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Elliott SE, Parchim NF, Kellems RE, Xia Y, Soffici AR, Daugherty PS. A pre-eclampsia-associated Epstein-Barr virus antibody cross-reacts with placental GPR50. Clin Immunol 2016; 168:64-71. [PMID: 27181993 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To characterize antibody specificities associated with pre-eclampsia (PE), bacterial displayed peptide library screening and evolution was applied to identify peptide epitopes recognized by plasma antibodies present in women with PE near the time of delivery. Pre-eclamptic women exhibited elevated IgG1 titers towards a peptide epitope KRPSCIGCK within the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1). EBNA-1 epitope antibodies cross-reacted with a similar epitope within the extracellular N-terminus of the human G protein-coupled receptor, GPR50, expressed in human placental tissue and immortalized placental trophoblast cells. We observed increased antibody binding activity to epitopes from EBNA-1 and GPR50 among women with PE (n=42) compared to healthy-outcome pregnancies (n=43) and nulligravid samples (n=21). The EBNA-1 peptide potently blocked binding of the PE-associated antibody to the GPR50 epitope (IC50=58-81pM). These results reveal the existence of molecular mimicry between EBNA-1 and placental GPR50, supporting a mechanism for IgG1 deposition in the pre-eclamptic placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra E Elliott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Nicholas F Parchim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yang Xia
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Alex R Soffici
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cottage Health System, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA.
| | - Patrick S Daugherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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102
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Maternal fructose drives placental uric acid production leading to adverse fetal outcomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25091. [PMID: 27125896 PMCID: PMC4850405 DOI: 10.1038/srep25091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic diseases increase offspring risk for low birth weight and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Excess fructose consumption may confer metabolic risks for both women and their offspring. However, the direct consequences of fructose intake per se are unknown. We assessed the impact of a maternal high-fructose diet on the fetal-placental unit in mice in the absence of metabolic syndrome and determined the association between maternal serum fructose and placental uric acid levels in humans. In mice, maternal fructose consumption led to placental inefficiency, fetal growth restriction, elevated fetal serum glucose and triglyceride levels. In the placenta, fructose induced de novo uric acid synthesis by activating the activities of the enzymes AMP deaminase and xanthine oxidase. Moreover, the placentas had increased lipids and altered expression of genes that control oxidative stress. Treatment of mothers with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol reduced placental uric acid levels, prevented placental inefficiency, and improved fetal weights and serum triglycerides. Finally, in 18 women delivering at term, maternal serum fructose levels significantly correlated with placental uric acid levels. These findings suggest that in mice, excess maternal fructose consumption impairs placental function via a xanthine oxidase/uric acid-dependent mechanism, and similar effects may occur in humans.
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103
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Subsequent risk of gout for women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. J Hypertens 2016; 34:914-9. [PMID: 26886561 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the risk of subsequent gout and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia has not been well investigated. We investigated the risk of gout in later life for women with a history of HDP. METHODS We identified 1133 newly diagnosed HDP women aged 14-40 years from Taiwan insurance claims data from the period of 2000-2010. From the same database, 9064 women without HDP were randomly selected as the control cohort, with frequency matched by age and diagnosis year. Those with a baseline history of hypertension or gout were excluded from this study. All study participants were followed until the development of gout, withdrawal from the insurance program, or the end of 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the risk for gout in the HDP cohort compared with the controls. RESULTS The incidence of gout was 2.83 folds higher in the HDP cohort than in the control cohort (2.66 vs. 0.94 per 1000 person-years) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.34 (95% confidence interval = 1.36-4.02) and 1.84 (95% confidence interval = 1.03-3.32) after controlling for comorbidities prior to and after pregnancy, respectively. In addition, the risk for gout increased as the severity of HDP increased. CONCLUSION Women with HDP are at higher risk of developing gout in their later life. Close surveillance for hyperuricemia and lifestyle intervention should be considered for these high risk women. Further prospective study is needed for investigating the relationship between HDP and subsequent gout.
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104
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Kell DB, Kenny LC. A Dormant Microbial Component in the Development of Preeclampsia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:60. [PMID: 27965958 PMCID: PMC5126693 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex, multisystem disorder that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Four main classes of dysregulation accompany PE and are widely considered to contribute to its severity. These are abnormal trophoblast invasion of the placenta, anti-angiogenic responses, oxidative stress, and inflammation. What is lacking, however, is an explanation of how these themselves are caused. We here develop the unifying idea, and the considerable evidence for it, that the originating cause of PE (and of the four classes of dysregulation) is, in fact, microbial infection, that most such microbes are dormant and hence resist detection by conventional (replication-dependent) microbiology, and that by occasional resuscitation and growth it is they that are responsible for all the observable sequelae, including the continuing, chronic inflammation. In particular, bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, are well known as highly inflammagenic and stimulate an innate (and possibly trained) immune response that exacerbates the inflammation further. The known need of microbes for free iron can explain the iron dysregulation that accompanies PE. We describe the main routes of infection (gut, oral, and urinary tract infection) and the regularly observed presence of microbes in placental and other tissues in PE. Every known proteomic biomarker of "preeclampsia" that we assessed has, in fact, also been shown to be raised in response to infection. An infectious component to PE fulfills the Bradford Hill criteria for ascribing a disease to an environmental cause and suggests a number of treatments, some of which have, in fact, been shown to be successful. PE was classically referred to as endotoxemia or toxemia of pregnancy, and it is ironic that it seems that LPS and other microbial endotoxins really are involved. Overall, the recognition of an infectious component in the etiology of PE mirrors that for ulcers and other diseases that were previously considered to lack one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- *Correspondence: Douglas B. Kell,
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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105
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Kumar A, Hens A, Arun RK, Chatterjee M, Mahato K, Layek K, Chanda N. A paper based microfluidic device for easy detection of uric acid using positively charged gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2015; 140:1817-21. [PMID: 25655365 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A paper based microfluidic device is fabricated that can rapidly detect very low concentrations of uric acid (UA) using 3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl benzidine (TMB), H2O2 and positively charged gold nanoparticles ((+)AuNPs). In the presence of (+)AuNPs, H2O2 reacts with TMB to produce a bluish-green colour which becomes colourless on reaction with UA. This colorimetric method can detect as low as 8.1 ppm of UA within <20 minutes on white filter paper. This technique provides an alternative way for UA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Micro System Technology Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, India.
