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Real-Time Reduction of Task-Related Scalp-Hemodynamics Artifact in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Sliding-Window Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an effective non-invasive neuroimaging technique for measuring hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral cortex. Owing to the nature of fNIRS measurement principles, measured signals can be contaminated with task-related scalp blood flow (SBF), which is distributed over the whole head and masks true brain activity. Aiming for fNIRS-based real-time application, we proposed a real-time task-related SBF artifact reduction method. Using a principal component analysis, we estimated a global temporal pattern of SBF from few short-channels, then we applied a general linear model for removing it from long-channels that were possibly contaminated by SBF. Sliding-window analysis was applied for both signal steps for real-time processing. To assess the performance, a semi-real simulation was executed with measured short-channel signals in a motor-task experiment. Compared with conventional techniques with no elements of SBF, the proposed method showed significantly higher estimation performance for true brain activation under a task-related SBF artifact environment.
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102
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Tsubaki A, Takehara N, Sato D, Morishita S, Tokunaga Y, Sugawara K, Kojima S, Tamaki H, Yamazaki Y, Onishi H. Cortical Oxyhemoglobin Elevation Persists After Moderate-Intensity Cycling Exercise: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 977:261-268. [PMID: 28685455 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure cortical activity during gross motor tasks based on the cerebral hemodynamic response. Although some reports suggest that cycling exercise improves cortical oxygenation, its after-effects are unknown. We examined the after-effects of low- and moderate-intensity cycling exercise on cortical oxygenation. Ten healthy volunteers (mean age 21.3 ± 0.7 years; 4 women) underwent cycle ergometer exercise at 30% or 50% of VO2peak for 20 min, followed by an 8-min post-exercise rest (PER). O2Hb levels of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and sensorimotor cortex (SMC) were recorded using a near-infrared spectroscopy system. Skin blood flow (SBF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were continuously measured. The peak values of O2Hb between exercise and PER were compared. The O2Hb, SBF, and MAP increased in the exercise phase. SBF degraded over time, and MAP decreased immediately after exercise. The O2Hb decreased immediately and increased again in the PER. There were no significant differences between exercise and PER in the SMC in the 30% VO2peak experiment or in the SMA and SMC in the 50% VO2peak experiment. The O2Hb in the motor-related area was elevated during both exercise and PER especially in the 50% VO2peak experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Nana Takehara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yuta Tokunaga
- Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, 761, Kizaki, Kita-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-3304, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
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103
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Pfeifer MD, Scholkmann F, Labruyère R. Signal Processing in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): Methodological Differences Lead to Different Statistical Results. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:641. [PMID: 29358912 PMCID: PMC5766679 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though research in the field of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been performed for more than 20 years, consensus on signal processing methods is still lacking. A significant knowledge gap exists between established researchers and those entering the field. One major issue regularly observed in publications from researchers new to the field is the failure to consider possible signal contamination by hemodynamic changes unrelated to neurovascular coupling (i.e., scalp blood flow and systemic blood flow). This might be due to the fact that these researchers use the signal processing methods provided by the manufacturers of their measurement device without an advanced understanding of the performed steps. The aim of the present study was to investigate how different signal processing approaches (including and excluding approaches that partially correct for the possible signal contamination) affect the results of a typical functional neuroimaging study performed with fNIRS. In particular, we evaluated one standard signal processing method provided by a commercial company and compared it to three customized approaches. We thereby investigated the influence of the chosen method on the statistical outcome of a clinical data set (task-evoked motor cortex activity). No short-channels were used in the present study and therefore two types of multi-channel corrections based on multiple long-channels were applied. The choice of the signal processing method had a considerable influence on the outcome of the study. While methods that ignored the contamination of the fNIRS signals by task-evoked physiological noise yielded several significant hemodynamic responses over the whole head, the statistical significance of these findings disappeared when accounting for part of the contamination using a multi-channel regression. We conclude that adopting signal processing methods that correct for physiological confounding effects might yield more realistic results in cases where multi-distance measurements are not possible. Furthermore, we recommend using manufacturers' standard signal processing methods only in case the user has an advanced understanding of every signal processing step performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa D. Pfeifer
- Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rob Labruyère
- Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lancia S, Cofini V, Carrieri M, Ferrari M, Quaresima V. Are ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices involved in the computerized Corsi block-tapping test execution? An fNIRS study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:011019. [PMID: 29376100 PMCID: PMC5774174 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.1.011019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Corsi block-tapping test (CBT) is an old neuropsychological test that, requiring the storage and the reproduction of spatial locations, assesses spatial working memory (WM). Despite its wide use in clinical practice, the specific contribution of prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions during CBT execution has not been clarified yet. Considering the importance of spatial WM in daily life and the well-known role of ventrolateral-PFC/dorsolateral-PFC (VLPFC/DLPFC) in WM processes, the present study was aimed at investigating, by a 20-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system (including four short-separation channels), the hemodynamic response of the VLPFC/DLPFC during a computerized version of the CBT. Thirty-nine university students were asked to perform CBT standard version (CBTs), block-suppression CBT (CBTb), and control task (CBTc). A VLPFC activation during CBTs and a DLPFC activation during CBTb were hypothesized. The results of the Bayesian analysis have not shown a delineated specific activation of VLPFC/DLPFC during either CBTs or CBTb. These results together with the related ones obtained by others using fMRI are not sufficient to definitively state the role of the PFC subregions during CBT execution. The adoption of high-density diffuse optical tomography would be helpful in further exploration of the PFC involvement in spatial WM tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lancia
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marika Carrieri
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
- Address all correspondence to: Valentina Quaresima, E-mail:
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105
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Zimeo Morais GA, Scholkmann F, Balardin JB, Furucho RA, de Paula RCV, Biazoli CE, Sato JR. Non-neuronal evoked and spontaneous hemodynamic changes in the anterior temporal region of the human head may lead to misinterpretations of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:011002. [PMID: 28840166 PMCID: PMC5566266 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.1.011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Several functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies report their findings based on changes of a single chromophore, usually concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin ([[Formula: see text]]) or deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb). However, influence of physiological actions may differ depending on which element is considered and the assumption that the chosen measure correlates with the neural response of interest might not hold. By assessing the correlation between [[Formula: see text]] and [HHb] in task-evoked activity as well as resting-state data, we identified a spatial dependency of non-neuronal hemodynamic changes in the anterior temporal region of the human head. Our findings support the importance of reporting and discussing fNIRS outcomes obtained with both chromophores ([[Formula: see text]] and [HHb]), in particular, for studies concerning the anterior temporal region of the human head. This practice should help to achieve a physiologically correct interpretation of the results when no measurements with short-distance channels are available while employing continuous-wave fNIRS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joana Bisol Balardin
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Akira Furucho
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center for Mathematics Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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106
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Tsuchiya K, Mitsui S, Fukuyama R, Yamaya N, Fujita T, Shimoda K, Tozato F. An acute bout of housework activities has beneficial effects on executive function. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:61-72. [PMID: 29339923 PMCID: PMC5746069 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although acute bouts of exercise reportedly have beneficial effects on executive function, inactive people may find it difficult to start exercising. In this study, we focused on housework activities (HAs) that generate a sense of accomplishment and require a mild intensity of physical activity. We examined the impact of an acute bout of HA on executive function and oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) flow to related cortical regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five participants (age, 18-21 years; mean, 19.88±0.60 years; six males and 19 females) underwent two experiments, ie, HA and control experiments, which were conducted on different days. Participants vacuumed a dirty floor in the HA experiment and mimicked the same motion with an unplugged vacuum cleaner on a clean floor in the control experiment. RESULTS Heart rate recorded during the experiments showed no significant difference in the intensity of physical activity between control and HA groups. A questionnaire revealed a sense of accomplishment after completing the HA experiment. Participants performed the Stroop color-word task (SCWT) pre- and post-experiments; cortical hemodynamic changes were simultaneously monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Variation in Stroop interference scores for SCWT total response between pre- and post-experiments was signifi-cantly higher in the HA group than in the control group, and that for SCWT correct response showed a similar trend. Variation in the Stroop interference score for oxy-Hb flow to the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (R-VLPFC) showed the same trend. CONCLUSION Thus, HAs may have a greater beneficial effect on executive function than other physical activities through the activation of PFC, including R-VLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
| | - Shinichi Mitsui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
| | - Ryuji Fukuyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Gunma Seishi Ryougoen, Gunma
| | - Noriki Yamaya
- Department of Health Sciences, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma
| | - Takaaki Fujita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimoda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
| | - Fusae Tozato
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma
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107
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Tsubaki A, Morishita S, Tokunaga Y, Sato D, Tamaki H, Yamazaki Y, Qin W, Onishi H. Changes in Cerebral Oxyhaemoglobin Levels During and After a Single 20-Minute Bout of Moderate-Intensity Cycling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1072:127-131. [PMID: 30178334 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise produces changes in cerebral oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb) concentration; however, the effects of exercise on O2Hb during the post-exercise period remain to be established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate O2Hb levels during and after a 20-min bout of moderate-intensity cycling exercise. After a 3-min rest period, 12 healthy volunteers (9 women, 3 men) cycled for 20 min at an intensity corresponding to 50% of their VO2max, after which they were monitored during a 15-min post-exercise rest period. O2Hb levels in the right (R-PFC) and left prefrontal cortices (L-PFC), right (R-PMA) and left premotor areas (L-PMA), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary motor cortex (M1) were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare mean pre-exercise O2Hb levels with O2Hb levels during the last 5 min of exercise and the last 5 min of the post-exercise rest period. O2Hb levels increased significantly (p < 0.01) between the pre-exercise rest period and the last 5 min of the exercise session for each region of interest (range: 0.040-0.085 mM·cm). O2Hb levels did not return to pre-exercise values during the 15-min post-exercise rest period. O2Hb levels during the last 5 min of the post-exercise rest period were significantly higher than pre-exercise values in the L-PFC, L-PMA, SMA, and M1 (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that cortical oxygenation persists for at least 15 min following a 20-min bout of moderate-intensity cycling, and that aerobic exercise may facilitate neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Weixiang Qin
