101
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Price RD, Myers S, Leigh IM, Navsaria HA. The role of hyaluronic acid in wound healing: assessment of clinical evidence. Am J Clin Dermatol 2006; 6:393-402. [PMID: 16343027 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200506060-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan), a naturally occurring polymer within the skin, has been extensively studied since its discovery in 1934. It has been used in a wide range of medical fields as diverse as orthopedics and cosmetic surgery, but it is in tissue engineering that it has been primarily advanced for treatment. The breakdown products of this large macromolecule have a range of properties that lend it specifically to this setting and also to the field of wound healing. It is non-antigenic and may be manufactured in a number of forms, ranging from gels to sheets of solid material through to lightly woven meshes. Epidermal engraftment is superior to most of the available biotechnologies and, as such, the material shows great promise in both animal and clinical studies of tissue engineering. Ongoing work centers around the ability of the molecule to enhance angiogenesis and the conversion of chronic wounds into acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Price
- South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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102
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Mhamdi L, Picart C, Lagneau C, Othmane A, Grosgogeat B, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Ponsonnet L. Study of the polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films' properties and correlation with the behavior of the human gingival fibroblasts. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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103
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Walter N, Selhuber C, Kessler H, Spatz JP. Cellular unbinding forces of initial adhesion processes on nanopatterned surfaces probed with magnetic tweezers. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:398-402. [PMID: 16522030 DOI: 10.1021/nl052168u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the dependence of unbinding forces on the distance of molecularly defined and integrin specific c(-RGDfK-) ligand patches in initial cellular adhesion processes, we developed a magnetic tweezers setup for applying vertical forces of up to 200 pN to rat embryonic fibroblasts. The ligand patch distance is controlled with a hexagonally close packed pattern of biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles prepared by block-copolymer micelle nanolithography. Each gold nanoparticle potentially activates up to one alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin. The distances between the gold nanoparticles determine the separation of individual integrins and thus the assembly of integrin clusters. The results show an increase in cellular unbinding forces from approximately 6 to more than 200 pN for a decreasing ligand distance of 145 to 58 nm after 5 min of cell adhesion. Furthermore, we observe a strong dependence on adhesion time during the first 10 min of cell surface contact suggesting an active, cooperative cell response that is controlled by the spacing between individually activated integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Walter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metals Research, Department New Materials and Biosystems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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104
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Cohen M, Kam Z, Addadi L, Geiger B. Dynamic study of the transition from hyaluronan- to integrin-mediated adhesion in chondrocytes. EMBO J 2006; 25:302-11. [PMID: 16407968 PMCID: PMC1383524 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound hyaluronan mediates the initial adhesive interactions between many cell types and external surfaces. In RCJ-P chondrocytes, such early contacts are mediated through a thick hyaluronidase-sensitive coat. The early adhesion is followed by integrin-mediated interactions and the formation of stable focal adhesions. During this process, the distance between the cell membrane and the surface is reduced from micrometers to few tens of nanometers. The transition from hyaluronan- to integrin-mediated adhesion was studied on glass surfaces by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Hyaluronan-mediated adhesion precedes focal adhesions formation by 2-10 min. After these initial interactions, the pericellular hyaluronan remains sequestered into discrete pockets between the cell and the surface, which are a few hundreds nanometers thick and a few micrometers wide, and are flanked by focal adhesions. The hyaluronan coat facilitates the nucleation of small paxillin-rich contacts, which later mature into focal adhesions. These dynamic studies demonstrate that pericellular hyaluronan mediates initial cell-surface adhesion, and regulates the formation of focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cohen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Kam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Tel.: +972 8 934 3910 or 4069; Fax: +972 8 946 5607; E-mail:
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105
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Joester D, Klein E, Geiger B, Addadi L. Temperature-Sensitive Micrometer-Thick Layers of Hyaluronan Grafted on Microspheres. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:1119-24. [PMID: 16433527 DOI: 10.1021/ja0537474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The giant polyelectrolyte glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (1-10 MDa) is a major component of the pericellular coat on a variety of cells, where it is an important modulator and mediator of early cell adhesion events. This pericellular layer can reach 5 mum thickness on cells that produce cartilage (chondrocytes), and up to 2 mum on Xenopus laevis kidney epithelial cells (A6). We are interested in generating model systems for the pericellular coat in order to learn more about the structure and function of hyaluronan on biological or artificial surfaces. We report here the synthesis of model systems where a coat of coordinatively cross-linked hyaluronan of up to 2 mum thickness was covalently photografted onto polystyrene microspheres. The hydrated coat was imaged directly by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) at close to 100% relative humidity. The key feature of the procedure is the reversible reverse-temperature phase transition of hyaluronan induced by trivalent lanthanide cations, which is exploited to achieve sufficient density for grafting of thick layers. The microsphere-grafted coat shows a temperature-dependent swelling when labeled with lanthanide ions (Gd(3+) or Tb(3+)). We directly observed a volume contraction of 20% with increasing temperature between 1 and 11 degrees C by wet-mode ESEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derk Joester
