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Yuan Y, Du W, Liu J, Ma W, Zhang L, Du Z, Cai B. Stem Cell-Derived Exosome in Cardiovascular Diseases: Macro Roles of Micro Particles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:547. [PMID: 29904347 PMCID: PMC5991072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell-based therapy has emerged as the promising therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recently, increasing evidence suggest stem cell-derived active exosomes are important communicators among cells in the heart via delivering specific substances to the adjacent/distant target cells. These exosomes and their contents such as certain proteins, miRNAs and lncRNAs exhibit huge beneficial effects on preventing heart damage and promoting cardiac repair. More importantly, stem cell-derived exosomes are more effective and safer than stem cell transplantation. Therefore, administration of stem cell-derived exosomes will expectantly be an alternative stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of CVDs. Furthermore, modification of stem cell-derived exosomes or artificial synthesis of exosomes will be the new therapeutic tools for CVDs in the future. In addition, stem cell-derived exosomes also have been implicated in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVDs. In this review, we summarize the current advances of stem cell-derived exosome-based treatment and prognosis for CVDs, including their potential benefits, underlying mechanisms and limitations, which will provide novel insights of exosomes as a new tool in clinical therapeutic translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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102
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Lázár E, Sadek HA, Bergmann O. Cardiomyocyte renewal in the human heart: insights from the fall-out. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:2333-2342. [PMID: 28810672 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of the mammalian heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes has been debated over the last decades. However, limitations in existing techniques to track and identify nascent cardiomyocytes have often led to inconsistent results. Radiocarbon (14C) birth dating, in combination with other quantitative strategies, allows to establish the number and age of human cardiomyocytes, making it possible to describe their age distribution and turnover dynamics. Accurate estimates of cardiomyocyte generation in the adult heart can provide the foundation for novel regenerative strategies that aim to stimulate cardiomyocyte renewal in various cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Lázár
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm SE 171 65, Sweden
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm SE 171 65, Sweden.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, D-01307, Germany
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103
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Oliveira ALDA, Scheffer JP, Markoski M, Koche A, Balbinot A, Antunes F, Kalil R. Vascular endothelial growth factor association with angiopoietin 1 promotes improvement in ventricular function after ischemic cardiomyopathy induced in mini pigs. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33:386-395. [PMID: 29768541 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180040000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and clinical, hemodynamic and tissue improvement ability in mini pigs undergoing cell and gene therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Thirty-two mini pigs Br1 lineage, 12 months old, undergoing induction of acute myocardial infarction by occlusion of the diagonal branch of the paraconal coronary. They were divided into 4 groups: one control group and 3 treatment groups (cell therapy and gene cell therapy). Echocardiography reviews were performed on three occasions and histopathological analysis was performed after 4 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey and Wilcoxon tests, were performed. RESULTS Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with angiopoietin1 (Ang1) presented satisfactory results in the improvement of ventricular function following ischemic cardiomyopathy in mini pigs when compared to the results of the other treated groups. CONCLUSION The therapy with VEGF and the combination of VEGF with Ang1, promoted recovered function of the myocardium, characterized by reduced akinetic area and induction of neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lacerda de Abreu Oliveira
- PhD, Associate Professor, Laboratory of Animal Health, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Experimentation Unit, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Technical procedures, critical revision, final approval the manuscript
| | - Jussara Peters Scheffer
- Fellow PhD degree, Laboratory of Animal Health, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Experimentation Unit, UENF Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Conception and design of the study, technical procedures, acquisition and analysis of data, manuscript preparation
| | - Melissa Markoski
- PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Critical revision, final approval the manuscript
| | - Andreia Koche
- PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Technical procedures
| | - Alexsandra Balbinot
- PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Technical procedures
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- PhD, Associate Professor, Laboratory of Animal Health, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Experimentation Unit, UENF Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Technical procedures
| | - Renato Kalil
- PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Critical revision, final approval the manuscript
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104
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Zhou X, Yuan L, Wu C, Cheng Chen, Luo G, Deng J, Mao Z. Recent review of the effect of nanomaterials on stem cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17656-17676. [PMID: 35542058 PMCID: PMC9080527 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02424c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of stem-cell-therapy offers considerable promise as a means of delivering new treatments for a wide range of diseases. Recent progress in nanotechnology has stimulated the development of multifunctional nanomaterials (NMs) for stem-cell-therapy. Several clinical trials based on the use of NMs are currently underway for stem-cell-therapy purposes, such as drug/gene delivery and imaging. However, the interactions between NMs and stem cells are far from being completed, and the effects of the NMs on cellular behavior need critical evaluation. In this review, the interactions between several types of mostly used NMs and stem cells, and their associated possible mechanisms are systematically discussed, with specific emphasis on the possible differentiation effects induced by NMs. It is expected that the enhanced understanding of NM-stem cell interactions will facilitate biomaterial design for stem-cell-therapy and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Chengzhou Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Wuxi Country People's Hospital Chongqing 405800 China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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105
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Liu B, Lee BW, Nakanishi K, Villasante A, Williamson R, Metz J, Kim J, Kanai M, Bi L, Brown K, Di Paolo G, Homma S, Sims PA, Topkara VK, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Cardiac recovery via extended cell-free delivery of extracellular vesicles secreted by cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:293-303. [PMID: 30271672 PMCID: PMC6159913 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate a broad range of cellular processes has recently been exploited for the treatment of diseases. For example, EVs secreted by stem cells injected into infarcted hearts can induce recovery through the delivery of stem-cell-specific miRNAs. However, the retention of the EVs and the therapeutic effects are short-lived. Here, we show that an engineered hydrogel patch capable of slowly releasing EVs secreted from cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells reduced arrhythmic burden, promoted ejection-fraction recovery, decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis 24 hours after infarction, and reduced infarct size and cell hypertrophy 4 weeks post-infarction when implanted onto infarcted rat hearts. We also show that the EVs are enriched with cardiac-specific miRNAs known to modulate cardiomyocyte-specific processes. The extended delivery of EVs secreted from iPS-cell-derived cardiomyocytes into the heart may help understand heart recovery and treat heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Liu
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin W Lee
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koki Nakanishi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aranzazu Villasante
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Williamson
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Metz
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Kanai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn Bi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristy Brown
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veli K Topkara
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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106
