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Pang Y, Huang W, Luo XS, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Tang M, Hong Y, Chen J, Li H. In-vitro human lung cell injuries induced by urban PM 2.5 during a severe air pollution episode: Variations associated with particle components. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111406. [PMID: 33007542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental air pollutants pose significant threats to public health, especially the toxicity and diseases caused by the atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5). Since the health risks vary with both the concentrations and compositions of PM2.5 which are determined by aerosol sources, how are their toxic effects relevant to the pollution level becomes an important issue, such as the haze episodes covering clean and polluted days. With the transition from non-pollution to pollution stage, daily PM2.5 samples were collected from both the urban and industrial areas of Nanjing city, eastern China, covering a typical haze event in autumn-winter. Their unpropitious effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549) were compared by in vitro toxicity assays and chemical component analysis. Both air levels and cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 varied with the transition of haze event. Although the concentration of PM2.5 in air is of course the highest in pollution stage driven by local stable meteorological condition, unit mass of them posed higher toxicity (lower cell viability and higher IL-6) but induced lower cell oxidative (evidences of ROS and NQO1 mRNA expression) and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α responses than those particles during non-pollution stage. These patterns were explained by the metals and water-soluble components decreased with the haze development. Non-soluble particulate carbonaceous aerosol compositions might play a significant role in inducing cytotoxicity. Moreover, the regional pattern of episode pollution weakened the spatial variation within a city scale. Since the haze development intensified both the quantity and toxicity of PM2.5 in air, the health risks of overall aerosol exposure were synthetically amplified during haze weather, so the increased air particles with higher toxic components from fuel combustion sources should be key targets of pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Pang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mingwei Tang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
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102
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Kashiwagi K, Iizuka Y. Effect and underlying mechanisms of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19516. [PMID: 33177636 PMCID: PMC7659009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Health problems caused by airborne particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 (PM2.5), especially in the respiratory system, have become a worldwide problem, but the influence and mechanisms of PM2.5 on the ocular surface have not been sufficiently elucidated. We investigated in vitro the onset and pathogenesis of corneal damage induced by PM2.5. Two types of PM2.5 samples originating from Beijing (designated #28) and the Gobi Desert (designated #30) were added to the culture medium of immortalized cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) to examine the effects on survival rates, autophagy, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Both types of PM2.5 significantly reduced the HCEC survival rate in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering autophagy. In particular, compared with #30, #28 induced much more severe damage in HCECs. Physical contact between PM2.5 and HCECs was not a primary contributor to PM2.5-induced HCEC damage. Among the 38 proinflammatory cytokines examined in this study, significant increases in the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-6 levels and a significant reduction in the interleukin-8 level were detected in culture medium of PM2.5-exposed HCECs. Simultaneous addition of a GM-CSF inhibitor, suramin, alleviated the HCEC impairment induced by PM2.5. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces HCEC death by triggering autophagy. Some cytokines that are released from HCECs, including GM-CSF, may be involved in HCEC damage caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yoko Iizuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Chen XC, Cao JJ, Ward TJ, Tian LW, Ning Z, Gali NK, Aquilina NJ, Yim SHL, Qu L, Ho KF. Characteristics and toxicological effects of commuter exposure to black carbon and metal components of fine particles (PM 2.5) in Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140501. [PMID: 32622166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations between traffic-related air pollution and adverse health outcomes. Personal exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in transport microenvironments and their toxicological properties remain to be investigated. Commuter exposures were investigated in public transport systems (including the buses and Mass Transit Railway (MTR)) along two sampling routes in Hong Kong. Real-time sampling for PM2.5 and black carbon (BC), along with integrated PM2.5 sampling, were performed during the warm and cold season of 2016-2017, respectively. Commuter exposure to BC during 3-hour commuting time exhibited a wider range, from 3.4 to 4.6 μg/m3 on the bus and 5.5 to 8.7 μg/m3 in MTR cabin (p < .05). PM2.5 mass and major chemical constituents (including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and metals) were analyzed. Cytotoxicity, including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, was determined in addition to acellular ROS generation. PM2.5 treatment promoted the ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistent diurnal variations were observed for commuter exposure to BC and PM2.5 components, along with cellular and acellular ROS generation, which marked with two peaks during the morning (08:00-11:00) and evening rush hours (17:30-20:30). Commuter exposures in the MTR system were characterized by higher levels of PM2.5 and elemental components (e.g., Ca, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ba) compared to riding the bus, along with higher cellular and acellular ROS production (p < .01). These metals were attributed to different sources: rail tracks, wheels, brakes, and crustal origin. Weak to moderate associations were shown for the analyzed transition metals with PM2.5-induced cell viability and cellular ROS. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ti, and Co attributed to cytotoxicity and ROS generation. These findings underscore the importance of commuter exposures and their toxic effects, urging effective mitigating strategies to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Lin-Wei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nirmal Kumar Gali
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Noel J Aquilina
- Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Steve Hung-Lam Yim
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheng Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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104
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Fine particulate matter exposure induces DNA damage by downregulating Rad51 expression in human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells in vitro. Toxicology 2020; 444:152581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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105
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Wei W, Wang Y, Li M, Yang M. Water-soluble fraction of particulate matter <2.5 μm promoted lung epithelia cells apoptosis by regulating the expression of caveolin-1 and Krüppel-like factor 5. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:410-420. [PMID: 33090513 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been linked to morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Lung epithelial cells bear the brunt of PM2.5 exposure. In the present study, we found that exposure of A549 cells to the water-soluble fraction of PM2.5 (WS-PM2.5) promoted the expression and internalization of caveolin-1. Caveolin-1 knockdown restrained the endocytosis of WS-PM2.5. In addition, WS-PM2.5 accumulation in the cells induced the phosphorylation of serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), as well as the expression of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). Inhibiting activation of AKT and NFκB also partly reduced WS-PM2.5 concentration in cells, but KLF5 knockdown did not affect the intracellular accumulation of WS-PM2.5. KLF5 knockdown suppressed cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) expression and activated caspase 3. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that KLF5 positively regulated the transcription of KLF5. These results suggested that caveolin-1 was required for the endocytosis of WS-PM2.5. Intracellular accumulation of WS-PM2.5 activated AKT and NFκB, which facilitated WS-PM2.5 endocytosis. WS-PM2.5 accumulation also induced KLF5 expression, increasing the transcriptional expression of CYP1A1, which contributed to activate caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Shandong provincial Eco-environment Monitoring Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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106
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Wang Y, Puthussery JV, Yu H, Verma V. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions among organic and metallic components of the ambient particulate matter (PM) for the cytotoxicity measured by Chinese hamster ovary cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139511. [PMID: 32474273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although PM2.5 toxicity is known to be related to its chemical composition, the effect of interactions among various particles' components on the toxicity is not well explored. To understand these interactions, especially metals and organic compounds on PM2.5 cytotoxicity, we chose several redox-active substances known to be present in the ambient particles such as metals (Cu, Fe, and Mn) and quinones [9,10-phenanthraquinone (PQ), 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (5,H-1,4-NQ)]. Cytotoxicity was assessed through a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells assay and expressed by a median lethal concentration (LC50). Two methods were employed to assess the interactions. In the first method, we tested the impact of nontoxic level of a component on the LC50 of other components. In the second method, we mixed two components in different concentration ratios to expose the cells and calculated a mixture toxicity index (MTI). MTI is a composite value to quantify the nature of interactions such that the interactions are considered synergistic when MTI > 1, additive when 0 < MTI ≤ 1 and antagonistic when MTI < 0. The interactions between quinones and metals were largely synergistic by both methods. To further assess the environmental relevance of these mixtures, we extracted organic compounds termed as water-soluble Humic-like substances (HULIS) from real ambient PM samples and mixed them with individual metals. A similar pattern, as observed from the interaction of quinones and metals, was found. Moreover, the interactions became more synergistic as the relative concentration of metals with respect to water-soluble HULIS was decreased in these mixtures. With environmentally relevant mass concentration ratios of organics to metals (75-7500), the interactions were strongly synergistic (MTI = 1-115). These results indicate the importance of incorporating the interaction among various PM components for estimating the net toxicity of ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joseph V Puthussery
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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107