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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106
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Sawaguchi N, Majima T, Iwasaki N, Funakoshi T, Shimode K, Onodera T, Minami A. Extracellular matrix modulates expression of cell-surface proteoglycan genes in fibroblasts. Connect Tissue Res 2006; 47:141-8. [PMID: 16753807 DOI: 10.1080/03008200600685459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface proteoglycans are involved in many functions, including interactions with components of the extracellular microenvironment. They also act as coreceptors that bind and modify the actions of various growth factors, cytokines, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated the regulation by the ECM of the expression of cell-surface proteoglycans (CD44, syndecan-1-4, betaglycan, glypican-1). We examined the changes in the expression levels of cell-surface proteoglycan genes in intact tendon, monolayer culture, and under various culture conditions. There was a significant increase in the expression of CD44 and syndecan-4 mRNAs during cell isolation from the tendon. With the switch to a 3D culture environment, there was a significant increase in the expression of CD44 at each passage point relative to its expression in 2D at those passage points. Syndecan-4 mRNA also increased steadily at each passage point in 3D culture environment. This influence on cell surface proteoglycans gene expression may indicate that collagen gel culture mimics in vivo tendon environment. This study provides further insight into the regulation of cell-surface proteoglycans in ligament and tendon fibroblasts by the ECM and 3D culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sawaguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genomic Science and Technology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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107
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Kumaran V, Joseph B, Benten D, Gupta S. Integrin and extracellular matrix interactions regulate engraftment of transplanted hepatocytes in the rat liver. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:1643-53. [PMID: 16285962 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recognition and circumvention of the hepatic endothelial barrier is critical in the engraftment of transplanted cells. We examined whether interactions between integrin and extracellular matrix component receptors could be manipulated for improving transplanted cell engraftment and liver repopulation. METHODS Fischer 344 rat hepatocytes were transplanted into syngeneic dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats. Coating of cells or of liver sinusoids with natural collagen, natural laminin, or an engineered fibronectin-like polymer was studied with analysis of cell engraftment and liver repopulation using histologic and molecular assays. Focal adhesion complexes were identified by vinculin immunostaining. The role of integrin receptors in cell engraftment was analyzed with RGD peptide inhibition assays. RESULTS Coating of cells with extracellular matrix components before transplantation did not enhance cell engraftment. In contrast, intraportal infusion of collagen or fibronectin-like polymer in recipients prior to cell transplantation increased cell engraftment. Adherence of transplanted cells to the hepatic endothelium resulted in rapid activation of vinculin-containing focal adhesion complexes. Superior cell engraftment in animals treated with fibronectin-like polymer was RGD sensitive, verifying the integrin-dependent nature of this process. Moreover, studies in the retrorsine-partial hepatectomy rat model showed that intraportal infusion of the fibronectin-like polymer before cell transplantation significantly accelerated liver repopulation. CONCLUSIONS Integrin-extracellular matrix component interactions can be manipulated for enhancing cell engraftment in the liver. Such mechanisms will be relevant for engraftment of other cell types and for strategies concerning liver-directed cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumaran
- Department of Medicine, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Cancer Research Center, Diabetes Research Center, and General Clinical Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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108
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Tratar Pirc E, Zidar J, Bukovec P, Hodoscek M. Molecular modeling of cobalt(II) hyaluronate. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2064-9. [PMID: 16023623 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Structural data for complexes of hyaluronic acid and 3d metals(II) of the fourth group of the periodic table are lacking. A combined QM/MM method was used to solve the structure of the first coordination sphere around the cobalt(II) ion. Some available experimental data were compared with the results obtained via computation and were found to be in good agreement. Our results open the way for using molecular modeling to solve the structure of other metal(II) hyaluronates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeta Tratar Pirc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Askerceva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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109
