101
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Ruseska I, Zimmer A. Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:101-123. [PMID: 31976201 PMCID: PMC6964662 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In today's modern era of medicine, macromolecular compounds such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids are dethroning small molecules as leading therapeutics. Given their immense potential, they are highly sought after. However, their application is limited mostly due to their poor in vivo stability, limited cellular uptake and insufficient target specificity. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) represent a major breakthrough for the transport of macromolecules. They have been shown to successfully deliver proteins, peptides, siRNAs and pDNA in different cell types. In general, CPPs are basic peptides with a positive charge at physiological pH. They are able to translocate membranes and gain entry to the cell interior. Nevertheless, the mechanism they use to enter cells still remains an unsolved piece of the puzzle. Endocytosis and direct penetration have been suggested as the two major mechanisms used for internalization, however, it is not all black and white in the nanoworld. Studies have shown that several CPPs are able to induce and shift between different uptake mechanisms depending on their concentration, cargo or the cell line used. This review will focus on the major internalization pathways CPPs exploit, their characteristics and regulation, as well as some of the factors that influence the cellular uptake mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ruseska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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102
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Klein WP, Thomsen RP, Turner KB, Walper SA, Vranish J, Kjems J, Ancona MG, Medintz IL. Enhanced Catalysis from Multienzyme Cascades Assembled on a DNA Origami Triangle. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13677-13689. [PMID: 31751123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing reliable methods of constructing cell-free multienzyme biocatalytic systems is a milestone goal of synthetic biology. It would enable overcoming the limitations of current cell-based systems, which suffer from the presence of competing pathways, toxicity, and inefficient access to extracellular reactants and removal of products. DNA nanostructures have been suggested as ideal scaffolds for assembling sequential enzymatic cascades in close enough proximity to potentially allow for exploiting of channeling effects; however, initial demonstrations have provided somewhat contradictory results toward confirming this phenomenon. In this work, a three-enzyme sequential cascade was realized by site-specifically immobilizing DNA-conjugated amylase, maltase, and glucokinase on a self-assembled DNA origami triangle. The kinetics of seven different enzyme configurations were evaluated experimentally and compared to simulations of optimized activity. A 30-fold increase in the pathway's kinetic activity was observed for enzymes assembled to the DNA. Detailed kinetic analysis suggests that this catalytic enhancement originated from increased enzyme stability and a localized DNA surface affinity or hydration layer effect and not from a directed enzyme-to-enzyme channeling mechanism. Nevertheless, the approach used to construct this pathway still shows promise toward improving other more elaborate multienzymatic cascades and could potentially allow for the custom synthesis of complex (bio)molecules that cannot be realized with conventional organic chemistry approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Klein
- National Research Council , Washington , D.C. 20001 , United States
| | - Rasmus P Thomsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Scott A Walper
- National Research Council , Washington , D.C. 20001 , United States
| | - James Vranish
- Ave Maria University , Ave Maria , Florida 34142 , United States
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Igor L Medintz
- National Research Council , Washington , D.C. 20001 , United States
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103
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Meneses-Márquez JC, Hamdan-Partida A, Monroy-Dosta MD, Castro-Mejía J, Faustino-Vega A, Soria-Castro E, Bustos-Martínez J. Use of silver nanoparticles to control Vibrio fluvialis in cultured angelfish Pterophyllum scalare. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 137:65-72. [PMID: 31802743 DOI: 10.3354/dao03423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have multiple applications, among which is their use as antimicrobial agents in aquaculture. The objective of this work was to determine the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Vibrio fluvialis in cultured angelfish Pterophyllum scalare. AgNPs were synthetized through chemical reduction and characterized by UV-visible and infrared spectroscopy. Particle size ranged from 60 to 170.8 nm, and scanning electron microscopy revealed cubic and spherical forms. A minimal inhibitory concentration of 222.5 ppm was determined, as well as inhibition halos between 8.66 and 14.3 mm. Inhibition of V. fluvialis growth was observed upon contact with AgNPs. An 88% survival of infected fish was obtained when treated with AgNPs, in contrast to 100% mortality of fish that were not treated. No damage to internal or external organs was observed in fish exposed to AgNPs. We conclude that AgNPs exert an antimicrobial effect against V. fluvialis, and thus represent a new alternative to control diseases caused by this microorganism in P. scalare culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Meneses-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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104
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Jeyaraj M, Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Kang MH, Kim JH. A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1719. [PMID: 31810256 PMCID: PMC6956027 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are noteworthy scientific tools that are being explored in various biotechnological, nanomedicinal, and pharmacological fields. They are unique because of their large surface area and their numerous catalytic applications such as their use in automotive catalytic converters and as petrochemical cracking catalysts. PtNPs have been widely utilized not only in the industry, but also in medicine and diagnostics. PtNPs are extensively studied because of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. So far, only one review has been dedicated to the application of PtNPs to nanomedicine. However, no studies describe the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical application of PtNPs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the synthesis, including physical, chemical, and biological and toxicological effects of PtNPs on human health, in terms of both in vivo and in vitro experimental analysis. Special attention has been focused on the biological synthesis of PtNPs using various templates as reducing and stabilizing agents. Finally, we discuss the biomedical and other applications of PtNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.); (S.G.); (M.Q.); (M.-H.K.)