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Chen XC, Chuang HC, Ward TJ, Tian L, Cao JJ, Ho SSH, Lau NC, Hsiao TC, Yim SH, Ho KF. Indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure to PM 2.5 and their bioreactivity among healthy residents of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109780. [PMID: 32554275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct evidence about associations between fine particles (PM2.5) components and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity at the individual level is limited. We conducted a panel study with repeated personal measurements involving 56 healthy residents in Hong Kong. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels were measured from these subjects. Out of 56 subjects, 27 (48.2%) participated in concurrent outdoor, indoor, and personal PM2.5 monitoring. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), particle bound-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phthalates were analyzed. Alteration in cell viability, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 8-isoprostane by 50 μg/mL PM2.5 extracts was determined in A549 cells in vitro. Moderate heterogeneities were shown in PM2.5 exposures and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity across different sample types. Associations between the analyzed components and PM2.5 bioreactivity were assessed using the multiple regression models. Toxicological results revealed that indoor and personal exposure to OC as well as PAH compounds and their derivatives (e.g., Alkyl-PAHs, Oxy-PAHs) induced cell viability reduction and increase in levels of LDH, IL-6, and 8-isoprostane. Overall, OC in personal exposure played a dominant role in PM2.5-induced bioreactivity. Subsequently, we examined the associations of FeNO with IL-6 and 8-isoprostane levels using mixed-effects models. The results showed that per interquartile change in IL-6 and 8-isoprostane were associated with a 6.4% (p < 0.01) and 11.1% (p < 0.01) increase in FeNO levels, respectively. Our study explored the toxicological properties of chemical components in PM2.5 exposure, which suggested that residential indoors and personal OC and PAHs should be of great concern for human health. These findings indicated that further studies in inflammation and oxidative stress-related illnesses due to particle exposure would benefit from the assessment of in vitro PM2.5 bioreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Now at: Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai-Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ngar-Cheung Lau
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve Hl Yim
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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108
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Somayajulu M, Ekanayaka S, McClellan SA, Bessert D, Pitchaikannu A, Zhang K, Hazlett LD. Airborne Particulates Affect Corneal Homeostasis and Immunity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:23. [PMID: 32301974 PMCID: PMC7401652 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) <2.5 µm in vitro and on the normal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-infected cornea. Methods An MTT viability assay tested the effects of PM2.5 on mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCEC) and human corneal epithelial cells (HCET). MCEC were tested for reactive oxygen species using a 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay; RT-PCR determined mRNA levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in MCEC (HMGB1, toll-like receptor 2, IL-1β, CXCL2, GPX1, GPX2, GR1, superoxide dismutase 2, and heme oxygenase 1) and HCET (high mobility group box 1, CXCL2, and IL-1β). C57BL/6 mice also were infected and after 6 hours, the PM2.5 was topically applied. Disease was graded by clinical score and evaluated by histology, plate count, myeloperoxidase assay, RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot. Results After PM2.5 (25–200 µg/mL), 80% to 90% of MCEC and HCET were viable and PM exposure increased reactive oxygen species in MCEC and mRNA expression levels for inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in mouse and human cells. In vivo, the cornea of PA+PM2.5 exposed mice exhibited earlier perforation over PA alone (confirmed histologically). In cornea, plate counts were increased after PA+PM2.5, whereas myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased after PA+PM2.5 over other groups. The mRNA levels for several proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers were increased in the cornea in the PA+PM2.5 over other groups; protein levels were elevated for high mobility group box 1, but not toll-like receptor 4 or glutathione reductase 1. Uninfected corneas treated with PM2.5 did not differ from normal. Conclusions PM2.5 triggers reactive oxygen species, upregulates mRNA levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and high mobility group box 1 protein, contributing to perforation in PA-infected corneas.
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109
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Zhang F, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhu J, Liu J, Yu G, Qin J, Song W, Ding C. Time- and Dose-Resolved Proteome of PM 2.5-Exposure-Induced Lung Injury and Repair in Rats. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3162-3175. [PMID: 32519869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is drawing more public attention due to its various physicochemical features and causing pathological harm, as proven by epidemiological and clinical studies. However, the mechanism of PM2.5-exposure-induced lung injury has not been fully characterized. Here, we established a PM2.5-induced rat injury model for both short-term and long-term exposures at different concentrations. We employed the Fast-seq technique to profile 6316 proteins and the catTFRE approach to profile 387 transcription factors (TFs) in the lung tissue. In short-term exposure, we elucidated gradually upregulated proteins enriched in response to oxidative stress, phagosome, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway. Long-term exposure mainly showed the immune response pathway to be consisting of increased lymphocytes and cytokines. Intriguingly, we found that immune-related proteins were recoverable during short-term exposure. During the process of PM2.5 exposure, upregulated proteins presented dose-dependence in the lung, including stress response at low dose, minor immune response at middle dose, and severe inflammatory response at high dose. This data set provides a rich resource to facilitate the understanding of PM2.5-induced lung damage and repair mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weimin Song
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Niu X, Chuang HC, Wang X, Ho SSH, Li L, Qu L, Chow JC, Watson JG, Sun J, Lee S, Cao J, Ho KF. Cytotoxicity of PM 2.5 vehicular emissions in the Shing Mun Tunnel, Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114386. [PMID: 32203846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Associations between human exposures to vehicular emissions (VE) and cardiopulmonary diseases have been found, with a dearth of information on particle cytotoxicity. This study exposes human lung alveolar epithelial (A549) cells to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) samples collected in a tunnel and investigates the oxidative and inflammatory responses. The cytotoxicity factor (CF) is used to normalize the VE cytotoxicity. The emission factors (EFs) were 27.2 ± 12.0 mg vehicle-1 km-1 for PM2.5 and 4.93 ± 1.67 μg vehicle-1 km-1 for measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Higher EFs were found for high (4-6 rings) than low (2-3 rings) molecular-weight particulate PAHs. PM2.5 VE caused oxidative stress and inflammation of human lung cells. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and several PAHs were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with bioreactivity. Higher CFs were found when diesel vehicle counts were highest during the morning rush hour, implying that diesel-fueled VE were major contributors to cytotoxic effects. This study provides a broader understanding of the toxicity in an engine-exhaust dominated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judith C Chow
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - John G Watson
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Development of a system for the detection of the inflammatory response induced by airborne fine particulate matter in rat tracheal epithelial cells. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:900-908. [PMID: 32775214 PMCID: PMC7394921 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric endotoxin level is related to inflammatory response induction Stable cell lines established to determine the expression of pro-inflammatory genes Our system serves monitoring of inflammatory response to airborne particulate matter
Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is related to the increased risk of several diseases, including chronic and allergic rhinitis. We have previously shown that atmospheric endotoxin level was positively associated with the number of emergency department visits for asthma even after adjusting for meteorological factors, suggestive of the significant association between atmospheric endotoxin level and asthma exacerbation. Whether atmospheric endotoxin level is related to inflammatory response induction is, however, unclear. Here, we established stable cell lines to determine the promoter activity of the genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL6), and IL33 by transfection of each reporter plasmid into rat tracheal epithelial EGV-4 T cells. These cells could measure the inflammatory response induced by endotoxin treatment more easily, rapidly, and sensitively than the conventional system using immunodetection assays. Furthermore, we revealed a relationship between atmospheric endotoxin level and inflammatory response induction. Thus, the system established herein may serve as a promising tool to monitor inflammatory response induced upon PM exposure.
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Yamagishi N, Yamaguchi T, Kuga T, Taniguchi M, Khan MS, Matsumoto T, Deguchi Y, Nagaoka H, Wakabayashi K, Watanabe T. Development of a system for the detection of the inflammatory response induced by airborne fine particulate matter in rat tracheal epithelial cells. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:859-866. [PMID: 32714841 PMCID: PMC7378315 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is related to the increased risk of several diseases, including chronic and allergic rhinitis. We have previously shown that atmospheric endotoxin level was positively associated with the number of emergency department visits for asthma even after adjusting for meteorological factors, suggestive of the significant association between atmospheric endotoxin level and asthma exacerbation. Whether atmospheric endotoxin level is related to inflammatory response induction is, however, unclear. Here, we established stable cell lines to determine the promoter activity of the genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL6), and IL33 by transfection of each reporter plasmid into rat tracheal epithelial EGV-4 T cells. These cells could measure the inflammatory response induced by endotoxin treatment more easily, rapidly, and sensitively than the conventional system using immunodetection assays. Furthermore, we revealed a relationship between atmospheric endotoxin level and inflammatory response induction. Thus, the system established herein may serve as a promising tool to monitor inflammatory response induced upon PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamaguchi
- Department of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Department of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masanari Taniguchi
- Department of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shahriar Khan
- Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagishichono-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagishichono-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuya Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagaoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagishichono-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.,Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagishichono-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction Protects against PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury through Suppression of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Epithelial Barrier Disruption. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7176589. [PMID: 32655666 PMCID: PMC7317335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7176589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This research was designed to explore the effect of Ma Xing Shi Gan decoction (MXD) in alleviating particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) induced lung injury from the perspective of epithelial barrier protection and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Rats were exposed to PM2.5 to establish a lung injury model in vivo, and a PM2.5-stimulated primary cultured type II alveolar epithelial cell model was introduced in vitro. Our results indicated that MXD alleviated the weight loss and pathologic changes and improved the epithelial barrier dysfunction. MXD also significantly inhibited the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, increased the level of ZO-1 and claudin-5, and reversed the EMT process. Notably, the protection of MXD was abolished by TGF-β in vitro. Our results indicated that MXD has a protection against PM2.5-induced lung injury. The proposed mechanism is reversing PM2.5-induced EMT through inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 pathway and then upregulating the expression of tight-junction proteins.