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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108
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Ohyanagi H, Tsubaki A, Morishita S, Obata H, Qin W, Onishi H. Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation Levels During Cycling in the Supine and Upright Positions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1072:133-137. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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109
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Vitorio R, Stuart S, Rochester L, Alcock L, Pantall A. fNIRS response during walking — Artefact or cortical activity? A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:160-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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110
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Kato T, Sakai N, Watanabe Y, Nomura S. Possibility of over-diagnosis of bipolar disorder due to near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:843. [PMID: 28776869 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Kato
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan.,Rokubancho Mental Clinic, Japan Depression Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Soichiro Nomura
- Rokubancho Mental Clinic, Japan Depression Center, Tokyo, Japan
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111
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Bosch BM, Bringard A, Ferretti G, Schwartz S, Iglói K. Effect of cerebral vasomotion during physical exercise on associative memory, a near-infrared spectroscopy study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:041404. [PMID: 28785600 PMCID: PMC5526475 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been shown to benefit neurocognitive functions, especially enhancing neurogenesis in the hippocampus. However, the effects of a single exercise session on cognitive functions are controversial. To address this issue, we measured hemodynamic changes in the brain during physical exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and investigated related effects on memory consolidation processes. Healthy young participants underwent two experimental visits. During each visit, they performed an associative memory task in which they first encoded a series of pictures, then spent 30-min exercising or resting, and finally were asked to recall the picture associations. We used NIRS to track changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration over the prefrontal cortex during exercise and rest. To characterize local tissue oxygenation and perfusion, we focused on low frequency oscillations in NIRS, also called vasomotion. We report a significant increase in associative memory consolidation after exercise, as compared to after rest, along with an overall increase in vasomotion. Additionally, performance improvement after exercise correlated positively with power in the neurogenic component (0.02 to 0.04 Hz) and negatively with power in the endothelial component (0.003 to 0.02 Hz). Overall, these results suggest that changes in vasomotion over the prefrontal cortex during exercise may promote memory consolidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Marin Bosch
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bringard
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Intensive Care, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guido Ferretti
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Intensive Care, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Swiss Center for Affective Neurosciences, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kinga Iglói
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Swiss Center for Affective Neurosciences, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland
- Address all correspondence to: Kinga Igloi, E-mail:
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112
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Herold F, Wiegel P, Scholkmann F, Thiers A, Hamacher D, Schega L. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in movement science: a systematic review on cortical activity in postural and walking tasks. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:041403. [PMID: 28924563 PMCID: PMC5538329 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Safe locomotion is a crucial aspect of human daily living that requires well-functioning motor control processes. The human neuromotor control of daily activities such as walking relies on the complex interaction of subcortical and cortical areas. Technical developments in neuroimaging systems allow the quantification of cortical activation during the execution of motor tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) seems to be a promising tool to monitor motor control processes in cortical areas in freely moving subjects. However, so far, there is no established standardized protocol regarding the application and data processing of fNIRS signals that limits the comparability among studies. Hence, this systematic review aimed to summarize the current knowledge about application and data processing in fNIRS studies dealing with walking or postural tasks. Fifty-six articles of an initial yield of 1420 publications were reviewed and information about methodology, data processing, and findings were extracted. Based on our results, we outline the recommendations with respect to the design and data processing of fNIRS studies. Future perspectives of measuring fNIRS signals in movement science are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
- Address all correspondence to: Fabian Herold, E-mail:
| | - Patrick Wiegel
- University of Freiburg, Department of Sport Science, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelina Thiers
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Magdeburg, Germany
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113
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Fujimoto H, Mihara M, Hattori N, Hatakenaka M, Yagura H, Kawano T, Miyai I, Mochizuki H. Neurofeedback-induced facilitation of the supplementary motor area affects postural stability. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:045003. [PMID: 29152530 PMCID: PMC5680482 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy-mediated neurofeedback (NIRS-NFB) is a promising therapeutic intervention for patients with neurological diseases. Studies have shown that NIRS-NFB can facilitate task-related cortical activation and induce task-specific behavioral changes. These findings indicate that the effect of neuromodulation depends on local cortical function. However, when the target cortical region has multiple functions, our understanding of the effects is less clear. This is true in the supplementary motor area (SMA), which is involved both in postural control and upper-limb movement. To address this issue, we investigated the facilitatory effect of NIRS SMA neurofeedback on cortical activity and behavior, without any specific task. Twenty healthy individuals participated in real and sham neurofeedback. Balance and hand dexterity were assessed before and after each NIRS-NFB session. We found a significant interaction between assessment periods (pre/post) and condition (real/sham) with respect to balance as assessed by the center of the pressure path length but not for hand dexterity as assessed by the 9-hole peg test. SMA activity only increased during real neurofeedback. Our findings indicate that NIRS-NFB itself has the potential to modulate focal cortical activation, and we suggest that it be considered a therapy to facilitate the SMA for patients with postural impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fujimoto
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Mihara
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Kawasaki Medical School, Department of Neurology, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hattori
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Hatakenaka
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Yagura
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teiji Kawano
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyai
- Morinomiya Hospital, Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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114
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Schecklmann M, Mann A, Langguth B, Ehlis AC, Fallgatter AJ, Haeussinger FB. The Temporal Muscle of the Head Can Cause Artifacts in Optical Imaging Studies with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:456. [PMID: 28966580 PMCID: PMC5605559 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracranial signals are the main source of noise in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as light is penetrating the cortex but also skin and muscles of the head. Aim: Here we performed three experiments to investigate the contamination of fNIRS measurements by temporal muscle activity. Material and methods: For experiment 1, we provoked temporal muscle activity by instructing 31 healthy subjects to clench their teeth three times. We measured fNIRS signals over left temporal and frontal channels with an interoptode distance of 3 cm, in one short optode distance (SOD) channel (1 cm) and electromyography (EMG) over the edge of the temporal muscle. In experiment 2, we screened resting state fNIRS-fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) data of one healthy subject for temporal muscle artifacts. In experiment 3, we screened a dataset of sound-evoked activity (n = 33) using bi-temporal probe-sets and systematically contrasted subjects presenting vs. not presenting artifacts and blocks/events contaminated or not contaminated with artifacts. Results: In experiment 1, we could demonstrate a hemodynamic-response-like increase in oxygenated (O2Hb) and decrease in deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin with a large amplitude and large spatial extent highly exceeding normal cortical activity. Correlations between EMG, SOD, and fNIRS artifact activity showed only limited evidence for associations on a group level with rather clear associations in a sub-group of subjects. The fNIRS-fMRI experiment showed that during the temporal muscle artifact, fNIRS is completely saturated by muscle oxygenation. Experiment 3 showed hints for contamination of sound-evoked oxygenation by the temporal muscle artifact. This was of low relevance in analyzing the whole sample. Discussion: Temporal muscle activity e.g., by clenching the teeth induces a large hemodynamic-like artifact in fNIRS measurements which should be avoided by specific subject instructions. Data should be screened for this artifact might be corrected by exclusion of contaminated blocks/events. The usefulness of established artifact correction methods should be evaluated in future studies. Conclusion: Temporal muscle activity, e.g., by clenching the teeth is one major source of noise in fNIRS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schecklmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Florian B. Haeussinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
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115
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Agbangla NF, Audiffren M, Albinet CT. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy in the investigation of brain activation during cognitive aging: A systematic review of an emerging area of research. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 38:52-66. [PMID: 28755870 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive neuroscience of aging is a growing and stimulating research area. The development of neuroimaging techniques in the past two decades has considerably increased our understanding of the brain mechanisms that might underlie cognitive performance and resulting changes due to normal aging. Beside traditional metabolic neuroimaging techniques, such as Positron Emission Tomography and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an optical imaging technique allowing to monitor real-time cerebral blood oxygenation, has gained recent interest in this field. The aim of the present review paper, after briefly presenting the NIRS technique, is to review and to summarize the recent results of neuroimaging studies using this technique in the field of cognitive aging. The reviewed literature shows that, despite low spatial resolution and cerebral depth penetration, this technique provides consistent findings on the reduced hemodynamic activity as a function of chronological age, mainly in the prefrontal cortex. Important moderators of brain hemodynamics, such as cognitive load, subjects' characteristics and experimental conditions, for which the NIRS technique is sensitive, are discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of functional NIRS in the field of cognitive aging are presented and finally, novel perspectives of research are proposed.