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105
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Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Rühle B, Geißler D, Moser M, Kläber C, Schäfer A, Resch-Genger U. Multimodal Cleavable Reporters for Quantifying Carboxy and Amino Groups on Organic and Inorganic Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17577. [PMID: 31772213 PMCID: PMC6879591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used as drug carriers, fluorescent sensors, and multimodal labels in the life and material sciences. These applications require knowledge of the chemical nature, total number of surface groups, and the number of groups accessible for subsequent coupling of e.g., antifouling ligands, targeting bioligands, or sensor molecules. To establish the concept of catch-and-release assays, cleavable probes were rationally designed from a quantitatively cleavable disulfide moiety and the optically detectable reporter 2-thiopyridone (2-TP). For quantifying surface groups on nanomaterials, first, a set of monodisperse carboxy-and amino-functionalized, 100 nm-sized polymer and silica NPs with different surface group densities was synthesized. Subsequently, the accessible functional groups (FGs) were quantified via optical spectroscopy of the cleaved off reporter after its release in solution. Method validation was done with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) utilizing the sulfur atom of the cleavable probe. This comparison underlined the reliability and versatility of our probes, which can be used for surface group quantification on all types of transparent, scattering, absorbing and/or fluorescent particles. The correlation between the total and accessible number of FGs quantified by conductometric titration, qNMR, and with our cleavable probes, together with the comparison to results of conjugation studies with differently sized biomolecules reveal the potential of catch-and-release reporters for surface analysis. Our findings also underline the importance of quantifying particularly the accessible amount of FGs for many applications of NPs in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Moser
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Kläber
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany.
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106
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Ellis GA, Klein WP, Lasarte-Aragonés G, Thakur M, Walper SA, Medintz IL. Artificial Multienzyme Scaffolds: Pursuing in Vitro Substrate Channeling with an Overview of Current Progress. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - William P. Klein
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Meghna Thakur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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107
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Algar WR, Hildebrandt N, Vogel SS, Medintz IL. FRET as a biomolecular research tool — understanding its potential while avoiding pitfalls. Nat Methods 2019; 16:815-829. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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108
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Hess KL, Medintz IL, Jewell CM. Designing inorganic nanomaterials for vaccines and immunotherapies. NANO TODAY 2019; 27:73-98. [PMID: 32292488 PMCID: PMC7156029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines and immunotherapies have changed the face of health care. Biomaterials offer the ability to improve upon these medical technologies through increased control of the types and concentrations of immune signals delivered. Further, these carriers enable targeting, stability, and delivery of poorly soluble cargos. Inorganic nanomaterials possess unique optical, electric, and magnetic properties, as well as defined chemistry, high surface-to-volume- ratio, and high avidity display that make this class of materials particularly advantageous for vaccine design, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmune treatments. In this review we focus on this understudied area by highlighting recent work with inorganic materials - including gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots. We discuss the intrinsic features of these materials that impact the interactions with immune cells and tissue, as well as recent reports using inorganic materials across a range of emerging immunological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina L. Hess
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 North Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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109
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Tsai HY, Kim H, Massey M, Krause KD, Algar WR. Concentric FRET: a review of the emerging concept, theory, and applications. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:042001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab2b2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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110
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Breger JC, Oh E, Susumu K, Klein WP, Walper SA, Ancona MG, Medintz IL. Nanoparticle Size Influences Localized Enzymatic Enhancement—A Case Study with Phosphotriesterase. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2060-2074. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- KeyW Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- KeyW Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United States
| | - William P. Klein
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Mario G. Ancona
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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111
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Markowska K, Grudniak AM, Milczarek B, Wolska KI. The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Listeria monocytogenes PCM2191 Peptidoglycan Metabolism and Cell Permeability. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:315-320. [PMID: 30451448 PMCID: PMC7256742 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, a causative agent of food poisoning and systemic disease – listeriosis. This species is still susceptible to several conventionally used antibiotics but an increase in its resistance has been reported. For this reason the search for new, alternative therapies is an urgent task. Silver nanoparticles seem to be the promising antibacterial agent. Minimal inhibitory concentration of silver nanoparticles was determined. Sublethal concentrations were used in study of nanosilver effect on cells lysis by estimation of the number of cells surviving the treatment with 0.25 or 0.5 of minimal inhibitory concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Autolysis of isolated peptidoglycan was studied by measuring the absorbance of preparation subjected to nanosilver treatment. Silver nanoparticles effect on L. monocytogenes envelopes permeability was determined by measuring the efflux of cF, DNA and proteins. It was demonstrated that nanosilver enhanced the lysis of L. monocytogenes cells and, to the lesser extent, autolysis of isolated peptidoglycan. The increase in the efflux of carboxyfluoresceine, DNA and proteins was also noted. The obtained results allow to postulate that L. monocytogenes peptidoglycan, constituting the main component of cell wall, is the target of silver nanoparticles activity against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Markowska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Grudniak
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Milczarek
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Izabella Wolska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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112
