zarate X, Morones-Ramirez JR. Microbial Competition of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UANL-001L and E. coli increase biosynthesis of Non-Toxic Exopolysaccharide with Applications as a Wide-Spectrum Antimicrobial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:798. [PMID: 29335484 PMCID: PMC5768876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial species are able to colonize and establish communities in biotic and abiotic surfaces. Moreover, within the past five decades, incidence of bacterial strains resistant to currently used antibiotics has increased dramatically. This has led to diverse health issues and economical losses for different industries. Therefore, there is a latent need to develop new and more efficient antimicrobials. This work reports an increased production of an exopolysaccharide in a native yeast strain isolated from the Mexican Northeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UANL-001L, when co-cultured with E. coli. The exopolysaccharide produced is chemically and physically characterized and its applications as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm are explored. The exopolysaccharide is capable of inhibiting planktonic growth and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the exopolysaccharide studied here does not exhibit cytotoxic effects when assessed both, in vitro against an H9c2 mammalian cell line, and in vivo in a murine toxicity model. Taken together, the properties of this exopolysaccharide indicate that it has potential applications to inhibit bacterial colonization in medical and industrial settlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Vazquez-Rodriguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Ximena G Vasto-Anzaldo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Daniel Barboza Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vázquez-Garza
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular. Escuela de Medicina. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica. Hospital Zambrano-Hellion. Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Héctor Chapoy-Villanueva
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular. Escuela de Medicina. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica. Hospital Zambrano-Hellion. Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular. Escuela de Medicina. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica. Hospital Zambrano-Hellion. Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Javier A Garza-Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jéssica J Gómez-Lugo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Alma Elizabeth Gomez-Loredo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Maria Teresa Garza Gonzalez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Xristo Zarate
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico
| | - Jose Ruben Morones-Ramirez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Pedro de Alba, S/N, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico. .,Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. Parque de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico.
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135
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Mechanistic studies of the antibiofilm activity and synergy with antibiotics of isosorbide mononitrate. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:50-56. [PMID: 29305985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of nitric oxide (NO), a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent, as an alternative strategy to combat bacterial biofilms has recently gained considerable momentum in light of the global threat of emerging antibiotic resistance. While previous NO-based anti-biofilm approaches were aimed at killing bacterial cells within biofilms, NO has also been recently identified as a key mediator of biofilm dispersal, causing the release of cells from the biofilm community. This is of great interest towards the design of more effective anti-biofilm strategies but further studies are warranted to validate this concept. Therefore, in the present study we investigated whether a NO precursor, isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) or its analogue D-isosorbide can induce bacteria cell dispersal from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms and explored the potential synergy of ISMN and the antimicrobial compounds mupirocin and ciprofloxacin in biofilm eradication. This study demonstrate that ISMN causes dispersal of S. aureus biofilm bacteria, particularly when exposed to high levels of drug. ISMN at 60mg/mL increased the number of colony forming units (CFU) (~3log10 and ~5log10) of planktonic bacteria after 6 and 24-h exposure respectively, compared to control biofilms. This suggests that ISMN induces the transition of sessile biofilm cells to free-swimming planktonic cells. In addition, ISMN exhibits synergistic effects against S. aureus biofilms with ciprofloxacin when tested above its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Specifically, exposure to ISMN significantly enhanced the efficacy of ciprofloxacin by reducing the number of CFU (~3log10 or ~2log10) of biofilm-associated and planktonic bacteria respectively, compared to drug alone. Combined exposure to both ISMN and certain antimicrobial agents may therefore offer an innovative approach to control persistent biofilm and biofilm-associated infections.
