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Aloush S, Tubaishat A, ALBashtawy M, Suliman M, Alrimawi I, Al Sabah A, Banikhaled Y. Effectiveness of Basic Life Support Training for Middle School Students. J Sch Nurs 2018; 35:262-267. [DOI: 10.1177/1059840517753879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a basic life support (BLS) educational course given to 110 middle school children, using a pretest posttest design. In the pretest, students were asked to demonstrate BLS on a manikin to simulate a real-life scenario. After the pretest, a BLS training course of two sessions was provided, followed by posttest on the same manikin. Students were assessed using an observational sheet based on the American Heart Association’s BLS guidelines. In the pretest, students showed significant weakness in the majority of guidelines. In the posttest, they demonstrated significant improvement in their BLS skills. BLS training in the middle school was effective, considering the lack of previous skills. It is recommended that BLS education be compulsory in the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Aloush
- Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Tubaishat
- Faculty of Nursing, Adult Health Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mohammed ALBashtawy
- Community and Mental Health Department, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Suliman
- Community and Mental Health Department, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | | | - Ashraf Al Sabah
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
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102
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Wilks J, Kanasa H, Pendergast D, Clark K. Emergency response readiness for primary school children. AUST HEALTH REV 2018; 40:357-363. [PMID: 26363643 DOI: 10.1071/ah15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to determine whether a 1-day basic life support (BLS) training program can significantly increase emergency response readiness for primary school children. Methods One hundred and seven children aged 11-12 years completed a program led by surf lifesaving instructors. A 50-item quiz was administered 1 week before and 1 and 8 weeks after training. Results Significant improvements were gained in knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; P<0.001), the response sequence for emergency situations (DRSABCD action plan) and various emergency scenarios, including choking (P<0.001) and severe bleeding (P<0.001). Knowledge and understanding were retained at the 8-week follow-up. Students reported increased confidence in assisting others after training, consistent with previous studies. Conclusions A 1-day training program can significantly increase BLS knowledge and confidence to provide assistance in an emergency situation. Findings reinforce the value of school-based training that provides a general foundation for emergency response readiness. What is known about this topic? The importance and value of teaching BLS to school children is well established in the US, UK and Europe. However, in the past 20 years there has been little or no published Australian evaluation research in this area, despite thousands of training programs running each year around the country for children in first aid, CPR and water safety. What does this paper add? This paper confirms that Australian primary school children can benefit significantly from short, targeted BLS training programs that provide the basic skills and confidence for them to respond in an emergency situation. What are the implications for practitioners? The paper provides a training and evaluation framework that can be used by health educators for age-appropriate BLS programs. The study shows that making training real-world and relevant, especially having hands-on CPR practice with manikins, can address common barriers to performing first aid and CPR reported by young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Wilks
- Socio-Legal Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Harry Kanasa
- School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.
| | - Donna Pendergast
- School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.
| | - Ken Clark
- Australian Lifesaving Academy Queensland, Surf Life Saving Queensland, 18 Manning Street, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. Email
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103
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Dîrzu DS, Hagău N, Boț T, Fărcaș L, Copotoiu SM. Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation provided by medical students, residents and specialists: A non-inferiority trial. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1024907917742877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: No definitive answer has been given to the question ‘who should teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation?’ Healthcare professionals and high school teachers are mostly the trainers, but medical students are increasingly being used for this purpose. Methods: We divided 296 high school students in three groups based on trainer professional level. Medical students, anaesthesia and intensive care residents, and anaesthesia and intensive care specialists provided basic life support training. We tested their theoretical knowledge with the help of a multiple-choice question questionnaire and practical abilities with the help of a medical simulator, recording chest compression frequency as the primary outcome parameter. Results: The study shows comparable results in all groups, with the exception of the chest compression frequency which was higher in the students’ and residents’ groups (students: 134.7/min ± 14.1; residents: 137.9/min ± 15.9; specialists: 126.3/min ± 19.3). Increased rates were not associated with lower depths (39.0 mm ± 8.2, 40.5 mm ± 9.7, and 38.1 mm ± 8.2), so the quality of compressions provided may be seen as equivalent in all the study groups. Conclusion: Our data suggest that medical students may be as effective as anaesthesia and intensive care specialists and residents in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sebastian Dîrzu
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Târgu Mureș, Mureș, Romania
| | - Natalia Hagău
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Theodor Boț
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Fărcaș
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Copotoiu
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Târgu Mureș, Mureș, Romania
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Luciani A, Gandolfi S, Zanin L, Stragliotto M, Sardelli L, Carbogno C, Cucino A, Ristagno G, Scapigliati A, Semeraro F. CPR mass training during an international sport competition: An evaluation of CPR skills in children. Resuscitation 2017; 120:e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.08.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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105
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Bakke HK, Bakke HK, Schwebs R. First-aid training in school: amount, content and hindrances. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:1361-1370. [PMID: 28832913 PMCID: PMC5659131 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background To increase knowledge and competence about first aid in the population, first‐aid instruction is included in primary and secondary school curricula. This study aimed to establish how much time is spent on first‐aid training, which first‐aid measures are taught, and which factors prevent teachers from providing the quantity and quality of first‐aid training that they wish to give. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to teachers in physical education in primary and secondary schools and to teachers in vocational subjects in higher secondary schools. Results The teachers taught a median of two lessons in first aid per year. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was taught by 64% of teachers, free airway and recovery position by 69% and stopping severe bleeding by 51%. Recognising heart attack and stroke was taught by 25% and 23%, respectively. The main factors that the teachers perceived as limiting the amount and quality of first‐aid training were insufficient learning objective specifications in the curriculum, too many other competence aims, lack of CPR mannequins and lack of training as first‐aid instructors. Discussion Norwegian teachers provide an appreciable amount of first‐aid training to their students. However, several potential life‐saving measures are poorly covered. The curriculum needs to contain first aid but also should specify what first‐aid measures to be taught. First‐aid training of teachers should adequately prepare them to be first‐aid instructors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Bakke
- Mo i Rana Hospital; Helgeland Hospital Trust; Mo i Rana Norway
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø; Tromsø Norway
| | | | - R. Schwebs
- Faculty of Education; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Bergen Norway
- Ortun School; Bergen Norway
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106
