101
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New frontiers in prostate cancer imaging: clinical utility of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:803-810. [PMID: 28197764 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) is a relatively new method of imaging prostate cancer that increases diagnostic accuracy in detecting and guiding management in various stages of the disease pathway. Gallium-68-labelled PSMA PET has increased the sensitivity of detection of disease recurrence at low PSA levels, thus allowing an optimal window for salvage treatment. Apart from its use in disease recurrence, PSMA PET has the potential for increasing sensitivity and specificity for primary tumour localisation and in detecting lymph node disease, leading to a more accurate initial staging of the condition. In advanced disease, the use of PSMA PET may be able to assess response to treatment and also guide treatment with radionuclide therapy. Newer ligands under development might provide avenues for theranostic or personalised therapy applications with early data showing high PSA response rates. The rate of translation of PSMA PET into clinical practice has been remarkable. The use of this modality is likely to increase with future efforts to modify the radiotracer including 18F labelling to improve availability.
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102
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Siva S, Callahan J, Pryor D, Martin J, Lawrentschuk N, Hofman MS. Utility of 68
Ga prostate specific membrane antigen - positron emission tomography in diagnosis and response assessment of recurrent renal cell carcinoma. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2017; 61:372-378. [DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Siva
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jason Callahan
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David Pryor
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jarad Martin
- Calvary Mater Hospital; Waratah New South Wales Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Division of Cancer Surgery; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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103
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Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Salas Fragomeni RA, Drzezga A, Pomper MG. Clinical Experience with 18F-Labeled Small Molecule Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. PET Clin 2017; 12:235-241. [PMID: 28267456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. Despite the large number of men who will suffer from PCa at some point during their lives, conventional imaging modalities for this important disease (contrast-enhanced computed tomography, bone scan, and MR imaging) have provided only marginal to moderate success in appropriately guiding patient management in certain clinical contexts. In this review, the authors discuss radiofluorinated small molecule radiotracers that have been developed to bind to the transmembrane glycoprotein prostate-specific membrane antigen, a target that is nearly universally overexpressed on PCa epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roberto A Salas Fragomeni
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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104
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Lütje S, Sauerwein W, Lauenstein T, Bockisch A, Poeppel TD. In Vivo Visualization of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland. Clin Nucl Med 2017; 41:476-7. [PMID: 27055136 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in the neovasculature of several malignancies, it might serve as a target in oncology. Ga-PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI were performed in a female who developed pulmonary metastases from an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right sublingual salivary gland after incomplete resection of the primary tumor and radiotherapy. Uptake of Ga-PSMA in tumors was observed, indicating PSMA expression. Moreover, a new cerebral metastasis was detected. Potentially, Ga-PSMA PET might be used for noninvasive assessment of adenoid cystic carcinoma to evaluate whether patients apply for PSMA-based radiotherapy when no further treatment options are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lütje
- From the *Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, †BNCTeam, Department for Radiation-Oncology, and ‡Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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105
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Bonvin D, Bastiaansen JAM, Stuber M, Hofmann H, Mionić Ebersold M. Folic acid on iron oxide nanoparticles: platform with high potential for simultaneous targeting, MRI detection and hyperthermia treatment of lymph node metastases of prostate cancer. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12692-12704. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid directly bound to the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles with simultaneously high targeting, MRI relaxivity and heating efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bonvin
- Powder Technology Laboratory
- Insitute of Materials
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Jessica A. M. Bastiaansen
- Department of Radiology
- University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)
- Switzerland
- Center of Biomedical Imaging (CIBM)
- Lausanne
| | - Matthias Stuber
- Department of Radiology
- University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)
- Switzerland
- Center of Biomedical Imaging (CIBM)
- Lausanne
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Powder Technology Laboratory
- Insitute of Materials
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Marijana Mionić Ebersold
- Powder Technology Laboratory
- Insitute of Materials
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
- Switzerland
- Department of Radiology
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106
