101
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Pancotto L, Mocelin R, Marcon M, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Anxiolytic and anti-stress effects of acute administration of acetyl-L-carnitine in zebrafish. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5309. [PMID: 30083453 PMCID: PMC6074796 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders. In this context, molecules with antioxidant activity may be promising agents in the treatment of these deleterious conditions. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is a multi-target molecule that modulates the uptake of acetyl-CoA into the mitochondria during fatty acid oxidation, acetylcholine production, protein, and membrane phospholipid synthesis, capable of promoting neurogenesis in case of neuronal death. Moreover, neurochemical effects of ALC include modulation of brain energy and synaptic transmission of multiple neurotransmitters, including expression of type 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ALC in zebrafish by examining behavioral and biochemical parameters relevant to anxiety and mood disorders in zebrafish. ALC presented anxiolytic effects in both novel tank and light/dark tests and prevented the anxiety-like behavior induced by an acute stressor (net chasing). Furthermore, ALC was able to prevent the lipid peroxidation induced by acute stress in the zebrafish brain. The data presented here warrant further investigation of ALC as a potential agent in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Its good tolerability also subsidizes the additional studies necessary to assess its therapeutic potential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Pancotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricieri Mocelin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Marcon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Los Angeles, United States of America
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102
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Araujo-Silva H, Pinheiro-da-Silva J, Silva PF, Luchiari AC. Individual differences in response to alcohol exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198856. [PMID: 29879208 PMCID: PMC5991733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality traits are related to many aspects of one's life, including risk taking, sociability, and behavioral changes caused by psychoactive substances. This study aimed to investigate individual differences and behavioral changes due to alcohol exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). To that end, adult animals were separated into two behavioral profiles: bold and shy, according to their risk taking behavior in an emergence test. Bold and shy fish were allowed to explore a 5-chamber tank and were tested for exploration and sociability (shoaling behavior) following alcohol exposure. The acute drug exposure treatments were 0.0%, 0.1% and 0.5% (v/v%) alcohol. The behavioral parameters evaluated were average and maximum swimming speed, total distance traveled, total time spent immobile, and time spent near a shoal or exploring the tank. For the groups that received no alcohol (0.0% alcohol), shy individuals spent more time near the shoal than bold fish. However, 0.5% alcohol increased bold fish responsiveness to the shoal, while both 0.1% and 0.5% alcohol diminished shoaling in shy fish. Our results show that the behavioral profiles of zebrafish are affected differently by alcohol, with shy animals seemingly more sensitive to behavioral change due to drug exposure. Moreover, we confirm zebrafish as a model for alcohol induced functional (exploration and social behavior) changes that could be useful in high throughput drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloysa Araujo-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila F. Silva
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Luchiari
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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103
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Lima-Maximino MG, Cueto-Escobedo J, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Maximino C. FGIN-1-27, an agonist at translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), produces anti-anxiety and anti-panic effects in non-mammalian models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 171:66-73. [PMID: 29698632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FGIN-1-27 is an agonist at the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a cholesterol transporter that is associated with neurosteroidogenesis. This protein has been identified as a peripheral binding site for benzodiazepines; in anamniotes, however, a second TSPO isoform that is absent in amniotes has been implicated in erythropoiesis. Functional conservation of the central benzodiazepine-binding site located in the GABAA receptors has been demonstrated in anamniotes and amniotes alike; however, it was not previously demonstrated for TSPO. The present investigation explored the behavioral effects of FGIN-1-27 on an anxiety test in zebrafish (Danio rerio, Family: Cyprinide) and on a mixed anxiety/panic test on wall lizards (Tropidurus oreadicus, Family: Tropiduridae). Results showed that FGIN-1-27 reduced anxiety-like behavior in the zebrafish light/dark preference test similar to diazepam, but with fewer sedative effects. Similarly, FGIN-1-27 also reduced anxiety- and fear-like behaviors in the defense test battery in wall lizards, again producing fewer sedative-like effects than diazepam; the benzodiazepine was also unable to reduce fear-like behaviors in this species. These results A) underline the functional conservation of TSPO in defensive behavior in anamniotes; B) strengthen the proposal of using anamniote behavior as models in behavioral pharmacology; and C) suggest TSPO/neurosteroidogenesis as a target in treating anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomes Lima-Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Caio Maximino
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá, Brazil.
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104
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Zahid H, Tsang B, Ahmed H, Lee RCY, Tran S, Gerlai R. Diazepam fails to alter anxiety-like responses but affects motor function in a white-black test paradigm in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:127-136. [PMID: 29360490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The growing popularity of zebrafish in psychopharmacology and behavioral brain research is partly due to the practicality and simplicity of drug administration in this species. Several drugs may be administered to zebrafish by immersing the fish in the drug solution. Furthermore, numerous drugs developed for mammals, including humans, have been found to show a similar effect profile in the zebrafish. Thus, the zebrafish has been suggested as a potentially useful animal screening tool. Despite decades of drug development, anxiety still represents a major unmet medical need, and the search for anxiolytic compounds is continuing. The zebrafish has been proposed for high throughput screens for anxiolytic compounds, and the effects of anxiolytic compounds on the behavior of zebrafish have started to be explored. Diazepam (Valium®) is a frequently prescribed human anxiolytic, a GABAA receptor agonist, has also started to be tested in zebrafish, but with occasional contradicting results. Here, we investigate the effects of diazepam in larval (6-day post-fertilization old) zebrafish in a black-white preference paradigm. We found significant white preference and thigmotaxis (edge preference) in our control fish, anxiety-like responses that habituated over time. However, unexpectedly, we observed no anxiolytic effects of diazepam on these behaviors, and only detected significant motor activity reducing effect of the drug. We discuss the complex interpretation of light/dark tests in zebrafish, and also speculate about the possibility of differential GABAergic mechanisms that diazepam affects in larval vs adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifsa Zahid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada
