101
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Burgahn T, Pietrek P, Dittmeyer R, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Evaluation of a Microreactor for Flow Biocatalysis by Combined Theory and Experiment. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Burgahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Philip Pietrek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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102
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Baumer B, Classen T, Pohl M, Pietruszka J. Efficient Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate [NADP(H)] Recycling in Closed‐Loop Continuous Flow Biocatalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Baumer
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf imForschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 D-52426 Jülich Germany
| | - Thomas Classen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Biotechnologie)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52456 Jülich Germany
| | - Martina Pohl
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Biotechnologie)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52456 Jülich Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf imForschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 D-52426 Jülich Germany
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Biotechnologie)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D-52456 Jülich Germany
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103
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Sheldon RA, Brady D, Bode ML. The Hitchhiker's guide to biocatalysis: recent advances in the use of enzymes in organic synthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2587-2605. [PMID: 32206264 PMCID: PMC7069372 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This perspective is primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists with limited experience using enzymes and provides a general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, with particular focus on recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
| | - Moira L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
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104
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Tamborini L, Previtali C, Annunziata F, Bavaro T, Terreni M, Calleri E, Rinaldi F, Pinto A, Speranza G, Ubiali D, Conti P. An Enzymatic Flow-Based Preparative Route to Vidarabine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051223. [PMID: 32182773 PMCID: PMC7179437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bi-enzymatic synthesis of the antiviral drug vidarabine (arabinosyladenine, ara-A), catalyzed by uridine phosphorylase from Clostridium perfringens (CpUP) and a purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila (AhPNP), was re-designed under continuous-flow conditions. Glyoxyl–agarose and EziGTM1 (Opal) were used as immobilization carriers for carrying out this preparative biotransformation. Upon setting-up reaction parameters (substrate concentration and molar ratio, temperature, pressure, residence time), 1 g of vidarabine was obtained in 55% isolated yield and >99% purity by simply running the flow reactor for 1 week and then collecting (by filtration) the nucleoside precipitated out of the exiting flow. Taking into account the substrate specificity of CpUP and AhPNP, the results obtained pave the way to the use of the CpUP/AhPNP-based bioreactor for the preparation of other purine nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.P.); (F.A.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (D.U.); Tel.: +39-02-50319367 (L.T.); +39-0382-987889 (D.U.)
| | - Clelia Previtali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.P.); (F.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.P.); (F.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.B.); (M.T.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.B.); (M.T.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.B.); (M.T.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.B.); (M.T.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.B.); (M.T.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (D.U.); Tel.: +39-02-50319367 (L.T.); +39-0382-987889 (D.U.)
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.P.); (F.A.); (P.C.)
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105
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Wong JX, Ogura K, Chen S, Rehm BHA. Bioengineered Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Immobilized Enzyme Scaffolds for Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:156. [PMID: 32195237 PMCID: PMC7064635 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes function as biocatalysts and are extensively exploited in industrial applications. Immobilization of enzymes using support materials has been shown to improve enzyme properties, including stability and functionality in extreme conditions and recyclability in biocatalytic processing. This review focuses on the recent advances utilizing the design space of in vivo self-assembled polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) particles as biocatalyst immobilization scaffolds. Self-assembly of biologically active enzyme-coated PHA particles is a one-step in vivo production process, which avoids the costly and laborious in vitro chemical cross-linking of purified enzymes to separately produced support materials. The homogeneous orientation of enzymes densely coating PHA particles enhances the accessibility of catalytic sites, improving enzyme function. The PHA particle technology has been developed into a remarkable scaffolding platform for the design of cost-effective designer biocatalysts amenable toward robust industrial bioprocessing. In this review, the PHA particle technology will be compared to other biological supramolecular assembly-based technologies suitable for in vivo enzyme immobilization. Recent progress in the fabrication of biological particulate scaffolds using enzymes of industrial interest will be summarized. Additionally, we outline innovative approaches to overcome limitations of in vivo assembled PHA particles to enable fine-tuned immobilization of multiple enzymes to enhance performance in multi-step cascade reactions, such as those used in continuous flow bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang Wong
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kampachiro Ogura
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, Australia
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106
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107