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Rhee H, Blazak J, Tham CM, Ng KL, Shepherd B, Lawson M, Preston J, Vela I, Thomas P, Wood S. Pilot study: use of gallium-68 PSMA PET for detection of metastatic lesions in patients with renal tumour. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:76. [PMID: 27771904 PMCID: PMC5075321 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we prospectively evaluate the diagnostic potential of a gallium-68 (68Ga) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding ligand and positron emission tomography (PET) in detecting metastatic lesions in patients with renal tumour. The secondary aim was to determine whether the findings would result in the alteration of patient management. Results Ten patients with renal lesion and potential metastatic disease on conventional imaging were recruited. Patients underwent PSMA PET in addition to standard imaging. Nine patients underwent nephrectomy and 4 patients underwent additional targeted biopsy to provide specimens for histopathological validation. There were 89 pathological lesions on CT, of which 32 were removed or biopsied for histopathological correlation. With PSMA PET, 86 PET avid lesions were identified with 36 samples being available for analysis. Thirty-five of 36 samples were positive for renal cell carcinoma deposits, whilst 1 sample was inconclusive for diagnosis on biopsy. For the histologically confirmed lesions, there were no false-negative PSMA PET lesions; however, CT was false negative in 11. In two patients, surgical strategies were changed based on PSMA PET findings. Conclusions PSMA PET may potentially have a role in the preoperative staging of advanced renal cell carcinoma as PET detected multiple histologically proven metastatic lesions which were false negative on CT scanning, resulting in change in surgical strategies in some patients. We cautiously support a larger study to confirm these results and to assess the longitudinal impact on patient outcomes. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12615000854538. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0231-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handoo Rhee
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia. .,University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - John Blazak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chui Ming Tham
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Keng Lim Ng
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Shepherd
- Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malcolm Lawson
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - John Preston
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Thomas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Wood
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
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107
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Using prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma for imaging advanced disease. Pathology 2016; 48:613-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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108
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109
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Detection of 18F-FDG PET/CT Occult Lesions With 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in a Patient With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med 2016; 41:83-5. [PMID: 26402128 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is common with more than 60,000 new cases in the United States yearly. No curative therapies are available for metastatic RCC. Improved methods of imaging metastatic RCC would be of value in identifying sites of occult disease and potentially for judging response to therapy. A 58-year-old man with known metastatic clear cell RCC was imaged with both 18F-FDG and 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT. 18F-DCFPyL is a small molecule inhibitor of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a target known to be highly expressed on solid tumor neovasculature. Relative to 18F-FDG, 18F-DCFPyL identified more lesions and demonstrated higher tumor radiotracer uptake.
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110
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Nguyen DP, Xiong PL, Liu H, Pan S, Leconet W, Navarro V, Guo M, Moy J, Kim S, Ramirez-Fort MK, Batra JS, Bander NH. Induction of PSMA and Internalization of an Anti-PSMA mAb in the Vascular Compartment. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1045-1053. [PMID: 27458033 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and survival and involves interactions between cancer and endothelial cells. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA/FOLH1) is expressed in the neovasculature of several types of cancer. However, the study of neovascular PSMA expression has been impeded as human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures are PSMA-negative and both tumor xenografts and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are not known to express PSMA in their vasculature. Therefore, PSMA expression was examined in HUVECs, in vitro and in vivo, and we tested the hypothesis that cancer cell-HUVEC crosstalk could induce the expression of PSMA in HUVECs. Interestingly, conditioned media from several cancer cell lines induced PSMA expression in HUVECs, in vitro, and these lines induced PSMA, in vivo, in a HUVEC coimplantation mouse model. Furthermore, HUVECs in which PSMA expression was induced were able to internalize J591, a mAb that recognizes an extracellular epitope of PSMA as well as nanoparticles bearing a PSMA-binding ligand/inhibitor. These findings offer new avenues to study the molecular mechanism responsible for tumor cell induction of PSMA in neovasculature as well as the biological role of PSMA in neovasculature. Finally, these data suggest that PSMA-targeted therapies could synergize with antiangiogenic and/or other antitumor agents and provide a promising model system to test therapeutic modalities that target PSMA in these settings. IMPLICATIONS Cancer cells are able to induce PSMA expression in HUVECs, in vitro and in vivo, allowing internalization of PSMA-specific mAbs and nanoparticles bearing a PSMA-binding ligand/inhibitor. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1045-53. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Nguyen