| | - Benjamin Tsang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada
| | - Hira Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada
| | | | - Steven Tran
- Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada; Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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105
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Choo BKM, Kundap UP, Kumari Y, Hue SM, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Affects TNF-α and Seizures in a Zebrafish Model. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29527169 PMCID: PMC5829632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures result from abnormal brain activity and can affect motor, autonomic and sensory function; as well as, memory, cognition, behavior, or emotional state. Effective anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available but have tolerability issues due to their side effects. The Malaysian herb Orthosiphon stamineus, is a traditional epilepsy remedy and possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenging abilities, all of which are known to protect against seizures. This experiment thus aimed to explore if an ethanolic leaf extract of O. stamineus has the potential to be a novel symptomatic treatment for epileptic seizures in a zebrafish model; and the effects of the extract on the expression levels of several genes in the zebrafish brain which are associated with seizures. The results of this study indicate that O. stamineus has the potential to be a novel symptomatic treatment for epileptic seizures as it is pharmacologically active against seizures in a zebrafish model. The anti-convulsive effect of this extract is also comparable to that of diazepam at higher doses and can surpass diazepam in certain cases. Treatment with the extract also counteracts the upregulation of NF-κB, NPY and TNF-α as a result of a Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) treated seizure. The anti-convulsive action for this extract could be at least partially due to its downregulation of TNF-α. Future work could include the discovery of the active anti-convulsive compound, as well as determine if the extract does not cause cognitive impairment in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Kar Meng Choo
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Uday P Kundap
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Seow-Mun Hue
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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106
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Lagesson A, Brodin T, Fahlman J, Fick J, Jonsson M, Persson J, Byström P, Klaminder J. No evidence of increased growth or mortality in fish exposed to oxazepam in semi-natural ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:608-614. [PMID: 28988097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of short-term laboratory studies on fish reports behavioral effects from exposure to aquatic contaminants or raised carbon dioxide levels affecting the GABAA receptor. However, how such GABAergic behavioral modifications (GBMs) impact populations in more complex natural systems is not known. In this study, we induced GBMs in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) via exposure to a GABA agonist (oxazepam) and followed the effects on growth and survival over one summer (70days) in replicated pond ecosystems. We hypothesized that anticipated GBMs, expressed as anti-anxiety like behaviors (higher activity and boldness levels), that increase feeding rates in laboratory assays, would; i) increase growth and ii) increase mortality from predation. To test our hypotheses, 480 PIT tagged perch of known individual weights, and 12 predators (northern pike, Esox lucius) were evenly distributed in 12 ponds; six control (no oxazepam) and six spiked (15.5±4μgl-1 oxazepam [mean±1S.E.]) ponds. Contrary to our hypotheses, even though perch grew on average 16% more when exposed to oxazepam, we found no significant difference between exposed and control fish in growth (exposed: 3.9±1.2g, control: 2.9±1g [mean±1S.E.], respectively) or mortality (exposed: 26.5±1.8individuals pond-1, control: 24.5±2.6individuals pond-1, respectively). In addition, we show that reduced prey capture efficiency in exposed pike may explain the lack of significant differences in predation. Hence, our results suggest that GBMs, which in laboratory studies impact fish behavior, and subsequently also feeding rates, do not seem to generate strong effects on growth and predation-risk in more complex and resource limited natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lagesson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fahlman
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Persson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Byström
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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107
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Shams S, Rihel J, Ortiz JG, Gerlai R. The zebrafish as a promising tool for modeling human brain disorders: A review based upon an IBNS Symposium. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:176-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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108
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Ulhaq ZS, Kishida M. Brain Aromatase Modulates Serotonergic Neuron by Regulating Serotonin Levels in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:230. [PMID: 29867763 PMCID: PMC5954033 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish are known to express two isoforms of P450 aromatase, a key enzyme for estrogen synthesis. One of the isoforms, brain aromatase (AroB), cyp19a1b, is highly expressed during early development of zebrafish, thereby suggesting its role in brain development. On the other hand, early development of serotonergic neuron, one of the major monoamine neurons, is considered to play an important role in neurogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of AroB in development of serotonergic neuron by testing the effects of (1) estradiol (E2) exposure and (2) morpholino (MO)-mediated AroB knockdown. When embryos were exposed to E2, the effects were biphasic. The low dose of E2 (0.005 µM) significantly increased serotonin (5-HT) positive area at 48 hour post-fertilization (hpf) detected by immunohistochemistry and relative mRNA levels of tryptophan hydroxylase isoforms (tph1a, tph1b, and tph2) at 96 hpf measured by semi-quantitative PCR. To test the effects on serotonin transmission, heart rate and thigmotaxis, an indicator of anxiety, were analyzed. The low dose also significantly increased heart rate at 48 hpf and decreased thigmotaxis. The high dose of E2 (1 µM) exhibited opposite effects in all parameters. The effects of both low and high doses were reversed by addition of estrogen receptor (ER) blocker, ICI 182,780, thereby suggesting that the effects were mediated through ER. When AroB MO was injected to fertilized eggs, 5-HT-positive area was significantly decreased, while the significant decrease in relative tph mRNA levels was found only with tph2 but not with two other isoforms. AroB MO also decreased heart rate and increased thigmotaxis. All the effects were rescued by co-injection with AroB mRNA and by exposure to E2. Taken together, this study demonstrates the role of brain aromatase in development of serotonergic neuron in zebrafish embryos and larvae, implying that brain-formed estrogen is an important factor to sustain early development of serotonergic neuron.
