101
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Okamoto N, Viswanatha R, Bittar R, Li Z, Haga-Yamanaka S, Perrimon N, Yamanaka N. A Membrane Transporter Is Required for Steroid Hormone Uptake in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2018; 47:294-305.e7. [PMID: 30293839 PMCID: PMC6219898 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are a group of lipophilic hormones that are believed to enter cells by simple diffusion to regulate diverse physiological processes through intracellular nuclear receptors. Here, we challenge this model in Drosophila by demonstrating that Ecdysone Importer (EcI), a membrane transporter identified from two independent genetic screens, is involved in cellular uptake of the steroid hormone ecdysone. EcI encodes an organic anion transporting polypeptide of the evolutionarily conserved solute carrier organic anion superfamily. In vivo, EcI loss of function causes phenotypes indistinguishable from ecdysone- or ecdysone receptor (EcR)-deficient animals, and EcI knockdown inhibits cellular uptake of ecdysone. Furthermore, EcI regulates ecdysone signaling in a cell-autonomous manner and is both necessary and sufficient for inducing ecdysone-dependent gene expression in culture cells expressing EcR. Altogether, our results challenge the simple diffusion model for cellular uptake of ecdysone and may have wide implications for basic and medical aspects of steroid hormone studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamoto
- Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Raghuvir Viswanatha
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riyan Bittar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zhongchi Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sachiko Haga-Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naoki Yamanaka
- Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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102
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Abstract
Gametogenesis represents the most dramatic cellular differentiation pathways in both female and male flies. At the genome level, meiosis ensures that diploid germ cells become haploid gametes. At the epigenome level, extensive changes are required to turn on and shut off gene expression in a precise spatiotemporally controlled manner. Research applying conventional molecular genetics and cell biology, in combination with rapidly advancing genomic tools have helped us to investigate (1) how germ cells maintain lineage specificity throughout their adult reproductive lifetime; (2) what molecular mechanisms ensure proper oogenesis and spermatogenesis, as well as protect genome integrity of the germline; (3) how signaling pathways contribute to germline-soma communication; and (4) if such communication is important. In this chapter, we highlight recent discoveries that have improved our understanding of these questions. On the other hand, restarting a new life cycle upon fertilization is a unique challenge faced by gametes, raising questions that involve intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Therefore, we also discuss new developments that link changes during gametogenesis to early embryonic development-a rapidly growing field that promises to bring more understanding to some fundamental questions regarding metazoan development.
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103
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Cheng D, Cheng T, Yang X, Zhang Q, Fu J, Feng T, Gong J, Xia Q. The genome-wide transcriptional regulatory landscape of ecdysone in the silkworm. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:48. [PMID: 30149809 PMCID: PMC6109983 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The silkworm, Bombyx mori, a typical representative of metamorphic insects, is of great agricultural and economic importance. The steroid hormone ecdysone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) is the central regulator of insect developmental transitions, and its nuclear receptors are crucial for numerous biological processes, including reproduction, metabolism, and immunity. However, genome-wide DNA regulatory elements and the ecdysone receptor (EcR) that control these programs of gene expression are not well defined. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the alterations in three types of histone modification in silkworm embryonic cells treated with 20E by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). We identified enhancers using histone modifications and derived genome-wide ecdysone-dependent enhancer activity maps in the silkworm. We found enhancers enriched for monomethylation of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me1) that showed dynamic changes in acetylation of histone H3 Lys27 (H3K27ac) after 20E treatment and functioned to regulate the transcription of specific genes. EcR regulated transcription by binding not only to proximal promoters but also to the distal enhancers of target genes. Moreover, only 52.65% EcR peaks contained ecdysone response element (EcRE) motif, suggesting that EcR regulates the expression of target genes not only by binding directly to EcRE, but also by binding with other transcription factor. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights into the complex regulatory landscape of hormone-responsive cell activity and a basis for understanding the complex transcriptional regulatory processes of ecdysone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tieshan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
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104
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Wu Y, Xu H, Pan Y, Gao X, Xi J, Zhang J, Shang Q. Expression profile changes of cytochrome P450 genes between thiamethoxam susceptible and resistant strains of Aphis gossypii Glover. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 149:1-7. [PMID: 30033005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases represent a key detoxification mechanism in neonicotinoids resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover. Synergism analysis has indicates that P450s are involved in thiamethoxam resistance. In this study, expression changes in the transcripts of P450 genes were determined in thiamethoxam-susceptible and thiamethoxam-resistant strains. Nine P450 genes in CYP3 clade were significantly overexpressed in the resistant strain (especially CYP6CY14, which was increased 17.67-fold) compared with the susceptible strain. Transcripts of ecdysone synthesis-related P450 genes, including CYP302A1, CYP306A1, CYP307A1 and CYP315A1, were up-regulated in the resistant strain, which may accelerate molting hormone production. The ecdysone response genes (ecdysone receptor (EcR), ultra-spiracle (USP) and Broad-complex protein (Br-C)) were overexpressed in the resistant strain. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting CYP6CY14 significantly increased the sensitivity of the resistant aphid to thiamethoxam. The results of the present study indicate the possible involvement of these P450 genes in thiamethoxam resistance. Our findings may facilitate further work to validate the roles of these P450s in thiamethoxam resistance based on heterologous expression, and show that screening the expression changes in P450 genes can reveal the impact of thiamethoxam on ecdysone synthesis-related P450 genes. These results are useful for understanding the mechanism of thiamethoxam resistance and will contribute to the management of insecticide-resistant cotton aphids in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Juhong Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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105
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Roegner ME, Chen HY, Watson RD. Molecular cloning and characterization of a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) from Y-organs of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). Gene 2018; 673:12-21. [PMID: 29886036 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Existing data indicate that a Ca2+ signal stimulates ecdysteroid hormone production by crustacean molting glands (Y-organs). Ca2+ signaling is dependent on a tightly regulated Ca2+ gradient, with intracellular free Ca2+ maintained at a low basal level (typically sub-micromolar). This is achieved through the action of proteins intrinsic to the plasma membrane and the membranes of organelles. One such protein, the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), pumps Ca2+ from cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. As a step toward understanding Ca2+-mediated regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis, we have begun investigating Ca2+ transport proteins in Y-organs. In studies reported here, we used a PCR-based strategy to clone from Y-organs of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) a cDNA encoding a putative SERCA protein. The cloned Cas-SERCA cDNA (3806 bp) includes a 3057-bp open reading frame that encodes a 1019-residue protein (Cas-SERCA). The conceptually translated protein has a predicted molecular mass of 111.42 × 103 and contains all signature domains of an authentic SERCA, including ten transmembrane domains and a phosphorylation site at aspartate 351. A homology model of Cas-SERCA closely resembles models of related SERCA proteins. Phylogenetic analysis shows Cas-SERCA clusters with SERCA proteins from other arthropods. An assessment of tissue distribution indicates the Cas-SERCA transcript is widely distributed across tissues. Studies using quantitative PCR showed Cas-SERCA transcript abundance increased significantly in Y-organs activated by eyestalk ablation, a pattern consistent with the hypothesis that Cas-SERCA functions to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in Y-organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Roegner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Hsiang-Yin Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - R Douglas Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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106
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Zou C, Liu G, Liu S, Liu S, Song Q, Wang J, Feng Q, Su Y, Li S. Cucurbitacin B acts a potential insect growth regulator by antagonizing 20-hydroxyecdysone activity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1394-1403. [PMID: 29205800 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E), a crucial insect steroid hormone, can bind to its cognate nuclear receptor composed of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) to activate expression of 20E-response genes, enabling subsequent metamorphosis. In this study, we tried to find out which steroid-like compounds can block insect metamorphosis effectively and provide useful information for biopesticide study. For this purpose, we screened 126 steroid-like compounds for possible 20E antagonists using a dual-luciferase reporter assay with Drosophila melanogaster Kc and Bombyx mori Bm12 cells. RESULTS Among 126 steroid-like compounds, three cucurbitacins (CucB, D and E) were identified as 20E antagonists in both Kc and Bm12 cells. Notably, CucB caused significant molting defects and mortality in both B. mori and D. melanogaster larvae, and dramatically hindered larval growth of Helicoverpa armigera by its anti-feeding activity. CONCLUSION In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that CucB acts as a potential insect growth regulator by antagonizing 20E activity and thus blocking molting and metamorphosis induced by 20E signaling. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshan Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlin Su
- Department of Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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107