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Mpotos N, Iserbyt P. Children saving lives: Training towards CPR excellence levels in chest compression based on age and physical characteristics. Resuscitation 2017; 121:135-140. [PMID: 29107674 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization's endorsement of the "Kids save lives" statement fosters the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for school children worldwide. However, not every child achieves and maintains the recommended chest compression depth of 5-6cm. PURPOSE To investigate the variability in compression depth for three age groups (grade 1: 12-14; grade 2: 14-16; grade 3: 16-18 years) as a function of physical characteristics and to define minimal compression excellence levels for training. METHODS Compression depth of 265 subjects (111 girls, 154 boys) aged 12-18 years from one secondary school was individually assessed and reported in percentiles per age group. Pearson correlations between physical characteristics and CPR variables were calculated. Excellence level was defined as the percentage compressions with depth 5-6cm. RESULTS In grade 1 (12-14 years), achieved excellence levels were 1% for girls and 23% for boys at the 75th percentile. In grade 2 (14-16 years), it increased to 24% for girls and 80% for boys. In grade 3 (16-18 years) finally, it was 59% for girls and 87% for boys. Significant positive correlations were found between CPR and physical variables (p<0.05), especially weight >50kg (p<0.01). CONCLUSION A minimal excellence level of 25% is achievable by boys 12-14year and girls 14-16year and can be gradually improved to 60% and 90% according to age and gender. This might necessitate more exertion and training for some younger children, especially girls, and will probably be more easily achieved for children weighing >50kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mpotos
- Emergency Department, St. Lucas General Hospital, Groenebriel 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Peter Iserbyt
- Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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107
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Yeung J, Kovic I, Vidacic M, Skilton E, Higgins D, Melody T, Lockey A. The school Lifesavers study-A randomised controlled trial comparing the impact of Lifesaver only, face-to-face training only, and Lifesaver with face-to-face training on CPR knowledge, skills and attitudes in UK school children. Resuscitation 2017; 120:138-145. [PMID: 28974344 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifesaver (www.life-saver.org.uk) is an immersive, interactive game that can be used for basic life support training. Users 'resuscitate' a victim of cardiac arrest in a filmed scenario and move their device up and down to simulate cardiac compressions. METHODS Randomised controlled trial of 3 UK schools (81 students) comparing Lifesaver, face-to-face (F2F) training, and a combination of both. Primary outcomes: mean chest compression rate and depth. SECONDARY OUTCOMES flow fraction, CPR performance, and attitude survey. Outcomes measured immediately, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS Primary outcomes: Mean chest compression depth was suboptimal in all groups due to body size. F2F performed better than Lifesaver initially (-11.676; 95% CI -18.34 to -5.01; p=0.0001) but no difference at 3 months (p=0.493) and 6 months (p=0.809). No difference in mean compression rates for Lifesaver vs F2F (-11.89; 95% CI -30.39 to -6.61; p=0.280) and combined vs Lifesaver (0.25; 95% CI -17.4 to -17.9; p=0.999). SECONDARY OUTCOMES all groups had flow fraction >60% after training. Combined group performed better for skills assessment than Lifesaver (4.02; 95% CI 2.81-5.22; p=0.001) and F2F (1.76; 95 CI 0.51-3; p=0.003); and the same at 6 months (1.92; 95% CI 0.19-3.64; p=0.026 and 1.96; 95% CI 0.17-3.75; p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS Use of Lifesaver by school children, compared to F2F training alone, can lead to comparable learning outcomes for several key elements of successful CPR. Its use can be considered where resources or time do not permit formal F2F training sessions. The true benefits of Lifesaver can be realised if paired with F2F training.
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108
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Cheskes S. High School CPR training: It's only an APP away!! Resuscitation 2017; 120:A9-A10. [PMID: 28974343 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.08.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Cheskes
- Sunnybrook Centre for Prehospital Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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109
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Nord A, Svensson L, Karlsson T, Claesson A, Herlitz J, Nilsson L. Increased survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when off duty medically educated personnel perform CPR compared with laymen. Resuscitation 2017; 120:88-94. [PMID: 28870719 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.08.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been proved to save lives; however, whether survival is affected by the training level of the bystander is not fully described. AIM To describe if the training level of laymen and medically educated bystanders affect 30-day survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). METHODS This observational study included all witnessed and treated cases of bystander CPR reported to the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation between 2010 and 2014. Bystander CPR was divided into two categories: (a) lay-byCPR (non-medically educated) and (b) med-byCPR (off duty medically educated personnel). RESULTS During 2010-2014, 24,643 patients were reported to the OHCA registry, of which 6850 received lay-byCPR and 1444 med-byCPR; 16,349 crew-witnessed and non-witnessed cases and those with missing information were excluded from the analysis. The median interval from collapse to call for emergency medical services was 2min in both groups (p=0.97) and 2min from collapse to start of CPR for lay-byCPR versus 1min for med-byCPR (p<0.0001). There were no significant differences in CPR methods used; 64.3% (lay-byCPR) and 65.7% (med-byCPR) applied compressions and ventilation, respectively (p=0.33). The 30-day survival was 14.7% for lay-byCPR and 17.2% for the med-byCPR group (p=0.02). The odds ratio adjusted for potential confounders regarding survival (med-byCPR versus lay-byCPR) was 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.62; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS In cases of OHCA, medically educated bystanders initiated CPR earlier and an increased 30-day survival was found compared with laymen bystanders. These results support the need to improve the education programme for laypeople.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Nord
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Leif Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Karlsson
- Health Metrics Unit, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Claesson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Herlitz
- Prehospen-Center for Prehospital Research, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Nord A, Svensson L, Claesson A, Herlitz J, Hult H, Kreitz-Sandberg S, Nilsson L. The effect of a national web course "Help-Brain-Heart" as a supplemental learning tool before CPR training: a cluster randomised trial. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2017; 25:93. [PMID: 28899418 PMCID: PMC5596498 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-017-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) learning methods is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate whether a web course before CPR training, teaching the importance of recognition of symptoms of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and a healthy lifestyle, could influence not only theoretical knowledge but also practical CPR skills or willingness to act in a cardiac arrest situation. METHODS Classes with 13-year-old students were randomised to CPR training only (control) or a web course plus CPR training (intervention). Data were collected (practical test and a questionnaire) directly after training and at 6 months. CPR skills were evaluated using a modified Cardiff test (12-48 points). Knowledge on stroke symptoms (0-7 points), AMI symptoms (0-9 points) and lifestyle factors (0-6 points), and willingness to act were assessed by the questionnaire. The primary endpoint was CPR skills at 6 months. CPR skills directly after training, willingness to act and theoretical knowledge were secondary endpoints. Training and measurements were performed from December 2013 to October 2014. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-two students were included in the analysis of practical skills and self-reported confidence. The mean score for CPR skills was 34 points after training (control, standard deviation [SD] 4.4; intervention, SD 4.0; not significant [NS]); and 32 points at 6 months for controls (SD 3.9) and 33 points for intervention (SD 4.2; NS). At 6 months, 73% (control) versus 80% (intervention; P = 0.05) stated they would do compressions and ventilation if a friend had a cardiac arrest, whereas 31% versus 34% (NS) would perform both if the victim was a stranger. One thousand, two hundred and thirty-two students were included in the analysis of theoretical knowledge; the mean scores at 6 months for the control and intervention groups were 2.8 (SD 1.6) and 3.2 (SD 1.4) points (P < 0.001) for stroke symptoms, 2.6 (SD 2.0) and 2.9 (SD 1.9) points (P = 0.008) for AMI symptoms and 3.2 (SD 1.2) and 3.4 (SD 1.0) points (P < 0.001) for lifestyle factors, respectively. DISCUSSION Use of online learning platforms is a fast growing technology that increases the flexibility of learning in terms of location, time and is available before and after practical training. CONCLUSIONS A web course before CPR training did not influence practical CPR skills or willingness to act, but improved the students' theoretical knowledge of AMI, stroke and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Nord
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Leif Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institute, S-11883, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Claesson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institute, S-11883, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Herlitz
