101
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Turdo A, Porcelli G, D’Accardo C, Di Franco S, Verona F, Forte S, Giuffrida D, Memeo L, Todaro M, Stassi G. Metabolic Escape Routes of Cancer Stem Cells and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1436. [PMID: 32486505 PMCID: PMC7352619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although improvement in early diagnosis and treatment ameliorated life expectancy of cancer patients, metastatic disease still lacks effective therapeutic approaches. Resistance to anticancer therapies stems from the refractoriness of a subpopulation of cancer cells-termed cancer stem cells (CSCs)-which is endowed with tumor initiation and metastasis formation potential. CSCs are heterogeneous and diverge by phenotypic, functional and metabolic perspectives. Intrinsic as well as extrinsic stimuli dictated by the tumor microenvironment (TME)have critical roles in determining cell metabolic reprogramming from glycolytic toward an oxidative phenotype and vice versa, allowing cancer cells to thrive in adverse milieus. Crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment occurs through the interchange of metabolites, miRNAs and exosomes that drive cancer cells metabolic adaptation. Herein, we identify the metabolic nodes of CSCs and discuss the latest advances in targeting metabolic demands of both CSCs and stromal cells with the scope of improving current therapies and preventing cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
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102
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Mitochondrial bioenergetics, uncoupling protein-2 activity, and reactive oxygen species production in the small intestine of a TNBS-induced colitis rat model. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:87-98. [PMID: 32394310 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient uptake across the jejunum that serves as the main site for absorption in the small intestine. This association has prompted us to investigate the bioenergetics underlying the alterations in jejunal absorption in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. We have found that mitochondrial oxygen consumption did not change in state 2 and state 3 respirations but showed an increase in state 4 respiration indicating a decrease in the respiratory control ratio of jejunal mitochondria during the peak of inflammation. This decrease in the coupling state was found to be guanosine diphosphate-sensitive, hence, implicating the involvement of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). Furthermore, the study has reported that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to be activators of UCP2, correlated negatively with UCP2 activity. Thus, we suggest that ROS production in the jejunum might be activating UCP2 which has an antioxidant activity, and that uncoupling of the mitochondria decreases the efficiency of energy production, leading to a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient absorption. Hence, this study is the first to account for an involvement of energy production and a role for UCP2 in the absorptive abnormalities of the small intestine in animal models of colitis.
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103
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The Hematopoietic Oxidase NOX2 Regulates Self-Renewal of Leukemic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 27:238-254.e6. [PMID: 30943405 PMCID: PMC6931909 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NADPH-dependent oxidase NOX2 is an important effector of immune cell function, and its activity has been linked to oncogenic signaling. Here, we describe a role for NOX2 in leukemia-initiating stem cell populations (LSCs). In a murine model of leukemia, suppression of NOX2 impaired core metabolism, attenuated disease development, and depleted functionally defined LSCs. Transcriptional analysis of purified LSCs revealed that deficiency of NOX2 collapses the self-renewal program and activates inflammatory and myeloid-differentiation-associated programs. Downstream of NOX2, we identified the forkhead transcription factor FOXC1 as a mediator of the phenotype. Notably, suppression of NOX2 or FOXC1 led to marked differentiation of leukemic blasts. In xenotransplantation models of primary human myeloid leukemia, suppression of either NOX2 or FOXC1 significantly attenuated disease development. Collectively, these findings position NOX2 as a critical regulator of malignant hematopoiesis and highlight the clinical potential of inhibiting NOX2 as a means to target LSCs.
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104
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Chen X, Wang C, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Tao Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Li C, Ye D, Liu D, Jiang W, Chin EY, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang M, Liu S, Zhang X. Bcl-3 promotes Wnt signaling by maintaining the acetylation of β-catenin at lysine 49 in colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:52. [PMID: 32355204 PMCID: PMC7193563 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and the homeostasis of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs), but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. B-cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl-3), a member of the IκB family, is overexpressed in CRC and promotes tumorigenicity. Here, we report a novel function of Bcl-3 in maintaining colorectal CSC homeostasis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Silencing Bcl-3 suppresses the self-renewal capacity of colorectal CSCs and sensitizes CRC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through a decrease in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, our data show that Bcl-3 is a crucial component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is essential for β-catenin transcriptional activity in CRC cells. Interestingly, Wnt3a increases the level and nuclear translocation of Bcl-3, which binds directly to β-catenin and enhances the acetylation of β-catenin at lysine 49 (Ac-K49-β-catenin) and transcriptional activity. Bcl-3 depletion decreases the Ac-K49-β-catenin level by increasing the level of histone deacetylase 1 to remove acetyl groups from β-catenin, thus interrupting Wnt/β-catenin activity. In CRC clinical specimens, Bcl-3 expression negatively correlates with the overall survival of CRC patients. A significantly positive correlation was found between the expression of Bcl-3 and Ac-K49-β-catenin. Collectively, our data reveal that Bcl-3 plays a crucial role in CRC chemoresistance and colorectal CSC maintenance via its modulation of the Ac-K49-β-catenin, which serves as a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yongxu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Cuifeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Deji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenxia Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Eugene Y Chin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Sanhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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105
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Ulgherait M, Chen A, McAllister SF, Kim HX, Delventhal R, Wayne CR, Garcia CJ, Recinos Y, Oliva M, Canman JC, Picard M, Owusu-Ansah E, Shirasu-Hiza M. Circadian regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling and lifespan. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1927. [PMID: 32317636 PMCID: PMC7174288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because old age is associated with defects in circadian rhythm, loss of circadian regulation is thought to be pathogenic and contribute to mortality. We show instead that loss of specific circadian clock components Period (Per) and Timeless (Tim) in male Drosophila significantly extends lifespan. This lifespan extension is not mediated by canonical diet-restriction longevity pathways but is due to altered cellular respiration via increased mitochondrial uncoupling. Lifespan extension of per mutants depends on mitochondrial uncoupling in the intestine. Moreover, upregulated uncoupling protein UCP4C in intestinal stem cells and enteroblasts is sufficient to extend lifespan and preserve proliferative homeostasis in the gut with age. Consistent with inducing a metabolic state that prevents overproliferation, mitochondrial uncoupling drugs also extend lifespan and inhibit intestinal stem cell overproliferation due to aging or even tumorigenesis. These results demonstrate that circadian-regulated intestinal mitochondrial uncoupling controls longevity in Drosophila and suggest a new potential anti-aging therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Ulgherait
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna Chen
- Columbia College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Han X Kim
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rebecca Delventhal
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Charlotte R Wayne
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christian J Garcia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yocelyn Recinos
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Julie C Canman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mimi Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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106
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Harris IS, DeNicola GM. The Complex Interplay between Antioxidants and ROS in Cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:440-451. [PMID: 32303435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we discuss the types ofROS, their impact on cellular processes, and their pro- and antitumorigenic effects. Further, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in tumorigenic processes. Finally, wediscuss how aberrant activation of antioxidant programs by the transcription factor NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2) influences tumorigenesis and metastasis, and where the current gaps in our knowledge remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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107
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Hou T, Zeng H, Kalambhe D, Wang B, Shen X, Huang Y. Macrophage-based nanotherapeutic strategies in ulcerative colitis. J Control Release 2020; 320:363-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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108
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Li J, Peng W, Yang P, Chen R, Gu Q, Qian W, Ji D, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Tang J, Sun Y. MicroRNA-1224-5p Inhibits Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting SP1-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:294. [PMID: 32231999 PMCID: PMC7083241 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in cancer initiation and progression. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remain unclear. Here, we show that downregulation of miR-1224-5p in CRC is negatively correlated with SP1 expression and metastasis in patients and xenografted mouse models. Gain- and loss-of-function assays reveal that miR-1224-5p suppresses the migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo by directly targeting SP1. Moreover, SP1 promotes the phosphorylation of p65, which results in EMT progress in CRC cells. Clinical analysis reveals that miR-1224-5p and SP1 expression are remarkably associated with advanced clinical features and unfavorable prognosis of patients with CRC. Further study confirms that hypoxia accounts for the depletion of miR-1224-5p in CRC. The enhancement of hypoxia during epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis of CRC cells is abolished by miR-1224-5p. Our findings provide the first evidence that miR-1224-5p is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ranran Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiou Gu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongjian Ji
