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Tian H, Chou FJ, Tian J, Zhang Y, You B, Huang CP, Yeh S, Niu Y, Chang C. ASC-J9® suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion via altering the ATF3-PTK2 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:3. [PMID: 33390173 PMCID: PMC7780640 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies indicated that ASC-J9®, an androgen receptor (AR) degradation enhancer, could suppress the prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Here we found ASC-J9® could also suppress the PCa progression via an AR-independent mechanism, which might involve modulating the tumor suppressor ATF3 expression. METHODS The lentiviral system was used to modify gene expression in C4-2, CWR22Rv1 and PC-3 cells. Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were used to detect protein expression. MTT and Transwell assays were used to test the proliferation and invasion ability. RESULTS ASC-J9® can suppress PCa cell proliferation and invasion in both PCa C4-2 and CWR22Rv1 cells via altering the ATF3 expression. Further mechanistic studies reveal that ASC-J9® can increase the ATF3 expression via decreasing Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit expression, which can then lead to decrease the PTK2 expression. Human clinical studies further linked the ATF3 expression to the PCa progression. Preclinical studies using in vivo mouse model also proved ASC-J9® could suppress AR-independent PCa cell invasion, which could be reversed after suppressing ATF3. CONCLUSIONS ASC-J9® can function via altering ATF3/PTK2 signaling to suppress the PCa progression in an AR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Bosen You
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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102
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Laccetti AL, Morris MJ, Kantoff PW. A Clinical Evaluation of Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Guiding Principles for Treatment Selection and Perspectives on Research. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13247-13263. [PMID: 33402834 PMCID: PMC7778386 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide was the first novel androgen receptor signaling inhibitor to demonstrate an overall survival benefit in non-metastatic and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). It has emerged as one of the most commonly prescribed oral prostate cancer therapies (ARSI) by medical oncologists and urologists. Amongst a panoply of treatment options for metastatic CSPC, safe and effective utilization of enzalutamide dictates a detailed understanding of alternative therapy options and competing toxicity profiles. Ongoing research supports the potential for expanded enzalutamide use in earlier disease states, in combination with other systemic agents and as monotherapy (without androgen deprivation therapy). Optimal application of enzalutamide will ultimately require greater insight and attention to mitigating strategies for treatment-associated fatigue, cognitive impairment, and functional decline. This publication will comprehensively analyze the clinical evidence and guiding principles of enzalutamide use in CSPC. We will also provide a critical review of ongoing and future ARSI research focusing on pharmacologic approaches to overcome treatment resistance and strategies to improve treatment-associated functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Laccetti
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Morris
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Boers J, Venema CM, de Vries EFJ, Hospers GAP, Boersma HH, Rikhof B, Dorbritz C, Glaudemans AWJM, Schröder CP. Serial [ 18F]-FDHT-PET to predict bicalutamide efficacy in patients with androgen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2020; 144:151-161. [PMID: 33341447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) is a potential target in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and 16β-[18F]-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone positron emission tomography ([18F]-FDHT-PET) can be used for noninvasive visualisation of AR. [18F]-FDHT uptake reduction during AR-targeting therapy reflects AR occupancy and might be predictive for treatment response. We assessed the feasibility of [18F]-FDHT-PET to detect changes in AR availability during bicalutamide treatment and correlated these changes with treatment response. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with AR + MBC, regardless of oestrogen receptor status, received an [18F]-FDHT-PET at baseline and after 4-6 weeks bicalutamide treatment. Baseline [18F]-FDHT uptake was expressed as maximum standardised uptake value. Percentage change in tracer uptake, corrected for background activity (SUVcor), between baseline and follow-up PET scan (% reduction), was assessed per-patient and lesion. Clinical benefit was determined in accordance with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1 or clinical evaluation (absence of disease progression for ≥24 weeks). RESULTS Baseline [18F]-FDHT-PET in 21 patients detected 341 of 515 lesions found with standard imaging and 21 new lesions. Follow-up [18F]-FDHT-PET was evaluable in 17 patients with 349 lesions, showing a decrease in median SUVcor from 1.3 to 0.7 per-patient and lesion (P < 0.001). Median % reduction per-patient was -45% and per-lesion -39%. In patients with progressive disease (n = 11), median % reduction was -30% versus -53% for patients who showed clinical benefit (in accordance with RECIST (n = 3) or clinical evaluation (n = 3); P = 0.338). CONCLUSION In this feasibility study, a bicalutamide-induced reduction in [18F]-FDHT uptake could be detected by follow-up [18F]-FDHT-PET in patients with AR + MBC. However, this change could not predict bicalutamide response. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION NCT02697032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorianne Boers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Clasina M Venema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Rikhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Dorbritz
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina P Schröder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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104
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Hawsawi YM, Zailaie SA, Oyouni AAA, Alzahrani OR, Alamer OM, Aljohani SAS. Prostate cancer and therapeutic challenges. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (THESSALONIKE, GREECE) 2020; 27:20. [PMID: 33303035 PMCID: PMC7730758 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in men worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the rate of PC is increasing annually. The sex steroid hormones androgens and their receptors have critical roles in PC development and progression. Additionally, apoptosis-related proteins such as heat-shock proteins are vital molecules in PC development. Steroid hormone-deprivation therapies remain the essential treatment for patients with metastatic PCs; however, acquired resistance to hormone deprivation and the transition to PC androgen independence is a major health obstacle. In this review, we aim to detail the roles of androgens, androgen receptors and sex steroid hormones in inducing apoptosis in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef MohammedRabaa Hawsawi
- Saudi Human Genome Program-Jeddah Satellite Laboratory, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samar Abdullah Zailaie
- Saudi Human Genome Program-Jeddah Satellite Laboratory, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Othman Rashed Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Mohamed Alamer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ali S Aljohani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Almadinah Almunawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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105
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Kohrt SE, Awadallah WN, Phillips RA, Case TC, Jin R, Nanda JS, Yu X, Clark PE, Yi Y, Matusik RJ, Anderson PD, Grabowska MM. Identification of Genes Required for Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:398-409. [PMID: 33298586 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer can be treated with the antiandrogen enzalutamide, but responses and duration of response are variable. To identify genes that support enzalutamide resistance, we performed a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen in the bone-homing, castration-resistant prostate cancer cell line, C4-2B. We identified 11 genes (TFAP2C, CAD, SPDEF, EIF6, GABRG2, CDC37, PSMD12, COL5A2, AR, MAP3K11, and ACAT1) whose loss resulted in decreased cell survival in response to enzalutamide. To validate our screen, we performed transient knockdowns in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells and evaluated cell survival in response to enzalutamide. Through these studies, we validated three genes (ACAT1, MAP3K11, and PSMD12) as supporters of enzalutamide resistance in vitro Although ACAT1 expression is lower in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer samples versus primary prostate cancer samples, knockdown of ACAT1 was sufficient to reduce cell survival in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells. MAP3K11 expression increases with Gleason grade, and the highest expression is observed in metastatic castration-resistant disease. Knockdown of MAP3K11 reduced cell survival, and pharmacologic inhibition of MAP3K11 with CEP-1347 in combination with enzalutamide resulted in a dramatic increase in cell death. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AR-Serine650, which is required for maximal AR activation. Finally, although PSMD12 expression did not change during disease progression, knockdown of PSMD12 resulted in decreased AR and AR splice variant expression, likely contributing to the C4-2B and 22Rv1 decrease in cell survival. Our study has therefore identified at least three new supporters of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kohrt
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wisam N Awadallah
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Thomas C Case
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jagpreet S Nanda
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Center/Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Yajun Yi
- Quality, Safety and Risk Prevention, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Magdalena M Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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106
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Vinh-Hung V, Natchagande G, Joachim C, Gorobets O, Drame M, Bougas S, Folefac E, Nguyen NP, Verschraegen C, Yin M. Low-Dose Enzalutamide in Late-Elderly Patients (≥ 75 Years Old) Presenting With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2020; 18:e660-e668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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107
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Tran TT, Song CH, Kim KJ, Lee K. A new compound targets the AF-1 of androgen receptor and decreases its activity and protein levels in prostate cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4607-4623. [PMID: 33415022 PMCID: PMC7783748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression levels of constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs) cause alterations in AR signaling, resulting in drug resistance and failed hormone therapy among patients with advanced prostate cancers. Several available compounds targeting the androgen axis and AR signaling have not demonstrated efficacy in preventing prostate cancer recurrence. Here, we investigated whether a new agent, 6-[6-ethoxy-5-ispropoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2[1H)-yl]-N-[6-methylpyridin-2-yl]nicotinamide (EIQPN), has the potential for treating advanced prostate cancer. EIQPN interacted with the AR-activation fragment-1 (AF-1) domain and blocked its androgen-independent activity, robustly decreased the protein levels of AR and variants in prostate cancer cells by inducing AR protein degradation, and inhibited the androgen-independent proliferation of various AR-positive prostate cancer cells. In xenograft mouse models, EIQPN blocked the tumor growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Overall, these findings indicate that EIQPN could serve as a novel therapeutic agent for advanced recurrent prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Thanh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
| | - Keesook Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
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108
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Harding JJ, Kelley RK, Tan B, Capanu M, Do GK, Shia J, Chou JF, Ferrer CS, Boussayoud C, Muenkel K, Yarmohammadi H, El Dika I, Khalil DN, Ruiz C, Rodriguez‐Lee M, Kuhn P, Wilton J, Iyer R, Abou‐Alfa GK. Phase Ib Study of Enzalutamide with or Without Sorafenib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1825-e1836. [PMID: 32548867 PMCID: PMC8186405 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED Androgen receptor as assessed by immunohistochemistry is expressed in a high proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Enzalutamide at 160 mg orally daily is safe and tolerable in patients with advanced HCC but has no single-agent antitumor activity. Enzalutamide, a CYP3A4 inducer, at a standard dose of 160 mg reduces the exposure of sorafenib, a CYP3A4 substrate. Enzalutamide and sorafenib is safe and tolerable in patients with advanced HCC, but the addition of enzalutamide to sorafenib did not enhance the antitumor activity of sorafenib. BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) interference is deleterious to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in preclinical models. METHODS This is a multicenter, phase Ib study of enzalutamide ± sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC. In part 1, a 3 + 3 dose de-escalation design with expansion established the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of enzalutamide in patients in whom sorafenib treatment had failed. In part 2, a 3 + 3 dose escalation with expansion established the safety of enzalutamide with sorafenib in treatment-naive patients with HCC. Secondary objectives included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), pharmacokinetics (PK), and determination of AR expression by immunohistochemistry. A 7-day run-in with sorafenib alone in part 2 allowed assessment of the impact of enzalutamide on sorafenib pharmacokinetics. RESULTS In part 1, 16 patients received enzalutamide 160 mg daily. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) occurred; 1 patient required dose reduction. Responses were not observed; median PFS and OS were 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-3.6) and 7 (95% CI: 3.6 to not reached [NR]) months, respectively. In part 2, patients received sorafenib 400 mg daily (4) or twice a day (8) both with enzalutamide at the recommended phase II dose-no DLTs were observed. ORR was 10% (95% CI: 0.3-44.5), and median PFS and OS were 2.9 (95% CI: 1.6 to NR) and 6.7 (95% CI: 4.6 to NR) months, respectively. Enzalutamide reduced sorafenib exposure by 60%. Tumor AR expression did not associate with outcome. CONCLUSION Enzalutamide is ineffective in HCC; further development is not supported by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Harding