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106
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Weissgerber TL, Milic NM, Turner ST, Asad RA, Mosley TH, Kardia SLR, Hanis CL, Garovic VD. Uric Acid: A Missing Link Between Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders and Future Cardiovascular Disease? Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1207-16. [PMID: 26260220 PMCID: PMC4567408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether women who had a hypertensive pregnancy disorder (HPD) have elevated uric acid concentrations decades after pregnancy as compared with women who had normotensive pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study measured uric acid concentrations in Hispanic (30%), non-Hispanic white (28%), and non-Hispanic black (42%) women (mean age, 60 ± 10 years). This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. Hispanic participants were recruited from families with high rates of diabetes, whereas non-Hispanic participants were recruited from families with high rates of hypertension. This analysis compared uric acid concentrations in women with a history of normotensive (n = 1846) or hypertensive (n = 408) pregnancies by logistic regression. RESULTS Women who had an HPD had higher uric acid concentrations (median, 5.7 mg/dL vs 5.3 mg/dL; P < .001) and were more likely to have uric acid concentrations above 5.5 mg/dL (54.4% vs 42.4%; P = .001) than were women who had normotensive pregnancies. These differences persisted after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and other factors that affect uric acid concentrations. A family-based subgroup analysis comparing uric acid concentrations in women who had an HPD (n = 308) and their parous sisters who had normotensive pregnancies (n = 250) gave similar results (median uric acid concentrations, 5.7 mg/dL vs 5.2 mg/dL, P = 0.02; proportion of women with uric acid concentrations > 5.5 mg/dL, 54.0% vs 40.3%, P < .001). CONCLUSION Decades after pregnancy, women who had an HPD have higher uric acid concentrations. This effect does not appear to be explained by a familial predisposition to elevated uric acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasa M Milic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Reem A Asad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Al Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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107
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Elagwany AS, Eldayem TMA, Karkour TAZ, ELdeghedy AAE, Morsy HR. The application of serum cystatin C in estimating the renal function in women with severe preeclamptic toxemia. PROGRESOS DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGÍA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pog.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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108
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Matias ML, Romão M, Weel IC, Ribeiro VR, Nunes PR, Borges VT, Araújo JP, Peraçoli JC, de Oliveira L, Peraçoli MT. Endogenous and Uric Acid-Induced Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129095. [PMID: 26053021 PMCID: PMC4459873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a specific syndrome of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. This pathology is associated with hyperuricemia and elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Uric acid crystals may activate an intracellular complex called inflammasome, which is important for processing and release of inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the state of monocyte activation, both endogenous and stimulated with monosodium urate (MSU), by gene expression of NLRP1 and NLRP3 receptors as well as their association with inflammatory cytokines expression. Monocytes were obtained from peripheral blood of 23 preeclamptic pregnant women, 23 normotensive pregnant women (NT) and 23 healthy non-pregnant women (NP). Inflammasome activation was evaluated by the gene expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α by RT-qPCR in unstimulated monocytes (endogenous expression), or after cell stimulation with MSU (stimulated expression). The concentration of cytokines was assessed by ELISA. In preeclamptic pregnant women, gene expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and TNF-α by monocytes stimulated or not with MSU was significantly higher than in NT and NP groups. Stimulation of monocytes from preeclamptic and non-pregnant women with MSU induced increased gene expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and TNF-α in relation to the endogenous expression in these groups, while this was not observed in the NT group. The cytokine determination showed that monocytes from women with PE produced higher endogenous levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α compared to the other groups, while the stimulus with MSU led to higher production of these cytokines in preeclamptic group than in the NT group. In conclusion, the results showed increased basal gene expression of NLRP1 and NLRP3 receptors in monocytes from PE group. These cells stimulation with MSU demonstrates that uric acid plays a role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting the participation of this inflammatory complex in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Leticia Matias
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Romão
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Cristina Weel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rocha Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rezeck Nunes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Therezinha Borges
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Peraçoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Peraçoli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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109
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Serum uric acid may not be involved in the development of preeclampsia. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 30:136-40. [PMID: 25994995 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher serum levels of uric acid are associated with preeclampsia and may signal an early change in preeclampsia. However there is less evidence suggesting there is a meaningful association between uric acid and the development of preeclampsia. A total of 877 women with preeclampsia at presentation and 580 normotensive pregnancies were retrospectively recruited from January 2009 to May 2014. In addition, 5556 pregnant women were also prospectively recruited from September 2012 to December 2013. Retrospective serum levels of uric acid were obtained from women with preeclampsia at the time of presentation (n=877), and serum levels of uric acid in the first, second and third trimester were prospectively collected in women who later developed preeclampsia (n=78), as well as those who did not (n=5478). The serum levels of uric acid were significantly increased in women with preeclampsia at presentation from retrospective samples and this increase correlated with the time of onset and the severity of preeclampsia. However, in prospective samples, serum levels of uric acid were not increased in the first and second trimesters in women who later developed preeclampsia compared with those who did not. The serum level of uric acid in the first and second trimesters in women who developed preeclampsia was not different. Our results demonstrate that the serum levels of uric acid were only increased after the presentation of clinical symptoms of preeclampsia. Therefore, it is likely that uric acid is not involved in the development of preeclampsia and cannot be an early prediction biomarker of this disease.