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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109
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Kotelevets L, Chastre E. Rac1 Signaling: From Intestinal Homeostasis to Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030665. [PMID: 32178475 PMCID: PMC7140047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in a variety of dynamic cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, cell-cell contacts, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell motility, and invasiveness. These processes are orchestrated through the fine tuning of Rac1 activity by upstream cell surface receptors and effectors that regulate the cycling Rac1-GDP (off state)/Rac1-GTP (on state), but also through the tuning of Rac1 accumulation, activity, and subcellular localization by post translational modifications or recruitment into molecular scaffolds. Another level of regulation involves Rac1 transcripts stability and splicing. Downstream, Rac1 initiates a series of signaling networks, including regulatory complex of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, activation of protein kinases (PAKs, MAPKs) and transcription factors (NFkB, Wnt/β-catenin/TCF, STAT3, Snail), production of reactive oxygen species (NADPH oxidase holoenzymes, mitochondrial ROS). Thus, this GTPase, its regulators, and effector systems might be involved at different steps of the neoplastic progression from dysplasia to the metastatic cascade. After briefly placing Rac1 and its effector systems in the more general context of intestinal homeostasis and in wound healing after intestinal injury, the present review mainly focuses on the several levels of Rac1 signaling pathway dysregulation in colorectal carcinogenesis, their biological significance, and their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kotelevets
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Eric Chastre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
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110
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Xie H, Ma Y, Li J, Chen H, Xie Y, Chen M, Zhao X, Tang S, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Du J, Zhang F, Gu L. WNT7A Promotes EGF-Induced Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Activating β-Catenin/MMP9-Mediated Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32174831 PMCID: PMC7054863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and hypothesis Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce the migration of various cancer cells. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms for EGF-induced migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain to be elucidated. WNT7A, a member of the family of 19 Wnt secreted glycoproteins, is commonly associated with tumor development. It is mostly unknown whether and, if so, how EGF modulates WNT7A in OSCC cells. The role of WNT7A in OSCC was thus investigated to explore the underlying signaling mechanisms for EGF-induced migration of OSCC. Methods Cell migration was measured by Wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Western blotting was carried out to detect the expression of WNT7A, MMP9, β-catenin, p-AKT, and p-ERK. The cells were transfected with plasmids or siRNA to upregulate or downregulate the expression of WNT7A. The location of β-catenin was displayed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to confirm the relation between WNT7A expression and OSCC progression. Results The present study showed that the levels of WNT7A mRNA and protein were increased by EGF stimulation in OSCC cells. Besides, it was proved that p-AKT, but not p-ERK, mediated the expression of WNT7A protein induced by EGF. Furthermore, the inhibition of AKT activation prevented the EGF-induced increase of WNT7A and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) expression and translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, histological analysis of OSCC specimens revealed an association between WNT7A expression and poor clinical prognosis of the disease. Conclusions The data in this paper indicated that WNT7A could be a potential oncogene in OSCC and identified a novel PI3K/AKT/WNT7A/β-catenin/MMP9 signaling for EGF-induced migration of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Implantology, Changzhou Stomatological Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huixia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Implantology, Changzhou Stomatological Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yongfu Xie
- Department of Implantology, Changzhou Stomatological Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Minzhen Chen
- Department of Implantology, Changzhou Stomatological Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijie Tang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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111
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P-REX1-Independent, Calcium-Dependent RAC1 Hyperactivation in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020480. [PMID: 32092966 PMCID: PMC7072377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase Rac1 is a well-established master regulator of cell motility and invasiveness contributing to cancer metastasis. Dysregulation of the Rac1 signaling pathway, resulting in elevated motile and invasive potential, has been reported in multiple cancers. However, there are limited studies on the regulation of Rac1 in prostate cancer. Here, we demonstrate that aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer cells display marked hyperactivation of Rac1. This hyperactivation is independent of P-Rex1 activity or its direct activators, the PI3K product PIP3 and Gβγ subunits. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the motility and invasiveness of PC3 prostate cancer cells is independent of P-Rex1, supporting the analysis of publicly available datasets indicating no correlation between high P-Rex1 expression and cancer progression in patients. Rac1 hyperactivation was not related to the presence of activating Rac1 mutations and was insensitive to overexpression of a Rac-GAP or the silencing of specific Rac-GEFs expressed in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, active Rac1 levels in these cells were markedly reduced by elevations in intracellular calcium or by serum stimulation, suggesting the presence of an alternative means of Rac1 regulation in prostate cancer that does not involve previously established paradigms.
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112
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Jiang C, Sun ZM, Zhu DC, Guo Q, Xu JJ, Lin JH, Chen ZX, Wu YS. Inhibition of Rac1 activity by NSC23766 prevents cartilage endplate degeneration via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3582-3592. [PMID: 32040269 PMCID: PMC7131937 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration has been considered as one of important factors related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Previous researches have showed that Rac1 played a pivotal role in chondrocyte differentiation. However, the effect of Rac1 during the process of CEP degeneration remains unclear. Herein, we explored the effect of Rac1 on CEP degeneration and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. We found expression of Rac1‐GTP increased in human‐degenerated CEP tissue and IL‐1β‐stimulated rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs). Our study revealed that Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 treatment promoted the expression of collagen II, aggrecan and Sox‐9, and decreased the expression of ADTAMTS5 and MMP13 in IL‐1β‐stimulated rat EPCs. Moreover, we also found that NSC23766 could suppress the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rac1 inhibition in EPCs are mediated through the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Besides, puncture‐induced rats models showed that NSC23766 played a protective role on CEP and disc degeneration. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Rac1 inhibition delayed the EPCs degeneration and its potential mechanism may be associated with Wnt/β‐catenin pathway regulation, which may help us better understand the association between Rac1 and CEP degeneration and provide a promising strategy for delaying the progression of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ding-Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao-Sen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
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113
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Perrin L, Bayarmagnai B, Gligorijevic B. Frontiers in Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy of Cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1192. [PMID: 32368722 PMCID: PMC7197974 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a highly complex disease which involves the co-operation of tumor cells with multiple types of host cells and the extracellular matrix. Cancer studies which rely solely on static measurements of individual cell types are insufficient to dissect this complexity. In the last two decades, intravital microscopy has established itself as a powerful technique that can significantly improve our understanding of cancer by revealing the dynamic interactions governing cancer initiation, progression and treatment effects, in living animals. This review focuses on intravital multiphoton microscopy (IV-MPM) applications in mouse models of cancer. Recent Findings IV-MPM studies have already enabled a deeper understanding of the complex events occurring in cancer, at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Multiple cells types, present in different tissues, influence cancer cell behavior via activation of distinct signaling pathways. As a result, the boundaries in the field of IV-MPM are continuously being pushed to provide an integrated comprehension of cancer. We propose that optics, informatics and cancer (cell) biology are co-evolving as a new field. We have identified four emerging themes in this new field. First, new microscopy systems and image processing algorithms are enabling the simultaneous identification of multiple interactions between the tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment. Second, techniques from molecular biology are being exploited to visualize subcellular structures and protein activities within individual cells of interest, and relate those to phenotypic decisions, opening the door for "in vivo cell biology". Third, combining IV-MPM with additional imaging modalities, or omics studies, holds promise for linking the cell phenotype to its genotype, metabolic state or tissue location. Finally, the clinical use of IV-MPM for analyzing efficacy of anti-cancer treatments is steadily growing, suggesting a future role of IV-MPM for personalized medicine. Conclusion IV-MPM has revolutionized visualization of tumor-microenvironment interactions in real time. Moving forward, incorporation of novel optics, automated image processing, and omics technologies, in the study of cancer biology, will not only advance our understanding of the underlying complexities but will also leverage the unique aspects of IV-MPM for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisiane Perrin