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Ong CS, Nam L, Ong K, Krishnan A, Huang CY, Fukunishi T, Hibino N. 3D and 4D Bioprinting of the Myocardium: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Prospects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6497242. [PMID: 29850546 PMCID: PMC5937623 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6497242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D and 4D bioprinting of the heart are exciting notions in the modern era. However, myocardial bioprinting has proven to be challenging. This review outlines the methods, materials, cell types, issues, challenges, and future prospects in myocardial bioprinting. Advances in 3D bioprinting technology have significantly improved the manufacturing process. While scaffolds have traditionally been utilized, 3D bioprinters, which do not require scaffolds, are increasingly being employed. Improved understanding of the cardiac cellular composition and multiple strategies to tackle the issues of vascularization and viability had led to progress in this field. In vivo studies utilizing small animal models have been promising. 4D bioprinting is a new concept that has potential to advance the field of 3D bioprinting further by incorporating the fourth dimension of time. Clinical translation will require multidisciplinary collaboration to tackle the pertinent issues facing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ong
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lucy Nam
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kingsfield Ong
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Aravind Krishnan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takuma Fukunishi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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107
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Cooke ME, Jones SW, Ter Horst B, Moiemen N, Snow M, Chouhan G, Hill LJ, Esmaeli M, Moakes RJA, Holton J, Nandra R, Williams RL, Smith AM, Grover LM. Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705013. [PMID: 29430770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new materials for clinical use is limited by an onerous regulatory framework, which means that taking a completely new material into the clinic can make translation economically unfeasible. One way to get around this issue is to structure materials that are already approved by the regulator, such that they exhibit very distinct physical properties and can be used in a broader range of clinical applications. Here, the focus is on the structuring of soft materials at multiple length scales by modifying processing conditions. By applying shear to newly forming materials, it is possible to trigger molecular reorganization of polymer chains, such that they aggregate to form particles and ribbon-like structures. These structures then weakly interact at zero shear forming a solid-like material. The resulting self-healing network is of particular use for a range of different biomedical applications. How these materials are used to allow the delivery of therapeutic entities (cells and proteins) and as a support for additive layer manufacturing of larger-scale tissue constructs is discussed. This technology enables the development of a range of novel materials and structures for tissue augmentation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Cooke
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Musculoskeletal Ageing Centre, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Musculoskeletal Ageing Centre, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Britt Ter Horst
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Scar Free Foundation Centre for Burns Research, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Naiem Moiemen
- Scar Free Foundation Centre for Burns Research, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martyn Snow
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gurpreet Chouhan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maryam Esmaeli
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard J A Moakes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Holton
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rajpal Nandra
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard L Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alan M Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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108
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Lei W, Feng T, Fang X, Yu Y, Yang J, Zhao ZA, Liu J, Shen Z, Deng W, Hu S. Signature of circular RNAs in human induced pluripotent stem cells and derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523209 PMCID: PMC5845222 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regarded as a novel class of noncoding RNA regulators. Although a number of circRNAs have been identified by bioinformatics analysis of RNA-seq data, tissue and disease-specific circRNAs are still to be uncovered to promote their application in basic research and clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the circRNA profiles in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), and to identify cardiac or disease-specific circRNAs. Methods hiPSCs were generated from fibroblasts, and then further differentiated to hiPSC-CMs by modulating WNT signaling in RPMI+B27 medium. Following high-throughput RNA sequencing, circRNAs were extracted and quantified by a combined strategy known as CIRCexplorer. Integrative analysis was performed to illuminate the correlation between circRNAs and their parental linear isoforms. Cardiac and disease-specific expression of circRNAs was confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Results In this study, a total of 5602 circRNAs were identified in hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs. Our data indicated, for the first time, more enriched expression of circRNAs in differentiated cardiomyocytes than in undifferentiated hiPSCs. In addition to the host gene-dependent expression, our integrative analysis also identified a number of circRNAs showing host gene-independent expression in hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs. CircRNAs including circSLC8A1, circCACNA1D, circSPHKAP and circALPK2 showed cardiac-selective expression during cardiac differentiation and human heart-specific enrichment in fetal tissues. Furthermore, circSLC8A1 abnormally increased in heart tissues from patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusions CircRNAs are highly enriched in hiPSC-differentiated CMs, and cardiac-specific circRNAs such as circSLC8A1, circCACNA1D, circSPHKAP and circALPK2 may serve as biomarkers of CMs. Detection of the excessive expression of circSLC8A1 provides a potential approach for pathological status indication of heart disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0793-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You Yu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Wenbo Deng
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Shijun Hu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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109
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Liu Y, Niu R, Yang F, Yan Y, Liang S, Sun Y, Shen P, Lin J. Biological characteristics of human menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1627-1639. [PMID: 29278305 PMCID: PMC5824373 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful isolation of human endometrial stem cells from menstrual blood, namely menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs), has provided enticing alternative seed cells for stem cell-based therapy. MenSCs are enriched in the self-regenerative tissue, endometrium, which shed along the periodic menstrual blood and thus their acquisition involves no physical invasiveness. However, the impact of the storage duration of menstrual blood prior to stem cell isolation, the age of the donor, the number of passages on the self-renewing of MenSCs, the paracrine production of biological factors in MenSCs and expression of adhesion molecules on MenSCs remain elusive. In this study, we confirmed that MenSCs reside in shedding endometrium, and documented that up to 3 days of storage at 4°C has little impact on MenSCs, while the age of the donor and the number of passages are negatively associated with proliferation capacity of MenSCs. Moreover, we found that MenSCs were actually immune-privileged and projected no risk of tumour formation. Also, we documented a lung- and liver-dominated, spleen- and kidney-involved organic distribution profile of MenSC 3 days after intravenous transfer into mice. At last, we suggested that MenSCs may have potentially therapeutic effects on diseases through paracrine effect and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Rongcheng Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Fen Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yan Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Shengying Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Ping Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - Juntang Lin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationStem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of HenanCollege of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Institute of Anatomy IJena University HospitalUniversity of Jena School of MedicineJenaGermany
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110
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of ischemic heart disease via replenishing cell loss after myocardial infarction. Both preclinical studies and clinical trials have indicated that cardiac function improved consistently, but very modestly after cell-based therapy. This mainly attributed to low cell survival rate, engraftment and functional integration, which became the major challenges to regenerative medicine. In recent years, several new cell types have been developed to regenerate cardiomyocytes and novel delivery approaches helped to increase local cell retention. New strategies, such as cell pretreatment, gene-based therapy, tissue engineering, extracellular vesicles application and immunologic regulation, have surged and brought about improved cell survival and functional integration leading to better therapeutic effects after cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize these new strategies targeting at challenges of cardiac regenerative medicine and discuss recent evidences that may hint their effectiveness in the future clinical settings.