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116
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Satoh M, Okamoto K, Tabei KI, Kida H, Tomimoto H, Eda H. The Effect of Motion Artifacts on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Data and Proposal of a Video-NIRS System. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2017; 7:406-418. [PMID: 29430243 PMCID: PMC5806157 DOI: 10.1159/000484519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the influence of physical movement on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data, (2) to establish a video-NIRS system which simultaneously records NIRS data and the subject's movement, and (3) to measure the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration change (Δoxy-Hb) during a word fluency (WF) task. EXPERIMENT 1 In 5 healthy volunteers, we measured the oxy-Hb and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations during 11 kinds of facial, head, and extremity movements. The probes were set in the bilateral frontal regions. The deoxy-Hb concentration was increased in 85% of the measurements. EXPERIMENT 2 Using a pillow on the backrest of the chair, we established the video-NIRS system with data acquisition and video capture software. One hundred and seventy-six elderly people performed the WF task. The deoxy-Hb concentration was decreased in 167 subjects (95%). EXPERIMENT 3 Using the video-NIRS system, we measured the Δoxy-Hb, and compared it with the results of the WF task. Δoxy-Hb was significantly correlated with the number of words. CONCLUSION Like the blood oxygen level-dependent imaging effect in functional MRI, the deoxy-Hb concentration will decrease if the data correctly reflect the change in neural activity. The video-NIRS system might be useful to collect NIRS data by recording the waveforms and the subject's appearance simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Satoh
- Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kinan Hospital, Mihama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Tabei
- Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kida
- Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideo Eda
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Japan
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117
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Scarapicchia V, Brown C, Mayo C, Gawryluk JR. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Insights from Combined Recording Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:419. [PMID: 28867998 PMCID: PMC5563305 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely available, non-invasive technique that offers excellent spatial resolution, it remains limited by practical constraints imposed by the scanner environment. More recently, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as an alternative hemodynamic-based approach that possesses a number of strengths where fMRI is limited, most notably in portability and higher tolerance for motion. To date, fNIRS has shown promise in its ability to shed light on the functioning of the human brain in populations and contexts previously inaccessible to fMRI. Notable contributions include infant neuroimaging studies and studies examining full-body behaviors, such as exercise. However, much like fMRI, fNIRS has technical constraints that have limited its application to clinical settings, including a lower spatial resolution and limited depth of recording. Thus, by combining fMRI and fNIRS in such a way that the two methods complement each other, a multimodal imaging approach may allow for more complex research paradigms than is feasible with either technique alone. In light of these issues, the purpose of the current review is to: (1) provide an overview of fMRI and fNIRS and their associated strengths and limitations; (2) review existing combined fMRI-fNIRS recording studies; and (3) discuss how their combined use in future research practices may aid in advancing modern investigations of human brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of VictoriaVictoria, BC, Canada
| | - Chantel Mayo
- Department of Psychology, University of VictoriaVictoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jodie R Gawryluk
- Department of Psychology, University of VictoriaVictoria, BC, Canada
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118
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Sudo M, Komiyama T, Aoyagi R, Nagamatsu T, Higaki Y, Ando S. Executive function after exhaustive exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2029-2038. [PMID: 28780602 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Findings concerning the effects of exhaustive exercise on cognitive function are somewhat equivocal. The purpose of this study was to identify physiological factors that determine executive function after exhaustive exercise. METHODS Thirty-two participants completed the cognitive tasks before and after an incremental exercise until exhaustion (exercise group: N = 18) or resting period (control group N = 14). The cognitive task was a combination of a Spatial Delayed-Response (Spatial DR) task and a Go/No-Go task, which requires executive function. Cerebral oxygenation and skin blood flow were monitored during the cognitive task over the prefrontal cortex. Venous blood samples were collected before and after the exercise or resting period, and blood catecholamines, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth hormone factor 1, and blood lactate concentrations were analyzed. RESULTS In the exercise group, exhaustive exercise did not alter reaction time (RT) in the Go/No-Go task (pre: 861 ± 299 ms vs. post: 775 ± 168 ms) and the number of error trials in the Go/No-Go task (pre: 0.9 ± 0.7 vs. post: 1.8 ± 1.8) and the Spatial DR task (pre: 0.3 ± 0.5 vs. post: 0.8 ± 1.2). However, ΔRT was negatively correlated with Δcerebral oxygenation (r = -0.64, P = 0.004). Other physiological parameters were not correlated with cognitive performance. Venous blood samples were not directly associated with cognitive function after exhaustive exercise. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that recovery of regional cerebral oxygenation affects executive function after exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sudo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, 150 Tobuki, Hachioji, 192-0001, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Komiyama
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoyagi
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nagamatsu
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, 150 Tobuki, Hachioji, 192-0001, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Tokyo, Japan.
