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Barmania S, Reiss MJ. Health promotion perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic: The importance of religion. Glob Health Promot 2021; 28:15-22. [PMID: 33228465 PMCID: PMC8072799 DOI: 10.1177/1757975920972992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this article we examine the importance of religion for COVID-19 health promotion. We advance three main arguments. First, religion plays an important role in affecting how likely it is that people will become infected with COVID-19. Second, religion should not be seen as a 'problem' with regards to COVID-19 but as an important part of the worldview and lifestyle of many people. Third, there are valuable health promotion lessons we can learn not only from the intersection of religion and other infectious diseases, but also from approaches taken within science education. Contentious science topics such as evolution and vaccine hesitancy have been effectively communicated to those with a religious faith who are disposed to reject them by reframing and considering religion as a worldview and treating those who do not accept standard scientific theories sensitively. Religion has much to contribute to health promotion, including introducing perspectives on life's meaning and on death that can differ from those held by many without religious faith. Furthermore, religious leaders are important gatekeepers to their communities and can therefore play a vital role in policy implementation, even when that policy makes no overt reference to religion. Our contention is that by working with those of faith in the context of COVID-19, health promotion can be enhanced.
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102
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Supporting community participation in a pandemic. GACETA SANITARIA 2021; 36:184-187. [PMID: 33589295 PMCID: PMC8936666 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The invariable governmental approach to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been to effect the White Knight stance of Don Quixote, defending the population from the “Virus Dragon” and dedicating its knight-errantry to the damsel Dulcinea. Though essential, new therapeutics, vaccines, physical distancing, rigorous hygiene standards and efficient health systems are not sufficient to counter the effects of the virus. Individual compliance to public health guidelines also matters, while remaining similarly insufficient to diminish the threat. Earthier, citizen-led, community participation strategies, however, lead to innovative, tailored solutions that better fulfil the needs of diverse neighbourhoods and assures greater virus resistance and increase in population health compared to a top-down, knightly approach or isolated individual efforts. The challenge of COVID-19 offers communities a moment to build more resilient, antifragile communities that not only survive the current crisis, but that thrive after it, and that are better equipped for the next challenge. This is not the time for the singular heroics of the White Knight, or the antics of Don Quixote, tilting at windmills. It is the time of Sancho Panza, which is to say of regular non-credentialed citizens, and their collective efforts, who up to now have largely been considered pawns in this contest. Asset-based community development (ABCD) rejects both the individual as an island and the institutional, knightly emphasis on assessing needs and deficits within communities. It favours identifying and mobilising available and latent assets within a community to forge closer connections among all people, the better to collectivise problem-solving efforts. Community-driven initiatives are assisted in this by localised not-for-profit agencies that practice subsidiarity.
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103
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Mallon A, Slater P, Hasson F, Casson K, McIlfatrick S. What do young adults know about palliative care? A cross-sectional survey. Public Health 2021; 191:78-84. [PMID: 33545498 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A public health approach to palliative care that reorientates care towards the public is advocated in global policy. The public are drivers in identifying care priorities and partners in finding solutions to care issues; however, a necessary prerequisite is that the public knows what palliative care is and what it can achieve. The aim of this study was to investigate what young adults, an important cohort of the public, know about palliative care and identify key predictors of knowledge. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional online survey. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey measured knowledge of palliative care using the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS), with young adults (aged 18-29 years) recruited from a university in the UK. Data relating to demographic characteristics and familiarity and experience of palliative care were collected, with descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses undertaken to determine respondents' knowledge levels and key predictors. RESULTS In total, 83% (n = 710) of respondents (n = 859) had heard of the term palliative care. The mean score on the PaCKS was 8.87 (standard deviation = 3.4, range = 0-13); men had lower levels of knowledge (P = 0.016). Most respondents were aware that palliative care is not specifically for those with cancer or exclusively for older populations. They were unsure of timing and other key aspects reporting significant levels of 'I don't 'know' responses. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that familiarity and experience of palliative care moderated demographic influences (age, gender, education level) on knowledge (β = 0.45, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that despite high levels of awareness and familiarity with the term, significant numbers of respondents indicated a lack of knowledge of palliative care rather than inaccurate knowledge. This suggests the need for public health organisations to partner with palliative care sectors to develop and disseminate clear unequivocal messaging relating to the breadth of palliative care that both informs and engages young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mallon
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Irsland, UK.