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111
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Liu G, Lv H, An Y, Wei X, Yi X, Yi H. Tracking of transplanted human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells labeled with fluorescent probe in a mouse model of acute lung injury. Int J Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29532861 PMCID: PMC5846645 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was topreliminarily visualize the distribution of humanumbilical cord-derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in treating acute lung injury (ALI) using a targeted fluorescent technique. Anovel fluorescent molecule probe was first synthesized via the specific binding of antigen and antibody in vitro to label the hUC-MSCs. Two groups of mice, comprising a normal saline (NS)+MSC group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+MSC group, were subjected to optical imaging. At 4 h following ALI mouse model construction, the labeled hUC-MSCs were transplanted into the mice in the NS+MSC group and LPS+MSC group by tail vein injection. The mice were sacrificed 30 min, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days following injection of the labeled hUC-MSCs, and the lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys and liver were removed. The excised lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys and liver were then detected on asmall animal fluorescent imager. The fluorescent results showed that the signal intensity in the lungs of the LPS+MSC group was significantly higher, compared with that of the NS+MSC group at 30 min (3.53±0.06×10−4, vs. 1.95±0.05×10−4 scaled counts/sec), 1 day (36.20±0.77×10−4, vs. 23.45±0.43×10−4 scaled counts/sec), 3 days (11.83±0.26×10−4, vs. 5.39±0.10×10−4 scaled counts/sec), and 7 days (3.14±0.04×10−4, vs. 0.00±0.00×10−4 scaled counts/sec; all P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity in the liver of the LPS+MSC group, vs. NS+MSC group was measured at 30 min (0.00±0.00×10−4, vs. 0.00±0.00×10−4 scaled counts/sec); 1 day (5.53±0.08×10−4, vs. 5.44±0.16×10−4 scaled counts/sec); 3 days (0.00±0.00×10−4, vs. 8.67±0.05×10−4 scaled counts/sec); 7 days (0.00±0.00×10−4, vs. 0.00±0.00×10−4 scaled counts/sec). The signal intensity of the heart, spleen and kidneys was minimal. In conclusion, the novel targeted fluorescence molecular probe was suitable for tracking the distribution processes of hUC-MSCs in treating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genglong Liu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Haijin Lv
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yuling An
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xuxia Wei
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Yi
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Yi
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Marotta P, Cianflone E, Aquila I, Vicinanza C, Scalise M, Marino F, Mancuso T, Torella M, Indolfi C, Torella D. Combining cell and gene therapy to advance cardiac regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:409-423. [PMID: 29347847 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1430762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The characterization of multipotent endogenous cardiac stem cells (eCSCs) and the breakthroughs of somatic cell reprogramming to boost cardiomyocyte replacement have fostered the prospect of achieving functional heart repair/regeneration. AREAS COVERED Allogeneic CSC therapy through its paracrine stimulation of the endogenous resident reparative/regenerative process produces functional meaningful myocardial regeneration in pre-clinical porcine myocardial infarction models and is currently tested in the first-in-man human trial. The in vivo test of somatic reprogramming and cardioregenerative non-coding RNAs revived the interest in gene therapy for myocardial regeneration. The latter, together with the advent of genome editing, has prompted most recent efforts to produce genetically-modified allogeneic CSCs that secrete cardioregenerative factors to optimize effective myocardial repair. EXPERT OPINION The current war against heart failure epidemics in western countries seeks to find effective treatments to set back the failing hearts prolonging human lifespan. Off-the-shelf allogeneic-genetically-modified CSCs producing regenerative agents are a novel and evolving therapy set to be affordable, safe, effective and available at all times for myocardial regeneration to either prevent or treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Carla Vicinanza
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- b Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- a Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
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113
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Tang J, Lui KO, Zhou B. Replenishing the damaged heart with oxygen by nature-inspired photosynthesis. Future Cardiol 2018; 14:101-103. [PMID: 29336176 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2017-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
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Schubert FR, Singh AJ, Afoyalan O, Kioussi C, Dietrich S. To roll the eyes and snap a bite - function, development and evolution of craniofacial muscles. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:31-44. [PMID: 29331210 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial muscles, muscles that move the eyes, control facial expression and allow food uptake and speech, have long been regarded as a variation on the general body muscle scheme. However, evidence has accumulated that the function of head muscles, their developmental anatomy and the underlying regulatory cascades are distinct. This article reviews the key aspects of craniofacial muscle and muscle stem cell formation and discusses how this differs from the trunk programme of myogenesis; we show novel RNAseq data to support this notion. We also trace the origin of head muscle in the chordate ancestors of vertebrates and discuss links with smooth-type muscle in the primitive chordate pharynx. We look out as to how the special properties of head muscle precursor and stem cells, in particular their competence to contribute to the heart, could be exploited in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Schubert
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Arun J Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Oluwatomisin Afoyalan
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Susanne Dietrich
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
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115
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Kim Y, Zhang Z, Shim JH, Lee TS, Tung CH. A cell surface clicked navigation system to direct specific bone targeting. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:758-764. [PMID: 29306547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies are promising up-and-coming therapeutic strategies for many diseases. For maximal therapeutic benefits, injected cells have to navigate their way to a designated area, including organ and tissue; unfortunately, the majority of therapeutic cells are currently administered without a guide or homing device. To improve this serious shortcoming, a functionalization method was developed to equip cells with a homing signal. Its application was demonstrated by applying an Azadibenzocyclooctyne-bisphosphonate (ADIBO-BP) and azide paired bioorthogonal chemistry on cells for bone specific homing. Jurkat T cells and bone marrow derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured with tetraacetylated N-azidoacetyl-d-mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) to place unnatural azido groups onto the cell's surface; these azido groups were then reacted with ADIBO-BP. The tethered bisphosphonates were able to bring Jurkat cells to hydroxyapatite, the major component of bone, and mineralized SAOS-2 cells. The incorporated BP groups also enhanced the specific affinity of BMSCs to mouse femur bone fragments in vitro. The introduced navigation strategy is expected to have a broad application in cell therapy, because through the biocompatible ADIBO and azide reactive pair, various homing signals could be efficiently anchored onto therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kim
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Kargozar S, Hamzehlou S, Baino F. Potential of Bioactive Glasses for Cardiac and Pulmonary Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1429. [PMID: 29244726 PMCID: PMC5744364 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of disorders affecting cardiac and pulmonary tissues through tissue-engineering-based approaches is currently of particular interest. On this matter, different families of bioactive glasses (BGs) have recently been given much consideration with respect to treating refractory diseases of these tissues, such as myocardial infarction. The inherent properties of BGs, including their ability to bond to hard and soft tissues, to stimulate angiogenesis, and to elicit antimicrobial effects, along with their excellent biocompatibility, support these newly proposed strategies. Moreover, BGs can also act as a bioactive reinforcing phase to finely tune the mechanical properties of polymer-based constructs used to repair the damaged cardiac and pulmonary tissues. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of different forms of BGs, alone or in combination with other materials (e.g., polymers), in regards to repair and regenerate injured tissues of cardiac and pulmonary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Kargozar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Hamzehlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran.