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119
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Ren X, Lu J, Liu X, Shen C, Zhang X, Ma X, Sun J, Sun G, Feng K, Xu B, Liu P. Decreased prefrontal brain activation during verbal fluency task in patients with somatoform pain disorder: An exploratory multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:153-160. [PMID: 28499896 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a common phenomenon. Patients with somatoform pain disorder (SPD) suffer from lasting chronic pain which may cause cognitive impairment. The dysfunction of prefrontal cortex (PFC) may be involved in pain-induced cognition impairment, which is the most important part in regulating of cognitive function. Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive and low-cost functional neuroimaging technique being used to detect the prefrontal cortex activation during cognitive tasks to demonstrate the relationship between PFC dysfunction and cognition impairment in SPD patients. METHODS 24 patients with SPD and 24 age-, gender- and education level-matched healthy controls were examined by NIRS of the relative concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in PFC during verbal fluency task (VFT). All data analysis procedures were accomplished under MATLAB, SPM and SPM-fNIRS which is an SPM12-based software for fNIRS analysis. RESULTS 1. The number of words generated during the VFT tasks in SPD patients were fewer than healthy controls. 2. The activated areas in SPD patients were smaller than healthy controls. 3. The average activation strength of [oxy-Hb] in SPD patients was much lower than healthy controls. 4. The difference of activation areas between left and right lobe were particularly obvious in SPD patients. CONCLUSION There are evidences suggested that the markedly dysfunction in PFC especially bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) areas may be involved in the cognitive deficiency in patients with SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajin Ren
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Lu
- Guangwai Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyun Ma
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pozi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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120
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Wang L, Ayaz H, Izzetoglu M, Onaral B. Evaluation of light detector surface area for functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Comput Biol Med 2017; 89:68-75. [PMID: 28787647 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging neuroimaging technique that utilizes near infrared light to detect cortical concentration changes of oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin non-invasively. Using light sources and detectors over the scalp, multi-wavelength light intensities are recorded as time series and converted to concentration changes of hemoglobin via modified Beer-Lambert law. Here, we describe a potential source for systematic error in the calculation of hemoglobin changes and light intensity measurements. Previous system characterization and analysis studies looked into various fNIRS parameters such as type of light source, number and selection of wavelengths, distance between light source and detector. In this study, we have analyzed the contribution of light detector surface area to the overall outcome. Results from Monte Carlo based digital phantoms indicated that selection of detector area is a critical system parameter in minimizing the error in concentration calculations. The findings here can guide the design of future fNIRS sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cognitive Neuroengineering and Quantitative Experimental Research (CONQUER) Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cognitive Neuroengineering and Quantitative Experimental Research (CONQUER) Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meltem Izzetoglu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cognitive Neuroengineering and Quantitative Experimental Research (CONQUER) Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Banu Onaral
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cognitive Neuroengineering and Quantitative Experimental Research (CONQUER) Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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121
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Moriguchi Y, Noda T, Nakayashiki K, Takata Y, Setoyama S, Kawasaki S, Kunisato Y, Mishima K, Nakagome K, Hanakawa T. Validation of brain-derived signals in near-infrared spectroscopy through multivoxel analysis of concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5274-5291. [PMID: 28722337 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a convenient and safe brain-mapping tool. However, its inevitable confounding with hemodynamic responses outside the brain, especially in the frontotemporal head, has questioned its validity. Some researchers attempted to validate NIRS signals through concurrent measurements with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but, counterintuitively, NIRS signals rarely correlate with local fMRI signals in NIRS channels, although both mapping techniques should measure the same hemoglobin concentration. Here, we tested a novel hypothesis that different voxels within the scalp and the brain tissues might have substantially different hemoglobin absorption rates of near-infrared light, which might differentially contribute to NIRS signals across channels. Therefore, we newly applied a multivariate approach, a partial least squares regression, to explain NIRS signals with multivoxel information from fMRI within the brain and soft tissues in the head. We concurrently obtained fMRI and NIRS signals in 9 healthy human subjects engaging in an n-back task. The multivariate fMRI model was quite successfully able to predict the NIRS signals by cross-validation (interclass correlation coefficient = ∼0.85). This result confirmed that fMRI and NIRS surely measure the same hemoglobin concentration. Additional application of Monte-Carlo permutation tests confirmed that the model surely reflects temporal and spatial hemodynamic information, not random noise. After this thorough validation, we calculated the ratios of the contributions of the brain and soft-tissue hemodynamics to the NIRS signals, and found that the contribution ratios were quite different across different NIRS channels in reality, presumably because of the structural complexity of the frontotemporal regions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5274-5291, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.,Lundbeck Japan, Minato, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan
| | - Takamasa Noda
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.,Clinical Optic Imaging Section, Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kosei Nakayashiki
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yohei Takata
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Shiori Setoyama
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Technical Support Group, Optical Topography Business Department, Business Promotion Division, Hitachi Medical Corporation, 2-1, Shintoyofuta, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0804, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kunisato
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, Senshu University, 2-1-1, Higashi-Mita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuo Mishima
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.,National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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122
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Does ventrolateral prefrontal cortex help in searching for the lost key? Evidence from an fNIRS study. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:785-797. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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123
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Hori S, Mori K, Mashimo T, Seiyama A. Effects of Light and Sound on the Prefrontal Cortex Activation and Emotional Function: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28649190 PMCID: PMC5465298 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed a near infrared spectroscopy-based real-time feedback system to estimate the subjects' emotional states using the changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration [Δ(oxy-Hb)] in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using this system, we investigated the influences of continual mild and equivocal stimuli consisting of lights and a reconstructed waterfall sound on Δ[oxy-Hb] in the PFC. The visual (light) and auditory (sound) stimuli changed randomly and independently, depending on the emotional states of the individual subjects. The emotional states induced by the stimuli were examined via a questionnaire rated on an 11-point scale, from +5 (pleasant) to −5 (unpleasant), through 0 (neutral), after the 5-min experiments. Results from 757 subjects revealed that Δ[oxy-Hb] in the PFC exhibited a weak, but significant, correlation with emotional change, with the given continual and mild stimuli similar to that experienced in response to the intense pleasant/unpleasant stimuli. Based on the results we discuss the generation of pleasant/unpleasant weak emotional change induced by mild and weak stimuli such as light and sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hori
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Mori
- Department of Information and Media, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal ArtsKyoto, Japan
| | - Takehisa Mashimo
- Media Design Department, Seian University of Art and DesignOtsu, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Seiyama
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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124
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Doi H, Shinohara K. fNIRS Studies on Hemispheric Asymmetry in Atypical Neural Function in Developmental Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:137. [PMID: 28446869 PMCID: PMC5388750 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional lateralization is highly replicable trait of human neural system. Many previous studies have indicated the possibility that people with attention-deficits/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show hemispheric asymmetry in atypical neural function. However, despite the abundance of relevant studies, there is still ongoing controversy over this issue. In the present mini-review, we provide an overview of the hemispheric asymmetry in atypical neural function observed in fNIRS studies on people with these conditions. Atypical neural function is defined as group-difference in the task-related concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin. The existing fNIRS studies give support to the right-lateralized atypicalty in children with ADHD. At the same time, we did not find clear leftward-lateralization in atypical activation in people with ASD. On the basis of these, we discuss the current states and limitation of the existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
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125
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Takahashi A, Kono S, Wada A, Oshima S, Abe K, Imaizumi H, Fujita M, Hayashi M, Okai K, Miura I, Yabe H, Ohira H. Reduced brain activity in female patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174169. [PMID: 28376101 PMCID: PMC5380307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have impaired health-related quality of life including physical and mental state. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a useful tool for evaluation of brain activity and depressive state. This study aimed to determine the brain activity of female NAFLD patients using NIRS. Cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration during a verbal fluency task (VFT) was measured using NIRS in 24 female NAFLD patients and 15 female healthy controls. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire was administered to both groups before NIRS. There was no significant difference in CES-D score between groups. However, the oxy-Hb concentration and number of words during the VFT were less in NAFLD compared to healthy controls. The mean value of oxy-Hb concentration during 0–60 s VFT in the frontal lobe was also smaller in NAFLD patients compared to healthy controls (0.082 ± 0.126 vs. 0.183 ± 0.145, P < 0.001). Cerebral oxygen concentration is poorly reactive in response to VFT in female NAFLD patients. This may indicate an association between decreased brain activity and NAFLD regardless of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Soichi Kono
- Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachie Oshima
- Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Abe
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Imaizumi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayashi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ken Okai
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Itaru Miura
- Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Di H, Zhang X. Deception Detection by Hybrid-Pair Wireless fNIRS System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL CRIME AND FORENSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/ijdcf.2017040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Normal fNIRS setting up was limited by superficial physiological noises when applied into the deception detection. We designed a hybrid-pair wireless fNIRS system to improve the detection. The system takes advantages of short-pair channel to suppress the effect of physiological noises, and wireless module to improve the comfortableness of wearing it. We applied the system into a modified Guilty Knowledge Test. The experiment demonstrated that normal metrics might hint different energy consume during lying, while the regional oxygen saturation rSO2, specific in the system, is sensitive to indicate a lying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Di
- University of International Relations, Department of Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China
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127