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Ladam G, Vonna L, Sackmann E. Protrusion force transmission of amoeboid cells crawling on soft biological tissue. Acta Biomater 2005; 1:485-97. [PMID: 16701829 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We applied a colloidal force microscopy technique to measure the spreading and retraction forces generated by protrusions (pseudopodia) of vegetative amoeboid cells (Dictyostelium discoideum) adhering on soft tissue analogues composed of 2-mm thick hydrogels of hyaluronic acid exhibiting Young's moduli between 10 and 200 Pa. Local shear deformations of the polymer films evoked by magnetic tweezers and by cellular protrusions were determined by analyzing the deflections of colloidal beads randomly deposited on the surface of the polymer cushions, which enabled us to measure forces generated by advancing ("pushing" forces) and retracting ("pulling" forces) protrusions in a direct way. We found that the maximum amplitudes generated by the advancing protrusions (pushes) decrease with increasing stiffness of the HA substrate while the amplitudes of the retractions do not show such a dependence. The maximum forces transmitted by the advancing and retracting protrusions increase with increasing stiffness of the HA films (from 0.02 to 1 nN for the case of pushing). The protrusions spread or retract with constant velocities which are higher for retractions (100 nm s(-1)) than for spreadings (50 nm s(-1)) and are not significantly influenced by the substrate rigidity. We provide evidence that elastic equilibrium during protrusion formation and retraction is maintained by local elastic dipole fields generated at the rim of the protrusions. A model of protrusion force transmission by coupling of growing actin gel in the cytoplasm of the protrusions to cell surface receptors through talin clutches is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Ladam
- Laboratoire de Biophysique et Biomatériaux, Université de Rouen, Centre Universitaire d'Evreux, 1 rue du 7ème Chasseurs, BP 281, 27002 Evreux Cedex, France.
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110
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Funakoshi T, Majima T, Iwasaki N, Suenaga N, Sawaguchi N, Shimode K, Minami A, Harada K, Nishimura SI. Application of tissue engineering techniques for rotator cuff regeneration using a chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid fiber scaffold. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33:1193-201. [PMID: 16000663 DOI: 10.1177/0363546504272689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current surgical procedures for irreparable rotator cuff tears have considerable limitations. Tissue engineering techniques using novel scaffold materials offer potential alternatives for managing these conditions. HYPOTHESIS A chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid scaffold could enhance type I collagen products with seeded fibroblasts and thereby increase the mechanical strength of regenerated tendon in vivo. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS The scaffolds were created from chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid polymer fibers. Forty-eight rabbit infraspinatus tendons and their humeral insertions were removed to create defects. Each defect was covered with a fibroblast-seeded scaffold (n = 16) or a non-fibroblast-seeded scaffold (n = 16). In the other 16 shoulders, the rotator cuff defect was left free as the control. At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, the engineered tendons were assessed by histological, immunohistochemical (n = 2), and biomechanical (n = 6) analyses. RESULTS Type I collagen was only seen in the fibroblast-seeded scaffold and increased in the regenerated tissue. The tensile strength and tangent modulus in the fibroblast-seeded scaffold were significantly improved from 4 to 12 weeks postoperatively. The fibroblast-seeded scaffold had a significantly greater tangent modulus than did the non-fibroblast-seeded scaffold and the control at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION This scaffold material enhanced the production of type I collagen and led to improved mechanical strength in the regenerated tissues of the rotator cuff in vivo. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rotator cuff regeneration is feasible using this tissue engineering technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanao Funakoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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111
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Zhang J, Senger B, Vautier D, Picart C, Schaaf P, Voegel JC, Lavalle P. Natural polyelectrolyte films based on layer-by layer deposition of collagen and hyaluronic acid. Biomaterials 2005; 26:3353-61. [PMID: 15603831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to assemble extracellular matrix components into polyelectrolyte multilayers using the layer-by-layer deposition method. The films are constructed with type-I collagen and hyaluronic acid. The construction exhibits the general features observed during polyelectrolyte multilayer buildup: alternate positive and negative values of the zeta potential of the film during its construction and regular increase of the film thickness with the number, n, of deposition step. This increase is shown to be linear with n. As expected for a linearly growing film, the confocal microscopy shows that when the film is brought in contact with a collagen solution, collagen does not diffuse into the film but interacts only with its outer layer. However, the films are not constituted of homogeneously distributed polyanion/polycation complexes as it is usually observed, but they are formed of fibers as imaged by AFM. The typical width of these fibers increases with the number of deposition steps. Finally, it is found that chondrosarcoma cells spread well and synthesize extracellular matrix components only on the collagen ending films, whereas no cellular matrix was found for HA ending ones. Such architectures may be further functionalized by inclusion of active drugs, peptides, proteins..., and could be used as tunable biomaterial interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité 595, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Louis Pasteur, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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112