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136
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Butini ME, Gonzalez Moreno M, Czuban M, Koliszak A, Tkhilaishvili T, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. Real-Time Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assay of Planktonic and Biofilm Bacteria by Isothermal Microcalorimetry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1214:61-77. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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137
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She D, Wang H, Yan X, Hu W, Zhang W, Li J, Wu C, Xia Y. The counter-balance between ammonia absorption and the stimulation of volatilization by periphyton in shallow aquatic systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:21-27. [PMID: 28760391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is one of the main pathways of nitrogen (N). The aim of this work was to investigate the determinants of NH3 volatilization, and characterize how the overlying water, sediment, and periphyton interact to regulate the rates of NH3 volatilization in shallow aquatic systems. Two types of structural equation modeling (SEM) methods ('elements' and 'components' models) were evaluated to examine the complex multivariate response of NH3 volatilization. The N components and the pH in the 'elements' models exerted significant and positive effects on NH3 volatilization. The water column accounted for the greatest variation of NH3 volatilization in a favorable pH environment and high NH4+-N concentrations according to the 'components' models. Although periphyton biofilm prohibited the direct flow of NH3 gas, this was counter-balanced by its indirect stimulation effects that positively affected the NH4+-N and DOC concentrations and the pH in both the overlying water and the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli She
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hongde Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Hu
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiuyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongqiu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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138
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Zacchino SA, Butassi E, Cordisco E, Svetaz LA. Hybrid combinations containing natural products and antimicrobial drugs that interfere with bacterial and fungal biofilms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 37:14-26. [PMID: 29174600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms contribute to the pathogenesis of many chronic and difficult-to eradicate infections whose treatment is complicated due to the intrinsic resistance to conventional antibiotics. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for strategies that can be used for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated infections. The combination therapy comprising an antimicrobial drug with a low molecular weight (MW) natural product and an antimicrobial drug (antifungal or antibacterial) appeared as a good alternative to eradicate biofilms. PURPOSE The aims of this review were to perform a literature search on the different natural products that have showed the ability of potentiating the antibiofilm capacity of antimicrobial drugs, to analyze which are the antimicrobial drugs most used in combination, and to have a look on the microbial species most used to prepare biofilms. RESULTS Seventeen papers, nine on combinations against antifungal biofilms and eight against antibacterial biofilms were collected. Within the text, the following topics have been developed: breaf history of the discovery of biofilms; stages in the development of a biofilm; the most used methodologies to assess antibiofilm-activity; the natural products with capacity of eradicating biofilms when acting alone; the combinations of low MW natural products with antibiotics or antifungal drugs as a strategy for eradicating microbial biofilms and a list of the low MW natural products that potentiate the inhibition capacity of antifungal and antibacterial drugs against biofilms. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Regarding combinations against antifungal biofilms, eight over the nine collected works were carried out with in vitro studies while only one was performed with in vivo assays by using Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. All studies use biofilms of the Candida genus. A 67% of the potentiators were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and six over the nine works used FCZ as the antifungal drug. The activity of AmpB and Caspo was enhanced in one and two works respectively. Regarding combinations against bacterial biofilms, in vitro studies were performed in all works by using several different methods of higher variety than the used against fungal biofilms. Biofilms of both the gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria were prepared, although biofilm of Staphylococcus spp. were the most used in the collected works. Among the discovered potentiators of antibacterial drugs, 75% were terpenes, including mono, di- and triterpenes, and, among the atibacterial drugs, several structurally diverse types were used in the combinations: aminoglycosides, β-lactams, glucopeptides and fluoroquinolones. The potentiating capacity of natural products, mainly terpenes, on the antibiofilm effect of antimicrobial drugs opens a wide range of possibilities for the combination antimicrobial therapy. More in vivo studies on combinations of natural products with antimicrobial drugs acting against biofilms are highly required to cope the difficult to treat biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Zacchino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Estefanía Butassi
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Cordisco