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Nambu I, Ozawa T, Sato T, Aihara T, Fujiwara Y, Otaka Y, Osu R, Izawa J, Wada Y. Transient increase in systemic interferences in the superficial layer and its influence on event-related motor tasks: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:35008. [PMID: 28294282 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.035008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a widely utilized neuroimaging tool in fundamental neuroscience research and clinical investigation. Previous research has revealed that task-evoked systemic artifacts mainly originating from the superficial-tissue may preclude the identification of cerebral activation during a given task. We examined the influence of such artifacts on event-related brain activity during a brisk squeezing movement. We estimated task-evoked superficial-tissue hemodynamics from short source–detector distance channels (15 mm) by applying principal component analysis. The estimated superficial-tissue hemodynamics exhibited temporal profiles similar to the canonical cerebral hemodynamic model. Importantly, this task-evoked profile was also observed in data from a block design motor experiment, suggesting a transient increase in superficial-tissue hemodynamics occurs following motor behavior, irrespective of task design. We also confirmed that estimation of event-related cerebral hemodynamics was improved by a simple superficial-tissue hemodynamic artifact removal process using 15-mm short distance channels, compared to the results when no artifact removal was applied. Thus, our results elucidate task design-independent characteristics of superficial-tissue hemodynamics and highlight the need for the application of superficial-tissue hemodynamic artifact removal methods when analyzing fNIRS data obtained during event-related motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Nambu
- Nagaoka University of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ozawa
- Nagaoka University of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka, JapanbATR Brain Information Communication Research Lab Group, Keihanna-Science City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Sato
- Nagaoka University of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Aihara
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Lab Group, Keihanna-Science City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujiwara
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Lab Group, Keihanna-Science City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Otaka
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Lab Group, Keihanna-Science City, Kyoto, JapancTokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Narashino, Chiba, JapandKeio University School of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Osu
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Lab Group, Keihanna-Science City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Izawa
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Lab Group, Keihanna-Science City, Kyoto, JapaneUniversity of Tsukuba, Faculty of Engineering, Information and System, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- Nagaoka University of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka, Japan
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128
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Ozawa S, Hiraki K. Distraction decreases prefrontal oxygenation: A NIRS study. Brain Cogn 2017; 113:155-163. [PMID: 28236738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
When near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure emotion-related cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in the prefrontal cortex regions, the functional distinction of CBF changes is often difficult because NIRS is unable to measure neural activity in deeper brain regions that play major roles in emotional processing. The CBF changes could represent cognitive control of emotion and emotional responses to emotional materials. Supposing that emotion-related CBF changes in the prefrontal cortex regions during distraction are emotional responses, we examined whether oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) decreases. Attention-demanding tasks cause blood flow decreases, and we thus compared the effects of visually paced tapping with different tempos, on distraction. The results showed that the oxyHb level induced by emotional stimulation decreased with fast-tempo tapping significantly more than slow-tempo tapping in ventral medial prefrontal cortex regions. Moreover, a Global-Local task following tapping showed significantly greater local-minus-global response time (RT) difference scores in the fast- and mid-tempo condition compared with those in the slow-tempo, suggesting an increased attentional focus, and decreased negative emotion. The overall findings indicate that oxyHb changes in a relatively long distraction task, as measured by NIRS, are associated with emotional responses, and oxyHb can be decreased by successfully performing attention-demanding distraction tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Ozawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Hiraki
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; JST, CREST, Japan
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129
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Sun JJ, Liu XM, Shen CY, Zhang XQ, Sun GX, Feng K, Xu B, Ren XJ, Ma XY, Liu PZ. Reduced prefrontal activation during verbal fluency task in chronic insomnia disorder: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1723-1731. [PMID: 28721053 PMCID: PMC5501642 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s136774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Daytime complaints such as memory and attention deficits and failure to accomplish daily tasks are common in insomnia patients. However, objective psychological tests to detect cognitive impairment are equivocal. Neural function associated with cognitive performance may explain the discrepancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic response patterns of patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID) using the noninvasive and low-cost functional neuroimaging technique of multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in order to identify changes of neural function associated with cognitive performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four CID patients and twenty-five healthy controls matched for age, right-hand dominance, educational level, and gender were examined during verbal fluency tasks (VFT) using NIRS. A covariance analysis was conducted to analyze differences of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) between the two groups and reduce the influence of the severity of depression. Pearson correlation coeffcients were calculated to examine the relationship between the oxy-Hb changes, with the severity of insomnia and depressive symptoms assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). RESULTS The number of words generated during the VFT in CID groups showed no statistical differences with healthy controls. CID patients showed hypoactivation in the PFC during the cognitive task. In addition, we found that the function of left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during the VFT was significantly negatively correlated with the PSQI scores and the function of right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) was significantly negatively correlated with the HAMD scores. CONCLUSION The present study detected dysfunctions in PFC in spite of intact performance which indicates the role of PFC in the neurophysiological underpinnings. Left OFC function is associated with insomnia symptoms and right DLPFC function is associated with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Sun
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Yu Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Jin Ren
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Ma
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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130
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Kawano M, Kanazawa T, Kikuyama H, Tsutsumi A, Kinoshita S, Kawabata Y, Yamauchi S, Uenishi H, Kawashige S, Imazu S, Toyoda K, Nishizawa Y, Takahashi M, Okayama T, Odo W, Ide K, Maruyama S, Tarutani S, Koh J, Yoneda H. Correlation between frontal lobe oxy-hemoglobin and severity of depression assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Affect Disord 2016; 205:154-158. [PMID: 27449547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for objective biomarkers of psychiatric disorders has a long history. Despite this, no universally accepted instruments or methods to detect biomarkers have been developed. One potential exception is near-infrared spectroscopy, although interpreting the measures of blood flow recorded with this technique remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between recorded blood flow and depression severity assessed using the Hamilton depression scale in patients with various psychiatric disorders. METHODS Enrolled patients (n=43) had DSM-IV diagnoses of major depressive disorder (n=25), bipolar disorder I (n=5), schizophrenia (n=3), dysthymic disorder (n=3), psychotic disorder (n=3), panic disorder (n=2), and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (n=2). The verbal fluency task was administered during blood flow recording from the frontal and temporal lobes. RESULTS We found that severity of depression was negatively correlated with the integral value of blood flow in the frontal lobe, irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis (F=5.94, p=0.02). DISCUSSION Our results support blood flow in the frontal lobe as a potential biomarker of depression severity across various psychiatric disorders. LIMITATION Limited sample size, no replication in the second set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Kanazawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kikuyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsutsumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawabata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamauchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Seiya Kawashige
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imazu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Toyoda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Okayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wakako Odo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Maruyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tarutani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Koh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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131
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Reduction of global interference of scalp-hemodynamics in functional near-infrared spectroscopy using short distance probes. Neuroimage 2016; 141:120-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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132
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Mulheren RW, Kamarunas E, Ludlow CL. Sour taste increases swallowing and prolongs hemodynamic responses in the cortical swallowing network. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:2033-2042. [PMID: 27489363 PMCID: PMC5102316 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00130.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sour stimuli have been shown to upregulate swallowing in patients and in healthy volunteers. However, such changes may be dependent on taste-induced increases in salivary flow. Other mechanisms include genetic taster status (Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Green BG, Hoffman HJ, Ko CW, Lucchina LA, Weiffenbach JM. Physiol Behav 82: 109-114, 2004) and differences between sour and other tastes. We investigated the effects of taste on swallowing frequency and cortical activation in the swallowing network and whether taster status affected responses. Three-milliliter boluses of sour, sour with slow infusion, sweet, water, and water with infusion were compared on swallowing frequency and hemodynamic responses. The sour conditions increased swallowing frequency, whereas sweet and water did not. Changes in cortical oxygenated hemoglobin (hemodynamic responses) measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy were averaged over 30 trials for each condition per participant in the right and left motor cortex, S1 and supplementary motor area for 30 s following bolus onset. Motion artifact in the hemodynamic response occurred 0-2 s after bolus onset, when the majority of swallows occurred. The peak hemodynamic response 2-7 s after bolus onset did not differ by taste, hemisphere, or cortical location. The mean hemodynamic response 17-22 s after bolus onset was highest in the motor regions of both hemispheres, and greater in the sour and infusion condition than in the water condition. Genetic taster status did not alter changes in swallowing frequency or hemodynamic response. As sour taste significantly increased swallowing and cortical activation equally with and without slow infusion, increases in the cortical swallowing were due to sour taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Mulheren
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
| | - Erin Kamarunas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
| | - Christy L Ludlow
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
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133
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Simultaneous EEG-fNIRS reveals how age and feedback affect motor imagery signatures. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:183-197. [PMID: 27818001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke frequently results in motor impairment. Motor imagery (MI), the mental practice of movements, has been suggested as a promising complement to other therapeutic approaches facilitating motor rehabilitation. Of particular potential is the combination of MI with neurofeedback (NF). However, MI NF protocols have been largely optimized only in younger healthy adults, although strokes occur more frequently in older adults. The present study examined the influence of age on the neural correlates of MI supported by electroencephalogram (EEG)-based NF and on the neural correlates of motor execution. We adopted a multimodal neuroimaging framework focusing on EEG-derived event-related desynchronization (ERD%) and oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations simultaneously acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). ERD%, HbO concentration and HbR concentration were compared between younger (mean age: 24.4 years) and older healthy adults (mean age: 62.6 years). During MI, ERD% and HbR concentration were less lateralized in older adults than in younger adults. The lateralization-by-age interaction was not significant for movement execution. Moreover, EEG-based NF was related to an increase in task-specific activity when compared to the absence of feedback in both older and younger adults. Finally, significant modulation correlations were found between ERD% and hemodynamic measures despite the absence of significant amplitude correlations. Overall, the findings suggest a complex relationship between age and movement-related activity in electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures. Our results emphasize that the age of the actual end-user should be taken into account when designing neurorehabilitation protocols.