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109
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Aguiar GPS, Marcon M, Mocelin R, Herrmann AP, Chaves LM, Piato AL, Lanza M, Oliveira J. Micronization of N -acetylcysteine by supercritical fluid: Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo biological activity. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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110
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Nogueira Nunes C, Egéa dos Anjos V, Pércio Quináia S. Determination of Diazepam and Clonazepam in Natural Water - a Voltammetric Study. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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111
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Weichert FG, Floeter C, Meza Artmann AS, Kammann U. Assessing the ecotoxicity of potentially neurotoxic substances - Evaluation of a behavioural parameter in the embryogenesis of Danio rerio. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:43-50. [PMID: 28772184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment is currently characterised by a large number of contaminants, especially by mixtures of micro-pollutants including neurotoxins. The ecotoxicological consequences of this burden are not yet assessable. Within the present study, a new test method was applied which evaluates behavioural changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to quantify the neurotoxic effect of selected chemicals. Changes in the frequency of spontaneous tail movements - a parameter of locomotion - occurring during embryogenesis was assessed as parameter for neurotoxic effects. Embryos were exposed in 24-microwell plates to neurotoxic compounds. Behaviour was examined after 24 h of exposure by videotaping and quantifying spontaneous locomotion. Additionally, acute toxicity was determined after 48 h of exposure by utilising the fish embryo toxicity test. Abamectin, emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos-oxon and carbamazepine were analysed using both: the new and classic acute test methods. The results showed the neurotoxic effect of the substances. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity compared to acute toxicity data was shown. The aim of the present study, to illustrate the sensitivity and specificity of the established endpoint to reliably assess adverse, neurotoxic effects of compounds on the model organism Danio rerio and to apply a new test method was achieved. Therefore, the present study is a substantial contribution to an effect-based risk assessment of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian G Weichert
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Carolin Floeter
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriana S Meza Artmann
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
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112
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Eachus H, Bright C, Cunliffe VT, Placzek M, Wood JD, Watt PJ. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 is essential for normal hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis function. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1992-2005. [PMID: 28334933 PMCID: PMC5437527 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders arise due to an interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including stress. Studies in rodents have shown that mutants for Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), a well-accepted genetic risk factor for mental illness, display abnormal behaviours in response to stress, but the mechanisms through which DISC1 affects stress responses remain poorly understood. Using two lines of zebrafish homozygous mutant for disc1, we investigated behaviour and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, the fish equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we show that the role of DISC1 in stress responses is evolutionarily conserved and that DISC1 is essential for normal functioning of the HPI axis. Adult zebrafish homozygous mutant for disc1 show aberrant behavioural responses to stress. Our studies reveal that in the embryo, disc1 is expressed in neural progenitor cells of the hypothalamus, a conserved region of the vertebrate brain that centrally controls responses to environmental stressors. In disc1 mutant embryos, proliferating rx3+ hypothalamic progenitors are not maintained normally and neuronal differentiation is compromised: rx3-derived ff1b+ neurons, implicated in anxiety-related behaviours, and corticotrophin releasing hormone (crh) neurons, key regulators of the stress axis, develop abnormally, and rx3-derived pomc+ neurons are disorganised. Abnormal hypothalamic development is associated with dysfunctional behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses. In contrast to wild type siblings, disc1 mutant larvae show altered crh levels, fail to upregulate cortisol levels when under stress and do not modulate shoal cohesion, indicative of abnormal social behaviour. These data indicate that disc1 is essential for normal development of the hypothalamus and for the correct functioning of the HPA/HPI axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eachus
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Charlotte Bright
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Vincent T Cunliffe
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marysia Placzek
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jonathan D Wood
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Penelope J Watt
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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113
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Magalhães FEA, de Sousa CÁPB, Santos SAAR, Menezes RB, Batista FLA, Abreu ÂO, de Oliveira MV, Moura LFWG, Raposo RDS, Campos AR. Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio): An Alternative Behavioral Model of Formalin-Induced Nociception. Zebrafish 2017; 14:422-429. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- LBPNB (Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia), Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
- NUBEX (Núcleo de Biologia Experimental), Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Barbosa Menezes
- NUBEX (Núcleo de Biologia Experimental), Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Lucas Alves Batista
- LBPNB (Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia), Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ângela Oliveira Abreu
- LBPNB (Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia), Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Messias Vital de Oliveira
- LBPNB (Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia), Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon da Silva Raposo
- NUBEX (Núcleo de Biologia Experimental), Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- NUBEX (Núcleo de Biologia Experimental), Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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114
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Oliveira TA, Idalencio R, Kalichak F, Dos Santos Rosa JG, Koakoski G, de Abreu MS, Giacomini ACV, Gusso D, Rosemberg DB, Barreto RE, Barcellos LJG. Stress responses to conspecific visual cues of predation risk in zebrafish. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3739. [PMID: 28890851 PMCID: PMC5588784 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication relating to predation risk is a trait common among fish species. Prey fish under threat of predation can signal risk to conspecific fish, which then exhibit defensive responses. Fish also assess predation risk by visual cues and change their behavior accordingly. Here, we explored whether these behavioral changes act as visual alarm signals to conspecific fish that are not initially under risk. We show that shoals of zebrafish (Danio rerio) visually exposed to a predator display antipredator behaviors. In addition, these defensive maneuvers trigger antipredator reactions in conspecifics and, concomitantly, stimulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis, leading to cortisol increase. Thus, we conclude that zebrafish defensive behaviors act as visual alarm cues that induce antipredator and stress response in conspecific fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Acosta Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renan Idalencio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kalichak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Gessi Koakoski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Murilo Sander de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Varrone Giacomini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Bioscience Institute, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Darlan Gusso
- Department of Biologycal Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denis Brook Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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115
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Granger Joly de Boissel P, Gonzalez P, Buleté A, Daffe G, Clérandeau C, Vulliet E, Cachot J. An innovative and integrative assay for toxicity testing using individual fish embryos. Application to oxazepam. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:468-477. [PMID: 28460293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an integrative embryo-toxicity assay in Japanese medaka allowing analysis of several toxicological endpoints together in a same individual. In this assay, embryos are topically exposed, and survival, hatching success, malformations, biometry, behaviour, and target gene expression are subsequently analysed in each individual. This assay was applied to oxazepam, an anxiolytic pharmaceutical compound currently found in wastewater treatment plant effluent. Even if oxazepam accumulation in embryos was very low, it caused spinal and cardiac malformations, delayed growth, erratic swimming and deregulation of genes involved in apoptosis, DNA repair and mitochondrial metabolism. Relationship between gene deregulation, abnormal behaviour, and developmental anomalies was demonstrated. This assay is sensitive enough to detect adverse effects at low chemical concentrations and at multiple endpoints in a unique fish embryo. This integrative embryo-toxicity assay is a powerful tool to characterize the spectrum of effects of new chemicals and also to link effects induced at different molecular, tissue and physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Audrey Buleté
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280-CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillemine Daffe
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280-CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France.