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Robin K. Kelley
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Washington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Department of Epidemiology‐Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Gian Kinh Do
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Joanne F. Chou
- Department of Epidemiology‐Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Christine S. Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Chayma Boussayoud
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kerri Muenkel
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Imane El Dika
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Danny N. Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Carmen Ruiz
- University of Southern California USC Michelson CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Peter Kuhn
- University of Southern California USC Michelson CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Wilton
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Ghassan K. Abou‐Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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109
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Wei C, Gao X, Yuan P, Gan J, Li R, Liu Z, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Liu X. Prognostic Value of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:562504. [PMID: 33330031 PMCID: PMC7735106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.562504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) for the treatment response of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to synthesize relevant studies that assessed the prognostic value of AR-V7 status for the treatment response of mCRPC patients treated with androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSis) and chemotherapy. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases by using the keywords AR-V7 and prostate cancer to identify relevant studies published before 25 September 2019. The main outcomes were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results A total of 1,545 patients from 21 studies were included. For the mCRPC patients treated with ARSis, AR-V7-positive patients had a lower PSA response rate (OR 6.01, 95% CI 2.88–12.51; P < 0.001), shorter PFS (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.80–3.64; P < 0.001) and shorter OS (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2.92–6.27; P < 0.001) than AR-V7-negative patients. Although AR-V7-positive patients treated with chemotherapy also had a lower PSA response rate (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.38–3.62; P = 0.001) and shorter OS than AR-V7-negative patients (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02–2.53; P = 0.043), there was no significant difference in PFS (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.74–1.49; P = 0.796) between these groups. Furthermore, AR-V7-positive patients receiving ARSis had a shorter median OS than those receiving chemotherapy (HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.98–6.20; P < 0.001); There was no significant difference among AR-V7-negative patients (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.64–2.62; P = 0.47). Conclusions AR-V7 is a potential biomarker of treatment resistance in mCRPC patients. AR-V7-positive mCRPC patients had poorer treatment outcomes than AR-V7-nagetive patients when treated with ARSis. AR-V7-positive patients have better outcomes when treated with taxane than ARSis. Furthermore, the ability of AR-V7 status to predict treatment outcomes varies from different detection methods. The detection of AR-V7 before treatment is important for the selection of treatment modalities for mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Penghui Yuan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahua Gan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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110
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Ye M, Tian H, Lin S, Mo J, Li Z, Chen X, Liu J. Resveratrol inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis via the androgen receptor splicing variant 7 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:169. [PMID: 32934736 PMCID: PMC7471767 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor of the male genitourinary system and its incidence increases with age. Studies have shown that resveratrol (Res) inhibits cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis. The present study evaluated the effect of Res in two human prostate cancer cell lines (the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line and the non-androgen-independent LNCaP-B cell line) on proliferation and apoptosis. A proliferation assay was used to demonstrate that Res inhibited proliferation of LNCaP and LNCaP-B cells in the range of 25-100 µM, and the effect was time- and dose-dependent. Using flow cytometry, it was reported that various concentrations of Res induced apoptosis in LNCaP and LNCaP-B cells, and that the apoptotic effect of Res was dose-dependent. A chemiluminescence assay showed that Res inhibited prostate specific antigen levels in LNCaP and LNCaP-B cells. Reverse transcription quantitative-PCR showed that Res inhibited the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in LNCaP and LNCaP-B cells at the mRNA level. Western blot analysis showed that Res suppressed the expression of AR protein as well as protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. To study the effect of Res on the expression of AR splicing variant 7 (ARV7) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, the recombinant ARV7 expression vector Pcdna3.1-ARV7 was transfected into LNCaP and LNCaP cells and the aforementioned experiments were repeated. It was revealed that Res acted via the ARV7 and the AKT pathways. Taken together, the present results suggested that Res suppresses the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, promotes apoptosis and inhibits the expression of AR mRNA and protein. These effects likely resulted from inhibition of ARV7 and the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushi Ye
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Huanshu Tian
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Shanhong Lin
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Jierong Mo
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
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111
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Krebs S, Veach DR, Carter LM, Grkovski M, Fornier M, Mauro MJ, Voss MH, Danila DC, Burnazi E, Null M, Staton K, Pressl C, Beattie BJ, Zanzonico P, Weber WA, Lyashchenko SK, Lewis JS, Larson SM, Dunphy MPS. First-in-Humans Trial of Dasatinib-Derivative Tracer for Tumor Kinase-Targeted PET. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1580-1587. [PMID: 32169913 PMCID: PMC8524123 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.234864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a first-of-kind dasatinib-derivative imaging agent, 18F-SKI-249380 (18F-SKI), and validated its use for noninvasive in vivo tyrosine kinase-targeted tumor detection in preclinical models. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using 18F-SKI for PET imaging in patients with malignancies. Methods: Five patients with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer, renal cell cancer, or leukemia underwent whole-body PET/CT imaging 90 min after injection of 18F-SKI (mean, 241.24 ± 116.36 MBq) as part of a prospective study. In addition, patients underwent either a 30-min dynamic scan of the upper abdomen including, at least partly, cardiac left ventricle, liver, spleen, and kidney (n = 2) or three 10-min whole-body PET/CT scans (n = 3) immediately after injection and blood-based radioactivity measurements to determine the time course of tracer distribution and facilitate radiation dose estimates. A subset of 3 patients had a delayed whole-body PET/CT scan at 180 min. Biodistribution, dosimetry, and tumor uptake were quantified. Absorbed doses were calculated using OLINDA/EXM 1.0. Results: No adverse events occurred after injection of 18F-SKI. In total, 27 tumor lesions were analyzed, with a median SUVpeak of 1.4 (range, 0.7-2.3) and tumor-to-blood ratios of 1.6 (range, 0.8-2.5) at 90 min after injection. The intratumoral drug concentrations calculated for 4 reference lesions ranged from 0.03 to 0.07 nM. In all reference lesions, constant tracer accumulation was observed between 30 and 90 min after injection. A blood radioassay indicated that radiotracer clearance from blood and plasma was initially rapid (blood half-time, 1.31 ± 0.81 min; plasma, 1.07 ± 0.66 min; n = 4), followed variably by either a prolonged terminal phase (blood half-time, 285 ± 148.49 min; plasma, 240 ± 84.85 min; n = 2) or a small rise to a plateau (n = 2). Like dasatinib, 18F-SKI underwent extensive metabolism after administration, as evidenced by metabolite analysis. Radioactivity was predominantly cleared via the hepatobiliary route. The highest absorbed dose estimates (mGy/MBq) in normal tissues were to the right colon (0.167 ± 0.04) and small intestine (0.153 ± 0.03). The effective dose was 0.0258 mSv/MBq (SD, 0.0034 mSv/MBq). Conclusion:18F-SKI demonstrated significant tumor uptake, distinct image contrast despite low injected doses, and rapid clearance from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Krebs
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Darren R Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Milan Grkovski
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Monica Fornier
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Mauro
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Martin H Voss
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel C Danila
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eva Burnazi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Manda Null
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Staton
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christina Pressl
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Bradley J Beattie
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mark P S Dunphy
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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He Y, Hwang DJ, Ponnusamy S, Thiyagarajan T, Mohler ML, Narayanan R, Miller DD. Pyrazol-1-yl-propanamides as SARD and Pan-Antagonists for the Treatment of Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12642-12665. [PMID: 33095584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of a library of novel aryl pyrazol-1-yl-propanamides as selective androgen receptor degraders (SARDs) and pan-antagonists that exert broad-scope AR antagonism. Pharmacological evaluation demonstrated that introducing a pyrazole moiety as the B-ring structural element in the common A-ring-linkage-B-ring nonsteroidal antiandrogens' general pharmacophore allowed the development of a new scaffold of small molecules with unique SARD and pan-antagonist activities even compared to our recently published AF-1 binding SARDs such as UT-155 (9) and UT-34 (10). Novel B-ring pyrazoles exhibited potent AR antagonist activities, including promising distribution, metabolism, and pharmacokinetic properties, and broad-spectrum AR antagonist properties, including potent in vivo antitumor activity. 26a was able to induce an 80% tumor growth inhibition of xenografts derived from the enzalutamide-resistant (Enz-R) VCaP cell line. These results represent an advancement toward the development of novel AR antagonists for the treatment of Enz-R prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Suriyan Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Thirumagal Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Michael L Mohler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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Safety evaluation of enzalutamide dose-escalation strategy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:233.e15-233.e20. [PMID: 32988711 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enzalutamide (ENZ) is an androgen receptor inhibitor used for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the ENZ by dose-escalation strategy in patients with CRPC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with CRPC who received standard ENZ (started at 160 mg) or dose-escalation ENZ (started at 80 mg followed by dose escalation) from May 2014 to June 2019 in our hospital. Safety and time to treatment failure (TTF) were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate adverse events and drug discontinuation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate TTF. RESULTS Among 107 patients, 17 patients received standard ENZ and 90 patients received dose-escalation ENZ therapy. Adverse events (any grade) were observed in 88.2% of patients in the standard group and 63.3% in the dose-escalation group (P = 0.020). Grade ≥3 adverse events were observed in 23.5% and 6.7% of the patients in the standard and dose-escalation groups, respectively, (P = 0.021). Discontinuation due to adverse events was 35.3% and 12.2% in the standard and dose-escalation groups, respectively (P = 0.070). Median TTF was 10.4 months (95% confidential interval [CI]: 2.6-31.3 months) and 18.0 months (95% CI: 11.5-22.8 months) in the standard and dose-escalation groups, respectively (Hazard ratio: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.29-1.30, P = 0.194). CONCLUSIONS With the ENZ dose-escalation strategy, adverse events related to ENZ of any grade and grade ≥3 were significantly decreased, and discontinuation due to adverse events also decreased. Therefore, the dose-escalation strategy could be useful in optimizing the dose of ENZ.