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134
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Auger H, Bherer L, Boucher É, Hoge R, Lesage F, Dehaes M. Quantification of extra-cerebral and cerebral hemoglobin concentrations during physical exercise using time-domain near infrared spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3826-3842. [PMID: 27867696 PMCID: PMC5102543 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fitness is known to have beneficial effects on brain anatomy and function. However, the understanding of mechanisms underlying immediate and long-term neurophysiological changes due to exercise is currently incomplete due to the lack of tools to investigate brain function during physical activity. In this study, we used time-domain near infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) to quantify and discriminate extra-cerebral and cerebral hemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation (SO2) in young adults at rest and during incremental intensity exercise. In extra-cerebral tissue, an increase in deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) and a decrease in SO2 were observed while only cerebral HbR increased at high intensity exercise. Results in extra-cerebral tissue are consistent with thermoregulatory mechanisms to dissipate excess heat through skin blood flow, while cerebral changes are in agreement with cerebral blood flow (CBF) redistribution mechanisms to meet oxygen demand in activated regions during exercise. No significant difference was observed in oxy- (HbO2) and total hemoglobin (HbT). In addition HbO2, HbR and HbT increased with subject's peak power output (equivalent to the maximum oxygen volume consumption; VO2 peak) supporting previous observations of increased total mass of red blood cells in trained individuals. Our results also revealed known gender differences with higher hemoglobin in men. Our approach in quantifying both extra-cerebral and cerebral absolute hemoglobin during exercise may help to better interpret past and future continuous-wave NIRS studies that are prone to extra-cerebral contamination and allow a better understanding of acute cerebral changes due to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Auger
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC,
Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC,
Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC,
Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, QC,
Canada
| | - Étienne Boucher
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC,
Canada
| | - Richard Hoge
- Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC,
Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC,
Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC,
Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC,
Canada
| | - Mathieu Dehaes
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC,
Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC,
Canada
- Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC,
Canada
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135
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Lee YA, Pollet V, Kato A, Goto Y. Prefrontal cortical activity associated with visual stimulus categorization in non-human primates measured with near-infrared spectroscopy. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:327-331. [PMID: 27702634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In biomedical research of brain dysfunction in psychiatric disorders, utilization of animal models is essential. However, translation of findings in animal models into the realm of human clinical conditions requires reliable biomarkers that are assessed with the methods mutually employed in animal models and human patients. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a functional neuroimaging technique that has now been widely utilized in human basic and clinical research. However, its application to animal models has been barely conducted. In this study, we developed the method to measure neural activity in the cortex of Japanese macaques using NIRS, and examined cortical responses to presentation of a set of visual stimuli that were categorized into four different groups (flower, monkey, snake, food). Prefrontal cortical (PFC) oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin changes were found to reliably distinguish the categories of these visual stimuli. The results suggest that cortical activity measurement with NIRS in primates can be a valuable model for identifying biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | | | - Akemi Kato
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiori Goto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
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136
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Nieuwhof F, Reelick MF, Maidan I, Mirelman A, Hausdorff JM, Olde Rikkert MG, Bloem BR, Muthalib M, Claassen JA. Measuring prefrontal cortical activity during dual task walking in patients with Parkinson's disease: feasibility of using a new portable fNIRS device. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2016; 2:59. [PMID: 27965875 PMCID: PMC5154104 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-016-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties in performing a second task during walking (i.e., dual task walking). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising approach to study the presumed contribution of dysfunction within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to such difficulties. In this pilot study, we examined the feasibility of using a new portable and wireless fNIRS device to measure PFC activity during different dual task walking protocols in PD. Specifically, we tested whether PD patients were able to perform the protocol and whether we were able to measure the typical fNIRS signal of neuronal activity. METHODS We included 14 PD patients (age 71.2 ± 5.4 years, Hoehn and Yahr stage II/III). The protocol consisted of five repetitions of three conditions: walking while (i) counting forwards, (ii) serially subtracting, and (iii) reciting digit spans. Ability to complete this protocol, perceived exertion, burden of the fNIRS devices, and concentrations of oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin from the left and right PFC were measured. RESULTS Two participants were unable to complete the protocol due to fatigue and mobility safety concerns. The remaining 12 participants experienced no burden from the two fNIRS devices and completed the protocol with ease. Bilateral PFC O2Hb concentrations increased during walking while serially subtracting (left PFC 0.46 μmol/L, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.81, right PFC 0.49 μmol/L, 95 % CI 0.14-0.84) and reciting digit spans (left PFC 0.36 μmol/L, 95 % CI 0.03-0.70, right PFC 0.44 μmol/L, 95 % CI 0.09-0.78) when compared to rest. HHb concentrations did not differ between the walking tasks and rest. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a new wireless fNIRS device is a feasible measure of PFC activity in PD during dual task walking. Future studies should reduce the level of noise and inter-individual variability to enable measuring differences in PFC activity between different dual walking conditions and across health states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Nieuwhof
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Neurology, Geriatric Medicine, and Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam F. Reelick
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Neurology, Geriatric Medicine, and Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inbal Maidan
- Department of Neurology, Center for the study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Department of Neurology, Center for the study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
- Department of Neurology, Center for the study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Neurology, Geriatric Medicine, and Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R. Bloem
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Neurology, Geriatric Medicine, and Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Neurology, Geriatric Medicine, and Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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137
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Nishimura Y, Takahashi K, Ohtani T, Ikeda-Sugita R, Okada N, Kasai K, Okazaki Y. Social Function and Frontopolar Activation during a Cognitive Task in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:81-90. [PMID: 26509704 DOI: 10.1159/000437431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to understand the neural basis of functional impairments in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in order to be able to address the recovery. Recently, neurocognitive impairment emerged as a predictor of psychosocial function. A number of functional brain imaging studies have shown that social function is associated with activation of the prefrontal cortex during a cognitive task in healthy adults, and in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. However, few studies have been conducted in patients with BD. METHODS We performed multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging to investigate the activation of the prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency task (VFT). We also used the Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale (SASS) to assess social functioning in patients with BD. Thirty-three depressed patients with BD and 65 age-, gender- and task performance-matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. RESULTS Depressed patients with BD showed reduced activation in the broader bilateral prefrontal cortex during the VFT compared to HCs. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the total SASS scores and right prefrontal activation in patients with BD. In the SASS subscores, the interest and motivation factor was also positively correlated with frontopolar activation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an association between social function and prefrontal activation in depressed patients with BD. The present study provides evidence that NIRS imaging could be helpful in understanding the neural basis of social function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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138
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Hoshi Y, Yamada Y. Overview of diffuse optical tomography and its clinical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:091312. [PMID: 27420810 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared diffuse optical tomography (DOT), one of the most sophisticated optical imaging techniques for observations through biological tissue, allows 3-D quantitative imaging of optical properties, which include functional and anatomical information. With DOT, it is expected to be possible to overcome the limitations of conventional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as well as offering the potential for diagnostic optical imaging. However, DOT has been under development for more than 30 years, and the difficulties in development are attributed to the fact that light is strongly scattered and that diffusive photons are used for the image reconstruction. The DOT algorithm is based on the techniques of inverse problems. The radiative transfer equation accurately describes photon propagation in biological tissue, while, because of its high computation load, the diffusion equation (DE) is often used as the forward model. However, the DE is invalid in low-scattering and/or highly absorbing regions and in the vicinity of light sources. The inverse problem is inherently ill-posed and highly undetermined. Here, we first summarize NIRS and then describe various approaches in the efforts to develop accurate and efficient DOT algorithms and present some examples of clinical applications. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of DOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hoshi