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116
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Kwan GT, Hamilton TJ, Tresguerres M. CO 2-induced ocean acidification does not affect individual or group behaviour in a temperate damselfish. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170283. [PMID: 28791154 PMCID: PMC5541549 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Open ocean surface CO2 levels are projected to reach approximately 800 µatm, and ocean pH to decrease by approximately 0.3 units by the year 2100 due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the subsequent process of ocean acidification (OA). When exposed to these CO2/pH values, several fish species display abnormal behaviour in laboratory tests, an effect proposed to be linked to altered neuronal GABAA- receptor function. Juvenile blacksmith (Chromis punctipinnis) are social fish that regularly experience CO2/pH fluctuations through kelp forest diurnal primary production and upwelling events, so we hypothesized that they might be resilient to OA. Blacksmiths were exposed to control conditions (pH ∼ 7.92; pCO2 ∼ 540 µatm), constant acidification (pH ∼ 7.71; pCO2 ∼ 921 µatm) and oscillating acidification (pH ∼ 7.91, pCO2 ∼ 560 µatm (day), pH ∼ 7.70, pCO2 ∼ 955 µatm (night)), and caught and tested in two seasons of the year when the ocean temperature was different: winter (16.5 ± 0.1°C) and summer (23.1 ± 0.1°C). Neither constant nor oscillating CO2-induced acidification affected blacksmith individual light/dark preference, inter-individual distance in a shoal or the shoal's response to a novel object, suggesting that blacksmiths are tolerant to projected future OA conditions. However, blacksmiths tested during the winter demonstrated significantly higher dark preference in the individual light/dark preference test, thus confirming season and/or water temperature as relevant factors to consider in behavioural tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garfield Tsz Kwan
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Trevor James Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT5 J 4S2
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2H7
- Authors for correspondence: Trevor James Hamilton e-mail:
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Authors for correspondence: Martin Tresguerres e-mail:
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117
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Endres HC, da Rosa JG, Kabasele Kalala C, Barcellos HH, Bertol CD, Gil Barcellos LJ, Rossato-Grando LG. First evidence that waterborne methylphenidate alters endocrine and behavioral stress responses in zebrafish. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:114-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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118
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Parkinson’s disease-like motor and non-motor symptoms in rotenone-treated zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2017; 58:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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119
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Alcohol-induced behavioral changes in zebrafish: The role of dopamine D2-like receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2119-2128. [PMID: 26955840 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The dopaminergic system has been proposed to mediate alcohol-induced locomotor activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this behavioral response remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the role of dopamine D2-like receptors in mediating alcohol-induced behavioral responses. METHODS In experiment 1, we examined the effects of high concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 μM) of haloperidol on motor responses. In experiment 2, we examined the effects of low concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 μM) of haloperidol on anxiety-like behavioral responses using the novel tank test. In experiment 3, we examined the effect of pre-treating zebrafish with different concentrations of haloperidol (0, 0.625, 2.5 μM) and subsequently exposing them to 0 or 1 % alcohol. RESULTS In experiment 1, haloperidol induced an inverted U-shaped concentration-dependent increase in locomotor activity. In experiment 2, haloperidol (2.5 μM) reduced the absolute turn angle and freezing behavior in a new environment. In experiment 3, acute alcohol exposure significantly increased locomotor activity and decreased anxiety-like behavioral responses. Pre-treating zebrafish with the lower dose of haloperidol (0.625 μM) abolished the alcohol-induced locomotor activity, without altering anxiety-like behavioral responses. However, pre-treating with the higher dose of haloperidol (2.5 μM) abolished both alcohol-induced increase of locomotor activity and reduction of anxiety-like behavioral responses. CONCLUSION The results suggest alcohol-induced locomotor hyperactivity in zebrafish is mediated via activation of dopamine D2-like receptors, whereas anxiety-like behavioral responses may only be altered by a high haloperidol concentration, at which dose the drug may affect receptors other than D2-R.
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120
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Lorenzi V, Choe R, Schlenk D. Effects of environmental exposure to diazepam on the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:561-568. [PMID: 25410424 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs are continuously discharged into the aquatic environment primarily through wastewater discharge; therefore, their possible effects on wildlife is a reason of concern. Diazepam is a widely prescribed benzodiazepine drug used to treat insomnia and anxiety disorders, and it has been found in wastewater effluents worldwide. The present study tested the effects of diazepam on fecundity and the reproductive behavior of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, a fish that exhibits male parental care. Sexually mature fathead minnows were housed at a ratio of one male and two females per tank and exposed to nominal (measured) concentrations of 0, 0.1 (0.14 ± 0.06), 1.0 (1.04 ± 0.15), 10 (13.4 ± 1.5) µg L(-1) for 21 days. Fish receiving the low diazepam treatment had significantly larger clutches than fish receiving the highest concentration but neither were different from controls. Diazepam exposure was not associated with a significant change in fertilization rate, hatchability or time to hatch, but a trend toward a higher number of eggs/day was observed in fish exposed to the low diazepam concentration relative to those exposed to the medium concentration. There were no significant differences in any of the behaviors analyzed when responses were averaged over time. The results showed that exposure to diazepam at concentrations as high as 13 µg L(-1) did not significantly impact the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varenka Lorenzi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2258 Geology Building, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
| | - Ree Choe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2258 Geology Building, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2258 Geology Building, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
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121
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McCarroll MN, Gendelev L, Keiser MJ, Kokel D. Leveraging Large-scale Behavioral Profiling in Zebrafish to Explore Neuroactive Polypharmacology. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:842-9. [PMID: 26845413 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many psychiatric drugs modulate the nervous system through multitarget mechanisms. However, systematic identification of multitarget compounds has been difficult using traditional in vitro screening assays. New approaches to phenotypic profiling in zebrafish can help researchers identify novel compounds with complex polypharmacology. For example, large-scale behavior-based chemical screens can rapidly identify large numbers of structurally diverse and phenotype-related compounds. Once these compounds have been identified, a systems-level analysis of their structures may help to identify statistically enriched target pathways. Together, systematic behavioral profiling and multitarget predictions may help researchers identify new behavior-modifying pathways and CNS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. McCarroll
- University of California San Francisco, Institute of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, 675 Nelson Rising
Lane, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Leo Gendelev
- University of California San Francisco, Institute of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, 675 Nelson Rising
Lane, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Michael J. Keiser
- University of California San Francisco, Institute of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, 675 Nelson Rising
Lane, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - David Kokel
- University of California San Francisco, Institute of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, 675 Nelson Rising
Lane, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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122
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Irish coffee: Effects of alcohol and caffeine on object discrimination in zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 143:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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123
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Cheng RK, Krishnan S, Jesuthasan S. Activation and inhibition of tph2 serotonergic neurons operate in tandem to influence larval zebrafish preference for light over darkness. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20788. [PMID: 26868164 PMCID: PMC4751628 DOI: 10.1038/srep20788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons have been implicated in a broad range of processes, but the principles underlying their effects remain a puzzle. Here, we ask how these neurons influence the tendency of larval zebrafish to swim in the light and avoid regions of darkness. Pharmacological inhibition of serotonin synthesis reduces dark avoidance, indicating an involvement of this neuromodulator. Calcium imaging of tph2-expressing cells demonstrates that a rostral subset of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons fire continuously while the animal is in darkness, but are inhibited in the light. Optogenetic manipulation of tph2 neurons by channelrhodopsin or halorhodopsin expression modifies preference, confirming a role for these neurons. In particular, these results suggest that fish prefer swimming in conditions that elicits lower activity in tph2 serotonergic neurons in the rostral raphe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Kuang Cheng
- Neural Circuitry and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Seetha Krishnan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Jesuthasan
- Neural Circuitry and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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124
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Wang Y, Li S, Liu W, Wang F, Hu LF, Zhong ZM, Wang H, Liu CF. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Vmat2) knockdown elicits anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:792-7. [PMID: 26801555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Vmat2) is widely distributed in the central nervous system, and responsible for uptaking transmitters into the vesicles. However, whether Vmat2-deficiency is related to the anxiety is rarely investigated, especially in zebrafish. Here, we reported Vmat2 heterzygous mutant zebrafish displayed anxiety-like behavior. The mutants spent less time in the top area and took longer latency to the top in the novel tank test. Consistently, they showed dark avoidance in the light/dark box test, with longer duration in the light zone and increased number of crossing between the two zones. Monoamine concentration analysis showed that the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters including dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), as well as their metabolites were decreased in VMAT mutants. Taken together, these findings suggest that Vmat2 heterzygous mutant zebrafish may serve as a new model of anxiety, which may be related with the low level of DA, 5-HT and NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Min Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clock, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clock, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing 100053, China.