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | | | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Fox Chase Cancer CenterCancer Biology ProgramPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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Blagih J, Zani F, Chakravarty P, Hennequart M, Pilley S, Hobor S, Hock AK, Walton JB, Morton JP, Gronroos E, Mason S, Yang M, McNeish I, Swanton C, Blyth K, Vousden KH. Cancer-Specific Loss of p53 Leads to a Modulation of Myeloid and T Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2020; 30:481-496.e6. [PMID: 31940491 PMCID: PMC6963783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of p53 function contributes to the development of many cancers. While cell-autonomous consequences of p53 mutation have been studied extensively, the role of p53 in regulating the anti-tumor immune response is still poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of p53 in cancer cells modulates the tumor-immune landscape to circumvent immune destruction. Deletion of p53 promotes the recruitment and instruction of suppressive myeloid CD11b+ cells, in part through increased expression of CXCR3/CCR2-associated chemokines and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and attenuates the CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. p53-null tumors also show an accumulation of suppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. Finally, we show that two key drivers of tumorigenesis, activation of KRAS and deletion of p53, cooperate to promote immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Blagih
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Marc Hennequart
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Andreas K Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Josephine B Walton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Eva Gronroos
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ming Yang
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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115
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Zheng C, Wu X, Zeng R, Lin L, Xu L, Li E, Dong G. Computational Prediction of Hot Spots and Binding Site of Inhibitor NSC23766 on Rac1 Binding With Tiam1. Front Chem 2020; 8:625437. [PMID: 33604328 PMCID: PMC7884829 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.625437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is a small signaling protein, which belongs to the Rho subfamily of Ras superfamily. It is activated by binding GTP and inactivated by exchanging GDP for GTP. The ability of nucleotide exchange depends on guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) family proteins. T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis factor 1 (Tiam1) is a member of GEFs. Rac1 participates in multiple signaling pathways and regulates various cellular events by interacting with GEFs. Particularly, it is involved in the development and progression of various kinds of tumors. In this paper, we have studied the detailed interaction between Rac1 and Tiam1. Seven residues on Rac1 are predicted to be important for the interaction with Tiam1, i.e. E31, Y32, D38, N39, Y64, D65 and W56. All these residues are located on the switch 1 and 2 domains which are the interface between Rac1 and Tiam1, except W56. In addition, we analyzed how inhibitor NSC23766 interacts with Rac1. Our docking results show that NSC23766 binds to the same region as Tiam1. Several residues, i.e. F37, D38, N39, W56, Y64, L67, L70 and S71, contribute much to binding free energy. These findings are very useful for the structure-based design of inhibitors toward Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ruijie Zeng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lirui Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Enmin Li, ; Geng Dong,
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Enmin Li, ; Geng Dong,
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116
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Zhuang Q, Dai F, Zhao X, Shao Y, Guo M, Lv Z, Li C, Zhang W. Cloning and characterization of the virulence factor Hop from Vibrio splendidus. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103900. [PMID: 31790795 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio splendidus is an aquaculture pathogen that can cause skin ulcer syndrome (SUS) in Apostichopus japonicus. HopPmaJ is a type III system effector (T3SE) that has been reported to be an important virulence factor. In this study, a gene named hop, which encodes HopPmaJ in V. splendidus was cloned and its cytotoxicity to coelomocytes and its effects on the expression of immune-related genes in A. japonicus were characterized. METHODS Real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of the hop gene under various conditions. To obtain the purified Hop, hop gene was conditionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and was purified by GST tag. The cytotoxicity of Hop to coelomocyte was determined using MTT method, and the effect of Hop on the expression of immune-related genes was determined using real time RT-PCR. RESULTS The deduced amino acid sequence of Hop from V. splendidus shared 84%-96% homology with those of Hops from other Vibrio spp. The expression of hop gene was induced not only by host-pathogen contact but also by high cell density. Purified recombinant Hop (rHop) showed cytotoxicity to the coelomocyte of A. japonicus. The cell viability decreased to approximately 42%, 26%, 32%, 30% and 20%, when 30, 50, 60, 80 and 100 μL of purified rHop was added, respectively. After being injected with rHop, the expression levels of immune-related genes that encode complement component (C1q) and caspase were significantly increased, and the production of reactive oxygen species were also increased in A. japonicus. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Hop not only contributed to the cytotoxicity to coelomocyte, but also caused immune response in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Fa Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Liu B, Cao W, Ma H. Knockdown of lncRNA LSINCT5 suppresses growth and metastasis of human glioma cells via up-regulating miR-451. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2507-2515. [PMID: 31213092 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1626404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glioma is a main cause of brain-cancer relevant death. The present paper designed to reveal the possible role of LSINCT5 in human glioma GL15 cells. Methods: LSINCT5 and miR-451 expression in glioma tissues was examined using qRT-PCR. The impacts of LSINCT5, miR-451 and Rac1 in GL15 cells were checked by carrying out CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometric analysis. Further, the target gene of LSINCT5 and miR-451 was explored. Accumulation of PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathway proteins was examined using Western blot. Results: LSINCT5 was highly expressed while miR-451 low expressed in glioma tissues when compared to normal controls. Down-regulating LSINCT5 effectively declined GL15 cells viability, migration and invasion, but accelerated apoptosis. Nonetheless, the above-mentioned effects of LSINCT5 down-regulation were weakened when miR-451 was silenced. Rac1 was a target of miR-451. The tumour-suppressive effects of miR-451 on GL15 cells were weakened when Rac1 was overexpressed. Further, LSINCT5-miR-451-Rac1 axis could impact the activation of PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways. Conclusion: Down-regulation of LSINCT5 represses glioma cells growth and metastasis in vitro likely through targeting miR-451 and thereby inhibiting Rac1-regulated PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Wei Cao
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Hui Ma
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
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An N, Liu T, Zhu B, Yang Y, Yan X, Cao M, Chen Y, Liu R, Xia P, Liu C, Du J, Gao F, Yuan H, Liu H, Cai J. A bidirectional effect of Rac1 inhibition-Protects radiation-induced intestinal injury while inhibits tumor. Life Sci 2019; 240:117105. [PMID: 31786196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether Rac1 inhibition can alleviate radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII), meanwhile exist no protection on tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rac1 inhibition was achieved by its specific inhibitor, NSC23766. Mice were pretreated with different intraperitoneal injections, which were normal saline for NS group (N = 9), and 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of NSC23766 for Low-Dose group (N = 9) and High-Dose group (N = 9), respectively. After total body irritation (10Gy), small intestinal tissues were collected for Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL). Intestinal epithelial and tumor cell lines, namely MODE-k and CT-26, were used to further study the role of Rac1 inhibition on radiation damage. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in reactive oxygen species production, cell cycles and mitochondrial membrane potential, the latter was also checked by fluorescence microscope. Changes of protein-expression associated with apoptosis and cell cycles were detected by Western blotting to explain the possible molecular mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Height of intestine villi and depth of crypt were higher (P < 0.01) and apoptosis ratio lower (P < 0.01) in High-Dose group compared with those in NS group. After radiation, Rac1 inhibition pre-treatment improved the vitality (P < 0.01) and reduced the apoptosis (P < 0.01) in MODE-k while yielded opposite results in CT-26, and reduced ROS production of MODE-k (P < 0.01) while had little effect on that of CT-26. Rac1 inhibition differently affected the cell cycles of normal cells and that of tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of Rac1 could alleviate RIII, meanwhile assist the killing effect of radiation on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoliang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Cao
- The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruling Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Penglin Xia
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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119
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Huang CY, Huang CY, Pai YC, Lin BR, Lee TC, Liang PH, Yu LCH. Glucose Metabolites Exert Opposing Roles in Tumor Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1282. [PMID: 31824857 PMCID: PMC6881467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogrammed glucose metabolism and increased glycolysis have been implicated in tumor chemoresistance. The aim was to investigate the distinct roles of the glucose metabolites pyruvate and ATP in chemoresistance mechanisms, including cell death and proliferation. Our data showed higher glucose transporters in colorectal cancer (CRC) from non-responsive patients than those responsive to chemotherapy. Human CRC cell lines exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) displayed elevated cell viability and larger tumors in xenograft mouse models if cultured in high-glucose medium. Glucose conferred resistance to 5-FU-induced necroptosis via pyruvate scavenging of mitochondrial free radicals, whereas ATP replenishment had no effect on cell death. Glucose attenuated the 5-FU-induced G0/G1 shift but not the S phase arrest. Opposing effects were observed by glucose metabolites; ATP increased while pyruvate decreased the G0/G1 shift. Lastly, 5-FU-induced tumor spheroid destruction was prevented by glucose and pyruvate, but not by ATP. Our finding argues against ATP as the main effector for glucose-mediated chemoresistance and supports a key role of glycolytic pyruvate as an antioxidant for dual modes of action: necroptosis reduction and a cell cycle shift to a quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Pai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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120