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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117
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Katarzyna R. Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Repair in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction Leading to Ischemic Heart Failure: An Overview of Evidence from the Recent Clinical Trials. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:223-231. [PMID: 28464769 PMCID: PMC5633717 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x13666170502103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) still represent the leading cause of mortality worldwide, despite the remarkable advances in interventional cardiology, cardiac surgery, and modern pharmacotherapy, particularly in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), chronic ischemic heart failure (HF), cardiomyopathy (CM), and the associated left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. A significant loss of cardiomyocytes that underlies all of these conditions was previously considered irreversible. However, current evidence indicates that the human heart has some potential for repair, and over the past decade, many research studies have been exploring the use of stem cells (SCs) to facilitate restoration of myocardium. Consequently, the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of SC therapy have been reported in many randomized clinical trials (RCTs), using different lineages of adult SCs. Nevertheless, the clinical benefits of SC therapy are not yet well established. In the near future, understanding of the complex interrelations between SCs, paracrine factors, genetic or epigenetic pre-dispositions, and myocardial microenvironment, in the context of an individual patient, will be crucial for translation of this knowledge into practical development of successful, long-term regenerative SC therapeutic applications, in a growing population of patients suffering from previous myocardial in-farction (MI) leading to chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: This overview highlights the therapeutic potential of adult SCs in terms of their possible regenerative capacity, safety, and clinical outcomes, in patients with AMI, and/or subsequent HF (due to chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy). This review was based upon PubMed database search for trials on SC therapy, in patients with AMI and HF, and the main timeframe was set from 2006 to 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rygiel Katarzyna
- Department of Family Practice, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), Katowice-Zabrze, Poland
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118
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Sommese L, Zullo A, Schiano C, Mancini FP, Napoli C. Possible Muscle Repair in the Human Cardiovascular System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:170-191. [PMID: 28058671 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of tissues and organs could promote survival, extended lifespan and healthy life in multicellular organisms. Niches of adult stemness are widely distributed and lead to the anatomical and functional regeneration of the damaged organ. Conversely, muscular regeneration in mammals, and humans in particular, is very limited and not a single piece of muscle can fully regrow after a severe injury. Therefore, muscle repair after myocardial infarction is still a chimera. Recently, it has been recognized that epigenetics could play a role in tissue regrowth since it guarantees the maintenance of cellular identity in differentiated cells and, therefore, the stability of organs and tissues. The removal of these locks can shift a specific cell identity back to the stem-like one. Given the gradual loss of tissue renewal potential in the course of evolution, in the last few years many different attempts to retrieve such potential by means of cell therapy approaches have been performed in experimental models. Here we review pathways and mechanisms involved in the in vivo repair of cardiovascular muscle tissues in humans. Moreover, we address the ongoing research on mammalian cardiac muscle repair based on adult stem cell transplantation and pro-regenerative factor delivery. This latter issue, involving genetic manipulations of adult cells, paves the way for developing possible therapeutic strategies in the field of cardiovascular muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco P Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Foundation SDN, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect and acquired heart disease is the leading cause of death in adults. Understanding the mechanisms that drive cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation has the potential to advance the understanding and potentially the treatment of different cardiac pathologies, ranging from myopathies and heart failure to myocardial infarction. This review focuses on studies aimed at elucidating signal transduction pathways and molecular mechanisms that promote proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of differentiated heart muscle cells, cardiomyocytes. RECENT FINDINGS There is now significant evidence that demonstrates cardiomyocytes continue to proliferate into adulthood. Potential regulators have been identified, including cell cycle regulators, extracellular ligands such as neuregulin, epigenetic targets, reactive oxygen species, and microRNA. The necessary steps should involve validating and applying the new knowledge about cardiomyocyte regeneration towards the development of therapeutic targets for patients. This will be facilitated by the application of standardized pre-clinical models to study cardiomyocyte regeneration.
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120
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Li X, Hacker M. Molecular imaging in stem cell-based therapies of cardiac diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:71-88. [PMID: 28734900 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past 15years, despite that regenerative medicine has shown great potential for cardiovascular diseases, the outcome and safety of stem cell transplantation has shown controversial results in the published literature. Medical imaging might be useful for monitoring and quantifying transplanted cells within the heart and to serially characterize the effects of stem cell therapy of the myocardium. From the multiple available noninvasive imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear imaging by positron (PET) or single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) are the most used clinical approaches to follow the fate of transplanted stem cells in vivo. In this article, we provide a review on the role of different noninvasive imaging modalities and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We focus on the different in-vivo labeling and reporter gene imaging strategies for stem cell tracking as well as the concept and reliability to use imaging parameters as noninvasive surrogate endpoints for the evaluation of the post-therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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121
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(Re-)programming of subtype specific cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:142-167. [PMID: 28916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) possess a highly restricted intrinsic regenerative potential - a major barrier to the effective treatment of a range of chronic degenerative cardiac disorders characterized by cellular loss and/or irreversible dysfunction and which underlies the majority of deaths in developed countries. Both stem cell programming and direct cell reprogramming hold promise as novel, potentially curative approaches to address this therapeutic challenge. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has introduced a second pluripotent stem cell source besides embryonic stem cells (ESCs), enabling even autologous cardiomyocyte production. In addition, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming somatic cells into cardiomyocytes is likely to become of great importance. In either case, different clinical scenarios will require the generation of highly pure, specific cardiac cellular-subtypes. In this review, we discuss these themes as related to the cardiovascular stem cell and programming field, including a focus on the emergent topic of pacemaker cell generation for the development of biological pacemakers and in vitro drug testing.
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122
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Li X, Chen YY, Wang XM, Gao K, Gao YZ, Cao J, Zhang ZL, Lei J, Jin ZY, Wang YN. Image-guided stem cells with functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofibers for treatment of acute myocardial infarction in a mouse model. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3723-3731. [PMID: 28861163 PMCID: PMC5575186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the therapeutic effect for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after co-transplantation with the functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofiber RAD/PRG or RAD/KLT. METHODS AMI of balb/c mice was induced. Mice were randomly divided into four groups, and received treatment of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Group A), GFP/Fluc-BMSCs (Group B), GFP/Fluc-BMSCs + RAD/PRG (Group C), and GFP/Fluc-BMSCs + RAD/KLT (Group D), respectively. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed on day 1 (d-1), d-4, d-7, d-10, and d-13 after transplantation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at baseline (d-4 before transplantation) and d-29 after treatment. Mice were euthanized on d-29 following treatment. Paraffin sections were obtained from the top, mid and bottom part of the infarcted region along the long-axis of the heart. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed. The infarct ratio micro-vascular density (MVD) was quantified. RESULTS There was a significant higher of BLI signal intensity of BMSCs in Group C than that in Group B (d-4, 9713±320 vs. 8164±378, P=0.0008; d-7, 6489±241 vs. 5417±361, P=0.0026; d-10, 3768±255 vs. 0, P < 0.0001). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) via MRI examination was significantly improved in both Group C and Group D. Infarct ratio and MVD were significantly improved in both Group C and Group D. CONCLUSION Our data highlights BMSCs combining functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofibers RAD/PRG or RAD/KLT as promising therapy for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Yun-Zhou Gao
- Department of Pathology and Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
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Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of cardiac fibrosis. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:13. [PMID: 29259712 PMCID: PMC5725925 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-017-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and fibrotic responses to myocardial damage are essential for cardiac repair; however, these responses often result in extensive fibrotic remodeling with impaired systolic function. Recent reports have suggested that such acute phase responses provide a favorable environment for endogenous cardiac regeneration, which is mainly driven by the division of pre-existing cardiomyocytes (CMs). Existing CMs in mammals can re-acquire proliferative activity after substantial cardiac damage, and elements other than CMs in the physiological and/or pathological environment, such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, and the polarity of infiltrating macrophages, have been reported to regulate replication. Cardiac fibroblasts comprise the largest cell population in terms of cell number in the myocardium, and they play crucial roles in the proliferation and protection of CMs. The in vivo direct reprogramming of functional CMs has been investigated in cardiac regeneration. Currently, growth factors, transcription factors, microRNAs, and small molecules promoting the regeneration and protection of these CMs have also been actively researched. Here, we summarize and discuss current studies on the relationship between cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, and cardiac regeneration and protection, which would be useful for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent advanced heart failure.