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Lee S, Won M, Hwang RH, Hur GM, Ro H. An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29781995 DOI: 10.3791/57494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of transgene expression is desirable in biological and clinical studies. However, because the binary feature of currently employed gene switches requires the transfer of two therapeutic expression units concurrently into a single cell, the practical application of the system for gene therapy is limited. To simplify the transgene expression system, we generated a gene switch designated as pEUI(+) encompassing a complete set of transgene expression modules in a single vector. Comprising of the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and modified EcR (GvEcR), a minimal VP16 activation domain fused with a GAL4 DNA-binding domain, as well as a modified Drosophila ecdysone receptor (EcR), the newly developed singular gene switch is highly responsive to the administration of a chemical inducer in a time- and dosage-dependent manner. The pEUI(+) vector is a potentially powerful tool for improving the control of transgene expression in both biological research and pre-clinical studies. Here, we present a detailed protocol for modulation of a transient and stable transgene expression using pEUI(+) vector by the treatment of tebufenozide (Teb). Additionally, we share important guidelines for the use of Teb as a chemical inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoghyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University
| | - Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | | | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University;
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University;
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108
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Jiang J, Shan Z, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhou J. Ecotoxicity of the nonsteroidal ecdysone mimic RH-5849 to Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10730-10739. [PMID: 29396821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal ecdysone mimic 1,2-dibenzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazine (RH-5849), a novel insect growth regulator, is mainly registered for use in rice fields. So far, its toxicity and ecological risks towards aquatic cladoceran invertebrates remain unclear. In this study, RH-5849 was evaluated for its acute and 21-day chronic toxicity towards Daphnia magna. The viability, morphology, growth, and reproduction of D. magna were observed to establish a concentration-toxicity relationship associated with the RH-5849 exposure. In addition, the relationship between the changes of physiological and biochemical indices and the chronic indices was analyzed in order to find potential early warning indicators in D. magna to the chronic risk of RH-5849 exposure. The results showed that the 48-h EC50 of acute immobilization and EC50 of 21-day survival of RH-5849 on D. magna were 45.3 and 1.34 mg/L, respectively. Chronic exposure to RH-5849 mainly affected the reproductive parameters of D. magna and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the EC50 were 0.050 and 0.5423 mg/L, respectively. The number of offspring per female reduced significantly after 21-day exposure to 0.10 mg/L of RH-5849. The morphological changes, manifested in head width and body length, the length of the helmet or apical spine, and the curvature and transparency of the body, were observed in RH-5849-treated groups. Moreover, it was found that the alkaline phosphatase activity in D. magna after 5-7-day exposure was positively correlated with the number of offspring per female after 21 days. These results indicate the potential risk of RH-5849 towards aquatic crustaceans should be taken into consideration when applied to rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Jiang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengjun Shan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
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109
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Lim DH, Lee S, Han JY, Choi MS, Hong JS, Seong Y, Kwon YS, Lee YS. Ecdysone-responsive microRNA-252-5p controls the cell cycle by targeting Abi in Drosophila. FASEB J 2018. [PMID: 29543534 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701185rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone ecdysone has a central role in the developmental transitions of insects through its control of responsive protein-coding and microRNA (miRNA) gene expression. However, the complete regulatory network controlling the expression of these genes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we performed cross-linking immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing of endogenous Argonaute 1 (Ago1) protein, the core effector of the miRNA pathway, in Drosophila S2 cells. We found that regulatory interactions between miRNAs and their cognate targets were substantially altered by Ago1 in response to ecdysone signaling. Additionally, during the larva-to-adult metamorphosis, miR-252-5p was up-regulated via the canonical ecdysone-signaling pathway. Moreover, we provide evidence that miR-252-5p targets Abelson interacting protein ( Abi) to decrease the protein levels of cyclins A and B, controlling the cell cycle. Overall, our data suggest a potential role for the ecdysone/miR-252-5p/Abi regulatory axis partly in cell-cycle control during metamorphosis in Drosophila.-Lim, D.-H., Lee, S., Han, J. Y., Choi, M.-S., Hong, J.-S., Seong, Y., Kwon, Y.-S., Lee, Y. S. Ecdysone-responsive microR-252-5p controls the cell cycle by targeting Abi in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hwan Lim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungjae Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Yun Han
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmo Seong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sik Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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110
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Ohhara Y, Kobayashi S, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Yamanaka N. Adult-specific insulin-producing neurons in Drosophila melanogaster. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1351-1367. [PMID: 29424424 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Holometabolous insects undergo metamorphosis to reorganize their behavioral and morphological features into adult-specific ones. In the central nervous system (CNS), some larval neurons undergo programmed cell death, whereas others go through remodeling of axonal and dendritic arbors to support functions of re-established adult organs. Although there are multiple neuropeptides that have stage-specific roles in holometabolous insects, the reorganization pattern of the entire neuropeptidergic system through metamorphosis still remains largely unclear. In this study, we conducted a mapping and lineage tracing of peptidergic neurons in the larval and adult CNS by using Drosophila genetic tools. We found that Diuretic hormone 44-producing median neurosecretory cells start expressing Insulin-like peptide 2 in the pharate adult stage. This neuronal cluster projects to the corpora cardiaca and dorsal vessel in both larval and adult stages, and also innervates an adult-specific structure in the digestive tract, the crop. We propose that the adult-specific insulin-producing cells may regulate functions of the digestive system in a stage-specific manner. Our study provides a neuroanatomical basis for understanding remodeling of the neuropeptidergic system during insect development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamanaka
- Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
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111
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Liu Z, Ling L, Xu J, Zeng B, Huang Y, Shang P, Tan A. MicroRNA-14 regulates larval development time in Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:57-65. [PMID: 29288754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate multiple physiological processes including development and metamorphosis in insects. In the current study, we demonstrate that a conserved invertebrate miRNA-14 (miR-14) plays an important role in ecdysteroid regulated development in the silkworm Bombyx mori, a lepidopteran model insect. Ubiquitous transgenic overexpression of miR-14 using the GAL4/UAS system resulted in delayed silkworm larval development and smaller body size of larva and pupa with decrease in ecdysteriod titers. On the contrary, miR-14 disruption using the transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system led to a precocious wandering stage with increase in ecdysteriod titers. We identified that the hormone receptor E75 (E75) and the ecdysone receptor isoform B (ECR-B), which both serve as essential mediators in the ecdysone signaling pathway, as putative target genes of miR-14 by in silico target prediction. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the binding of miR-14 to the 3'UTRs of E75 and ECR-B in a mammalian HEK293T cell line. Furthermore, transcription levels of E75 and ECR-B were significantly affected in both miR-14 overexpression and knockout transgenic animals. Taken together, our data suggested that the canonical invertebrate miR-14 is a general regulator in maintaining ecdysone homeostasis for normal development and metamorphosis in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulian Liu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baosheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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112
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Antagonistic actions of juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone within the ring gland determine developmental transitions in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:139-144. [PMID: 29255055 PMCID: PMC5776822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716897115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, steroid hormones regulate developmental transition from juveniles to adults. Insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), coordinates with juvenile hormone (JH) to regulate metamorphosis; however, the precise cross-talk mechanism is not well understood. Here, we report that JH and 20E antagonize each other’s biosynthesis in a major endocrine organ of Drosophila larvae: JH suppresses ecdysone biosynthesis and inhibits metamorphosis, whereas 20E suppresses JH biosynthesis and promotes metamorphosis. These data answer a long-standing question on how the mutual antagonism between the two major insect hormones regulates metamorphosis and may help to understand the hormonal regulation of developmental transition in mammals. In both vertebrates and insects, developmental transition from the juvenile stage to adulthood is regulated by steroid hormones. In insects, the steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), elicits metamorphosis, thus promoting this transition, while the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH) antagonizes 20E signaling to prevent precocious metamorphosis during the larval stages. However, not much is known about the mechanisms involved in cross-talk between these two hormones. In this study, we discovered that in the ring gland (RG) of Drosophila larvae, JH and 20E control each other’s biosynthesis. JH induces expression of a Krüppel-like transcription factor gene Kr-h1 in the prothoracic gland (PG), a portion of the RG that produces the 20E precursor ecdysone. By reducing both steroidogenesis autoregulation and PG size, high levels of Kr-h1 in the PG inhibit ecdysteriod biosynthesis, thus maintaining juvenile status. JH biosynthesis is prevented by 20E in the corpus allatum, the other portion of the RG that produces JH, to ensure the occurrence of metamorphosis. Hence, antagonistic actions of JH and 20E within the RG determine developmental transitions in Drosophila. Our study proposes a mechanism of cross-talk between the two major hormones in the regulation of insect metamorphosis.