- Prehospen-Center for Prehospital Research, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, S-50190, Borås, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hult
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, S-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Kreitz-Sandberg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, S-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-58185, Linköping, Sweden
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111
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Chest compression using the foot or hand method: a prospective, randomized, controlled manikin study with school children. Eur J Emerg Med 2017; 24:262-267. [DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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112
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Nord A, Hult H, Kreitz-Sandberg S, Herlitz J, Svensson L, Nilsson L. Effect of two additional interventions, test and reflection, added to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on seventh grade students' practical skills and willingness to act: a cluster randomised trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014230. [PMID: 28645953 PMCID: PMC5623365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research is to investigate if two additional interventions, test and reflection, after standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training facilitate learning by comparing 13-year-old students' practical skills and willingness to act. SETTINGS Seventh grade students in council schools of two municipalities in south-east Sweden. DESIGN School classes were randomised to CPR training only (O), CPR training with a practical test including feedback (T) or CPR training with reflection and a practical test including feedback (RT). Measures of practical skills and willingness to act in a potential life-threatening situation were studied directly after training and at 6 months using a digital reporting system and a survey. A modified Cardiff test was used to register the practical skills, where scores in each of 12 items resulted in a total score of 12-48 points. The study was conducted in accordance with current European Resuscitation Council guidelines during December 2013 to October 2014. PARTICIPANTS 29 classes for a total of 587 seventh grade students were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The total score of the modified Cardiff test at 6 months was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the total score directly after training, the 12 individual items of the modified Cardiff test and willingness to act. RESULTS At 6 months, the T and O groups scored 32 (3.9) and 30 (4.0) points, respectively (p<0.001), while the RT group scored 32 (4.2) points (not significant when compared with T). There were no significant differences in willingness to act between the groups after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A practical test including feedback directly after training improved the students' acquisition of practical CPR skills. Reflection did not increase further CPR skills. At 6-month follow-up, no intervention effect was found regarding willingness to make a life-saving effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Nord
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hult
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Herlitz
- The Prehospital Research Centre of Western Sweden, Borås University, Borås, Sweden
| | - Leif Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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113
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["Kids Save Lives"-resuscitation training for schoolchildren : Systematic review]. Anaesthesist 2017; 66:589-597. [PMID: 28497243 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-017-0319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even in western developed countries, the probability of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is only 6-10%. In order to improve survival after OHCA, early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by laypersons is essential. Introduction of CPR training in schoolchildren seems to be effective to increase lay-CPR rates. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to elucidate educational aspects of teaching schoolchildren in CPR and to summarize campaigns related to a comprehensive establishment of lay-CPR worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature research in PubMed was performed, the cutoff date was 27 February 2017. Overall, 192 abstracts were analyzed; 51 articles were considered relevant and included in the manuscript. An additional keyword research in Google revealed >230,000 entries, and 20 of those were included in the present manuscript. RESULTS A minimum age of 12-13 years is required to achieve a comparable quality of CPR to adult basic life support (BLS). Key issues are (i) the correct detection of a cardiac arrest, (ii) a correctly performed call for help, (iii) thoracic compressions and (iv) if applicable, the initiation of adequate mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Practical training showed a significantly higher CPR quality compared to theoretical training only or to the use of instruction or online videos only. Worldwide implementation of a 2-h BLS training per year in children from the age of 12 or younger is recommended by the "Kids Save Lives"- statement since 2015. In Germany, implementation at the level of the federal states has progressed to different degrees.
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114
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Semeraro F, Frisoli A, Loconsole C, Mastronicola N, Stroppa F, Ristagno G, Scapigliati A, Marchetti L, Cerchiari E. Kids (learn how to) save lives in the school with the serious game Relive. Resuscitation 2017; 116:27-32. [PMID: 28476478 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relive is a serious game focusing on increasing kids and young adults' awareness on CPR. We evaluated the use of Relive on schoolchildren. METHODS A longitudinal, prospective study was carried out in two high schools in Italy over a 8-month period, divided in three phases: baseline, competition, and retention. Improvement in schoolchildren's CPR awareness, in terms of knowledge (MCQ results) and skills (chest compression (CC) rate and depth), was evaluated. Usability of Relive and differences in CC performance according to sex and BMI class were also evaluated. RESULTS At baseline, students performed CC with a mean depth of 31mm and a rate of 95 cpm. In the competition phase, students performed CC with a mean depth of 46mm and a rate of 111 cpm. In the retention phase, students performed CC with a mean depth of 47mm and a rate of 131 cpm. Thus, the training session with Relive during the competition phase affected positively both CC depth (p<0.001) and rate (p<0.001). Such an effect persisted up to the retention phase. CC depth was also affected by gender (p<0.01) and BMI class (p<0.01). Indeed, CC depth was significantly greater in male players and in players with higher BMI. Seventy-three percent of students improved their CPR knowledge as represented by an increases in the MCQ score (p<0.001). The participants perceived the Relive to be easy to use with effective feedback. CONCLUSIONS Relive is an useful tool to spread CPR knowledge and improve CPR skills in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Semeraro
- Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC), Scientific Committe, Bologna, Italy; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Frisoli
- PERCRO Laboratory, TeCIP Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Loconsole
- PERCRO Laboratory, TeCIP Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Stroppa
- PERCRO Laboratory, TeCIP Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC), Scientific Committe, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Scapigliati
- Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC), Scientific Committe, Bologna, Italy; Institute of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Erga Cerchiari
- Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC), Scientific Committe, Bologna, Italy; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
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The trauma chain of survival - Each link is equally important (but some links are more equal than others). Injury 2017; 48:975-977. [PMID: 28427610 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Banfai B, Pek E, Pandur A, Csonka H, Betlehem J. 'The year of first aid': effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7-14-year-old primary school children. Emerg Med J 2017; 34:526-532. [PMID: 28420689 PMCID: PMC5537527 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2016-206284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study Bystanders can play an important role in the event of sudden injury or illness. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a 3-day first aid course for all primary school age groups (7–14 years old). Methods 582 school children were involved in the study. Training consisted of three sessions with transfer of theoretical knowledge and practical skills about first aid. The following most urgent situations were addressed in our study: adult basic life support (BLS), using an automated external defibrillator (AED), handling an unconscious patient, managing bleeding and calling the ambulance. Data collection was made with a questionnaire developed for the study and observation. Students were tested before, immediately after and 4 months after training. Results were considered significant in case of p<0.05. Results Prior to training there was a low level of knowledge and skills on BLS, management of the unconscious patient, use of an AED and management of bleeding. Knowledge and skills improved significantly in all of these categories (p<0.01) and remained significantly higher than the pre-test level at 4 months after training (p<0.01). Younger children overall performed less well than older children, but significantly improved over the pre-test level both immediately and 4 months after training (p<0.01). Prior first aid training was associated with knowledge of the correct ambulance number (p=0.015) and management of bleeding (p=0.041). Prior to training, age was associated with pre-test knowledge and skills of all topics (p<0.01); after training, it was only associated with AED use (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the depth of chest compression and children’s age, weight, height and body mass index (p<0.001). Ventilation depended on the same factors (p<0.001). Conclusion Children aged 7–14 years are able to perform basic life-saving skills. Knowledge retention after 4 months is good for skills, but thinking in algorithms is difficult for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balint Banfai