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Booth SA, Charchar FJ. Cardiac telomere length in heart development, function, and disease. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:368-384. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00024.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleoprotein structures at chromosome ends, and a decrease in the number of these repeats, known as a reduction in telomere length (TL), triggers cellular senescence and apoptosis. Heart disease, the worldwide leading cause of death, often results from the loss of cardiac cells, which could be explained by decreases in TL. Due to the cell-specific regulation of TL, this review focuses on studies that have measured telomeres in heart cells and critically assesses the relationship between cardiac TL and heart function. There are several lines of evidence that have identified rapid changes in cardiac TL during the onset and progression of heart disease as well as at critical stages of development. There are also many factors, such as the loss of telomeric proteins, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, that decrease cardiac TL and heart function. In contrast, antioxidants, calorie restriction, and exercise can prevent both cardiac telomere attrition and the progression of heart disease. TL in the heart is also indicative of proliferative potential and could facilitate the identification of cells suitable for cardiac rejuvenation. Although these findings highlight the involvement of TL in heart function, there are important questions regarding the validity of animal models, as well as several confounding factors, that need to be considered when interpreting results and planning future research. With these in mind, elucidating the telomeric mechanisms involved in heart development and the transition to disease holds promise to prevent cardiac dysfunction and potentiate regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Booth
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Balllarat, Australia
| | - F. J. Charchar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Balllarat, Australia
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Arnone B, Chen JY, Qin G. Characterization and analysis of long non-coding rna (lncRNA) in In Vitro- and Ex Vivo-derived cardiac progenitor cells. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640894 PMCID: PMC5481004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in cell-based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) show continuing promise for the use of transplanted stem and cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) to promote cardiac restitution. However, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the development of these cells remains incomplete and is critical for optimizing their use in such therapy. Long non-coding (lnc) RNA has recently emerged as a crucial class of regulatory molecules involved in directing a variety of critical biological processes including development, homeostasis and disease. As such, a rising body of evidence suggests that they also play key regulatory roles in CPC development, though many questions remain regarding the expression landscape and specific identity of lncRNA involved in this process. To address this, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing of two murine CPC populations–Nkx2-5 EmGFP reporter-sorted embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived and ex vivo, cardiosphere-derived–in an effort to characterize their lncRNA profiles and potentially identify novel CPC regulators. The resulting sequencing data revealed an enrichment in both CPC populations for a panel of previously-identified lncRNA genes associated with cardiac differentiation. Additionally, a total of 1,678 differentially expressed and as-of-yet unannotated, putative lncRNA genes were found to be enriched for in the two CPC populations relative to undifferentiated ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baron Arnone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, UAB, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jake Y. Chen
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, UAB, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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126
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Abstract
Stem cell mediated cardiac repair is an exciting and controversial area of cardiovascular research that holds the potential to produce novel, revolutionary therapies for the treatment of heart disease. Extensive investigation to define cell types contributing to cardiac formation, homeostasis and regeneration has produced several candidates, including adult cardiac c-Kit+ expressing stem and progenitor cells that have even been employed in a Phase I clinical trial demonstrating safety and feasibility of this therapeutic approach. However, the field of cardiac cell based therapy remains deeply divided due to strong disagreement among researchers and clinicians over which cell types, if any, are the best candidates for these applications. Research models that identify and define specific cardiac cells that effectively contribute to heart repair are urgently needed to resolve this debate. In this review, current c-Kit reporter models are discussed with respect to myocardial c-Kit cell biology and function, and future designs imagined to better represent endogenous myocardial c-Kit expression.
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127
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Tan Y, Han P, Gu Q, Chen G, Wang L, Ma R, Wu J, Feng C, Zhang Y, Wang L, Hu B, Li W, Hao J, Zhou Q. Generation of clinical-grade functional cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells in chemically defined conditions. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:153-163. [PMID: 27943600 DOI: 10.1002/term.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient cardiac differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is achievable using existing methods, especially with the standard B27 induction system. However, bovine serum albumin (BSA), one of the essential ingredients in B27, may pose significant complications for clinical studies owing to its animal origin and potential risks of virus contamination. Furthermore, the high cost of the B27 induction system also limits the applications of hPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes. Here, a BSA-free and chemically defined medium has been developed for differentiating hPSCs to clinical-grade cardiomyocytes, which generated over 80% cardiac troponin T (cTNT)-positive cardiomyocytes with high yield. When engrafting the cardiomyocytes into the hearts of myocardial infarction model rats, the rats survived with significantly improved heart functions in Δ ejection fraction and Δ fractional shortening. Importantly, the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line (Q-CTS-hESC-2) chosen for differentiation was of a clinical-grade maintained in defined xeno-free conditions. Compliant with the biological safety requirements, the Q-CTS-hESC-2-derived cardiomyocytes have passed the sterility and pathogen criteria tests for clinical applications. This study reports, for the first time, the generation of clinical-grade and functional cardiomyocytes from hPSCs where BSA-free and chemically defined conditions were maintained throughout the whole process. This provides the possibility of future therapeutic use of clinical-grade hPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes in treating heart diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Pengcheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Chunjing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100192, China
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128
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Han D, Li X, Fan WS, Chen JW, Gou TT, Su T, Fan MM, Xu MQ, Wang YB, Ma S, Qiu Y, Cao F. Activation of cannabinoid receptor type II by AM1241 protects adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative damage and enhances their therapeutic efficacy in myocardial infarction mice via Stat3 activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64853-64866. [PMID: 29029396 PMCID: PMC5630296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor survival of cells in ischemic sites diminishes the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapy. Previously we and others have reported that Cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2) is protective during heart ischemic injury for its anti-oxidative activity. However, whether CB2 activation could improve the survival and therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in ischemic myocardium and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we showed evidence that CB2 agonist AM1241 treatment could improve the functional survival of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in vitro as well as in vivo. Moreover, AD-MSCs adjuvant with AM1241 improved cardiac function, and inhibited cardiac oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrosis. To unveil possible mechanisms, AD-MSCs were exposed to hydrogen peroxide/serum deprivation to simulate the ischemic environment in myocardium. Results delineated that AM1241 blocked the apoptosis, oxidative damage and promoted the paracrine effects of AD-MSCs. Mechanistically, AM1241 activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) through the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. Moreover, the administration of AM630, LY294002, U0126 and AG490 (inhibitors for CB2, Akt, ERK1/2 and Stat3, respectively) could abolish the beneficial actions of AM1241. Our result support the promise of CB2 activation as an effective strategy to optimize stem cell-based therapy possibly through Stat3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Si Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Tian Gou
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miao-Miao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Qi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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129
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Clegg JR, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA. Vision for Functionally Decorated and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:166-175. [PMID: 30906848 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-017-0028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of regenerative engineering offers a great challenge and an even greater opportunity for materials scientists and engineers. How can we develop materials that are highly porous to permit cellular infiltration, yet possess sufficient mechanical integrity to mimic native tissues? How can we retain and deliver bioactive molecules to drive cell organization, proliferation, and differentiation in a predictable manner? In the following perspective, we highlight recent studies that have demonstrated the vital importance of each of these questions, as well as many others pertaining to scaffold development. We posit hybrid materials synthesized by molecular decoration and molecular imprinting as intelligent biomaterials for regenerative engineering applications. These materials have potential to present cell adhesion molecules and soluble growth factors with fine-tuned spatial and temporal control, in response to both cell-driven and external triggers. Future studies in this area will address a pertinent clinical need, expand the existing repertoire of medical materials, and improve the field's understanding of how cells and materials respond to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Clegg
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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130
