101
|
Ikebukuro K, Kiyohara C, Sode K. Novel electrochemical sensor system for protein using the aptamers in sandwich manner. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2168-72. [PMID: 15741093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2004] [Revised: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel electrochemical detection system for protein in sandwich manner using the aptamers was developed. Two different aptamers, which recognize different positions of thrombin, were chosen to construct sandwich type sensing system for protein, and one was immobilized onto the gold electrode for capturing thrombin onto the electrode and the other was used for detection. To obtain the signal, the aptamer for detection was labeled with pyrroquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase ((PQQ)GDH), and the electrical current, generated from glucose addition after the formation of the complex of thrombin, gold immobilized aptamer and the (PQQ)GDH labeled aptamer on the electrode, was measured. The increase of the electric current generated by (PQQ)GDH was observed in dependent manner of the concentration of thrombin added, and more than 10nM thrombin was detected selectively. The batch type protein sensing system was constructed using the two different aptamers sandwiching thrombin and it showed linear response to the increase of the thrombin concentration in the range of 40-100 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakamachi 2 24 16, Koganei, Tokyo 184 8588, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Koebel M, Zimmt MB. Photothermal Readout of Surface-Arrayed Proteins: Attomole Detection Levels with Gold Nanoparticle Visualization. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:16736-43. [PMID: 16853131 DOI: 10.1021/jp051671s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transverse photothermal beam deflection (tPBD) is used to detect and quantify proteins arrayed on slides. The slides are "read" using an argon-ion excitation source. Optical absorption cross-sections of most proteins are too small for submonolayer coverages to produce thermal gradients of sufficient magnitude for detection using tPBD. Thus, surface-arrayed proteins are stained using mercaptoalkanoic acid coated gold nanoparticles (maa-AuNP). The large optical cross-sections of AuNP combined with electrolyte-induced AuNP aggregation afford a highly sensitive method for protein detection. Following maa-AuNP staining, the tPBD signal varies linearly with the amount of protein (Neutravidin) spotted on the slide surface: from 0.001 to 1.0 monolayer of protein. In a single 0.7 mm diameter array spot, the tPBD detection limit is 33 amol of Neutravidin or fewer than 55 protein molecules per microm2. Despite the nonspecific nature of interactions between maa-AuNP and proteins, significant variations in protein staining efficacy are observed. The factors controlling staining are not elucidated in detail, but there is a correlation between protein pI and protein staining. Proteins with pI approximately 6 are more effectively visualized by maa-AuNp than are more acidic or more basic proteins. The influence of AuNP diameter and mercaptoalkanoic acid chain length on protein staining and selectivity is investigated. The results demonstrate that AuNP staining coupled with tPBD detection constitutes a sensitive and practical method for probing protein arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Koebel
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Logrieco A, Arrigan DWM, Brengel-Pesce K, Siciliano P, Tothill I. DNA arrays, electronic noses and tongues, biosensors and receptors for rapid detection of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 22:335-44. [PMID: 16019803 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500070176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of how microsystem technology tools can be applied to the development of rapid, out-of-laboratory measurement capabilities for the determinations of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in foodstuffs. Most of the topics discussed are all under investigation within the European Commission-sponsored project Good-Food (FP6-IST). These are DNA arrays, electronic noses and electronic tongues for the detection of fungal contaminants in feed, and biosensors and chemical sensors based on microfabricated electrode systems, antibodies and novel synthetic receptors for the detection of specific mycotoxins. The approach to resolution of these difficult measurement problems in real matrices requires a multidisciplinary approach. The technology tools discussed can provide a route to the rapid, on-site generation of data that can aid the safe production of high-quality foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Logrieco