- University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Emergency Care and Health Pedagogy, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Pek
- University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Emergency Care and Health Pedagogy, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Pandur
- University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Emergency Care and Health Pedagogy, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Csonka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Betlehem
- University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Emergency Care and Health Pedagogy, Pécs, Hungary
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117
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Van Aken H, Hessler M, Brinkrolf P, Bohn A, Gottschalk A. Resuscitation Training for Schoolchildren Worldwide. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:1354-1356. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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118
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Böttiger BW, Semeraro F, Wingen S. "Kids Save Lives": Educating Schoolchildren in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Is a Civic Duty That Needs Support for Implementation. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005738. [PMID: 28292747 PMCID: PMC5524048 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Federico Semeraro
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabine Wingen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
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Böttiger BW, Semeraro F, Altemeyer KH, Breckwold J, Kreimeier U, Rücker G, Wingen S. KIDS SAVE LIVES – Schülerausbildung in Wiederbelebung. Notf Rett Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-017-0286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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120
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Bakke HK, Steinvik T, Angell J, Wisborg T. A nationwide survey of first aid training and encounters in Norway. BMC Emerg Med 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28228110 PMCID: PMC5322636 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-017-0116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bystander first aid can improve survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or trauma. Thus, providing first aid education to laypersons may lead to better outcomes. In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and distribution of first aid training in the populace, how often first aid skills are needed, and self-reported helping behaviour. Methods We conducted a telephone survey of 1000 respondents who were representative of the Norwegian population. Respondents were asked where and when they had first aid training, if they had ever encountered situations where first aid was necessary, and stratified by occupation. First aid included cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support (BLS). To test theoretical first aid knowledge, respondents were subjected to two hypothetical first aid scenarios. Results Among the respondents, 90% had received first aid training, and 54% had undergone first aid training within the last 5 years. The workplace was the most common source of first aid training. Of the 43% who had been in a situation requiring first aid, 89% had provided first aid in that situation. There were considerable variations among different occupations in first aid training, and exposure to situations requiring first aid. Theoretical first aid knowledge was not as good as expected in light of the high share who had first aid training. In the presented scenarios 42% of respondent would initiate CPR in an unconscious patient not breathing normally, and 46% would provide an open airway to an unconscious road traffic victim. First aid training was correlated with better theoretical knowledge, but time since first aid training was not. Conclusions A high proportion of the Norwegian population had first aid training, and interviewees reported high willingness to provide first aid. Theoretical first aid knowledge was worse than expected. While first aid is part of national school curriculum, few have listed school as the source for their first aid training. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12873-017-0116-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Kvåle Bakke
- Mo i Rana Hospital, Helgeland Hospital Trust, Mo i Rana, Norway. .,Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, IKM, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tine Steinvik
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, IKM, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Angell
- Lawyers Leiros & Olsen AS, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Law, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torben Wisborg
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, IKM, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Hammerfest Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Finnmark Health Trust, Hammerfest, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Trauma, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zinckernagel L, Hansen CM, Rod MH, Folke F, Torp-Pedersen C, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T. A qualitative study to identify barriers to deployment and student training in the use of automated external defibrillators in schools. BMC Emerg Med 2017; 17:3. [PMID: 28103818 PMCID: PMC5248449 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-017-0114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student training in use of automated external defibrillators and deployment of such defibrillators in schools is recommended to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Low implementation rates have been observed, and even at schools with a defibrillator, challenges such as delayed access have been reported. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to the implementation of defibrillator training of students and deployment of defibrillators in schools. METHODS A qualitative study based on semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups with a total of 25 participants, nine school leaders, and 16 teachers at eight different secondary schools in Denmark (2012-2013). Thematic analysis was used to identify regular patterns of meaning using the technology acceptance model and focusing on the concepts of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. RESULTS School leaders and teachers are concerned that automated external defibrillators are potentially dangerous, overly technical, and difficult to use, which was related to their limited familiarity with them. They were ambiguous about whether or not students are the right target group or which grade is suitable for defibrillator training. They were also ambiguous about deployment of defibrillators at schools. Those only accounting for the risk of students, considering their schools to be small, and that time for professional help was limited, found the relevance to be low. Due to safety concerns, some recommended that defibrillators at schools should be inaccessible to students. They lacked knowledge about how they work and are operated, and about the defibrillators already placed at their campuses (e.g., how to access them). Prior training and even a little knowledge about defibrillators were crucial to their perception of student training but not for their considerations on the relevance of their placement at schools. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial for implementation of automated external defibrillators in schools to inform staff about how they work and are operated and that students are an appropriate target group for defibrillator training. Furthermore, it is important to provide schools with a basis for decision making about when to install defibrillators, and to ensure that school staff and students are informed about their placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Zinckernagel
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Knowledge Center for Rehabilitation and Palliative care, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Odense and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vestergade 17, DK-5800 Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Carolina Malta Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Gentofte, Denmark
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Morten Hulvej Rod