| | - P Slater
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Irsland, UK
| | - F Hasson
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Irsland, UK
| | - K Casson
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Irsland, UK
| | - S McIlfatrick
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Irsland, UK
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104
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Panigrahi SK, Majumdar S, Galhotra A, Kadle SC, John AS. Community Based Management of COVID-19 as a Way Forward for Pandemic Response. Front Public Health 2021; 8:589772. [PMID: 33520913 PMCID: PMC7838456 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.589772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Sagarika Majumdar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | | | - Ashis Samuel John
- Regional Technical Research Centre for Health Technology Assessment, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Liu S, Heinzel S, Haucke MN, Heinz A. Increased Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Unemployment in the Spread of COVID-19 over 6 Months in Germany. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:53. [PMID: 33435368 PMCID: PMC7827929 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to global mental health. Loneliness and isolation may put people at higher risk for increased psychological distress. However, there is a lack of research investigating the development of COVID-19-related distress over time. Materials and Methods: We undertook an online survey among general population (N = 1903) in Germany throughout 6 months from the peak transmission period in April to the off-peak period by September 2020. Results: We found that the average prevalence of psychological distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly rose from 24% to 66% between the peak and off-peak transmission period, respectively. Unemployment rate and loneliness increased negative mental health outcomes, although the number of active COVID-19 cases decreased from April to September. Psychological distress scores increased mostly in female, young, and lonely people. Conclusions: Our results underline the importance of considering innovative alternatives to facilitate employment opportunities, distant contacts, and self-help over the course of the pandemic. Our study highlights the urgent need to pay attention to mental health services specifically targeting female, young, unemployed, and lonely people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.N.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Matthias N. Haucke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.N.H.); (A.H.)
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.N.H.); (A.H.)
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Palafox B, Renedo A, Lasco G, Palileo‐Villanueva L, Balabanova D, McKee M. Maintaining population health in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Why we should be investing in Community Health Workers. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:20-22. [PMID: 32985024 PMCID: PMC7537160 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Community health workers in low- and middle-income country primary health care systems are well suited to perform essential functions on the frontlines of Covid-19 pandemic responses. However, clear and coordinated guidance, updated infection control training, and reliable access to personal protective equipment must be ensured in order to deploy them safely and effectively. With these additional responsibilities, community health workers must also be supported to ensure that hard-fought gains in population health, including progress on non-communicable diseases, are sustained throughout the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Palafox
- Faculty of Public Health & PolicyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Alicia Renedo
- Faculty of Public Health & PolicyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Gideon Lasco
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines
| | | | - Dina Balabanova
- Department of Global Health & DevelopmentLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Martin McKee
- Faculty of Public Health & PolicyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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107