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Algar WR, Jeen T, Massey M, Peveler WJ, Asselin J. Small Surface, Big Effects, and Big Challenges: Toward Understanding Enzymatic Activity at the Inorganic Nanoparticle-Substrate Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7067-7091. [PMID: 30415548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are important biomarkers for molecular diagnostics and targets for the action of drugs. In turn, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are of interest as materials for biological assays, biosensors, cellular and in vivo imaging probes, and vectors for drug delivery and theranostics. So how does an enzyme interact with a NP, and what are the outcomes of multivalent conjugation of its substrate to a NP? This invited feature article addresses the current state of the art in answering this question. Using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as illustrative materials, we discuss aspects of enzyme structure-function and the properties of NP interfaces and surface chemistry that determine enzyme-NP interactions. These aspects render the substrate-on-NP configurations far more complex and heterogeneous than the conventional turnover of discrete substrate molecules in bulk solution. Special attention is also given to the limitations of a standard kinetic analysis of the enzymatic turnover of these configurations, the need for a well-defined model of turnover, and whether a "hopping" model can account for behaviors such as the apparent acceleration of enzyme activity. A detailed and predictive understanding of how enzymes turn over multivalent NP-substrate conjugates will require a convergence of many concepts and tools from biochemistry, materials, and interface science. In turn, this understanding will help to enable rational, optimized, and value-added designs of NP bioconjugates for biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Tiffany Jeen
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT , United Kingdom
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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113
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Andresen E, Resch-Genger U, Schäferling M. Surface Modifications for Photon-Upconversion-Based Energy-Transfer Nanoprobes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5093-5113. [PMID: 30870593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An emerging class of inorganic optical reporters are near-infrared (NIR) excitable lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with multicolor emission and long luminescence lifetimes in the range of several hundred microseconds. For the design of chemical sensors and optical probes that reveal analyte-specific changes in their spectroscopic properties, these nanomaterials must be combined with sensitive indicator dyes that change their absorption and/or fluorescence properties selectively upon interaction with their target analyte, utilizing either resonance energy transfer (RET) processes or reabsorption-related inner filter effects. The rational development of UCNP-based nanoprobes for chemical sensing and imaging in a biological environment requires reliable methods for the surface functionalization of UCNPs, the analysis and quantification of surface groups, a high colloidal stability of UCNPs in aqueous media as well as the chemically stable attachment of the indicator molecules, and suitable instrumentation for the spectroscopic characterization of the energy-transfer systems and the derived nanosensors. These topics are highlighted in the following feature article, and examples of functionalized core-shell nanoprobes for the sensing of different biologically relevant analytes in aqueous environments will be presented. Special emphasis is placed on the intracellular sensing of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Andresen
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Biophotonics Division, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Biophotonics Division, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Schäferling
- Münster University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stegerwaldstr. 39 , D-48565 Steinfurt , Germany
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114
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Post RAJ, van der Zwaag D, Bet G, Wijnands SPW, Albertazzi L, Meijer EW, van der Hofstad RW. A stochastic view on surface inhomogeneity of nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1663. [PMID: 30971686 PMCID: PMC6458121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between and with nanostructures can only be fully understood when the functional group distribution on their surfaces can be quantified accurately. Here we apply a combination of direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) imaging and probabilistic modelling to analyse molecular distributions on spherical nanoparticles. The properties of individual fluorophores are assessed and incorporated into a model for the dSTORM imaging process. Using this tailored model, overcounting artefacts are greatly reduced and the locations of dye labels can be accurately estimated, revealing their spatial distribution. We show that standard chemical protocols for dye attachment lead to inhomogeneous functionalization in the case of ubiquitous polystyrene nanoparticles. Moreover, we demonstrate that stochastic fluctuations result in large variability of the local group density between particles. These results cast doubt on the uniform surface coverage commonly assumed in the creation of amorphous functional nanoparticles and expose a striking difference between the average population and individual nanoparticle coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A J Post
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - D van der Zwaag
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DSM Coating Resins, P.O. Box 123, 5145 PE, Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - G Bet
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 'Ulisse Dini', University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S P W Wijnands
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L Albertazzi
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - R W van der Hofstad
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Interaction of graphene oxide with cell culture medium: Evaluating the fetal bovine serum protein corona formation towards in vitro nanotoxicity assessment and nanobiointeractions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:363-377. [PMID: 30948072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of single-layer graphene oxide (SLGO) and multi-layered graphene oxide (MLGO) with a cell culture medium (i.e. DMEM) was studied by evaluating fetal bovine serum (FBS) protein corona formation towards in vitro nanotoxicity assessment and nanobiointeractions. SLGO and MLGO exhibited different colloidal behavior in the culture medium, which was visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy in situ analysis. Exploring proteomics and bioinformatics tools, 394 and 290 proteins were identified on the SLGO and MLGO hard corona compositions, respectively. From this amount, 115 proteins were exclusively detected on the SLGO and merely 11 on MLGO. SLGO enriched FBS proteins involved in metabolic processes and signal transduction, while MLGO enriched proteins involved in cellular development/structure, and lipid transport/metabolic processes. Such a distinct corona profile is due to differences on surface chemistry, aggregation behavior and the surface area of GO materials. Hydrophilic interactions were found to play a greater role in protein adsorption by MLGO than SLGO. Our results point out implications for in vitro studies of graphene oxide materials concerning the effective dose delivered to cells and corona bioactivity. Finally, we demonstrated the importance of integrating conventional and modern techniques thoroughly to understand the GO-FBS complexes towards more precise, reliable and advanced in vitro nanotoxicity assessment.