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113
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Jia Q, Liu S, Wen D, Cheng Y, Bendena WG, Wang J, Li S. Juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone coordinately control the developmental timing of matrix metalloproteinase-induced fat body cell dissociation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21504-21516. [PMID: 29118190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue remodeling is a crucial process in animal development and disease progression. Coordinately controlled by the two main insect hormones, juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), tissues are remodeled context-specifically during insect metamorphosis. We previously discovered that two matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) cooperatively induce fat body cell dissociation in Drosophila However, the molecular events involved in this Mmp-mediated dissociation are unclear. Here we report that JH and 20E coordinately and precisely control the developmental timing of Mmp-induced fat body cell dissociation. We found that during the larval-prepupal transition, the anti-metamorphic factor Kr-h1 transduces JH signaling, which directly inhibited Mmp expression and activated expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (timp) and thereby suppressed Mmp-induced fat body cell dissociation. We also noted that upon a decline in the JH titer, a prepupal peak of 20E suppresses Mmp-induced fat body cell dissociation through the 20E primary-response genes, E75 and Blimp-1, which inhibited expression of the nuclear receptor and competence factor βftz-F1 Moreover, upon a decline in the 20E titer, βftz-F1 expression was induced by the 20E early-late response gene DHR3, and then βftz-F1 directly activated Mmp expression and inhibited timp expression, causing Mmp-induced fat body cell dissociation during 6-12 h after puparium formation. In conclusion, coordinated signaling via JH and 20E finely tunes the developmental timing of Mmp-induced fat body cell dissociation. Our findings shed critical light on hormonal regulation of insect metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jia
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Suning Liu
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Di Wen
- the Department of Life Science, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou 558000, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- the College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - William G Bendena
- the Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, and
| | - Jian Wang
- the Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Sheng Li
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China,
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114
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Sun YX, Zhu BJ, Tang L, Sun Y, Chen C, Nadeem Abbas M, Wang L, Qian C, Wei GQ, Liu CL. Cathepsin O is involved in the innate immune response and metamorphosis of Antheraea pernyi. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 150:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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115
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Yuan S, Huang W, Geng L, Beerntsen BT, Song H, Ling E. Differentiation of lepidoptera scale cells from epidermal stem cells followed by ecdysone-regulated DNA duplication and scale secreting. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2156-2167. [PMID: 28933984 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1376148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integuments are the first line to protect insects from physical damage and pathogenic infection. In lepidopteran insects, they undergo distinct morphology changes such as scale formation during metamorphosis. However, we know little about integument development and scale formation during this stage. Here, we use the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as a model and show that stem cells in the integument of each segment, but not intersegmental membrane, divide into two scale precursor cells during the spinning stage. In young pupae, the scale precursor cell divides again. One of the daughter cells becomes a mature scale-secreting cell that undergoes several rounds of DNA duplication and the other daughter cell undergoes apoptosis later on. This scale precursor cell division is crucial to the development and differentiation of scale-secreting cells because scale production can be blocked after treatment with the cell division inhibitor paclitaxel. Subsequently, the growth of scale-secreting cells is under the control of 20-hydroxyecdysone but not juvenile hormone since injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone inhibited scale formation. Further work demonstrated that 20-hydroxyecdysone injection inhibits DNA duplication in scale-secreting cells while the expression of scale-forming gene ASH1 was down-regulated by BR-C Z2. Therefore, this research demonstrates that the scale cells of the silkworm develops through stem cell division prior to pupation and then another wave of cell division differentiates these cells into scale secreting cells soon after entrance into the pupal stage. Additionally, DNA duplication and scale production in the scale-secreting cells were found to be under the regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Yuan
- a Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology , Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Neurosciences , College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wuren Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology , Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Lei Geng
- a Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology , Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Brenda T Beerntsen
- c Department of Veterinary Pathobiology , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Hongsheng Song
- b Department of Neurosciences , College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Erjun Ling
- a Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology , Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
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116
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Wei Y, Gokhale RH, Sonnenschein A, Montgomery KM, Ingersoll A, Arnosti DN. Complex cis-regulatory landscape of the insulin receptor gene underlies the broad expression of a central signaling regulator. Development 2017; 143:3591-3603. [PMID: 27702787 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays key roles in development, growth and metabolism through dynamic control of glucose uptake, global protein translation and transcriptional regulation. Altered levels of insulin signaling are known to play key roles in development and disease, yet the molecular basis of such differential signaling remains obscure. Expression of the insulin receptor (InR) gene itself appears to play an important role, but the nature of the molecular wiring controlling InR transcription has not been elucidated. We characterized the regulatory elements driving Drosophila InR expression and found that the generally broad expression of this gene is belied by complex individual switch elements, the dynamic regulation of which reflects direct and indirect contributions of FOXO, EcR, Rbf and additional transcription factors through redundant elements dispersed throughout ∼40 kb of non-coding regions. The control of InR transcription in response to nutritional and tissue-specific inputs represents an integration of multiple cis-regulatory elements, the structure and function of which may have been sculpted by evolutionary selection to provide a highly tailored set of signaling responses on developmental and tissue-specific levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rewatee H Gokhale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anne Sonnenschein
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kelly Mone't Montgomery
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Ingersoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David N Arnosti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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117
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Campos D, Gravato C, Quintaneiro C, Golovko O, Žlábek V, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Toxicity of organic UV-filters to the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:210-216. [PMID: 28551578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the frequent detection of organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) in freshwater sediments, there is a lack of ecotoxicological data undermining a correct risk assessment for these emerging contaminants. The present study assessed the effects of three of the most commonly used UV-filters (benzophenone-3 - BP3; 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor - 4-MBC and octocrylene - OC) on Chironomus riparius life history and biochemical responses. Standard ecotoxicological assays confirmed that all compounds impaired growth of C. riparius larvae and induced developmental effects such as delayed emergence and a reduction of imagoes weight. Concerning the biochemical responses analysed no evidences of oxidative damage in lipids or neurotoxicity (tested assessing acetylcholinesterase activity) were observed for any of the tested compounds. However, 4-MBC exposure induced a decrease in catalase activity and an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity at 14.13mg/Kg while OC exposure caused an increase in total glutathione levels at 0.23 and 18.23mg/Kg. Exposure to all UV-filters tested, increased energy consumption on C. riparius with significant differences above 1.00mg/Kg for BP3, 0.09mg/Kg for 4-MBC and 2.13mg/Kg for OC. These results suggest that environmental relevant concentrations of UV-filters can cause deleterious effects to aquatic benthic species, such as C. riparius, and call for further research concerning effects of organic UV-filters on natural invertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Quintaneiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Žlábek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czechia
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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118