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114
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Marandino L, Vignani F, Buttigliero C, Gamba T, Necchi A, Tucci M, Di Maio M. Evaluation of Cognitive Function in Trials Testing New-Generation Hormonal Therapy in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092568. [PMID: 32916886 PMCID: PMC7564823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In patients with prostate cancer, the use of new-generation hormonal therapy, added to androgen deprivation therapy, requires careful evaluation of cognitive function. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the evidence about cognitive function in randomized trials testing new-generation hormonal therapy (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide). For each trial, we assessed the availability of both investigator-assessed cognitive impairment and disorders and patient-reported evaluation of cognitive function. Out of 19 trials, the investigator-based evaluation of cognitive impairment was available in seven (36.8%), while patient-reported evaluation of cognitive function results was presented only in one trial (5.3%). This analysis shows that, despite cognitive deterioration could be relevant in patients with prostate cancer, clinical development of new-generation hormonal drugs has not included a systematic evaluation of cognitive function. Abstract In patients with prostate cancer, earlier use and longer duration of new-generation hormonal therapy (NGHT), added to androgen deprivation therapy, requires careful evaluation of cognitive function. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the evidence about cognitive function in all the randomized trials (RCTs) testing NGHT (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide). We assessed the availability of both investigator-assessed cognitive impairment and disorders and patient-reported evaluation of cognitive function. Nineteen RCTs (17,617 patients) were included. The investigator-based evaluation of cognitive impairment was available in seven RCTs (36.8%). In total, 19/19 RCTs (100%) included patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collection, but PRO tools adopted allowed evaluation of cognitive function in two RCTs (10.5%). Among them, PRO-based cognitive function results were presented only in one RCT (5.3%): in ENZAMET, mean changes from baseline were worse with enzalutamide than with placebo, but deterioration-free survival favored enzalutamide. Despite cognitive deterioration could be relevant, clinical development of NGHT has not included a systematic evaluation of cognitive function. Assessment by investigators is at risk of underreporting, and commonly used PROs do not allow proper cognitive function analysis. Furthermore, the methodology of analysis can jeopardize the interpretation of results. Although direct comparisons are scanty, there could be differences between different NGHTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marandino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Torino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.B.); (T.G.)
- Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione IRCCS, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Torino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.B.); (T.G.)
- Medical Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Teresa Gamba
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Torino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.B.); (T.G.)
- Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy;
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione IRCCS, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Medical Oncology, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy;
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Torino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.B.); (T.G.)
- Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-5082032
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115
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Kyriakopoulos CE, Heath EI, Ferrari A, Sperger JM, Singh A, Perlman SB, Roth AR, Perk TG, Modelska K, Porcari A, Duggan W, Lang JM, Jeraj R, Liu G. Exploring Spatial-Temporal Changes in 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT and Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3662-3671. [PMID: 32897830 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrapatient treatment response heterogeneity is under-recognized. Quantitative total bone imaging (QTBI) using 18F-NaF positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans is a tool that allows characterization of interlesional treatment response heterogeneity in bone. Understanding spatial-temporal response is important to identify individuals who may benefit from treatment beyond progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with at least two lesions on bone scintigraphy were enrolled and treated with enzalutamide 160 mg daily (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02384382). 18F-NaF PET/CT scans were obtained at baseline (PET1), week 13 (PET2), and at the time of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression, standard radiographic or clinical progression, or at 2 years without progression (PET3). QTBI was used to determine lesion-level response. The primary end point was the proportion of men with at least one responding bone lesion on PET3 using QTBI. RESULTS Twenty-three men were enrolled. Duration on treatment ranged from 1.4 to 34.1 months. In general, global standardized uptake value (SUV) metrics decreased while on enzalutamide (PET2) and increased at the time of progression (PET3). The most robust predictor of PSA progression was change in SUVhetero (PET1 to PET3; hazard ratio, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.24 to 12.1). Although overall functional disease burden improved during enzalutamide treatment, an increase in total burden (SUVtotal) was seen at the time of progression, as measured by 18F-NaF PET/CT. All (22/22) evaluable men had at least one responding bone lesion at PET3 using QTBI. CONCLUSION We found that the proportion of progressing lesions was low, indicating that a substantial number of lesions appear to continue to benefit from enzalutamide beyond progression. Selective targeting of nonresponding lesions may be a reasonable approach to extend benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth I Heath
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jamie M Sperger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Anupama Singh
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Scott B Perlman
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Alison R Roth
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Timothy G Perk
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | | | | | - Joshua M Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Robert Jeraj
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,AIQ Solutions, Madison, WI
| | - Glenn Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,AIQ Solutions, Madison, WI
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116
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Guan X, Sun D, Lu E, Urrutia JA, Reiter RE, Rettig M, Evans CP, Lara P, Gleave M, Beer TM, Thomas GV, Huang J, Aggarwal RR, Quigley DA, Foye A, Chen WS, Youngren J, Weinstein AS, Stuart JM, Feng FY, Small EJ, Xia Z, Alumkal JJ. Copy Number Loss of 17q22 Is Associated with Enzalutamide Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4616-4624. [PMID: 32727885 PMCID: PMC7484240 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure genomic changes that emerge with enzalutamide treatment using analyses of whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One hundred and one tumors from men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had not been treated with enzalutamide (n = 64) or who had enzalutamide-resistant mCRPC (n = 37) underwent whole genome sequencing. Ninety-nine of these tumors also underwent RNA sequencing. We analyzed the genomes and transcriptomes of these mCRPC tumors. RESULTS Copy number loss was more common than gain in enzalutamide-resistant tumors. Specially, we identified 124 protein-coding genes that were more commonly lost in enzalutamide-resistant samples. These 124 genes included eight putative tumor suppressors located at nine distinct genomic regions. We demonstrated that focal deletion of the 17q22 locus that includes RNF43 and SRSF1 was not present in any patient with enzalutamide-naïve mCRPC but was present in 16% (6/37) of patients with enzalutamide-resistant mCRPC. 17q22 loss was associated with lower RNF43 and SRSF1 expression and poor overall survival from time of biopsy [median overall survival of 19.3 months in 17q22 intact vs. 8.9 months in 17q22 loss, HR, 3.44 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.338-8.867, log-rank P = 0.006]. Finally, 17q22 loss was linked with activation of several targetable factors, including CDK1/2, Akt, and PLK1, demonstrating the potential therapeutic relevance of 17q22 loss in mCRPC. CONCLUSIONS Copy number loss is common in enzalutamide-resistant tumors. Focal deletion of chromosome 17q22 defines a previously unappreciated molecular subset of enzalutamide-resistant mCRPC associated with poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Guan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Duanchen Sun
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Eric Lu
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joshua A Urrutia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert Evan Reiter
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Rettig
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- VA Greater Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher P Evans
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Primo Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - George V Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rahul R Aggarwal
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David A Quigley
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam Foye
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William S Chen
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jack Youngren
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Felix Y Feng
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric J Small
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zheng Xia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Nanda JS, Awadallah WN, Kohrt SE, Popovics P, Cates JMM, Mirosevich J, Clark PE, Giannico GA, Grabowska MM. Increased nuclear factor I/B expression in prostate cancer correlates with AR expression. Prostate 2020; 80:1058-1070. [PMID: 32692871 PMCID: PMC7434711 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most prostate cancers express androgen receptor (AR), and our previous studies have focused on identifying transcription factors that modify AR function. We have shown that nuclear factor I/B (NFIB) regulates AR activity in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells in vitro. However, the status of NFIB in prostate cancer was unknown. METHODS We immunostained a tissue microarray including normal, hyperplastic, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, primary prostatic adenocarcinoma, and castration-resistant prostate cancer tissue samples for NFIB, AR, and synaptophysin, a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation. We interrogated publically available data sets in cBioPortal to correlate NFIB expression and AR and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) activity scores. We analyzed prostate cancer cell lines for NFIB expression via Western blot analysis and used nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation to assess where NFIB is localized. We performed co-immunoprecipitation studies to determine if NFIB and AR interact. RESULTS NFIB increased in the nucleus and cytoplasm of prostate cancer samples versus matched normal controls, independent of Gleason score. Similarly, cytoplasmic AR and synaptophysin increased in primary prostate cancer. We observed strong NFIB staining in primary small cell prostate cancer. The ratio of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear NFIB staining was predictive of earlier biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer, once adjusted for tumor margin status. Cytoplasmic AR was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence. There was no statistically significant difference between NFIB and synaptophysin expression in primary and castration-resistant prostate cancer, but cytoplasmic AR expression was increased in castration-resistant samples. In primary prostate cancer, nuclear NFIB expression correlated with cytoplasmic NFIB and nuclear AR, while cytoplasmic NFIB correlated with synaptophysin, and nuclear and cytoplasmic AR. In castration-resistant prostate cancer samples, NFIB expression correlated positively with an AR activity score, and negatively with the NEPCa score. In prostate cancer cell lines, NFIB exists in several isoforms. We observed NFIB predominantly in the nuclear fraction of prostate cancer cells with increased cytoplasmic expression seen in castration-resistant cell lines. We observed an interaction between AR and NFIB through co-immunoprecipitation experiments. CONCLUSION We have described the expression pattern of NFIB in primary and castration-resistant prostate cancer and its positive correlation with AR. We have also demonstrated AR interacts with NFIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagpreet S. Nanda