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Laura A Svetaz
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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139
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Giles C, Lamont-Friedrich SJ, Michl TD, Griesser HJ, Coad BR. The importance of fungal pathogens and antifungal coatings in medical device infections. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:264-280. [PMID: 29199134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has been collated on the contributions of fungal species, particularly Candida, to medical device infections. Fungal species can form biofilms by themselves or by participating in polymicrobial biofilms with bacteria. Thus, there is a clear need for effective preventative measures, such as thin coatings that can be applied onto medical devices to stop the attachment, proliferation, and formation of device-associated biofilms. However, fungi being eukaryotes, the challenge is greater than for bacterial infections because antifungal agents are often toxic towards eukaryotic host cells. Whilst there is extensive literature on antibacterial coatings, a far lesser body of literature exists on surfaces or coatings that prevent attachment and biofilm formation on medical devices by fungal pathogens. Here we review strategies for the design and fabrication of medical devices with antifungal surfaces. We also survey the microbiology literature on fundamental mechanisms by which fungi attach and spread on natural and synthetic surfaces. Research in this field requires close collaboration between biomaterials scientists, microbiologists and clinicians; we consider progress in the molecular understanding of fungal recognition of, and attachment to, suitable surfaces, and of ensuing metabolic changes, to be essential for designing rational approaches towards effective antifungal coatings, rather than empirical trial of coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giles
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Lamont-Friedrich
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas D Michl
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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140
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms: Role in pathogenicity and potential impact for vaccination development. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 19:17-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s146625231700010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae. It is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses in the global pork industry. The disease may present itself as a chronic or an acute infection characterized by severe pathology, including hemorrhage, fibrinous and necrotic lung lesions, and, in the worst cases, rapid death. A. pleuropneumoniae is transmitted via aerosol route, direct contact with infected pigs, and by the farm environment. Many virulence factors associated with this bacterium are well characterized. However, much less is known about the role of biofilm, a sessile mode of growth that may have a critical impact on A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity. Here we review the current knowledge on A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm, factors associated with biofilm formation and dispersion, and the impact of biofilm on the pathogenesis A. pleuropneumoniae. We also provide an overview of current vaccination strategies against A. pleuropneumoniae and consider the possible role of biofilms vaccines for controlling the disease.
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141
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Guembe M, Alonso B, Lucio J, Pérez-Granda MJ, Cruces R, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Fernández-Cruz A, Bouza E. Biofilm production is not associated with poor clinical outcome in 485 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:659.e1-659.e3. [PMID: 29111401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus biofilm may constitute a major cause of virulence. Our main objective was to analyse whether there was an association between biofilm production and poor outcome in patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. METHODS We studied 485 S. aureus strains isolated from the blood of patients with bacteraemia from 2012 to 2015. We assessed in vitro biomass production using crystal violet assay and metabolic activity using tetrazolium salt assay. Strains were classified in tertile ranks as follows: low biomass producers, moderate biomass producers, high biomass producers, low metabolic activity, moderate metabolic activity and high metabolic activity. We excluded from analysis strains with moderate crystal violet and tetrazolium salt values. We defined poor outcome as fulfillment of one or more of the following conditions: 30-day attributable mortality, infective endocarditis, persistent bacteraemia and recurrent bacteraemia. RESULTS Outcome was poor in 199 (41.0%) of 485 S. aureus bacteraemia episodes. The distribution of poor outcome with respect to biomass production and metabolic activity was as follows: low biomass producers, 36.6% vs. high biomass producers, 43.2% (p 0.26); and low metabolic activity, 43.5% vs. high metabolic activity, 36.2% (p 0.91). The presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was the only characteristic that was more likely to be present in the high metabolic activity group (17.4% vs. 39.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Biofilm production, as determined by any of the methods used in the present study, is not associated with poor outcome in patients with S. aureus bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guembe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Alonso
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Lucio