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Bylund JB, Trinh LT, Awgulewitsch CP, Paik DT, Jetter C, Jha R, Zhang J, Nolan K, Xu C, Thompson TB, Kamp TJ, Hatzopoulos AK. Coordinated Proliferation and Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells Depend on Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Regulation by GREMLIN 2. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:678-693. [PMID: 28125926 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart development depends on coordinated proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), but how the two processes are synchronized is not well understood. Here, we show that the secreted Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) antagonist GREMLIN 2 (GREM2) is induced in CPCs shortly after cardiac mesoderm specification during differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. GREM2 expression follows cardiac lineage differentiation independently of the differentiation method used, or the origin of the pluripotent stem cells, suggesting that GREM2 is linked to cardiogenesis. Addition of GREM2 protein strongly increases cardiomyocyte output compared to established procardiogenic differentiation methods. Our data show that inhibition of canonical BMP signaling by GREM2 is necessary to promote proliferation of CPCs. However, canonical BMP signaling inhibition alone is not sufficient to induce cardiac differentiation, which depends on subsequent JNK pathway activation specifically by GREM2. These findings may have broader implications in the design of approaches to orchestrate growth and differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived lineages that depend on precise regulation of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery B Bylund
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Linh T Trinh
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cassandra P Awgulewitsch
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David T Paik
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,3 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher Jetter
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rajneesh Jha
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- 5 Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kristof Nolan
- 6 Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chunhui Xu
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- 6 Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- 5 Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,3 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
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131
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Sarig R, Tzahor E. The cancer paradigms of mammalian regeneration: can mammals regenerate as amphibians? Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:359-366. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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132
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Li Y, Tian S, Lei I, Liu L, Ma P, Wang Z. Transplantation of multipotent Isl1+ cardiac progenitor cells preserves infarcted heart function in mice. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1530-1542. [PMID: 28386378 PMCID: PMC5376043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based cardiac therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to restore heart function after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the cell type selection and ensuing effects remain controversial. Here, we intramyocardially injected Isl1+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) derived from EGFP/luciferase double-tagged mouse embryonic stem (dt-mES) cells with vehicle (fibrin gel) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the infarcted area in nude mice to assess the contribution of CPCs to the recovery of cardiac function post-MI. Our results showed that Isl1+ CPCs differentiated normally into three cardiac lineages (cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) both on cell culture plates and in fibrin gel. Cell retention was significantly increased when the transplanted cells were injected with vehicle. Importantly, 28 days after injection, CPCs were observed to differentiate into CMs within the infarcted area. Moreover, numerous CD31+ endothelial cells derived from endogenous revascularization and differentiation of the injected CPCs were detected. SMMHC-, Ki67- and CX-43-positive cells were identified in the injected CPC population, further demonstrating the proliferation, differentiation and integration of the transplanted CPCs in host cells. Furthermore, animal hearts injected with CPCs showed increased angiogenesis, decreased infarct size, and improved heart function. In conclusion, our studies showed that Isl1+ CPCs, when combined with a suitable vehicle, can produce notable therapeutic effects in the infarcted heart, suggesting that CPCs might be an ideal cell source for cardiac therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXian 710032, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109, MI, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of MacauMacau SAR, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Peter Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, and Materials Science and Engineering, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109, MI, USA
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133
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Cardiac repair in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction with trophoblast stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44376. [PMID: 28295048 PMCID: PMC5353648 DOI: 10.1038/srep44376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stem cells have been explored for the purpose of cardiac repair. However, any individual stem cell population has not been considered as the ideal source. Recently, trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), a newly described stem cell type, have demonstrated extensive plasticity. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effect of TSCs transplantation for heart regeneration in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) and made a direct comparison with the most commonly used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Transplantation of TSCs and MSCs led to a remarkably improved cardiac function in contrast with the PBS control, but only the TSCs exhibited the potential of differentiation into cardiomyocytes in vivo. In addition, a significantly high proliferation level of both transplanted stem cells and resident cardiomyocytes was observed in the TSCs group. These findings primary revealed the therapeutic potential of TSCs in transplantation therapy for MI.
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134
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TirgarBahnamiri P, Bagheri-Khoulenjani S. Biodegradable microrobots for targeting cell delivery. Med Hypotheses 2017; 102:56-60. [PMID: 28478832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
These days, cell delivery is considered a potential method for treatment of many genetic diseases or tissue regeneration applications. In conventional cell delivery methods, cells are encapsulated in or cultured on biocompatible polymers. However, the main problem with these carriers is their lack of targeting ability. For tissue regeneration or many cell treatments, it is needed to deliver cells to a specific site of action. Magnetic microrobots based on industrial photoresists have been studied in literature for magnetically controllable carriers. However, there are some issues about biodegradation and removal of these microrobots from the body. In this paper, we hypothesis fabrication of new generation of biodegradable magnetic microrobots based on additive manufacturing methods to overcome this problem and to bring this evolving field to a new level.
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135
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Maeda K, Alarcon EI, Suuronen EJ, Ruel M. Optimizing the host substrate environment for cardiac angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and myogenesis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:435-447. [PMID: 28274146 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1293038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diseased host milieu, such as endothelial dysfunction (ED), decreased NO bioavailability, and ischemic/inflammatory post-MI environment, hamper the clinical success of existing cardiac regenerative therapies. Area covered: In this article, current strategies including pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches for improving the diseased host milieu are reviewed. Specifically, the authors provide focus on: i) the mechanism of ED in patients with cardiovascular diseases, ii) the current results of ED improving strategies in pre-clinical and clinical studies, and iii) the use of biomaterials as a novel modulator in damaged post-MI environment. Expert opinion: Adjunct therapies which improve host endothelial function have demonstrated promising outcomes, potentially overcoming disappointing results of cell therapy in human studies. In the future, elucidation of the interactions between the host tissue and therapeutic agents, as well as downstream signaling pathways, will be the next challenges in enhancing regenerative therapy. More careful investigations are also required to establish these agents' safety and efficacy for wide usage in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Maeda
- a Divisions of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- a Divisions of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- a Divisions of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- a Divisions of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
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136
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Stem Cell Technology in Cardiac Regeneration: A Pluripotent Stem Cell Promise. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:30-40. [PMID: 28169191 PMCID: PMC5474503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cardiovascular biology and medical therapy, heart disorders are the leading cause of death worldwide. Cell-based regenerative therapies become a promising treatment for patients affected by heart failure, but also underline the need for reproducible results in preclinical and clinical studies for safety and efficacy. Enthusiasm has been tempered by poor engraftment, survival and differentiation of the injected adult stem cells. The crucial challenge is identification and selection of the most suitable stem cell type for cardiac regenerative medicine. Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have emerged as attractive cell source to obtain cardiomyocytes (CMs), with potential applications, including drug discovery and toxicity screening, disease modelling and innovative cell therapies. Lessons from embryology offered important insights into the development of stem cell-derived CMs. However, the generation of a CM population, uniform in cardiac subtype, adult maturation and functional properties, is highly recommended. Moreover, hurdles regarding tumorigenesis, graft cell death, immune rejection and arrhythmogenesis need to be overcome in clinical practice. Here we highlight the recent progression in PSC technologies for the regeneration of injured heart. We review novel strategies that might overcome current obstacles in heart regenerative medicine, aiming at improving cell survival and functional integration after cell transplantation. Human pluripotent stem cells emerge as attractive tool for cardiac regeneration approaches. Plasticity of human pluripotent stem cells towards cardiac-related cell types guarantees repopulation of injured heart. Combination of stem cell and gene editing therapies has potential to become next generation treatment for cardiac diseases.