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Ruzic L, Bolivar JM, Nidetzky B. Glycosynthase reaction meets the flow: Continuous synthesis of lacto-N-triose II by engineered β-hexosaminidase immobilized on solid support. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1597-1602. [PMID: 32017022 PMCID: PMC7187300 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The D746E variant of Bifidobacterium bifidum β‐N‐acetyl‐hexosaminidase is a promising glycosynthase (engineered glycosidase deficient in hydrolase activity) for the synthesis of lacto‐N‐triose II (LNT II), a core structural unit of human milk oligosaccharides. Here, we develop a flow process for the glycosynthase reaction, which is the regioselective β‐1,3‐glycosylation of lactose from a d‐glucosamine 1,2‐oxazoline donor. Using the glycosynthase immobilized on agarose beads (∼30 mg/g) packed into a fixed bed (1 ml), we show stable continuous production of LNT II (145–200 mM) at quantitative yield from the donor substrate. The wild‐type β‐N‐acetyl‐hexosaminidase used under exactly comparable conditions gives primarily (∼85%) the hydrolysis product d‐glucosamine. By enabling short residence times (2 min) that are challenging for mixed‐vessel types of reactor to establish, the glycosynthase flow reactor succeeds in an effective uncoupling of the LNT II formation (∼80–100 mM/min) from the slower side reactions (decomposition of donor substrate, enzymatic hydrolysis of LNT II) to obtain optimum synthetic efficiency. Our study thus provides a strong case for the application of flow chemistry principles to glycosynthase reactions and by that, it reveals the important synergy between enzyme and reaction engineering for biocatalytic synthesis of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Ruzic
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.,Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
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108
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Pishbin E, Kazemzadeh A, Chimerad M, Asiaei S, Navidbakhsh M, Russom A. Frequency dependent multiphase flows on centrifugal microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:514-524. [PMID: 31898702 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous flow of gas and liquids in large scale conduits is an established approach to enhance the performance of different working systems under critical conditions. On the microscale, the use of gas-liquid flows is challenging due to the dominance of surface tension forces. Here, we present a technique to generate common gas-liquid flows on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. It consists of a spiral microchannel and specific micro features that allow for temporal and local control of stratified and slug flow regimes. We investigate several critical parameters that induce different gas-liquid flows and cause the transition between stratified and slug flows. We have analytically derived formulations that are compared with our experimental results to deliver a general guideline for designing specific gas-liquid flows. As an application of the gas-liquid flows in enhancing microfluidic systems' performance, we show the acceleration of the cell growth of E. coli bacteria in comparison to traditional culturing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Pishbin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Kazemzadeh
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mohammadreza Chimerad
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Asiaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Navidbakhsh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aman Russom
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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109
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Semproli R, Vaccaro G, Ferrandi EE, Vanoni M, Bavaro T, Marrubini G, Annunziata F, Conti P, Speranza G, Monti D, Tamborini L, Ubiali D. Use of Immobilized Amine Transaminase from
Vibrio fluvialis
under Flow Conditions for the Synthesis of (
S
)‐1‐(5‐Fluoropyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐ethanamine. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Semproli
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 Pavia I-27100 Italy
| | - Gianmarco Vaccaro
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 Pavia I-27100 Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 Milano I-20133 Italy
| | - Erica E. Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) - CNR Via Bianco 9 Milano I-20131 Italy
| | - Marta Vanoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) - CNR Via Bianco 9 Milano I-20131 Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 Pavia I-27100 Italy
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 Pavia I-27100 Italy
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 Milano I-20133 Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 Milano I-20133 Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Milano Via Golgi 19 Milano I-20133 Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) - CNR Via Bianco 9 Milano I-20131 Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 Milano I-20133 Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 Pavia I-27100 Italy
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110
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Woodley JM. Advances in biological conversion technologies: new opportunities for reaction engineering. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction engineering needs to embrace biological conversion technologies, on the road to identify more sustainable routes for chemical manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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111
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Abstract
Flow microreactors are emergent engineering tools for the development of continuous biocatalytic transformations. Exploiting enzymes in continuous mode requires their retention for multiple rounds of conversions. To achieve this goal, immobilizing the enzymes on microchannel walls is a promising approach. However, protein immobilization within closed structures is difficult. Here, we describe a methodology based on the confluent design of enzyme and microreactor; fusion to the silica-binding module Zbasic2 is used to engineer enzymes for high-affinity-oriented attachment to the plain wall surface of glass microchannels. As a practical case, the methodology is described using a sucrose phosphorylase; the assayed reaction is synthesis of α-D-glucose 1-phosphate (αGlc 1-P) from sucrose and phosphate using the immobilized enzyme microreactor. Procedures of enzyme immobilization, reactor characterization, and operation are described. The methodology is applicable for any other enzymes fused to Zbasic2 and silica (glass)-based microfluidic reactors.