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Yoon HC, Yang H, Byun SY. Ferritin immunosensing on microfabricated electrodes based on the integration of immunoprecipitation and electrochemical signaling reactions. ANAL SCI 2005; 20:1249-53. [PMID: 15478331 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A signal registration strategy from micropatterned immunosensors that converts antigen-antibody binding reactions into electrochemical signals was demonstrated. An array-type micropatterned gold electrode on a silicon wafer was fabricated, containing two electrode geometries of rectangular (100 microm x 500 microm) and circular (r. 50 microm) types, exhibiting electrochemical characteristics of bulk and micro-electrodes, respectively. Ferritin was employed as a model analyte for immunosensing because it has an advantageous molecular structure for functionalization to the sensing interface, and is regarded as a general marker protein for tumors and cancer recurrence. With the fabricated and ferritin-functionalized immunosensors, biospecific interactions were performed with antiferritin antiserum and secondary antibody samples, followed by electrochemical signaling via an immunoprecipitation reaction by the label enzyme. Under the optimized affinity-surface construction steps and reaction conditions, both types of microfabricated electrodes exhibited well-defined calibration results as a function of the protein concentration in antiserum samples. Furthermore, circular-type micropatterned immunoelectrodes exhibited voltammetric characteristics of microelectrodes, which is advantageous in terms of sensor operation under a fixed potential and low signal drift during the signaling reaction compared with the bulk-type electrodes. The results support that the employed signaling method with the proposed immunosensor configuration is fit for sensor miniaturization and integration to future biomicrosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun C Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 442749, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
|
106
|
Jung HS, Kim JM, Park JW, Lee HY, Kawai T. Amperometric immunosensor for direct detection based upon functional lipid vesicles immobilized on nanowell array electrode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:6025-9. [PMID: 15952856 DOI: 10.1021/la047212k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An original electrochemical immunosensor has now been developed that is based upon the spontaneous immobilization of biotinylated, functional lipid vesicles (FLVs) on a polymeric resist layer. An electrode was fabricated utilizing a form of electron-beam (e-beam) that has been used to fabricate 200 nm (nanoscale) wells in the resist layer covering of the gold electrode. The stability of adhered FLVs upon the nanowell (NW) electrode was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). From these observations, we were able to determine that the assembled FLVs primarily adhered as individual molecules, that is, without the aggregation or fusion noted in earlier designs. Additionally, these immobilized FLVs demonstrated clearly defined redox activity in electrochemical measurements. Streptavidin, biotinylated capture antibody, and target proteins were consequently injected in order to set up the immunoassay environment. Electrochemical immunoassay experimentation was performed on the NW array electrode with model proteins, such as human serum albumin (HSA) and carbonic anhydrase from bovine (CAB). We observed a notable current decrease, following the redox path, interrupted by the target HSA, indicating the binding of the capture antibody with the target antigen. On the basis of these results, we propose a new type of immunosensor incorporating this mechanism of spontaneous immobilization of FLVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sup Jung
- Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Wu M, Lin Z, Schäferling M, Dürkop A, Wolfbeis OS. Fluorescence imaging of the activity of glucose oxidase using a hydrogen-peroxide-sensitive europium probe. Anal Biochem 2005; 340:66-73. [PMID: 15802131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A method for optical imaging of the activity of glucose oxidase (GOx) using a fluorescent europium(III) tetracycline probe for hydrogen peroxide is presented. A decay time in the microsecond range and the large Stokes shift of 210 nm of the probe facilitate intensity-based, time-resolved, and decay-time-based imaging of glucose oxidase. Four methods for imaging the activity of GOx were compared, and rapid lifetime determination imaging was found to be the best in giving a linear range from 0.32 to 2.7 m Unit/mL. The detection limit is 0.32 m Unit/mL (1.7 ng mL(-1)) which is similar to that of the time-resolved (gated) imaging using a microtiterplate reader. Fluorescent imaging of the activity of GOx is considered to be a useful tool for GOx-based immunoassays with potential for high-throughput screening, immobilization studies, and biosensor array technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Blankespoor R, Limoges B, Schöllhorn B, Syssa-Magalé JL, Yazidi D. Dense monolayers of metal-chelating ligands covalently attached to carbon electrodes electrochemically and their useful application in affinity binding of histidine-tagged proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:3362-3375. [PMID: 15807575 DOI: 10.1021/la047139y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, monolayers of metal complexes were covalently attached to the surface of carbon electrodes with the goal of binding monolayers of histidine-tagged proteins with a controlled molecular orientation and a maintained biological activity. In this novel method, which is simple, versatile, and