Data for this Review were identified by searches of MEDLINE and PubMed, and references from relevant articles using the search terms “cardiomyogenesis”, “adult stem cells”, “pluripotent stem cells” and “cardiac regeneration”. Only articles published in English between 1976 and 2017 were included. The majority of the articles reported were published after 2000.
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137
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Omatsu-Kanbe M, Nozuchi N, Nishino Y, Mukaisho KI, Sugihara H, Matsuura H. Identification of cardiac progenitors that survive in the ischemic human heart after ventricular myocyte death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41318. [PMID: 28120944 PMCID: PMC5264617 DOI: 10.1038/srep41318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypically-shaped cardiomyocytes (ACMs) are beating heart cells identified in the cultures of cardiomyocyte-removed fractions obtained from adult mouse hearts. Since ACMs spontaneously develop into beating cells in the absence of hormones or chemicals, these cells are likely to be a type of cardiac progenitors rather than stem cells. “Native ACMs” are found as small interstitial cells among ventricular myocytes that co-express cellular prion protein (PrP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in mouse and human heart tissues. However, the endogenous behavior of human ACMs is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that PrP+ cTnT+ cells are present in the human heart tissue with myocardial infarction (MI). These cells were mainly found in the border of necrotic cardiomyocytes caused by infarcts and also in the hibernating myocardium subjected to the chronic ischemia. The ratio of PrP+ cTnT+ cells to the total cells observed in the normal heart tissue section of mouse and human was estimated to range from 0.3–0.8%. Notably, living human PrP+ cTnT+ cells were identified in the cultures obtained at pathological autopsy despite exposure to lethal ischemic conditions for hours after death. These findings suggest that ACMs could survive in the ischemic human heart and develop into a sub-population of cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Omatsu-Kanbe
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nozuchi
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishino
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuura
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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138
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Hou J, Long H, Zhou C, Zheng S, Wu H, Guo T, Wu Q, Zhong T, Wang T. Long noncoding RNA Braveheart promotes cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:4. [PMID: 28095922 PMCID: PMC5242041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have limited potential of cardiogenic differentiation. In this study, we investigated the influence of long noncoding RNA Braveheart (lncRNA-Bvht) on cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Methods MSCs were obtained from C57BL/6 mice and cultured in vitro. Cells were divided into three groups: blank control, null vector control, and lncRNA-Bvht. All three groups experienced exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) and serum deprivation for 24 h, and 24 h of reoxygenation (20% O2). Cardiogenic differentiation was induced using 5-AZA for another 24 h. Normoxia (20% O2) was applied as a negative control during the whole process. Cardiogenic differentiation was assessed, and expressions of cardiac-specific transcription factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated biomarkers were detected. Anti-mesoderm posterior1 (Mesp1) siRNA was transfected in order to block its expression, and relevant downstream molecules were examined. Results Compared with the blank control and null vector control groups, the lncRNA-Bvht group presented a higher percentage of differentiated cells of the cardiogenic phenotype in vitro both under the normal condition and after hypoxia/re-oxygenation. There was an increased level of cTnT and α-SA, and cardiac-specific transcription factors including Nkx2.5, Gata4, Gata6, and Isl-1 were significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). Expressions of EMT-associated genes including Snail, Twist and N-cadherin were much higher (P < 0.01). Mesp1 exhibited a distinct augmentation following lncRNA-Bvht transfection. Expressions of relevant cardiac-specific transcription factors and EMT-associated genes all presented a converse alteration in the condition of Mesp1 inhibition prior to lncRNA-Bvht transfection. Conclusion lncRNA-Bvht could efficiently promote MSCs transdifferentation into cells with the cardiogenic phenotype in vitro. It might function via enhancing the expressions of cardiac-specific transcription factors and EMT-associated genes. Mesp1 could be a pivotal intermediary in the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Huibao Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Shaoxin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tianzhu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Quanhua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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139
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Pagano F, Angelini F, Siciliano C, Tasciotti J, Mangino G, De Falco E, Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Chimenti I. Beta2-adrenergic signaling affects the phenotype of human cardiac progenitor cells through EMT modulation. Pharmacol Res 2017; 127:41-48. [PMID: 28099883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) offer great promises to cardiac cell therapy for heart failure. Many in vivo studies have shown their therapeutic benefits, paving the way for clinical translation. The 3D model of cardiospheres (CSs) represents a unique niche-like in vitro microenvironment, which includes CPCs and supporting cells. CSs have been shown to form through a process mediated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). β2-Adrenergic signaling significantly affects stem/progenitor cells activation and mobilization in multiple tissues, and crosstalk between β2-adrenergic signaling and EMT processes has been reported. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the biological response of CSs to β2-adrenergic stimuli, focusing on EMT modulation in the 3D culture system of CSs. We treated human CSs and CS-derived cells (CDCs) with the β2-blocker butoxamine (BUT), using either untreated or β2 agonist (clenbuterol) treated CDCs as control. BUT-treated CS-forming cells displayed increased migration capacity and a significant increase in their CS-forming ability, consistently associated with increased expression of EMT-related genes, such as Snai1. Moreover, long-term BUT-treated CDCs contained a lower percentage of CD90+ cells, and this feature has been previously correlated with higher cardiogenic and therapeutic potential of the CDCs population. In addition, long-term BUT-treated CDCs had an increased ratio of collagen-III/collagen-I gene expression levels, and showed decreased release of inflammatory cytokines, overall supporting a less fibrosis-prone phenotype. In conclusion, β2 adrenergic receptor block positively affected the stemness vs commitment balance within CSs through the modulation of type1-EMT (so called "developmental"). These results further highlight type-1 EMT to be a key process affecting the features of resident cardiac progenitor cells, and mediating their response to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Julia Tasciotti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
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140
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Dulce RA, Kulandavelu S, Schulman IH, Fritsch J, Hare JM. Nitric Oxide Regulation of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Nitric Oxide 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804273-1.00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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141
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Exosomes Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells as Potential Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:187-206. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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142
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Arbatlı S, Aslan GS, Kocabaş F. Stem Cells in Regenerative Cardiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1079:37-53. [PMID: 29064067 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The common prevalence of heart failure and limitations in its treatment are leading cause of attention and interest towards the induction of cardiac regeneration with novel approaches. Recent studies provide growing evidence regarding bona fide cardiac regeneration post genetic manipulations, administration of stimulatory factors and myocardial injuries in animal models and human studies. To this end, stem cells of different sources have been tested to treat heart failure for the development of cellular therapies. Endogenous and exogenous stem cells sources used in regenerative cardiology have provided a proof of concept and applicability of cellular therapies in myocardial improvement. Recent clinical studies, especially, based on the endogenous cardiac progenitor and stem cells highlighted the possibility to regenerate lost cardiomyocytes in the myocardium. This review discusses emerging concepts in cardiac stem cell therapy, their sources and route of administration, and plausibility of de novo cardiomyocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Arbatlı
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Galip Servet Aslan
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabaş
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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143
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Therapeutic Potential of Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:221-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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144
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Isolation of an ES-Derived Cardiovascular Multipotent Cell Population Based on VE-Cadherin Promoter Activity. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8305624. [PMID: 28101109 PMCID: PMC5215608 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8305624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic Stem (ES) or induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells are important sources for cardiomyocyte generation, targeted for regenerative therapies. Several in vitro protocols are currently utilized for their differentiation, but the value of cell-based approaches remains unclear. Here, we characterized a cardiovascular progenitor population derived during ES differentiation, after selection based on VE-cadherin promoter (Pvec) activity. ESCs were genetically modified with an episomal vector, allowing the expression of puromycin resistance gene, under Pvec activity. Puromycin-surviving cells displayed cardiac and endothelial progenitor cells characteristics. Expansion and self-renewal of this cardiac and endothelial dual-progenitor population (CEDP) were achieved by Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. CEDPs express early cardiac developmental stage-specific markers but not markers of differentiated cardiomyocytes. Similarly, CEDPs express endothelial markers. However, CEDPs can undergo differentiation predominantly to cTnT+ (~47%) and VE-cadherin+ (~28%) cells. Transplantation of CEDPs in the left heart ventricle of adult rats showed that CEDPs-derived cells survive and differentiate in vivo for at least 14 days after transplantation. A novel, dual-progenitor population was isolated during ESCs differentiation, based on Pvec activity. This lineage can self-renew, permitting its maintenance as a source of cardiovascular progenitor cells and constitutes a useful source for regenerative approaches.