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Wang P, Zhuo XR, Tang L, Liu XS, Wang YF, Wang GX, Yu XQ, Wang JL. C-type lectin interacting with β-integrin enhances hemocytic encapsulation in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 86:29-40. [PMID: 28572000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation reaction in invertebrates is analogous to granuloma formation in vertebrates, and this reaction is severely compromised when ecdysone signaling is blocked. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the encapsulation reaction and its regulation by ecdysone remains obscure. In our previous study, we found that the C-type lectin HaCTL3, from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, is involved in anti-bacterial immune response, acting as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR). In the current study, we demonstrate that HaCTL3 is involved in defense against parasites and directly binds to the surface of nematodes. Our in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that HaCTL3 enhances hemocytic encapsulation and melanization, whereas H. armigera β-integrin (Haβ-integrin), located on the surface of hemocytes, participates in encapsulation. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal HaCTL3 interacts with Haβ-integrin, and knockdown of Haβ-integrin leads to reduced encapsulation of HaCTL3-coated beads. These results indicate that Haβ-integrin serves as a hemocytic receptor of HaCTL3 during the encapsulation reaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment dramatically induces the expression of HaCTL3, and knockdown of the 20E receptor (EcR)/ultraspiracle (USP), abrogates this response. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of the presence of a hemocytic receptor (Haβ-integrin), that interacts with the PRR HaCTL3 to facilitate encapsulation reaction in insects and demonstrates the regulation of this process by the steroid hormone ecdysone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhuo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guo-Xiu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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119
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Han P, Han J, Fan J, Zhang M, Ma E, Li S, Fan R, Zhang J. 20-Hydroxyecdysone activates PGRP-SA mediated immune response in Locusta migratoria. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 72:128-139. [PMID: 28254619 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) has been implicated in regulating the immune response in insects. Conflicting conclusions on 20E regulating immunity have been reported in model holometabolous species. However, in hemimetabolous insects, the role of 20E as an immune-suppressor or activator and the mechanism remains unclear. The migratory locust Locusta migratoria is a representative member of hemimetabolous insects. Here, digital gene expression (DGE) profiles of Locusta migratoria treated with 20E were analyzed. Pattern recognition receptors [peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP-SA), PGRP-LE, and gram-negative binding protein (GNBP3)] and antimicrobial peptides (defensin, diptericin, and i-type lysozyme) were significantly induced by 20E in fat body. These immune-related genes significantly increased their mRNA levels during the high-20E stage. Antibacterial activities in plasma were enhanced after 20E injection and during the high-20E developmental stage. Conversely, when 20E signal was suppressed by RNAi of EcR (ecdysone receptor), the expression levels of these genes and antibacterial activities failed to be increased by 20E injection and during the high-20E developmental stage, and the mortality increased after being infected by entomogenous fungus. The knockdown of PGRP-SA inhibited the expression level of defensin, diptericin and i-type lysozyme in fat body and reduced antibacterial activities in plasma. 20E injection could not significantly induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides after RNAi of PGRP-SA. These results demonstrated that 20E enhanced the immune response by activating PGRP-SA in L. migratoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, 030006, China
| | - Jiao Han
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, 030006, China
| | - Jiqiao Fan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030000, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, 030006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, 030006, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, 030006, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjun Fan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030000, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, 030006, China.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, 030006, China.
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120
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Zhu B, Tang L, Yu Y, Yu H, Wang L, Qian C, Wei G, Liu C. Identification of ecdysteroid receptor-mediated signaling pathways in the hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:372-381. [PMID: 28069422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas of crustaceans plays an important role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, digestion of food, and biogenesis. In this study, the hepatopancreas transcriptome from the red crayfish Procambarus clarkii was characterized for the first time using high-throughput sequencing, producing approximately 41.4 million reads were obtained. After de novo assembly, 57,363 unigenes with an average length of 725bp were identified, Gene Ontology analysis categorized 22,580 as being involved in biological processes, among which metabolic process and cellular process groups were the most highly enriched. A total of 8034 unigenes were assigned to 223 metabolic pathways following mapping against the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. Ecdysteroid receptor (EcR)-mediated signaling pathways were investigated using digital gene expression (DGE) analysis following RNA interference targeting the EcR. A total of 529 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 322 downregulated and 207 upregulated unigenes. Of these, 445 (84.12%) were annotated successfully by alignment with known sequences, many of which were related to catalytic activity and binding functional categories. Using KEGG enrichment analysis, 183 DEGs were clustered into 78 pathways, and six significantly enriched pathways were predicted. The expression patterns of candidate genes identified by real-time PCR were consistent with the DGE results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yingying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Huimin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Cen Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Chaoliang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
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121
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Sawadro M, Bednarek A, Babczyńska A. The current state of knowledge on the neuroactive compounds that affect the development, mating and reproduction of spiders (Araneae) compared to insects. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10158-017-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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122
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Zhu BJ, Tang L, Yu YY, Wang DJ, Liu CL. Identification and expression patterns of 20-hydroxyecdysone-responsive genes from Procambarus clarkii. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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123
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Sun W, Wang CF, Zhang Z. Transcription factor E74A affects the ecdysone titer by regulating the expression of the EO gene in the silkworm, Bomby mori. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:551-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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124
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Ables ET, Drummond-Barbosa D. Steroid Hormones and the Physiological Regulation of Tissue-Resident Stem Cells: Lessons from the Drosophila Ovary. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:9-18. [PMID: 28458991 PMCID: PMC5407287 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stem cells respond to local paracrine signals; more recently, however, systemic hormones have also emerged as key regulators of stem cells. This review explores the role of steroid hormones in stem cells, using the Drosophila germline stem cell as a centerpiece for discussion. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cells sense and respond directly and indirectly to steroid hormones, which regulate diverse sets of target genes via interactions with nuclear hormone receptors. Hormone-regulated networks likely integrate the actions of multiple systemic signals to adjust the activity of stem cell lineages in response to changes in physiological status. SUMMARY Hormones are inextricably linked to animal physiology, and can control stem cells and their local niches. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hormone signaling in stem cells is essential for our understanding of the fundamental underpinnings of stem cell biology, and for informing new therapeutic interventions against cancers or for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Reproductive Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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125
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Wang P, Zhuo XR, Tang L, Liu XS, Wang YF, Wang GX, Yu XQ, Wang JL. WITHDRAWN: C-type lectin interacting with β-integrin enhances hemocytic encapsulation in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017:S0965-1748(17)30024-3. [PMID: 28232041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error. The article was subsequently accepted and published and can be viewed here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.05.005 The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhuo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guo-Xiu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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126