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Kildegårdsvej 28, DK-2900 Gentofte, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Telegrafvej, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Salciccioli JD, Marshall DC, Sykes M, Wood AD, Joppa SA, Sinha M, Lim PB. Basic life support education in secondary schools: a cross-sectional survey in London, UK. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e011436. [PMID: 28062467 PMCID: PMC5223627 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Basic life support (BLS) training in schools is associated with improved outcomes from cardiac arrest. International consensus statements have recommended universal BLS training for school-aged children. The current practice of BLS training in London schools is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess current practices of BLS training in London secondary schools. SETTING, POPULATION AND OUTCOMES A prospective audit of BLS training in London secondary schools was conducted. Schools were contacted by email, and a subsequent telephone interview was conducted with staff familiar with local training practices. Response data were anonymised and captured electronically. Universal training was defined as any programme which delivers BLS training to all students in the school. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results. RESULTS A total of 65 schools completed the survey covering an estimated student population of 65 396 across 19 of 32 London boroughs. There were 5 (8%) schools that provide universal training programmes for students and an additional 31 (48%) offering training as part of an extracurricular programme or chosen module. An automated external defibrillator (AED) was available in 18 (28%) schools, unavailable in 40 (61%) and 7 (11%) reported their AED provision as unknown. The most common reasons for not having a universal BLS training programme are the requirement for additional class time (28%) and that funding is unavailable for such a programme (28%). There were 5 students who died from sudden cardiac arrest over the period of the past 10 years. CONCLUSIONS BLS training rates in London secondary schools are low, and the majority of schools do not have an AED available in case of emergency. These data highlight an opportunity to improve BLS training and AEDs provision. Future studies should assess programmes which are cost-effective and do not require significant amounts of additional class time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - P Boon Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, LondonUK
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Müller AS, Comploi M, Hötzel J, Lintner L, Rammlmair G, Weiß C, Kreimeier U. Praktische Fertigkeiten von Schulkindern nach videogestütztem Reanimationstraining. Notf Rett Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-016-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Beck S, Ruhnke B, Issleib M, Daubmann A, Harendza S, Zöllner C. Analyses of inter-rater reliability between professionals, medical students and trained school children as assessors of basic life support skills. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 16:263. [PMID: 27717352 PMCID: PMC5054623 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training of lay-rescuers is essential to improve survival-rates after cardiac arrest. Multiple campaigns emphasise the importance of basic life support (BLS) training for school children. Trainings require a valid assessment to give feedback to school children and to compare the outcomes of different training formats. Considering these requirements, we developed an assessment of BLS skills using MiniAnne and tested the inter-rater reliability between professionals, medical students and trained school children as assessors. METHODS Fifteen professional assessors, 10 medical students and 111-trained school children (peers) assessed 1087 school children at the end of a CPR-training event using the new assessment format. Analyses of inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC) were performed. RESULTS Overall inter-rater reliability of the summative assessment was high (ICC = 0.84, 95 %-CI: 0.84 to 0.86, n = 889). The number of comparisons between peer-peer assessors (n = 303), peer-professional assessors (n = 339), and peer-student assessors (n = 191) was adequate to demonstrate high inter-rater reliability between peer- and professional-assessors (ICC: 0.76), peer- and student-assessors (ICC: 0.88) and peer- and other peer-assessors (ICC: 0.91). Systematic variation in rating of specific items was observed for three items between professional- and peer-assessors. CONCLUSION Using this assessment and integrating peers and medical students as assessors gives the opportunity to assess hands-on skills of school children with high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Beck
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bjarne Ruhnke
- The Medical Faculty of the University Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Issleib
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Harendza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Zöllner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Opportunities and barriers to cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in English secondary schools. Eur J Emerg Med 2016; 23:381-5. [DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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López-González A, Sánchez-López M, Garcia-Hermoso A, López-Tendero J, Rabanales-Sotos J, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Muscular fitness as a mediator of quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:1845-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kitamura T, Nishiyama C, Murakami Y, Yonezawa T, Nakai S, Hamanishi M, Marukawa S, Sakamoto T, Iwami T. Compression-only CPR training in elementary schools and student attitude toward CPR. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:698-704. [PMID: 26663150 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effectiveness of systematic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for elementary school children. METHODS We introduced systematic training of chest compression-only CPR and automated external defibrillator (AED) use to elementary school students aged 10-12 years at 17 schools. The questionnaire compared student attitudes towards CPR and their knowledge about it before and after CPR training. We also evaluated parent and teacher views about CPR training in school education. The primary outcome was positive attitude, defined as "yes" and "maybe yes" on a 5 point Likert-type scale of student attitudes towards CPR.1 RESULTS: A total of 2047 elementary school students received CPR training. Of them, 1899 (92.8%) responded to the questionnaire regarding their attitude towards CPR before and after the training. Before training, 50.2% answered "yes" and 30.3% answered "maybe yes", to the question: "If someone suddenly collapses in front of you, can you do something such as check response or call emergency?" After training, their answers changed to 75.6% and 18.3% for "yes" and "maybe yes", respectively. Many of the students (72.3%, 271/370) who did not have a positive attitude before CPR training had a positive attitude after the training (P < 0.001). Most students understood how to perform CPR (97.7%) and use an AED (98.5%). Parents (96.2%, 1173/1220) and teachers (98.3%, 56/57) answered that it was "good" and "maybe good" for children to receive the training at elementary schools. CONCLUSION Systematic chest compression-only CPR training helped elementary school students to improve their attitude towards CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Nishiyama
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Kyoto University Graduate School of Human Health Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tetsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
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Fonseca del Pozo FJ, Valle Alonso J, Canales Velis NB, Andrade Barahona MM, Siggers A, Lopera E. Basic life support knowledge of secondary school students in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training using a song. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 7:237-241. [PMID: 27442599 PMCID: PMC4958348 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5780.a207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of a "cardiopulmonary resuscitation song" in improving the basic life support skills of secondary school students. METHODS This pre-test/post-test control design study enrolled secondary school students from two middle schools randomly chosen in Córdoba, Andalucia, Spain. The study included 608 teenagers. A random sample of 87 students in the intervention group and 35 in the control group, aged 12-14 years were selected. The intervention included a cardiopulmonary resuscitation song and video. A questionnaire was conducted at three-time points: pre-intervention, one month and eight months post-intervention. RESULTS On global knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, there were no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in the trial pre-intervention and at the month post-intervention. However, at 8 months there were significant differences with a p-value = 0.000 (intervention group, 95% CI: 6.39 to 7.13 vs. control group, 95% CI: 4.75 to 5.92), F(1,120)=16.644, p=0.000). In addition, significant differences about students' basic life support knowledge about chest compressions at eight months post-intervention (F(1,120)=15.561, p=0.000) were found. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that incorporating the song component in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation teaching increased its effectiveness and the ability to remember the cardiopulmonary resuscitation algorithm. Our study highlights the need for different methods in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation teaching to facilitate knowledge retention and increase the number of positive outcomes after sudden cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquin Valle Alonso
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Aidan Siggers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Elisa Lopera
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Comarcal Valle de Los Pedroches. Pozoblanco (Córdoba), Spain