efficient, the covalent attachment was accomplished in a single step by the electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium ions that were substituted with a nitrilotriacetic (NTA) or an imminodiacetic (IDA) ligand at the para position. The transient aryl radicals that were generated in the reduction were grafted to the surfaces of glassy carbon, highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, and graphite-based screen-printed electrodes, producing dense monolayers of the ligands. The NTA- and IDA-modified electrodes were shown to efficiently chelate Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions. The presence of the metal was established using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Surface coverages of the ligands were indirectly determined from the electroactivity of the copper(II) complex formed on the electrode surface. Studies on the effect of electrodeposition time and potential showed that, at sufficiently negative potentials, the surface coverage reached a saturating value in less than 2 min of electrodeposition time, which corresponds to the formation of a close-packed monolayer of ligand on the electrode surface. Once loaded with a metal ion, the modified electrode was able to bind specifically to histidine-tagged proteins such as the horseradish peroxidase (His-HRP) or to an enhanced, recombinant green-fluorescent protein via its N-terminal hexahistidine tail. In the case of His-HRP, the amount of active enzyme specifically immobilized by metal-chelating binding was determined from the analysis of electrocatalytic currents using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical grafting makes it possible to accurately controlled and electronically address the amount of deposited ligand on the conductive surfaces of carbon electrodes with any size and shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Blankespoor
- Department of Chemistry, Calvin College, 3201 Burton SE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Rao VK, Rai G, Agarwal G, Suresh S. Amperometric immunosensor for detection of antibodies of Salmonella typhi in patient serum. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
110
|
Electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN) studies of the adsorption behaviour of an enzyme, mandelate racemase, and its substrate, mandelic acid, on Pt. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
111
|
Okochi M, Ohta H, Tanaka T, Matsunaga T. Electrochemical probe for on-chip type flow immunoassay: Immunoglobulin G labeled with ferrocenecarboaldehyde. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 90:14-9. [PMID: 15736166 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Labeling of ferrocenecarboaldehyde (Fc-CHO) to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via formation of Schiff-base and its reduction was investigated for construction of an electrochemical probe for miniaturized amperometric flow immunoassay. Approximately eight molecules of Fc-CHO were labeled to IgG and the reversible redox property of ferrocene was observed. Labeling efficiency improved by over three times as compared to the conventional method using ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid (Fc-COOH). Also, binding affinity of IgG labeled with Fc-CHO to its antigen, IgE, was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance assay. IgG labeled with Fc-CHO that retained eight ferrocene moiety showed sufficient binding affinity to its antigen and the current response obtained in the flow electrochemical detection system increased by 14-fold as compared with IgG labeled with Fc-COOH when applying the potential of 390 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The minimum detectable concentration of IgG labeled with Fc-CHO was 0.06 microM. IgG labeled with Fc-CHO demonstrate biochemical and electrochemical properties that are useful for electrochemical immunosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Okochi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Won BY, Choi HG, Kim KH, Byun SY, Kim HS, Yoon HC. Bioelectrocatalytic signaling from immunosensors with back-filling immobilization of glucose oxidase on biorecognition surfaces. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 89:815-21. [PMID: 15688358 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel method of electrochemical signaling from antigen-antibody interactions at immunoelectrodes with bioelectrocatalyzed enzymatic signal amplification. For the immunosensing surface construction, a poly(amidoamine) G4-dendrimer was employed not only as a building block for the electrode surface modification but also as a matrix for ligand functionalization. As a model biorecognition reaction, the dinitrophenyl (DNP) antigen-functionalized electrode was fabricated and an anti-DNP antibody was used. Glucose oxidase (GOX) was chosen to amplify electrochemical signal by enzymatic catalysis. The signal amplification strategy introduced in this study is based on the back-filling immobilization of biocatalytic enzyme to the immunosensor surface, circumventing the use of an enzyme-labeled antibody. The non-labeled native antibody was biospecifically bound to the immobilized ligand, and the activated enzyme (periodate-treated GOX) reacted and "back-filled" the