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Sarah E. Kohrt
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Justin M. M. Cates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Janni Mirosevich
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter E. Clark
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Center/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Giovanna A. Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Magdalena M. Grabowska
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Address correspondence to: Magdalena M. Grabowska, 2123 Adelbert Road, Wood Research Tower; RTG00, Cleveland, OH 44106, Phone: 216-368-5736,
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Altavilla A, Casadei C, Lolli C, Menna C, Ravaglia G, Gurioli G, Farolfi A, Brighi N, Conteduca V, Burgio SL, Schepisi G, Rossi L, Gargiulo S, Lisotti I, De Giorgi U. Enzalutamide for the treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:2091-2099. [PMID: 32783772 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1803281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enzalutamide is the first characterized second-generation nonsteroidal androgen receptor inhibitor (ARi). Its efficacy has been established in several clinical trials evaluating its role in different settings of prostate cancer. Recently, enzalutamide has been approved for the treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). AREAS COVERED In this paper, the authors describe the chemical structure and pharmacologic characteristics of enzalutamide, providing a summary of clinical trials evaluating its efficacy and safety in prostate cancer patients. EXPERT OPINION Enzalutamide adds to the growing arsenal of ARi used in nmCRPC. An improvement in metastasis-free survival was observed with the use of these new treatment options; recently released preliminary data report also an OS benefit. These novel agents are generally well tolerated, but their safety profiles differ slightly. Since head-to-head comparisons between ARi in nmCRPC are lacking, the adverse events profile, as well as drug availability, costs, and considerations on treatment-sequencing, would most likely influence the selection of the individual agent in this setting. Further research is needed to improve treatment selection and clarify many unsolved issues. Abbreviations ARi: nonsteroidal androgen receptor inhibitor; nmCRPC: nonmetastatic castration resistant prostate cancer; ADT: androgen deprivation therapy; OS: overall survival; PSA: prostate specific antigen; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; AR: Androgen Receptor; MFS: metastasis free survival; PSA-DT: PSA doubling time; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; AEs: adverse events; mCRPC: metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer; mHSPC: metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; rPFS: radiographic progression-free survival; OR: odds ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Altavilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ravaglia
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Nicole Brighi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Salvatore Luca Burgio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Lorena Rossi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Stefania Gargiulo
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Ivana Lisotti
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola, Italy
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Interleukin-10 Induces Expression of Neuroendocrine Markers and PDL1 in Prostate Cancer Cells. Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:5305306. [PMID: 32802517 PMCID: PMC7415101 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5305306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL10) is best studied for its inhibitory action on immune cells and ability to suppress an antitumour immune response. But IL10 also exerts direct effects on nonimmune cells such as prostate cancer epithelial cells. Elevated serum levels of IL10 observed in prostate and other cancer patients are associated with poor prognosis. After first-line androgen-deprivation therapy, prostate cancer patients are treated with androgen receptor antagonists such as enzalutamide to inhibit androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell growth. However, development of resistance inevitably occurs and this is associated with tumour differentiation to more aggressive forms such as a neuroendocrine phenotype characterized by expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin. We found that treatment of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro with IL10 or enzalutamide induced markers of neuroendocrine differentiation and inhibited androgen receptor reporter activity. Both also upregulated the levels of PDL1, which could promote tumour survival in vivo through its interaction with the immune cell inhibitory receptor PD1 to suppress antitumour immunity. These findings suggest that IL10's direct action on prostate cancer cells could contribute to prostate cancer progression independent of IL10's suppression of host immune cells.
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Labib M, Wang Z, Ahmed SU, Mohamadi RM, Duong B, Green B, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Tracking the expression of therapeutic protein targets in rare cells by antibody-mediated nanoparticle labelling and magnetic sorting. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 5:41-52. [PMID: 32719513 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level features of tumours can be tracked using single-cell analyses of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). However, single-cell measurements of protein expression for rare CTCs are hampered by the presence of a large number of non-target cells. Here, we show that antibody-mediated labelling of intracellular proteins in the nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm of human cells with magnetic nanoparticles enables analysis of target proteins at the single-cell level by sorting the cells according to their nanoparticle content in a microfluidic device with cell-capture zones sandwiched between arrays of magnets. We used the magnetic labelling and cell-sorting approach to track the expression of therapeutic protein targets in CTCs isolated from blood samples of mice with orthotopic prostate xenografts and from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We also show that mutated proteins that are drug targets or markers of therapeutic response can be directly identified in CTCs, analysed at the single-cell level and used to predict how mice with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant pancreatic tumour xenografts respond to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif U Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reza M Mohamadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bill Duong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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121
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Positron Emission Tomography-Based Response to Target and Immunotherapies in Oncology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56080373. [PMID: 32722205 PMCID: PMC7466359 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors both in clinical trials and, in selected patients, at the single patient's level. The present review aims to discuss available evidence related to the use of [18F]FDG PET (Positron Emission Tomography) to evaluate the response to target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Criteria proposed for the standardization of the definition of the PET-based response and complementary value with respect to morphological imaging are commented on. The use of PET-based assessment of the response through metabolic pathways other than glucose metabolism is also relevant in the framework of personalized cancer treatment. A brief discussion of the preliminary evidence for the use of non-FDG PET tracers in the evaluation of the response to new therapies is also provided.
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Katzenellenbogen JA. PET Imaging Agents (FES, FFNP, and FDHT) for Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptors to Improve Management of Breast and Prostate Cancers by Functional Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2020. [PMID: 32718075 PMCID: PMC7465097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many breast and prostate cancers are driven by the action of steroid hormones on their cognate receptors in primary tumors and in metastases, and endocrine therapies that inhibit hormone production or block the action of these receptors provide clinical benefit to many but not all of these cancer patients. Because it is difficult to predict which individuals will be helped by endocrine therapies and which will not, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) in breast cancer, and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer can provide useful, often functional, information on the likelihood of endocrine therapy response in individual patients. This review covers our development of three PET imaging agents, 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) for ER, 21-[18F]fluoro-furanyl-nor-progesterone (FFNP) for PgR, and 16β-[18F]fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) for AR, and the evolution of their clinical use. For these agents, the pathway from concept through development tracks with an emerging understanding of critical performance criteria that is needed for successful PET imaging of these low-abundance receptor targets. Progress in the ongoing evaluation of what they can add to the clinical management of breast and prostate cancers reflects our increased understanding of these diseases and of optimal strategies for predicting the success of clinical endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Identification of Potential Key Genes and Pathways in Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Lines: A Bioinformatics Analysis with Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8341097. [PMID: 32724813 PMCID: PMC7382728 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8341097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzalutamide (ENZ) has been approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but some patients develop ENZ resistance initially or after long-term administration. Although a few key genes have been discovered by previous efforts, the complete mechanisms of ENZ resistance remain unsolved. To further identify more potential key genes and pathways in the development of ENZ resistance, we employed the GSE104935 dataset, including 5 ENZ-resistant (ENZ-R) and 5 ENZ-sensitive (ENZ-S) PCa cell lines, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Integrated bioinformatics analyses were conducted, such as analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and survival analysis. From these, we identified 201 DEGs (93 upregulated and 108 downregulated) and 12 hub genes (AR, ACKR3, GPER1, CCR7, NMU, NDRG1, FKBP5, NKX3-1, GAL, LPAR3, F2RL1, and PTGFR) that are potentially associated with ENZ resistance. One upregulated pathway (hedgehog pathway) and seven downregulated pathways (pathways related to androgen response, p53, estrogen response, TNF-α, TGF-β, complement, and pancreas β cells) were identified as potential key pathways involved in the occurrence of ENZ resistance. Our findings may contribute to further understanding the molecular mechanisms of ENZ resistance and provide some clues for the prevention and treatment of ENZ resistance.