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Vellichirammal NN, Gupta P, Hall TA, Brisson JA. Ecdysone signaling underlies the pea aphid transgenerational wing polyphenism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1419-1423. [PMID: 28115695 PMCID: PMC5307454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617640114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The wing polyphenism of pea aphids is a compelling laboratory model with which to study the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity. In this polyphenism, environmental stressors such as high aphid density cause asexual, viviparous adult female aphids to alter the developmental fate of their embryos from wingless to winged morphs. This polyphenism is transgenerational, in that the pea aphid mother experiences the environmental signals, but it is her offspring that are affected. Previous research suggested that the steroid hormone ecdysone may play a role in this polyphenism. Here, we analyzed ecdysone-related gene expression patterns and found that they were consistent with a down-regulation of the ecdysone pathway being involved in the production of winged offspring. We therefore predicted that reduced ecdysone signaling would result in more winged offspring. Experimental injections of ecdysone or its analog resulted in a decreased production of winged offspring. Conversely, interfering with ecdysone signaling using an ecdysone receptor antagonist or knocking down the ecdysone receptor gene with RNAi resulted in an increased production of winged offspring. Our results are therefore consistent with the idea that ecdysone plays a causative role in the regulation of the proportion of winged offspring produced in response to crowding in this polyphenism. Our results also show that an environmentally regulated maternal hormone can mediate phenotype production in the next generation, as well as provide significant insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of transgenerational phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Purba Gupta
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Tannice A Hall
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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127
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Herrero Ó, Morcillo G, Planelló R. Transcriptional deregulation of genetic biomarkers in Chironomus riparius larvae exposed to ecologically relevant concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171719. [PMID: 28166271 PMCID: PMC5293269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant used worldwide as a plasticizer and solvent in many formulations. Based on available toxicological data, it has been classified as toxic for reproduction and as an endocrine disruptor. Despite this, ecotoxicological studies in aquatic wildlife organisms are still scarce. In the present work, the toxic molecular alterations caused by DEHP in aquatic larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius have been studied, by analyzing the transcriptional activity of genes related to some vital cellular pathways, such as the ribosomal machinery (rpL4, rpL13), the cell stress response (hsc70, hsp70, hsp40, hsp27), the ecdysone hormone pathway (EcR), the energy metabolism (GAPDH), and detoxication processes (CYP4G). Environmentally relevant concentrations (10-3 to 105 μg/L) and exposure conditions (24 to 96 h) have been tested, as well as the toxic effects after DEHP withdrawal. Although the compound caused no mortality, significant changes were detected in almost all the studied biomarkers: e.g. strong repression of hsp70; general inhibition of EcR; GAPDH activity loss in long exposures; among others. Our data show a general transcriptional downregulation that could be associated with an adaptive response to cell damage. Besides, the activity of the compound as an ecdysone antagonist and its delayed effects over almost all the biomarkers analyzed are described as novel toxic targets in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Herrero
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Morcillo
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Planelló
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, Madrid, Spain
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128
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He Y, Deng H, Hu Q, Zhu Z, Liu L, Zheng S, Song Q, Feng Q. Identification of the binding domains and key amino acids for the interaction of the transcription factors BmPOUM2 and BmAbd-A in Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 81:41-50. [PMID: 27986639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor BmPOUM2 interacted with another transcription factor BmAbd-A to regulate the expression of the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 in Bombyx mori. In this study, the binding domains and amino acids for the interaction between BmPOUM2 and BmAbd-A were reported. Two isoforms of BmPOUM2 were identified. The short isoform (BmPOUM2-S) lacks a 114-amino acid sequence containing a POU-homeodomain and a nuclear localization signal peptide (NLS), as compared to the full-length isoform (BmPOUM2). Both BmPOUM2 and BmPOUM2-S proteins bound to the BmAbd-A through the POU-specific domain. When the six amino acids (Lys166, Gly173, Gln176, Ser192, Glu200 and Asn208) that are highly conserved in POU family genes were mutated, BmPOUM2 did not bind to BmAbd-A. BmAbd-A interacted with BmPOUM2 by the homeobox domain or the LCR2 (low complexity region) domain. When seven amino acids (Phe156/248, His158/250, Ala175/263, Cys180/265, Glu190/268, Trp196/274 and Val214/289) that are shared in the homeobox and LCR2 domains were mutated, BmAbd-A did not bind to BmPOUM2. Overexpression of either BmPOUM2 or BmAbd-A or both increased the activity of BmWCP4 promoter in CHO cells. ChIP assay and EMSA showed that BmAbd-A protein bound to the Hox cis-regulatory element in the BmWCP4 promoter, while the BmPOUM2 bound to the nearby POU CRE. A model for the interaction and action of BmPOUM2 and BmAbd-A in regulation of the BmWCP4 expression is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Qihao Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zidan Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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129
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Zheng H, Wang X, Guo P, Ge W, Yan Q, Gao W, Xi Y, Yang X. Premature remodeling of fat body and fat mobilization triggered by platelet‐derived growth factor/VEGF receptor in
Drosophila. FASEB J 2017; 31:1964-1975. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601127r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Zheng
- Division of Human ReproductionDevelopmental GeneticsThe Women's Hospital
- Department of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of GeneticsHangzhouChina
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuexiang Wang
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Division of Human ReproductionDevelopmental GeneticsThe Women's Hospital
- Department of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of GeneticsHangzhouChina
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Division of Human ReproductionDevelopmental GeneticsThe Women's Hospital
- Department of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of GeneticsHangzhouChina
| | - Qinfeng Yan
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Weiqiang Gao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghaiChina
- Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Division of Human ReproductionDevelopmental GeneticsThe Women's Hospital
- Department of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of GeneticsHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Division of Human ReproductionDevelopmental GeneticsThe Women's Hospital
- Department of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of GeneticsHangzhouChina
- Joint Institute of GeneticsGenomic MedicineZhejiang University–University of TorontoZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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130
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Steroid signaling in mature follicles is important for Drosophila ovulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:699-704. [PMID: 28069934 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614383114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ecdysteroid signaling regulates multiple steps in oogenesis, it is not known whether it regulates Drosophila ovulation, a process involving a matrix metalloproteinase-dependent follicle rupture. In this study, we demonstrated that ecdysteroid signaling is operating in mature follicle cells to control ovulation. Moreover, knocking down shade (shd), encoding the monooxygenase that converts ecdysone (E) to the more active 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), specifically in mature follicle cells, blocked follicle rupture, which was rescued by ectopic expression of shd or exogenous 20E. In addition, disruption of the Ecdysone receptor (EcR) in mature follicle cells mimicked shd-knockdown defects, which were reversed by ectopic expression of EcR.B2 but not by EcR.A or EcR.B1 isoforms. Furthermore, we showed that ecdysteroid signaling is essential for the proper activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2) for follicle rupture. Our data strongly suggest that 20E produced in follicle cells before ovulation activates EcR.B2 to prime mature follicles to be responsive to neuronal ovulatory stimuli, thus providing mechanistic insights into steroid signaling in Drosophila ovulation.
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131
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Fruttero LL, Leyria J, Canavoso LE. Lipids in Insect Oocytes: From the Storage Pathways to Their Multiple Functions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 63:403-434. [PMID: 28779328 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In insect physiology, the mechanisms involved in the buildup and regulation of yolk proteins in developing oocytes have been thoroughly researched during the last three decades. Comparatively, the study of lipid metabolism in oocytes had received less attention. The importance of this issue lies in the fact that lipids make up to 40% of the dry weight of an insect egg, being the most important supply of energy for the developing embryo. Since the oocyte has a very limited capacity to synthesize lipids de novo, most of the lipids in the mature eggs arise from the circulation. The main lipid carriers in the insect circulatory system are the lipoproteins lipophorin and vitellogenin. In some species, the endocytosis of lipophorin and vitellogenin may account for about 10% of the lipids present in mature eggs. Thus, most of the lipids are transferred by a lipophorin-mediated pathway, in which the lipoprotein unloads its lipid cargo at the surface of oocytes without internalization. This chapter recapitulates the current status on lipid storage and its utilization in insect oocytes and discusses the participation of key factors including lipoproteins, transfer proteins, lipolytic enzymes, and dynamic organelles such as lipid droplets. The new findings in the field of lipophorin receptors are presented in the context of lipid accumulation during egg maturation, and the roles of lipids beyond energy source are summarized from the perspective of oogenesis and embryogenesis. Finally, prospective and fruitful areas of future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo L Fruttero
- Instituto do Cerebro (InsCer). Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jimena Leyria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Lilián E Canavoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina.