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112
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De Santis P, Meyer LE, Kara S. The rise of continuous flow biocatalysis – fundamentals, very recent developments and future perspectives. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Very recent developments in the field of biocatalysis in continuously operated systems. Special attention on the future perspectives in this key emerging technological area ranging from process analytical technologies to digitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera De Santis
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Lars-Erik Meyer
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
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113
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Zhu Y, Chen Q, Shao L, Jia Y, Zhang X. Microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactors for continuous biocatalysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates strategies for employing μ-IMERs for continuous biocatalysis via a top-down approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Qingming Chen
- Department of Applied Physics
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Liyang Shao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI
- Institute of Microelectronics
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute
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114
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Mařík K, Tichá L, Vobecká L, Přibyl M. Theoretical study on enzyme synthesis of cephalexin in a parallel-flow microreactor combined with electrically driven ATPS microextraction. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model of a microfluidic device with two aqueous phases for the simultaneous cephalexin production and its separation from a reaction mixture was developed. The model anticipates the continuous cephalexin synthesis and enzyme recyclation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Mařík
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- 166 28 Praha 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Linda Tichá
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- 166 28 Praha 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vobecká
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- 166 28 Praha 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Přibyl
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- 166 28 Praha 6
- Czech Republic
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115
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Chivers PRA, Kelly JA, Hill MJS, Smith DK. First-generation shaped gel reactors based on photo-patterned hybrid hydrogels. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of first-generation photo-patterned ring-shaped gel reactors that catalyse the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenol phosphate using a phosphatase enzyme.
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116
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Deshwal A, Chitra H, Maity M, Pal SK, Maiti S. Sucrose-mediated heat-stiffening microemulsion-based gel for enzyme entrapment and catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10698-10701. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04294c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Formation of a thermo-stiffening microemulsion-based-gel showing the nanoconfinement effect of carbohydrates as an efficient batch bioreactor for entrapped enzymes has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Deshwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Knowledge City
- India
| | - Himanshu Chitra
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Knowledge City
- India
| | - Madhusudan Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Knowledge City
- India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Knowledge City
- India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Knowledge City
- India
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117
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Haque RU, Paradisi F, Allers T. Haloferax volcanii for biotechnology applications: challenges, current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1371-1382. [PMID: 31863144 PMCID: PMC6985049 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Haloferax volcanii is an obligate halophilic archaeon with its origin in the Dead Sea. Simple laboratory culture conditions and a wide range of genetic tools have made it a model organism for studying haloarchaeal cell biology. Halophilic enzymes of potential interest to biotechnology have opened up the application of this organism in biocatalysis, bioremediation, nanobiotechnology, bioplastics and the biofuel industry. Functionally active halophilic proteins can be easily expressed in a halophilic environment, and an extensive genetic toolkit with options for regulated protein overexpression has allowed the purification of biotechnologically important enzymes from different halophiles in H. volcanii. However, corrosion mediated damage caused to stainless-steel bioreactors by high salt concentrations and a tendency to form biofilms when cultured in high volume are some of the challenges of applying H. volcanii in biotechnology. The ability to employ expressed active proteins in immobilized cells within a porous biocompatible matrix offers new avenues for exploiting H. volcanii in biotechnology. This review critically evaluates the various application potentials, challenges and toolkits available for using this extreme halophilic organism in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Haque
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - F Paradisi
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Allers
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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118
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Romero-Fernández M, Paradisi F. Protein immobilization technology for flow biocatalysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 55:1-8. [PMID: 31865258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic immobilization has been at the forefront of applied biocatalysis as it enables convenient isolation and reuse of the catalyst if the target reaction is conducted in batch, and it has opened up significant opportunities to conduct biocatalysis in continuous mode. Over the last few years, an array of techniques to immobilize enzymes have been developed, spanning from covalent multipoint attachment to noncovalent electrostatic strategies to rational architecture to suitably orient the enzyme(s). In addition, new materials have been adapted to support biological catalysts. Here, we discuss the advances of the last two years in enzyme immobilization for continuous flow applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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119
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Mittmann E, Gallus S, Bitterwolf P, Oelschlaeger C, Willenbacher N, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS. A Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase-Based All-Enzyme Hydrogel for Flow Reactor Technology. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E795. [PMID: 31757029 PMCID: PMC6953023 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-free enzyme immobilization techniques are an important development in the field of efficient and streamlined continuous synthetic processes using microreactors. Here, the use of monolithic, self-assembling all-enzyme hydrogels is expanded to phenolic acid decarboxylases. This provides access to the continuous flow production of p-hydroxystyrene from p-coumaric acid for more than 10 h with conversions ≥98% and space time yields of 57.7 g·(d·L)-1. Furthermore, modulation of the degree of crosslinking in the hydrogels resulted in a defined variation of the rheological behavior in terms of elasticity and mesh size of the corresponding materials. This work is addressing the demand of sustainable strategies for defunctionalization of renewable feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mittmann
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Sabrina Gallus
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Patrick Bitterwolf
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Claude Oelschlaeger
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.O.); (N.W.)