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Chen M, Reed RR, Lane AP. Chronic Inflammation Directs an Olfactory Stem Cell Functional Switch from Neuroregeneration to Immune Defense. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:501-513.e5. [PMID: 31523027 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although olfactory mucosa possesses long-lived horizontal basal stem cells (HBCs) and remarkable regenerative capacity, the function of human olfactory neuroepithelium is significantly impaired in chronic inflammatory rhinosinusitis. Here, we show that, while inflammation initially damages olfactory neurons and activates HBC-mediated regeneration, continued inflammation locks HBCs in an undifferentiated state. Global gene expression in mouse HBCs reveals broad upregulation of NF-κB-regulated cytokines and chemokines including CCL19, CCL20, and CXCL10, accompanied by enhancement of "stemness"-related transcription factors. Loss-of-function studies identify an NF-κB-dependent role of HBCs in amplifying inflammatory signaling, contributing to macrophage and T cell local proliferation. Chronically activated HBCs signal macrophages to maintain immune defense and prevent Treg development. In diseased human olfactory tissue, activated HBCs in a P63+ undifferentiated state similarly contribute to inflammation through chemokine production. These observations establish a mechanism of chronic rhinosinusitis-associated olfactory loss, caused by a functional switch of neuroepithelial stem cells from regeneration to immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Randall R Reed
- Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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You S, Qian J, Wu G, Qian Y, Wang Z, Chen T, Wang J, Huang W, Liang G. Schizandrin B attenuates angiotensin II induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition in vascular endothelium by suppressing NF-κB activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152955. [PMID: 31146168 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced chronic inflammation and oxidative stress often leads to irreversible vascular injury, in which the endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the endothelial layers are involved. Schisandrin B (Sch B), a natural product isolated from traditional Schisandra chinensis, has been reported to exert vascular protective properties with unclear mechanism. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study investigated the protective effects and mechanism of Sch B against Ang II-induced vascular injury. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneous injected of Ang II for 4 weeks to induce irreversible vascular injury. In vitro, Ang II-induced HUVECs injury was used to study the underlying mechanism. The markers of EndMT, inflammation and oxidative stress were studied both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Pre-administration of Sch B effectively attenuated phenotypes of vascular EndMT and fibrosis in Ang II-treated animals, accompanied with decreased inflammatory cytokine and ROS. The in vitro data from HUVECs suggest that Sch B directly targets NF-κB activation to suppress Ang II-induced EndMT and vascular injury. The activation of EndMT in the presence of Ang II is regulated by the NF-κB, a common player in inflammation and oxidative stress. Ang II-induced inflammation and oxidative stress also contributed to vascular EndMT development and Sch B inhibited inflammation/ROS-mediated EndMT by suppressing NF-κB. CONCLUSION EndMT contributes to vascular injury in Ang II-treated mice, and it can be prevented via suppressing NF-κB activation by Sch B treatment. These results also imply that NF-κB might be a promising target to attenuate vascular remodeling induced by inflammation and oxidative stress through an EndMT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengban You
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengxian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Taiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zeng R, Zheng C, Gu J, Zhang H, Xie L, Xu L, Li E. RAC1 inhibition reverses cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and induces downregulation of glycolytic enzymes. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2010-2030. [PMID: 31314174 PMCID: PMC6717762 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of chemoresistance remains a major challenge in treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients despite treatment advances. However, the role of RAC1 in chemoresistance of ESCC and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that higher levels of RAC1 expression were associated with poorer prognosis in ESCC patients. Enhanced RAC1 expression increased cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance in vitro. Combination therapy using RAC1 inhibitor EHop-016 and cisplatin significantly promoted cell viability inhibition, G2/M phase cycle arrest, and apoptosis when compared to each monotherapy. Mechanistically, glycolysis was significantly downregulated in the RAC1 inhibitor monotherapy group and the combination group via inhibiting AKT/FOXO3a signaling when compared to the control group. Moreover, the silencing of RAC1 inhibited AKT/FOXO3a signaling and cell glycolysis while the upregulation of RAC1 produced an opposite effect. In murine xenograft models, the tumor volume and the expression of glycolytic enzymes were significantly reduced in combination therapy when compared to each monotherapy group. Overall, our study demonstrates that targeting RAC1 with an inhibitor overcomes cisplatin resistance in ESCC by suppressing glycolytic enzymes, which provides a promising strategy for treatment of ESCC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Chun‐Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Jing‐E Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Hai‐Xia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Li‐Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- Institute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - En‐Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeChina
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123
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Iyer DN, Sin WY, Ng L. Linking stemness with colorectal cancer initiation, progression, and therapy. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:519-534. [PMID: 31523371 PMCID: PMC6716088 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cancer stem cells caused a paradigm shift in the concepts of origin and development of colorectal cancer. Several unresolved questions remain in this field though. Are colorectal cancer stem cells the cause or an effect of the disease? How do cancer stem cells assist in colorectal tumor dissemination to distant organs? What are the molecular or environmental factors affecting the roles of these cells in colorectal cancer? Through this review, we investigate the key findings until now and attempt to elucidate the origins, physical properties, microenvironmental niches, as well as the molecular signaling network that support the existence, self-renewal, plasticity, quiescence, and the overall maintenance of cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer. Increasing data show that the cancer stem cells play a crucial role not only in the establishment of the primary colorectal tumor but also in the distant spread of the disease. Hence, we will also look at the mechanisms adopted by cancer stem cells to influence the development of metastasis and evade therapeutic targeting and its role in the overall disease prognosis. Finally, we will illustrate the importance of understanding the biology of these cells to develop improved clinical strategies to tackle colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Narayanan Iyer
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Yan Sin
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kim SJ, Garcia-Recio S, Creighton CJ, Perou CM, Rosen JM. Alterations in Wnt- and/or STAT3 signaling pathways and the immune microenvironment during metastatic progression. Oncogene 2019; 38:5942-5958. [PMID: 31289359 PMCID: PMC6675631 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an extremely complex disease with limited treatment options due to the lack of information about the major characteristics of metastatic disease. There is an urgent need, therefore, to understand the changes in cellular complexity and dynamics that occur during metastatic progression. In the current study, we analyzed the cellular and molecular differences between primary tumors and paired lung metastases using a syngeneic p53-null mammary tumor model of basal-like breast cancer. Distinct subpopulations driven by the Wnt- and/or STAT3 signaling pathways were detected in vivo using a lentiviral Wnt- and STAT3 signaling reporter system. A significant increase in the overlapping populations driven by both the Wnt- and STAT3 signaling pathways was observed in the lung metastases as compared to the primary tumors. Furthermore, the overlapping populations showed a higher metastatic potential relative to the other populations and pharmacological inhibition of both signaling pathways was shown to markedly reduce the metastatic lesions in established lung metastases. An analysis of the unique molecular features of the lung metastases revealed a significant association with immune response signatures. Specifically, Foxp3 gene expression was markedly increased and elevated levels of Foxp3 + Treg cells were detected in close proximity to lung metastases. Collectively, these studies illustrate the importance of analyzing intratumoral heterogeneity, changes in population dynamics, and the immune microenvironment during metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Garcia-Recio
- Department Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C M Perou
- Department Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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125
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Wu F, Xing T, Gao X, Liu F. miR‑501‑3p promotes colorectal cancer progression via activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:671-683. [PMID: 31364752 PMCID: PMC6685591 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is observed in >90% of colorectal cancer cases. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of key genes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. As a result, abnormal expression of miRNAs regulates the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in several types of cancer. In the current study, it was demonstrated that miR-501-3p was overexpressed in colorectal tumor tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Downregulation of miR-501-3p inhibited cell proliferation and sphere formation, while it induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in colorectal cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis results predicted that adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was a potential target gene of miR-501-3p. Inhibition of miR-501-3p increased APC expression in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, β-catenin was destabilized following miR-501-3p inhibition; immunofluorescence analysis revealed that β-catenin translocated from nucleus to cytoplasm. In addition, cyclin D1 and c-Myc, two well-characterized target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, were downregulated following miR-501-3p inhibition. Transfection of APC small interfering RNA re-activated β-catenin and stimulated the expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Furthermore, silencing of APC reversed the miR-501-3p inhibitor-induced cell cycle disruption, and the inhibition of cell proliferation and sphere formation in colorectal cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study identified miR-501-3p as a novel regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer cells via targeting APC, suggesting that miR-501-3p may act as a novel oncogenic miRNA in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Tongchao Xing
- General Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Gao
- Second Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Fengrui Liu
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
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126