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132
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Hitrik A, Popliker M, Gancz D, Mukamel Z, Lifshitz A, Schwartzman O, Tanay A, Gilboa L. Combgap Promotes Ovarian Niche Development and Chromatin Association of EcR-Binding Regions in BR-C. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006330. [PMID: 27846223 PMCID: PMC5147775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of niches for tissue-specific stem cells is an important aspect of stem cell biology. Determination of niche size and niche numbers during organogenesis involves precise control of gene expression. How this is achieved in the context of a complex chromatin landscape is largely unknown. Here we show that the nuclear protein Combgap (Cg) supports correct ovarian niche formation in Drosophila by controlling ecdysone-Receptor (EcR)- mediated transcription and long-range chromatin contacts in the broad locus (BR-C). Both cg and BR-C promote ovarian growth and the development of niches for germ line stem cells. BR-C levels were lower when Combgap was either reduced or over-expressed, indicating an intricate regulation of the BR-C locus by Combgap. Polytene chromosome stains showed that Cg co-localizes with EcR, the major regulator of BR-C, at the BR-C locus and that EcR binding to chromatin was sensitive to changes in Cg levels. Proximity ligation assay indicated that the two proteins could reside in the same complex. Finally, chromatin conformation analysis revealed that EcR-bound regions within BR-C, which span ~30 KBs, contacted each other. Significantly, these contacts were stabilized in an ecdysone- and Combgap-dependent manner. Together, these results highlight Combgap as a novel regulator of chromatin structure that promotes transcription of ecdysone target genes and ovarian niche formation. Germ line stem cells (GSCs) supply either eggs or sperm throughout the life- time of many organisms, including mammals. For their function, GSCs require input from somatic niche cells. Understanding how niches form during development is an important initial step in understanding how stem cell units form, and by extension, how they may regenerate. In this work we describe a new function for the chromatin binding protein Combgap in ovarian niche formation of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Combgap is required for the correct expression of another factor, BR-C, in somatic ovarian cells. BR-C is one of the central target genes of the steroid hormone ecdysone, and its expression is controlled by the ecdysone receptor (EcR). Interestingly, EcR-enriched regions within the BR-C locus are engaged in long-range contacts that are stabilized by ecdysone in a Combgap-depended manner. We also found that EcR binding to chromatin depends on WT levels of Combgap. BR-C regulates GSC unit establishment, intestinal stem cells, immune responses, and many other processes. Understanding Combgaps’ function in shaping the BR-C chromatin landscape is a first step towards better appreciation of how this important locus is controlled, and the general machinery coupling gene expression to 3D chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hitrik
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Popliker
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Gancz
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zohar Mukamel
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviezer Lifshitz
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Omer Schwartzman
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Mol. Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Childhood Leukemia Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Gilboa
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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133
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Wu K, Yang B, Huang W, Dobens L, Song H, Ling E. Gut immunity in Lepidopteran insects. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:65-74. [PMID: 26872544 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran insects constitute one of the largest fractions of animals on earth, but are considered pests in their relationship with man. Key to the success of this order of insects is its ability to digest food and absorb nutrition, which takes place in the midgut. Because environmental microorganisms can easily enter Lepidopteran guts during feeding, the innate immune response guards against pathogenic bacteria, virus and microsporidia that can be devoured with food. Gut immune responses are complicated by both resident gut microbiota and the surrounding peritrophic membrane and are distinct from immune responses in the body cavity, which depend on the function of the fat body and hemocytes. Due to their relevance to agricultural production, studies of Lepidopteran insect midgut and immunity are receiving more attention, and here we summarize gut structures and functions, and discuss how these confer immunity against different microorganisms. It is expected that increased knowledge of Lepidopteran gut immunity may be utilized for pest biological control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wuren Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Leonard Dobens
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Hongsheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Erjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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134
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Potential Direct Regulators of the Drosophila yellow Gene Identified by Yeast One-Hybrid and RNAi Screens. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3419-3430. [PMID: 27527791 PMCID: PMC5068961 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression controls development, and changes in this regulation often contribute to phenotypic evolution. Drosophila pigmentation is a model system for studying evolutionary changes in gene regulation, with differences in expression of pigmentation genes such as yellow that correlate with divergent pigment patterns among species shown to be caused by changes in cis- and trans-regulation. Currently, much more is known about the cis-regulatory component of divergent yellow expression than the trans-regulatory component, in part because very few trans-acting regulators of yellow expression have been identified. This study aims to improve our understanding of the trans-acting control of yellow expression by combining yeast-one-hybrid and RNAi screens for transcription factors binding to yellow cis-regulatory sequences and affecting abdominal pigmentation in adults, respectively. Of the 670 transcription factors included in the yeast-one-hybrid screen, 45 showed evidence of binding to one or more sequence fragments tested from the 5′ intergenic and intronic yellow sequences from D. melanogaster, D. pseudoobscura, and D. willistoni, suggesting that they might be direct regulators of yellow expression. Of the 670 transcription factors included in the yeast-one-hybrid screen, plus another TF previously shown to be genetically upstream of yellow, 125 were also tested using RNAi, and 32 showed altered abdominal pigmentation. Nine transcription factors were identified in both screens, including four nuclear receptors related to ecdysone signaling (Hr78, Hr38, Hr46, and Eip78C). This finding suggests that yellow expression might be directly controlled by nuclear receptors influenced by ecdysone during early pupal development when adult pigmentation is forming.
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135
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Flores D, Miller AL, Showman A, Tobita C, Shimoda LMN, Sung C, Stokes AJ, Tomberlin JK, Carter DO, Turner H. Fluorescence Imaging of Posterior Spiracles from Second and Third Instars of Forensically Important Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) . J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:1578-1587. [PMID: 27706817 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Entomological protocols for aging blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae to estimate the time of colonization (TOC) are commonly used to assist in death investigations. While the methodologies for analyzing fly larvae differ, most rely on light microscopy, genetic analysis, or, more rarely, electron microscopy. This pilot study sought to improve resolution of larval stage in the forensically important blowfly Chrysomya rufifacies using high-content fluorescence microscopy and biochemical measures of developmental marker proteins. We established fixation and mounting protocols, defined a set of measurable morphometric criteria and captured developmental transitions of 2nd instar to 3rd instar using both fluorescence microscopy and anti-ecdysone receptor Western blot analysis. The data show that these instars can be distinguished on the basis of robust, nonbleaching, autofluorescence of larval posterior spiracles. High-content imaging techniques using confocal microscopy, combined with morphometric and biochemical techniques, may therefore aid forensic entomologists in estimating TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Flores
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816.,Graduate Program in Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1650 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96816
| | - Amy L Miller
- Graduate Program in Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1650 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96816
| | - Angelique Showman
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816.,Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816
| | - Caitlyn Tobita
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816
| | - Lori M N Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816
| | - Carl Sung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816
| | - Alexander J Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaìi, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813
| | | | - David O Carter
- Graduate Program in Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1650 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96816
| | - Helen Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816
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136
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Lee S, Sohn KC, Choi DK, Won M, Park KA, Ju SK, Kang K, Bae YK, Hur GM, Ro H. Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switches for Regulated Transgene Expression in Cells and Adult Rodent Tissues. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e367. [PMID: 27673563 PMCID: PMC5056996 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Controlled gene expression is an indispensable technique in biomedical research. Here, we report a convenient, straightforward, and reliable way to induce expression of a gene of interest with negligible background expression compared to the most widely used tetracycline (Tet)-regulated system. Exploiting a Drosophila ecdysone receptor (EcR)-based gene regulatory system, we generated nonviral and adenoviral singular vectors designated as pEUI(+) and pENTR-EUI, respectively, which contain all the required elements to guarantee regulated transgene expression (GAL4-miniVP16-EcR, termed GvEcR hereafter, and 10 tandem repeats of an upstream activation sequence promoter followed by a multiple cloning site). Through the transient and stable transfection of mammalian cell lines with reporter genes, we validated that tebufenozide, an ecdysone agonist, reversibly induced gene expression, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with negligible background expression. In addition, we created an adenovirus derived from the pENTR-EUI vector that readily infected not only cultured cells but also rodent tissues and was sensitive to tebufenozide treatment for regulated transgene expression. These results suggest that EcR-based singular gene regulatory switches would be convenient tools for the induction of gene expression in cells and tissues in a tightly controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoghyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ah Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Ju
- Affiliated Research (and Development) Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Bae
- Comparative Biomedical Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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137
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Alvarez-Rivero J, Moris-Sanz M, Estacio-Gómez A, Montoliu-Nerin M, Díaz-Benjumea FJ, Herrero P. Variability in the number of abdominal leucokinergic neurons in adult Drosophila melanogaster. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:639-660. [PMID: 27506156 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developmental plasticity allows individuals with the same genotype to show different phenotypes in response to environmental changes. An example of this is how neuronal diversity is protected at the expense of neuronal number under sustained undernourishment during the development of the Drosophila optic lobe. In the development of the Drosophila central nervous system, neuroblasts go through two phases of neurogenesis separated by a period of mitotic quiescence. Although during embryonic development much evidence indicates that both cell number and the cell fates generated by each neuroblast are very precisely controlled in a cell autonomous manner, after quiescence extrinsic factors control the reactivation of neuroblast proliferation in a fashion that has not yet been elucidated. Moreover, there is very little information about whether environmental changes affect lineage progression during postembryonic neurogenesis. Using as a model system the pattern of abdominal leucokinergic neurons (ABLKs), we have analyzed how changes in a set of environmental factors affect the number of ABLKs generated during postembryonic neurogenesis. We describe the variability in ABLK number between individuals and between hemiganglia of the same individual and, by genetic analysis, we identify the bithorax-complex genes and the ecdysone hormone as critical factors in these differences. We also explore the possible adaptive roles involved in this process. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:639-660, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Moris-Sanz
- Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology (CBMSO), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Herrero
- Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology (CBMSO), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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138
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A Genetic Mosaic Screen Reveals Ecdysone-Responsive Genes Regulating Drosophila Oogenesis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:2629-42. [PMID: 27226164 PMCID: PMC4978916 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.028951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple aspects of Drosophila oogenesis, including germline stem cell activity, germ cell differentiation, and follicle survival, are regulated by the steroid hormone ecdysone. While the transcriptional targets of ecdysone signaling during development have been studied extensively, targets in the ovary remain largely unknown. Early studies of salivary gland polytene chromosomes led to a model in which ecdysone stimulates a hierarchical transcriptional cascade, wherein a core group of ecdysone-sensitive transcription factors induce tissue-specific responses by activating secondary branches of transcriptional targets. More recently, genome-wide approaches have identified hundreds of putative ecdysone-responsive targets. Determining whether these putative targets represent bona fide targets in vivo, however, requires that they be tested via traditional mutant analysis in a cell-type specific fashion. To investigate the molecular mechanisms whereby ecdysone signaling regulates oogenesis, we used genetic mosaic analysis to screen putative ecdysone-responsive genes for novel roles in the control of the earliest steps of oogenesis. We identified a cohort of genes required for stem cell maintenance, stem and progenitor cell proliferation, and follicle encapsulation, growth, and survival. These genes encode transcription factors, chromatin modulators, and factors required for RNA transport, stability, and ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that ecdysone might control a wide range of molecular processes during oogenesis. Our results suggest that, although ecdysone target genes are known to have cell type-specific roles, many ecdysone response genes that control larval or pupal cell types at developmental transitions are used reiteratively in the adult ovary. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which ecdysone signaling controls oogenesis, laying new ground for future studies.