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Chao H, Spicer AP. Natural antisense mRNAs to hyaluronan synthase 2 inhibit hyaluronan biosynthesis and cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:27513-22. [PMID: 15843373 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411544200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification of a natural antisense mRNA of hyaluronan synthase 2 that we have chosen to designate as HASNT (for HA synthase 2 antisense) in human and mouse. HASNT is transcribed from the opposite strand of the HAS2 gene locus and is represented by several independent expressed sequence tags in human. Portions of the mouse Hasnt gene were identified through an exon-trapping approach. Sequence conservation is extremely low between human and mouse HASNT, and it is not clear whether these mRNAs contain functional open reading frames. HASNT has an alternate splice site in both human and mouse. This splice site is located at an identical position within the gene in both species and results in mRNAs of two different lengths. In each species, the antisense portion of the HASNT gene is complementary to the first exon of HAS2, which represents the 5'-untranslated region. To study the biological activity of HASNT, two human expressed sequence tag clones, representing long and short HASNT splice variants, were cloned into a tetracycline-inducible vector and were stably transfected into human osteosarcoma U2-OS Tet-on cells. The long and short HASNT-expressing cells had a reduction in HAS2 mRNA levels up to 94 and 86%, respectively, whereas hyaluronan biosynthesis was inhibited by 40 and 37%, respectively. Cell proliferation was reduced throughout the time frame of the experiment. Exogenous high molecular mass hyaluronan failed to rescue the suppressed cell proliferation, whereas adenoviral-mediated overexpression of hyaluronan synthase 3, which stimulated endogenous hyaluronan biosynthesis, was able to rescue. Collectively, our data suggest that natural antisense mRNAs of HAS2 are able to regulate HAS2 mRNA levels and hyaluronan biosynthesis in a cell culture model system and may have an important and novel regulatory role in the control of HAS2, HA biosynthesis, and HA-dependent cell functions in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- COS Cells
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Culture Media, Serum-Free/pharmacology
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Exons
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Genetic Vectors
- Glucuronosyltransferase/chemistry
- Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics
- Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Synthases
- Hyaluronic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hyaluronic Acid/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/chemistry
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Open Reading Frames
- Plasmids/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tetracycline/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Chao
- Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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113
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Cohen M, Joester D, Geiger B, Addadi L. Spatial and temporal sequence of events in cell adhesion: from molecular recognition to focal adhesion assembly. Chembiochem 2005; 5:1393-9. [PMID: 15457530 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new concept that attributes a pivotal role to the pericellular coat in the regulation of the early stages of cell adhesion is presented. Quick, adaptable, and transient adhesion through multiple cooperative weak interactions provides the cell with an additional level of modulation in the decision-making process that precedes the commitment to adhesion at a particular site. Hyaluronan emerges as a modulator of cell adhesion in certain cells, mediating binding or repulsion through its polyelectrolyte character, in addition to its chirality and molecular-recognition properties. The biophysical properties of hyaluronan as well as its ultrastructural organization are analyzed in relation to this proposed function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cohen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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114
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Yamane S, Iwasaki N, Majima T, Funakoshi T, Masuko T, Harada K, Minami A, Monde K, Nishimura SI. Feasibility of chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid biomaterial for a novel scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2005; 26:611-9. [PMID: 15282139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 03/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that hyaluronic acid could provide superior biological effects on the chondrocytes in a three-dimensional culture system. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the in vitro behavior of rabbit chondrocytes on a novel chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid polymer fiber. The goal of the current study was to show the superiority of this novel fiber as a scaffold biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. Chitosan polymer fibers (chitosan group) and chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid polymer fibers (HA 0.04% and HA 0.07% groups, chitosan coated with hyaluronic acid 0.04% and 0.07%, respectively) were originally developed by the wetspinning method. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from Japanese white rabbits and cultured in the sheets consisting of each polymer fiber. The effects of each polymer fiber on cell adhesivity, proliferation, morphological changes, and synthesis of the extracellular matrix were analyzed by quantitative a cell attachment test, DNA quantification, light and scanning electron microscopy, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis. Cell adhesivity, proliferation and the synthesis of aggrecan were significantly higher in the hybrid fiber (HA 0.04% and 0.07%) groups than in the chitosan group. On the cultured hybrid polymer materials, scanning electron microscopic observation showed that chondrocytes proliferated while maintaining their morphological phenotype and with a rich extracellular matrix synthesis around the cells. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-type II collagen antibody demonstrated rich production of the type II collagen in the pericellular matrix from the chondrocytes. The chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid polymer fibers show great potential as a desirable biomaterial for cartilaginous tissue scaffolds.
