101
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Franco A, Ciccarelli M, Sorriento D, Napolitano L, Fiordelisi A, Trimarco B, Durante M, Iaccarino G. Rays Sting: The Acute Cellular Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Transl Med UniSa 2016; 14:42-53. [PMID: 27326395 PMCID: PMC4912338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-precision radiation therapy is a clinical approach that uses the targeted delivery of ionizing radiation, and the subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in high proliferative, radiation sensitive cancers. In particular, in thoracic cancer ratdiation treatments, can not avoid a certain amount of cardiac toxicity. Given the low proliferative rate of cardiac myocytes, research has looked at the effect of radiation on endothelial cells and consequent coronary heart disease as the mechanism of ratdiation induced cardiotoxicity. In fact, little is known concerning the direct effect of radiation on mitochondria dynamis in cardiomyocyte. The main effect of ionizing radiation is the production of ROS and recent works have uncovered that they directly participates to pivotal cell function like mitochondrial quality control. In particular ROS seems to act as check point within the cell to promote either mitochondrial biogenesis and survival or mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Thus, it appears evident that the functional state of the cell, as well as the expression patterns of molecules involved in mitochondrial metabolism may differently modulate mitochondrial fate in response to radiation induced ROS responses. Different molecules have been described to localize to mitochondria and regulate ROS production in response to stress, in particular GRK2. In this review we will discuss the evidences on the cardiac toxicity induced by X ray radiation on cardiomyocytes with emphasis on the role played by mitochondria dynamism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - M Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
| | | | - L Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - A Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - B Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - M Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - G Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
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102
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Schiattarella GG, Cattaneo F, Pironti G, Magliulo F, Carotenuto G, Pirozzi M, Polishchuk R, Borzacchiello D, Paolillo R, Oliveti M, Boccella N, Avvedimento M, Sepe M, Lombardi A, Busiello RA, Trimarco B, Esposito G, Feliciello A, Perrino C. Akap1 Deficiency Promotes Mitochondrial Aberrations and Exacerbates Cardiac Injury Following Permanent Coronary Ligation via Enhanced Mitophagy and Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154076. [PMID: 27136357 PMCID: PMC4852950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) transmit signals cues from seven-transmembrane receptors to specific sub-cellular locations. Mitochondrial AKAPs encoded by the Akap1 gene have been shown to modulate mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the heart. Under conditions of hypoxia, mitochondrial AKAP121 undergoes proteolytic degradation mediated, at least in part, by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Seven In-Absentia Homolog 2 (Siah2). In the present study we hypothesized that Akap1 might be crucial to preserve mitochondrial function and structure, and cardiac responses to myocardial ischemia. To test this, eight-week-old Akap1 knockout mice (Akap1-/-), Siah2 knockout mice (Siah2-/-) or their wild-type (wt) littermates underwent myocardial infarction (MI) by permanent left coronary artery ligation. Age and gender matched mice of either genotype underwent a left thoracotomy without coronary ligation and were used as controls (sham). Twenty-four hours after coronary ligation, Akap1-/- mice displayed larger infarct size compared to Siah2-/- or wt mice. One week after MI, cardiac function and survival were also significantly reduced in Akap1-/- mice, while cardiac fibrosis was significantly increased. Akap1 deletion was associated with remarkable mitochondrial structural abnormalities at electron microscopy, increased ROS production and reduced mitochondrial function after MI. These alterations were associated with enhanced cardiac mitophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine significantly reduced apoptosis and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction following MI in Akap1-/- mice. These results demonstrate that Akap1 deficiency promotes cardiac mitochondrial aberrations and mitophagy, enhancing infarct size, pathological cardiac remodeling and mortality under ischemic conditions. Thus, mitochondrial AKAPs might represent important players in the development of post-ischemic cardiac remodeling and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giacomo Schiattarella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pironti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Magliulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carotenuto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IBP), Naples, Italy
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetic and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Boccella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marisa Avvedimento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (CP); (GE)
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (CP); (GE)
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103
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Cho GW, Altamirano F, Hill JA. Chronic heart failure: Ca(2+), catabolism, and catastrophic cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:763-777. [PMID: 26775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robust successes have been achieved in recent years in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Many patients who previously would have died now survive to enjoy happy and productive lives. Nevertheless, the devastating impact of heart disease continues unabated, as the spectrum of disease has evolved with new manifestations. In light of this ever-evolving challenge, insights that culminate in novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Here, we review fundamental mechanisms of heart failure, both with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. We discuss pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte remodeling and turnover, focusing on Ca(2+) signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis. In particular, we highlight recent insights pointing to novel connections among these events. We also explore mechanisms whereby potential therapeutic approaches targeting these processes may improve morbidity and mortality in the devastating syndrome of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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104