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125
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Fluoxetine and diazepam acutely modulate stress induced-behavior. Behav Brain Res 2016; 296:301-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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126
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Abreu MS, Giacomini ACV, Gusso D, Rosa JGS, Koakoski G, Kalichak F, Idalêncio R, Oliveira TA, Barcellos HHA, Bonan CD, Barcellos LJG. Acute exposure to waterborne psychoactive drugs attract zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:37-43. [PMID: 26325205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychotropic medications are widely used, and their prescription has increased worldwide, consequently increasing their presence in aquatic environments. Therefore, aquatic organisms can be exposed to psychotropic drugs that may be potentially dangerous, raising the question of whether these drugs are attractive or aversive to fish. To answer this question, adult zebrafish were tested in a chamber that allows the fish to escape or seek a lane of contaminated water. These attraction and aversion paradigms were evaluated by exposing the zebrafish to the presence of acute contamination with these compounds. The zebrafish were attracted by certain concentrations of diazepam, fluoxetine, risperidone and buspirone, which were most likely detected by olfaction, because this behavior was absent in anosmic fish. These findings suggest that despite their deleterious effects, certain psychoactive drugs attract fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina V Giacomini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Darlan Gusso
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - João G S Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gessi Koakoski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kalichak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Idalêncio
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Hospital Veterinário, BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Heloísa H A Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J G Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Hospital Veterinário, BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
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127
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Reprint of "Pharmacological study of the light/dark preference test in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Waterborne administration". Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139 Pt B:141-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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128
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Mocelin R, Herrmann AP, Marcon M, Rambo CL, Rohden A, Bevilaqua F, de Abreu MS, Zanatta L, Elisabetsky E, Barcellos LJ, Lara DR, Piato AL. N-acetylcysteine prevents stress-induced anxiety behavior in zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139 Pt B:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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129
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Nazario LR, Antonioli RJ, Capiotti KM, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Bonan CD, da Silva RS. Reprint of "Caffeine protects against memory loss induced by high and non-anxiolytic dose of cannabidiol in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)". Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139 Pt B:134-40. [PMID: 26569549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been investigated in a wide spectrum of clinical approaches due to its psychopharmacological properties. CBD has low affinity for cannabinoid neuroreceptors and agonistic properties to 5-HT receptors. An interaction between cannabinoid and purinergic receptor systems has been proposed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CBD properties on memory behavioral and locomotor parameters and the effects of pre-treatment of adenosine receptor blockers on CBD impacts on memory using adult zebrafish. CBD (0.1, 0.5, 5, and 10mg/kg) was tested in the avoidance inhibitory paradigm and anxiety task. We analyzed the effect of a long-term caffeine pre-treatment (~20mg/L - four months). Also, acute block of adenosine receptors was performed in co-administration with CBD exposure in the memory assessment. CBD promoted an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in the anxiety task; in the memory assessment, CBD in the dose of 5mg/Kg promoted the strongest effects without interfering with social and aggressive behavior. Caffeine treatment was able to prevent CBD (5mg/kg) effects on memory when CBD was given after the training session. CBD effects on memory were partially prevented by co-treatment with a specific A2A adenosine receptor antagonist when given prior to or after the training session, while CBD effects after the training session were fully prevented by adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. These results indicated that zebrafish have responses to CBD anxiolytic properties that are comparable to other animal models, and high doses changed memory retention in a way dependent on adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Reali Nazario
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Régis Junior Antonioli
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Katiucia Marques Capiotti
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Waldo Zuardi
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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130
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Abreu MS, Giacomini ACV, Koakoski G, Oliveira TA, Gusso D, Baldisserotto B, Barcellos LJG. Effects of waterborne fluoxetine on stress response and osmoregulation in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:704-7. [PMID: 26414864 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of fluoxetine in aquatic environments has been reported for decades. Here, we investigate the effects of exposure to fluoxetine on the stress response and osmoregulation in zebrafish. We show that stress response alters osmoregulation and that fluoxetine inhibits these stress-related changes in osmoregulation. The results suggest that the presence of fluoxetine in aquatic ecosystems can cause changes in response to stress and osmoregulation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina V Giacomini
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gessi Koakoski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thiago A Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Darlan Gusso
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo J G Barcellos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
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131
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Schaefer IC, Siebel AM, Piato AL, Bonan CD, Vianna MR, Lara DR. The side-by-side exploratory test. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:691-6. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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132
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De Campos EG, Bruni AT, De Martinis BS. Ketamine induces anxiolytic effects in adult zebrafish: A multivariate statistics approach. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:537-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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133
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Magno LDP, Fontes A, Gonçalves BMN, Gouveia A. Pharmacological study of the light/dark preference test in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Waterborne administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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134
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Caffeine protects against memory loss induced by high and non-anxiolytic dose of cannabidiol in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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135