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.O.); (N.W.)
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (E.M.); (S.G.); (P.B.); (C.M.N.)
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Adebar N, Gröger H. Flow Process for Ketone Reduction Using a Superabsorber-Immobilized Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis in a Packed-Bed Reactor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6040099. [PMID: 31653007 PMCID: PMC6956264 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow processes and enzyme immobilization have gained much attention over the past few years in the field of biocatalytic process design. Downstream processes and enzyme stability can be immensely simplified and improved. In this work, we report the utilization of polymer network-entrapped enzymes and their applicability in flow processes. We focused on the superabsorber-based immobilization of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Lactobacillus brevis and its application for a reduction of acetophenone. The applicability of this immobilization technique for a biotransformation running in a packed bed reactor was then demonstrated. Towards this end, the immobilized system was intensively studied, first in a batch mode, leading to >90% conversion within 24 h under optimized conditions. A subsequent transfer of this method into a flow process was conducted, resulting in very high initial conversions of up to 67% in such a continuously running process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Adebar
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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121
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Considerations when Measuring Biocatalyst Performance. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193573. [PMID: 31623317 PMCID: PMC6804192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As biocatalysis matures, it becomes increasingly important to establish methods with which to measure biocatalyst performance. Such measurements are important to assess immobilization strategies, different operating modes, and reactor configurations, aside from comparing protein engineered variants and benchmarking against economic targets. While conventional measurement techniques focus on a single performance metric (such as the total turnover number), here, it is argued that three metrics (achievable product concentration, productivity, and enzyme stability) are required for an accurate assessment of scalability.
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122
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Hartley CJ, Williams CC, Scoble JA, Churches QI, North A, French NG, Nebl T, Coia G, Warden AC, Simpson G, Frazer AR, Jensen CN, Turner NJ, Scott C. Engineered enzymes that retain and regenerate their cofactors enable continuous-flow biocatalysis. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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123
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Adebar N, Choi JE, Schober L, Miyake R, Iura T, Kawabata H, Gröger H. Overcoming Work‐Up Limitations of Biphasic Biocatalytic Reaction Mixtures Through Liquid‐Liquid Segmented Flow Processes. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Adebar
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Lukas Schober
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Ryoma Miyake
- Science & Innovation CenterMitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku Yokohama 227-8502 Japan
| | - Takanobu Iura
- Science & Innovation CenterMitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku Yokohama 227-8502 Japan
- API Corporation 13-4 Uchikanda 1-chome Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0047 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- Science & Innovation CenterMitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku Yokohama 227-8502 Japan
- API Corporation 13-4 Uchikanda 1-chome Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0047 Japan
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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125
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Contente ML, Paradisi F. Transaminase‐Catalyzed Continuous Synthesis of Biogenic Aldehydes. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2830-2833. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina L. Contente
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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126
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Sheldon RA, Brady D. Broadening the Scope of Biocatalysis in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2859-2881. [PMID: 30938093 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This Review is aimed at synthetic organic chemists who may be familiar with organometallic catalysis but have no experience with biocatalysis, and seeks to provide an answer to the perennial question: if it is so attractive, why wasn't it extensively used in the past? The development of biocatalysis in industrial organic synthesis is traced from the middle of the last century. Advances in molecular biology in the last two decades, in particular genome sequencing, gene synthesis and directed evolution of proteins, have enabled remarkable improvements in scope and substantially reduced biocatalyst development times and cost contributions. Additionally, improvements in biocatalyst recovery and reuse have been facilitated by developments in enzyme immobilization technologies. Biocatalysis has become eminently competitive with chemocatalysis and the biocatalytic production of important pharmaceutical intermediates, such as enantiopure alcohols and amines, has become mainstream organic synthesis. The synthetic space of biocatalysis has significantly expanded and is currently being extended even further to include new-to-nature biocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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127
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Perdomo IC, Gianolio S, Pinto A, Romano D, Contente ML, Paradisi F, Molinari F. Efficient Enzymatic Preparation of Flavor Esters in Water. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6517-6522. [PMID: 31099247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward biocatalytic method for the enzymatic preparation of different flavor esters starting from primary alcohols (e.g., isoamyl, n-hexyl, geranyl, cinnamyl, 2-phenethyl, and benzyl alcohols) and naturally available ethyl esters (e.g., formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate) was developed. The biotransformations are catalyzed by an acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) and proceeded with excellent yields (80-97%) and short reaction times (30-120 min), even when high substrate concentrations (up to 0.5 M) were used. This enzymatic strategy represents an efficient alternative to the application of lipases in organic solvents and a significant improvement compared with already known methods in terms of reduced use of organic solvents, paving the way to sustainable and efficient preparation of natural flavoring agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Chiarelli Perdomo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Stefania Gianolio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
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128
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Guajardo N, Domínguez de María P. Continuous Biocatalysis in Environmentally‐Friendly Media: A Triple Synergy for Future Sustainable Processes. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Guajardo
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e InnovaciónUniversidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Ignacio Valdivieso 2409 San Joaquín, Santiago Chile
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129