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Interaction between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis of infant mice (Mus musculus) brain cells from its carbofuran exposed mothers during lactation periods. ACTA VET BRNO 2020. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202089020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mechanism of autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in the neurons of infant mice (Mus musculus) whose mothers were exposed to carbofuran during the lactation period. This experimental study included 20 mice; carbofuran was administered at LD50 fractions by gavage to mice at the doses of 1.25 mg/kg body weight (BW) (1/4 LD50), 0.625 mg/kg BW (1/8 LD50), and 0.3125 mg/kg BW (1/16 LD50). Mothers were exposed to carbofuran during lactation on Days 1–9. On Day 10, infant mice were sacrificed in order to determine the number of neuron cells expressing protein kinase B (Akt) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as autophagy pathway using immunohistochemistry, apoptosis using the Tunel Assay, and necrosis using haematoxylin and eosin staining. The results of Akt, mTORC1, apoptosis, and cell necrosis were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan tests. The results of the study showed that exposing the mothers to carbofuran during lactation caused an increase in necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal cells but did not cause autophagy in neuron cells via the Akt/mTOR pathway of infant mice. The increase in apoptotic neurons opens up opportunities for the prevention and handling of the effects of reactive oxygen species activities due to carbofuran exposure during lactation periods.
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115
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Liu J, Chen X, Zhou J, Ye L, Yang D, Song Y. Particulate matter exposure promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa invasion into airway epithelia by upregulating PAFR via the ROS-mediated PI3K pathway. Hum Cell 2020; 33:963-973. [PMID: 32627147 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over exposure to particulate matter (PM) could irritate respiratory tract infection; while, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the main common pathogens. Our study aims are to define whether PM exposure enhances the invasion of P. aeruginosa into the airway epithelia and to characterize the underlying mechanisms. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) or BEAS-2B transfected by PAFR siRNA were challenged with PM and pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor), or CV-3988 (PAFR antagonist). P. aeruginosa invasion was evaluated using colony-forming units assay and confocal microscopy. Real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and western blotting were used to detect the genes or proteins expression. PM exposure promoted P. aeruginosa invasion into BEAS-2B cells through ROS-mediated PI3K pathway which enhanced the expression of PAFR, which could be alleviated by treatment with NAC, LY294002, and BAY 11-7082. Furthermore, NAC and PAFR siRNA attenuated PM-stimulated activation of PI3K pathway. Treatment with PAFR antagonist and siRNA also alleviated PM exposure-induced P. aeruginosa invasion into BEAS-2B cells. Our results demonstrated that PM exposure increased the PAFR expression and activated the PI3K pathway in a ROS-dependent manner. Upregulated PAFR and activated PI3K pathway formed a positive regulatory loop and promoted the invasion of P. aeruginosa into airway epithelia. These mechanisms may provide a novel approach against P.aeruginosa invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Lyu D, Chen Z, Almansoob S, Chen H, Ye Y, Song F, Zhang L, Qin Z, Tang Q, Yin H, Xu W, Yao K, Fu Q. Transcriptomic profiling of human corneal epithelial cells exposed to airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). Ocul Surf 2020; 18:554-564. [PMID: 32565256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the molecular mechanisms of PM2.5-induced dysfunction in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and the potential role of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) in PM2.5-induced autophagy in vitro and in vivo. METHODS RNA-Seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PM2.5-exposed HCECs compared to unexposed condition, followed by validation via real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Corneal fluorescein staining and tear secretion were assessed in the PM2.5-exposed rat model. The expression of PAI-2 and autophagy-related markers were examined via immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining and/or qRT-PCR in PM2.5-exposed or unexposed HCECs and rat corneas. PAI-2-knockdown HCECs were generated to study PAI-2's role in the PM2.5-induced autophagy in HCECs. RESULTS A total of 434 DEGs-240 up-regulated and 194 down-regulated-were identified in PM2.5-exposed HCECs rather than unexposed HCECs. The expression of a few genes related to proliferation, inflammation, and aryl hydrocarbon stimulation were significantly altered by PM2.5 exposure. PAI-2 expression was up-regulated in PM2.5-exposed HCECs, sharing a similar fluctuation trend with autophagy-related markers LC3B II and BECN1 according to various exposure periods. Moreover, PAI-2 knockdown significantly suppressed the expression of LC3B and BECN1 in PM2.5-exposed HCECs. The corneal fluorescein staining was enhanced and tear secretion was significantly reduced in PM2.5-exposed rat eyes. PAI-2 expression was also increased in PM2.5-exposed rat corneas, together with the up-regulation of several autophagy-related markers. CONCLUSION The present study identified the altered expression of hundreds of genes in PM2.5-exposed HCECs, which suggests the importance of PM2.5 for cornea health. The involvement of PAI-2 was discovered in the PM2.5-induced autophagy in HCECs as well as likely in rat corneas, which implied that PAI-2 may become a potential target of clinical treatment of PM2.5-associated ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lyu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Siham Almansoob
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan Song
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenwei Qin
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiaomei Tang
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Houfa Yin
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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He W, Peng H, Ma J, Wang Q, Li A, Zhang J, Kong H, Li Q, Sun Y, Zhu Y. Autophagy changes in lung tissues of mice at 30 days after carbon black-metal ion co-exposure. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12813. [PMID: 32515860 PMCID: PMC7377941 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating studies have investigated the PM2.5-induced pulmonary toxicity, while gaps still remain in understanding its toxic mechanism. Due to its high specific surface area and adsorption capacity similar to nanoparticles, PM2.5 acts as a significant carrier of metals in air and then leads to altered toxic effects. In this study, we aimed to use CBs and Ni as model materials to investigate the autophagy changes and pulmonary toxic effects at 30 days following intratracheal instillation of CBs-Ni mixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of mice were instilled with 100 µL normal saline (NS), 20 µg CBs, and 4 µg Ni or CBs-Ni mixture, respectively. At 7 and 30 days post-instillation, all the mice were weighed and then sacrificed. The evaluation system was composed of the following: (a) autophagy and lysosomal function assessment, (b) trace element biodistribution observation in lungs, (c) pulmonary lavage biomedical analysis, (d) lung histopathological evaluation, (e) coefficient analysis of major organs and (f) CBs-Ni interaction and cell proliferation assessment. RESULTS We found that after CBs-Ni co-exposure, no obvious autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction or pulmonary toxicity was detected, along with complete clearance of Ni from lung tissues as well as recovery of biochemical indexes to normal range. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the damaged autophagy and lysosomal function, as well as physiological function, was repaired at 30 days after exposure of CBs-Ni. Our findings provide a new idea for scientific assessment of the impact of fine particles on environment and human health, and useful information for the comprehensive treatment of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhen Peng
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichao Zhang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huating Kong
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingnuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Cabrera S, Rodríguez-Bobadilla C, Vázquez-Morales D, Gaxiola M, Maciel M, Selman M, Pardo A. Identification of Autophagy-related Proteins in Lungs From Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Patients. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:365-376. [PMID: 32496163 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420932103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. However, it is not yet known whether autophagy plays a role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). HP is an interstitial lung disease resulting from exposure to a wide variety of antigens that provoke an exaggerated immune response in susceptible individuals. The aim of this study was to explore the localization of autophagy key proteins in lungs from HP patients and controls by immunohistochemistry and analyze their expression levels by immunoblot. Macrophages and epithelial cells were strongly positive for the autophagosome biomarker LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta) in HP lungs compared with controls. A similar pattern was found for the autophagy receptor p62 and the enzyme ATG4B. Unexpectedly, nuclear p62 signal was also noticed in macrophages from HP lungs. Regarding ATG5 and ATG7 localization, we observed positive staining in neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Our findings provide for the first time evidence that proteins from the autophagy machinery are highly expressed in the lungs of HP patients and describe the specific cellular and subcellular localization of LC3B, p62, ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG7 in HP lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Bobadilla
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Vázquez-Morales
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Maciel
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Alkoussa S, Hulo S, Courcot D, Billet S, Martin PJ. Extracellular vesicles as actors in the air pollution related cardiopulmonary diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:402-423. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1763252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Alkoussa
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sébastien Hulo
- IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, ULR 4483 - IMPECS, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Occupational Health, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Perrine J. Martin
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
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Jan R, Roy R, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Toxicological screening of airborne particulate matter in atmosphere of Pune: Reactive oxygen species and cellular toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:113724. [PMID: 32078875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Present study screened the toxicological assessment of airborne particulate matter (PM), mechanistic investigation, relationship between the physicochemical characteristics and its associated toxic response. The average concentration of both PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In present study, PM bound metals; Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Sr and Co have been taken into account with total metal concentration of 0.83 and 0.44 μg m-3 of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively. The contribution of redox active metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni and Mn) in PM was more as compared to non-redox metals (Pb, Cd and Co) indicating significant risk to the exposed population as these metals possess the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are responsible for various diseases. The cytotoxicity profiles of PM samples determined by MTT assay on two different cell lines (A549 and PBMC) exhibited dose-dependent effects after 24 h exposure, but the consequences differ with respect to particle size and sampling periods. A significant decrease in cell viability with varying PM concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg ml-1) with respect to control was found in both cell lines. Incubation of RBC suspension with PM samples caused pronounced disruption of RBC and thus exhibited substantial hemolytic behavior. PM samples showed a range of potency to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Almost all PM samples increased the level of pro-inflammatory mediator (Nitric oxide) when compared to corresponding unexposed controls suggesting the important role of reactive nitrogen species in induction of cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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Exposure to Air Pollution Exacerbates Inflammation in Rats with Preexisting COPD. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4260204. [PMID: 32454790 PMCID: PMC7231193 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4260204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanisms by which PM2.5 accelerates disease progression in COPD are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PM2.5 on lung injury in rats with hallmark features of COPD. Cardinal features of human COPD were induced in a rat model by repeated cigarette smoke inhalation and bacterial infection for 8 weeks. Then, from week 9 to week 16, some of these rats with COPD were subjected to real-time concentrated atmospheric PM2.5. Lung function, pathology, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and mucus and collagen production were measured. As expected, the COPD rats had developed emphysema, inflammation, and deterioration in lung function. PM2.5 exposure resulted in greater lung function decline and histopathological changes, as reflected by increased Mucin (MUC) 5ac, MUC5b, Collagen I, Collagen III, and the profibrotic cytokine α-smooth muscle-actin (SMA), transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1 in lung tissues. PM2.5 also aggravated inflammation, increasing neutrophils and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and cytokines including Interleukin- (IL-) 1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-4. The likely mechanism is through oxidative stress as antioxidants levels were decreased, whereas oxidants were increased, indicating a detrimental shift in the oxidant-antioxidant balance. Altogether, these results suggest that PM2.5 exposure could promote the development of COPD by impairing lung function and exacerbating pulmonary injury, and the potential mechanisms are related to inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