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116
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Jain AK, Thareja S. In vitro and in vivo characterization of pharmaceutical nanocarriers used for drug delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:524-539. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1561457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhlesh K. Jain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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117
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Bouzas-Ramos D, García-Alonso JI, Costa-Fernández JM, Ruiz Encinar J. Quantitative Assessment of Individual Populations Present in Nanoparticle-Antibody Conjugate Mixtures Using AF4-ICP-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3567-3574. [PMID: 30727735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A current remaining challenge in nanotechnology is the fast and reliable determination of the ratios between engineered nanoparticles and the species attached to their surface after chemical functionalization. The approach proposed herein based on the online coupling of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) allows for the first time the direct determination of such ratios in CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dot:rat monoclonal IgG2a antibody (QD:Ab) conjugate mixtures in a single run without any previous sample preparation (i.e., derivatization). AF4 provides full recovery and adequate resolution of the resulting bioconjugate from the excess of nanoparticles and proteins used in the different bioconjugation mixtures (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 QD:Ab molar ratios were assessed). The point-by-point determination by ICP-MS/MS of the metal to sulfur ratios along the bioconjugate fractographic peak allowed disclosing the mixture of the different species in the bioconjugated sample, providing not only the limits of the range of QD:Ab ratios in the different bioconjugate species resulting after functionalization but also a good estimation of their individual relative abundance in the mixture. Interestingly, a wide variety of compositions were observed for the different bioconjugate mixtures studied (QD:Ab molar ratios ranging from 0.27 to 4.6). The resulting weighted QD:Ab ratio computed in this way for each bioconjugate peak matches well with both the global (average) QD:Ab ratio experimentally obtained by the simpler peak area ratio computation and the theoretical QD:Ab molar ratios assayed, which internally validates the procedure developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bouzas-Ramos
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry , University of Oviedo , Avda. Julián Clavería 8 , 33006 Oviedo , Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio García-Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry , University of Oviedo , Avda. Julián Clavería 8 , 33006 Oviedo , Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry , University of Oviedo , Avda. Julián Clavería 8 , 33006 Oviedo , Spain
| | - Jorge Ruiz Encinar
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry , University of Oviedo , Avda. Julián Clavería 8 , 33006 Oviedo , Spain
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118
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Gaillard C, Mech A, Wohlleben W, Babick F, Hodoroaba VD, Ghanem A, Weigel S, Rauscher H. A technique-driven materials categorisation scheme to support regulatory identification of nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:781-791. [PMID: 36132245 PMCID: PMC9473175 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00175h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide there is a variety of regulatory provisions addressing nanomaterials. The identification as nanomaterial in a regulatory context often has the consequence that specific legal rules apply. In identifying nanomaterials, and to find out whether nanomaterial-specific provisions apply, the external size of particles is globally used as a criterion. For legal certainty, its assessment for regulatory purposes should be based on measurements and methods that are robust, fit for the purpose and ready to be accepted by different stakeholders and authorities. This should help to assure the safety of nanomaterials and at the same time facilitate their international trading. Therefore, we propose a categorisation scheme which is driven by the capabilities of common characterisation techniques for particle size measurement. Categorising materials according to this scheme takes into account the particle properties that are most important for a determination of their size. The categorisation is exemplified for the specific particle number based size metric of the European Commission's recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial, but it is applicable to other metrics as well. Matching the performance profiles of the measurement techniques with the material property profiles (i) allows selecting the most appropriate size determination technique for every type of material considered, (ii) enables proper identification of nanomaterials, and (iii) has the potential to be accepted by regulators, industry and consumers alike. Having such a scheme in place would facilitate the regulatory assessment of nanomaterials in regional legislation as well as in international relations between different regulatory regions assuring the safe trade of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gaillard
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy
| | - Agnieszka Mech
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy
| | | | - Frank Babick
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology Dresden Germany
| | | | - Antoine Ghanem
- Solvay - Research & Innovation Centre Brussels 1120 Brussels Belgium
| | - Stefan Weigel
- RIKILT - Wageningen UR 6708 Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Rauscher
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy
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119
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Shao S, Rajendiran V, Lovell JF. Metalloporphyrin Nanoparticles: Coordinating Diverse Theranostic Functions. Coord Chem Rev 2019; 379:99-120. [PMID: 30559508 PMCID: PMC6294123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins serve key roles in natural biological processes and also have demonstrated utility for biomedical applications. They can be encapsulated or grafted in conventional nanoparticles or can self-assemble themselves at the nanoscale. A wide range of metals can be stably chelated either before or after porphyrin nanoparticle formation, without the necessity of any additional chelator chemistry. The addition of metals can substantially alter a range of behaviors such as modulating phototherapeutic efficacy; conferring responsiveness to biological stimuli; or providing contrast for magnetic resonance, positron emission or surface enhanced Raman imaging. Chelated metals can also provide a convenient handle for bioconjugation with other molecules via axial coordination. This review provides an overview of some recent biomedical, nanoparticulate approaches involving gain-of-function metalloporphyrins and related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Venugopal Rajendiran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610 005, India