- School of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Pérez-Granda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Cruces
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sánchez-Carrillo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Cruz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
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142
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Murray CK, Hamblin MR, Hooper DC, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of pathogenic microbes: State of the art. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 33-35:1-22. [PMID: 29145971 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As an innovative non-antibiotic approach, antimicrobial blue light in the spectrum of 400-470nm has demonstrated its intrinsic antimicrobial properties resulting from the presence of endogenous photosensitizing chromophores in pathogenic microbes and, subsequently, its promise as a counteracter of antibiotic resistance. Since we published our last review of antimicrobial blue light in 2012, there have been a substantial number of new studies reported in this area. Here we provide an updated overview of the findings from the new studies over the past 5 years, including the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light inactivation of different microbes, its mechanism of action, synergism of antimicrobial blue light with other angents, its effect on host cells and tissues, the potential development of resistance to antimicrobial blue light by microbes, and a novel interstitial delivery approach of antimicrobial blue light. The potential new applications of antimicrobial blue light are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Center, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Digital Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Clinton K Murray
- Infectious Disease Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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143
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Jensen LK, Johansen ASB, Jensen HE. Porcine Models of Biofilm Infections with Focus on Pathomorphology. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1961. [PMID: 29067019 PMCID: PMC5641329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation is one of the main reasons for a negative treatment outcome and a high recurrence rate for many chronic infections in humans. The optimal way to study both the biofilm forming bacteria and the host response simultaneously is by using discriminative, reliable, and reproducible animal models of the infections. In this review, the advantages of in vivo studies are compared to in vitro studies of biofilm formation in infectious diseases. The pig is the animal of choice when developing and applying large animal models of infectious diseases due to its similarity of anatomy, physiology, and immune system to humans. Furthermore, conventional pigs spontaneously develop many of the same chronic bacterial infections as seen in humans. Therefore, in this review porcine models of five different infectious diseases all associated with biofilm formation and chronicity in humans are described. The infectious diseases are: chronic wounds, endocarditis, pyelonephritis, hematogenous osteomyelitis, and implant-associated osteomyelitis (IAO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Jensen
- Section for Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anne S B Johansen
- Section for Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Section for Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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144
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Xu B, Wei Q, Mettetal MR, Han J, Rau L, Tie J, May RM, Pathe ET, Reddy ST, Sullivan L, Parker AE, Maul DH, Brennan AB, Mann EE. Surface micropattern reduces colonization and medical device-associated infections. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1692-1698. [PMID: 28984233 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Surface microtopography offers a promising approach for infection control. The goal of this study was to provide evidence that micropatterned surfaces significantly reduce the potential risk of medical device-associated infections. METHODOLOGY Micropatterned and smooth surfaces were challenged in vitro against the colonization and transference of two representative bacterial pathogens - Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A percutaneous rat model was used to assess the effectiveness of the micropattern against device-associated S. aureus infections. After the percutaneous insertion of silicone rods into (healthy or immunocompromised) rats, their backs were inoculated with S. aureus. The bacterial burdens were determined in tissues under the rods and in the spleens. RESULTS The micropatterns reduced adherence by S. aureus (92.3 and 90.5 % reduction for flat and cylindrical surfaces, respectively), while P. aeruginosa colonization was limited by 99.9 % (flat) and 95.5 % (cylindrical). The micropatterned surfaces restricted transference by 95.1 % for S. aureus and 94.9 % for P. aeruginosa, compared to smooth surfaces. Rats with micropatterned devices had substantially fewer S. aureus in subcutaneous tissues (91 %) and spleens (88 %) compared to those with smooth ones. In a follow-up study, immunocompromised rats with micropatterned devices had significantly lower bacterial burdens on devices (99.5 and 99.9 % reduction on external and internal segments, respectively), as well as in subcutaneous tissues (97.8 %) and spleens (90.7 %) compared to those with smooth devices. CONCLUSION Micropatterned surfaces exhibited significantly reduced colonization and transference in vitro, as well as lower bacterial burdens in animal models. These results indicate that introducing this micropattern onto surfaces has high potential to reduce medical device-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Xu