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Abareshi F, Sharifi Z, Hekmatshoar R, Fallahi M, Lari Najafi M, Ahmadi Asour A, Mortazavi F, Akrami R, Miri M, Dadvand P. Association of exposure to air pollution and green space with ovarian reserve hormones levels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109342. [PMID: 32172073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse health effects while exposure to greenspace has been associated with public health benefits. However, the available evidence on the association of exposure to air pollution with ovarian reserve markers is still scarce, with no study on such an association with greenspace exposure. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of exposure to particulate matter with diameter of less than 1, 2.5 and 10 μm (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), traffic indicators (distance from women's residence to major roads and total street length in different buffers around women's residential address) and greenspace indicators (residential surrounding greenspace and distance to green spaces) with serum levels of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) as markers of ovarian reserve. This cross-sectional study was based on 67 women residing in Sabzevar, Iran (2018). Basal serum levels of FSH and AMH were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Land use regression models were used to estimate PMs concentrations at residential addresses and the average of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in different buffers was used to characterize residential surrounding greenspace. Multiple linear regression models were developed to estimate the association of AMH and FSH with exposure to air pollution, traffic, and greenspace (one at a time) controlled for relevant covariates. In fully adjusted models, there was an inverse association between exposure to PM1, PM2.5 as well as total street length in 100 m buffer around women's residence and AMH level (β = -0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.43, -0.35, P-value ≤ 0.01, β = -1.11, 95% CI: -1.67, -0.55, P-value ≤ 0.01 and β = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.48, -0.50, P-value = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, increase in distance from home to nearest major road as well as residential surrounding greenspace (100 m buffer) and decrease in residential distance to a green space larger than 5000 m2 were associated with increase in serum level of AMH. However, we did not observe any significant association between exposure to air pollution, traffic, and greenspace with FSH level. Overall, our findings supported a beneficial association of exposure to greenspace and detrimental association of exposure to air pollution with ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abareshi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Reza Hekmatshoar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Majid Fallahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Akbar Ahmadi Asour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Forough Mortazavi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Rahim Akrami
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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123
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Liu L, Zhou Q, Yang X, Li G, Zhang J, Zhou X, Jiang W. Cytotoxicity of the soluble and insoluble fractions of atmospheric fine particulate matter. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 91:105-116. [PMID: 32172959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) includes soluble and insoluble fractions, and each fraction can interact with cells and cause adverse effects. PM2.5 samples were collected in Jinan, China, and the soluble and insoluble fractions were separated. According to physiochemical characterization, the soluble fraction mainly contains water-soluble ions and organic acids, and the insoluble fraction mainly contains kaolinite, calcium carbonate and some organic carbon. The interaction between PM2.5 and model cell membranes was examined with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) to quantify PM2.5 attachment on membranes and membrane disruption. The cytotoxicity of the total PM2.5 and the soluble and insoluble fractions, was investigated. Negatively charged PM2.5 can adhere to the positively charged membranes and disrupt them. PM2.5 also adheres to negatively charged membranes but does not cause membrane rupture. Therefore, electrostatic repulsion does not prevent PM2.5 attachment, but electrostatic attraction induces remarkable membrane rupture. The human lung epithelial cell line A549 was used for cytotoxicity assessment. The detected membrane leakage, cellular swelling and blebbing indicated a cell necrosis process. Moreover, the insoluble PM2.5 fraction caused a higher cell mortality and more serious cell membrane damage than the soluble fraction. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhanced by the two fractions were not significantly different. The findings provide more information to better understand the mechanism of PM2.5 cytotoxicity and the effect of PM2.5 solubility on cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qiuhua Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuehua Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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124
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Gao Y, Sun J, Dong C, Zhao M, Hu Y, Jin F. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922782. [PMID: 32304204 PMCID: PMC7191958 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to PM2.5 (fine particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) in air increases the risk of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been identified as a potential treatment based on the proteins or RNAs delivery and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we assessed the protective effects and mechanisms of ADSCs-EVs on PM2.5-induced lung injury or PF. Material/Methods Rats (male, 6 weeks old) were exposed to PBS or PM2.5 (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 3 days a week for 4 weeks. ADSCs-EVs were extracted by ultracentrifugation. PBS and ADSCs-EVs were administrated through intratracheal instillation. After the end of exposure, the rats were anesthetized and killed. Lung tissues with different treatments were collected for Western blot analysis and HE, IHC, and IF staining analysis. Cells exposed to PM2.5 or “PM2.5+ADSCs-EVs” in vitro were also collected for further Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and IF staining evaluation. Results The results indicated that the initial response of lungs exposed to PM2.5 was lung injury with oxidative stress and inflammation. Long-term PM2.5 exposure resulted in obvious PF in rats. Treatment with ADSCs-EVs decreased PM2.5-induced apoptosis and necrosis in type II alveolar epithelial cells and alleviated lung injury and PF in rats. ADSCs-EVs suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammation induced by PM2.5. Furthermore, ADSCs-EVs inhibited TGF-βRI by transferring let-7d-5p and further mitigated PF. Conclusions Our results suggest that EVs derived from ADSCs can alleviate PM2.5-induced lung injury and PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Gao
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chuan Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Mingxuan Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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125
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Xu C, Zhang M, Chen W, Jiang L, Chen C, Qin J. Assessment of Air Pollutant PM2.5 Pulmonary Exposure Using a 3D Lung-on-Chip Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3081-3090. [PMID: 33463279 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matters have posed significant risk to human health worldwide. Fine particulate matters (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality attributed to pulmonary diseases. An advanced in vitro model would benefit the assessment of PM2.5 induced pulmonary injuries and drug development. In this work, we present a PM2.5 exposure model to evaluate the pulmonary risk of fine particulate matter exposure in an organotypic manner with the help of 3D human lung-on-a-chip. By compartmentalized co-culturing of human endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and extra cellular matrix, our lung-on-a-chip recapitulated the structural features of the alveolar-blood barrier, which is pivotal for exogenous hazard toxicity evaluation. PM2.5 was applied to the channel lined with lung epithelial cells to model the pulmonary exposure of fine particulate matter. The results indicated acute high dose PM2.5 exposure would lead to various malfunctions of the alveolar-capillary barrier, including adheren junction disruption, increased ROS generation, apoptosis, inflammatory biofactor expression in epithelial cells and endothelial cells, elevated permeability, and monocyte attachments. Collectively, our lung-on-a-chip model provides a simple platform to investigate the complex responses after PM2.5 exposure in a physiologically relevant level, which could be of great potential in environmental risk assessment and therapeutic treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Lei Jiang
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 200031.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
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126
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Montalbano AM, Albano GD, Anzalone G, Moscato M, Gagliardo R, Di Sano C, Bonanno A, Ruggieri S, Cibella F, Profita M. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the flame retardants (PBDE-47, PBDE-99 and PBDE-209) in human bronchial epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125600. [PMID: 31864052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widespread as flame-retardants in different types of consumer products. PBDEs present in the air or dust and their inhalation can damage human health by influencing the respiratory system. We evaluated the effects of environment relevant concentrations (0.01-1 μM) of PBDE-47, PBDE-99 and PBDE-209 on the mechanism of oxidative stress, dysregulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage and repair (in term of H2AX phosphorylation ser139) in an in-vitro/ex-vivo model of bronchial epithelial cells. PBDEs (-47, -99 and -209) at the environment relevant concentrations (0.01 and 1 μM) induce oxidative stress (in term of NOX-4 expression as well as ROS and JC-1 production), activate the mechanism of DNA-damage and repair affecting Olive Tail length (comet assay) production and H2AX phosphorylation (ser139) in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore PBDEs, although do not affect cell viability, induce cell apoptosis and single cell capacity to grow into a colony (like a cancer phenotype) in bronchial epithelial cells. Finally, PBDE-47 had a greater effect than -99 and -209. PBDE-47, -99 and -209 congeners exert cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, and play a critical role in the dysregulation of oxidative stress, damaging DNA and the related gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings might suggest that PBDEs inhalation might have adverse effect on human health regarding pulmonary diseases in the areas of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Moscato