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
- Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter L Xiong
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - He Liu
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Samuel Pan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Wilhem Leconet
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan Moy
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sae Kim
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Marigdalia K Ramirez-Fort
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jaspreet S Batra
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Neil H Bander
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
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111
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Gorin MA, Rowe SP, Hooper JE, Kates M, Hammers HJ, Szabo Z, Pomper MG, Allaf ME. PSMA-Targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT Imaging of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from a Rapid Autopsy. Eur Urol 2016; 71:145-146. [PMID: 27363386 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jody E Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Max Kates
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans-Joerg Hammers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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112
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Banerjee SR, Chen Z, Pullambhatla M, Lisok A, Chen J, Mease RC, Pomper MG. Preclinical Comparative Study of (68)Ga-Labeled DOTA, NOTA, and HBED-CC Chelated Radiotracers for Targeting PSMA. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1447-55. [PMID: 27076393 PMCID: PMC5290997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(68)Ga-labeled, low-molecular-weight imaging agents that target the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are increasingly used clinically to detect prostate and other cancers with positron emission tomography (PET). The goal of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of three PSMA-targeted radiotracers: (68)Ga-1, using DOTA-monoamide as the chelating agent; (68)Ga-2, containing the macrocyclic chelating agent p-SCN-Bn-NOTA; and (68)Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11, currently in clinical trials, which uses the acyclic chelating agent, HBED-CC. The PSMA-targeting scaffold for all three agents utilized a similar Glu-urea-Lys-linker construct. Each radiotracer enabled visualization of PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor, kidney, and urinary bladder as early as 15 min post-injection using small animal PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). (68)Ga-2 demonstrated the fastest rate of clearance from all tissues in this series and displayed higher uptake in PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor compared to (68)Ga-1 at 1 h post-injection. There was no significant difference in PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor uptake for the three agents at 2 and 3 h post-injection. (68)Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 demonstrated the highest uptake and retention in normal tissues, including kidney, blood, spleen, and salivary glands and PSMA-negative PC3 flu tumors up to 3 h post-injection. In this preclinical evaluation (68)Ga-2 had the most advantageous characteristics for PSMA-targeted PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Zhengping Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Jian Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Ronnie C. Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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113
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Sawicki LM, Buchbender C, Boos J, Giessing M, Ermert J, Antke C, Antoch G, Hautzel H. Diagnostic potential of PET/CT using a 68Ga-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand in whole-body staging of renal cell carcinoma: initial experience. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 44:102-107. [PMID: 26996777 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic potential of whole-body PET/CT using a 68Ga-labelled PSMA ligand in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS Six patients with histopathologically proven RCC underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Each PET/CT scan was evaluated in relation to lesion count, location and dignity. SUVmax was measured in primary tumours and PET-positive metastases. Tumour-to-background SUVmax ratios (TBRSUVmax) were calculated for primary RCCs in relation to the surrounding normal renal parenchyma. Metastasis-to-background SUVmax ratios (MBRSUVmax) were calculated for PET-positive metastases in relation to gluteal muscle. RESULTS Five primary RCCs and 16 metastases were evaluated. The mean SUVmax of the primary RCCs was 9.9 ± 9.2 (range 1.7 - 27.2). Due to high uptake in the surrounding renal parenchyma, the mean TBRSUVmax of the primary RCCs was only 0.2 ± 0.3 (range 0.02 - 0.7). Eight metastases showed focal 68Ga-PSMA uptake (SUVmax 9.9 ± 8.3, range 3.4 - 25.6). The mean MBRSUVmax of these PET-positive metastases was 11.7 ± 0.2 (range 4.4 - 28.1). All PET-negative metastases were subcentimetre lung metastases. CONCLUSION 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT appears to be a promising method for detecting RCC metastases. However, no additional diagnostic value in assessing the primary tumour was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino M Sawicki
- Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Buchbender
- Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Boos
- Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Giessing
- Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, University Dusseldorf, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Juelich Research Center, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christina Antke
- Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Dusseldorf, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Antoch
- Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hautzel
- Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Dusseldorf, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
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114
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Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Hammers HJ, Som Javadi M, Hawasli H, Szabo Z, Cho SY, Pomper MG, Allaf ME. Imaging of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with PSMA-targeted ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:877-82. [PMID: 26286635 PMCID: PMC4666821 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-1017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) provides a powerful means of identifying and characterizing cancerous processes, as well as providing a quantitative framework within which response to therapy can be ascertained. Unfortunately, the most commonly used PET radiotracer, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), has not demonstrated a definitive role in determining response to therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). As a result, new radiotracers able to reliably image RCC could be of tremendous value for this purpose. METHODS Five patients with known metastatic RCC were imaged with the low-molecular weight radiotracer ¹⁸F-DCFPyL, an inhibitor of the prostate-specific membrane antigen at 60 min post injection. ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET/CT and conventional images (either contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) were centrally reviewed for suspected sites of disease. RESULTS In all five patients imaged, sites of putative metastatic disease were readily identifiable by abnormal ¹⁸F-DCFPyL uptake, with overall more lesions detected than on conventional imaging. These PET-detected sites included lymph nodes, pancreatic parenchymal lesions, lung parenchymal lesions, a brain parenchymal lesion, and other soft tissue sites. ¹⁸F-DCFPyL uptake ranged from subtle to intense with maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) for the identified lesions of 1.6-19.3. Based upon this small patient series, limited pathology and imaging follow-up of these patients suggests a higher sensitivity for ¹⁸F-DCFPyL compared to conventional imaging in the detection of metastatic RCC (94.7 versus 78.9%). CONCLUSIONS PSMA expression in the tumor neovasculature of RCC has been previously established and is believed to provide the basis for the imaging findings presented here. PSMA-based PET/CT with radiotracers such as ¹⁸F-DCFPyL may allow more accurate staging of patients with RCC and conceivably the ability to predict and follow therapy in patients treated with agents targeting the neovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street Park 223, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hans J Hammers
- The Department of Medical Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Som Javadi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hazem Hawasli
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steve Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Department of Medical Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street Park 223, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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115
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Abstract
Patients presenting with a clinically localized renal mass should ideally be managed with a risk-adapted approach that incorporates data regarding the metastatic potential of a given tumour. Unfortunately, currently available anatomical imaging techniques are unable to reliably distinguish between the various types of renal tumours, which include both benign and malignant histologies. Nuclear imaging offers a potential noninvasive means to characterize clinically localized renal tumours. A number of nuclear imaging tests are currently under investigation for this purpose and might one day be incorporated into patient care.
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116
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Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in lung cancer cells and tumor neovasculature endothelial cells and its clinical significance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125924. [PMID: 25978404 PMCID: PMC4433228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been found in tumor neovasculature endothelial cells (NECs) of non-prostate cancers and may become the most promising target for anti-tumor therapy. To study the value of PSMA as a potential new target for lung cancer treatment, PSMA expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tissues and its relationship with clinicopathology were investigated in the current study. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect PSMA expression in a total of 150 lung specimens of patients with lung cancer. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results The percentages of NSCLC patients who had PSMA (+) tumor cells and PSMA (+) NECs were 54.02% and 85.06%, respectively. The percentage of patients younger than 60 years old who had PSMA (+) tumor cells was 69.05%, which was significantly greater than the percentage of patients aged 60 years or older (40.00%, p<0.05). A significant difference was observed in the percentage of NSCLC patients with PMSA (+) NECs and stage I or II cancer (92.98%) and those patients with stage III or IV cancer (76.77%). In the SCLC tissues, NEC PSMA expression (70.00%) did not differ significantly from NSCLC. SCLC tumor cells and normal lung tissues cells were all negative. There was no significant correlation between the presence of PSMA (+) NECs in SCLC patients and the observed clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions PSMA is expressed not only in NECs of NSCLC and SCLC but also in tumor cells of most NSCLC patients. The presence of PSMA (+) tumor cells and PSMA (+) NECs in NSCLC was negatively correlated with age and the clinicopathological stage of the patients, respectively.