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Srivastava A, McGinniss J, Wong Y, Shinn AS, Lam TT, Lee PJ, Mannam P. MKK3 deletion improves mitochondrial quality. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:373-84. [PMID: 26119780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a severe response to infection, leads to excessive inflammation and is the major cause of mortality in intensive care units. Mitochondria have been shown to influence the outcome of septic injury. We have previously shown that MAP kinase kinase 3 (MKK3)(-/-) mice are resistant to septic injury and MKK3(-/-) macrophages have improved mitochondrial function. In this study we examined processes that lead to improved mitochondrial quality in MKK3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and specifically the role of mitophagy in mitochondrial health. MKK3(-/-) MEFs had lower inflammatory cytokine release and oxidant production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, confirming our earlier observations. MKK3(-/-) MEFs had better mitochondrial function as measured by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP, even after LPS treatment. We observed higher mitophagy in MKK3(-/-) MEFs compared to wild type (WT). Transmission electron microscopy studies showed longer and larger mitochondria in MKK3(-/-) MEFs, indicative of healthier mitochondria. We performed a SILAC (stable isotope labeling by/with amino acids in cell culture) study to assess differences in mitochondrial proteome between WT and MKK3(-/-) MEFs and observed increased expression of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and respiratory complex subunits. Further, inhibition of mitophagy by Mdivi1 led to loss in MMP and increased cytokine secretion after LPS treatment in MKK3(-/-) MEFs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MKK3 influences mitochondrial quality by affecting the expression of mitochondrial proteins, including TCA cycle enzymes, and mitophagy, which consequently regulates the inflammatory response. Based on our results, MKK3 could be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Srivastava
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA
| | - John McGinniss
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA
| | - Yao Wong
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA
| | - Amanda S Shinn
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA; W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Patty J Lee
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA
| | - Praveen Mannam
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
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105
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Bakthisaran R, Akula KK, Tangirala R, Rao CM. Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin: Role in stress, aging and patho-physiological conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:167-82. [PMID: 26415747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND αB-crystallin, once thought to be a lenticular protein, is ubiquitous and has critical roles in several cellular processes that are modulated by phosphorylation. Serine residues 19, 45 and 59 of αB-crystallin undergo phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of S45 is mediated by p44/42 MAP kinase, whereas S59 phosphorylation is mediated by MAPKAP kinase-2. Pathway involved in S19 phosphorylation is not known. SCOPE OF REVIEW The review highlights the role of phosphorylation in (i) oligomeric structure, stability and chaperone activity, (ii) cellular processes such as apoptosis, myogenic differentiation, cell cycle regulation and angiogenesis, and (iii) aging, stress, cardiomyopathy-causing αB-crystallin mutants, and in other diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Depending on the context and extent of phosphorylation, αB-crystallin seems to confer beneficial or deleterious effects. Phosphorylation alters structure, stability, size distribution and dynamics of the oligomeric assembly, thus modulating chaperone activity and various cellular processes. Phosphorylated αB-crystallin has a tendency to partition to the cytoskeleton and hence to the insoluble fraction. Low levels of phosphorylation appear to be protective, while hyperphosphorylation has negative implications. Mutations in αB-crystallin, such as R120G, Q151X and 464delCT, associated with inherited myofibrillar myopathy lead to hyperphosphorylation and intracellular inclusions. An ongoing study in our laboratory with phosphorylation-mimicking mutants indicates that phosphorylation of R120GαB-crystallin increases its propensity to aggregate. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin has dual role that manifests either beneficial or deleterious consequences depending on the extent of phosphorylation and interaction with cytoskeleton. Considering that disease-causing mutants of αB-crystallin are hyperphosphorylated, moderation of phosphorylation may be a useful strategy in disease management. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bakthisaran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kranthi Kiran Akula
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Tangirala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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106
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McDonnell E, Peterson BS, Bomze HM, Hirschey MD. SIRT3 regulates progression and development of diseases of aging. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:486-492. [PMID: 26138757 PMCID: PMC4558250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT3 is a protein deacylase that influences almost every major aspect of mitochondrial biology, including nutrient oxidation, ATP generation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, mitochondrial dynamics, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, mice lacking SIRT3 (SIRT3KO), either spontaneously or when crossed with mouse models of disease, develop several diseases of aging at an accelerated pace, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases, and, thus, might be a valuable model of accelerated aging. In this review, we discuss functions of SIRT3 in pathways involved in diseases of aging and how the lack of SIRT3 might accelerate the aging process. We also suggest that further studies on SIRT3 will help uncover important new pathways driving the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin McDonnell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Brett S Peterson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Howard M Bomze
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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107
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Kiermayer C, Northrup E, Schrewe A, Walch A, de Angelis MH, Schoensiegel F, Zischka H, Prehn C, Adamski J, Bekeredjian R, Ivandic B, Kupatt C, Brielmeier M. Heart-Specific Knockout of the Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase (Txnrd2) Induces Metabolic and Contractile Dysfunction in the Aging Myocardium. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002153. [PMID: 26199228 PMCID: PMC4608093 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitous deletion of thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2) in mice is embryonically lethal and associated with abnormal heart development, while constitutive, heart-specific Txnrd2 inactivation leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and perinatal death. The significance of Txnrd2 in aging cardiomyocytes, however, has not yet been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS The tamoxifen-inducible heart-specific αMHC-MerCreMer transgene was used to inactivate loxP-flanked Txnrd2 alleles in adult mice. Hearts and isolated mitochondria from aged knockout mice were morphologically and functionally analyzed. Echocardiography revealed a significant increase in left ventricular end-systolic diameters in knockouts. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction were decreased compared with controls. Ultrastructural analysis of cardiomyocytes of aged mice showed mitochondrial degeneration and accumulation of autophagic bodies. A dysregulated autophagic activity was supported by higher levels of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-I (LC3-I), and p62 in knockout hearts. Isolated Txnrd2-deficient mitochondria used less oxygen and tended to produce more reactive oxygen species. Chronic hypoxia inducible factor 1, α subunit stabilization and altered transcriptional and metabolic signatures indicated that energy metabolism is deregulated. CONCLUSIONS These results imply a novel role of Txnrd2 in sustaining heart function during aging and suggest that Txnrd2 may be a modifier of heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Blood Pressure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Metabolomics/methods