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhou W, Chen T, Wu Q, Chutturghoon VK, Lin B, Geng L, Yang Z, Zhou L, Zheng S. YAP promotes multi-drug resistance and inhibits autophagy-related cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma via the RAC1-ROS-mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:179. [PMID: 31337986 PMCID: PMC6626386 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistance is the major cause of chemotherapy failure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). YAP, a critical effector of the Hippo pathway, has been shown to contribute to the progression, metastasis and invasion of cancers. However, the potential role of YAP in mediating drug resistance remains obscure. Methods RT-qPCR and western blot were used to assess YAP expression in HCC cell lines. CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, a xenograft tumour model, immunochemistry and GFP-mRFP-LC3 fusion proteins were utilized to evaluate the effect of YAP on multi-drug resistance, intracellular ROS production and the autophagy of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Autophagy inhibitor and rescue experiments were carried out to elucidate the mechanism by which YAP promotes chemoresistance in HCC cells. Results We found that BEL/FU, a typical HCC cell line with chemoresistance, exhibited overexpression of YAP. Moreover, the inhibition of YAP by shRNA or verteporfin conferred the sensitivity of BEL/FU cells to chemotherapeutic agents through autophagy-related cell death in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, YAP silencing significantly enhanced autophagic flux by increasing RAC1-driven ROS, which contributed to the inactivation of mTOR in HCC cells. In addition, the antagonist of autophagy reversed the enhanced effect of YAP silencing on cell death under treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion Our findings suggested that YAP upregulation endowed HCC cells with multi-drug resistance via the RAC1-ROS-mTOR pathway, resulting in the repression of autophagy-related cell death. The blockade of YAP may serve as a promising novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0898-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuhua Zhou
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,6Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchuan Wu
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Vikram Kumar Chutturghoon
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingyi Lin
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Geng
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kaur H, Moreau R. Role of mTORC1 in intestinal epithelial repair and tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2525-2546. [PMID: 30944973 PMCID: PMC11105546 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
mTORC1 signaling is the prototypical pathway regulating protein synthesis and cell proliferation. mTORC1 is active in stem cells located at the base of intestinal crypts but silenced as transit-amplifying cells differentiate into enterocytes or secretory cells along the epithelium. After an insult or injury, self-limiting and controlled activation of mTORC1 is critical for the renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium. mTORC1 promotes epithelial cell renewal by driving cryptic stem cell division, and epithelial cell repair by supporting the dedifferentiation and proliferation of enterocytes or secretory cells. Under repeated insult or injury, mTORC1 becomes constitutively active, triggering an irreversible return to stemness, cell division, proliferation, and inflammation among dedifferentiated epithelial cells. Epithelium-derived cytokines promulgate inflammation within the lamina propria, which in turn releases inflammatory factors that act back on the epithelium where undamaged intestinal epithelial cells participate in the pervading state of inflammation and become susceptible to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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128
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Myosin IIA suppresses glioblastoma development in a mechanically sensitive manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15550-15559. [PMID: 31235578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902847116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of glioblastoma to disperse through the brain contributes to its lethality, and blocking this behavior has been an appealing therapeutic approach. Although a number of proinvasive signaling pathways are active in glioblastoma, many are redundant, so targeting one can be overcome by activating another. However, these pathways converge on nonredundant components of the cytoskeleton, and we have shown that inhibiting one of these-the myosin II family of cytoskeletal motors-blocks glioblastoma invasion even with simultaneous activation of multiple upstream promigratory pathways. Myosin IIA and IIB are the most prevalent isoforms of myosin II in glioblastoma, and we now show that codeleting these myosins markedly impairs tumorigenesis and significantly prolongs survival in a rodent model of this disease. However, while targeting just myosin IIA also impairs tumor invasion, it surprisingly increases tumor proliferation in a manner that depends on environmental mechanics. On soft surfaces myosin IIA deletion enhances ERK1/2 activity, while on stiff surfaces it enhances the activity of NFκB, not only in glioblastoma but in triple-negative breast carcinoma and normal keratinocytes as well. We conclude myosin IIA suppresses tumorigenesis in at least two ways that are modulated by the mechanics of the tumor and its stroma. Our results also suggest that inhibiting tumor invasion can enhance tumor proliferation and that effective therapy requires targeting cellular components that drive both proliferation and invasion simultaneously.
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129
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Wang C, Shao L, Pan C, Ye J, Ding Z, Wu J, Du Q, Ren Y, Zhu C. Elevated level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species via fatty acid β-oxidation in cancer stem cells promotes cancer metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 31196164 PMCID: PMC6567550 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor development and progression and are involved in cancer metastasis. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CSCs and cancer metastasis remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between ROS level of CSCs and cancer metastasis and to explore the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Four different cell lines were used to isolate tumor spheres and to analyze intrinsic properties of tumor sphere cells including proliferation, self-renewal potential, differentiation, drug-resistance and cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. ROS assays were used to detect the intracellular ROS level of tumor spheres cells. Gene expression analysis and western blot were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of ROS in regulating cancer metastasis. Results Tumor spheres possessed the characteristic features of CSCs, and ROS-high tumor spheres (RH-TS) displayed elevated mitochondrial ROS level exclusively drove metastasis formation. The gene expression analysis showed elevated fatty acid β-oxidation, downregulation of epithelial marker upregulation of mesenchymal markers, and the activation of MAP kinase cascades. Furthermore, 14 up-regulated genes in RH-TS cells were associated with reduced overall survival of different cancer patients. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that CSCs characterized by elevated mitochondrial ROS level potentiate cancer metastasis. Mechanistically, elevated mitochondrial ROS via fatty acid β-oxidation, activates the MAPK cascades, resulting in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of RH-TS cells, thereby potentiating caner invasion and metastasis. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial ROS might provide a promising approach to prevent and alleviate cancer metastasis induced by RH-TS cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1265-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, ZhejiangUniversity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Liming Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, ZhejiangUniversity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chi Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, ZhejiangUniversity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zonghui Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, ZhejiangUniversity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, ZhejiangUniversity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuezhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Chunpeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, ZhejiangUniversity School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Mo Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Xiong F, Guo C. The role of Wnt signaling pathway in tumor metabolic reprogramming. J Cancer 2019; 10:3789-3797. [PMID: 31333796 PMCID: PMC6636296 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors is a complex process involving long-term multi-factor participation. In this process, tumor cells from a set of abnormal metabolic patterns that are different from normal cells. This abnormal metabolic change is called metabolic reprogramming of tumors. Wnt signaling pathway is one of the critical signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, it has been found that Wnt signaling participates in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors by affecting metabolic reprogramming. This paper reviews the role of Wnt signaling in tumor metabolic reprogramming to provide crucial theoretical guidance for targeted therapy and drug response of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Liting Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Li M, Chen T, Wang R, Luo JY, He JJ, Ye RS, Xie MY, Xi QY, Jiang QY, Sun JJ, Zhang YL. Plant MIR156 regulates intestinal growth in mammals by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C434-C448. [PMID: 31166713 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00030.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important negative regulators of genes involved in physiological and pathological processes in plants and animals. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs might regulate gene expression among different species in a cross-kingdom manner. However, the specific roles of plant miRNAs in animals remain poorly understood and somewhat. Herein, we found that plant MIR156 regulates proliferation of intestinal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Continuous administration of a high plant miRNA diet or synthetic MIR156 elevated MIR156 levels and inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mouse intestine. Bioinformatics predictions and luciferase reporter assays indicated that MIR156 targets Wnt10b. In vitro, MIR156 suppressed proliferation by downregulating the Wnt10b protein and upregulating β-catenin phosphorylation in the porcine jejunum epithelial (IPEC-J2) cell line. Lithium chloride and an MIR156 inhibitor relieved this inhibition. This research is the first to demonstrate that plant MIR156 inhibits intestinal cell proliferation by targeting Wnt10b. More importantly, plant miRNAs may represent a new class of bioactive molecules that act as epigenetic regulators in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Song Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Yun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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132