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Pandit-Taskar N, O'Donoghue JA, Divgi CR, Wills EA, Schwartz L, Gönen M, Smith-Jones P, Bander NH, Scher HI, Larson SM, Morris MJ. Indium 111-labeled J591 anti-PSMA antibody for vascular targeted imaging in progressive solid tumors. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:28. [PMID: 25984435 PMCID: PMC4425739 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND J591 is a monoclonal antibody that targets the external domain of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Besides prostate cancer cells, it also targets the neovasculature of non-prostate solid tumors. We provide an analysis of the antibody mass-dose dependency of lesion uptake and normal tissue retention, together with an assessment of lesion detectability using (111)In-J591 imaging, compared with conventional imaging in patients with a variety of solid tumors. METHODS Twenty patients in six cohorts received fixed amounts (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 mg) of J591 in a phase I trial. A maximum of four administrations per patient was given, with each administration separated by 3 weeks. All antibody administrations included 370 MBq (10 mCi) of (111)In labeled to 2 mg of J591 via the chelating agent DOTA. Three whole body (WB) gamma camera scans with at least one SPECT scan, along with multiple WB count-rate measurements and blood samples, were obtained for all patients. The effect of escalating antibody mass on lesion uptake and normal tissue retention was evaluated using lesion, liver, serum, and WB residence times and ratios thereof for each treatment cycle. Lesion detectability using (111)In-J591 imaging was compared to the standard imaging on a lesion-by-lesion basis. RESULTS A total of 170 lesions in 20 patients were detected by standard or (111)In-J591 imaging. (111)In-J591 targeted both skeletal and soft tissue diseases in all tumor types. (111)In-J591 imaging identified 74% (20/27) of skeletal lesions, 53% (18/34) of nodes, and 64% (70/109) of other soft tissue/organ lesions. There was increasing (111)In-J591 uptake in lesions with increasing antibody mass-dose, coupled with decreasing retention in the liver for increments up to 20 mg, and no significant change at higher antibody mass. CONCLUSIONS Radiolabeled J591 antibody has potential as a targeting agent for solid tumor vasculature and lesion detection. Bone and soft tissue lesions arising from tumors of diverse origin were targeted by the anti-PSMA antibody J591. For the detection of lesions in these tumors by J591 antibody scans, an antibody mass of 20 mg is adequate. The optimal time of imaging is 5 to 7 days post-injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ; Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Joseph A O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Chaitanya R Divgi
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Eze A Wills
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Lawrence Schwartz
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Peter Smith-Jones
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Neil H Bander
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ; Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Steven M Larson
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ; Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Michael J Morris
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ; Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
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Tykvart J, Navrátil V, Sedlák F, Corey E, Colombatti M, Fracasso G, Koukolík F, Bařinka C, Sácha P, Konvalinka J. Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Prostate 2014; 74:1674-90. [PMID: 25262926 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), is generally recognized as a diagnostic and therapeutic cancer antigen and a molecular address for targeted imaging and drug delivery studies. Due to its significance in cancer research, numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GCPII have been described and marketed in the past decades. Unfortunately, some of these mAbs are poorly characterized, which might lead to their inappropriate use and misinterpretation of the acquired results. METHODS We collected the 13 most frequently used mAbs against GCPII and quantitatively characterized their binding to GCPII by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Using a peptide library, we mapped epitopes recognized by a given mAb. Finally, we assessed the applicability of these mAbs to routine experimental setups, including Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. RESULTS ELISA and SPR analyses revealed that mAbs J591, J415, D2B, 107-1A4, GCP-05, and 2G7 bind preferentially to GCPII in native form, while mAbs YPSMA-1, YPSMA-2, GCP-02, GCP-04, and 3E6 bind solely to denatured GCPII. mAbs 24.4E6 and 7E11-C5.3 recognize both forms of GCPII. Additionally, we determined that GCP-02 and 3E6 cross-react with mouse GCPII, while GCP-04 recognizes GCPII and GCPIII proteins from both human and mouse. CONCLUSION This comparative analysis provides the first detailed quantitative characterization of the most commonly used mAbs against GCPII and can serve as a guideline for the scientific community to use them in a proper and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tykvart
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
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Demirci E, Ocak M, Kabasakal L, Decristoforo C, Talat Z, Halaç M, Kanmaz B. (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:1461-2. [PMID: 24756358 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Demirci
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