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Bitterman A, Hess DB. After/Lives: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic for Gay Neighborhoods. THE LIFE AND AFTERLIFE OF GAY NEIGHBORHOODS 2021. [PMCID: PMC7978661 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Beginning in 2020, COVID-19 produced shock-shifts that were felt across the globe, not least at the level of the local neighborhood. Some of these shifts have called into question the role of physical places for face-to-face gatherings, including those used by LGBTQ+ people. Such open questions are a key concern for a book on gayborhoods, so this chapter engages in three analytic tasks to provide preliminary reflections on how pandemics problematize places. While acknowledging a range of threats and challenges that the pandemic poses to the future of LGBTQ+ spaces, this chapter focuses on the potential opportunities and unexpected benefits that COVID-19 can create, running counter to more pessimistic predictions that abound in popular discourse. First, the chapter contextualizes how the COVID-19 pandemic is reminiscent of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, allowing the gayborhood to be well-equipped to respond with grassroots activism, particularly in the face of government inaction or apathy. Second, the chapter explores trends that can ensure the future vitality of LGBTQ+ spaces, including (i) the potential of mutual aid networks, (ii) the power of institutional anchors in LGBTQ+ placemaking efforts, (iii) urban changes related to homesteading and population shifts, (iv) innovations in the interior design of physical spaces, and (v) opportunities to enhance social connections through augmented virtual engagements. Far from signaling the death knell of LGBTQ+ spaces, these trends demonstrate the enduring appeal provided by neighborhoods and communities. Third, the cognitive schemas of lockdowns, re-closeting, and digitalscapes are identified as unique expressions of the shifting spatialities of sexuality in post-pandemic urban space. The chapter concludes by arguing that place will still matter for LGBTQ+ people in a post-COVID-19 era, albeit with altered meanings and material expressions. The socio-spatial consequences of the novel coronavirus will be a confluence of positive and negative developments, and while some will be reversed as soon as an effective vaccine is found, others will linger indelibly in bodies and the built environment for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bitterman
- Department of Architecture and Design, Alfred State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Baldwin Hess
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
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108
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Colbourn T, Waites W, Manheim D, Foster D, Sturniolo S, Sculpher M, Kerr CC, Colbourn G, Bowie C, Godfrey KM, Peto J, Burgess RA, McCoy D, Alwan NA, Yao G, Ouyang K, Roderick PJ, Pizzo E, Hill T, McGrath N, Orcutt M, Evans O, Cheetham NJ, Bonell C, Gomes M, Panovska-Griffiths J, Raine R. Modelling the health and economic impacts of different testing and tracing strategies for COVID-19 in the UK. F1000Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27980.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is resurgent in the UK and health and economic costs of the epidemic continue to rise. There is a need to understand the health and economic costs of different courses of action. Methods: We combine modelling, economic analysis and a user-friendly interface to contrast the impact and costs of different testing strategies: two levels of testing within the current test-trace-isolate (TTI) strategy (testing symptomatic people, tracing and isolating everyone) and a strategy where TTI is combined with universal testing (UT; i.e. additional population testing to identify asymptomatic cases). We also model effective coverage of face masks. Results: Increased testing is necessary to suppress the virus after lockdown. Partial reopening accompanied by scaled-up TTI (at 50% test and trace levels), full isolation and moderately effective coverage of masks (30% reduction in overall transmission) can reduce the current resurgence of the virus and protect the economy in the UK. Additional UT from December 2020 reduces the epidemic dramatically by Jan 2021 when combined with enhanced TTI (70% test-trace levels) and full isolation. UT could then be stopped; continued TTI would prevent rapid recurrence. This TTI+UT combination can suppress the virus further to save ~20,000 more lives and avoid ~£90bn economic losses, though costs ~£8bn more to deliver. We assume that all traced and lab-confirmed cases are isolated. The flexible interface we have developed allows exploration of additional scenarios, including different levels of reopening of society after the second lockdown in England as well as different levels of effective mask coverage. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased TTI is necessary to suppress the virus and protect the economy after the second lockdown in England. Additional UT from December 2020 reduces the epidemic dramatically by Jan 2021 and could then be stopped, as continued TTI would prevent rapid recurrence.