- Sharklet Technologies, Inc., Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Qiuhua Wei
- Institute of Disease Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Jie Han
- Institute of Disease Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lindsey Rau
- PreClinical Research Services, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jinfeng Tie
- Institute of Disease Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rhea M May
- Sharklet Technologies, Inc., Aurora, CO, USA
- Present address: Medtronics, 6135 Gunbarrel Ave, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Sullivan
- Veterinarian Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Albert E Parker
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Donald H Maul
- PreClinical Research Services, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anthony B Brennan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and J. Clayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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145
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Kolouchová I, Maťátková O, Paldrychová M, Kodeš Z, Kvasničková E, Sigler K, Čejková A, Šmidrkal J, Demnerová K, Masák J. Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and baicalein: plant-derived anti-biofilm agents. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:261-272. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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146
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Gomes IB, Meireles A, Gonçalves AL, Goeres DM, Sjollema J, Simões LC, Simões M. Standardized reactors for the study of medical biofilms: a review of the principles and latest modifications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:657-670. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1380601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inês B. Gomes
- LEPABE – Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Meireles
- LEPABE – Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Gonçalves
- LEPABE – Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Darla M. Goeres
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lúcia C. Simões
- LEPABE – Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE – Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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147
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A Human Biofilm-Disrupting Monoclonal Antibody Potentiates Antibiotic Efficacy in Rodent Models of both Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00904-17. [PMID: 28717038 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00904-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many serious bacterial infections are antibiotic refractory due to biofilm formation. A key structural component of biofilm is extracellular DNA, which is stabilized by bacterial proteins, including those from the DNABII family. TRL1068 is a high-affinity human monoclonal antibody against a DNABII epitope conserved across both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. In the present study, the efficacy of TRL1068 for the disruption of biofilm was demonstrated in vitro in the absence of antibiotics by scanning electron microscopy. The in vivo efficacy of this antibody was investigated in a well-characterized catheter-induced aortic valve infective endocarditis model in rats infected with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain with the ability to form thick biofilms, obtained from the blood of a patient with persistent clinical infection. Animals were treated with vancomycin alone or in combination with TRL1068. MRSA burdens in cardiac vegetations and within intracardiac catheters, kidneys, spleen, and liver showed significant reductions in the combination arm versus vancomycin alone (P < 0.001). A trend toward mortality reduction was also observed (P = 0.09). In parallel, the in vivo efficacy of TRL1068 against a multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolate was explored by using an established mouse model of skin and soft tissue catheter-related biofilm infection. Catheter segments infected with A. baumannii were implanted subcutaneously into mice; animals were treated with imipenem alone or in combination with TRL1068. The combination showed a significant reduction of catheter-adherent bacteria versus the antibiotic alone (P < 0.001). TRL1068 shows excellent promise as an adjunct to standard-of-care antibiotics for a broad range of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
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148
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Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Chen AF. The Impact of Incorporating Antimicrobials into Implant Surfaces. J Dent Res 2017; 97:14-22. [PMID: 28922615 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517731768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in numbers of joint replacements, spinal surgeries, and dental implantations, there is an urgent need to combat implant-associated infection. In addition to stringent sterile techniques, an efficacious way to prevent this destructive complication is to create new implants with antimicrobial properties. Specifically, these implants must be active in the dental implant environment where the implant is bathed in the glycoprotein-rich salivary fluids that enhance bacterial adhesion, and propagation, and biofilm formation. However, in designing an antimicrobial surface, a balance must be struck between antimicrobial activity and the need for the implant to interact with the bone environment. Three types of surfaces have been designed to combat biofilm formation, while attempting to maintain osseous interactions: 1) structured surfaces where topography, usually at the nanoscale, decreases bacterial adhesion sufficiently to retard establishment of infection; 2) surfaces that actively elute antimicrobials to avert bacterial adhesion and promote killing; and 3) surfaces containing permanently bonded agents that generate antimicrobial surfaces that prevent long-term bacterial adhesion. Both topographical and elution surfaces exhibit varying, albeit limited, antimicrobial activity in vitro. With respect to covalent coupling, we present studies on the ability of the permanent antimicrobial surfaces to kill organisms while fostering osseointegration. All approaches have significant drawbacks with respect to stability and efficacy, but the permanent surfaces may have an edge in creating a long-term antibacterial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Hickok