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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120
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Kim H, Jeen T, Tran MV, Algar WR. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of semiconductor quantum dots and their bioconjugates: materials characterization and physical insights from spectrofluorimetric detection. Analyst 2019; 143:1104-1116. [PMID: 29387848 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor quantum dot (QD) nanocrystals have ideal fluorescence properties for bioanalysis and bioimaging, but these materials must be functionalized with an inorganic shell, organic ligand or polymer coating, and conjugated with biomolecules to be useful in such applications. Several different analytical techniques are used to characterize QDs and their multiple layers of functionalization. Here, we revisit poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which has been scarcely used for the characterization of QDs and their bioconjugates in deference to the routine use of agarose gel electrophoresis. We implemented PAGE in a novel "stubby" capillary format with spectrofluorimetric detection, the combination of which enabled more rapid and more detailed characterization of QDs than was possible with both poly(acrylamide) and agarose slab gels. Correlations between the peak photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelength and electropherogram peaks, especially when combined with Ferguson analysis, provided new and significant insight into the key factors that determine the electrophoretic mobility of QDs, and helped to resolve heterogeneity and sub-populations in ensembles of QDs. The method was useful for characterization of the inorganic core/shell nanocrystals, their organic ligand and polymer coatings, and their final bioconjugates, the latter of which were in the form of peptide and protein conjugates. With further development and optimization, we anticipate that capillary PAGE with spectrofluorimetric detection will become a valuable addition to the toolbox of characterization techniques suitable for QDs, their bioconjugates, and other nanoparticle materials as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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121
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Ramírez-García G, d'Orlyé F, Nyokong T, Bedioui F, Varenne A. Physicochemical Characterization of Phthalocyanine-Functionalized Quantum Dots by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to a LED Fluorescence Detector. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2000:373-385. [PMID: 31148026 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9516-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) complemented with Taylor Dispersion Analysis-CE (TDA-CE) was developed to physicochemically characterize phthalocyanine-capped core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) at various pH and ionic strengths. An LED-induced fluorescence detector was used to specifically detect the QDs. The electropherograms and taylorgrams allowed calculating the phthalocyanine-QDs (Pc-QDs) ζ-potential and size, respectively, and determining the experimental conditions for colloidal stability. This methodology allowed evidencing either a colloidal stability or an aggregation state according to the background electrolytes nature. The calculated ζ-potential values of Pc-QDs decreased when ionic strength increased, being well correlated with the aggregation of the nanoconjugates at elevated salt concentrations. For the same reason, the hydrodynamic diameter of Pc-QDs increased with increasing background electrolyte ionic strength. The use of electrokinetic methodologies has provided insights into the colloidal stability of the photosensitizer-functionalized QDs in physiologically relevant solutions and, thereby, its usefulness for improving their design and applications for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ramírez-García
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UTCBS, Paris, France.,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France.,Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Fanny d'Orlyé
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UTCBS, Paris, France.,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UTCBS, Paris, France.,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France
| | - Anne Varenne
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UTCBS, Paris, France. .,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France.
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122
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Sotnikov DV, Berlina AN, Ivanov VS, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Adsorption of proteins on gold nanoparticles: One or more layers? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:557-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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123
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Sayes CM, Hickey AJ. Perspectives for Characterizing Drug Component of Theranostic Products Containing Nanomaterials. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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124
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Nilam M, Ahmed M, Alnajjar MA, Hennig A. Characterization of mixed-ligand shells on gold nanoparticles by transition metal and supramolecular surface probes. Analyst 2019; 144:579-586. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two simple colorimetric and fluorimetric methods to probe the surface of gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Mostafa Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Mohammad A. Alnajjar
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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125
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Shavandi A, Saeedi P, Ali MA, Jalalvandi E. Green synthesis of polysaccharide-based inorganic nanoparticles and biomedical aspects. FUNCTIONAL POLYSACCHARIDES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7151831 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102555-0.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biologically mediated inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are considered as a green, cheap, and environmental-friendly materials, which connect the nanotechnology and biomedical sciences. Metallic NPs such as gold and silver NPs, synthesized using natural materials are an important branch of inorganic NPs with catalytic functionalities and a diverse range of biomedical applications such as antimicrobial application. Polysaccharides are excellent candidates to stabilize and control the size of NPs during the synthesis process. These polymers possess multiple binding sites, which facilitate attachment to the metal surface. As a result, polysaccharides can effectively create an organic-inorganic network of the metal NPs and confer a significant protection against aggregation and chemical modifications. This chapter discusses the methods of the preparation of polysaccharide-mediated NPs and reviews various types and diverse applications for these novel materials.