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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127
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Wang Y, Tang M. PM2.5 induces autophagy and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in human endothelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136397. [PMID: 32050373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells integrally form a crucial interface that maintains homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. As a vulnerable target of PM2.5, the underlying mechanisms of endothelial cell damage have yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, two types of cell death, including autophagy and apoptosis, and an important organelle of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were focalized following PM2.5 exposure. As a result, the internalization of PM2.5 has the ability to induce excess ER stress, which is a crucial step for further autophagy and apoptosis in human endothelial cells, as confirmed by the pre-treatment with the inhibitor of ER stress (4-PBA) which effectively mitigates the apoptosis rate and LC3II expression. Intriguingly, crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy demonstrated that ER stress is probably involved in autophagic events, whereas autophagy has no significant effect on ER stress but confer a protective role against PM2.5-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, PM2.5 results in blockage of autophagic flux (failed fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes), which is detrimental to endothelial cell survival. In conclusion, our findings provide a valuable insight into the relation between autophagy and apoptosis under PM2.5-induced ER stress conditions, where the interplay between them ultimately determines cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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128
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Chowjarean V, Prueksasit T, Joyjamras K, Chanvorachote P. Isovitexin Increases Stem Cell Properties and Protects Against PM2.5 in Keratinocytes. In Vivo 2020; 33:1833-1841. [PMID: 31662510 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Fine airborne particles of Particular Matter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ) have been recognized as a dominant air contamination causing critical health concerns. Herein, we determined whether isovitexin, a natural plant-derived compound could protect PM2.5-mediated oxidative stress and induce stemness in epidermal cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was detected by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Protein hallmarks of stem cells were examined by western blot analysis. Results: PM2.5 treatment for 30 min increased the levels of intracellular ROS. Pre-treatment of cells with 10-50 μM of isovitexin dramatically inhibited the ROS induced by PM2.5. Antioxidant efficacy of isovitexin was also determined by the ROS scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS and superoxide anion radicals. In addition, we found that isovitexin enhanced the stem cell properties of keratinocytes, indicated by the significant increase in the levels of stem cell proteins. Conclusion: Isovitexin can be potentially used as an effective compound for preventing skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verisa Chowjarean
- Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Prueksasit
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keerati Joyjamras
- Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand .,Doctor of Philosophy Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ge C, Hu L, Lou D, Li Q, Feng J, Wu Y, Tan J, Xu M. Nrf2 deficiency aggravates PM 2.5-induced cardiomyopathy by enhancing oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation via RIPK3-regulated mitochondrial disorder. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4836-4865. [PMID: 32182211 PMCID: PMC7138545 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a well-known air pollutant threatening public health, and long-term exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in the amelioration of PM2.5-induced lung injury. However, if Nrf2 is involved in PM2.5-induced heart injury, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been explored. In this study, wild type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice were exposed to PM2.5 for 6 months. After PM2.5 exposure, Nrf2-/- mice developed severe physiological changes, lung injury and cardiac dysfunction. In the PM2.5-exposed hearts, Nrf2 deficiency caused significant collagen accumulation through promoting the expression of fibrosis-associated signals. Additionally, Nrf2-/- mice exhibited greater oxidative stress in cardiac tissues after PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, PM2.5-induced inflammation in heart samples were accelerated in Nrf2-/- mice through promoting inhibitor of α/nuclear factor κB (IκBα/NF-κB) signaling pathways. We also found that Nrf2-/- aggravated autophagy initiation and glucose metabolism disorder in hearts of mice with PM2.5 challenge. Cardiac receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) expression triggered by PM2.5 was further enhanced in mice with the loss of Nrf2. Collectively, these results suggested that strategies for enhancing Nrf2 could be used to treat PM2.5-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Linfeng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Yekuan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
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130
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Tang ZJ, Cao ZM, Guo XW, Chen HJ, Lian Y, Zheng WJ, Chen YJ, Lian HZ, Hu X. Cytotoxicity and toxicoproteomic analyses of human lung epithelial cells exposed to extracts of atmospheric particulate matters on PTFE filters using acetone and water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110223. [PMID: 31991395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Differences of cytotoxicity associated with exposure to different extracts of atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) are still not well characterized by in vitro toxicoproteomics. In this study, in vitro cytotoxicity assays and toxicoproteomic analyses were carried out to investigate toxic effects of PM collected using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters extracted with acetone for PM2.1 and water for PM2.1 and PM10 on A549 human lung epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity assays based on cell viability, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation indicated that PM2.1 extracted with acetone had the highest toxicity. iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS analyses indicated that the number of differentially expressed proteins in A549 cells affected by PM2.1 extracted with acetone was noticeably higher than that of the other two groups. Hierarchical cluster analyses showed that the influences of the extracts of PM2.1 and PM10 using water on the proteome of A549 cells were similar, whereas significantly different from the effect of PM2.1 extracted with acetone. Pathways analyses indicated that PM2.1 extracted with acetone influenced the expression of proteins involved in 14 pathways including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, proteasome, etc. PM2.1 extracted with water affected the expression of proteins involved in 3 pathways including non-homologous end-joining, ribosome and endocytosis. However, PM10 extracted with water affected the expression of proteins involved in only spliceosome pathway. The extracts of PM using different extractants to detach PM from PTFE filters influenced the cytotoxic effects of PM and the proteome of A549 cells. Therefore, extractants should be assessed carefully before the investigations on cytotoxicity to improve the compatibility of experimental results among research teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Lian
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Wei-Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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131
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Suo D, Zeng S, Zhang J, Meng L, Weng L. PM2.5 induces apoptosis, oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in human melanocytes. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3227-3238. [PMID: 32269607 PMCID: PMC7138919 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent growing evidence suggested that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has strong toxic effects on skin systems. However, the possible effects and the mechanisms of PM2.5 on vitiligo remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to further investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of PM2.5 on vitiligo. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human melanocytes (PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells) were exposed to PM2.5 (0-200 µg/ml) for 24 h. The cell viability of the three cell lines was measured by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The secretions of stem cell factor (SCF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in HaCaT cells were evaluated by ELISA. The melanin contents, cellular tyrosinase activity, apoptosis, cell migration, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and related protein expressions in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells were evaluated by a NaOH assay, DOPA assay, Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide staining, MDA assay, SOD assay, GSH-Px assay and western blotting, respectively. It was demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure inhibited cell viability of all three cell lines (HaCaT, PIG1 and PIG3V cells). PM2.5 exposure attenuated the secretions of SCF and bFGF in HaCaT cells. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure attenuated the activation of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, inhibited cell migration, and induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injury in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells. In addition, PM2.5 exposure caused upregulated cytosolic cytochrome C and activated caspase-3 in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. The present results suggested that PM2.5 exposure could inhibit the secretions of SCF and bFGF in keratinocytes, and cause oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in melanocytes. Therefore, PM2.5 could be a new risk factor for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Suo
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Sanwu Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Linghe Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Lishuo Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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Wu YF, Li ZY, Dong LL, Li WJ, Wu YP, Wang J, Chen HP, Liu HW, Li M, Jin CL, Huang HQ, Ying SM, Li W, Shen HH, Chen ZH. Inactivation of MTOR promotes autophagy-mediated epithelial injury in particulate matter-induced airway inflammation. Autophagy 2020; 16:435-450. [PMID: 31203721 PMCID: PMC6999647 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1628536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is able to induce airway epithelial injury, while the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that PM exposure inactivated MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), enhanced macroautophagy/autophagy, and impaired lysosomal activity in HBE (human bronchial epithelial) cells and in mouse airway epithelium. Genetic or pharmaceutical inhibition of MTOR significantly enhanced, while inhibition of autophagy attenuated, PM-induced IL6 expression in HBE cells. Consistently, club-cell-specific deletion of Mtor aggravated, whereas loss of Atg5 in bronchial epithelium reduced, PM-induced airway inflammation. Interestingly, the augmented inflammatory responses caused by MTOR deficiency were markedly attenuated by blockage of downstream autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the dysregulation of MTOR-autophagy signaling was partially dependent on activation of upstream TSC2, and interacted with the TLR4-MYD88 to orchestrate the downstream NFKB activity and to regulate the production of inflammatory cytokines in airway epithelium. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy reduced the expression of EPS15 and the subsequent endocytosis of PM. Taken together, the present study provides a mechanistic explanation for how airway epithelium localized MTOR-autophagy axis regulates PM-induced airway injury, suggesting that activation of MTOR and/or suppression of autophagy in local airway might be effective therapeutic strategies for PM-related airway disorders.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ALI: air liquid interface; AP2: adaptor related protein complex 2; ATG: autophagy related; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; DOX: doxycycline; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EPS15: epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15; HBE: human bronchial epithelial; H&E: hematoxylin & eosin; IKK: IKB kinase; IL: interleukin; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTEC: mouse tracheal epithelial cells; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYD88: MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor; NFKB: nuclear factor of kappa B; NFKBIA: NFKB inhibitor alpha; PM: particulate matter; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Rapa: rapamycin; RELA: RELA proto-oncogene, NFKB subunit; SCGB1A1: secretoglobin family 1A member 1; siRNA: small interfering RNAs; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electronic microscopy; TLR4: toll like receptor 4; TSC2: TSC complex subunit 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Pin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ci-Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Qiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Key cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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133