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Optics, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamada
- University of Electro-Communications, Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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139
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Sakakibara E, Homae F, Kawasaki S, Nishimura Y, Takizawa R, Koike S, Kinoshita A, Sakurada H, Yamagishi M, Nishimura F, Yoshikawa A, Inai A, Nishioka M, Eriguchi Y, Matsuoka J, Satomura Y, Okada N, Kakiuchi C, Araki T, Kan C, Umeda M, Shimazu A, Uga M, Dan I, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Kasai K. Detection of resting state functional connectivity using partial correlation analysis: A study using multi-distance and whole-head probe near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2016; 142:590-601. [PMID: 27521742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a functional neuroimaging modality that enables easy-to-use and noninvasive measurement of changes in blood oxygenation levels. We developed a clinically-applicable method for estimating resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) with NIRS using a partial correlation analysis to reduce the influence of extraneural components. Using a multi-distance probe arrangement NIRS, we measured resting state brain activity for 8min in 17 healthy participants. Independent component analysis was used to extract shallow and deep signals from the original NIRS data. Pearson's correlation calculated from original signals was significantly higher than that calculated from deep signals, while partial correlation calculated from original signals was comparable to that calculated from deep (cerebral-tissue) signals alone. To further test the validity of our method, we also measured 8min of resting state brain activity using a whole-head NIRS arrangement consisting of 17 cortical regions in 80 healthy participants. Significant RSFC between neighboring, interhemispheric homologous, and some distant ipsilateral brain region pairs was revealed. Additionally, females exhibited higher RSFC between interhemispheric occipital region-pairs, in addition to higher connectivity between some ipsilateral pairs in the left hemisphere, when compared to males. The combined results of the two component experiments indicate that partial correlation analysis is effective in reducing the influence of extracerebral signals, and that NIRS is able to detect well-described resting state networks and sex-related differences in RSFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Sakakibara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Hitachi Medical Corporation, Application Development Office, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Sakurada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumichika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Yoshikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Inai
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Eriguchi
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kakiuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Youth Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Kan
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Umeda
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Shimazu
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Uga
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Health Economics & Epidemiology Research, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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140
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Yamashita O, Shimokawa T, Aisu R, Amita T, Inoue Y, Sato MA. Multi-subject and multi-task experimental validation of the hierarchical Bayesian diffuse optical tomography algorithm. Neuroimage 2016; 135:287-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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141
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Al-Yahya E, Johansen-Berg H, Kischka U, Zarei M, Cockburn J, Dawes H. Prefrontal Cortex Activation While Walking Under Dual-Task Conditions in Stroke: A Multimodal Imaging Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 30:591-9. [PMID: 26493732 PMCID: PMC5404717 DOI: 10.1177/1545968315613864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Walking while performing another task (eg, talking) is challenging for many stroke survivors, yet its neural basis are not fully understood. Objective To investigate prefrontal cortex activation and its relationship to gait measures while walking under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions (ie, walking while simultaneously performing a cognitive task) in stroke survivors. Methods We acquired near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data from the prefrontal cortex during treadmill walking in ST and DT conditions in chronic stroke survivors and healthy controls. We also acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and NIRS during simulated walking under these conditions. Results NIRS revealed increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in DT-walking compared with ST-walking for both groups. For simulated walking, NIRS showed a significant effect of group and group × task, being greater on both occasions, in stroke survivors. A greater increase in brain activation observed from ST to DT walking/ simulated walking was related to a greater change in motor performance in stroke survivors. fMRI revealed increased activity during DT relative to ST conditions in stroke patients in areas including the inferior temporal gyri, superior frontal gyri and cingulate gyri bilaterally, and the right precentral gyrus. The DT-related increase in fMRI activity correlated with DT-related change in behavior in stroke participants in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, and left frontal pole. Conclusion Our results provide novel evidence that enhanced brain activity changes relate to dual task motor decrements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Al-Yahya
- The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Mojtaba Zarei
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK National Brain Mapping Centre, Shahid Beheshti University Medical and General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Helen Dawes
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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142
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Maidan I, Nieuwhof F, Bernad-Elazari H, Reelick MF, Bloem BR, Giladi N, Deutsch JE, Hausdorff JM, Claassen JAH, Mirelman A. The Role of the Frontal Lobe in Complex Walking Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Older Adults: An fNIRS Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 30:963-971. [PMID: 27221042 DOI: 10.1177/1545968316650426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait is influenced by higher order cognitive and cortical control mechanisms. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used to examine frontal activation during walking in healthy older adults, reporting increased oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) levels during dual task walking (DT), compared with usual walking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the frontal lobe during DT and obstacle negotiation, in healthy older adults and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Thirty-eight healthy older adults (mean age 70.4 ± 0.9 years) and 68 patients with PD (mean age 71.7 ± 1.1 years,) performed 3 walking tasks: (a) usual walking, (b) DT walking, and (c) obstacles negotiation, with fNIRS and accelerometers. Linear-mix models were used to detect changes between groups and within tasks. RESULTS Patients with PD had higher activation during usual walking (P < .030). During DT, HbO2 increased only in healthy older adults (P < .001). During obstacle negotiation, HbO2 increased in patients with PD (P = .001) and tended to increase in healthy older adults (P = .053). Higher DT and obstacle cost (P < .003) and worse cognitive performance were observed in patients with PD (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS A different pattern of frontal activation during walking was observed between groups. The higher activation during usual walking in patients with PD suggests that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role already during simple walking. However, higher activation relative to baseline during obstacle negotiation and not during DT in the patients with PD demonstrates that prefrontal activation depends on the nature of the task. These findings may have important implications for rehabilitation of gait in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Maidan
- Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Freek Nieuwhof
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Miriam F Reelick
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bas R Bloem
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nir Giladi
- Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Jeffery M Hausdorff
- Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jurgen A H Claassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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143
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Estimation of Skin Blood Flow Artefacts in NIRS Signals During a Verbal Fluency Task. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 26782229 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify effects of skin (scalp) blood flow on functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a verbal fluency task. In the present study, to estimate the influence of skin blood flow on fNIRS signals, we conducted examinations on 19 healthy volunteers (39.9±13.1 years, 11 male and 8 female subjects). We simultaneously measured the fNIRS signals, skin blood flow (i.e., flow, velocity, and number of red blood cells [RBC]), and pulse wave rates using a multimodal fNIRS system. We found that the effects of skin blood flow, measured by the degree of interference of the flow, velocity, and number of RBCs, and pulse wave rates, on NIRS signals varied considerably across subjects. Further, by using the above physiological parameters, we evaluated application of the independent component analysis algorithm proposed by Molgedey and Schuster (MS-ICA) to remove skin blood flow artefacts from fNIRS signals.
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144
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Altered frontal pole development affects self-generated spatial working memory in ADHD. Brain Dev 2016; 38:471-80. [PMID: 26709204 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies suggested that behavioral performance in self-generated SWM improves through development in children with and without ADHD. Nevertheless, developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated SWM are unknown. METHOD Using near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured in 30 children with ADHD (9.5 ± 1.6 years-old) and 35 TD children (9.0 ± 1.6 years-old) while they performed a self-generated SWM task. We then investigated correlations between age and behavioral performance, and between age and hemodynamic activity in the PFC for each group. RESULTS Both groups showed a negative correlation with age and number of errors [ADHD: r(28)=-0.37, p=0.040; TD: r(33)=-0.59, p<0.001], indicating that self-generated SWM improves through development. The TD group showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole [10ch: r(33)=0.41, p=0.013; 11ch; r(33)=0.44, p=0.008] and bilateral lateral PFC [4ch: r(33)=0.34, p=0.049; 13ch; r(33)=0.54, p=0.001], while no significant correlation was found in the ADHD group. Furthermore, regression slopes for the frontal pole significantly differed between the TD and ADHD groups [10ch: t(61)=2.35, p=0.021; 11ch: t(61)=2.05, p=0.044]. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD showed abnormalities in functional maturation of the frontal pole, which plays a role in manipulating and maintaining information associated with self-generated behavior.