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109
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Bethell J, Aelick K, Babineau J, Bretzlaff M, Edwards C, Gibson JL, Hewitt Colborne D, Iaboni A, Lender D, Schon D, McGilton KS. Social Connection in Long-Term Care Homes: A Scoping Review of Published Research on the Mental Health Impacts and Potential Strategies During COVID-19. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:228-237.e25. [PMID: 33347846 PMCID: PMC9186333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Good social connection is associated with better health and wellbeing. However, social connection has distinct considerations for people living in long-term care (LTC) homes. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize research literature linking social connection to mental health outcomes, specifically among LTC residents, as well as research to identify strategies to help build and maintain social connection in this population during COVID-19. Design Scoping review. Settings and Participants Residents of LTC homes, care homes, and nursing homes. Methods We searched MEDLINE(R) ALL (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus, Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), Embase and Embase Classic (Ovid), Emcare Nursing (Ovid), and AgeLine (EBSCO) for research that quantified an aspect of social connection among LTC residents; we limited searches to English-language articles published from database inception to search date (July 2019). For the current analysis, we included studies that reported (1) the association between social connection and a mental health outcome, (2) the association between a modifiable risk factor and social connection, or (3) intervention studies with social connection as an outcome. From studies in (2) and (3), we identified strategies that could be implemented and adapted by LTC residents, families and staff during COVID-19 and included the articles that informed these strategies. Results We included 133 studies in our review. We found 61 studies that tested the association between social connection and a mental health outcome. We highlighted 12 strategies, informed by 72 observational and intervention studies, that might help LTC residents, families, and staff build and maintain social connection for LTC residents. Conclusions and Implications Published research conducted among LTC residents has linked good social connection to better mental health outcomes. Observational and intervention studies provide some evidence on approaches to address social connection in this population. Although further research is needed, it does not obviate the need to act given the sudden and severe impact of COVID-19 on social connection in LTC residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bethell
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Katelynn Aelick
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, Canada
| | - Jessica Babineau
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; The Institute for Education Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Bretzlaff
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, Canada
| | | | | | - Debbie Hewitt Colborne
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, Canada
| | - Andrea Iaboni
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dee Lender
- Ontario Association of Residents' Councils, Newmarket, Canada
| | - Denise Schon
- Lakeside Long-Term Care Centre Family Council, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine S McGilton
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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110
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Maeseneer JD, Fisher J, Iwu E, Pálsdóttir B, Perez KL, Rajatanavin R, Schweiger WK, Talib Z. Learning from the Global Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interprofessional Perspective on Health Professions Education. NAM Perspect 2020; 2020:202011b. [PMID: 35291741 PMCID: PMC8916815 DOI: 10.31478/202011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Fisher
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University
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111
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Kadandale S, Marten R, Dalglish SL, Rajan D, Hipgrave DB. Primary health care and the climate crisis. Bull World Health Organ 2020; 98:818-820. [PMID: 33177781 PMCID: PMC7607470 DOI: 10.2471/blt.20.252882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Kadandale
- United Nations Children’s Fund, World Trade Centre 2 (22nd Floor), Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Kav. 29-31, Jakarta 12920, Indonesia
| | - Robert Marten
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah L Dalglish
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America (USA)
| | - Dheepa Rajan
- Department for Health Systems Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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112
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Gilmore B, Ndejjo R, Tchetchia A, de Claro V, Mago E, Diallo AA, Lopes C, Bhattacharyya S. Community engagement for COVID-19 prevention and control: a rapid evidence synthesis. BMJ Glob Health 2020. [PMID: 33051285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh‐2020‐003188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community engagement has been considered a fundamental component of past outbreaks, such as Ebola. However, there is concern over the lack of involvement of communities and 'bottom-up' approaches used within COVID-19 responses thus far. Identifying how community engagement approaches have been used in past epidemics may support more robust implementation within the COVID-19 response. METHODOLOGY A rapid evidence review was conducted to identify how community engagement is used for infectious disease prevention and control during epidemics. Three databases were searched in addition to extensive snowballing for grey literature. Previous epidemics were limited to Ebola, Zika, SARS, Middle East respiratory syndromeand H1N1 since 2000. No restrictions were applied to study design or language. RESULTS From 1112 references identified, 32 articles met our inclusion criteria, which detail 37 initiatives. Six main community engagement actors were identified: local