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Foley AM, Maguire AR. The Impact of Recent Developments in Technologies which Enable the Increased Use of Biocatalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Foley
- School of Chemistry; Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry & School of Pharmacy; Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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130
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Žnidaršič‐Plazl P. The Promises and the Challenges of Biotransformations in Microflow. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800580. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polona Žnidaršič‐Plazl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologyUniversity of LjubljanaVečna pot 113, SI‐1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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131
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Yao X, Deng Q, Wang S, Wang W, Hou YI, Gao Z, Wu Y, Guo Z. Acetone Iodination Kinetics in Flow with Online UV Monitoring and Continuous Control. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Qiulin Deng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong Road Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - YIxin Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yingshuang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Zengjing Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University No1 Huhan Road Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
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132
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Accelerating the implementation of biocatalysis in industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4733-4739. [PMID: 31049622 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in protein engineering, complemented by bioprocess engineering, the revolution awaiting the application of biocatalysis in the fine chemical industry has still not been fully realized. In order to achieve that, further research is required on several topics, including (1) rapid methods for protein engineering using machine learning, (2) mathematical modelling of multi-enzyme cascade processes, (3) process standardization, (4) continuous process technology, (5) methods to identify improvements required to achieve industrial implementation, (6) downstream processing, (7) enzyme stability modelling and prediction, as well as (8) new reactor technology. In this brief mini-review, the status of each of these topics will be briefly discussed.
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133
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Kelefiotis-Stratidakis P, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Pavlidis IV. The challenge of using isopropylamine as an amine donor in transaminase catalysed reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1634-1642. [PMID: 30394478 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02342e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amine transaminases (ATAs) propose an appealing alternative to transition metal catalysts as they can provide chiral amines of high purity from pro-chiral compounds by asymmetric synthesis. Industrial interest on ATAs arises from the fact that chiral amines are present in a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical and other high value-added chiral compounds and building blocks. Despite their potential as useful synthetic tools, several drawbacks such as challenges associated with the thermodynamic equilibrium can still impede their utilization. Several methods have been developed to displace the equilibrium, such as the use of alanine as an amine donor and the subsequent removal of pyruvate with a two-enzyme system, or the use of o-xylylene diamine. To date, the preferred amine donor remains isopropylamine (IPA), as the produced acetone can be removed easily under low pressure or slight heating, without complicating the process with other enzymes. Despite its small size, IPA is not widely accepted from wild-type ATAs, and this fact compromises its wide applicability. Herein, we index the reported biocatalytic aminations with IPA, comparing the sequences, while we discuss significant parameters of the process, such as the effect of temperature and pH, as well as the protein engineering and process development advances in the field. This information is expected to provide an insight for potential designs of tailor-made ATAs and IPA processes.
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134
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Haque RU, Paradisi F, Allers T. Haloferax volcanii as immobilised whole cell biocatalyst: new applications for halophilic systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3807-3817. [PMID: 30877354 PMCID: PMC6469819 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds is a 'green' alternative to traditional synthetic chemistry, and microbial engineering opens up the possibility of using whole cells as mini-factories. Whole-cell biocatalysis reduces cost by eliminating expensive enzyme purification and cofactor addition steps, as well as resulting in increased enzyme stability. Haloferax volcanii is a model halophilic archaeon encoding highly salt and organic solvent tolerant enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (HvADH2), which catalyses the reduction of aldehydes and ketone in the presence of NADPH/NADH cofactor. A H. volcanii strain for constitutive HvADH2 expression was generated using a strong synthetic promoter (p.syn). The strain was immobilised in calcium alginate beads and repeatedly used as a whole-cell biocatalyst. The reduction of acetophenone, used as test substrate, was very successful and high yields were detected from immobilised whole cells over repeated biotransformation cycles. The immobilised H. volcanii retained stability and high product yields after 1 month of storage at room temperature. This newly developed system offers halophilic enzyme expression in its native environment, high product yield, stability and reusability without the addition of any expensive NADPH/NADH cofactor. This is the first report of whole cell-mediated biocatalysis by the halophilic archaeon H. volcanii.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Haque
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - F Paradisi
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - T Allers
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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135
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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136
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Abstract
Enzyme catalyzed reactions are rapidly becoming an invaluable tool for the synthesis of many active pharmaceutical ingredients. These reactions are commonly performed in batch, but continuous biocatalysis is gaining interest in industry because it would allow seamless integration of chemical and enzymatic reaction steps. However, because this is an emerging field, little attention has been paid towards the suitability of different reactor types for continuous biocatalytic reactions. Two types of continuous flow reactor are possible: continuous stirred tank and continuous plug-flow. These reactor types differ in a number of ways, but in this contribution, we focus on residence time distribution and how enzyme kinetics are affected by the unique mass balance of each reactor. For the first time, we present a tool to facilitate reactor selection for continuous biocatalytic production of pharmaceuticals. From this analysis, it was found that plug-flow reactors should generally be the system of choice. However, there are particular cases where they may need to be coupled with a continuous stirred tank reactor or replaced entirely by a series of continuous stirred tank reactors, which can approximate plug-flow behavior. This systematic approach should accelerate the implementation of biocatalysis for continuous pharmaceutical production.