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110
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Kac G, Mendes RH, Farias DR, Eshriqui I, Rebelo F, Benaim C, Vilela AAF, Lima NS, Peres WAF, Salles GF. Hepatic, renal and inflammatory biomarkers are positively associated with blood pressure changes in healthy pregnant women: a prospective cohort. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e683. [PMID: 25997037 PMCID: PMC4602876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This article evaluates the association of hepatic, renal, and inflammatory biomarkers with changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) during healthy pregnancies.A prospective cohort study with 225 healthy pregnant women was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SBP and DBP were evaluated throughout pregnancy (5th-13th, 20th-26th, and 30th-36th gestational weeks) and were the outcomes. The following biomarkers were measured at the first trimester and analyzed according to tertiles of the sample distribution and were considered the main independent predictors: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. The statistical analysis included 3 stages of modeling with the longitudinal linear mixed-effects procedures: Model 1 was adjusted for gestational age and quadratic gestational age; Model 2 included interactions between the biomarkers and gestational age; and Model 3 was adjusted for self-reported skin color, education, parity, early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (under/normal <25; overweight/obese ≥25 kg/m), smoking habit, and leisure-time physical activity. Additional models were performed for CRP and UA with the inclusion of interaction terms between the biomarkers and BMI.Women classified in the third tertile of the ALP (≥61.1 U/L; βSBP = 3.474; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.955-5.992; βDBP = 3.291; 95% CI: 1.098-5.485), ALT (≥14.3 U/L; βSBP = 2.232; 95% CI: 0.221-4.242; βDBP = 2.355; 95% CI: 0.721-3.989), and Cr values (≥48.6 μmol/L; βDBP = 1.927; 95% CI: 0.347-3.508) presented higher BP levels during pregnancy compared to those in the first and second tertiles. Women in the highest tertile of the ALP concentration distribution presented a lower rate of change in SBP and DBP during pregnancy (interaction term with gestational age βSBP = -0.004; 95% CI: -0.007 to -0.001; P = 0.02; βDBP = -0.003; 95% CI: -0.006 to -0.001; P = 0.01). Higher UA concentrations were associated with higher SBP levels only in overweight/obese women (β = 3.878; 95% CI: 0.687-7.068), whereas higher CRP concentrations (≥2.6 mg/L) were associated with higher DBP in under/normal weight women (β =2.252; 95% CI: 0.267-4.236).ALP, ALT, and Cr concentrations were positively associated with BP levels, whereas ALP was associated with a lower rate of change in BP. The associations of UA and CRP with BP differ according to the early-pregnancy BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Kac
- From the Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory (GK, DRF, IE, FR, CB, AAFV, NSL), Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) (RHM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Graduate Program in Nutrition (GK, DRF, IE, CB, AAFV, NSL), Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Graduate Program in Epidemiology in Public Health (FR), National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (WAFP), Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; and Department of Internal Medicine (GFS), University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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111
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Nasri K, Razavi M, Rezvanfar MR, Mashhadi E, Chehrei A, Mohammadbeigi A. Mid-gestational serum uric acid concentration effect on neonate birth weight and insulin resistance in pregnant women. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2015; 5:17-20. [PMID: 25810959 PMCID: PMC4366822 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.152309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between mid-gestational serum uric acid and birth weight in diabetic pregnant women with or without insulin resistance. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, fasting uric acid, blood glucose, and serum insulin were measured in 247 pregnant women between 20-22 weeks of gestational period. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Stratification analysis and independent t-test was used to assess the association between uric acid and birth weights regarding to insulin resistance. Results: The means of the mid-gestational serum uric acid concentrations were not significantly different in women with and without insulin resistance. But stratification analysis showed that there was a significant difference between uric acid concentration and macrosomic birth in diabetic women without insulin resistance. Conclusions: Higher mid – gestation serum uric acid concentration, even if it does not exceed the normal range, is accompanied by lower birth weight only in non-insulin resistance women. Insulin resistance could have a negative confounding effect on hyperuriemia and birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Nasri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryamsadat Razavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Esmat Mashhadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Chehrei
- Thyroid Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Policy and Promotion Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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112
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Schmella MJ, Clifton RG, Althouse AD, Roberts JM. Uric Acid Determination in Gestational Hypertension: Is it as Effective a Delineator of Risk as Proteinuria in High-Risk Women? Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1212-9. [PMID: 25717062 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115572477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We asked, is uric acid as effective as proteinuria at identifying perinatal risk in high-risk women with gestational hypertension? Uric acid was measured in samples obtained ≈4.6 weeks predelivery in 259 women with prior preeclampsia from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development network study of low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia. Participants were grouped according to the presence/absence of gestational hypertension (H), proteinuria (P), and hyperuricemia (U). Adverse perinatal outcomes were not different between H or U and women with normal values (normal blood pressure, urinary protein, and uric acid [NNN]). Preterm birth was greater in hypertension and proteinuria (HP) and hypertension and hyperuricemia (HU) compared to NNN (relative risk [RR] = 2.4, P = .03 and 3.8, P < .01), respectively. In addition, in HU women, delivery was earlier (36.6 ± 3.4 vs 38.4 ± 2.3 weeks, P < .001) and small for gestational age infants <fifth centile more frequent (RR = 8.2, P = .01) compared to NNN women. This study sought to determine if uric acid is as effective as proteinuria at identifying perinatal risk in high-risk women with gestational hypertension. Our results suggest that hyperuricemia is at least as accurate as proteinuria at identifying perinatal risk in high-risk women with gestational hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J Schmella
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca G Clifton
- The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Andrew D Althouse
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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113
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Vyakaranam S, Bhongir AV, Patlolla D, Chintapally R. Study of serum uric acid and creatinine in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 4:1424-1428. [PMID: 27175365 PMCID: PMC4862615 DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2015.15042015294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal dysfunction, increased xanthine oxidase activity and oxidative stress in placenta contributes to the elevated uric acid levels in preeclampsia (PE). OBJECTIVE To determine serum uric acid and creatinine in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and correlate with fetal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant women ≥32 weeks of gestation. Study population included 3 groups, 31 normotensive pregnant (NP) women as controls, 30 pregnant women with gestational hypertension (GH) and 30 with PE. RESULT Serum uric acid and creatinine levels were significantly elevated in PE (6.26±1.19 and 0.94±0.26 mg/dL) when compared with Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (4.27± 1.0 and 0.66 ±0.19 mg/dL) and NP (4.25 ± 0.8 and 0.63± 0.13 mg/dL) (P-value <0.001 and <0.001) respectively. Receiver operation characteristics curves demonstrated greater sensitivity and specificity for uric acid (86.7% and 83.9%, respectively) in PE than for creatinine (80% and 77.4%, respectively). Uric acid had strong and negative correlation with fetal birth weight in PE (r = -0.59, P = 0.006), where as creatinine had negative but weak correlation (r= -0.03, P=0.87). CONCLUSION Serum uric acid is a better diagnostic and predictive marker for PE and fetal outcome respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Vyakaranam
- Department of Biochemistry, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur, Medchal Mandal Ranga, Reddy District, Telangana, India
| | - Aparna Varma Bhongir
- Department of Biochemistry, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur, Medchal Mandal Ranga, Reddy District, Telangana, India
| | - Dakshayani Patlolla
- Department of Biochemistry, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur, Medchal Mandal Ranga, Reddy District, Telangana, India
| | - Rekha Chintapally
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur, Medchal Mandal Ranga, Reddy District, Telangana, India