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Martínez-García GG, Mariño G. Autophagy role in environmental pollutants exposure. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 172:257-291. [PMID: 32620245 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, the potential harmfulness derived from the exposure to environmental pollutants has been largely demonstrated, with associated damages ranging from geno- and cyto-toxicity to tissue malfunction and alterations in organism physiology. Autophagy is an evolutionarily-conserved cellular mechanism essential for cellular homeostasis, which contributes to protect cells from a wide variety of intracellular and extracellular stressors. Due to its pivotal importance, its correct functioning is directly linked to cell, tissue and organismal fitness. Environmental pollutants, particularly industrial compounds, are able to impact autophagic flux, either by increasing it as a protective response, by blocking it, or by switching its protective role toward a pro-cell death mechanism. Thus, the understanding of the effects of chemicals exposure on autophagy has become highly relevant, offering new potential approaches for risk assessment, protection and preventive measures to counteract the detrimental effects of environmental pollutants on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma G Martínez-García
- Laboratorio "Autofagia y Metabolismo", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- Laboratorio "Autofagia y Metabolismo", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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134
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Islam N, Dihingia A, Khare P, Saikia BK. Atmospheric particulate matters in an Indian urban area: Health implications from potentially hazardous elements, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121472. [PMID: 31733994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) varies depending on their sizes and their origin from different activities in the background environment. These PMs are associated with potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) such as organic compounds (e.g. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons) that can be harmful to health. The main objective of this work is the identification and investigation of the toxicological aspects of PHEs in PMs during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season in an urban area of Northeast region (NER) of India. In the course of the study, the 24 -hs average concentrations of PMs were detected to be more than two-times higher than the Indian standard limit (NAAQ, category) which indicates poor air quality in both the seasons around the sampling sites. This study demonstrates that the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs are mutagenic and that the Excess Cancer Risks exceed the USEPA standard limits. PMs cause cytotoxicity and can also induce genotoxicity to human health analyzed by cell culture and gel electrophoresis. This study helps to promote research to evaluate the PMs bound PHEs toxicity in diverse human cell lines and also their relationship with climatic factors as well as quantitative source apportionment for mitigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Anjum Dihingia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India; Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India.
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135
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Brehmer C, Norris C, Barkjohn KK, Bergin MH, Zhang J, Cui X, Teng Y, Zhang Y, Black M, Li Z, Shafer MM, Schauer JJ. The impact of household air cleaners on the oxidative potential of PM 2.5 and the role of metals and sources associated with indoor and outdoor exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108919. [PMID: 31753466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The health effects associated with human exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been linked to the ability of PM2.5 to facilitate the production of excess cellular reactive oxygen species (oxidative potential). Concern about the adverse human health impacts of PM2.5 has led to the increased use of indoor air cleaners to improve indoor air quality, which can be an important environment for PM2.5 exposure. However, the degree to which the oxidative potential of indoor and personal PM2.5 can be influenced by an indoor air cleaner remains unclear. In this study we enrolled 43 children with physician diagnosed asthma in suburban Shanghai, China and collected two paired-sets of 48-h indoor, outdoor, and personal PM2.5 exposure samples. One set of samples was collected under "real filtration" during which a functioning air cleaner was installed in the child's bedroom, and the other ("false filtration") with an air cleaner without internal filters. The PM2.5 samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy for elements, and by an alveolar macrophage assay for oxidative potential. The sources of metals contributing to our samples were determined by the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization model. The oxidative potential was lower under real filtration compared to sham for indoor (median real/sham ratio: 0.260) and personal exposure (0.813) samples. Additionally, the sources of elements in PM2.5 that were reduced indoors and personal exposure samples by the air cleaner (e.g. regional aerosol and roadway emissions) were found by univariate multiple regression models to be among those contributing to the oxidative potential of the samples. An IQR increase in the regional aerosol and roadway emissions sources was associated with a 107% (95% CI: 80.1-138%) and 38.1% (17.6-62.1%) increase in measured oxidative potential respectively. Our results indicate that indoor air cleaners can reduce the oxidative potential of indoor and personal exposure to PM2.5, which may lead to improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Brehmer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christina Norris
- Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mike H Bergin
- Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Tsinghua University, School of Architecture, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Marilyn Black
- Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Chemical Safety, 2211 Newmarket Parkway, Suite 106, Marietta, GA, 30067, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Martin M Shafer
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53718, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53718, USA.
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136
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Ding L, Sui X, Yang M, Zhang Q, Sun S, Zhu F, Cheng H, Zhang C, Chen H, Ding R, Cao J. Toxicity of cooking oil fume derived particulate matter: Vitamin D 3 protects tubule formation activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109905. [PMID: 31706245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cooking oil fumes-derived PM2.5 (COFs-derived PM2.5) is the main source of indoor pollution. Exposure to COFs-derived PM2.5 can cause oxidative stress and affect angiogenesis. Here we investigated the roles of vitamin D3 (VD3) in protecting tubule formation injury induced by COFs-derived PM2.5, and the roles of ROS/NLRP3/VEGF signaling pathway in the effects. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 0 (1‰ DMSO), 1000 nmol/l VD3, 100 μg/ml PM2.5, and 1000 nmol/l VD3 + 100 μg/ml PM2.5, respectively. Cell viability and tube formation, as well as protein and mRNA levels were measured. The results showed that exposure of COFs-derived PM2.5 dose-and time-dependently reduced the viability of HUVECs, increased the levels of mitochondrial and intracellular ROS, and changed the mitochondrial membrane potential level. While co-incubation with VD3 rescued these adverse effects. Both Western blot and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) showed that the expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, Interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure group increased significantly, which could be effectively decreased by co-incubation with VD3. COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure could also reduce the expression of VEGF, while co-incubating HUVECs with VD3 evidently up-regulated the protein level of VEGF in HUVECs. In addition, COFs-derived PM2.5 could also inhibit the tube formation of HUVECs in vitro, which could be effectively rescued by the co-incubation of VD3. Our study proved that COFs-derived PM2.5 could damage the tubule formation of HUVECs in vitro, which could be effectively rescue by co-incubation with VD3, in which processes the ROS/NLRP3/VEGF signaling pathway played a crucial role. It provides a new theoretical basis for further study on the toxicity of PM2.5 to umbilical cord blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xinmiao Sui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical Universit, 15 Yimin Road, Hefei, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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137
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Ngoc LTN, Lee Y, Chun HS, Moon JY, Choi JS, Park D, Lee YC. Correlation of α/γ-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles with the toxicity of particulate matter originating from subway tunnels in Seoul stations, Korea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121175. [PMID: 31561194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the increasing concern about particulate matter (PM) pollution at subway systems, particularly its potentially severe effects on human health, this study investigated the constituents, characteristics, and toxicity of PM collected at underground subway stations in Seoul, Korea. It was found that α/γ-Fe2O3 NPs, which are considered as thermal products derived from the brake-wheel-rail interface, were the main components of PM (57.6% and 48% of PM10 and PM2.5, respectively). In addition, hydrothermally synthesized α/γ-Fe2O3 NPs, proposing to possess similar properties to those of Fe2O3 contained in PM, were used to investigate the correlation of these oxides with PM toxicity. In particular, the synthesized γ-Fe2O3 NPs induced a negligibly toxic, while the synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs and PM showed remarkably toxic effects on HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos, specifically in reducing cell proliferation to 85% and 72% survival, causing high apoptosis of 29.8% and 29.3%, and inhibiting the development of embryos up to 60% and 8% after prolonged exposure, respectively. It is considered that α-Fe2O3 NPs were primarily responsible for the harmful effects of PM, resulting in significant damage to DNA due to their capacity of producing high reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, thus, deleterious effects on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongil Lee
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Suk Chun
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul, 02876, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Choi
- Analysis Center for Research Advancement, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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138
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Lukaszewicz A, Niechoda A, Zarzecki M, Cwiklinska M, Holownia A. Co-expression of Hsp70 Protein and Autophagy Marker Protein LC3 in A549 Cells and THP1 Cells Exposed to Nanoparticles of Air Pollution. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1271:61-68. [PMID: 31925751 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of air particulate matter (PM) to cause reactive oxygen species-driven protein damage is associated with both COPD and lung cancer, but the mechanisms are unsettled. In this study, we investigated the co-expression of Hsp70 and the autophagy marker protein LC3 in A549 cells (alveolar epithelial cell line) and THP-1 cells (monocyte/macrophage cells) grown in media supplemented with 100 μg/mL of four types of PM: carbon black (CB), urban dust (UD), nanoparticulate CB (NPCB), and nanoparticulate CB coated with benzo(a)pyrene (NPCB-BaP). Fluorescent monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry were used to assess the expression and co-expression of HSP70 and LC3 proteins. Hsp70 expression was significantly increased by all PM, while LC3 was decreased by CB in A549 cells, unchanged by CB and UD in THP-1 cells and increased by NPCB and NPCB-BaP in both cell types. All PMs increased the Hsp70/LC3 ratio in binary scatterplots; the relationship was positive and linear, which may reflect chaperone-dependent autophagy. The UD was the only PM type that affected the slopes of the spatial trend lines and altered binary patterns of Hsp70/LC3 distribution in THP1 cells. These findings provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating proteostasis in PM-exposed cells through the chaperone-autophagy system in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lukaszewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - A Niechoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Zarzecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Cwiklinska