leaders, community and faith-based organisations, community groups, health facility committees, individuals and key stakeholders. These worked on different functions: designing and planning, community entry and trust building, social and behaviour change communication, risk communication, surveillance and tracing, and logistics and administration. CONCLUSION COVID-19's global presence and social transmission pathways require social and community responses. This may be particularly important to reach marginalised populations and to support equity-informed responses. Aligning previous community engagement experience with current COVID-19 community-based strategy recommendations highlights how communities can play important and active roles in prevention and control. Countries worldwide are encouraged to assess existing community engagement structures and use community engagement approaches to support contextually specific, acceptable and appropriate COVID-19 prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynne Gilmore
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adalbert Tchetchia
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Elizabeth Mago
- Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpha A Diallo
- République de Guinée Ministère de Santé, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Claudia Lopes
- United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanghita Bhattacharyya
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, India.,Community Health-Community of Practice Collectivity, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Headquarters, New York City, New York, USA
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113
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Gilmore B, Ndejjo R, Tchetchia A, de Claro V, Mago E, Diallo AA, Lopes C, Bhattacharyya S. Community engagement for COVID-19 prevention and control: a rapid evidence synthesis. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e003188. [PMID: 33051285 PMCID: PMC7554411 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community engagement has been considered a fundamental component of past outbreaks, such as Ebola. However, there is concern over the lack of involvement of communities and 'bottom-up' approaches used within COVID-19 responses thus far. Identifying how community engagement approaches have been used in past epidemics may support more robust implementation within the COVID-19 response. METHODOLOGY A rapid evidence review was conducted to identify how community engagement is used for infectious disease prevention and control during epidemics. Three databases were searched in addition to extensive snowballing for grey literature. Previous epidemics were limited to Ebola, Zika, SARS, Middle East respiratory syndromeand H1N1 since 2000. No restrictions were applied to study design or language. RESULTS From 1112 references identified, 32 articles met our inclusion criteria, which detail 37 initiatives. Six main community engagement actors were identified: local leaders, community and faith-based organisations, community groups, health facility committees, individuals and key stakeholders. These worked on different functions: designing and planning, community entry and trust building, social and behaviour change communication, risk communication, surveillance and tracing, and logistics and administration. CONCLUSION COVID-19's global presence and social transmission pathways require social and community responses. This may be particularly important to reach marginalised populations and to support equity-informed responses. Aligning previous community engagement experience with current COVID-19 community-based strategy recommendations highlights how communities can play important and active roles in prevention and control. Countries worldwide are encouraged to assess existing community engagement structures and use community engagement approaches to support contextually specific, acceptable and appropriate COVID-19 prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynne Gilmore
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adalbert Tchetchia
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Elizabeth Mago
- Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpha A Diallo
- République de Guinée Ministère de Santé, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Claudia Lopes
- United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanghita Bhattacharyya
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, India
- Community Health-Community of Practice Collectivity, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Headquarters, New York City, New York, USA
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114
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Kuang J, Ashraf S, Das U, Bicchieri C. Awareness, Risk Perception, and Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Communities of Tamil Nadu, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7177. [PMID: 33007992 PMCID: PMC7579253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to disproportionately impact residents of lower-middle income countries. Understanding the psychological impact of the pandemic is important to guide outreach interventions. In this study, we examined people's awareness of COVID-19 symptoms, risk perception, and changes in behaviors and stress levels during the lockdown in peri-urban Tamil Nadu India. Field workers conducted phone call surveys (included n = 2044) in 26 communities from 20-25 May 2020. The majority perceived no (60%) or low (23%) level of risk of personally contracting coronavirus. Common fears were related to health and economic concerns, including loss of income (62%), inability to travel freely (46%), and becoming sick (46%). Residents were well aware of the common symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever (66%) and dry cough (57%), but not the asymptomatic transmission (24%). The majority experienced increased stress about finance (79%) and the lockdown (51%). Our findings emphasize the need to develop context-adequate education and communication programs to raise vigilance about asymptomatic transmission and to sustain preventative behaviors. The evidence on fear and changes in stress levels could inform designing coping strategies and programs focused on mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Kuang