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Crawford ED, Stanton W, Mandair D. Darolutamide: An Evidenced-Based Review of Its Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5667-5676. [PMID: 32765070 PMCID: PMC7367726 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s227583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Men treated with androgen deprivation therapy for rising PSA after failed local therapy will often develop castrate resistance, and the appearance of metastases predicts a poor prognosis. Thus, researchers have long sought to prolong the onset of metastasis in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Until 2018, patients in this group had no FDA-approved treatment options. They were typically managed with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) to maintain castrate systemic testosterone levels and given approved therapies for metastatic CRPC once metastases appeared. However, third-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) have dramatically changed the treatment paradigm, having shown the ability to extend metastasis-free survival (MFS) significantly over ADT alone in Phase 3 trials. The newest of these, darolutamide, prolonged MFS 22 months over placebo while also improving a host of secondary and exploratory endpoints such as overall survival (OS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression and time to pain progression, chemotherapy initiation, and symptomatic skeletal events. Among third-generation ARIs, darolutamide is unique in that it incorporates two pharmacologically active diastereomers and has demonstrated resistance to all known androgen receptor (AR) mutations. Additionally, patients taking darolutamide appear to experience comparatively few central nervous system-related adverse events (AEs) such as fatigue and falls, and no increases in seizures have been reported in the drug's clinical or preclinical development. Various authors attribute the low incidence of CNS-related AEs to darolutamide's minimal penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Other side effects ranging from hot flashes to hypothyroidism also occurred at rates similar to those of the placebo arm in Phase 3. As ADT in itself raises cardiovascular risk, the cardiovascular safety of third-generation antiandrogens as a category warrants continued scrutiny. In total, however, published data suggest that darolutamide provides a reasonable option for patients with nonmetastatic CRPC. Ongoing research will determine darolutamide's potential role in additional disease states such as localized and castration-sensitive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- E David Crawford
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Whitney Stanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Divneet Mandair
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Wang N, Jiang Y, Lv S, Wen H, Wu D, Wei Q, Dang Q. HOTAIR expands the population of prostatic cancer stem-like cells and causes Docetaxel resistance via activating STAT3 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12771-12782. [PMID: 32657763 PMCID: PMC7377851 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic cancer stem-like cells (PCSLCs) play an essential role in PCa development. Accumulating evidence suggests that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or chemotherapy using docetaxel could expand the population of PCSLCs. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for PCSLCs expansion has broadly scientific interest. Here, our results revealed that lncRNA HOTAIR could increase PCSLCs population via activating STAT3 signaling. Mechanistically, HOTAIR functioned as miR-590-5p sponge and prevented it from targeting the 3'UTR of IL-10, one upstream molecule of STAT3 signaling, leading to IL-10 upregulation and STAT3 activation. We also found that HOTAIR was required and sufficient to cause Docetaxel resistance (DocR) in C4-2 PCa cells. Moreover, our in vivo animal study also confirmed that Du145-HOTAIR mice had a faster tumor growth rate and a poorer survival rate compared to control cohorts. Our data build compelling rationale to target HOTAIR for the depletion of PCSLCs and alleviation of Docetaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Kanghua Hospital, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaodong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shidong Lv
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoran Wen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Dang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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Tiwari R, Manzar N, Ateeq B. Dynamics of Cellular Plasticity in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:130. [PMID: 32754615 PMCID: PMC7365877 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current advances in the treatment for prostate cancer, the patients often develop resistance to the conventional therapeutic interventions. Therapy-induced drug resistance and tumor progression have been associated with cellular plasticity acquired due to reprogramming at the molecular and phenotypic levels. The plasticity of the tumor cells is mainly governed by two factors: cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic. The cell-intrinsic factors involve alteration in the genetic or epigenetic regulators, while cell-extrinsic factors include microenvironmental cues and drug-induced selective pressure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness are two important hallmarks that dictate cellular plasticity in multiple cancer types including prostate. Emerging evidence has also pinpointed the role of tumor cell plasticity in driving anti-androgen induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a lethal and therapy-resistant subtype. In this review, we discuss the role of cellular plasticity manifested due to genetic, epigenetic alterations and cues from the tumor microenvironment, and their role in driving therapy resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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127
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Saltalamacchia G, Frascaroli M, Bernardo A, Quaquarini E. Renal and Cardiovascular Toxicities by New Systemic Treatments for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071750. [PMID: 32630204 PMCID: PMC7407336 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common male cancer in Western Countries. In recent years, the treatment of relapsed or metastatic disease had benefited by the introduction of a variety of new different drugs. In consideration of the relative long survival of PC patients, side effects of these drugs must be considered and monitored. In this review, we analyzed the newly developed therapies for PC treatment, describing the mechanism of action, the metabolism and latest clinical trials that led to the approval of these drugs in clinical practice. We then evaluated the cardiovascular and renal side effects from pivotal phase III and II studies and meta-analyses. Cardiovascular side effects are the most frequent, in particular hypertension, while renal toxicity is rarer and not well described in literature. Therefore, there is a need to better define the effects of these therapies, in order to personalize patient treatment on the basis of their comorbidities and preferences, in addition to their symptoms and disease load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Saltalamacchia
- Operative Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.S.); (A.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara Frascaroli
- Operative Unit of Translational Oncology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bernardo
- Operative Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Erica Quaquarini
- Operative Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.S.); (A.B.)
- Experimental Medicine School, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; +39-0382-592671
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Khan F, Pandey P, Ahmad V, Upadhyay TK. Moringa oleifera methanolic leaves extract induces apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest via downregulation of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in human prostate PC-3 cancer cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13338. [PMID: 32588472 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The inadequacy of effective treatment approaches for prostate cancer enlightens the crucial necessity for the search and emergence of novel and multitasking anticancer substances. Several experimental studies suggested the role of natural compounds in prostate cancer growth inhibition by Hedgehog signaling modulation. In the current study, we suggested the anticancer and apoptosis inducing effects of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) were linked to downregulation of Hedgehog pathway in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. We found that M. oleifera leaves methanolic extract exhibited significant anticancerous potential by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 activity in prostate cancer. We also observed a dose-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest as well as significant alteration in mRNA expression of apoptosis related and Hedgehog signaling pathway genes by M. oleifera extract treatment. Altogether, these experimental findings demonstrated that M. oleifera may exert antiproliferative apoptosis inducing effects by Hedgehog signaling pathway downregulation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Moringa oleifera plant, a rich nutrional source, has extensive range of pharmacological applications including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. To best of our knowledge, this could be the first intensive report which presented the inhibitory potential of M. oleifera leaves extract against PC-3 prostate cancer cells via targeting key molecules of Hedgehog signaling. Decreased mRNA expression of GLI1 transcription factor and SMO protein of Hedgehog signaling pathway may be involved in antiproliferative effects of M. oleifera leaves extract against prostate cancer cells. Our study suggested that M. oleifera supplementation might be beneficial for the development and improvement of targeted therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Varish Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- School of Applied Sciences and Agriculture Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
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Dellal H, Boulahtouf A, Alaterre E, Cuenant A, Grimaldi M, Bourguet W, Gongora C, Balaguer P, Pourquier P. High Content Screening Using New U2OS Reporter Cell Models Identifies Harmol Hydrochloride as a Selective and Competitive Antagonist of the Androgen Receptor. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061469. [PMID: 32560058 PMCID: PMC7349874 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. Its growth mainly relies on the activity of the androgen receptor (AR), justifying the use of androgen deprivation therapy as a gold standard treatment for the metastatic disease. Inhibition of the androgen axis using second generation antagonists has improved patients’ survival, but is systematically confronted to resistance mechanisms, leading to a median survival that does not exceed 5 years. Counteracting this resistance has been the object of a large number of investigations, with a particular emphasis towards the identification of new AR inhibitors, whether they antagonize the receptor by a competitive or a non-competitive binding. To this end, many high content screens have been performed, to identify new non-steroidal AR antagonists, using a variety of approaches, but reported somewhat controversial results, depending on the approach and on the cell model that was used for screening. In our study, we used the U2OS osteosarcoma cells stably transfected with AR or ARv7 and a luciferase reporter as a previously validated model to screen the Prestwick Phytochemical library. The results of our screen identified ellipticine, harmol, and harmine hydrochloride as confirmed hits. Surprisingly, we could demonstrate that harmol hydrochloride, previously identified as a non-competitive inhibitor of AR or a weak inhibitor of androgen signaling, was actually a competitive antagonist of AR, which inhibits the growth of VCaP prostate cancer line, at concentrations for which it did not affect the growth of the AR negative DU145 and PC3 cells. Interestingly, we also report for the first time that harmol hydrochloride was selective for AR, as it could not alter the activity of other nuclear receptors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the progesterone receptor (PR), or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Additionally, we demonstrate that, conversely to enzalutamide, harmol hydrochloride did not show any agonistic activity towards the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a master regulator of drug metabolism. Together, our results shed light on the importance of the cellular context for the screening of new AR antagonists. They further indicate that some of the potential hits that were previously identified may have been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjer Dellal
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Elina Alaterre
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Alice Cuenant
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - William Bourguet
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Gongora
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (P.P.); Tel.: +33-4-67-61-24-09 (P.B.); +33-4-66-68-32-31 (P.P.); Fax: +33-4-67-61-23-37 (P.B.); +33-4-66-68-37-02 (P.P.)
| | - Philippe Pourquier
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (H.D.); (A.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (C.G.)
- Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (P.P.); Tel.: +33-4-67-61-24-09 (P.B.); +33-4-66-68-32-31 (P.P.); Fax: +33-4-67-61-23-37 (P.B.); +33-4-66-68-37-02 (P.P.)