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - A Holownia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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139
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TGF- β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3153240. [PMID: 32082074 PMCID: PMC7012255 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3153240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with epithelial cell damage, cell shedding, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Previous studies have indicated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) mediates ROS production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity. In our previous study, we also observed that TGF-β3 increases mucus secretion in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Although it is well known that the relationship between ROS and autophagy is cell context-dependent, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The following study examined whether ROS act as upstream of autophagy activation in response to TGF-β3 induction. Using an allergic inflammation mouse model induced by house dust mite (HDM), we observed elevated lung amounts of TGF-β3 accompanied by increased ROS levels. And we found that ROS levels were elevated and NOX4 expression was increased in TGF-β3-induced epithelial cells, while the lack of NOX4 in the epithelial cells could reduce ROS generation and autophagy-dependent MUC5AC expression treated with TGF-β3. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that the Smad2/3 pathway was involved in TGF-β3-induced ROS generation by promoting NOX4 expression. The inhibition of ROS generation by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) resulted in a decrease in mucus expression and autophagy activity in vivo as well as in vitro. Finally, TGF-β3-neutralizing antibody significantly reduced the ROS generation, mucus expression, and autophagy activity and also decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Taken together, the obtained results revealed that persistent TGF-β3 activation increased ROS levels in a NOX4-dependent pathway and subsequently induced autophagy as well as MUC5AC expression in the epithelial cells.
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140
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Fine Particulate Matter Leads to Unfolded Protein Response and Shortened Lifespan by Inducing Oxidative Stress in C. elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2492368. [PMID: 31885780 PMCID: PMC6925806 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2492368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proven as one of the most critical regulatory mechanisms involved in fine Particulate Matter- (PM2.5-) mediated toxicity. For a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that enable oxidative stress to participate in PM2.5-induced toxic effects, the current study explored the effects of oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 on UPR and lifespan in C. elegans. The results implicated that PM2.5 exposure induced oxidative stress response, enhanced metabolic enzyme activity, activated UPR, and shortened the lifespan of C. elegans. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could suppress the UPR through reducing the oxidative stress; both the antioxidant NAC and UPR inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) could rescue the lifespan attenuation caused by PM2.5, indicating that the antioxidant and moderate proteostasis contribute to the homeostasis and adaptation to oxidative stress induced by PM2.5.
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141
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Wang K, Qi Q, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhao Z. S-Allylcysteine as an Inhibitor of Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Precancerous Carcinogenesis in Human Lung Cells via Inhibiting Activation of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19896915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil-soluble organosulfur compounds in garlic are known for the anticancer effect. However, there are limited experimental studies to describe the effect of S-allylcysteine (SAC), a main water-soluble derivative of garlic, in carcinogenesis. This study investigates the prevention function of SAC on carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-induced precancerous activity in human lung cells (A549). A549 cells were either pretreated (PreTM) or concurrently treated (CoTM) with 1 μM B(a)P and either 10 or 50 μM SAC. The 50 μM CoTM group inhibited B(a)P-induced cell proliferation by approximately 100%. The 50 μM SAC CoTM and PreTM inhibited the B(a)P-induced G2/M phase shift by 119% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the SAC PreTM exhibited the potential to reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells relative to the B(a)P group by approximately 100%. The CoTM and PreTM elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) by at least 70% compared with B(a)P group. In this study, we demonstrated that the mechanisms involved in the inhibitory role of SAC in B(a)P-induced carcinogenesis, including suppression of cell proliferation and DNA damage, cell cycle regulation, attenuation of ROS formation, increase of SOD activity, and inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, which indicated that SAC is potentially a novel therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of B(a)P-induced human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Qiuchen Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Zibo, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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142
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Shi C, Han X, Mao X, Fan C, Jin M. Metabolic profiling of liver tissues in mice after instillation of fine particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133974. [PMID: 31470317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in various environment could lead to a number of adverse health effects. Little is known about the toxic mechanism and the further response caused by PM2.5 exposure. In this study, a metabolomics approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was adopted to evaluate the liver toxicity induced by different gradient concentrations of PM2.5. A multivariate statistical analysis had shown, a total of 12 endogenous metabolites including amino acids and organic acids were identified as potential biomarkers of PM2.5 and most of them were down-regulated. By analyzing the metabolic pathways using the identified biomarkers, the significantly interfered metabolic pathways when mice were exposed to PM2.5 were found as: glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, methane metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism and valine, and leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, all of which were closely related to liver metabolism. The findings of this study reveal detailed toxic metabolic effects of PM2.5 in liver tissues, provide ways for assessing the health risk of PM2.5 at molecular level, and further offer insights on the potential mechanism of its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Shi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xi Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xu Mao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chong Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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143
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Bhattarai G, Lee JB, Kim MH, Ham S, So HS, Oh S, Sim HJ, Lee JC, Song M, Kook SH. Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy induces progressive senescence of hematopoietic stem cells under preferential impairment of the bone marrow microenvironment and aids development of myeloproliferative disease. Leukemia 2019; 34:1481-1484. [PMID: 31776468 PMCID: PMC8076008 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.,Institute of Oral Bioscience and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jae Bong Lee
- Thermal Hydraulics and Severe Accident Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Deajeon, 34057, South Korea
| | - Min-Hye Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Suhan Ham
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Han-Sol So
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Oh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jaung Sim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.,Institute of Oral Bioscience and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Mijung Song
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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144
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Niu X, Ho KF, Hu T, Sun J, Duan J, Huang Y, Lui KH, Cao J. Characterization of chemical components and cytotoxicity effects of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Xi'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31913-31923. [PMID: 31489544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and cytotoxicity properties of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at indoor and outdoor environment were characterized in Xi'an, China. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 in urban areas (93.29~96.13 μg m-3 for indoor and 124.37~154.52 μg m-3 for outdoor) were higher than suburban (68.40 μg m-3 for indoor and 96.18 μg m-3 for outdoor). The PM2.5 concentrations from outdoor environment due to fossil fuel combustion were higher than indoor environment. An indoor environment without central heating demonstrated higher organic carbon-to-elemental carbon (OC / EC) ratios and n-alkanes values that potentially attributed to residential coal combustion activities. The cell viability of human epithelial lung cells showed dose-dependent decrease, while nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative potential showed dose-dependent increase under exposure to PM2.5. The variations of bioreactivities could be possibly related to different chemical components from different sources. Moderate (0.4 < R < 0.6) to strong (R > 0.6) correlations were observed between bioreactivities and elemental carbon (EC)/secondary aerosols (NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+)/heavy metals (Ni, Cu, and Pb). The findings suggest PM2.5 is associated with particle induced oxidative potential, which are further responsible for respiratory diseases under chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tafeng Hu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Duan
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Ka Hei Lui
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
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145
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Ding S, Wang H, Wang M, Bai L, Yu P, Wu W. Resveratrol alleviates chronic "real-world" ambient particulate matter-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109425. [PMID: 31295660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces the occurrence of lung inflammation and fibrosis, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Resveratrol (RES) is known to have anti-inflammatory properties in many pulmonary diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of long-term "real-world" ambient PM exposure on lung inflammation and fibrosis and further explore the protective effect and mechanism of RES. METHODS AND RESULTS RES (50 and 100 mg/kg.bw) was administered to C57BL/6J mice that were exposed to ambient PM for 5 months. The control group breathed filtered air without RES, and the PM group was exposed to PM without RES. The inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung fibrosis were evaluated by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits and Masson's trichrome staining. The real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine the signal pathway. In vivo, PM exposure markedly elevated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and TGF-β1 in BALF, induced lung fibrosis. Meanwhile, PM exposure triggered autophagy process and activated the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in lung. Also, RES treatment abolished PM-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibited autophagic process and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vitro, PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in BEAS-2B cells dose-dependently. Besides, RES alleviated PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity, inhibited autophagic process and NLRP3 inflammasome activity and decreased IL-1β production in BEAS-2B cells. CONCLUSION Long-term PM exposure induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, and RES intervention alleviated these adverse effects via inhibiting autophagy-related NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China.