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Cuijpers PJPM, Bookelman G, Kicken W, de Vries W, Gorgels APM. Medical students and physical education students as CPR instructors: an appropriate solution to the CPR-instructor shortage in secondary schools? Neth Heart J 2016; 24:456-61. [PMID: 27194119 PMCID: PMC4943883 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-016-0838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in secondary schools will increase the number of potential CPR providers. However, currently too few certified instructors are available for this purpose. Training medical students and physical education student teachers to become CPR instructors could decrease this shortage. Aim Examine whether medical students and physical education student teachers can provide CPR training for secondary school pupils as well as (i. e., non-inferior to) registered nurses. Methods A total of 144 secondary school pupils were randomly assigned to CPR training by a registered nurse (n = 12), a medical student (n = 17) or a physical education student teacher (n = 15). CPR performance was assessed after training and after eight weeks in a simulated cardiac arrest scenario on a resuscitation manikin, using manikin software and video recordings. Results No significant differences were found between the groups on the overall Cardiff Test scores and the correctness of the CPR techniques during the post-training and retention test. All pupils showed sufficient CPR competence, even after eight weeks. Conclusion Training by medical students or physical education student teachers is non-inferior to training by a registered nurse, suggesting that school teachers, student teachers and medical students can be recruited for CPR training in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J P M Cuijpers
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - G Bookelman
- department Cardiology, Maastricht University MedicalCenter +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W Kicken
- Welten Institute, Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, The Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - W de Vries
- Knowledge Centre ACM Education, Elburg, The Netherlands
| | - A P M Gorgels
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Innovative cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator programs in schools: Results from the Student Program for Olympic Resuscitation Training in Schools (SPORTS) study. Resuscitation 2016; 104:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Beskind DL, Stolz U, Thiede R, Hoyer R, Burns W, Brown J, Ludgate M, Tiutan T, Shane R, McMorrow D, Pleasants M, Panchal AR. Viewing a brief chest-compression-only CPR video improves bystander CPR performance and responsiveness in high school students: A cluster randomized trial. Resuscitation 2016; 104:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jorge-Soto C, Abelairas-Gómez C, Barcala-Furelos R, Garrido-Viñas A, Navarro-Patón R, Muiño-Piñeiro M, Díaz-Pereira MP, Rodríguez-Núñez A. Automated external defibrillation skills by naive schoolchildren. Resuscitation 2016; 106:37-41. [PMID: 27353288 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Early defibrillation should achieve the highest survival rates when applied within the first minutes after the collapse. Public access defibrillation programs have increased the population awareness of the importance of defibrillation. Schoolchildren should be trained in basic life support (BLS) skills and some countries have included BLS in their school syllabus. However, little is known of the current knowledge and ability of schoolchildren to use an automated external defibrillator (AED). METHODS A multicentric descriptive study, 1295 children from 6 to 16 years of age without previous BLS or AED training. Subjects performed a simulation with an AED and a manikin with no training or feedback and were evaluated by means of a checklist. RESULTS A total of 258 participants (19.9%) were able to simulate an effective and safe defibrillation in less than 3min and 52 (20.1% of this group) performed it successfully. A significant correlation between objective and age group was observed (G=0.172) (p<0.001). The average time to deliver a shock was 83.3±26.4s; that time decreased significantly with age [6 YO (108.3±40.4) vs. 16 YO (64.7±18.6)s] (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Around 20% of schoolchildren without prior training are able to use an AED correctly in less than 3min following the device's acoustic and visual instructions. However, only one-fifth of those who showed success managed to complete the procedure satisfactorily. These facts should be considered in order to provide a more accurate definition and effective implementation of BLS/AED teaching and training at schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jorge-Soto
- School of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CLINURSID Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- CLINURSID Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; University School of Health Sciences, European Atlantic University, Santander, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- CLINURSID Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; University School of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Anxela Garrido-Viñas
- School of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- University School of Teacher Training, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Muiño-Piñeiro
- University School of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Pino Díaz-Pereira
- University School of Educational Sciences, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- School of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CLINURSID Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paediatric Emergency and Critical Care Division, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Research of Santiago (IDIS) and SAMID-II Network, Spain.
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134
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Böttiger BW, Bossaert LL, Castrén M, Cimpoesu D, Georgiou M, Greif R, Grünfeld M, Lockey A, Lott C, Maconochie I, Melieste R, Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Perkins GD, Raffay V, Schlieber J, Semeraro F, Soar J, Truhlář A, Van de Voorde P, Wyllie J, Wingen S. Kids Save Lives - ERC position statement on school children education in CPR.: "Hands that help - Training children is training for life". Resuscitation 2016; 105:A1-3. [PMID: 27339096 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B W Böttiger
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - L L Bossaert
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Castrén
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Cimpoesu
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr.T. Popa Iasi, Emergency Department - Emergency County Hospital Sf. Spiridon, Iasi, Romania
| | - M Georgiou
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; American Medical Center Cyprus, Nicosia University Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - R Greif
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Grünfeld
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Emergency Medicine, Prehospital Unit, Community Health Centre Kranj, Kranj, Slovenia
| | - A Lockey
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Emergency Medicine, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Halifax, UK
| | - C Lott
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mainz, Germany
| | - I Maconochie
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - R Melieste
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium
| | - K G Monsieurs
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Emergency Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J P Nolan
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - G D Perkins
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Warwick Medical School and Heart of England NHS Foundation, Warwick, UK
| | - V Raffay
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium
| | - J Schlieber
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; AUVA Trauma Center Salzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Semeraro
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna Italy
| | - J Soar
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol UK
| | - A Truhlář
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Emergency Medical Services of the Hradec Králové Region, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - P Van de Voorde
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Wyllie
- European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgium; Department of Neonatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Wingen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Cologne, Germany.