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La Vecchia S, Sebastián C. Metabolic pathways regulating colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:63-70. [PMID: 31129171 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Despite recent advances in the molecular genetics of CRC, poor treatment outcomes highlight the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms accounting for tumor initiation and progression. Recently, deregulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a key hallmark of cancer. Reprogramming of core cellular metabolic pathways by cancer cells provides energy, anaplerotic precursors and reducing equivalents required to support tumor growth. Here, we review key findings implicating cancer metabolism as a major contributor of tumor initiation, growth and metastatic dissemination in CRC. We summarize the metabolic pathways governing stem cell fate in the intestine, the metabolic adaptations of proliferating colon cancer cells and their crosstalk with oncogenic signaling, and how they fulfill the energetic demands imposed by the metastatic cascade. Lastly, we discuss how some of these metabolic pathways could represent new vulnerabilities of CRC cells with the potential to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia La Vecchia
- Laboratory of Metabolic Dynamics in Cancer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy
| | - Carlos Sebastián
- Laboratory of Metabolic Dynamics in Cancer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
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133
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Marchiori C, Scarpa M, Kotsafti A, Morgan S, Fassan M, Guzzardo V, Porzionato A, Angriman I, Ruffolo C, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Bardini R, De Caro R, Castoro C, Scarpa M, Castagliuolo I. Epithelial CD80 promotes immune surveillance of colonic preneoplastic lesions and its expression is increased by oxidative stress through STAT3 in colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:190. [PMID: 31072360 PMCID: PMC6509793 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most potent costimulatory molecules involved in the recognition and killing of tumor cells is CD80. However, its role and the molecular mechanisms regulating its expression in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence for CD80 overexpression in human colon epithelial cells derived from preneoplastic mucosa. METHODS Expression of CD80 on colonic epithelial cells isolated from normal human colonic mucosa, preneoplastic and neoplastic specimens was assessed by flow cytometry. WT and CD80KO mice received azoxymethane to induce colon preneoplastic lesions and sacrificed to perform histology, flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry of colonic mucosa. Some WT mice were treated with a monoclonal anti-CD80 antibody following AOM administration. Primary colon epithelial cells and CT26 cell line were used to quantify the expression of CD80 in response to pro-oxidant stimuli. Specific pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA silencing were used to inhibit MAPK pathways and STAT3. RESULTS CD80 expression was significantly increased in colon epithelial cells of human preneoplastic lesions. In the AOM model, CD80 impairment by administration of neutralizing antibodies or use of CD80 knockout mice enhanced dysplasia development. In vitro, CD80 upregulation was induced by oxidative stress in colon cancer cells and primary colon epithelial cells. In addition, reactive oxygen species could induce CD80 expression via the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, that activated STAT3 transcription factor in colon cancer epithelial cells. CONCLUSION This study provide evidence for a major role of CD80 in orchestrating immune surveillance of colon preneoplastic lesions and might help to develop novel approaches that exploit anti-tumor immunity to prevent and control colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marchiori
- Department of Molecular Medicine DMM, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andromachi Kotsafti
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Susan Morgan
- Pathology Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit from the Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Surgical Pathology Unit from the Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Imerio Angriman
- General Surgery Unit from the Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cesare Ruffolo
- General Surgery Unit (IV), Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences DSF, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences DSF, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Romeo Bardini
- General Surgery Unit from the Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DISCOG, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Castoro
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
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134
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Ghosh N, Hossain U, Mandal A, Sil PC. The Wnt signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target against cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1443:54-74. [PMID: 31017675 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway is well documented in several cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and maintenance of the stem cell niche. The very first indication that aberrant Wnt signaling can cause carcinogenesis came from a finding that the mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) predisposes a person to colorectal carcinoma. Later, with progressing research it became clear that abnormal activation or mutation of the genes related to this pathway could drive tumorigenesis. Here, we review recent advances in research regarding Wnt signaling regulation and its role in several cancer subtypes. Additionally, the utility of Wnt pathway-targeted cancer therapy intervention is also highlighted, with an overview of current approaches to target the Wnt pathway in oncogenesis and the future scopes and challenges associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyel Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Uday Hossain
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ankita Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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135
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Liu W, Xu X, Fan Z, Sun G, Han Y, Zhang D, Xu L, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang S, Tang M, Li J, Chai R, Wang H. Wnt Signaling Activates TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator and Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Spiral Ganglion Neuron Damage in the Mouse Cochlea. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1389-1410. [PMID: 29587485 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin can damage spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and cause sensorineural hearing loss. Wnt activation protects against neomycin-induced hair cell damage in the mouse cochlea, but the role of Wnt signaling in protecting SGNs from cisplatin treatment has not yet been elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Wnt signaling against cisplatin-induced SGN damage. RESULTS First, we found that Wnt signaling was activated in SGNs after cisplatin treatment. Next, we discovered that overexpression (OE) of Wnt signaling in SGNs reduced cisplatin-induced SGN loss by inhibiting caspase-associated apoptosis, thus preventing the loss of SGN function after cisplatin treatment. In contrast, inhibition of Wnt signaling increased apoptosis, made SGNs more vulnerable to cisplatin treatment, and exacerbated hearing loss. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), which scavenges intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), was upregulated in SGNs in response to cisplatin administration. Wnt/β-catenin activation increased TIGAR expression and reduced ROS level, while inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin in SGNs reduced TIGAR expression and increased the ROS level. Moreover, OE of TIGAR reduced ROS and decreased caspase 3 expression, as well as increased the survival of SGNs in Wnt-inhibited SGNs. Finally, antioxidant treatment rescued the more severe SGN loss induced by β-catenin deficiency after cisplatin treatment. Innovation and Conclusion: This study is the first to indicate that Wnt signaling activates TIGAR and protects SGNs against cisplatin-induced damage through the inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis in SGNs, and this might offer novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of SGN injury. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Gaoying Sun
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Yuechen Han
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Daogong Zhang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- 3 Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China .,4 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University , Nantong, China .,5 Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing, China .,6 Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology , Jinan, China
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Gil-Martín E, Egea J, Reiter RJ, Romero A. The emergence of melatonin in oncology: Focus on colorectal cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2239-2285. [PMID: 30950095 DOI: 10.1002/med.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the last few decades, melatonin has increasingly emerged in clinical oncology as a naturally occurring bioactive molecule with substantial anticancer properties and a pharmacological profile optimal for joining the currently available pharmacopeia. In addition, extensive experimental data shows that this chronobiotic agent exerts oncostatic effects throughout all stages of tumor growth, from initial cell transformation to mitigation of malignant progression and metastasis; additionally, melatonin alleviates the side effects and improves the welfare of radio/chemotherapy-treated patients. Thus, the support of clinicians and oncologists for the use of melatonin in both the treatment and proactive prevention of cancer is gaining strength. Because of its epidemiological importance and symptomatic debut in advanced stages of difficult clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a preferential target for testing new therapies. In this regard, the development of effective forms of clinical intervention for the improvement of CRC outcome, specifically metastatic CRC, is urgent. At the same time, the need to reduce the costs of conventional anti-CRC therapy results is also imperative. In light of this status quo, the therapeutic potential of melatonin, and the direct and indirect critical processes of CRC malignancy it modulates, have aroused much interest. To illuminate the imminent future on CRC research, we focused our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the multiple oncostatic actions displayed by melatonin in the onset and evolution of CRC and summarized epidemiological evidence, as well as in vitro, in vivo and clinical findings that support the broadly protective potential demonstrated by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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137
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Intrinsic activation of cell growth and differentiation in ex vivo cultured human hair follicles by a transient endogenous production of ROS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4509. [PMID: 30872609 PMCID: PMC6418192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging variety of signalling roles for ROS in eukaryotic cells and tissues is currently a matter of intense research. Here we make use of ex vivo cultured single human hair follicles as an experimental model to demonstrate that a transient production of non-lethal endogenous ROS levels in these mini-organs promotes efficiently the entry into the growth phase (anagen). The stimulatory process implicates the specific activation of the hair follicle stem cell niche, encompassing the induction of stem cell differentiation markers (Ck15), overall cell proliferation and sustained growth of the tissue associated with expression of gen targets (Ccnd1) concomitant with the inhibition of Wnt signaling antagonists and repressors (Dkk1, Gsk3β) of Wnt signaling. As a whole, this observation indicates that, once activated, ROS signalling is an intrinsic mechanism regulating the hair follicle stem cell niche independently of any external signal.