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139
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Zhou C, Zha X, Shi P, Wei S, Wang H, Zheng R, Xia Q. Multiprotein bridging factor 2 regulates the expression of the fibroin heavy chain gene by interacting with Bmdimmed in the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:509-518. [PMID: 27110998 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiprotein bridging factor 2 (MBF2) was first isolated from the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. However, its function in B. mori is still unknown. Herein, MBF2 transcripts were detected mainly in the posterior silk gland and Malpighian tubules of B. mori larvae via a quantitative PCR analysis. An analysis of temporal expression patterns showed that the expression pattern of MBF2 was the opposite of that of the fibroin heavy chain (fibH) gene, as its expression was high during the fourth-instar moulting stage, decreased gradually during the fifth-instar feeding stage and disappeared at the end of the fifth-instar phase. Furthermore, bimolecular fluorescent complementation and Far-Western blot assays showed that MBF2 interacted with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Bmdimmed. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that MBF2 down-regulated the promoter activity of fibH and inhibited the effect of Bmdimmed (Bmdimm) on fibH expression. MBF2 expression was induced in silk glands after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that MBF2 is a transcriptional repressor that is involved in controlling the regulation of the fibH gene in the posterior silk gland by interacting with Bmdimm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - P Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - S Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - R Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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140
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Melo CFOR, Esteves CZ, de Oliveira RN, Guerreiro TM, de Oliveira DN, Lima EDO, Miné JC, Allegretti SM, Catharino RR. Early developmental stages of Ascaris lumbricoides featured by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4107-4114. [PMID: 27412760 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides is responsible for a highly disseminated helminth parasitic disease, ascariosis, a relevant parasitosis that responds for great financial burden on the public health system of developing countries. In this work, metabolic fingerprinting using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was employed to identify marker molecules from A. lumbricoides in different development stages. We have identified nine biomarkers, such as pheromones and steroidal prohormones in early stages, among other molecules in late development stages, making up four molecules for fertilized eggs, four marker molecules for first larvae (L1) and one marker molecule for third larvae (L3). Therefore, our findings indicate that this approach is suitable for biochemical characterization of A. lumbricoides development stages. Moreover, the straightforward analytical method employed, with almost no sample preparation from a complex matrix (feces) using high-resolution mass spectrometry, suggests that it is possible to seek for an easier and faster way to study animal molding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cibele Zanardi Esteves
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiane Melina Guerreiro
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estela de Oliveira Lima
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Miné
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa- UEPG, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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141
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Li K, Tian L, Guo Z, Guo S, Zhang J, Gu SH, Palli SR, Cao Y, Li S. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) Primary Response Gene E75 Isoforms Mediate Steroidogenesis Autoregulation and Regulate Developmental Timing in Bombyx. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18163-75. [PMID: 27365399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal control mechanisms that precisely control animal development remain largely elusive. The timing of major developmental transitions in insects, including molting and metamorphosis, is coordinated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). 20E involves feedback loops to maintain pulses of ecdysteroid biosynthesis leading to its upsurge, whereas the underpinning molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Using the silkworm Bombyx mori as a model, we demonstrated that E75, the 20E primary response gene, mediates a regulatory loop between ecdysteroid biosynthesis and 20E signaling. E75 isoforms A and C directly bind to retinoic acid receptor-related response elements in Halloween gene promoter regions to induce gene expression thus promoting ecdysteroid biosynthesis and developmental transition, whereas isoform B antagonizes the transcriptional activity of isoform A/C through physical interaction. As the expression of E75 isoforms is differentially induced by 20E, the E75-mediated regulatory loop represents a fine autoregulation of steroidogenesis, which contributes to the precise control of developmental timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China, the Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Tian
- the Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhongjian Guo
- the Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sanyou Guo
- the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- the Research Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Shi-Hong Gu
- the Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, and
| | - Subba R Palli
- the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Yang Cao
- the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng Li
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China, the Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,
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142
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Comparative analysis of the integument transcriptomes of the black dilute mutant and the wild-type silkworm Bombyx mori. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26114. [PMID: 27193628 PMCID: PMC4872147 DOI: 10.1038/srep26114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The insect cuticle is a critical protective shell that is composed predominantly of chitin and various cuticular proteins and pigments. Indeed, insects often change their surface pigment patterns in response to selective pressures, such as threats from predators, sexual selection and environmental changes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the construction of the epidermis and its pigmentation patterns are not fully understood. Among Lepidoptera, the silkworm is a favorable model for color pattern research. The black dilute (bd) mutant of silkworm is the result of a spontaneous mutation; the larval body color is notably melanized. We performed integument transcriptome sequencing of the wild-type strain Dazao and the mutant strains +/bd and bd/bd. In these experiments, during an early stage of the fourth molt, a stage at which approximately 51% of genes were expressed genome wide (RPKM ≥1) in each strain. A total of 254 novel transcripts were characterized using Cuffcompare and BLAST analyses. Comparison of the transcriptome data revealed 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may contribute to bd larval melanism, including 15 cuticular protein genes that were remarkably highly expressed in the bd/bd mutant. We suggest that these significantly up-regulated cuticular proteins may promote melanism in silkworm larvae.
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143
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Mutation of a Cuticle Protein Gene, BmCPG10, Is Responsible for Silkworm Non-Moulting in the 2nd Instar Mutant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153549. [PMID: 27096617 PMCID: PMC4838254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the silkworm, metamorphosis and moulting are regulated by ecdysone hormone and juvenile hormone. The subject in the present study is a silkworm mutant that does not moult in the 2nd instar (nm2). Genetic analysis indicated that the nm2 mutation is controlled by a recessive gene and is homozygous lethal. Based on positional cloning, nm2 was located in a region approximately 275 kb on the 5th linkage group by eleven SSR polymorphism markers. In this specific range, according to the transcriptional expression of thirteen genes and cloning, the relative expression level of the BmCPG10 gene that encodes a cuticle protein was lower than the expression level of the wild-type gene. Moreover, this gene’s structure differs from that of the wild-type gene: there is a deletion of 217 bp in its open reading frame, which resulted in a change in the protein it encoded. The BmCPG10 mRNA was detectable throughout silkworm development from the egg to the moth. This mRNA was low in the pre-moulting and moulting stages of each instar but was high in the gluttonous stage and in newly exuviated larvae. The BmCPG10 mRNA showed high expression levels in the epidermis, head and trachea, while the expression levels were low in the midgut, Malpighian tubule, prothoracic gland, haemolymph and ventral nerve cord. The ecdysone titre was determined by ELISA, and the results demonstrated that the ecdysone titre of nm2 larvae was lower than that of the wild-type larvae. The nm2 mutant could be rescued by feeding 20-hydroxyecdysone, cholesterol and 7—dehydrocholesterol (7dC), but the rescued nm2 only developed to the 4th instar and subsequently died. The moulting time of silkworms could be delayed by BmCPG10 RNAi. Thus, we speculated that the mutation of BmCPG10 was responsible for the silkworm mutant that did not moult in the 2nd instar.