remaining surface amine groups on the dendrimer layer by an imine formation reaction. From the bioelectrocatalyzed signal registration with the immobilized GOX, the surface density of biospecifically bound antibody could be estimated. The DNP functionalization reaction was optimized to facilitate the antibody recognition and signaling reactions, and approximately 6% displacement of surface amine to DNP was found to be an optimum. From quartz crystal microbalance measurement, immunosensing reaction timing and the surface inertness to the nonspecific biomolecular binding were tested. By changing the surface functionalization level of DNP in the calibration experiments, immunosensors exhibited different dynamic detection ranges and limits of detection, supporting the capability of parameters modulation for the immunosensors. For the anti-DNP antibody assay, the fabricated immunosensor having 65% functionalization ratio exhibited the linear detection range of 10(-4) to 0.1 g/L protein and a limit of detection around 2 x 10(-5) g/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Yeon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 442749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Cosman NP, Roscoe SG. Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance to Detect Solvent Displacement by pH-Induced Conformational Changes of Proteins at Pt. Anal Chem 2004; 76:5945-52. [PMID: 15456319 DOI: 10.1021/ac049517+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN) techniques of simultaneous measurements of frequency and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to investigate protein adsorption behavior resulting from pH-induced conformational changes at the Pt electrode at 298 K. The adsorption behavior of holo- and apo-alpha-lactalbumin was studied in electrolyte solutions of pH < 2, 7.4, and 11. The EQCN frequency measurements did not directly monitor the mass of the adsorbed protein at anodic potentials, but instead, at a potential characteristic of the double layer for platinum, gave a measure of the extent of solvent displacement by the adsorbed protein (i.e., a "footprint"), which correlated well with known pH-induced conformational changes of the protein. Simultaneous CV charge transfer measurements provided information on the number of layers of protein adsorbed to the surface. This ability of the EQCN to detect solvent displacement by protein adsorption is potentially useful for biosensors to detect and to monitor protein conformational changes in the bulk and during the adsorption process. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the Gibbs energy of adsorption, DeltaG(ADS), and showed excellent agreement between the CV and EQCN frequency measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Cosman
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Hiratsuka A, Muguruma H, Lee KH, Karube I. Organic plasma process for simple and substrate-independent surface modification of polymeric BioMEMS devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1667-72. [PMID: 15142601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Revised: 12/27/2003] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A polymeric bio micro electromechanical systems (BioMEMS) device was fabricated using organic plasma polymerization, by which the surface of a polymeric substrate could easily be modified through vapor-phase deposition of organic thin films. This technique, capable of polymeric deposition of any kind of monomer, can serve the purpose of anti-fouling coating, wettability control, or layer-to-layer interface creation, on the surface of any given chemically-inert polymeric substrate without involving cumbersome surface organic reactions. A prototype device was fabricated to have an array of electrochemical glucose biosensors with the three electrode configuration, each of which has a microfluidic channel (500 microm x 800 microm) for capillary-action-driven sample delivery and the concerned enzymatic reaction. Stressing the advantages of the plasma polymerization process using a polymeric substrate together with some additional features accomplished in our device fabrication, new possibilities in the field of polymeric BioMEMS are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Hiratsuka
- Matsushita Electric Industrial, 3-1-1Yagumonakamachi, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka 570-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Yoon HC, Kim HS. Bioelectrocatalyzed signal amplification for affinity interactions at chemically modified electrodes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
117
|
A reusable piezo-immunosensor with amplified sensitivity for ceruloplasmin based on plasma-polymerized film. Talanta 2004; 62:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2003] [Revised: 07/06/2003] [Accepted: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
118
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi MUGURUMA
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Atsunori HIRATSUKA
- Laboratory of Advanced Bioelectronics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sufian F Al-Khaldi
- Division of Microbiological Studies, OPDFB, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740-3855, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|