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Nord A, Svensson L, Hult H, Kreitz-Sandberg S, Nilsson L. Effect of mobile application-based versus DVD-based CPR training on students' practical CPR skills and willingness to act: a cluster randomised study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010717. [PMID: 27130166 PMCID: PMC4853996 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to compare students' practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills and willingness to perform bystander CPR, after a 30 min mobile application (app)-based versus a 50 min DVD-based training. SETTINGS Seventh grade students in two Swedish municipalities. DESIGN A cluster randomised trial. The classes were randomised to receive app-based or DVD-based training. Willingness to act and practical CPR skills were assessed, directly after training and at 6 months, by using a questionnaire and a PC Skill Reporting System. Data on CPR skills were registered in a modified version of the Cardiff test, where scores were given in 12 different categories, adding up to a total score of 12-48 points. Training and measurements were performed from December 2013 to October 2014. PARTICIPANTS 63 classes or 1232 seventh grade students (13-year-old) were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary end point was the total score of the modified Cardiff test. The individual variables of the test and self-reported willingness to make a life-saving intervention were secondary end points. RESULTS The DVD-based group was superior to the app-based group in CPR skills; a total score of 36 (33-38) vs 33 (30-36) directly after training (p<0.001) and 33 (30-36) and 31 (28-34) at 6 months (p<0.001), respectively. At 6 months, the DVD group performed significantly better in 8 out of 12 CPR skill components. Both groups improved compression depth from baseline to follow-up. If a friend suffered cardiac arrest, 78% (DVD) versus 75% (app) would do compressions and ventilations, whereas only 31% (DVD) versus 32% (app) would perform standard CPR if the victim was a stranger. CONCLUSIONS At 6 months follow-up, the 50 min DVD-based group showed superior CPR skills compared with the 30 min app-based group. The groups did not differ in regard to willingness to make a life-saving effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Nord
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Leif Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hult
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Zinckernagel L, Malta Hansen C, Rod MH, Folke F, Torp-Pedersen C, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T. What are the barriers to implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in secondary schools? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010481. [PMID: 27113236 PMCID: PMC4853997 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in schools is recommended to increase bystander CPR and thereby survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but despite mandating legislation, low rates of implementation have been observed in several countries, including Denmark. The purpose of the study was to explore barriers to implementation of CPR training in Danish secondary schools. DESIGN A qualitative study based on individual interviews and focus groups with school leadership and teachers. Thematic analysis was used to identify regular patterns of meaning both within and across the interviews. SETTING 8 secondary schools in Denmark. Schools were selected using strategic sampling to reach maximum variation, including schools with/without recent experience in CPR training of students, public/private schools and schools near to and far from hospitals. PARTICIPANTS The study population comprised 25 participants, 9 school leadership members and 16 teachers. RESULTS School leadership and teachers considered it important for implementation and sustainability of CPR training that teachers conduct CPR training of students. However, they preferred external instructors to train students, unless teachers acquired the CPR skills which they considered were needed. They considered CPR training to differ substantially from other teaching subjects because it is a matter of life and death, and they therefore believed extraordinary skills were required for conducting the training. This was mainly rooted in their insecurity about their own CPR skills. CPR training kits seemed to lower expectations of skill requirements to conduct CPR training, but only among those who were familiar with such kits. CONCLUSIONS To facilitate implementation of CPR training in schools, it is necessary to have clear guidelines regarding the required proficiency level to train students in CPR, to provide teachers with these skills, and to underscore that extensive skills are not required to provide CPR. Further, it is important to familiarise teachers with CPR training kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Zinckernagel
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Malta Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Morten Hulvej Rod
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Reveruzzi B, Buckley L, Sheehan M. School-Based First Aid Training Programs: A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016; 86:266-272. [PMID: 26930238 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review examines the breadth of first aid training delivered to school students and the components that are age appropriate to adolescents. METHOD Eligible studies included school-based first aid interventions targeting students aged between 10 and 18 years. Online databases were searched, for peer-reviewed publications available as at August 2014. RESULTS A total of 20 journal articles were relevant to the review. Research supported programs with longer durations (3 hours or more). Most programs taught resuscitation alone and few included content that was context-specific and relevant to the target group. The training experience of the facilitator did not appear to impact on student outcomes. Incorporating both practical and didactic components was found to be an important factor in delivering material and facilitating the retention of knowledge. Educational resources and facilitator training were found to be common features of effective programs. CONCLUSIONS The review supports first aid in school curriculum and provides details of key components pertinent to design of school-based first aid programs. The findings suggest that first aid training may have benefits wider than the uptake and retention of knowledge and skills. There is a need for future research, particularly randomized controlled trials to aid in identifying best practice approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Reveruzzi
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Lisa Buckley
- University of Michigan, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
| | - Mary Sheehan
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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Lukas RP, Van Aken H, Mölhoff T, Weber T, Rammert M, Wild E, Bohn A. Kids save lives: a six-year longitudinal study of schoolchildren learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Who should do the teaching and will the effects last? Resuscitation 2016; 101:35-40. [PMID: 26868079 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This prospective longitudinal study over 6 years compared schoolteachers and emergency physicians as resuscitation trainers for schoolchildren. It also investigated whether pupils who were trained annually for 3 years retain their resuscitation skills after the end of this study. METHODS A total of 261 pupils (fifth grade) at two German grammar schools received resuscitation training by trained teachers or by emergency physicians. The annual training events stopped after 3 years in one group and continued for 6 years in a second group. We measured knowledge about resuscitation (questionnaire), chest compression rate (min(-1)), chest compression depth (mm), ventilation rate (min(-1)), ventilation volume (mL), self-efficacy (questionnaire). Their performance was evaluated after 1, 3 and 6 years. RESULTS The training events increased the pupils' knowledge and practical skills. When trained by teachers, the pupils achieved better results for knowledge (92.86% ± 8.38 vs. 90.10% ± 8.63, P=0.04) and ventilation rate (4.84/min ± 4.05 vs. 3.76/min ± 2.37, P=0.04) than when they were trained by emergency physicians. There were no differences with regard to chest compression rate, depth, ventilation volume, or self-efficacy at the end of the study. Knowledge and skills after 6 years were equivalent in the group with 6 years training compared with 3 years training. CONCLUSIONS Trained teachers can provide adequate resuscitation training in schools. Health-care professionals are not mandatory for CPR training (easier for schools to implement resuscitation training). The final evaluation after 6 years showed that resuscitation skills are retained even when training is interrupted for 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman-Patrik Lukas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
| | - Hugo Van Aken
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Mölhoff
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Katholische Stiftung Marienhospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Monika Rammert
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elke Wild
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Bohn
- City of Münster Fire Department and Emergency Services, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quick initiation of basic life support (BLS) by laypersons is one of the most successful strategies in the fight against sudden cardiac death. In developed countries, cardiac arrest is still a major contributor to avoidable death, and despite the fact that more than 50% of all cardiac arrests are witnessed, layperson BLS is performed in less than 20%. To improve this situation, BLS training in schools has been established. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction including the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) has shown to be feasible even for young schoolchildren, and there is an indication that respective programmes are effective to enhance patient outcome on a population basis. Earlier training may even lead to more sustainable results; however, it is reasonable to implement adjusted curricula for different child ages. The programme 'Kids Save Lives' recently endorsed by the WHO will help promoting school-based BLS training worldwide demanding education on CPR for all pupils starting at least at age 12. SUMMARY Resuscitation training in schools can help to increase the amount of BLS-trained population. Social skills of pupils can be improved and training can be successfully implemented independently of the pupils' age and physique.