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Ristau BT, O'Keefe DS, Bacich DJ. The prostate-specific membrane antigen: lessons and current clinical implications from 20 years of research. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:272-9. [PMID: 24321253 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite a multitude of detection and treatment advances in the past 2 decades, prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of deaths due to cancer among men in the United States. Technological evolution and expanding knowledge of tumor biomarkers have invigorated exploration in prostate cancer therapeutics. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was one of the first prostate cancer biomarkers successfully cloned. Since then, it has been characterized as the prototypical cell-surface marker for prostate cancer and has been the subject of intense clinical inquiry. In this article, we review the relevant research in PSMA on the 20th anniversary of its cloning. METHODS AND MATERIALS A PubMed search using the keywords "prostate-specific membrane antigen" or "glutamate carboxypeptidase II" provided 1019 results. An additional 3 abstracts were included from scientific meetings. Articles were vetted by title and abstract with emphasis placed on those with clinically relevant findings. RESULTS Sixty articles were selected for inclusion. PSMA was discovered and cloned in 1993. Its structure and function were further delineated in the ensuing decade. Consensus sites of expression in normal physiology are prostate, kidney, nervous system, and small intestine. PSMA has been implicated in the neovasculature of several tumors including urothelial and renal cell carcinomas. In prostate cancer, expression of PSMA is directly related to the Gleason grade. PSMA has been tested both in imaging and therapeutics in a number of prostate cancer clinical trials. Several recent approaches to target PSMA include the use of small molecule inhibitors, PSMA-based immunotherapy, RNA aptamer conjugates, and PSMA-targeted prodrug therapy. Future study of PSMA in prostate cancer might focus on its intracellular functions and possible role in tumor neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Twenty years from its discovery, PSMA represents a viable biomarker and treatment target in prostate cancer. Research to delineate its precise role in prostate carcinogenesis and within the therapeutic armamentarium for patients with prostate cancer remains encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Ristau
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Denise S O'Keefe
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Dean J Bacich
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Chen Y, Pullambhatla M, Banerjee SR, Byun Y, Stathis M, Rojas C, Slusher BS, Mease RC, Pomper MG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of low molecular weight fluorescent imaging agents for the prostate-specific membrane antigen. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2377-85. [PMID: 23157641 DOI: 10.1021/bc3003919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging can be used in vivo to detect specific tissues, including malignant cells. A series of NIR fluorescent ligands targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was synthesized and each compound was tested for its ability to image PSMA+ tissues in experimental models of prostate cancer. The agents were prepared by conjugating commercially available active esters of NIR dyes, including IRDye800CW, IRDye800RS, Cy5.5, Cy7, or a derivative of indocyanine green (ICG) to the terminal amine group of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid 1, (14S,18S)-1-amino-8,16-dioxo-3,6-dioxa-9,15,17-triazaicosane-14,18,20-tricarboxylic acid 2 and (3S,7S)-26-amino-5,13,20-trioxo-4,6,12,21-tetraazahexacosane-1,3,7,22-tetracarboxylic acid 3. The K(i) values for the dye-inhibitor conjugates ranged from 1 to 700 pM. All compounds proved capable of imaging PSMA+ tumors selectively to varying degrees depending on the choice of fluorophore and linker. The highest tumor uptake was observed with IRDye800CW employing a poly(ethylene glycol) or lysine-suberate linker, as in 800CW-2 and 800CW-3, while the highest tumor to nontarget tissue ratios were obtained for Cy7 with these same linkers, as in Cy7-2 and Cy7-3. Compounds 2 and 3 provide useful scaffolds for targeting of PSMA+ tissues in vivo and should be useful for preparing NIR dye conjugates designed specifically for clinical intraoperative optical imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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High expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in the tumor-associated neo-vasculature is associated with worse prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:1079-85. [PMID: 22460809 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein expressed in prostate cancer as well as in the neo-vasculature of nonprostatic solid tumors. Here, we determined the expression pattern of PSMA in the vasculature of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Using a previously validated antibody, PSMA staining distribution and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression status was evaluated in a cohort of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (n=96) using immunohistochemistry and was correlated with clinicopathological features as well as outcome. Twenty-four (25%) cases showed no detectable PSMA staining, 48 (50%) demonstrated positive immunoreactivity for PSMA in less than 50% of microvessels and 24 (25%) cases showed strong endothelial PSMA expression in more than 50% of tumor-associated microvessels. High endothelial PSMA expression was associated with greatly reduced survival (18.2 vs 77.3 months; P=0.0001) and maintained prognostic significance after adjusting for grade and stage in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio=2.19, P=0.007). Furthermore, we observed a strong association between endothelial PSMA and cancer cell-specific COX2 expression. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for the prognostic significance of endothelial PSMA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and, suggest a potential interaction between arachidonic acid metabolites and endothelial PSMA expression in the tumor neo-vasculature.