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144
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Chen B, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Jia S, Chen S, Kang L. Genome-wide identification and developmental expression profiling of long noncoding RNAs during Drosophila metamorphosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23330. [PMID: 26996731 PMCID: PMC4800424 DOI: 10.1038/srep23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered with the recent advances in RNA-sequencing technologies. lncRNAs play key roles across diverse biological processes, and are involved in developmental regulation. However, knowledge about how the genome-wide expression of lncRNAs is developmentally regulated is still limited. We here performed a whole-genome identification of lncRNAs followed by a global expression profiling of these lncRNAs during development in Drosophila melanogaster. We combined bioinformatic prediction of lncRNAs with stringent filtering of protein-coding transcripts and experimental validation to define a high-confidence set of Drosophila lncRNAs. We identified 1,077 lncRNAs in the given transcriptomes that contain 43,967 transcripts; among these, 646 lncRNAs are novel. In vivo expression profiling of these lncRNAs in 27 developmental processes revealed that the expression of lncRNAs is highly temporally restricted relative to that of protein-coding genes. Remarkably, 21% and 42% lncRNAs were significantly upregulated at late embryonic and larval stage, the critical time for developmental transition. The results highlight the developmental specificity of lncRNA expression, and reflect the regulatory significance of a large subclass of lncRNAs for the onset of metamorphosis. The systematic annotation and expression analysis of lncRNAs during Drosophila development form the foundation for future functional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology/Hebei Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Molecular Chemistry, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shili Jia
- Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology/Hebei Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Molecular Chemistry, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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145
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VenkatRao V, Chaitanya RK, Dutta-Gupta A. 20-hydroxyecdysone mediates fat body arylphorin regulation during development of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. Gene 2016; 575:747-54. [PMID: 26456107 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arylphorin hexamerins are one of the major insect storage proteins involved in diverse functions during metamorphosis. However, their regulation during development is not elucidated so far. In the present study, we documented 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E)-mediated regulation of arylphorin expression in the fat body of the stored grain pest, Corcyra cephalonica. Based on the differential developmental expression and 20E-induced transcriptional as well as translational level alterations of arylphorin, we isolated the 5' upstream region of the gene to analyze regulatory motifs. Promoter motif analysis revealed the presence of ecdysone response element (ERE). Transient transfection studies showed the functionality of the ERE. Enzyme mobility shift experiments with radiolabelled, cold and mutated probes indicate ERE-nuclear factor binding. This study is the first to report transcriptional regulation of arylphorins by 20E in lepdopteran insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V VenkatRao
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - R K Chaitanya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - A Dutta-Gupta
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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146
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Cai MJ, Zhao WL, Jing YP, Song Q, Zhang XQ, Wang JX, Zhao XF. 20-hydroxyecdysone activates Forkhead box O to promote proteolysis during Helicoverpa armigera molting. Development 2016; 143:1005-15. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.128694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin inhibits transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO) activity, and the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) activates FoxO; however, the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that 20E upregulates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase (PTEN) expression to activate FoxO, thereby promoting proteolysis during molting in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. FoxO expression is increased during molting and metamorphosis. The knockdown of FoxO in fifth instar larvae results in larval molting failure. 20E induces FoxO non-phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Insulin, via Akt, induces FoxO phosphorylation and cytoplasm localization. 20E represses insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and FoxO phosphorylation. 20E, via ecdysone receptor B1 (EcRB1) and the ultraspiracle protein (USP1), upregulates PTEN expression, which represses Akt phosphorylation, thereby repressing FoxO phosphorylation. The non-phosphorylated FoxO enters the nucleus and attaches to a FoxO binding element in the upstream region of the Broad isoform 7 (BrZ7) gene to regulate BrZ7 transcription under 20E induction. 20E upregulates FoxO expression via EcRB1 and USP1. FoxO regulation of BrZ7 expression regulates CarboxypeptidaseA expression for final proteolysis during insect molting. Hence, 20E activates FoxO via upregulating PTEN expression to counteract insulin activity and promote proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Cai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yu-Pu Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qian Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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147
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Q. Nguyen
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755;
| | - Giovanni Bosco
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755;
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148
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Deng H, Niu K, Zhang J, Feng Q. BmBR-C Z4 is an upstream regulatory factor of BmPOUM2 controlling the pupal specific expression of BmWCP4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 66:42-50. [PMID: 26363295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E)-induced expression of the wing disc cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 was mediated by the transcription factor BmPOUM2, which binds to the cis-response elements (CREs) of BmWCP4 gene in Bombyx mori. In this study we report the regulation of BmPOUM2. RT-PCR analysis indicated that in response to 20E, BmPOUM2 was expressed at higher levels in the wing discs during the pre-pupal and mid-pupal stages than other stages and the expression pattern of BmBR-C Z1, BmBR-C Z2 and BmBR-C Z4 was in tandem with the expression of BmPOUM2. BmBR-C Z4 was induced by 20E in the wing discs, whereas BmBR-C Z1 and BmBR-C Z2 were not. Three potential BR-C Z4 cis-response elements (CREs) were identified in the promoter region of BmPOUM2. The expression of BmPOUM2 mRNA and protein was increased by the over-expression of BmBR-C Z4 in BmN cells, which acted at the promoter of BmPOUM2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and the luciferase activity analysis under the control of wild-type and mutants of the BR-C Z4 CREs suggested that BmBR-C Z4 protein bound to the predicted BRC-Z4 CRE C (-684 ∼ -660). Taken together the data suggest that BmBR-C Z4 is a direct upstream regulator of BmPOUM2 and regulates the pupal-specific expression of BmWCP4 through BmPOUM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Kangkang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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149
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Polistes smithii vs. Polistes dominula: the contrasting endocrinology and epicuticular signaling of sympatric paper wasps in the field. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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150
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Planelló R, Herrero Ó, Gómez-Sande P, Ozáez I, Cobo F, Servia MJ. Ecdysone-Related Biomarkers of Toxicity in the Model Organism Chironomus riparius: Stage and Sex-Dependent Variations in Gene Expression Profiles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140239. [PMID: 26448051 PMCID: PMC4598127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being considered a model organism in toxicity studies, particularly in assessing the environmental impact of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and other chemicals, the molecular basis of development is largely unknown in Chironomus riparius. We have characterized the expression patterns of important genes involved in the ecdysone pathway from embryos to pupa, but specially during the different phases of C. riparius fourth larval instar, according to the development of genital and thoracic imaginal discs. Real-Time PCR was used to analyze: EcR and usp, two genes encoding the two dimerizing partners of the functional ecdysone receptor; E74, an early response gene induced by ecdysteroids; vg (vitellogenin), an effector gene; hsp70 and hsc70, two heat-shock genes involved in the correct folding of the ecdysone receptor; and rpL13, as a part of the ribosomal machinery. Our results show for the first time stage and sex-dependent variations in ecdysone-responsive genes, specially during the late larval stage of C. riparius. The induction in the expression of EcR and usp during the VII-VIII phase of the fourth instar is concomitant with a coordinated response in the activity of the other genes analyzed, suggesting the moment where larvae prepare for pupation. This work is particularly relevant given that most of the analyzed genes have been proposed previously in this species as sensitive biomarkers for the toxicological evaluation of aquatic ecosystems. Identifying the natural regulation of these molecular endpoints throughout the Chironomus development will contribute to a more in-depth and accurate evaluation of the disrupting effects of EDCs in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Planelló
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gómez-Sande
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, USC, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Estación de Hidrobioloxía “Encoro do Con”, EHEC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, USC, Castroagudín s/n, 36617 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Irene Ozáez
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, USC, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Estación de Hidrobioloxía “Encoro do Con”, EHEC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, USC, Castroagudín s/n, 36617 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María J. Servia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, UDC, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
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