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Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was originally designed for clinical monitoring of tissue oxygenation, and it has also been developed into a useful tool in neuroimaging studies, with the so-called functional NIRS (fNIRS). With NIRS, cerebral activation is detected by measuring the cerebral hemoglobin (Hb), where however, the precise correlation between NIRS signal and neural activity remains to be fully understood. This can in part be attributed to the situation that NIRS signals are inherently subject to contamination by signals arising from extracerebral tissue. In recent years, several approaches have been investigated to distinguish between NIRS signals originating in cerebral tissue and signals originating in extracerebral tissue. Selective measurements of cerebral Hb will enable a further evolution of fNIRS. This chapter is divided into six sections: first a summary of the basic theory of NIRS, NIRS signals arising in the activated areas, correlations between NIRS signals and fMRI signals, correlations between NIRS signals and neural activities, and the influence of a variety of extracerebral tissue on NIRS signals and approaches to this issue are reviewed. Finally, future prospects of fNIRS are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hoshi
- Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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146
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Nozawa T, Sasaki Y, Sakaki K, Yokoyama R, Kawashima R. Interpersonal frontopolar neural synchronization in group communication: An exploration toward fNIRS hyperscanning of natural interactions. Neuroimage 2016; 133:484-497. [PMID: 27039144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research of interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning is an expanding nascent field. This field still requires the accumulation of findings and establishment of analytic standards. In this study, we therefore intend to extend fNIRS-based INS research in three directions: (1) verifying the enhancement of frontopolar INS by natural and unstructured verbal communication involving more than two individuals; (2) examining timescale dependence of the INS modulation; and (3) evaluating the effects of artifact reduction methods in capturing INS. We conducted an fNIRS hyperscanning study while 12 groups of four subjects were engaged in cooperative verbal communication. Corresponding to the three objectives, our analyses of the data (1) confirmed communication-enhanced frontopolar INS, as expected from the region's roles in social communication; (2) revealed the timescale dependency in the INS modulation, suggesting the merit of evaluating INS in fine timescale bins; and (3) determined that removal of the skin blood flow component engenders substantial improvement in sensitivity to communication-enhanced INS and segregation from artifactual synchronization, and that caution for artifact reduction preprocessing is needed to avoid excessive removal of the neural fluctuation component. Accordingly, this study provides a prospective technical basis for future hyperscanning studies during daily communicative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nozawa
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yukako Sasaki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yokoyama
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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147
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Jeong E, Ryu H. Nonverbal auditory working memory: Can music indicate the capacity? Brain Cogn 2016; 105:9-21. [PMID: 27031677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Different working memory (WM) mechanisms that underlie words, tones, and timbres have been proposed in previous studies. In this regard, the present study developed a WM test with nonverbal sounds and compared it to the conventional verbal WM test. A total of twenty-five, non-music major, right-handed college students were presented with four different types of sounds (words, syllables, pitches, timbres) that varied from two to eight digits in length. Both accuracy and oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) were measured. The results showed significant effects of number of targets on accuracy and sound type on oxyHb. A further analysis showed prefrontal asymmetry with pitch being processed by the right hemisphere (RH) and timbre by the left hemisphere (LH). These findings suggest a potential for employing musical sounds (i.e., pitch and timbre) as a complementary stimuli for conventional nonverbal WM tests, which can additionally examine its asymmetrical roles in the prefrontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Jeong
- Department of Arts & Technology, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Ryu
- Department of Arts & Technology, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea.
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148
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Moro SB, Carrieri M, Avola D, Brigadoi S, Lancia S, Petracca A, Spezialetti M, Ferrari M, Placidi G, Quaresima V. A novel semi-immersive virtual reality visuo-motor task activates ventrolateral prefrontal cortex: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Neural Eng 2016; 13:036002. [PMID: 27001948 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/3/036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the last few years, the interest in applying virtual reality systems for neurorehabilitation is increasing. Their compatibility with neuroimaging techniques, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), allows for the investigation of brain reorganization with multimodal stimulation and real-time control of the changes occurring in brain activity. The present study was aimed at testing a novel semi-immersive visuo-motor task (VMT), which has the features of being adopted in the field of neurorehabilitation of the upper limb motor function. APPROACH A virtual environment was simulated through a three-dimensional hand-sensing device (the LEAP Motion Controller), and the concomitant VMT-related prefrontal cortex (PFC) response was monitored non-invasively by fNIRS. Upon the VMT, performed at three different levels of difficulty, it was hypothesized that the PFC would be activated with an expected greater level of activation in the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC), given its involvement in the motor action planning and in the allocation of the attentional resources to generate goals from current contexts. Twenty-one subjects were asked to move their right hand/forearm with the purpose of guiding a virtual sphere over a virtual path. A twenty-channel fNIRS system was employed for measuring changes in PFC oxygenated-deoxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb/HHb, respectively). MAIN RESULTS A VLPFC O2Hb increase and a concomitant HHb decrease were observed during the VMT performance, without any difference in relation to the task difficulty. SIGNIFICANCE The present study has revealed a particular involvement of the VLPFC in the execution of the novel proposed semi-immersive VMT adoptable in the neurorehabilitation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Basso Moro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Okada N, Takahashi K, Nishimura Y, Koike S, Ishii-Takahashi A, Sakakibara E, Satomura Y, Kinoshita A, Takizawa R, Kawasaki S, Nakakita M, Ohtani T, Okazaki Y, Kasai K. Characterizing prefrontal cortical activity during inhibition task in methamphetamine-associated psychosis versus schizophrenia: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Addict Biol 2016; 21:489-503. [PMID: 25619621 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse and dependence, frequently accompanied by schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms [methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP)], is a serious public health problem worldwide. Few studies, however, have characterized brain dysfunction associated with MAP, nor investigated similarities and differences in brain dysfunction between MAP and schizophrenia. We compared prefrontal cortical activity associated with stop-signal inhibitory task in 21 patients with MAP, 14 patients with schizophrenia and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. Both the MAP and the schizophrenia groups showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex compared with controls; however, only the MAP group showed reduced activation in the frontopolar prefrontal cortex. The MAP group demonstrated significant positive correlations between task performance and hemodynamic responses in the bilateral ventrolateral, polar and left dorsolateral regions of the prefrontal cortex. The MAP and schizophrenia groups demonstrated a significant difference in the relationship of impulsivity to hemodynamic changes in the bilateral premotor cortex. These findings characterize similarities and differences in prefrontal cortical dysfunction between psychosis associated with methamphetamine and schizophrenia. The reduced hemodynamic changes in the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex suggest a common underlying pathophysiology of MAP and schizophrenia, whereas those in the frontopolar prefrontal cortex point to an impaired state that is either inherent or caused specifically by methamphetamine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
- Department of Psychiatry; Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital; Japan
| | | | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
- Department of Psychiatry; Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital; Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support; Division for Counseling and Support; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Ayaka Ishii-Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Eisuke Sakakibara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
- Application Development Office; Hitachi Medical Corporation; Japan
| | - Mayumi Nakakita
- Department of Psychiatry; Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital; Japan
- Department of Psychiatry; Sawa Hospital; Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
- Department of Psychiatry; Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital; Japan
- Safety and Health Organization; Chiba University; Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry; Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital; Japan
- Department of Psychiatry; Michinoo Hospital; Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Japan
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Differences in the Pulsatile Component of the Skin Hemodynamic Response to Verbal Fluency Tasks in the Forehead and the Fingertip. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20978. [PMID: 26905432 PMCID: PMC4764919 DOI: 10.1038/srep20978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have claimed that hemodynamic signals measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on the forehead exhibit different patterns during a verbal fluency task (VFT) in various psychiatric disorders, whereas many studies have noted that NIRS signals can reflect task-related changes in skin blood flow. If such a task-related skin hemodynamic response is also observed in the fingertip, a simpler biomarker may be developed. Furthermore, determining the difference in the response pattern may provide physiological insights into the condition. We found that the magnitude of the pulsatile component in skin hemodynamic signals increased on the forehead (p < 0.001 for N = 50, p = 0.073 for N = 8) but decreased on the fingertip (p < 0.001, N = 8) during the VFT, whereas the rate in both areas increased (p < 0.02, N = 8). We also did not find a repetition effect in both the rate and the magnitude on the fingertip, whereas the effect was present in the magnitude (p < 0.02, N = 8) but not in the rate on the forehead. These results suggest that the skin vasomotor system in the forehead could have a different vessel mechanism to psychological tasks compared to the fingertip.
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