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Sachan R, Patel M, Gaurav A, Gangwar R, Sachan P. Correlation of serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin with disease severity in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:223. [PMID: 25538909 PMCID: PMC4260273 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.145690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial dysfunction is considered central to the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Serum level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is closely related to endothelial injury. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of serum NGAL with disease severity in HDP. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective case-control study was carried out for one year. After informed consent, ethical clearance, total 1,850 pregnant women were screened. Analysis was performed on 142 cases of HDP and 31 healthy controls. Quantitative measurement of serum NGAL levels was done by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, by using sandwich ELISA kit. RESULTS Mean serum NGAL value in patients with oliguria was significantly higher when compared with non-oliguric patients (P < 0.001). Serum NGAL had a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure (r ~ 0.5973), diastolic blood pressure (r ~ 0.6195), blood urea (r ~ 0.4392), serum creatinine (r ~ 0.6112), serum uric acid (r ~ 0.3878). Sensitivity and specificity of serum NGAL using a cut-off value of 545 pg/ml, for the diagnosis of HDP, was 97.89% and 93.55% respectively, using 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSION Between the two groups, we found that serum NGAL had a positive correlation with disease severity and better sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sachan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ml Patel
- Department of Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrita Gaurav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radheshyam Gangwar
- Department of Critical Care, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpalata Sachan
- Department of Physiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Uric Acid as a Predictor of Adverse Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women Hospitalized With Preeclampsia. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2014; 36:870-877. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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116
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Kocic G, Pavlovic R, Nikolic G, Veljkovic A, Panseri S, Chiesa LM, Andjelkovic T, Jevtovic-Stoimenov T, Sokolovic D, Cvetkovic T, Stojanovic S, Kocic H, Nikolic R. Effect of commercial or depurinized milk on rat liver growth-regulatory kinases, nuclear factor-kappa B, and endonuclease in experimental hyperuricemia: comparison with allopurinol therapy. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4029-42. [PMID: 24835972 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a biochemical hallmark of gout, renal urate lithiasis, and inherited purine disorders, and may be a result of enormous ATP breakdown or purine release as a result of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease, eclampsia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, psoriasis, tumor lysis syndrome, or intense physical training. The beneficial role of dairy products on hyperuricemia management and prevention is well documented in the literature. The primary aim of our experimental study was to examine the effect of milk dietary regimen (commercial 1.5% fat UHT milk or patented depurinized milk) compared with allopurinol therapy on experimental hyperuricemia induced by oxonic acid in rats. Principal component analysis was applied on a data set consisting of 11 variables for 8 different experimental groups. Among the 11 parameters measured (plasma uric acid and the liver parameters NFκB-p65, Akt kinase/phospho-Akt kinase, ERK kinase/phospho-ERK kinase, IRAK kinase/phospho IRAK kinase, p38/phospho-p38, and DNase), Akt/phospho Akt and ERK/phospho-ERK signaling were extracted as the most discriminating. We also compared the content of various potentially toxic compounds (sulfur compounds, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids, and phthalates) in untreated commercial milk and depurinized milk. Of all the compounds investigated in this study that were observed in commercial milk (24 volatile organic compounds and 4 phthalates), 6 volatile organic compounds were not detected in depurinized milk. For almost all of the other compounds, significant decreases in concentration were observed in depurinized milk compared with commercial milk. In conclusion, a depurinized milk diet may be recommended in nutritional treatment of primary and secondary hyperuricemia to avoid uric acid and other volatile, potentially toxic compounds that may slow down liver regeneration and may induce chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kocic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia.
| | - R Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - G Nikolic
- Department of Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - A Veljkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - T Andjelkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - T Jevtovic-Stoimenov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - D Sokolovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - T Cvetkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - S Stojanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - H Kocic
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - R Nikolic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
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Kanninen TT, Jayaram A, Jaffe Lifshitz S, Witkin SS. Altered autophagy induction by sera from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia: a case-control study. BJOG 2014; 121:958-64. [PMID: 24690242 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanisms leading to pre-eclampsia remain incompletely defined. Autophagy is a conserved process necessary for cell survival under adverse conditions. We hypothesised that sera from women with healthy pregnancies and women with pre-eclampsia differed in autophagy induction. DESIGN A case-control study. SETTING Weill Cornell Medical College. POPULATION Twenty-four normotensive pregnant women and 20 women with pre-eclampsia. METHODS Sera were incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from female donors. After 48 hours the PBMCs were lysed and the intracellular concentration of p62 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Its concentration is inversely proportional to the extent of autophagy induction. Serum endoglin, interleukin 13 (IL-13), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were quantitated by ELISA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in autophagy induction and serum mediator levels in the two groups. RESULTS Autophagy induction increased with gestational age in sera from normotensive women (P = 0.0045), but not in women with pre-eclampsia. In the presence of an autophagy inducer, the capacity for autophagy induction decreased with gestational age in sera from women with pre-eclampsia (P = 0.0235), but not from controls. Endoglin concentrations were positively associated with the extent of autophagy induction in controls only (P = 0.0141). There was no association between autophagy and serum IL-13, IGF-1, or TGF-β1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Sera from women with pre-eclampsia differ from normotensive women by their inability to induce autophagy as a function of gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Kanninen
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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118
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Amini E, Sheikh M, Hantoushzadeh S, Shariat M, Abdollahi A, Kashanian M. Maternal hyperuricemia in normotensive singleton pregnancy, a prenatal finding with continuous perinatal and postnatal effects, a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:104. [PMID: 24636149 PMCID: PMC3995428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the association of maternal hyperuricemia with adverse pregnancy outcome and neonatal metabolic, neurologic and respiratory disturbances in normotensive singleton pregnant women. Method This prospective multicentric cohort study was conducted on 404 normotensive singleton pregnant women who were admitted for delivery in Vali-Asr and Akbar-Abadi teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Upon enrollment maternal and umbilical sera were obtained for determining uric acid levels. 1 and 5 minutes Apgar scores, the need for neonatal resuscitation and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were recorded. In case of NICU admission a neonatal blood sample was drawn for determining uric acid, blood sugar and bilirubin levels. An intracranial ultrasound imaging was also carried out for the admittd neonates for detecting intraventricular hemorrhage. Results Maternal hyperuricemia (uric acid one standard deviation greater than the appropriate gestational age) was independently associated with preterm birth (odds ratio (OR), 3.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1 – 4.79), small for gestational age delivery (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04 – 2.57), NICU admission (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.12 – 2.94) and neonatal IVH (OR, 8.14; 95% CI, 1.11 – 87.1). Conclusions Maternal hyperuricemia in normotensive singleton pregnant women is significantly associated with preterm and SGA delivery and the development of neonatal IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Vali-asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Glassy carbon electrodes sequentially modified by cysteamine-capped gold nanoparticles and poly(amidoamine) dendrimers generation 4.5 for detecting uric acid in human serum without ascorbic acid interference. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 812:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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120
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Tang SC, Jeng JS. Management of stroke in pregnancy and the puerperium. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 10:205-15. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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121