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138
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Abstract
Cancer has long been viewed as a disease of altered metabolism. Although it has long been recognized that the majority of cancer cells display increased dependence on glycolysis, the metabolism of "cancer stem-like cells" (CSCs) that drive tumor growth and metastasis is less well characterized. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge of CSC metabolism with an emphasis on the development of therapeutic strategies to exploit the metabolic vulnerabilities of these cells. We outline emerging evidence indicating distinct metabolic pathways active in the proliferative, epithelial- (E) and quiescent, mesenchymal-like (M) CSC states in triple negative breast cancer. These CSC states are characterized by their different redox potentials and divergent sensitivities to inhibitors of glycolysis and redox metabolism. We highlight the roles of two redox-regulated signaling pathways, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, in regulating CSC epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity during metabolic and/or oxidative stress, and discuss clinical strategies using combinations of pro-oxidant-based therapeutics simultaneously targeting E- and M-like CSCs. By specifically targeting CSCs of both states, these strategies have the potential to increase the therapeutic efficacy of traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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139
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Michels BE, Mosa MH, Grebbin BM, Yepes D, Darvishi T, Hausmann J, Urlaub H, Zeuzem S, Kvasnicka HM, Oellerich T, Farin HF. Human colon organoids reveal distinct physiologic and oncogenic Wnt responses. J Exp Med 2019; 216:704-720. [PMID: 30792186 PMCID: PMC6400532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive Wnt activation upon loss of Adenoma polyposis coli (APC) acts as main driver of colorectal cancer (CRC). Targeting Wnt signaling has proven difficult because the pathway is crucial for homeostasis and stem cell renewal. To distinguish oncogenic from physiological Wnt activity, we have performed transcriptome and proteome profiling in isogenic human colon organoids. Culture in the presence or absence of exogenous ligand allowed us to discriminate receptor-mediated signaling from the effects of CRISPR/Cas9-induced APC loss. We could catalog two nonoverlapping molecular signatures that were stable at distinct levels of stimulation. Newly identified markers for normal stem/progenitor cells and adenomas were validated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We found that oncogenic Wnt signals are associated with good prognosis in tumors of the consensus molecular subtype 2 (CMS2). In contrast, receptor-mediated signaling was linked to CMS4 tumors and poor prognosis. Together, our data represent a valuable resource for biomarkers that allow more precise stratification of Wnt responses in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta E Michels
- German Cancer Consortium, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mohammed H Mosa
- German Cancer Consortium, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Britta M Grebbin
- German Cancer Consortium, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diego Yepes
- German Cancer Consortium, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tahmineh Darvishi
- German Cancer Consortium, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hausmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans M Kvasnicka
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- German Cancer Consortium, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henner F Farin
- German Cancer Consortium, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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140
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Chatterjee S, Sil PC. Targeting the crosstalks of Wnt pathway with Hedgehog and Notch for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:251-261. [PMID: 30826456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway determining patterning of animal embryos, cell fate, cell polarity, and a substantial role in the origin and maintenance of stem cells. It has been found to crosstalk with two other major developmental pathways, Hedgehog and Notch, in many embryological development cascades and in maintaining stemness of stem cells Research has shown that all the three pathways are potent in inducing tumorigenesis, driving tumor progression and aiding epithelial to mesenchymal transition in malignant cells, apart from maintaining cancer stem cells population inside the tumor tissue. Cancer stem cells are thought to aid in the process of tumor relapse, as they survive therapy by displaying drug resistance and then repopulating tumor tissues. Hence the role of these crosstalks in cancer is under intensive research. Inhibition of all the three pathways individually have resulted in tumor regression, but not optimally, as treatment failure and cancer relapse have been found to occur. Hence, instead of targeting a single pathway, targeting the crosstalk network could be a better alternative to conventional cancer treatment. Also, elimination of both tumor cells as well as cancer stem cells implies a reduced chance of relapse. Drugs developed to target these crosstalking networks, when used in combinatorial therapy, can potentially increase the efficacy of the therapy to a very large extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Chatterjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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141
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Cai Q, Zheng P, Ma F, Zhang H, Li Z, Fu Q, Han C, Sun Y. MicroRNA-224 enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs via Rac1. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:62-71. [PMID: 30773655 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis is the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that target specific genes to mediate translational activities. In this study, we investigated how miR-224 regulates the osteoblastic differentiation of human MSCs (hMSCs) as well as the underlying mechanism. The results revealed the upregulation of miR-224 during hMSC differentiation. In vitro experiments showed that the downregulation of miR-224 suppressed the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts. However, upregulation of miR-224 was concomitant with increased expression of relevant genes and augmented activity of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the results indicated that Rac1 acted as the bona fide target of miR-224 and that Rac1 depletion promoted osteogenic differentiation in miR-224-silenced hMSCs. In addition, we found that both JAK/STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were repressed by Rac1 depletion using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Our data indicate a novel molecular mechanism in relation to hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts, which may facilitate bone anabolism via miR-224. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: In this study, we mainly explored the effects of miR-224 on hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. We find that induced miR-224 expression in hMSCs is considered closely associated with specific osteogenesis-related genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization, indicating that miR-224 may serve as a promising biomarker for osteogenic differentiation. Our data indicate a novel molecular mechanism in relation to hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts, which may facilitate bone anabolism via miR-224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomotology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China.,Jinlin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomotology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomotology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zuntai Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomotology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiyue Fu
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomotology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Han
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomotology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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142
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Echizen K, Horiuchi K, Aoki Y, Yamada Y, Minamoto T, Oshima H, Oshima M. NF-κB-induced NOX1 activation promotes gastric tumorigenesis through the expansion of SOX2-positive epithelial cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:4250-4263. [PMID: 30700829 PMCID: PMC6756228 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1), a component of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), is a TNF-α-induced tumor-promoting factor in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of NOX1-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for the gastric tumorigenesis has not been understood. Here, we showed that expression of NOX1 complex components, including Noxo1, but not other NOX family members was significantly upregulated in both mouse models for gastritis and gastric tumors, which was associated with increased ROS levels. We also found that NF-κB directly regulated NOXO1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated gastric cancer cells, suggesting that inflammation induces NOX1 complex activation through TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. Notably, in situ hybridization indicated that Noxo1 mRNA was detected in proliferating cells of gastritis and gastric tumors, and pharmacological inhibition of NOX activity significantly suppressed the proliferation of MKN45 gastric cancer cells and gastric hyperplasia of K19-C2mE mice. These results suggest that NOX1/ROS signaling has an important role in increased proliferation of stomach epithelial cells in the inflamed mucosa. Moreover, we found that expression of SOX2, a marker of gastric epithelial stem cells, was increased by NOX1/ROS signaling. Furthermore, disruption of Noxo1 in K19-C2mE mice significantly suppressed gastritis-associated metaplastic hyperplasia, a potent preneoplastic lesion, which was associated with decreased number of SOX2-positive cells. These results indicate that inflammation-induced Noxo1 expression is responsible for development of metaplastic hyperplasia in the stomach through an increase in SOX2-expressing undifferentiated epithelial cells. Therefore, inhibition of the NOX1/ROS signaling pathway is a possible strategy for prevention and therapy for gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Echizen
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Keigo Horiuchi
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yayoi Aoki
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamada
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, 920-1192, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,AMED-CREST, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan. .,WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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143
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Wang C, Wang Z, Liu W, Ai Z. ROS-generating oxidase NOX1 promotes the self-renewal activity of CD133+ thyroid cancer cells through activation of the Akt signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:154-163. [PMID: 30690057 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer results from unregulated expansion of a self-renewing tumor-initiating cell population. The regulatory pathways essential for sustaining the self-renewal of tumor-initiating cells remain largely unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in tumor initiation and progression. In the present study, we found that the level of ROS was higher in CD133 + thyroid cancer cells than in CD133- thyroid cancer cells. The transcriptional level of ROS-generating oxidase NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is high in CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Activation of STAT3 through phosphorylation is responsible for high activation of NOX1 transcription in CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Knock down of NOX1 obviously reduced the level of ROS and inhibited the self-renewal activity and tumorigenicity of CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Furthermore, knock down of NOX1 reduced the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Overexpression of active form of Akt rescued the negative effect of NOX1 knockdown on the self-renewal capability of CD133 + thyroid cancer cells. Together, NOX1 promotes the self-renewal property of CD133 + thyroid cancer cells at least partly through activation of the Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenglin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhilong Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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144