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of TISCO, No. 7 South Second Lane, Yingxin Street, Jiancao District, Taiyuan, 030008, PR China
| | - Mengruo Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Lanxin Bai
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Pengxin Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
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146
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Gao J, Yuan J, Wang Q, Lei T, Shen X, Cui B, Zhang F, Ding W, Lu Z. Metformin protects against PM 2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction independent of AMP-activated protein kinase α2. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101345. [PMID: 31669973 PMCID: PMC6838896 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) airborne pollution increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Although metformin is a well-known antidiabetic drug, it also confers protection against a series of diseases through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, whether metformin affects PM2.5-induced adverse health effects has not been investigated. In this study, we exposed wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2−/− mice to PM2.5 every other day via intratracheal instillation for 4 weeks. After PM2.5 exposure, the AMPKα2−/− mice developed more severe lung injury and cardiac dysfunction than were developed in the WT mice; however the administration of metformin was effective in attenuating PM2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction in both the WT and AMPKα2−/− mice. In the PM2.5-exposed mice, metformin treatment resulted in reduced systemic and pulmonary inflammation, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, suppressed induction of pulmonary and myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress, and increased levels of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, pretreatment with metformin significantly attenuated PM2.5-induced cell death and oxidative stress in control and AMPKα2-depleted BEAS-2B and H9C2 cells, and was associated with preserved expression of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. These data support the notion that metformin protects against PM2.5-induced adverse health effects through a pathway that appears independent of AMPKα2. Our findings suggest that metformin may also be a novel drug for therapies that treat air pollution associated disease. Metformin protects against PM2.5 exposure-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction. Metformin alleviates PM2.5-induced oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. Metformin attenuates PM2.5-induced cell death and oxidative stress in BEAS-2B and H9C2 cells. Metformin confers protection in an AMPKα2 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juntao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiao'e Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tong Lei
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiyue Shen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingqing Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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147
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Shan S, Shen Z, Zhang C, Kou R, Xie K, Song F. Mitophagy protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113643. [PMID: 31542387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction was considered as a critical event involved in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy responsible for the selective removal of damaged mitochondria. However, the exact role and possible mechanism of mitophagy in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity remains largely unknown. In this study, C57/BL6 mice were used to establish a model of acute liver injury via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with different doses of APAP. Furthermore, autophagy intervention experiments were achieved by the administration of rapamycin (RAPA) or chloroquine (CQ) one hour prior to dosing 300 mg/kg APAP. The activity of serum enzymes and pathological changes of APAP-treated mice were evaluated, and the critical molecules in mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were determined by electron microscopy, immunoblot, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that APAP overdose resulted in an activation of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mice liver. Moreover, the expression of the critical molecules in NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway were markedly increased by APAP. Our further investigation found that pretreatment with RAPA protected against APAP-induced hepatoxicity in mice. Notably, RAPA significantly inhibited the activation of NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of IL-1β in APAP-treated mice. By contrast, pretreatment with CQ further enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicated that activation of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice through inhibiting inflammasome activation. Therefore, mitophagy may represent a promising therapeutic target for APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, 372 North Shengli Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050041, PR China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ruirui Kou
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Keqin Xie
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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148
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Xie S, Gu AZ, Cen T, Li D, Chen J. The effect and mechanism of urban fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on horizontal transfer of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:116-123. [PMID: 31129322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and antimicrobial resistance are two major threats to public health worldwide. Current air pollution studies rely heavily on the assessment of PM2.5 chemistry and toxicity. However, whether and how PM2.5 affects the proliferation and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in various environments has remained unanswered. This study investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of urban PM2.5 on the horizontal transfer of ARGs between opportunistic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. The results showed that urban PM2.5 samples collected from Xi'an (XA), Shanghai (SH), and Shijiazhuang (SJZ) in China induced location- and concentration-dependent promotion of conjugative transfer frequencies compared to the control group. The relevant mechanisms were also explored, including the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent induction of oxidative stress, SOS response, changes in membrane permeability, and alternations in mRNA expression of genes involved in horizontal transfer. This study highlights the effect of PM2.5 on promoting the horizontal transfer of ARGs and elucidates the mechanism of the antimicrobial-resistance risks posed by urban PM2.5. These findings are of great value in understanding the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in various environments and provide valuable information for re-evaluating air quality assessment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tianyu Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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149
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Xu Z, Wang N, Xu Y, Hua L, Zhou D, Zheng M, Deng X. Effects of chronic PM 2.5 exposure on pulmonary epithelia: Transcriptome analysis of mRNA-exosomal miRNA interactions. Toxicol Lett 2019; 316:49-59. [PMID: 31520698 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established the correlations between PM2.5 and a wide variety of pulmonary diseases. However, their underlying pathogeneses have not been clearly elucidated yet. In the present study, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype with enhanced proliferation and migration activity of human pulmonary epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was observed after exposure to low dose PM2.5 exposure (50 μg/ml) for 30 passages. Then, epithelial cells derived-exosomal micro-RNA (miRNA) and intracellular total RNA were extracted, and the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (DE-Exo-MiRs) as well as differentially expressed protein coding genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcriptome analysis. We found that chronic PM2.5 exposure stimulated the release of pulmonary epithelium derived exosomes. 45 DE-Exo-MiRs including 32 novelly predicted miRNAs and 843 DEGs between PM2.5 exposed group and the normal control were detected. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix organization, focal adhesion and cancer related terms. Besides, the enrichment analyses on 7774 mRNA targets of 27 DE-Exo-MiRs predicted by MiRanda software also revealed the potential regulatory role of exosomal miRNAs in pathways in cancer, Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway, focal adhesion related genes and other multiple pathogenic pathways. Moreover, the interactive exosomal miRNA-mRNA pair networks were constructed using Cytoscape software. Our results provided a novel basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms of chronic PM2.5 exposure induced pulmonary disorders including pulmonary fibrosis and cancer, in which exosomal miRNAs (Exo-MiRs) potentially functions by dynamically regulating gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Ye Xu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Li Hua
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Dan Zhou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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150
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Su R, Jin X, Lyu L, Tian J, Amin S, Li Z. The potential immunotoxicity of fine particulate matter based on SD rat spleen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23958-23966. [PMID: 31218585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Health risks have been closely related to increased exposure of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in general population. Immune system is considered to be a most vulnerable target for airborne pollutants. PM2.5 could make some serious damages to the body organs by inducing immunotoxicity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The purpose of this study is aimed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of PM2.5-mediated immunotoxicity on spleen organ by using SD rat models. This research demonstrated that the spleen structure damage induced by PM2.5 treatment was more pronounced in winter than in summer. Mechanistically, TUNEL staining show a considerable increase in spleen apoptosis by summer and winter PM2.5 exposures compared with control. However, winter PM2.5 exposure caused more toxicity in the spleen than summer PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, our results illustrated that PM2.5 triggered oxidative stress and ERS in spleen tissues of SD rats, and lead to apoptosis via upregulation of CHOP and caspase-12. Likewise, the protein levels of LC3 were significantly increased and p62 was decreased by PM2.5 exposure, thereby activated the autophagy of spleen in SD rats in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study supported that PM2.5 mediated the immunotoxicity by the occurrence of stimulation of ERS and autophagy in SD rats. Taken together, these findings suggest PM2.5 as potential agent of immunotoxicity that needs an urgent attention. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract contains poor quality of text inside the artwork. Please do not re-use the file that we have rejected or attempt to increase its resolution and re-save. It is originally poor, therefore, increasing the resolution will not solve the quality problem. We suggest that you provide us the original format. We prefer replacement figures containing vector/editable objects rather than embedded images. Preferred file formats are eps, ai, tiff and pdf.Thanks you attention. We will provide tiff format image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liang Lyu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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