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Abou D, Benabdallah N, Jiang W, Peng L, Zhang H, Villmer A, Longtine MS, Thorek DLJ. Prostate Cancer Theranostics - An Overview. Front Oncol 2020; 10:884. [PMID: 32582550 PMCID: PMC7290246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is incurable, and novel methods to detect the disease earlier and to direct definitive treatment are needed. Molecularly specific tools to localize diagnostic and cytotoxic radionuclide payloads to cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment are recognized as a critical component of new approaches to combat this disease. The implementation of theranostic approaches to characterize and personalize patient management is beginning to be realized for prostate cancer patients. This review article summarized clinically translated approaches to detect, characterize, and treat disease in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Abou
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Radiology Cyclotron Facility, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nadia Benabdallah
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wen Jiang
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lu Peng
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alexandria Villmer
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mark S. Longtine
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel L. J. Thorek
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Oncologic Imaging Program, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Transcriptional profiling identifies an androgen receptor activity-low, stemness program associated with enzalutamide resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12315-12323. [PMID: 32424106 PMCID: PMC7275746 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922207117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide is one of the principal treatments for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, not all patients respond, and resistance mechanisms are largely unknown. We hypothesized that genomic and transcriptional features from metastatic CRPC biopsies prior to treatment would be predictive of de novo treatment resistance. To this end, we conducted a phase II trial of enzalutamide treatment (160 mg/d) in 36 men with metastatic CRPC. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for the primary end point of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)50 response (PSA decline ≥50% at 12 wk vs. baseline). Nine patients were classified as nonresponders (PSA decline <50%), and 25 patients were classified as responders (PSA decline ≥50%). Failure to achieve a PSA50 was associated with shorter progression-free survival, time on treatment, and overall survival, demonstrating PSA50's utility. Targeted DNA-sequencing was performed on 26 of 36 biopsies, and RNA-sequencing was performed on 25 of 36 biopsies that contained sufficient material. Using computational methods, we measured AR transcriptional function and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify pathways whose activity state correlated with de novo resistance. TP53 gene alterations were more common in nonresponders, although this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). AR gene alterations and AR expression were similar between groups. Importantly, however, transcriptional measurements demonstrated that specific gene sets-including those linked to low AR transcriptional activity and a stemness program-were activated in nonresponders. Our results suggest that patients whose tumors harbor this program should be considered for clinical trials testing rational agents to overcome de novo enzalutamide resistance.
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Ryan C, Wefel JS, Morgans AK. A review of prostate cancer treatment impact on the CNS and cognitive function. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:207-219. [PMID: 31844181 PMCID: PMC7237350 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the backbone of systemic therapy for men with prostate cancer (PC); almost one-half of patients receive treatment during their disease course. However, a range of cognitive and other central nervous system (CNS) changes have been associated with ADT. In this review, we discuss extant data describing these complications and the mechanisms through which medications used to deliver ADT may affect them. METHODS We performed a MEDLINE search for appropriate papers published between January 2000 and December 2018. Relevant papers were selected and reviewed; additional publications were identified by manually assessing references from included papers, and recent congress abstracts. RESULTS Of ~230 search outputs, 33 were selected for inclusion. Some studies suggested a clear association between ADT and CNS effects in men with PC, whereas others did not. Accurate assessment is limited by test instrument variability, inadequate sample sizes, short follow-up duration, and limited prospective longitudinal studies. The approved second-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors enzalutamide and apalutamide were associated with some CNS-related adverse events (AEs) in clinical studies, including fatigue (which can interfere with cognitive function). The androgen synthesis inhibitor abiraterone acetate was associated with a low CNS AE profile when compared with enzalutamide. The AR antagonist darolutamide demonstrated a comparable incidence of cognitive disorder in clinical trials to that of ADT alone. CONCLUSIONS Adequately caring for men receiving ADT requires an understanding of the symptoms, incidence and magnitude of cognitive effects, and a feasible approach to cognitive assessment and management in clinical settings. Some CNS effects could relate to blood-brain barrier penetration and direct AR inhibitor activity; drug safety profiles may differ by the degree of blood-brain barrier penetration of particular agents. Ongoing clinical trials seek to define the CNS tolerability of newer AR pathway-targeted therapy options more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ryan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Wefel
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia K Morgans
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Rajaram P, Rivera A, Muthima K, Olveda N, Muchalski H, Chen QH. Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Antagonists as Hormonal Therapeutics for Three Forms of Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E2448. [PMID: 32456317 PMCID: PMC7287767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide is the first second-generation nonsteroidal androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with a strong binding affinity to AR. Most significantly, enzalutamide can prolong not only overall survival time and metastatic free survival time for patients with lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but also castration-resistant free survival time for patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Enzalutamide has thus been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of both metastatic (in 2012) and non-metastatic (in 2018) CRPC, as well as CSPC (2019). This is an inspiring drug discovery story created by an amazing interdisciplinary collaboration. Equally important, the successful clinical use of enzalutamide proves the notion that the second-generation AR antagonists can serve as hormonal therapeutics for three forms of advanced prostate cancer. This has been further verified by the recent FDA approval of the other two second-generation AR antagonists, apalutamide and darolutamide, for the treatment of prostate cancer. This review focuses on the rational design and discovery of these three second-generation AR antagonists, and then highlights their syntheses, clinical studies, and use. Strategies to overcome the resistance to the second-generation AR antagonists are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hubert Muchalski
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA; (P.R.); (A.R.); (K.M.); (N.O.)
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA; (P.R.); (A.R.); (K.M.); (N.O.)
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Groenland SL, van Nuland M, Verheijen RB, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, Huitema ADR, Steeghs N. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Oral Anti-Hormonal Drugs in Oncology. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:299-308. [PMID: 29862467 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral anti-hormonal drugs are essential in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. It is well known that the interpatient variability in pharmacokinetic exposure is high for these agents and exposure-response relationships exist for many oral anti-hormonal drugs. Yet, they are still administered at fixed doses. This could lead to underdosing and thus suboptimal efficacy in some patients, while other patients could be overdosed resulting in unnecessary side effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), individualized dosing based on measured blood concentrations of the drug, could therefore be a valid option to further optimize treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of relevant clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of oral anti-hormonal drugs in oncology and translate these into practical guidelines for TDM. For some agents, TDM targets are not well established yet and as a reference the median pharmacokinetic exposure could be targeted (exemestane: minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) 4.1 ng/mL and enzalutamide: Cmin 11.4 mg/L). However, for most drugs, exposure-efficacy analyses could be translated into specific targets (abiraterone: Cmin 8.4 ng/mL, anastrozole: Cmin 34.2 ng/mL, and letrozole: Cmin 85.6 ng/mL). Moreover, prospective clinical trials have shown TDM to be feasible for tamoxifen, for which the exposure-efficacy threshold of its active metabolite endoxifen is 5.97 ng/mL. Based on the available data, we therefore conclude that individualized dosing based on drug concentrations is feasible and promising for oral anti-hormonal drugs and should be developed further and implemented into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Groenland
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Merel van Nuland
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remy B Verheijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Clinical Theragnostic Potential of Diverse miRNA Expressions in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051199. [PMID: 32397507 PMCID: PMC7281275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PrC) is the second-most frequent cancer in men, its incidence is emerging globally and is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. While diagnosis and prognosis of PrC have been studied well, the associated therapeutic biomarkers have not yet been investigated comprehensively. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the theragnostic effects of microRNA expressions on chemoresistance in prostate cancer and to analyse the utility of miRNAs as clinical theragnostic biomarkers. Methods: A systematic literature search for studies reporting miRNA expressions and their role in chemoresistance in PrC published until 2018 was collected from bibliographic databases. The evaluation of data was performed as per PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Heterogeneity between studies was analysed using Cochran’s Q test, I2 and the Tau statistic. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for the methodological assessment of cohort studies. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s bias indicator test, Orwin and classic fail-safe N test, Begg and Mazumdar rank collection test, and Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill methods. Findings: Out of 2909 studies retrieved, 79 studies were shortlisted and reviewed. A total of 17 studies met our eligibility criteria, from which 779 PrC patients and 17 chemotherapy drugs were examined, including docetaxel and paclitaxel. The majority of the drug regulatory genes reported were involved in cell survival, angiogenesis and cell proliferation pathways. We studied 42 miRNAs across all studies, out of which two miRNAs were found to be influencing chemosensitivity, while 21 were involved in chemoresistance. However, the remaining 19 miRNAs did not appear to have any theragnostic effects. Besides, the prognostic impact of the miRNAs was evaluated and had a pooled HR value of 1.960 with 95% CI (1.377–2.791). Interpretation: The observation of the current study depicts the significance of miRNA expression as a theragnostic biomarker in medical oncology. This review suggests the involvement of specific miRNAs as predictors of chemoresistance and sensitivity in PrC. Hence, the current systematic review and meta-analysis provide insight on the use of miRNA as PrC biomarkers, which can be harnessed as molecular candidates for therapeutic targeting.