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Song Y, Liu J, Huang S, Zhang L. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in placental tissues of preeclampsia patients using microarray combined with the Connectivity Map database. Placenta 2013; 34:1190-5. [PMID: 24125805 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), which affects 2-7% of human pregnancies, causes significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. To better understand the pathophysiology of PE, the gene expression profiles of placental tissue from 5 controls and 5 PE patients were assessed using microarray. A total of 224 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed (>2-fold change and q value <0.05, SAM software). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that genes involved in hypoxia and oxidative and reductive processes were significantly changed. Three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in these biological processes were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the potential therapeutic agents for PE were explored via the Connectivity Map database. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study might provide clues to better understand the pathophysiology of PE and to identify potential therapeutic agents for PE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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122
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Darrow LA, Stein CR, Steenland K. Serum perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate concentrations in relation to birth outcomes in the Mid-Ohio Valley, 2005-2010. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1207-13. [PMID: 23838280 PMCID: PMC3801459 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE We conducted a population-based study of PFOA and PFOS and birth outcomes from 2005 through 2010 in a Mid-Ohio Valley community exposed to high levels of PFOA through drinking-water contamination. METHODS Women provided serum for PFOA and PFOS measurement in 2005-2006 and reported reproductive histories in subsequent follow-up interviews. Reported singleton live births among 1,330 women after 1 January 2005 were linked to birth records (n = 1,630) to identify the outcomes of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation), pregnancy-induced hypertension, low birth weight (< 2,500 g), and birth weight (grams) among full-term infants. RESULTS We observed little or no evidence of association between maternal serum PFOA or PFOS and preterm birth (n = 158) or low birth weight (n = 88). Serum PFOA and PFOS were both positively associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 106), with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per log unit increase in PFOA and PFOS of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.55) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.04), respectively, but associations did not increase monotonically when categorized by quintiles. Results of subanalyses restricted to pregnancies conceived after blood collection were consistent with the main analyses. There was suggestion of a modest negative association between PFOS and birth weight in full-term infants (-29 g per log unit increase; 95% CI: -66, 7), which became stronger when restricted to births conceived after the blood sample collection (-49 g per log unit increase; 95% CI: -90, -8). CONCLUSION Results provide some evidence of positive associations between measured serum perfluorinated compounds and pregnancy-induced hypertension and a negative association between PFOS and birth weight among full-term infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey A Darrow
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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123
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Shaker OG, Sadik NAH. Pathogenesis of preeclampsia: Implications of apoptotic markers and oxidative stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:1170-8. [PMID: 23515498 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112472998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the implication of some apoptotic and lipid peroxidation markers in preeclampsia (PE). A total of 25 women with PE and 25 age- and parity-matched normal pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level, caspase-9 activity and the percentage of DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in placental tissue of PE than in control women. The serum level of MDA was significantly elevated in women with PE having delivery by cesarean section (CS) than in women with PE having vaginal delivery. In vitro study demonstrated that the addition of 0.5 mM Fe(2+) and 0.1 mM ascorbate caused increase in the production of MDA level in placental tissue with PE than normal placentas, and vitamin E (100 µM) caused lower inhibition of in vitro lipid peroxidation in placental tissue with PE when compared with normal tissue. The activity of caspase-9 and percentage of DNA fragmentation were associated with the severity of the PE and both could differentiate between PE and control women with 88% and 100% sensitivity and 96% and 100% specificity, respectively. The activities of caspase-8 and/or -9 were positively correlated with the maternal age but only caspase-8 was negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight and placental weight. In conclusion, the elevations of MDA, caspase-9 activity and the percentage of DNA fragmentation in the placentas of women with PE implicate the involvement of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in PE. The placenta represents a considerable source of the elevated circulating MDA in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Shaker
- 1Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen L, Lan Z, Lin Q, Mi X, He Y, Wei L, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Deng X. Polydatin ameliorates renal injury by attenuating oxidative stress-related inflammatory responses in fructose-induced urate nephropathic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 52:28-35. [PMID: 23137955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of studies have recently demonstrated that the oxidative stress, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and the subsequent coordinated inflammatory responses played an important role in the pathogenesis of urate nephropathy (UN). Polydatin has been suggested to have the properties of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective effects. However, the possible protective and beneficial effects of polydatin on UN are not fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the potential beneficial effects and possible mechanisms of polydatin on UN. In this study, polydatin showed inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase to repress the level of serum uric acid in vivo and in vitro. Further investigations revealed that polydatin displayed little toxic effects and significantly ameliorated the renal function in fructose-induced UN mice. The nephroprotective activities of polydatin was not only due to the effects on remarkably attenuating the oxidative stress induced by uric acid, but also on markedly suppressing the oxidative stress-related inflammatory cascade, including decreasing the expressions of NF-κB p65, COX-2 and iNOS proteins and inhibiting the productions of TNF-α, PGE(2) and IL-1β. These findings elucidated that polydatin exhibited prominent nephroprotective activities and low toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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125
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Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and glyoxalase I gene polymorphisms in pathological pregnancy. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1409-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uric acid is known to be elevated in preeclampsia. We sought to determine if uric acid levels on admission correlate with the length of expectant management in preterm patients with preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective chart review was conducted on singleton preeclamptic pregnancies delivered between 24 0/7 and 37 0/7 weeks' gestation at Tufts Medical Center between January 2005 and December 2007. Patients with a multiple gestation and those transferred or discharged before delivery were excluded. Data regarding signs and symptoms of preeclampsia, laboratory values, pregnancy complications and outcome were abstracted from the medical records. Correlation between admission uric acid level and days of expectant management was assessed. The relative risk (RR) was used to estimate the effect of uric acid levels on expectant management length >7 days. Mantel-Haenszel χ(2) values were used to construct 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the RR. RESULT Four hundred seventy-one charts were reviewed. Of these, 190 met inclusion criteria. In all, 55 patients (28.9%) were managed expectantly for >1 week. Admission uric acid level correlated with days of expectant management (P<0.0001). Uric acid levels at admission were categorized as ≤4.0 mg dl(-1) (low uric acid level), 4.1 to 6.0 mg dl(-1) (medium) and ≥6.1 mg dl(-1) (high). Relative to women with high uric acid levels at admission, we observed a sevenfold higher rate of extending expectant management for >1 week among women with low uric acid level (7.0; 95% CI: 3.34 to 14.68). Women with medium uric acid levels at admission also had a higher likelihood of prolonging pregnancy relative to women with high uric acid levels (RR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.32 to 5.96) (P-value for trend <0.0001). CONCLUSION Admission uric acid levels correlate with the length of expectant management in preterm patients with preeclampsia. Pregnancy prolongation for >1 week is significantly more likely in patients with low and medium uric acid levels at the time of admission. Uric acid levels may be helpful in assessing disease severity and counseling preeclamptic patients regarding likelihood of extended expectant management.