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Zhang Z, Fan B, Liu F, Song N, Peng Y, Ma W, Ma R, Dong T, Liu S. HOX transcript antisense RNA is elevated in gastric carcinogenesis and regulated by the NF-κB pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10548-10555. [PMID: 30635945 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The expression pattern of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in the progression of gastric cancer and the regulation of its expression are still unclear. In the current study, HOTAIR expressions in gastric tissues collected from patients with superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, atypical hyperplasia, and gastric cancer as well as normal controls was quantitatively examined. The results showed that the expression of HOTAIR was higher in gastric cancer than in normal tissues, but reached the highest level in atrophic gastritis, suggesting that HOTAIR may be involved in the molecular process of nonresolving inflammation. Then tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2), a known gene associated with nonresolving inflammation, was overexpressed and the results showed that the promotion in TIPE2 expression triggered HOTAIR reduction, this result was further verified by microarray analysis and TIPE2 knockout mice. Subsequently, the data obtained from HOTAIR knockdown experiment showed that it significantly enhanced colony forming capability and inhibited p27 expression in AGS cells. Furthermore, deletion constructs and luciferase-based activity assays indicated that the -475 to -443bp region of HOTAIR promoter contained a crucial regulatory element. Transcription factor prediction with software TRANSFAC revealed that nuclear factor-κB signaling protein p65 had a binding site in this region and might have roles in HOTAIR expression. The binding of phosphor-p65 to HOTAIR promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and succeeding experiment results demonstrated that p65 reduction by p65 small interfering RNA and TIPE2 overexpression also decreased HOTAIR expression. Conclusively, our results suggest that HOTAIR was associated with nonresolving inflammation, and its expression is regulated by p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenzheng Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongtao Ma
- Department of Burn, Linqu County People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyi Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shili Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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145
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The Emerging Role of Estrogens in Thyroid Redox Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2514312. [PMID: 30728883 PMCID: PMC6343143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2514312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the most critical class of free radicals or reactive metabolites produced by all living organisms. ROS regulate several cellular functions through redox-dependent mechanisms, including proliferation, differentiation, hormone synthesis, and stress defense response. However, ROS overproduction or lack of appropriate detoxification is harmful to cells and can be linked to the development of several diseases, such as cancer. Oxidative damage in cellular components, especially in DNA, can promote the malignant transformation that has already been described in thyroid tissue. In thyrocyte physiology, NADPH oxidase enzymes produce large amounts of ROS that are necessary for hormone biosynthesis and might contribute to the high spontaneous mutation rate found in this tissue. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence is significantly higher in women than in men. Several lines of evidence suggest the sex hormone estrogen as a risk factor for thyroid cancer development. Estrogen in turn, besides being a potent growth factor for both normal and tumor thyroid cells, regulates different mechanisms of ROS generation. Our group demonstrated that the thyroid gland of adult female rats exhibits higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and lower enzymatic antioxidant defense in comparison with male glands. In this review, we discuss the possible involvement of thyroid redox homeostasis and estrogen in the development of thyroid carcinogenesis.
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146
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Two Sides of the Same Coin - Compensatory Proliferation in Regeneration and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1167:65-85. [PMID: 31520349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis has long been regarded as a tumor suppressor mechanism and evasion from apoptosis is considered to be one hallmark of cancer. However, this principle is not always consistent with clinical data which often illustrate a correlation between apoptosis and poor prognosis. Work in the last 15 years has provided an explanation for this apparent paradox. Apoptotic cells communicate with their environment and can produce signals which promote compensatory proliferation of surviving cells. This behavior of apoptotic cells is important for tissue regeneration in several model organisms, ranging from hydra to mammals. However, it may also play an important feature for tumorigenesis and tumor relapse. Several distinct forms of apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AiP) have been identified, many of which involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) and immune cells. One type of AiP, "undead" AiP, in which apoptotic cells are kept in an immortalized state and continuously divide, may have particular relevance for tumorigenesis. Furthermore, given that chemo- and radiotherapy often aim to kill tumor cells, an improved understanding of the effects of apoptotic cells on the tumor and the tumor environment is of critical importance for the well-being of the patient. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of AiP and focus our attention on recent findings obtained in Drosophila and other model organisms, and relate them to tumorigenesis.
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147
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Zhu Q, Zhu Y, Tighe S, Liu Y, Hu M. Engineering of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:507-512. [PMID: 31171901 PMCID: PMC6535652 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.30759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells are responsible for controlling corneal transparency, however they are notorious for their limited proliferative capability. Thus, damage to these cells may cause irreversible blindness. Currently, the only way to cure blindness caused by corneal endothelial dysfunction is via corneal transplantation of a cadaver donor cornea with healthy corneal endothelium. Due to severe shortage of donor corneas worldwide, it has become paramount to develop human corneal endothelial grafts in vitro that can subsequently be transplanted in humans. Recently, we have reported effective expansion of human corneal endothelial cells by reprogramming the cells into progenitor status through use of p120-Kaiso siRNA knockdown. This new reprogramming approach circumvents the need of using induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells. Successful promotion of this technology will encourage scientists to re-think how "contact inhibition" can safely be perturbed to our benefit, i.e., effective engineering of an in vivo-like tissue while successful maintaining the normal phenotype. In this review, we present current advances in reprogramming corneal endothelial cells in vitro, detail the methods to successful engineer human corneal endothelial grafts, and discuss their future clinical applications to cure corneal blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University); Yunnan Eye Institute; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of ophthalmology (2017DG008); Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease (2017HC010); Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173 USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173 USA
| | - Yongsong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University); Yunnan Eye Institute; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of ophthalmology (2017DG008); Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease (2017HC010); Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming, 650021 China
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148
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Hassanian SM, Mehramiz M, Rezayi M, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Avan A. Reactive oxygen species in colorectal cancer: The therapeutic impact and its potential roles in tumor progression via perturbation of cellular and physiological dysregulated pathways. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10072-10079. [PMID: 30515827 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by mitochondria during metabolism. In physiological states, the production of ROS and their elimination by antioxidants are kept in balance. However, in pathological states, elevated levels of ROS interact with susceptible cellular target compounds including lipids, proteins, and DNA and deregulate oncogenic signaling pathways that are involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. Although antioxidant compounds have been successfully used in the treatment of CRC as prevention approaches, they have also been shown in some cases to promote disease progression. In this review, we focus on the role of ROS in gastrointestinal homeostasis, CRC progression, diagnosis, and therapy with particular emphasis on ROS-stimulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Neurogenic inflammation research center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehraneh Mehramiz
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Neurogenic inflammation research center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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149
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Samadani AA, Norollahi SE, Rashidy-Pour A, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Nemati S, Joukar F, Afshar AM, Ghazanfari S, Safizadeh M, Rostami P, Gatei M. Cancer signaling pathways with a therapeutic approach: An overview in epigenetic regulations of cancer stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:590-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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150
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Chong SJF, Lai JXH, Eu JQ, Bellot GL, Pervaiz S. Reactive Oxygen Species and Oncoprotein Signaling-A Dangerous Liaison. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1553-1588. [PMID: 29186971 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is evidence to implicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumorigenesis and its progression. This has been associated with the interplay between ROS and oncoproteins, resulting in enhanced cellular proliferation and survival. Recent Advances: To date, studies have investigated specific contributions of the crosstalk between ROS and signaling networks in cancer initiation and progression. These investigations have challenged the established dogma of ROS as agents of cell death by demonstrating a secondary function that fuels cell proliferation and survival. Studies have thus identified (onco)proteins (Bcl-2, STAT3/5, RAS, Rac1, and Myc) in manipulating ROS level as well as exploiting an altered redox environment to create a milieu conducive for cancer formation and progression. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite these advances, drug resistance and its association with an altered redox metabolism continue to pose a challenge at the mechanistic and clinical levels. Therefore, identifying specific signatures, altered protein expressions, and modifications as well as protein-protein interplay/function could not only enhance our understanding of the redox networks during cancer initiation and progression but will also provide novel targets for designing specific therapeutic strategies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Not only a heightened realization is required to unravel various gene/protein networks associated with cancer formation and progression, particularly from the redox standpoint, but there is also a need for developing more sensitive tools for assessing cancer redox metabolism in clinical settings. This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge of the crosstalk between oncoproteins and ROS in promoting cancer cell survival and proliferation and treatment strategies employed against these oncoproteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Jun Fei Chong
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolin Xiao Hui Lai
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Qing Eu
- 2 Cancer Science Institute , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gregory Lucien Bellot
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,3 Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,4 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore .,6 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
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