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Oliva Teles L, Fernandes M, Amorim J, Vasconcelos V. Video-tracking of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a biological early warning system using two distinct artificial neural networks: Probabilistic neural network (PNN) and self-organizing map (SOM). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:241-248. [PMID: 26122721 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological early warning systems (BEWS) are becoming very important tools in ecotoxicological studies because they can detect changes in the behavior of organisms exposed to toxic substances. In this work, a video tracking system was fully developed to detect the presence of commercial bleach (NaOCl) in water in three different concentrations (0.0005%; 0.0010% and 0.0020% (v/v)) during one hour of exposure. Zebrafish was selected as the test organism because it is widely used in many different areas and studies. Two distinct statistical models were developed, using probabilistic neural network (PNN) and correspondence analysis associated with self-organizing map (SOM-CA). The diagnosis was based only in the analysis of a few behavioral components of the fish, namely: mean angular velocity, mean linear velocity, spatial dispersion, mean value of the X coordinate and mean value of the Y coordinate. Both models showed good results in their diagnosis capabilities. However, the overall performance (accuracy) was always superior in the PNN model. The worst result was with the SOM-CA model, at the lowest concentration (0.0005% v/v), achieving only 65% of correct diagnosis. The best result was with the PNN model, at the highest concentration (0.0020% v/v), achieving 94% of correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Oliva Teles
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Fernandes
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Amorim
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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136
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Maximino C, Gemaque J, Benzecry R, Lima MG, Batista EDJO, Picanço-Diniz DW, Oliveira KRM, Herculano AM. Role of nitric oxide in the behavioral and neurochemical effects of IB-MECA in zebrafish. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1671-80. [PMID: 25388291 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The adenosine A3 receptor and the nitric oxide (NO) pathway regulate the function and localization of serotonin transporters (SERTs). These transporters regulate extracellular serotonin levels, which are correlated with defensive behavior. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to understand the role of the A3AR on anxiety and arousal models in zebrafish, and whether this role is mediated by the nitrergic modulation of serotonin uptake. METHODS The effects of IB-MECA (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) were assessed in a series of behavioral tasks in adult zebrafish, as well as on extracellular serotonin levels in vivo and serotonin uptake in brain homogenates. Finally, the interaction between IB-MECA and drugs blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), NO synthase, and SERT was analyzed. RESULTS At the lowest dose, IB-MECA decreased bottom dwelling and scototaxis, while at the highest dose, it also decreased shoaling, startle probability, and melanophore responses. These effects were accompanied by an increase in brain extracellular serotonin levels. IB-MECA also concentration-dependently increased serotonin uptake in vitro. The effects of IB-MECA on extracellular 5-HT, scototaxis, and geotaxis were blocked by L-NAME, while only the effects on 5-HT and scototaxis were blocked by verapamil. In vitro, the increase in 5-HT uptake was dependent on VDCCs and NO. Finally, fluoxetine blocked the effect of IB-MECA on scototaxis, but not geotaxis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the effect of IB-MECA on scototaxis are mediated by a VDCC-NO-SERT pathway. While NO seems to mediate the effects of IB-MECA on geotaxis, neither VDCCs nor SERT seems to be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Núcleo Universitário de Marabá, Marabá, PA, Brazil,
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137
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Altenhofen S, Zimmermann FF, Barreto LS, Bortolotto JW, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Bonan CD. Benzodiazepines alter nucleotide and nucleoside hydrolysis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1077-88. [PMID: 25772464 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is characterized by unpleasant bodily sensations, such as pounding heart and intense fear. The therapy involves the administration of benzodiazepine drugs. Purinergic signaling participates in the induction of several behavioral patterns and their actions are inactivated by ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Since there is evidence about the involvement of purinergic system in the actions mediated by benzodiazepines, we evaluated the effects in vitro and in vivo of administration of diazepam and midazolam on nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and ADA activities in zebrafish brain, followed by the analysis of gene expression pattern of these enzymes and adenosine receptors (A1, A2a1, A2a2, A2b). The in vitro studies demonstrated that diazepam decreased ATP (66 % for 500 µM) and ADP hydrolysis (40-54 % for 10-500 µM, respectively). Midazolam decreased ATP (16-71 % for 10-500 µM, respectively) and ADP (48-73.5 % for 250-500 µM, respectively) hydrolysis as well as the ecto-ADA activity (26-27.5 % for 10-500 µM, respectively). AMP hydrolysis was decreased in animals treated with of 0.5 and 1 mg/L midazolam (32 and 36 %, respectively). Diazepam and midazolam decreased the ecto-ADA activity at 1.25 mg/L and 1 mg/L (31 and 33 %, respectively), but only 0.1 mg/L midazolam induced an increase (40 %) in cytosolic ADA. The gene expression analysis demonstrated changes on ecto-5'-nucleotidase, A1, A2a1, A2a2, and A2b mRNA transcript levels after acute treatment with benzodiazepines. These findings demonstrated that benzodiazepine exposure induces a modulation of extracellular nucleotide and nucleoside metabolism, suggesting the purinergic signaling may be, at least in part, related to benzodiazepine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Altenhofen
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 12D, sala 301, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
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138
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Herculano AM, Maximino C. Serotonergic modulation of zebrafish behavior: towards a paradox. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:50-66. [PMID: 24681196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fish-specific genome duplication event (~320-350 mya), some genes which code for serotonin proteins were duplicated in teleosts; this duplication event was preceded by a reorganization of the serotonergic system, with the appearance of the raphe nuclei (dependent on the isthmus organizer) and prosencephalic nuclei, including the paraventricular and pretectal complexes. With the appearance of amniotes, duplicated genes were lost, and the serotonergic system was reduced to a more complex raphe system. From a comparative point of view, then, the serotonergic system of zebrafish and that of mammals shows many important differences. However, many different behavioral functions of serotonin, as well as the effects of drugs which affect the serotonergic system, seem to be conserved among species. For example, in both zebrafish and rodents acute serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) seem to increase anxiety-like behavior, while chronic SSRIs decrease it; drugs which act at the 5-HT1A receptor seem to decrease anxiety-like behavior in both zebrafish and rodents. In this article, we will expose this paradox, reviewing the chemical neuroanatomy of the zebrafish serotonergic system, followed by an analysis of the role of serotonin in zebrafish fear/anxiety, stress, aggression and the effects of psychedelic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; "Frederico Graeff" Neurosciences and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Caio Maximino
- "Frederico Graeff" Neurosciences and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Marabá, PA, Brazil; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, United States.