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115
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Funakoshi T, Majima T, Iwasaki N, Yamane S, Masuko T, Minami A, Harada K, Tamura H, Tokura S, Nishimura SI. Novel chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid polymer fibers as a scaffold in ligament tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 74:338-46. [PMID: 16013058 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the feasibility of using novel chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid polymer fibers as a scaffold in ligament tissue engineering, their mechanical properties and ability to promote cellular adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production were studied in vitro. Chitosan fibers and chitosan-based 0.05% and 0.1% hyaluronan hybrid fibers were developed by the wet spinning method. Hyaluronan coating significantly increased mechanical properties, compared to the chitosan fibers. Rabbit fibroblasts adhesion onto hybrid fibers was significantly greater than for the control and chitosan fibers. For analysis of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production, a three-dimensional scaffold was created by simply piling up each fiber. At 1 day after cultivation, the DNA content in the hybrid scaffolds was higher than that in the chitosan scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fibroblasts had produced collagen fibers after 14 days of culture. Immunostaining for type I collagen was clearly predominant in the hybrid scaffolds, and the mRNA level of type I collagen in the hybrid scaffolds were significantly greater than that in the chitosan scaffold. The present study revealed that hyaluronan hybridization with chitosan fibers enhanced fiber mechanical properties and in vitro biological effects on the cultured fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanao Funakoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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116
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Stendahl JC, Li L, Claussen RC, Stupp SI. Modification of fibrous poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds with self-assembling triblock molecules. Biomaterials 2004; 25:5847-56. [PMID: 15172497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly offers an effective method to modify the surface properties of common biomaterials by presenting biologically relevant chemistry in a controlled, ordered fashion. This work reports on self-assembling triblock molecules containing rigid cholesteryl segments followed by flexible oligomers of L-(lactic acid) and second generation L-lysine dendrons. Second harmonic generation and small angle X-ray scattering indicate these molecules self-assemble into multilayer polar structures when cast from ethyl acetate solutions and segregate into polar polydomains when annealed. These self-assembled layers significantly improve water wettability when coated onto poly(L-lactic acid) fibers. Scaffolds formed from fibers modified by self-assembly enhance adhesion of 3T3 mouse calvaria cells and produce greater population growth rates. These results demonstrate the use of self-assembly to present biologically relevant chemistry on surfaces of biomaterials. Applications of this technology include the modification of substrates for cell culture, tissue engineering, and cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Stendahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208-3108 USA
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117
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Cowman MK, Spagnoli C, Kudasheva D, Li M, Dyal A, Kanai S, Balazs EA. Extended, relaxed, and condensed conformations of hyaluronan observed by atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2004; 88:590-602. [PMID: 15489305 PMCID: PMC1305036 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.049361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformation of the polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) has been investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy in air. HA deposited on a prehydrated mica surface favored an extended conformation, attributed to molecular combing and inhibition of subsequent chain recoil by adhesion to the structured water layer covering the surface. HA deposited on freshly cleaved mica served as a defect in a partially structured water layer, and favored relaxed, weakly helical, coiled conformations. Intramolecularly condensed forms of HA were also observed, ranging from pearl necklace forms to thick rods. The condensation is attributed to weak adhesion to the mica surface, counterion-mediated attractive electrostatic interactions between polyelectrolytes, and hydration effects. Intermolecular association of both extended and condensed forms of HA was observed to result in the formation of networks and twisted fibers, in which the chain direction is not necessarily parallel to the fiber direction. Whereas the relaxed coil and partially condensed conformations of HA are relevant to the native structure of liquid connective tissues, fully condensed rods may be more relevant for HA tethered to a cell surface or intracellular HA, and fibrous forms may be relevant for HA subjected to shear flow in tight intercellular spaces or in protein-HA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
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118
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Tratar Pirc E, Arcon I, Kodre A, Bukovec P. Metal-ion environment in solid Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) hyaluronates. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2549-54. [PMID: 15476716 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous powders and films of some metal hyaluronate complexes of general composition (C14H20O11N)2 x xH2O (M = Mn2+, Ni2+ and Co2+) have been prepared at pH 5.5-6.0. The coordination geometry around the metal ions has been analyzed by EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) and FTIR spectroscopy. Mn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions are coordinated to carboxylate oxygen atoms and water molecules. The process of local geometry formation round the metal ions is sensitive to sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeta Tratar Pirc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Askerceva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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119