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Zhao Y, Duan S, Zeng X, Liu C, Davies NM, Li B, Forrest ML. Prodrug strategy for PSMA-targeted delivery of TGX-221 to prostate cancer cells. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1705-16. [PMID: 22494444 DOI: 10.1021/mp3000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TGX-221 is a potent, selective, and cell membrane permeable inhibitor of the PI3K p110β catalytic subunit. Recent studies showed that TGX-221 has antiproliferative activity against PTEN-deficient tumor cell lines including prostate cancers. The objective of this study was to develop an encapsulation system for parenterally delivering TGX-221 to the target tissue through a prostate-specific membrane aptamer (PSMAa10) with little or no side effects. In this study, PEG-PCL micelles were formulated to encapsulate the drug, and a prodrug strategy was pursued to improve the stability of the carrier system. Fluorescence imaging studies demonstrated that the cellular uptake of both drug and nanoparticles was significantly improved by targeted micelles in a PSMA positive cell line. The area under the plasma concentration time curve of the micelle formulation in nude mice was 2.27-fold greater than that of the naked drug, and the drug clearance rate was 6.16-fold slower. These findings suggest a novel formulation approach for improving site-specific drug delivery of a molecular-targeted prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas , Simons Laboratories, 2095 Constant Ave. Rm. 136B, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Gupta S, Carballido E, Fishman M. Sipuleucel-T for therapy of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, castrate-refractory prostate cancer: an update and perspective among other treatments. Onco Targets Ther 2011; 4:79-96. [PMID: 21792315 PMCID: PMC3143908 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cell immunotherapy for castrate-refractory prostate cancer, with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic prostate cancer. In this review we address the background of prostate cancer incidence and other available therapy onto which sipuleucel-T treatment has been added, with discussion of hormone-therapy, chemotherapy, and other investigational immunotherapies. The sipuleucel-T manufacturing process, toxicity and clinical benefit are reviewed, along with an examination of the issue of clinical benefit to survival, independent of apparent changes of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Sipuleucel-T therapy is appraised from clinician, patient and immunotherapeutic perspectives, with reference to the clinical data from the pivotal trial, the mechanism of action, and the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Fishman M. A changing world for DCvax: a PSMA loaded autologous dendritic cell vaccine for prostate cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 9:1565-75. [PMID: 19916735 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903446921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Northwest Therapeutics' DCvax-prostate consists of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) peptides, administered intravenously. Phase I-II testing, a decade ago, showed clinical benefit and immunological response in some patients. More recently DCvax brain, a product using a similar DC platform showed encouraging Phase I-II results and sipleucel-T, a prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)-directed DC immunotherapy had positive Phase III results. OBJECTIVE Features of the clinical setting into which a new immunotherapy could be introduced are discussed, to refine a perspective on DCvax-prostate in the context of evolving prostate cancer therapeutics. PSMA-directed therapeutics and immune anticancer technologies are reviewed, and the clinical and immunological correlative testing of DCvax-prostate is discussed. METHODS Clinical and preclinical data from peer-reviewed literature, meetings proceedings and manufacturer-provided information are considered. CONCLUSION DCvax-prostate had encouraging early-phase trial results, but development and testing had stalled. As a more detailed understanding of patient-selection for capacity for anticancer immune response, the quantitation of immunological correlates, and the changing marketplace develop, it is appealing to consider a well tolerated, PSMA-directed autologous dendritic cell therapeutic product. Further clinical trial development of DCvax-prostate is warranted, and required if it is to find a relevant clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayer Fishman
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Garetto S, Sizzano F, Brusa D, Tizzani A, Malavasi F, Matera L. Binding of prostate-specific membrane antigen to dendritic cells: a critical step in vaccine preparation. Cytotherapy 2010; 11:1090-100. [PMID: 19929472 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903164971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines hold promise as a safe therapy for prostate cancer (PCa), and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) fulfils the requirements for a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) to be clinically effective. We evaluated the actual binding of selected HLA-A2-restricted PSMA peptides to HLA class I molecules on ex vivo-generated mature (m) DC. METHODS mDC were generated from peripheral monocytes of HLA-A2 normal donors. The PSMA peptides PSMA(711) (ALFDIESKV), PSMA(27) (VLAGGFFLL) and PSMA(663) (MMNDQLMFL) were selected based on computer-assisted prediction programs, documented CTL epitope activity or previous use in clinical trials. The model cell line T2 and the clinical grade (CD83+ CCR7+) mDC were pulsed with fluorescein (FL)-conjugated peptides and an anti-HLA-A2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and analyzed. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed best binding efficiency to be by PSMA(27.) Confocal microscopy confirmed coincident fluorescence emission of HLA-A2 MAb and FL-PSMA(27). Virtual co-localization of PSMA(27) and HLA class I molecules was supported further by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. The clinical relevance of our findings has to be validated in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The present report is the first to score selected PSMA peptides based on their detectable binding to mDC. It identifies PSMA(27) as the choice candidate among other PSMA peptides and it should be included in developing DC vaccine protocols for HLA-A2 PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Garetto