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Mammatas LH, Venema CM, Schröder CP, de Vet HCW, van Kruchten M, Glaudemans AWJM, Yaqub MM, Verheul HMW, Boven E, van der Vegt B, de Vries EFJ, de Vries EGE, Hoekstra OS, Hospers GAP, der Houven van Oordt CWMV. Visual and quantitative evaluation of [ 18F]FES and [ 18F]FDHT PET in patients with metastatic breast cancer: an interobserver variability study. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:40. [PMID: 32307594 PMCID: PMC7167394 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Correct identification of tumour receptor status is important for treatment decisions in breast cancer. [18F]FES PET and [18F]FDHT PET allow non-invasive assessment of the oestrogen (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) status of individual lesions within a patient. Despite standardised analysis techniques, interobserver variability can significantly affect the interpretation of PET results and thus clinical applicability. The purpose of this study was to determine visual and quantitative interobserver variability of [18F]FES PET and [18F]FDHT PET interpretation in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods In this prospective, two-centre study, patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer underwent both [18F]FES and [18F]FDHT PET/CT. In total, 120 lesions were identified in 10 patients with either conventional imaging (bone scan or lesions > 1 cm on high-resolution CT, n = 69) or only with [18F]FES and [18F]FDHT PET (n = 51). All lesions were scored visually and quantitatively by two independent observers. A visually PET-positive lesion was defined as uptake above background. For quantification, we used standardised uptake values (SUV): SUVmax, SUVpeak and SUVmean. Results Visual analysis showed an absolute positive and negative interobserver agreement for [18F]FES PET of 84% and 83%, respectively (kappa = 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.87), and 49% and 74% for [18F]FDHT PET, respectively (kappa = 0.23, 95% CI − 0.04–0.49). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for quantification of SUVmax, SUVpeak and SUVmean were 0.98 (95% CI 0.96–0.98), 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.98) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.92) for [18F]FES, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.66–0.85), 0.76 (95% CI 0.63–0.84) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.62–0.84) for [18F]FDHT, respectively. Conclusion Visual and quantitative evaluation of [18F]FES PET showed high interobserver agreement. These results support the use of [18F]FES PET in clinical practice. In contrast, visual agreement for [18F]FDHT PET was relatively low due to low tumour-background ratios, but quantitative agreement was good. This underscores the relevance of quantitative analysis of [18F]FDHT PET in breast cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01988324. Registered 20 November 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01988324?term=FDHT+PET&draw=1&rank=2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonitsa H Mammatas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clasina M Venema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina P Schröder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrica C W de Vet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081, HV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Kruchten
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood M Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Epie Boven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, DHanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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He L, Fang H, Chen C, Wu Y, Wang Y, Ge H, Wang L, Wan Y, He H. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Academic insights and perspectives through bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19760. [PMID: 32282738 PMCID: PMC7220391 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) and studies related to MCRPC have drawn global attention. The main objective of this bibliometric study was to provide an overview of MCRPC, explore clusters and trends in research and investigate the future direction of MCRPC research. METHODS A total of 4089 publications published between 1979 and 2018 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Different aspects of MCRPC research, including the countries/territories, institutions, journals, authors, research areas, funding agencies and author keywords, were analyzed. RESULTS The number of annual MCRPC publications increased rapidly after 2010. American researchers played a vital role in this increase, as they published the most publications. The most productive institution was Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. De Bono, JS (the United Kingdom [UK]) and Scher, HI (the United States of America [USA]) were the two most productive authors. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded the largest number of published papers. Analyses of keywords suggested that therapies (abiraterone, enzalutamide, etc.) would attract global attention after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. CONCLUSIONS Developed countries, especially the USA, were the leading nations for MCRPC research because of their abundant funding and frequent international collaborations. Therapy was one of the most vital aspects of MCRPC research. Therapies targeting DNA repair or the androgen receptor (AR) signing pathway and new therapies especially prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radioligand therapy (RLT) would be the next focus of MCRPC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugeng He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006
| | - Hui Fang
- Institute of Information Resource
- Library, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Institute of Information Resource
- Library, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014
| | - Yuyong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006
| | - Hongwei Ge
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yuehua Wan
- Institute of Information Resource
- Library, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014
| | - Huadong He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006
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Joulia ML, Carton E, Jouinot A, Allard M, Huillard O, Khoudour N, Peyromaure M, Zerbib M, Schoemann AT, Vidal M, Goldwasser F, Alexandre J, Blanchet B. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Enzalutamide and Its Active Metabolite N-Desmethyl Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2020; 18:155-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Signore A, Lauri C, Auletta S, Varani M, Onofrio L, Glaudemans AWJM, Panzuto F, Marchetti P. Radiopharmaceuticals for Breast Cancer and Neuroendocrine Tumors: Two Examples of How Tissue Characterization May Influence the Choice of Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040781. [PMID: 32218303 PMCID: PMC7226069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular medicine has gained clinical relevance for the detection and staging of oncological diseases, to guide therapy decision making and for therapy follow-up due to the availability of new highly sensitive hybrid imaging camera systems and the development of new tailored radiopharmaceuticals that target specific molecules. The knowledge of the expression of different receptors on the primary tumor and on metastases is important for both therapeutic and prognostic purposes and several approaches are available aiming to achieve personalized medicine in different oncological diseases. In this review, we describe the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals to image and predict therapy response in breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors since they represent a paradigmatic example of the importance of tumoral characterization of hormonal receptors in order to plan a tailored treatment. The most attractive radiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer are 16α-[18F]-fluoro-17β-estradiol for PET assessment of the estrogen expression, radiolabeled monoclonal antibody trastuzumab to image the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, but also the imaging of androgen receptors with [18F]-fluorodihydrotestosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Lauri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sveva Auletta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Michela Varani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
| | - Livia Onofrio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.A.); (M.V.); (L.O.)
| | - Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Francesco Panzuto
- Digestive Disease Unit, AOU Sant’Andrea and ENETS Center of Excellence, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, and IDI-IRCCS, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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The JNK inhibitor AS602801 Synergizes with Enzalutamide to Kill Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo and Inhibit Androgen Receptor Expression. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100751. [PMID: 32199273 PMCID: PMC7082632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we observed that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may induce a compensatory increase in MAPK or JNK signaling. Here, we tested the effects of the MEK inhibitors PD0325901 and GSK1120212, ERK1/2 inhibitor GDC-0994, and the JNK inhibitor AS602801 alone and in combination with the AR inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ) in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells and androgen-resistant C4-2 and 22Rv1 cells. Enzalutamide combined with AS602801 synergistically killed LNCaP, C4-2, and 22Rv1 cells, and decreased migration and invasion of LNCaP and C4-2 cells. We studied the combination of enzalutamide with AS602801 in vivo using luciferase labeled LNCaP xenografts, and observed that combination of ENZ with AS602801 significantly suppressed tumor growth compared with either drug alone. Importantly, combination therapy resulted in dramatic loss of AR mRNA and protein. Surprisingly, mechanistic studies and Nanostring data suggest that AS602801 likely activates JNK signaling to induce apoptosis. Since AS602801 had sufficient safety and toxicity profile to advance from Phase I to Phase II in clinical trials, repurposing of this compound may represent an opportunity for rapid translation for clinical therapy of CRPC patients.
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Jiang W, Chen J, Gong C, Wang Y, Gao Y, Yuan Y. Intravenous delivery of enzalutamide based on high drug loading multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticles for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:50. [PMID: 32188463 PMCID: PMC7079409 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzalutamide (Enz) has shown limited bioavailability via oral administration. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is frequent among patients receiving 18-24 months of androgen deprivation therapy. The nonsteroidal anti-androgen enzalutamide (Enz) used in the treatment of prostate cancer has shown limited bioavailability via oral administration. Therefore, we developed a multifunctional enzalutamide-loaded graphene oxide nanosystem (TP-GQDss/Enz) for CRPC intravenous treatment, with high drug loading efficiency. METHODS Aminated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were first cross-linked via disulfide bonds into a graphene quantum dot derivative of approximately 200 nm (GQDss), which was further functionalized with a tumour-targeting peptide and PEG to form TP-GQDss. Enz was loaded into TP-GQDss for in vitro and in vivo study. RESULTS The results showed that high drug-loading efficiency was achieved by TP-GQDss via π-π electron interaction. TP-GQDss could be rapidly internalized by CRPC cells via endocytosis. Moreover, Enz in TP-GQDss could inhibit the growth of C4-2B and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Further, TP-GQDss exhibited an enhanced cancer-targeting ability and alleviated the side effects of Enz in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional nanocarrier constructed here could accomplish controlled Enz release and serve as an intravenous therapy platform for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Nakasato T, Kusaka C, Ota M, Hasebe Y, Ueda K, Unoki T, Oshinomi K, Morita J, Maeda Y, Shichijo T, Naoe M, Ogawa Y. A Novel, Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment Method Reduces ARv7 False Positivity in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10030151. [PMID: 32168745 PMCID: PMC7151149 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AR-V7 splice variant is a cause of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, testing for the presence of AR-V7 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) shows AR-V7 positivity in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the positivity reflects contamination by hematopoietic cells. We tried a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment instrument, using Celsee, to clear hematopoietic cells. METHODS We tested whole blood or Celsee-enriched samples for AR-V7 by RT-PCR, and included samples from 41 CRPC patients undergoing sequential therapy. We evaluated the associations between AR-V7 status and clinical factors. We evaluated factors affecting AR-V7 positivity. RESULTS AR-V7 positivity was lower in Celsee-enriched than in whole blood specimens. AR-V7 and clinical factors did not predict the therapy effectiveness. We found no significant differences in the effectiveness of enzalutamide/abiraterone (Enz/Abi) upon AR-V7 evaluation. All AR-V7 positive patients had resistance to Enz/Abi. Docetaxel (DTX), cabazitaxel (CBZ), and Radium223 treatment showed no significant difference in the treatment effectiveness, regardless of AR-V7 presence. AR-V7 was more frequently positive than Extent of disease (EOD) 2 in cases with bone metastases. CONCLUSION Celsee CTC enrichment suppresses AR-V7 false positivity. All AR-V7 positive patients presented resistance to Enz/Abi. DTX, CBZ, and Radium223 were effective and remain treatment options. AR-V7 positivity should progressively appear in patients with advanced bone metastases.