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Talaulikar VS, Shehata H. Uric acid: is it time to give up routine testing in management of pre-eclampsia? Obstet Med 2012; 5:119-23. [PMID: 27582868 PMCID: PMC4989702 DOI: 10.1258/om.2011.110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since it was first linked with the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, uric acid has been a routine test requested by many care-givers managing pregnant women with hypertensive disease of pregnancy for almost 100 years. Existing evidence however suggests that it has no definitive role in prediction, diagnosis or management of pre-eclampsia. We argue against routine uric acid testing in pregnancies complicated by hypertension not only because it has become a fruitless academic exercise but also because ceasing its routine use will ensure cost-savings for the health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sinai Talaulikar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, St George's Hospital and Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE
| | - Hassan Shehata
- Maternal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Surrey SM5 1AA
- St George's Medical School, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
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Watanabe K, Mori T, Iwasaki A, Kimura C, Matsushita H, Shinohara K, Wakatsuki A. Increased oxidant generation in the metabolism of hypoxanthine to uric acid and endothelial dysfunction in early-onset and late-onset preeclamptic women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:2662-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.705396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Guo HX, Wang CH, Li ZQ, Gong SP, Zhou ZQ, Leng LZ, Zhong M. The Application of Serum Cystatin C in Estimating the Renal Function in Women With Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:712-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719111431001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Authors Hong-Xia Guo and Chen-Hong Wang both are the first authors for this paper
| | - Chen-Hong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Authors Hong-Xia Guo and Chen-Hong Wang both are the first authors for this paper
| | - Zhi-Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Peng Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qiong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Leng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Revin SB, John SA. Highly sensitive determination of uric acid in the presence of major interferents using a conducting polymer film modified electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 88:22-9. [PMID: 22763421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the sensitive and selective determination of uric acid (UA) in the presence of important interferences, ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), tyrosine (Tyr) and methionine (Met) at physiological pH using an electropolymerized film of 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole on glassy carbon (p-AMTa) electrode. The p-AMTa electrode shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards UA. This was understood from the observed higher oxidation current and heterogeneous rate constant (3.24×10(-5)ms(-1)) for UA when compared to bare GC electrode (4.63×10(-6)ms(-1)). The selective determination of UA in the presence of 1000-fold excess of AA was achieved using p-AMTa electrode. Further, the p-AMTa electrode was successfully used for the simultaneous and selective determination of UA in the presence of important interferences, DA, Tyr and Met. Using amperometric method, 40nM UA was detected for the first time. The current response of UA was increased linearly while increasing its concentration from 40nM to 0.1mM and a detection limit was found to be 0.52nM (S/N=3). Finally, the practical application of the present method was demonstrated by determining UA in human urine and blood serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brillians Revin
- Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India
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131
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Inflammatory disturbances in preeclampsia: relationship between maternal and umbilical cord blood. J Pregnancy 2012; 2012:684384. [PMID: 22685662 PMCID: PMC3366239 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. PE is associated with an inflammatory state and with oxidative stress, in maternal circulation. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB), in normal and PE pregnancies. We measured acute-phase proteins (CRP and α1-antitrypsin), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), leukocyte activation (elastase, lactoferrin, sL-selectin, sVCAM, sPECAM), total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and uric acid levels. We studied 42 healthy pregnant women, 46 PE women, and their neonates. The concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, α1-antitrypsin, CRP, sVCAM, uric acid, and TBARS were significantly higher, and sL-selectin was significantly lower in PE pregnant women as compared with normotensive pregnant women. In newborns uric acid, α1-antitrypsin, and CRP values were significantly higher in PE; leukocyte count, sL-selectin, lactoferrin, and the ratio elastase/α1-antitrypsin were significantly lower. Our data suggest that PE pregnancy is associated with an enhanced maternal inflammatory condition, which is reflected in fetal circulation. This enhanced inflammatory state seems to be related to endothelial dysfunction and increased cytokine synthesis, rather than with neutrophil activation.
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Novakov Mikic A, Cabarkapa V, Nikolic A, Maric D, Brkic S, Mitic G, Ristic M, Stosic Z. Cystatin C in pre-eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:961-5. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.601366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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133
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Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA, Gaucher EA. Uric acid: a danger signal from the RNA world that may have a role in the epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiorenal disease: evolutionary considerations. Semin Nephrol 2012; 31:394-9. [PMID: 22000645 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
All human beings are uricase knockouts; we lost the uricase gene as a result of a mutation that occurred in the mid-Miocene epoch approximately 15 million years ago. The consequence of being a uricase knockout is that we have higher serum uric acid levels that are less regulatable and can be readily influenced by diet. This increases our risk for gout and kidney stones, but there is also increasing evidence that uric acid increases our risk for hypertension, kidney disease, obesity, and diabetes. This raises the question of why this mutation occurred. In this article we review current hypotheses. We suggest that uric acid is a danger and survival signal carried over from the RNA world. The mutation of uricase that occurred during the food shortage and global cooling that occurred in the Miocene epoch resulted in a survival advantage for early primates, particularly in Europe. Today, the loss of uricase functions as a thrifty gene, increasing our risk for obesity and cardiorenal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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Richter HG, Camm EJ, Modi BN, Naeem F, Cross CM, Cindrova-Davies T, Spasic-Boskovic O, Dunster C, Mudway IS, Kelly FJ, Burton GJ, Poston L, Giussani DA. Ascorbate prevents placental oxidative stress and enhances birth weight in hypoxic pregnancy in rats. J Physiol 2012; 590:1377-87. [PMID: 22289909 PMCID: PMC3382329 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.226340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study isolated the effects of maternal hypoxia independent of changes in maternal nutrition on maternal circulatory and placental molecular indices of oxidative stress and determined whether maternal antioxidant treatment conferred protection. Pregnant rats were subjected to normoxic pregnancy or 13% O2 chronic hypoxia for most of gestation with and without maternal treatment with vitamin C in the drinking water. Maternal hypoxia with and without vitamin C did not affect maternal food or water intake and led to a significant increase in maternal and fetal haematocrit. At gestational day 20, maternal plasma urate and L-cysteine concentrations, and placental levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and heat shock protein 70 were increased while placental heat shock protein 90 levels were decreased in hypoxic pregnancy. The induction of maternal circulatory and placental molecular indices of oxidative stress in hypoxic pregnancies was prevented by maternal treatment with vitamin C. Maternal hypoxia during pregnancy with or without vitamin C increased placental weight, but not total or compartmental volumes. Maternal treatment with vitamin C increased birth weight in both hypoxic and normoxic pregnancies. The data show that maternal hypoxia independent of maternal undernutrition promotes maternal and placental indices of oxidative stress, effects that can be prevented by maternal treatment with vitamin C in hypoxic pregnancy. While vitamin C may not be the ideal candidate of choice for therapy in pregnant women, and taking into consideration differences in ascorbic acid metabolism between rats and humans, the data do underlie that antioxidant treatment may provide a useful intervention to improve placental function and protect fetal growth in pregnancy complicated by fetal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Richter
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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Gasnier R, Valério EG, Vettorazzi J, Barros EG, Martins-Costa SH, Ramos JGL. Calciuria and preeclampsia: a case-control study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38:674-80. [PMID: 22380763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Calciuria has been reported to decrease in preeclampsia. We compared calciuria among groups of normal, hypertensive and preeclamptic pregnant women, and assessed its correlation with the severity of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study of mild and severe preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, and normal pregnancy, with 14 patients in each group. The groups were analyzed by one-way anova (variance analysis) for symmetrical distribution and Kruskal-Wallis test for asymmetrical distribution when comparing quantitative variables, and by crossed tables when comparing qualitative variables. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the groups when comparing severe preeclampsia with chronic hypertension, and severe preeclampsia with the control group (P < 0.0001). The calciuria medians were 81.5 mg/24 h for severe preeclampsia, 118 mg/24 h for mild preeclampsia, 226 mg/24 h for chronic hypertension, and 272 mg/24 h for the control group. In a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis, the best cutoff point for preeclampsia diagnosis was 167 mg/24 h, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 85%. The outcomes were more severe as the level of calciuria dropped. CONCLUSION Measurement of calciuria can differentiate between severe preeclampsia and chronic hypertension, and hypocalciuria is also a marker for disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Gasnier
- Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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136
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Mert I, Sargın Oruc A, Yuksel S, Cakar ES, Buyukkagnıcı U, Karaer A, Danısman N. Role of oxidative stress in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38:658-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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137
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Akahori Y, Masuyama H, Hiramatsu Y. The correlation of maternal uric acid concentration with small-for-gestational-age fetuses in normotensive pregnant women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2012; 73:162-7. [PMID: 22301518 DOI: 10.1159/000332391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Elevated maternal serum uric acid is associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses. We investigated whether uric acid concentrations in normotensive pregnant women are correlated with fetal growth and related to kidney function. METHODS We carried out a case-control study using 40 patients who delivered SGA fetuses identified from the perinatal database and 80 patients who delivered appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetuses as the controls at Okayama University Hospital. Blood pressure, serum uric acid and creatinine level were measured in the patients' third trimester. RESULTS Maternal serum uric acid (p = 0.0003) and creatinine (p < 0.0001) concentrations, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p =0.014 and 0.037, respectively), were significantly increased in the SGA group. There was a strong negative correlation between serum uric acid levels and birth weights (r = -0.59; p = 0.006) and a significant positive correlation between maternal serum uric acid and creatinine levels (r = 0.43; p < 0.05) in cases of severe SGA (<5th percentile). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that uric acid is an independent risk factor for SGA. CONCLUSIONS Increasing maternal uric acid concentrations were associated with slightly impaired kidney function and SGA in normotensive pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Akahori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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138
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Hawkins TLA, Roberts JM, Mangos GJ, Davis GK, Roberts LM, Brown MA. Plasma uric acid remains a marker of poor outcome in hypertensive pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2012; 119:484-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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139
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Pettit F, Brown MA. The management of pre-eclampsia: what we think we know. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 160:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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140
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Johnson RJ, Kanbay M, Kang DH, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Feig D. Uric acid: a clinically useful marker to distinguish preeclampsia from gestational hypertension. Hypertension 2011; 58:548-9. [PMID: 21876074 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.178921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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141
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Mulla MJ, Myrtolli K, Potter J, Boeras C, Kavathas PB, Sfakianaki AK, Tadesse S, Norwitz ER, Guller S, Abrahams VM. Uric acid induces trophoblast IL-1β production via the inflammasome: implications for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65:542-8. [PMID: 21352397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia is associated with hyperuricemia, which correlates with the disease severity. Levels of circulating uric acid increase before the clinical manifestations, suggesting that they may be causally related. Uric acid, or monosodium urate (MSU), activates the Nod-like receptor, Nalp3, leading to inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing. Because preeclampsia is associated with placental immune⁄ inflammatory dysregulation, we sought to determine in the trophoblast, the presence of the Nalp3 inflammasome, and the effect of MSU on its activation. METHOD OF STUDY Isolated first- and third-trimester trophoblasts were assessed for expression of the inflammasome components, Nalp1, Nalp3, and ASC. First-trimester trophoblast cells were incubated with or without MSU, and after which, IL-1β secretion and processing and caspase-1 activation were determined. RESULTS Trophoblast cells expressed Nalp1, Nalp3, and ASC under basal conditions. Following incubation with MSU, first-trimester trophoblast IL-1β secretion was upregulated. This correlated with increased expression levels of active IL-1β and active caspase-1. ASC knockdown reduced MSU-induced IL-1β secretion. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that uric acid activates the inflammasome in the trophoblast, leading to IL-1β production. This may provide a novel mechanism for the induction of inflammation at the maternal–fetal interface leading to placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcome, including preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Mulla
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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142
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Mihu D, Sabău L, Costin N, Ciortea R, Măluţan A, Mihu CM. Implications of maternal systemic oxidative stress in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 25:944-51. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.600796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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143
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Peraçoli MTS, Bannwart CF, Cristofalo R, Borges VTM, Costa RAA, Witkin SS, Peraçoli JC. Increased reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by monocytes are associated with elevated levels of uric acid in pre-eclamptic women. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:460-7. [PMID: 21623992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To evaluate associations between hyperuricemia and increases in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. METHOD OF STUDY This study investigated serum uric acid levels, monocyte production of TNF-α, superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in erythrocytes from 30 women with pre-eclampsia (PE) compared with 30 normotensive (NT) pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS Serum uric acid levels (6.1 versus 2.8 mg/dL) as well as endogenous O(2)(-) (2.2 versus 1.6 nm), H(2)O(2) (1.8 versus 1.4 nm) and TNF-α (91.6 versus 40.4 pg/mL) released from monocytes were significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic group than in the NT group (P < 0.05). SOD activity in erythrocytes was also significantly elevated in the PE group (5969.2 versus 4834.7 U/g Hb). No significant difference between groups was observed in relation to CAT activity. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum uric acid levels are correlated with higher O(2)(-) and TNF-α production by monocytes in women with PE. This may contribute to the enhanced oxidative and inflammatory state characteristic of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T S Peraçoli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biociences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
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144
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Yu J, Ge L, Huang J, Wang S, Ge S. Microfluidic paper-based chemiluminescence biosensor for simultaneous determination of glucose and uric acid. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1286-91. [PMID: 21243159 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel microfluidic paper-based chemiluminescence analytical device (μPCAD) with a simultaneous, rapid, sensitive and quantitative response for glucose and uric acid was designed. This novel lab-on-paper biosensor is based on oxidase enzyme reactions (glucose oxidase and urate oxidase, respectively) and the chemiluminescence reaction between a rhodanine derivative and generated hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium. The possible chemiluminescence assay principle of this μPCAD is explained. We found that the simultaneous determination of glucose and uric acid could be achieved by differing the distances that the glucose and uric acid samples traveled. This lab-on-paper biosensor could provide reproducible results upon storage at 4 °C for at least 10 weeks. The application test of our μPCAD was then successfully performed with the simultaneous determination of glucose and uric acid in artificial urine. This study shows the successful integration of the μPCAD and the chemiluminescence method will be an easy-to-use, inexpensive, and portable alternative for point-of-care monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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145
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of elevated serum uric acid with the development of hypertension is established outside of pregnancy. We investigated whether first trimester uric acid was associated with the development of the following: gestational hypertension or pre eclampsia, these outcomes stratified by presence of hyperuricemia at delivery since this denotes more severe disease, preterm birth, or small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS Uric acid was measured in 1,541 banked maternal plasma samples from a prior prospective cohort study that were collected at a mean gestational age of 9.0 (± 2.5) weeks. Polytomous regressions were performed and adjusted for parity and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). RESULTS First trimester uric acid in the highest quartile (>3.56 mg/dl) compared to lowest three quartiles was associated with an increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-3.21) but not gestational hypertension. In women with hypertensive disease complicated by hyperuricemia at delivery, high first trimester uric acid was associated with a 3.22-fold increased risk of hyperuricemic gestational hypertension (HU) and a 3.65-fold increased risk of hyperuricemic pre-eclampsia (HPU). High first trimester uric acid was not associated with gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia without hyperuricemia (H or HP) at delivery, preterm birth, or SGA. In women who developed hypertensive disease, elevated uric acid at delivery was only partly explained by elevated uric acid in the first trimester (r(2) = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS First trimester elevated uric acid was associated with later pre-eclampsia and more strongly with pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension with hyperuricemia.