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Matchim Y, Kongsuwan W. Thai nursing students' experiences when attending real life situations involving cardiac life support: A Phenomenological study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2015; 35:1186-91. [PMID: 26047601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last few years, manikin simulations have been used for cardiac life support training procedures in medical and nursing education. However, some nursing students have experienced attending real events involving cardiac life support during their clinical practice. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the meaning of experience of Thai nursing students when attending real situations of cardiac life support. METHODS A hermeneutic phenomenological study was used. Third and fourth year bachelor of nursing students at a university in the southern region of Thailand who had the experience of attending real situation of cardiac life support were purposely selected as the informants. The data were generated from individual in-depth interviews with eighteen nursing students. Van Manen's approach was used to analyze the data. Trustworthiness was established using the criteria set out by Lincoln and Guba. RESULTS Essential themes situated in the context of the four existential grounds of body, time, space, and relation emerged. These were: being worried and fearful while desiring to participate in cardiac life support procedures; enhancing self value; knowing each moment is meaningful for one's life; having time to understand the reality of life; being in a small corner; appreciating such opportunities and the encouragement given by nurses and the healthcare team; and feeling empathy. CONCLUSIONS Besides learning in classrooms and practicing in labs, experiencing real situations is beneficial for nursing students in learning cardiac life support. This study provides information that can be used for clinical teaching management in the topics relating to cardiac life support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowarat Matchim
- Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Waraporn Kongsuwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Monsieurs K, Nolan J, Bossaert L, Greif R, Maconochie I, Nikolaou N, Perkins G, Soar J, Truhlář A, Wyllie J, Zideman D. Kurzdarstellung. Notf Rett Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-015-0097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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142
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Ecker H, Schroeder D, Böttiger B. “Kids save lives” – School resuscitation programs worldwide and WHO initiative for this. TRENDS IN ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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143
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Schoolchildren as BLS instructors for relatives and friends: Impact on attitude towards bystander CPR. Resuscitation 2015; 85:1769-74. [PMID: 25447432 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the impact of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction by children on the attitude of people to perform bystander CPR. METHODS In 2012, children from primary and secondary school (age span 11–13 years) received a free individual CPR training package containing an inexpensive manikin and a training video. After a CPR training session by their class teacher, they were invited to teach their relatives and friends. After the training, the trainees of the children were invited to participate in a web survey, containing a test and questions about prior CPR training and about their attitude towards bystander CPR (BCPR) before and after the training. We measured the impact on the attitude to perform BCPR and the theoretical knowledge transfer by the children. RESULTS A total of 4012 training packages were distributed to 72 schools of which 55 class teachers subscribed their students (n = 822) for the training programme for relatives and friends. After a validation procedure, 874 trainees of 290 children were included in the study. In comparison to trainees of secondary schoolchildren, trainees of primary schoolchildren scored better for the test as well as for a positive change of attitude towards future BCPR (P < 0.001). For every child-instructor 1.7 people changed their attitude towards BCPR positively. CONCLUSIONS Instructing schoolchildren to teach their relatives and friends in Basic Life Support (BLS) led to a more positive attitude towards BCPR. The results were more positive with trainees from primary schoolchildren than with trainees from secondary schoolchildren.
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Greif R, Lockey A, Conaghan P, Lippert A, De Vries W, Monsieurs K. Ausbildung und Implementierung der Reanimation. Notf Rett Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-015-0092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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145
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Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL, Greif R, Maconochie IK, Nikolaou NI, Perkins GD, Soar J, Truhlář A, Wyllie J, Zideman DA, Alfonzo A, Arntz HR, Askitopoulou H, Bellou A, Beygui F, Biarent D, Bingham R, Bierens JJ, Böttiger BW, Bossaert LL, Brattebø G, Brugger H, Bruinenberg J, Cariou A, Carli P, Cassan P, Castrén M, Chalkias AF, Conaghan P, Deakin CD, De Buck ED, Dunning J, De Vries W, Evans TR, Eich C, Gräsner JT, Greif R, Hafner CM, Handley AJ, Haywood KL, Hunyadi-Antičević S, Koster RW, Lippert A, Lockey DJ, Lockey AS, López-Herce J, Lott C, Maconochie IK, Mentzelopoulos SD, Meyran D, Monsieurs KG, Nikolaou NI, Nolan JP, Olasveengen T, Paal P, Pellis T, Perkins GD, Rajka T, Raffay VI, Ristagno G, Rodríguez-Núñez A, Roehr CC, Rüdiger M, Sandroni C, Schunder-Tatzber S, Singletary EM, Skrifvars MB, Smith GB, Smyth MA, Soar J, Thies KC, Trevisanuto D, Truhlář A, Vandekerckhove PG, de Voorde PV, Sunde K, Urlesberger B, Wenzel V, Wyllie J, Xanthos TT, Zideman DA. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation 2015; 95:1-80. [PMID: 26477410 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koenraad G Monsieurs
- Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jerry P Nolan
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Robert Greif
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian K Maconochie
- Paediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and BRC Imperial NIHR, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Gavin D Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jasmeet Soar
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Anatolij Truhlář
- Emergency Medical Services of the Hradec Králové Region, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Wyllie
- Department of Neonatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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Greif R, Lockey AS, Conaghan P, Lippert A, De Vries W, Monsieurs KG, Ballance JH, Barelli A, Biarent D, Bossaert L, Castrén M, Handley AJ, Lott C, Maconochie I, Nolan JP, Perkins G, Raffay V, Ringsted C, Soar J, Schlieber J, Van de Voorde P, Wyllie J, Zideman D. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Resuscitation 2015; 95:288-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Noble AJ. Unplanned hospital use by people with epilepsy: A lever by which to bring about increased self-management support? Epilepsy Behav 2015; 51:57-9. [PMID: 26262933 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Noble
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, The Whelan Building, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
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148
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Perkins GD, Lockey AS, de Belder MA, Moore F, Weissberg P, Gray H. National initiatives to improve outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in England. Emerg Med J 2015; 33:448-51. [PMID: 26400865 PMCID: PMC4941191 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-204847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Perkins
- Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes, Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Andrew S Lockey
- Resuscitation Council (UK), Tavistock House North, Tavistock Square, London, UK
| | - Mark A de Belder
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (NICOR), UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Fionna Moore
- National Ambulance Services Medical Directors' Group, London Ambulance Service NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Huon Gray
- National Clinical Director (Cardiac), NHS England, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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149
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Noble AJ, Marson AG, Tudur-Smith C, Morgan M, Hughes DA, Goodacre S, Ridsdale L. 'Seizure First Aid Training' for people with epilepsy who attend emergency departments, and their family and friends: study protocol for intervention development and a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009040. [PMID: 26209121 PMCID: PMC4521519 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with chronic epilepsy (PWE) often make costly but clinically unnecessary emergency department (ED) visits. Offering them and their carers a self-management intervention that improves confidence and ability to manage seizures may lead to fewer visits. As no such intervention currently exists, we describe a project to develop and pilot one. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To develop the intervention, an existing group-based seizure management course that has been offered by the Epilepsy Society within the voluntary sector to a broader audience will be adapted. Feedback from PWE, carers and representatives from the main groups caring for PWE will help refine the course so that it addresses the needs of ED attendees. Its behaviour change potential will also be optimised. A pilot randomised controlled trial will then be completed. 80 PWE aged ≥16 who have visited the ED in the prior 12 months on ≥2 occasions, along with one of their family members or friends, will be recruited from three NHS EDs. Dyads will be randomised to receive the intervention or treatment as usual alone. The proposed primary outcome is ED use in the 12 months following randomisation. For the pilot, this will be measured using routine hospital data. Secondary outcomes will be measured by patients and carers completing questionnaires 3, 6 and 12 months postrandomisation. Rates of recruitment, retention and unblinding will be calculated, along with the ED event rate in the control group and an estimate of the intervention's effect on the outcome measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval: NRES Committee North West-Liverpool East (Reference number 15/NW/0225). The project's findings will provide robust evidence on the acceptability of seizure management training and on the optimal design of a future definitive trial. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13 871 327.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Noble
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A G Marson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Tudur-Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Morgan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Liverpool, UK
| | - D A Hughes
- Centre for Health Economics & Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - S Goodacre
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Ridsdale
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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150
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Böttiger BW, Van Aken H. Kids save lives--Training school children in cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide is now endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Resuscitation 2015. [PMID: 26209417 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hugo Van Aken
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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