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The impact of patient characteristics on enzalutamide pharmacokinetics and how this relates to treatment toxicity and efficacy in metastatic prostate cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:753-760. [PMID: 32076807 PMCID: PMC7125069 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of patient characteristics, age and body mass index (BMI), on pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide, and to study the relationships between drug exposure and enzalutamide efficacy and toxicity, in mCRPC patients. Methods Data were collected in a longitudinal cohort study (ANDROPS) and a prospective observational study (ILUMINATE), both in mCRPC patients treated with enzalutamide. To investigate the influence of age and BMI on exposure, enzalutamide and N-desmethylenzalutamide levels were compared by ANOVA. To investigate the relation of exposure versus time to progression (TTP), the sum plasma levels were divided into quartiles and compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis. To assess the relation of exposure with fatigue, plasma levels in patients experiencing fatigue vs. no fatigue were compared by and independent t test. Results Data of 68 mCRPC patients were included for analysis. Plasma levels were not different for age or BMI. No difference in TTP between both studies was observed (383 days (95% CI 287–859), and 567 days (95% CI 351–NR), p = 0.36). Kaplan–Meier analysis of quartiles of sum levels showed no difference for TTP. Fatigue was reported by 22 patients, no difference in sum plasma levels was observed between patients with and without fatigue. Conclusions We observed that age and BMI did not influence systemic exposure in patients treated with enzalutamide. No relation of exposure with efficacy or fatigue was observed. Further research using enzalutamide at a lower dose is needed to understand the relation of enzalutamide exposure and fatigue.
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Enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide: are apples or bananas best for patients? Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:335-336. [PMID: 31040439 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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145
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Understanding Failure and Improving Treatment Using HDAC Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020022. [PMID: 32019149 PMCID: PMC7168248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment regimens are required for castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) that become unresponsive to standard treatments, such as docetaxel and enzalutamide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors showed promising results in hematological malignancies, but they failed in solid tumors such as prostate cancer, despite the overexpression of HDACs in CRPC. Four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, pracinostat, panobinostat and romidepsin, underwent phase II clinical trials for prostate cancers; however, phase III trials were not recommended due to a majority of patients exhibiting either toxicity or disease progression. In this review, the pharmacodynamic reasons for the failure of HDAC inhibitors were assessed and placed in the context of the advancements in the understanding of CRPCs, HDACs and resistance mechanisms. The review focuses on three themes: evolution of androgen receptor-negative prostate cancers, development of resistance mechanisms and differential effects of HDACs. In conclusion, advancements can be made in this field by characterizing HDACs in prostate tumors more extensively, as this will allow more specific drugs catering to the specific HDAC subtypes to be designed.
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Neuwirt H, Bouchal J, Kharaishvili G, Ploner C, Jöhrer K, Pitterl F, Weber A, Klocker H, Eder IE. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote prostate tumor growth and progression through upregulation of cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:11. [PMID: 31980029 PMCID: PMC6979368 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen receptor targeted therapies have emerged as an effective tool to manage advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, frequent occurrence of therapy resistance represents a major challenge in the clinical management of patients, also because the molecular mechanisms behind therapy resistance are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we therefore aimed to identify novel targets to intervene with therapy resistance using gene expression analysis of PCa co-culture spheroids where PCa cells are grown in the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and which have been previously shown to be a reliable model for antiandrogen resistance. Methods Gene expression changes of co-culture spheroids (LNCaP and DuCaP seeded together with CAFs) were identified by Illumina microarray profiling. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and cell viability assays in 2D and 3D culture were performed to validate the expression of selected targets in vitro and in vivo. Cytokine profiling was conducted to analyze CAF-conditioned medium. Results Gene expression analysis of co-culture spheroids revealed that CAFs induced a significant upregulation of cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis pathways in PCa cells. Cytokine profiling revealed high amounts of pro-inflammatory, pro-migratory and pro-angiogenic factors in the CAF supernatant. In particular, two genes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2 (HMGCS2) and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), were significantly upregulated in PCa cells upon co-culture with CAFs. Both enzymes were also significantly increased in human PCa compared to benign tissue with AKR1C3 expression even being associated with Gleason score and metastatic status. Inhibiting HMGCS2 and AKR1C3 resulted in significant growth retardation of co-culture spheroids as well as of various castration and enzalutamide resistant cell lines in 2D and 3D culture, underscoring their putative role in PCa. Importantly, dual targeting of cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis with simvastatin, a commonly prescribed cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, and an inhibitor against AKR1C3 had the strongest growth inhibitory effect. Conclusions From our results we conclude that CAFs induce an upregulation of cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis in PCa cells, driving them into AR targeted therapy resistance. Blocking both pathways with simvastatin and an AKR1C3 inhibitor may therefore be a promising approach to overcome resistances to AR targeted therapies in PCa. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Neuwirt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gvantsa Kharaishvili
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Ploner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Jöhrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Pitterl
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Weber
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris E Eder
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Tiwari R, Manzar N, Bhatia V, Yadav A, Nengroo MA, Datta D, Carskadon S, Gupta N, Sigouros M, Khani F, Poutanen M, Zoubeidi A, Beltran H, Palanisamy N, Ateeq B. Androgen deprivation upregulates SPINK1 expression and potentiates cellular plasticity in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:384. [PMID: 31959826 PMCID: PMC6971084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of an aggressive androgen receptor (AR)-independent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) after androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is well-known. Nevertheless, the majority of advanced-stage prostate cancer patients, including those with SPINK1-positive subtype, are treated with AR-antagonists. Here, we show AR and its corepressor, REST, function as transcriptional-repressors of SPINK1, and AR-antagonists alleviate this repression leading to SPINK1 upregulation. Increased SOX2 expression during NE-transdifferentiation transactivates SPINK1, a critical-player for maintenance of NE-phenotype. SPINK1 elicits epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, stemness and cellular-plasticity. Conversely, pharmacological Casein Kinase-1 inhibition stabilizes REST, which in cooperation with AR causes SPINK1 transcriptional-repression and impedes SPINK1-mediated oncogenesis. Elevated levels of SPINK1 and NEPC markers are observed in the tumors of AR-antagonists treated mice, and in a subset of NEPC patients, implicating a plausible role of SPINK1 in treatment-related NEPC. Collectively, our findings provide an explanation for the paradoxical clinical-outcomes after ADT, possibly due to SPINK1 upregulation, and offers a strategy for adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Tiwari
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Nishat Manzar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Vipul Bhatia
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Mushtaq A Nengroo
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
| | - Shannon Carskadon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Nilesh Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Francesca Khani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India.
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McHugh DJ, Chudow J, DeNunzio M, Slovin SF, Danila DC, Morris MJ, Scher HI, Rathkopf DE. A Phase I Trial of IGF-1R Inhibitor Cixutumumab and mTOR Inhibitor Temsirolimus in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2020; 18:171-178.e2. [PMID: 32057715 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite frequent PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) loss and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in prostate cancer, the disease is insensitive to single-agent mTOR inhibition. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibition might mitigate the feedback inhibition by Torc1 inhibitors, suppressing downstream Akt activation and, thus, potentiating the antitumor activity of mTOR inhibition. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present phase I study, patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer received 6 mg/kg cixutumumab and 25 mg temsirolimus intravenously each week. The primary objective was safety and tolerability. Temsirolimus was decreased if ≥ 2 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in 6 patients. The correlative analyses included measurement of circulating tumor cells, [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, 16β-[18F]-fluoro-α-dihydrotestosterone positron emission tomography, and tumor biopsy. RESULTS A total of 16 patients were enrolled across 3 cohorts (1, -1, -2). Two DLTs (grade 3 oral mucositis) were observed in cohort 1 (temsirolimus, 25 mg), and 1 DLT (grade 3 lipase) in cohort -1 (temsirolimus, 20 mg). The most common adverse events included hyperglycemia (100%; 31% grade 3), oral mucositis (63%; 19% grade 3), and diarrhea (44%; 0 grade 3). Low-grade pneumonitis occurred in 7 of 11 patients (44%; 0 grade 3), prompting the opening of a 3-weekly cohort (temsirolimus, 20 mg/kg), without pneumonitis events. No patient had a >50% decline in prostate-specific antigen from baseline. The best radiographic response was stable disease, with median study duration of 22 weeks (range, 7-63 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Despite a strong scientific rationale for the combination, temsirolimus plus cixutumumab demonstrated limited antitumor activity and a greater than expected incidence of toxicity, including low-grade pneumonitis and hyperglycemia. Hence, the trial was stopped in favor of alternative androgen receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-directed combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deaglan J McHugh
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jay Chudow
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mia DeNunzio
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Daniel C Danila
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Morris
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Dana E Rathkopf
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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149
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Anti-androgen hormonal therapy for cancer and other diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 866:172783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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150
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Chen M, Yang Y, Xu K, Li L, Huang J, Qiu F. Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:573. [PMID: 32982970 PMCID: PMC7492540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Androgen receptor (AR) is frequently expressed in diverse BC subtypes. Accumulating evidence has revealed that AR might be a predictive or prognostic factor and a drug target in BC. AR expression and AR pathways differ in various BC subtypes, thereby resulting in controversial inferences on the predictive and prognostic value of AR. Herein, we summarized the roles of AR in different BC subtypes and AR-targeting therapies based on preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we highlighted the possible efficacy of a combination therapy via exploiting the AR-related mechanisms and the research on therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunben Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuming Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuming Qiu
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