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145
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Pesl M, Pribyl J, Caluori G, Cmiel V, Acimovic I, Jelinkova S, Dvorak P, Starek Z, Skladal P, Rotrekl V. Phenotypic assays for analyses of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 27995655 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) hold great hopes for myocardium regeneration because of their ability to produce functional cardiac cells in large quantities. They also hold promise in dissecting the molecular principles involved in heart diseases and also in drug development, owing to their ability to model the diseases using patient-specific human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived CMs. The CM properties essential for the desired applications are frequently evaluated through morphologic and genotypic screenings. Even though these characterizations are necessary, they cannot in principle guarantee the CM functionality and their drug response. The CM functional characteristics can be quantified by phenotype assays, including electrophysiological, optical, and/or mechanical approaches implemented in the past decades, especially when used to investigate responses of the CMs to known stimuli (eg, adrenergic stimulation). Such methods can be used to indirectly determine the electrochemomechanics of the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, which determines important functional properties of the hPSC-derived CMs, such as their differentiation efficacy, their maturation level, and their functionality. In this work, we aim to systematically review the techniques and methodologies implemented in the phenotype characterization of hPSC-derived CMs. Further, we introduce a novel approach combining atomic force microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and external electrophysiology through microelectrode arrays. We demonstrate that this novel method can be used to gain unique information on the complex excitation-contraction coupling dynamics of the hPSC-derived CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pesl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pribyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guido Caluori
- ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Cmiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Acimovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Starek
- ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skladal
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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146
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Xiao C, Gao L, Hou Y, Xu C, Chang N, Wang F, Hu K, He A, Luo Y, Wang J, Peng J, Tang F, Zhu X, Xiong JW. Chromatin-remodelling factor Brg1 regulates myocardial proliferation and regeneration in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13787. [PMID: 27929112 PMCID: PMC5476829 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish possesses a remarkable capacity of adult heart regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report that chromatin remodelling factor Brg1 is essential for adult heart regeneration. Brg1 mRNA and protein are induced during heart regeneration. Transgenic over-expression of dominant-negative Xenopus Brg1 inhibits the formation of BrdU+/Mef2C+ and Tg(gata4:EGFP) cardiomyocytes, leading to severe cardiac fibrosis and compromised myocardial regeneration. RNA-seq and RNAscope analyses reveal that inhibition of Brg1 increases the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as cdkn1a and cdkn1c in the myocardium after ventricular resection; and accordingly, myocardial-specific expression of dn-xBrg1 blunts myocardial proliferation and regeneration. Mechanistically, injury-induced Brg1, via its interaction with Dnmt3ab, suppresses the expression of cdkn1c by increasing the methylation level of CpG sites at the cdkn1c promoter. Taken together, our results suggest that Brg1 promotes heart regeneration by repressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors partly through Dnmt3ab-dependent DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Congfei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nannan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keping Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Aibin He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100871, China
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147
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Moya IM, Halder G. The Hippo pathway in cellular reprogramming and regeneration of different organs. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 43:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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148
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Dixit P, Donnelly H, Edamatsu M, Galvin I, Bunton R, Katare R. Progenitor cells from atria, ventricle and peripheral blood of the same patients exhibit functional differences associated with cardiac repair. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:412-421. [PMID: 27875722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Deciding the best cell type for cardiac regeneration remains a big challenge. No studies have directly compared the functional efficacy of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) with extra-cardiac stem cells isolated from the same patient. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the functional characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), right atrial (RAA) CPCs and left ventricular (LV) CPCs isolated from the same patients (n=14). Within the same heart, RAA and LV CPCs exhibited marked differences in surface marker expression, with RAA CPCs exhibiting better expansion potential and migration properties. When subjected to hypoxia and serum starvation to simulate in vivo ischemic environment, RAA and LV CPCs exhibited similar pattern of resistance to apoptotic cell death under ischemia. Interestingly, EPCs exhibited highest resistance to apoptotic cell death, however, they also showed the lowest proliferation under hypoxia. RT-profiler array showed comparable gene expression pattern in RAA and LV CPCs, while they were differentially expressed in EPCs. Further, treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with conditioned medium (CM) from LV showed maximum angiogenic potential, while cardiomyocytes treated with CM from RAA showed greatest survival under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study provide the first evidence that progenitor cells from different regions exhibit functional differences within the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Dixit
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hayden Donnelly
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Midori Edamatsu
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ivor Galvin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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149
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Le TYL, Thavapalachandran S, Kizana E, Chong JJ. New Developments in Cardiac Regeneration. Heart Lung Circ 2016; 26:316-322. [PMID: 27916592 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pharmacological and device therapies have improved adverse cardiac remodelling and mortality in heart failure. However, none are able to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue. Stem cell based therapies using multipotent (adult) stem cells and pluripotent stem cells are new approaches that could potentially achieve the elusive goal of true cardiac regeneration. Over the past two decades, various stem cell based approaches have been shown to improve left ventricular function in pre-clinical animal models. Promising results rapidly led to clinical trials, initially using bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, then mesenchymal stromal cell populations and, more recently, progenitor cells from the adult heart itself. These have been shown to be safe and have advanced our understanding of potential suitable recipients, cell delivery routes, and possible mechanisms of action. However, efficacy in these trials has been inconsistent. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are another potential source of stem cells for cardiac regeneration. They could theoretically provide an unlimited source of cardiomyocytes or cardiac progenitors. Pre-clinical studies in both small and large animal models have shown robust engraftment and improvements in cardiac function. The first clinical trial using hPSC-derived cardiac derivatives has now commenced and others are imminent. In this brief review article, we summarise recent developments in stem cell therapies aimed at cardiac regeneration, including discussion of types of cell and non-cell-based strategies being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Yen Loan Le
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sujitha Thavapalachandran
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eddy Kizana
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Jh Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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150
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How to fix a broken heart: Cardiac disease and the ‘multiverse’ of stem cell research in Canada. BIOSOCIETIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1057/biosoc.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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