- Center for Social Norms and Behavioral Dynamics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Sania Ashraf
- Center for Social Norms and Behavioral Dynamics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Upasak Das
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PR, UK;
| | - Cristina Bicchieri
- Center for Social Norms and Behavioral Dynamics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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115
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Murphy E, Tierney E, Ní Shé É, Killilea M, Donaghey C, Daly A, Roche M, Mac Loughlin D, Dinneen S. COVID-19: Public and patient involvement, now more than ever. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:35. [PMID: 32666039 PMCID: PMC7327728 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13067.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The research community is responding with speed to the COVID-19 pandemic, with rapid response mechanisms to fund research, shortened application turnaround times, and expedited research ethics processes. Public and patient involvement (PPI) is under pressure in this rapid response research, where it is easy for researchers and funders to dismiss PPI as non-essential, an added extra, a "nice to have". In this open letter, we, researchers and PPI contributors, argue that PPI is important, now more than ever. The pandemic is impacting everyone in society, with normal rules of engagement discarded. The solution to overcoming this virus will come from many different sources and many changes will emerge to healthcare delivery and to how we live our lives. It is essential that the research to find solutions is shaped by all who will be impacted: the public and the patient must be central contributors and their voice must be hear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel Murphy
- PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Edel Tierney
- Public Advisory Panel, PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, (voluntary co-facilitator), Ireland
| | - Éidín Ní Shé
- UCD School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Casey Donaghey
- Public Advisory Panel, PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Daly
- Public Advisory Panel, PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Roche
- Public Advisory Panel, PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway Public Advisory Panel
- PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Public Advisory Panel, PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, (voluntary co-facilitator), Ireland
- UCD School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Public Advisory Panel, PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean Dinneen
- PPI Ignite @ NUI Galway, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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116
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Fiorillo D, Lavadera GL, Nappo N. Individual Heterogeneity in the Association Between Social Participation and Self-rated Health: A Panel Study on BHPS. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2020; 151:645-667. [PMID: 32836671 PMCID: PMC7266383 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last ten years, interest in social capital as a mechanism for understanding actual and perceived health has been increasing among economists. Although the pathways by which social participation, as a dimension of social capital, may have a positive effect on health seem clearly identified, empirical evidence is mixed because the lack of longitudinal data makes it difficult to deal with individual heterogeneity. Our study investigates the relationship between social participation (as measured by being a member, active, or both a member and active) in associations and self-rated health in a panel setting, using the first five waves of the British Household Panel Survey from 1991 to 1995 (unbalanced panel N = 45,745). To take into account heterogeneity, we implement three different kinds of estimations for fixed effects, two have been largely used in the literature and one method was recently proposed by Baetschmann et al. (J R Stat Soc Ser A 178: 685-703, 2015). We find positive effects but weak significance for active membership. When we control for reverse causality, using lagged independent variables and membership in specific organizations, we obtain more detailed and in some cases significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Fiorillo
- Univeristà di Napoli Univeristy of Naples Parhenope, Naples, Italy
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117
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Xafis V, Schaefer GO, Labude MK, Zhu Y, Hsu LY. The Perfect Moral Storm: Diverse Ethical Considerations in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Asian Bioeth Rev 2020; 12:65-83. [PMID: 32837550 PMCID: PMC7255635 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has both exposed and created deep rifts in society. It has thrust us into deep ethical thinking to help justify the difficult decisions many will be called upon to make and to protect from decisions that lack ethical underpinnings. This paper aims to highlight ethical issues in six different areas of life highlighting the enormity of the task we are faced with globally. In the context of COVID-19, we consider health inequity, dilemmas in triage and allocation of scarce resources, ethical issues associated with research, ethical considerations relating to tracing apps, and exit strategies such as immunity passports and COVID-19 vaccines. Finally, we consider environmental issues in light of COVID-19. The paper also offers some ethical reflection on these areas as many parts of the world contemplate the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Xafis
- SHAPES Initiative, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - G. Owen Schaefer
- SHAPES Initiative, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus K. Labude
- SHAPES Initiative, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yujia Zhu
- SHAPES Initiative, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Yan Hsu
- SHAPES Initiative, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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