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126
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Sahoo SL, Liu CH, Kumari M, Wu WC, Wang CC. Biocompatible quantum dot-antibody conjugate for cell imaging, targeting and fluorometric immunoassay: crosslinking, characterization and applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32791-32803. [PMID: 35529742 PMCID: PMC9073096 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are important fluorescent probes that offer great promise for bio-imaging research due to their superior optical properties. However, QDs for live cell imaging and the tracking of cells need more investigation to simplify processing procedures, improving labeling efficiency, and reducing chronic toxicity. In this study, QDs were functionalized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) via a chemical linker. Anti-human immunoglobulin antibodies were oxidized by sodium periodate to create reactive aldehyde groups for a spontaneous reaction with the amine groups of BSA-modified QDs. An antibody-labeled QD bioconjugate was characterized using agarose gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we found that the fluorescence of QDs was retained after multiple conjugation steps. The cell-labeling function of the QD bioconjugate was confirmed using an image analyzer and confocal microscopy. The QD bioconjugate specifically targeted human immunoglobulin on the membrane surface of recombinant cells. In addition, the QD bioconjugate applied in fluorometric immunoassay was effective for the quantitative analysis of human immunoglobulin in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The developed QD bioconjugate may offer a promising platform to develop biocompatible tools to label cells and quantify antibodies in the immunoassay. A layer-by-layer covalent strategy is developed including the modification of QDs using BSA as a stabilizing agent and then anti-human immunoglobulin antibody as a targeting moiety.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubhagya Laxmi Sahoo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Tao-Yuan 333
- Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Tao-Yuan 333
- Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine
| | - Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Tao-Yuan 333
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
- College of Medicine
| | - Chun-Chao Wang
- Department of Medical Science
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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127
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Hlaváček A, Mickert MJ, Soukka T, Lahtinen S, Tallgren T, Pizúrová N, Król A, Gorris HH. Large-Scale Purification of Photon-Upconversion Nanoparticles by Gel Electrophoresis for Analogue and Digital Bioassays. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1241-1246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias J. Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahtinen
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Tallgren
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Naděžda Pizúrová
- Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Król
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies/Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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128
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Wang YC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Synthetic Methodologies to Gold Nanoshells: An Overview. Molecules 2018; 23:E2851. [PMID: 30400168 PMCID: PMC6278292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanostructures that can be synthetically articulated to adapt diverse morphologies, offer a versatile platform and tunable properties for applications in a variety of areas, including biomedicine and diagnostics. Among several conformational architectures, gold nanoshells provide a highly advantageous combination of properties that can be fine-tuned in designing single or multi-purpose nanomaterials, especially for applications in biology. One of the important parameters for evaluating the efficacy of gold nano-architectures is their reproducible synthesis and surface functionalization with desired moieties. A variety of methods now exist that allow fabrication and chemical manipulation of their structure and resulting properties. This review article provides an overview and a discussion of synthetic methodologies to a diverse range of gold nanoshells, and a brief summary of surface functionalization and characterization methods employed to evaluate their overall composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Éric Rhéaume
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
- Department of Electrical Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, C.P. 6079 succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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129
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Abstract
Advances in polymeric nanoparticles as novel nanomedicines have opened a new class of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for many diseases. However, although the benchtop research studies in the nanoworld are numerous, their translation to currently marketed products is still limited. This lack of transference can be attributed, among other factors, to problems with nanomedicine characterization. Characterization techniques at the nanoscale could be divided in three categories: characterization of physicochemical properties (e.g., size and surface charge), characterization of nanomaterials interactions with biological components (e.g., proteins from the blood), and analytical characterization and purification methods. Currently available literature of this last group only describes methodologies applied for a specific type of nanomaterial or even methods used for bulk materials, which are not completely applicable to nanomaterials. For this reason, the current review aims to become a scholastic guide for those scientists starting in the nanoworld, giving them a description of analytical characterization techniques aimed to analyze polymers forming nanoparticles and possible forms to purify them before being used in preclinical and clinical applications.