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139
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Developing zebrafish models relevant to PTSD and other trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:67-79. [PMID: 25138994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma- and stress-related disorders (TSRDs) represent a serious societal and public health concern, their pathogenesis is largely unknown. Given the clinical complexity of TSRD development and susceptibility, greater investigation into candidate biomarkers and specific genetic pathways implicated in both risk and resilience to trauma becomes critical. In line with this, numerous animal models have been extensively used to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of PTSD and related TSRD. Here, we discuss the rapidly increasing potential of zebrafish as models of these disorders, and how their use may aid researchers in uncovering novel treatments and therapies in this field.
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140
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Brodin T, Piovano S, Fick J, Klaminder J, Heynen M, Jonsson M. Ecological effects of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems--impacts through behavioural alterations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130580. [PMID: 25405968 PMCID: PMC4213591 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of animal behaviour is important for both ecology and ecotoxicology, yet research in these two fields is currently developing independently. Here, we synthesize the available knowledge on drug-induced behavioural alterations in fish, discuss potential ecological consequences and report results from an experiment in which we quantify both uptake and behavioural impact of a psychiatric drug on a predatory fish (Perca fluviatilis) and its invertebrate prey (Coenagrion hastulatum). We show that perch became more active while damselfly behaviour was unaffected, illustrating that behavioural effects of pharmaceuticals can differ between species. Furthermore, we demonstrate that prey consumption can be an important exposure route as on average 46% of the pharmaceutical in ingested prey accumulated in the predator. This suggests that investigations of exposure through bioconcentration, where trophic interactions and subsequent bioaccumulation of exposed individuals are ignored, underestimate exposure. Wildlife may therefore be exposed to higher levels of behaviourally altering pharmaceuticals than predictions based on commonly used exposure assays and pharmaceutical concentrations found in environmental monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martina Heynen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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141
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Holcombe A, Schalomon M, Hamilton TJ. A novel method of drug administration to multiple zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the quantification of withdrawal. J Vis Exp 2014:e51851. [PMID: 25407925 DOI: 10.3791/51851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety testing in zebrafish is often studied in combination with the application of pharmacological substances. In these studies, fish are routinely netted and transported between home aquaria and dosing tanks. In order to enhance the ease of compound administration, a novel method for transferring fish between tanks for drug administration was developed. Inserts that are designed for spawning were used to transfer groups of fish into the drug solution, allowing accurate dosing of all fish in the group. This increases the precision and efficiency of dosing, which becomes very important in long schedules of repeated drug administration. We implemented this procedure for use in a study examining the behavior of zebrafish in the light/dark test after administering ethanol with differing 21 day schedules. In fish exposed to daily-moderate amounts of alcohol there was a significant difference in location preference after 2 days of withdrawal when compared to the control group. However, a significant difference in location preference in a group exposed to weekly-binge administration was not observed. This protocol can be generalized for use with all types of compounds that are water-soluble and may be used in any situation when the behavior of fish during or after long schedules of drug administration is being examined. The light/dark test is also a valuable method of assessing withdrawal-induced changes in anxiety.
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142
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Nowicki M, Tran S, Muraleetharan A, Markovic S, Gerlai R. Serotonin antagonists induce anxiolytic and anxiogenic-like behavior in zebrafish in a receptor-subtype dependent manner. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 126:170-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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143
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Maximino C, Lima MG, Costa CC, Guedes IML, Herculano AM. Fluoxetine and WAY 100,635 dissociate increases in scototaxis and analgesia induced by conspecific alarm substance in zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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144
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Diazepam and fluoxetine decrease the stress response in zebrafish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103232. [PMID: 25054216 PMCID: PMC4108411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical products in the aquatic environment has been reported in several studies. However, the impact of these drugs on living organisms is still uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the effects of acute exposure to either diazepam or fluoxetine on the stress response in Danio rerio. We showed that diazepam and fluoxetine inhibited the stress axis in zebrafish. Intermediate concentrations of diazepam suppressed the stress response as measured by cortisol levels, whereas fluoxetine inhibited cortisol increase at concentrations similar to those found in the environment. These data suggest that the presence of psychoactive drugs in aquatic ecosystems could cause neuroendocrine dysfunction in fish.
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145
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Siebel AM, Vianna MR, Bonan CD. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of lithium in zebrafish. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:468-76. [PMID: 24798681 DOI: 10.1021/cn500046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is the paradigmatic treatment for bipolar disorder and has been widely used as a mood stabilizer due to its ability to reduce manic and depressive episodes, efficiency in long-term mood stabilization, and effectiveness in reducing suicide risks. Despite many decades of clinical use, the molecular targets of lithium are not completely understood. However, they are credited at least partially to glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition, mimicking and exacerbating Wnt signaling pathway activation. There has been a great effort to characterize lithium cellular and system actions, aiming to improve treatment effectiveness and reduce side effects. There is also a growing concern about lithium's impact as an environmental contaminant and its effects on development. In this scenario, zebrafish is a helpful model organism to gather more information on lithium's effects in different systems and developmental stages. The rapid external development, initial transparency, capacity to easily absorb substances, and little space required for maintenance and experimentation, among other advantages, make zebrafish a suitable model. In addition, zebrafish has been established as an effective model organism in behavioral and neuropharmacological studies, reacting to a wide range of psychoactive drugs, including lithium. So far only a limited number of studies evaluated the toxicological impact of lithium on zebrafish development and demonstrated morphological, physiological, and behavioral effects that may be informative regarding human findings. Further studies dedicated to characterize and evaluate the underlying mechanisms of the toxic effects and the potential impact of exposure on developing and adult individuals are necessary to establish safe clinical management guidelines for women with bipolar disorder of childbearing age and safety disposal guidelines for pharmaceutical neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Siebel
- Laboratório
de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av.
Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- ZebLab,
Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Monica R. Vianna
- ZebLab,
Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Laboratório
de Biologia e Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av.
Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12 D, sala 301, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Carla D. Bonan
- Laboratório
de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av.
Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- ZebLab,
Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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146
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Connors KA, Valenti TW, Lawless K, Sackerman J, Onaivi ES, Brooks BW, Gould GG. Similar anxiolytic effects of agonists targeting serotonin 5-HT1A or cannabinoid CB receptors on zebrafish behavior in novel environments. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 151:105-13. [PMID: 24411165 PMCID: PMC3989442 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine are present and bioaccumulate in aquatic ecosystems have spurred studies of fish serotonin transporters (SERTs) and changes in SSRI-sensitive behaviors as adverse outcomes relevant for risk assessment. Many SSRIs also act at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors. Since capitalizing on this action may improve treatments of clinical depression and other psychiatric disorders, novel multimodal drugs that agonize 5-HT1A and block SERT were introduced. In mammals both 5-HT1A and CB agonists, such as buspirone and WIN55,212-2, reduce anxious behaviors. Immunological and behavioral evidence suggests that 5-HT1A-like receptors may function similarly in zebrafish (Danio rerio), yet their pharmacological properties are not well characterized. Herein we compared the density of [(3)H] 8-hydroxy-2-di-n-propylamino tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) binding to 5-HT1A-like sites in the zebrafish brain, to that of similarly Gαi/o-coupled cannabinoid receptors. [(3)H] 8-OH-DPAT specific binding was 176±8, 275±32, and 230±36fmol/mg protein in the hypothalamus, optic tectum, and telencephalon. [(3)H] WIN55,212-2 binding density was higher in those same brain regions at 6±0.3, 5.5±0.4 and 7.3±0.3pm/mg protein. The aquatic light-dark plus maze was used to examine behavioral effects of 5-HT1A and CB receptor agonists on zebrafish novelty-based anxiety. With acute exposure to the 5-HT1A partial-agonist buspirone (50mg/L), or dietary exposure to WIN55,212-2 (7μg/week) zebrafish spent more time in and/or entered white arms more often than controls (p<0.05). Acute exposure to WIN55,212-2 at 0.5-50mg/L reduced mobility. These behavioral findings suggest that azipirones, like cannabinoid agonists, have anxiolytic and/or sedative properties on fish in novel environments. These observations highlight the need to consider potential ecological risks of azapirones and multimodal antidepressants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Connors
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Theodore W Valenti
- Department of Environmental Science, The Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA(1); Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Greensboro, NC 27419, USA(2)
| | - Kelly Lawless
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - James Sackerman
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Onaivi
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA; Department of Environmental Science, The Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA(1)
| | - Georgianna G Gould
- Department of Physiology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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147
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An integrative analysis of ethanol tolerance and withdrawal in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:161-70. [PMID: 24598276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is emerging as a popular animal model for alcohol (ethanol or EtOH) addiction due to its simplicity and practical advantages. Two phenomena associated with ethanol addiction are the development of tolerance and withdrawal. Using a multi-level approach in the current study, we characterise ethanol tolerance and withdrawal in zebrafish. We first investigate the temporal trajectory of ethanol concentration in the zebrafish brain in response to an acute exposure and during withdrawal. We report that ethanol concentrations approach a steady state within 60 min of exposure to 0.50% and 1.00% v/v ethanol and rapidly decline and return to zero within 60 min following withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure (0.50% v/v). We characterise the changes associated with ethanol tolerance and withdrawal in zebrafish by focusing on three domains relevant to ethanol addiction: motor patterns, physiological responses (i.e. cortisol levels), and neurochemical alterations. The use of multiple domains of investigation allowed an in-depth analysis of ethanol induced changes in zebrafish.
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148
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Hebert OL, Lavin LE, Marks JM, Dzieweczynski TL. The effects of 17α-ethinyloestradiol on boldness and its relationship to decision making in male Siamese fighting fish. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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149
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Maaswinkel H, Zhu L, Weng W. Using an automated 3D-tracking system to record individual and shoals of adult zebrafish. J Vis Exp 2013:50681. [PMID: 24336189 PMCID: PMC4044921 DOI: 10.3791/50681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Like many aquatic animals, zebrafish (Danio rerio) moves in a 3D space. It is thus preferable to use a 3D recording system to study its behavior. The presented automatic video tracking system accomplishes this by using a mirror system and a calibration procedure that corrects for the considerable error introduced by the transition of light from water to air. With this system it is possible to record both single and groups of adult zebrafish. Before use, the system has to be calibrated. The system consists of three modules: Recording, Path Reconstruction, and Data Processing. The step-by-step protocols for calibration and using the three modules are presented. Depending on the experimental setup, the system can be used for testing neophobia, white aversion, social cohesion, motor impairments, novel object exploration etc. It is especially promising as a first-step tool to study the effects of drugs or mutations on basic behavioral patterns. The system provides information about vertical and horizontal distribution of the zebrafish, about the xyz-components of kinematic parameters (such as locomotion, velocity, acceleration, and turning angle) and it provides the data necessary to calculate parameters for social cohesions when testing shoals.
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150
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Brandão FP, Rodrigues S, Castro BB, Gonçalves F, Antunes SC, Nunes B. Short-term effects of neuroactive pharmaceutical drugs on a fish species: biochemical and behavioural effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:218-29. [PMID: 24184841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment is receiving great attention since significant levels of contamination have been found, not only in sewage treatment plant effluents, but also in open waters. In our study, the toxicity of three anticonvulsant drugs commonly found in the environment (diazepam, carbamazepine, and phenytoin) was evaluated in Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed sunfish). This study focused on oxidative stress parameters, namely: glutathione reductase (GRed), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) in the hepatic, digestive, and gill tissues of exposed animals. Simultaneously, we assessed the effects of these drugs in terms of behavioural parameters, such as scototaxis and activity. Exposure to diazepam caused an increase in GST activities in the gills and an inhibition of GRed in the digestive tract, relative to control, suggesting an antioxidant response. It also caused fish to spend more time swimming and less time in a refuge area (black compartment of an aquarium). Exposure to carbamazepine caused an increase in GSTs and GRed activity in the digestive tract, which is not always consistent with the literature. A significant positive correlation was found between carbamazepine concentration and time spent in motion and a negative correlation with time spent in black compartment. Exposure to phenytoin was responsible for adaptive responses in the activities of CAT and GSTs (in the liver), but it did not elicit any behavioural alterations. Although all three drugs seemed to induce oxidative stress in some organs, peroxidative damage (measured as TBARS concentrations) was not found at the selected range of concentrations. Our results enlighten the need for more research on the ecological consequences of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, especially drugs that interfere with the CNS and behaviour, because the net outcome of these effects may be difficult to predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Brandão
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus of Santiago, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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