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Golan Y, Dahan D, Vago R. A qualitative description of preferred orientation in porous carbonate matrices of marine origin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(03)00054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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120
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Cohen M, Klein E, Geiger B, Addadi L. Organization and adhesive properties of the hyaluronan pericellular coat of chondrocytes and epithelial cells. Biophys J 2003; 85:1996-2005. [PMID: 12944312 PMCID: PMC1303371 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2003] [Accepted: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a megadalton glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating units of D-N-acetylglucosamine-beta-D-Glucuronic acid. It is known to form a highly hydrated pericellular coat around chondrocytes, fibrosarcoma, and smooth muscle cells. Using environmental scanning electron microscopy we detected fully hydrated hyaluronan pericellular coats around rat chondrocytes (RCJ-P) and epithelial cells (A6). Hyaluronan mediates early adhesion of both chondrocytes and A6 cells to glass surfaces. We show that chondrocytes in suspension establish early "soft contacts" with the substrate through a thick, hyaluronidase-sensitive coat (4.4 +/- 0.7 microm). Freshly-attached cells drift under shear stress, leaving hyaluronan "footprints" on the surface. This suggests that chondrocytes are surrounded by a multilayer of entangled hyaluronan molecules. In contrast, A6 cells have a 2.2 +/- 0.4- microm-thick hyaluronidase-sensitive coat, do not drift under shear stress, and remain firmly anchored to the surface. We consider the possibility that in A6 cells single hyaluronan molecules, spanning the whole thickness of the pericellular coat, mediate these tight contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cohen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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121
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Ladam G, Vonna L, Sackmann E. Micromechanics of Surface-Grafted Hyaluronic Acid Gels. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0272872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Ladam
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, E22, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Laurent Vonna
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, E22, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Erich Sackmann
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, E22, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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122
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Goldshmidt O, Zcharia E, Cohen M, Aingorn H, Cohen I, Nadav L, Katz BZ, Geiger B, Vlodavsky I. Heparanase mediates cell adhesion independent of its enzymatic activity. FASEB J 2003; 17:1015-25. [PMID: 12773484 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0773com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate and is implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this study we report on a novel direct involvement of heparanase in cell adhesion. We demonstrate that expression of heparanase in nonadherent lymphoma cells induces early stages of cell adhesion, provided that the enzyme is expressed on the cell surface. Heparanase-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) results in integrin-dependent cell spreading, tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The surface-bound enzyme also augments cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane. Cell adhesion was augmented by cell surface heparanase regardless of whether the cells were transfected with active or point mutated inactive enzyme, indicating that heparanase functions as an adhesion molecule independent of its endoglycosidase activity. The combined feature of heparanase as an ECM-degrading enzyme and a cell adhesion molecule emphasizes its significance in processes involving cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, including embryonic development, neovascularization, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Goldshmidt
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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123
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Pummill PE, DeAngelis PL. Alteration of polysaccharide size distribution of a vertebrate hyaluronan synthase by mutation. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:19808-14. [PMID: 12654925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301097200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan that has long been known to play structural roles in vertebrates. Recently, it has become increasingly obvious that this linear polysaccharide has many more uses than simply scaffolding or space filler. HA has been found to be involved in development, cell signaling, cell motility, and metastasis. These roles are often dictated by the length of the HA polymer, which can vary from a few to about 10,000 sugar residues in length. Three distinct isoforms of HA synthase exist in mammals. It has been shown previously by others that each isoform produces HA that differs in size distribution, but the regulatory mechanism is not yet known. Mutations have been described that alter the size distribution of the HA produced by the streptococcal HA synthases. We show that by mutating one particular amino acid residue of a vertebrate HA synthase, depending on the introduced side chain, the size of HA produced can be either reduced or increased. We postulate that several cysteine residues and a serine residue may be involved in binding directly or indirectly to the nascent HA chain. These data support the theory that the relative strength of the interaction between the catalyst and the polymer may be a major factor in HA size control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Pummill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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124
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Abstract
Signaling and other cellular functions differ in three-dimensional compared with two-dimensional systems. Cell adhesion structures can evolve in vitro towards in-vivo-like adhesions with distinct biological activities. In this review, we examine recent advances in studies of interactions of fibroblasts with collagen gels and fibronectin-containing matrices that mimic in vivo three-dimensional microenvironments. These three-dimensional systems are illuminating mechanisms of cell-matrix interactions in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Cukierman
- Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.
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