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130
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Bioinspired, nanoscale approaches in contemporary bioanalytics (Review). Biointerphases 2018; 13:040801. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5037582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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131
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Hondred JA, Breger JC, Garland NT, Oh E, Susumu K, Walper SA, Medintz IL, Claussen JC. Enhanced enzymatic activity from phosphotriesterase trimer gold nanoparticle bioconjugates for pesticide detection. Analyst 2018; 142:3261-3271. [PMID: 28765846 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid detection of organophosphates (OPs), a class of strong neurotoxins, is critically important for monitoring acute insecticide exposure and potential chemical warfare agent use. Herein, we improve the enzymatic activity of a phosphotriesterase trimer (PTE3), an enzyme that selectively recognizes OPs directly, by conjugation with distinctly sized (i.e., 5, 10, and 20 nm diameter) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The number of enzymes immobilized on the AuNP was controlled by conjugating increasing molar ratios of PTE3 onto the AuNP surface via metal affinity coordination. This occurs between the PTE3-His6 termini and the AuNP-displayed Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid end groups and was confirmed with gel electrophoresis. The enzymatic efficiency of the resultant PTE3-AuNP bioconjugates was analyzed via enzyme progress curves acquired from two distinct assay formats that compared free unbound PTE3 with the following PTE3-AuNP bioconjugates: (1) fixed concentration of AuNPs while increasing the bioconjugate molar ratio of PTE3 displayed around the AuNP and (2) fixed concentration of PTE3 while increasing the bioconjugate molar ratio of PTE3-AuNP by decreasing the AuNP concentration. Both assay formats monitored the absorbance of p-nitrophenol that was produced as PTE3 hydrolyzed the substrate paraoxon, a commercial insecticide and OP nerve agent simulant. Results demonstrate a general equivalent trend between the two formats. For all experiments, a maximum enzymatic velocity (Vmax) increased by 17-fold over free enzyme for the lowest PTE3-AuNP ratio and the largest AuNP (i.e., ratio of 1 : 1, 20 nm dia. AuNP). This work provides a route to improve enzymatic OP detection strategies with enzyme-NP bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hondred
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, United States Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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132
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Bouzas-Ramos D, Trapiella-Alfonso L, Pons K, Encinar JR, Costa-Fernández JM, Tsatsaris V, Gagey-Eilstein N. Controlling Ligand Surface Density on Streptavidin-Magnetic Particles by a Simple, Rapid, and Reliable Chemiluminescent Test. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2646-2653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bouzas-Ramos
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Sorbonne Paris Cité. 4 avenue de l’observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Trapiella-Alfonso
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Sorbonne Paris Cité. 4 avenue de l’observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, DHU Risques et Grossesse, Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR 1139, PremUP Foundation, 53 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Kelly Pons
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Sorbonne Paris Cité. 4 avenue de l’observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, DHU Risques et Grossesse, Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR 1139, PremUP Foundation, 53 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jorge Ruiz Encinar
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M. Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, DHU Risques et Grossesse, Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR 1139, PremUP Foundation, 53 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Gagey-Eilstein
- UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Sorbonne Paris Cité. 4 avenue de l’observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, DHU Risques et Grossesse, Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMR 1139, PremUP Foundation, 53 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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133
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Hu J, Obayemi J, Malatesta K, Košmrlj A, Soboyejo W. Enhanced cellular uptake of LHRH-conjugated PEG-coated magnetite nanoparticles for specific targeting of triple negative breast cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 88:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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134
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Vaneckova T, Smerkova K, Zitka J, Hynek D, Zitka O, Hlavacek A, Foret F, Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Upconversion nanoparticle bioconjugates characterized by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2246-2252. [PMID: 29882600 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are an emerging class of optical materials with high potential in bioimaging due to practically no background signal and high penetration depth. Their excellent optical properties and easy surface functionalization make them perfect for conjugation with targeting ligands. In this work, capillary electrophoretic (CE) method with laser-induced fluorescence detection was used to investigate the behavior of carboxyl-silica-coated UCNPs. Folic acid, targeting folate receptor overexpressed by wide variety of cancer cells, was used for illustrative purposes and assessed by CE under optimized conditions. Peptide-mediated bioconjugation of antibodies to UCNPs was also investigated. Despite the numerous advantages of CE, this is the first time that CE was employed for characterization of UCNPs and their bioconjugates. The separation conditions were optimized including the background electrolyte concentration and pH. The optimized electrolyte was 20 mM borate buffer with pH 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vaneckova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Smerkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Hlavacek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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135
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Supercritical carbon dioxide-based technologies for the production of drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:22-78. [PMID: 30026127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low drug bioavailability, which is mostly a result of poor aqueous drug solubilities and of inadequate drug dissolution rates, is one of the most significant challenges that pharmaceutical companies are currently facing, since this may limit the therapeutic efficacy of marketed drugs, or even result in the discard of potential highly effective drug candidates during developmental stages. Two of the main approaches that have been implemented in recent years to overcome poor drug solubility/dissolution issues have frequently involved drug particle size reduction (i.e., micronization/nanonization) and/or the modification of some of the physicochemical and structural properties of poorly water soluble drugs. A large number of particle engineering methodologies have been developed, tested, and applied in the synthesis and control of particle size/particle-size distributions, crystallinities, and polymorphic purities of drug micro- and nano-particles/crystals. In recent years pharmaceutical processing using supercritical fluids (SCF), in general, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), in particular, have attracted a great attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This is mostly due to the several well-known advantageous technical features of these processes, as well as to other increasingly important subjects for the pharmaceutical industry, namely their "green", sustainable, safe and "environmentally-friendly" intrinsic characteristics. In this work, it is presented a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on scCO2-based processes focused on the formation and on the control of the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of amorphous/crystalline pure drug nanoparticles. It is presented and discussed the most relevant scCO2, scCO2-based fluids and drug physicochemical properties that are pertinent for the development of successful pharmaceutical products, namely those that are critical in the selection of an adequate scCO2-based method to produce pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals. scCO2-based nanoparticle formation methodologies are classified in three main families, and in terms of the most important role played by scCO2 in particle formation processes: as a solvent; as an antisolvent or a co-antisolvent; and as a "high mobility" additive (a solute, a co-solute, or a co-solvent). Specific particle formation methods belonging to each one of these families are presented, discussed and compared. Some selected amorphous/crystalline drug nanoparticles that were prepared by these methods are compiled and presented, namely those studied in the last 10-15 years. A special emphasis is given to the formation of drug cocrystals. It is also discussed the fundamental knowledge and the main mechanisms in which the scCO2-based particle formation methods rely on, as well as the current status and urgent needs in terms of reliable experimental data and of robust modeling approaches. Other addressed and discussed topics include the currently available and the most adequate physicochemical, morphological and biological characterization methods required for pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals, some of the current nanometrology and regulatory issues associated to the use of these methods, as well as some scale-up, post-processing and pharmaceutical regulatory subjects related to the industrial implementation of these scCO2-based processes. Finally, it is also discussed the current status of these techniques, as well as their future major perspectives and opportunities for industrial implementation in the upcoming years.