- Mice, Knockout
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Oxidative Stress
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Stroke Volume
- Thioredoxin Reductase 2/deficiency
- Thioredoxin Reductase 2/genetics
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kiermayer
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Emily Northrup
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Schrewe
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Reserach Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Frank Schoensiegel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Ivandic
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU MunichMunich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunich, Germany
| | - Markus Brielmeier
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
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108
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Tocchi A, Quarles EK, Basisty N, Gitari L, Rabinovitch PS. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1424-33. [PMID: 26191650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in most developed nations. While it has received the least public attention, aging is the dominant risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases, as the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increases dramatically with increasing age. Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in impaired cardiac function, along with cellular and molecular changes. Mitochondria play a great role in these processes, as cardiac function is an energetically demanding process. In this review, we examine mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging. Recent research has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction can disrupt morphology, signaling pathways, and protein interactions; conversely, mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained by mechanisms that include fission/fusion, autophagy, and unfolded protein responses. Finally, we describe some of the recent findings in mitochondrial targeted treatments to help meet the challenges of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Tocchi
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Ellen K Quarles
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Nathan Basisty
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Lemuel Gitari
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
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109
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Drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial Hsp22: a role in resistance to oxidative stress, aging and the mitochondrial unfolding protein response. Biogerontology 2015; 17:61-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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110
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Abstract
Mitochondrial quality is a crucial determinant of cell viability, and mitochondrial autophagy plays a central role in this control mechanism. Based on studies in yeast, numerous investigations of this process have been conducted, and the framework of mammalian mitochondrial autophagy is progressively appearing. However, many enigmas about the molecular mechanisms involved remain unsolved. Furthermore, the pathological significance of mitochondrial autophagy in the heart remains largely unclear. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial autophagy in mammals with reference to that in yeast. Regarding the process in yeast, some points of uncertainty have arisen. We also summarize recent advances in the research of autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy in the heart. This article is a part of a review series on Autophagy in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Saito
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark.
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111
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Westermeier F, Navarro-Marquez M, López-Crisosto C, Bravo-Sagua R, Quiroga C, Bustamante M, Verdejo HE, Zalaquett R, Ibacache M, Parra V, Castro PF, Rothermel BA, Hill JA, Lavandero S. Defective insulin signaling and mitochondrial dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1113-8. [PMID: 25686534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common consequence of longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and encompasses structural, morphological, functional, and metabolic abnormalities in the heart. Myocardial energy metabolism depends on mitochondria, which must generate sufficient ATP to meet the high energy demands of the myocardium. Dysfunctional mitochondria are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic heart disease. A large body of evidence implicates myocardial insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of DCM. Recent studies show that insulin signaling influences myocardial energy metabolism by impacting cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dynamics and function under physiological conditions. However, comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms linking insulin signaling and changes in the architecture of the mitochondrial network in diabetic cardiomyopathy is lacking. This review summarizes our current understanding of how defective insulin signaling impacts cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy and discusses the potential role of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Westermeier
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Navarro-Marquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Zalaquett
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Ibacache
- Anesthesiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology, Dallas, TX, USA; Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology, Dallas, TX, USA; Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology, Dallas, TX, USA; Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology, Dallas, TX, USA; Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Abstract
This is an exciting time in mitochondrial biology. The mitochondrion is finally beginning to reveal some of its long held secrets. The scientific community has started to identify at the molecular level some of the key channels and transporters that have been well studied biochemically, but which have escaped molecular identification. This special issue provides state-of-the art reviews and original articles on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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