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I M Shapiro
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A F Chen
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,2 The Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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149
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Dall GF, Tsang STJ, Gwynne PJ, Wilkinson AJ, Simpson AHRW, Breusch SJB, Gallagher MP. The dissolvable bead: A novel in vitro biofilm model for evaluating antimicrobial resistance. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 142:46-51. [PMID: 28870772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro biofilm assays are a vital first step in the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness. Current biofilm models have been found to be limited by throughput, reproducibility, and cost. We present a novel in vitro biofilm model, utilising a sodium alginate substratum for surface biofilm colony formation, which can be readily dissolved for accurate evaluation of viable organisms. The dissolving bead biofilm assay was evaluated using a range of clinically relevant strains. The reproducibility and responsiveness of the assay to an antimicrobial challenge was assessed using standardised methods. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to image biofilm colonies. Biofilms were grown for 20h prior to testing. The model provides a reproducible and responsive assay to clinically-relevant antimicrobial challenges, as defined by established guidelines. Moreover cryo-scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that biofilm formation is localised exclusively to the alginate bead surface. Our results suggest that this simple model provides a robust and adaptable assay for the investigation of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Dall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic surgery, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's building, 49 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - S T J Tsang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic surgery, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's building, 49 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom.
| | - P J Gwynne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - A J Wilkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - A H R W Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's building, 49 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - S J B Breusch
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - M P Gallagher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
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150
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Guo Z, Huang J, Yan G, Lei L, Wang S, Yu L, Zhou L, Gao A, Feng X, Han W, Gu J, Yang J. Identification and Characterization of Dpo42, a Novel Depolymerase Derived from the Escherichia coli Phage vB_EcoM_ECOO78. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1460. [PMID: 28824588 PMCID: PMC5539073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation, one of the most important virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, protects bacteria against desiccation, antibiotics, phages and host immune responses. However, phage-derived depolymerases show antibiofilm activity and demonstrate great potential to treat infections caused by biofilm-forming bacteria. In this study, the Escherichia coli phage vB_EcoM_ECOO78 was isolated and characterised, and we observed its ability to lyse five out of 34 tested E. coli clinical isolates. The highest phage titre was observed at a multiplicity of infection of 10-5 and a burst size of approximately 74 plaque forming units (PFU)/infection. Electron micrographs indicated that vB_EcoM_ECOO78 belongs to the family Myoviridae. The presence of increasing halos surrounding the lysis plaques formed by vB_EcoM_ECOO78 indicated that this phage may encode a depolymerase. Based on a sequencing analysis, the complete genome of vB_EcoM_ECOO78 was found to be 41,289 bp in size, with a GC content of 53.07%. Additionally, vB_EcoM_ECOO78 has 56 predicted open reading frames, 51 (91.07%) of which are assumed to be functional. A BLAST analysis indicated that ORF42 of vB_EcoM_ECOO78 (Dpo42) has low identity with other reported phage-associated depolymerases. Dpo42 was expressed and purified as a soluble protein using E. coli BL21. The biofilm formation ability of E. coli isolates and the antibiofilm activity of Dpo42 were tested by performing spot assays and using a 96-well micro-titre plate method. Dpo42 degraded the capsular polysaccharides surrounding E. coli and exhibited dose-dependent biofilm-formation prevention activity. Based on these results, Dpo42 appears to be a novel phage-derived depolymerase that represents a new potential strategy for preventing E. coli biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Guangmou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Anchong Gao
- Agricultural Experiment Base, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
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