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146
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Purine Turnover Metabolites and Selected Antioxidants in Blood of Goats during the Periparturient Period. ACTA VET BRNO 2011. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201079040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the erythrocyte concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD+, NADP+ and adenylate energy charge (AEC) and their metabolites: inosine (Ino), hypoxanthine (Hyp), uric acid (UA), selected blood antioxidants: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) of goats during the periparturient period. The study was conducted on 12 clinically healthy pregnant goats (Capra hircus) - 75% genotype of the Polish noble white aged between 2-3 years. Blood was taken from the external jugular vein early in the morning before feeding and obtained twice (4 weeks and 1 week) before delivery and twice (2 and 3 weeks) after delivery. The ATP concentration did not change significantly. One week before delivery ADP, AMP and Ino concentrations were significantly higher and AEC value significantly lower compared to values in the third week after delivery (p ≤ 0.02, p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.03 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively). One week before and two weeks after delivery we observed a significant increase in SOD and GR activities and an increase in NAD+ and NADP+ concentrations but a significant decrease in Hyp and UA concentrations. Constant ATP concentration and the changes in the dynamics and tendency of Hyp and UA concentrations show that in the periparturient period in goats, purine metabolism undergoes adaptive changes. The balance between resynthetic processes and adenine nucleotide degradation is retained in order to level the oxygen and energy lacks. The results of our study show that the maintenance of prooxidative homeostasis in goats of peripartal period depends mainly on enzymatic mechanisms.
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147
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Fodor A, Győrffy A, Orosz L, Major T. Hemorheological changes and their clinical relevance in preeclampsia. Orv Hetil 2011; 152:205-11. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2011.29031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the hemorheological changes during gestation and their clinical relevance in preeclampsia. The gestational disease named preeclampsia, characterized by proteinuria (more than 0.3 g/day) and hypertension (blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg), exists from the 20th gestational week until the sixth post partum week. Its etiology is complex; the pathomechanism mainly involves disturbances in cross talks among the vegetative system, the placenta and the circulatory system. Soluble factors of placenta mediate circulatory changes, which result in adaptive responses in both vegetative and circulatory systems. Derailment of this adaption, however, leads to increased turbulence and local damages in cellular elements of the circulatory system. The initial local lesion progresses to a generalized form. Later, these events will continue to strengthen their own cycle. As a result, an unstable circulatory state will be established, which causes organ damages. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 205–211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fodor
- Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Tanszék Debrecen
| | | | - László Orosz
- Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika Debrecen
| | - Tamás Major
- Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika Debrecen
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Cleveland BM, Leonard SS, Klandorf H, Blemings KP. Urate oxidase knockdown decreases oxidative stress in a murine hepatic cell line. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2:93-8. [PMID: 20357931 PMCID: PMC2763251 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.2.2.8372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans, birds, and some primates do not express the uric acid degrading enzyme urate oxidase (UOX) and, as a result, have plasma uric acid concentrations higher than UOX expressing animals. Although high uric acid concentrations are suggested to increase the antioxidant defense system and provide a health advantage to animals without UOX, knockout mice lacking UOX develop pathological complications including gout and kidney failure. As an alternative to the knockout model, RNA interference was used to decrease UOX expression using stable transfection in a mouse hepatic cell line (ATCC, FL83B). Urate oxidase mRNA was reduced 66% (p < 0.05) compared to wild type, as measured by real time RT-PCR. To determine if UOX knockdown resulted in enhanced protection against oxidative stress, cells were challenged with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) or 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1). Compared to wild type, cells with UOX knockdown exhibited a 37.2 ± 3.5% reduction (p < 0.05) in the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal after being exposed to Cr(VI) and displayed less DNA fragmentation (p < 0.05) following SIN-1 treatment. Cell viability decreased in wild type cells (p < 0.05), but not cells with UOX knockdown, after treatment with SIN-1. These results are consistent with an increased intracellular uric acid concentration and an increased defense against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Cleveland
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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149
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Abstract
Interest has been renewed over the role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and renal dysfunction, which are all features of pre-eclampsia. Uric acid is not a consistent predictive factor for the development of pre-eclampsia but its levels generally increase once the disease manifests, and plasma levels of uric acid approximately correlate with disease severity. Hyperuricemia in pre-eclampsia was once thought to result solely from reduced renal clearance, but levels of uric acid are now also thought to increase through increased uric acid production caused by trophoblast breakdown, cytokine release and ischemia. Uric acid can promote endothelial dysfunction, damage and inflammation, which leads to oxidation. Pre-eclampsia, which is characterized by widespread endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, might be propagated by uric acid through these known in vitro activities. Of note, however, uric acid can also act as a scavenger of oxygen free radicals. Plasma urate measurements are currently used to support the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. As further studies define the role of uric acid in the development of pre-eclampsia, monitoring levels of this factor may again become essential to the future treatment of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel C Martin
- Department of Renal Medicine & Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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150
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Parrish MR, Laye MR, Wood T, Keiser SD, Owens MY, May WL, Martin JN. Impedance cardiography facilitates differentiation of severe and superimposed preeclampsia from other hypertensive disorders. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 31:327-40. [PMID: 20822427 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2010.507850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if hemodynamic profiling using noninvasive impedance cardiography (ICG) reliably identifies the patient with severe (SPRE) or superimposed (SuPRE) preeclampsia. METHODS Late gestation hypertensive pregnant patients underwent immediate ICG evaluation. Findings were compared between patients subsequently achieving or not achieving American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria for SPRE or SuPRE. RESULTS Patients with severe disease were more likely to have depressed cardiac function and higher systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and thoracic fluid content compared to nonsevere hypertensive disease. CONCLUSION ICG hemodynamic profiling of late gestation hypertensive patients can rapidly and reliably identify those with SPRE or SuPRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Parrish
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women and Infants, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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