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Matera L. The choice of the antigen in the dendritic cell-based vaccine therapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 36:131-41. [PMID: 19954892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Tumor antigens (TA) are promising candidates for targeted treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Critical issues in the preparation of dendritic cell (DC)-based TA vaccines are the DC maturation state and the appropriateness of the TA. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acide pshosphatase (PAP) presented by DC have produced encouraging results and PAP-loaded DCs are at late-stage development for PCa patients. TAs indispensable for tumor survival and propagation are now emerging as first choice TAs for future vaccines. The increased expression and enzymatic activity of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) by aggressive prostate tumors is indicative of a unique, selective advantage on the part of cells expressing them. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and survivin are both involved in tumor cell survival and considered universal TAs. The T cell epitope potential of peptides derived from these TAs has been defined by computer-assisted prediction programs and has been tested in vitro and in vivo in terms of their ability to recruit cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and to be recognised as CTL targets. Results, reviewed here, show that anti-tumor immunity can be induced in vivo by DC loaded with both whole TAs and TA peptides. The promising, but still limited clinical success suggests further exploration of this immune therapy in the more appropriate setting of minimal disease. In advanced stages, vaccine can still be effective when combined with systemic or local cytoreductive therapies, which may overcome antigen specific tolerance and subvert the tumor immunosuppressive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Matera
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Chen Y, Dhara S, Banerjee SR, Byun Y, Pullambhatla M, Mease RC, Pomper MG. A low molecular weight PSMA-based fluorescent imaging agent for cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:624-9. [PMID: 19818734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized YC-27 3 to provide a fluorescent imaging agent for the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker for hormone-independent prostate cancer and tumor neovasculature, with suitable pharmacokinetics for use in vivo. Immediate precursor trifluoroacetate salt of 2-(3-{5-[7-(5-amino-1-carboxy-pentylcarbamoyl)-heptanoylamino]-1-carboxy-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid 2 was conjugated with a commercially available near-infrared light-emitting dye (IRDye 800CW) to provide 3 in 72% yield. YC-27 3 demonstrated a PSMA inhibitory activity of 0.37nM and was capable of generating target-to-nontarget ratios of at least 10 in PSMA-expressing PC3-PIP vs. PSMA-negative PC3-flu tumors in vivo. YC-27 3 may be useful for study of PSMA-expressing tissue in preclinical models or for intraoperative guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Wang W, Tavora F, Sharma R, Eisenberger M, Netto GJ. PSMA expression in Schwannoma: A potential clinical mimicker of metastatic prostate carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2009; 27:525-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haffner MC, Kronberger IE, Ross JS, Sheehan CE, Zitt M, Mühlmann G, Ofner D, Zelger B, Ensinger C, Yang XJ, Geley S, Margreiter R, Bander NH. Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in the neovasculature of gastric and colorectal cancers. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:1754-61. [PMID: 19716160 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II transmembrane metallo-peptidase highly overexpressed in prostate cancer cells, has been studied as a targeting molecule in prostate cancer. Recently, PSMA has also been found to be expressed in the neovasculature of multiple nonprostatic solid tumors. Because of its unique expression pattern limited to tumor-associated endothelial cells, PSMA may also be an interesting molecule for vascular targeting. In this study, PSMA expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 119 cases of primary gastric adenocarcinoma, 130 cases of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma, and 24 metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Expression data were correlated with clinicopathologic information. PSMA expression was detected in tumor-associated neovasculature of 79 (66%) of 119 gastric and 110 (85%) of 130 colorectal carcinomas. Furthermore, the neovasculatures of 16 (84%) of 19 liver and 4 (80%) of 5 nodal metastases from colorectal carcinomas were prostate-specific membrane antigen positive. There was a trend for high-grade tumors to higher PSMA expression (Spearman r = 0.18, P = .046) in colorectal cancers. No association between PSMA expression and overall- or disease-free survival was observed in gastric or colorectal cancers. This study provides the first in-depth look at PSMA expression in gastric and colorectal cancer. Because of its highly tumor-restricted expression and its accessibility to targeted therapy, PSMA represents a promising therapeutic and diagnostic target in colorectal and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Haffner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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