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137
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Corti M, Rinaldi F, Monti D, Ferrandi EE, Marrubini G, Temporini C, Tripodo G, Kupfer T, Conti P, Terreni M, Massolini G, Calleri E. Development of an integrated chromatographic system for ω-transaminase-IMER characterization useful for flow-chemistry applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:260-268. [PMID: 30884324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An integrated chromatographic system was developed to rapidly investigate the biocatalytic properties of ω-transaminases useful for the synthesis of chiral amines. ATA-117, an (R)-selective ω-transaminase was selected as a proof of concept. The enzyme was purified and covalently immobilized on an epoxy monolithic silica support to create an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER). Reactor efficiency was evaluated in the conversion of a model substrate. The IMER was coupled through a switching valve to an achiral analytical column for separation and quantitation of the transamination products. The best conditions of the transaminase-catalyzed bioconversion were optimized by a design of experiments (DoE) approach. The production of (R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine and (R)-1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine, intermediates for the synthesis of the bronchodilator formoterol and the antihypertensive dilevalol respectively, was achieved in the presence of different amino donors. The enantiomeric excess (ee) was determined off-line by developing a derivatization procedure using Nα-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-L-alaninamide reagent. The most satisfactory conversion yields were 60% for (R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine and 29% for (R)-1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine, using isopropylamine as amino donor. The enantiomeric excess of the reactions were 84%R and 99%R, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - F Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - D Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via M. Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - E E Ferrandi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via M. Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - G Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - G Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - T Kupfer
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Terreni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - G Massolini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - E Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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138
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Baumann M. Integrating continuous flow synthesis with in-line analysis and data generation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5946-5954. [PMID: 30062354 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow synthesis of fine chemicals has successfully advanced from an academic niche area to a rapidly growing field of its own that directly impacts developments and applications in industrial settings. Whilst the numerous advantages of flow over batch processing are widely recognised and have led to a wider uptake of continuous flow synthesis within the community, we have reached a point where continuous flow synthesis has to transition from a stand-alone enabling technology to a readily integrated synthesis concept. Thus it is paramount to embrace a multitude of in-line analysis and purification techniques to not only allow for efficiently telescoped multi-step sequences but ultimately generate bioactivity data concomitantly on newly synthesised entities. This short review summarises the state of the art in this field and presents both challenges and opportunities that arise from this ambitious endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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139
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Abstract
Hydrolytic enantioselective cleavage of different racemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ester derivatives has been studied. An engineered esterase form Bacillus subtilis (BS2m) significantly outperformed homologous enzymes from Halomonas elongata (HeE) and Bacillus coagulants (BCE) in the enantioselective hydrolysis of naproxen esters. Structural analysis of the three active sites highlighted key differences which explained the substrate preference. Immobilization of a chimeric BS2m-T4 lysozyme fusion (BS2mT4L1) was improved by resin screening achieving twice the recovered activity (22.1 ± 5 U/g) with respect to what had been previously reported, and was utilized in a packed bed reactor. Continuous hydrolysis of α-methyl benzene acetic acid butyl ester as a model substrate was easily achieved, albeit at low concentration (1 mM). However, the high degree of insolubility of the naproxen butyl ester resulted in a slurry which could not be efficiently bioconverted, despite the addition of co-solvents and lower substrate concentration (1 mM). Addition of Triton® X-100 to the substrate mix yielded 24% molar conversion and 80% e.e. at a 5 mM scale with 5 min residence time and sufficient retention of catalytic efficiency after 6 h of use.
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140
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Preparing β-blocker (R)-Nifenalol based on enantioconvergent synthesis of (R)-p-nitrophenylglycols in continuous packed bed reactor with epoxide hydrolase. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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141
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Bioprocess Intensification Using Flow Reactors: Stereoselective Oxidation of Achiral 1,3-diols with Immobilized Acetobacter Aceti. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched 2-hydroxymethylalkanoic acids were prepared by oxidative desymmetrisation of achiral 1,3-diols using immobilized cells of Acetobacter aceti in water at 28 °C. The biotransformations were first performed in batch mode with cells immobilized in dry alginate, furnishing the desired products with high molar conversion and reaction times ranging from 2 to 6 h. The biocatalytic process was intensified using a multiphasic flow reactor, where a segmented gas–liquid flow regime was applied for achieving an efficient O2-liquid transfer; the continuous flow systems allowed for high yields and high biocatalyst productivity.
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142
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Zhang P, Sun D, Cho A, Weon S, Lee S, Lee J, Han JW, Kim DP, Choi W. Modified carbon nitride nanozyme as bifunctional glucose oxidase-peroxidase for metal-free bioinspired cascade photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:940. [PMID: 30808912 PMCID: PMC6391499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials-based biomimetic catalysts with multiple functions are necessary to address challenges in artificial enzymes mimicking physiological processes. Here we report a metal-free nanozyme of modified graphitic carbon nitride and demonstrate its bifunctional enzyme-mimicking roles. With oxidase mimicking, hydrogen peroxide is generated from the coupled photocatalysis of glucose oxidation and dioxygen reduction under visible-light irradiation with a near 100% apparent quantum efficiency. Then, the in situ generated hydrogen peroxide serves for the subsequent peroxidase-mimicking reaction that oxidises a chromogenic substrate on the same catalysts in dark to complete the bifunctional oxidase-peroxidase for biomimetic detection of glucose. The bifunctional cascade catalysis is successfully demonstrated in microfluidics for the real-time colorimetric detection of glucose with a low detection limit of 0.8 μM within 30 s. The artificial nanozymes with physiological functions provide the feasible strategies for mimicking the natural enzymes and realizing the biomedical diagnostics with a smart and miniature device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dengrong Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Weon
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Seonggyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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143
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Abstract
Maximizing space–time yields (STY) of biocatalytic flow processes is essential for the establishment of a circular biobased economy. We present a comparative study in which different biocatalytic flow reactor concepts were tested with the same enzyme, the (R)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH), that was used for stereoselective reduction of 5-nitrononane-2,8-dione. The LbADH contained a genetically encoded streptavidin (STV)-binding peptide to enable self-immobilization on STV-coated surfaces. The purified enzyme was immobilized by physisorption or chemisorption as monolayers on the flow channel walls, on magnetic microbeads in a packed-bed format, or as self-assembled all-enzyme hydrogels. Moreover, a multilayer biofilm with cytosolic-expressed LbADH served as a whole-cell biocatalyst. To enable cross-platform comparison, STY values were determined for the various reactor modules. While mono- and multilayer coatings of the reactor surface led to STY < 10, higher productivity was achieved with packed-bed reactors (STY ≈ 100) and the densely packed hydrogels (STY > 450). The latter modules could be operated for prolonged times (>6 days). Given that our approach should be transferable to other enzymes, we anticipate that compartmentalized microfluidic reaction modules equipped with self-immobilizing biocatalysts would be of great utility for numerous biocatalytic and even chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions under continuous flow conditions.
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144
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Guajardo N, Schrebler RA, Domínguez de María P. From batch to fed-batch and to continuous packed-bed reactors: Lipase-catalyzed esterifications in low viscous deep-eutectic-solvents with buffer as cosolvent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:320-325. [PMID: 30448684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work explores for the first time the use of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) with phosphate buffer 100 mM pH 7 as cosolvent (10% v/v) in biocatalytic reactions in fed-batch and packed-bed bioreactors. The lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol and benzoic acid is studied, as it involves two substrates with different polarities (for which DES are needed). In the fed-batch bioreactor, the highest conversion (90%) was obtained at a substrate flow rate of 0.01 mL/min. The fed-batch operation increased the conversion by 59% compared to the batch mode. Regarding productivity, semi-continuous and continuous bioreactors showed analogous results. Upon recirculation of the reaction media in the continuous bioreactor, a conversion of 67% was achieved in 7 cycles of operation. The stability of the biocatalyst in the packed-bed bioreactor decreased only 2% in 10 days, demonstrating the attractiveness that low viscous DES-water mixtures with continuous processes may have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Guajardo
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL. Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Is, Spain
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145
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Bolivar JM, Mannsberger A, Thomsen MS, Tekautz G, Nidetzky B. Process intensification for O 2 -dependent enzymatic transformations in continuous single-phase pressurized flow. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:503-514. [PMID: 30512199 PMCID: PMC6590253 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative O2 -dependent biotransformations are promising for chemical synthesis, but their development to an efficiency required in fine chemical manufacturing has proven difficult. General problem for process engineering of these systems is that thermodynamic and kinetic limitations on supplying O2 to the enzymatic reaction combine to create a complex bottleneck on conversion efficiency. We show here that continuous-flow microreactor technology offers a comprehensive solution. It does so by expanding the process window to the medium pressure range (here, ≤34 bar) and thus enables biotransformations to be conducted in a single liquid phase at boosted concentrations of the dissolved O2 (here, up to 43 mM). We take reactions of glucose oxidase and d-amino acid oxidase as exemplary cases to demonstrate that the pressurized microreactor presents a powerful engineering tool uniquely apt to overcome restrictions inherent to the individual O2 -dependent transformation considered. Using soluble enzymes in liquid flow, we show reaction rate enhancement (up to six-fold) due to the effect of elevated O2 concentrations on the oxidase kinetics. When additional catalase was used to recycle dissolved O2 from the H2 O2 released in the oxidase reaction, product formation was doubled compared to the O2 supplied, in the absence of transfer from a gas phase. A packed-bed reactor containing oxidase and catalase coimmobilized on porous beads was implemented to demonstrate catalyst recyclability and operational stability during continuous high-pressure conversion. Product concentrations of up to 80 mM were obtained at low residence times (1-4 min). Up to 360 reactor cycles were performed at constant product release and near-theoretical utilization of the O2 supplied. Therefore, we show that the pressurized microreactor is practical embodiment of a general reaction-engineering concept for process intensification in enzymatic conversions requiring O2 as the cosubstrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Mannsberger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Günter Tekautz
- Microinnova Engineering GmbH, Allerheiligen bei Wildon, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
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146
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Obst F, Simon D, Mehner PJ, Neubauer JW, Beck A, Stroyuk O, Richter A, Voit B, Appelhans D. One-step photostructuring of multiple hydrogel arrays for compartmentalized enzyme reactions in microfluidic devices. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00349e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A moulding technique is presented for the simultaneous photostructuring on the μm scale of hydrogels with nanomaterials on one substrate, usable for the fabrication of microfluidic double-chamber reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Obst
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Organische Chemie der Polymere
| | - David Simon
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Organische Chemie der Polymere
| | - Philipp J. Mehner
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Jens W. Neubauer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Anthony Beck
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Physikalische Chemie
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Organische Chemie der Polymere
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
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147
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Fang Z, Yang Y, Gu J, Yang Z, Dai F, Zheng H, He W, Liu C, Zhu N, Guo K. Synthesis and scale-up of water-soluble quaternary cationic monomers in a continuous flow system. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, power-saving and effective method for the synthesis and scale-up of cationic water-soluble polyelectrolytes represented by dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) with commercially available reagents in a two-step continuous flow system has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jiajia Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhao Yang
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Feiyang Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Haoliang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- Faculty of Chemistry
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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148
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van der Helm MP, Bracco P, Busch H, Szymańska K, Jarzębski AB, Hanefeld U. Hydroxynitrile lyases covalently immobilized in continuous flow microreactors. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are supreme catalysts when it comes to high enantiopurities and their immobilization will pave the way for continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Bracco
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Busch
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Andrzej B. Jarzębski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design
- Silesian University of Technology
- 44-100 Gliwice
- Poland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2629HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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149
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Thompson MP, Peñafiel I, Cosgrove SC, Turner NJ. Biocatalysis Using Immobilized Enzymes in Continuous Flow for the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Thompson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Itziar Peñafiel
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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150
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Baker Dockrey SA, Doyon TJ, Perkins JC, Narayan ARH. Whole-cell biocatalysis platform for gram-scale oxidative dearomatization of phenols. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:1207-1213. [PMID: 30485666 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Technologies enabling new enzyme discovery and efficient protein engineering have spurred intense interest in the development of biocatalytic reactions. In recent years, whole-cell biocatalysis has received attention as a simple, efficient, and scalable biocatalytic reaction platform. Inspired by these developments, we have established a whole-cell protocol for oxidative dearomatization of phenols using the flavin-dependent monooxygenase, TropB. This approach provides a scalable biocatalytic platform for accessing gram-scale quantities of chiral synthetic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer A Baker Dockrey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tyler J Doyon
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan C Perkins
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alison R H Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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