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136
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Li P, Kumar A, Ma J, Kuang Y, Luo L, Sun X. Density gradient ultracentrifugation for colloidal nanostructures separation and investigation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:645-662. [PMID: 36658885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the advancement in nanoseparation and concomitant purification of nanoparticles (NPs) by using density gradient ultracentrifugation technique (DGUC) and demonstrated by taking several typical examples. Study emphasizes the conceptual advances in classification, mechanism of DGUC and synthesis-structure-property relationships of NPs to provide the significant clue for the further synthesis optimization. Separation, concentration, and purification of NPs by DGUC can be achieved at the same time by introducing the water/oil interfaces into the separation chamber. We can develop an efficient method "lab in a tube" by introducing a reaction zone or an assembly zone in the gradient to find the surface reaction and assembly mechanism of NPs since the reaction time can be precisely controlled and the chemical environment change can be extremely fast. Finally, to achieve the best separation parameters for the colloidal systems, we gave the mathematical descriptions and computational optimized models as a new direction for making practicable and predictable DGUC separation method. Thus, it can be helpful for an efficient separation as well as for the synthesis optimization, assembly and surface reactions as a potential cornerstone for the future development in the nanotechnology and this review can be served as a plethora of advanced notes on the DGUC separation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anuj Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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137
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Kumar S, Yadav I, Aswal VK, Kohlbrecher J. Structure and Interaction of Nanoparticle-Protein Complexes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5679-5695. [PMID: 29672062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The integration of nanoparticles with proteins is of high scientific interest due to the amazing potential displayed by their complexes, combining the nanoscale properties of nanoparticles with the specific architectures and functions of the protein molecules. The nanoparticle-protein complexes, in particular, are useful in the emerging field of nanobiotechnology (nanomedicine, drug delivery, and biosensors) as the nanoparticles having sizes comparable to that of living cells can access and operate within the cell. The understanding of nanoparticle interaction with different protein molecules is a prerequisite for such applications. The interaction of the two components has been shown to result in conformational changes in proteins and to affect the surface properties and colloidal stability of the nanoparticles. In this feature article, our recent studies exploring the driving interactions in nanoparticle-protein systems and resultant structures are presented. The anionic colloidal silica nanoparticles and two globular charged proteins [lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] have been investigated as model systems. The adsorption behavior of the two proteins on nanoparticles is found to be completely different, but they both give rise to similar phase transformation from one phase to two phase in respective nanoparticle-protein systems. The presence of protein induces the short-range and long-range attraction between the nanoparticles with lysozyme and BSA, respectively. The observed phase behavior and its dependence on various physiochemical parameters (e.g., nanoparticle size, ionic strength, and solution pH) have been explained in terms of underlying interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugam Kumar
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 , India
| | - Indresh Yadav
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai 400 094 , India
| | - Vinod Kumar Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai 400 094 , India
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging , Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 PSI Villigen , Switzerland
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138
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Spicer CD, Jumeaux C, Gupta B, Stevens MM. Peptide and protein nanoparticle conjugates: versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3574-3620. [PMID: 29479622 PMCID: PMC6386136 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide- and protein-nanoparticle conjugates have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical applications, enabling the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of disease. In this review, we focus on the key roles played by peptides and proteins in improving, controlling, and defining the performance of nanotechnologies. Within this framework, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key sequences and structures utilised to provide biological and physical stability to nano-constructs, direct particles to their target and influence their cellular and tissue distribution, induce and control biological responses, and form polypeptide self-assembled nanoparticles. In doing so, we highlight the great advances made by the field, as well as the challenges still faced in achieving the clinical translation of peptide- and protein-functionalised nano-drug delivery vehicles, imaging species, and active therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Spicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden.
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139
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Moser M, Nirmalananthan N, Behnke T, Geißler D, Resch-Genger U. Multimodal Cleavable Reporters versus Conventional Labels for Optical Quantification of Accessible Amino and Carboxy Groups on Nano- and Microparticles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5887-5895. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Moser
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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140
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Shimizu FM, Pasqualeti AM, Todão FR, de Oliveira JFA, Vieira LCS, Gonçalves SPC, da Silva GH, Cardoso MB, Gobbi AL, Martinez DST, Oliveira ON, Lima RS. Monitoring the Surface Chemistry of Functionalized Nanomaterials with a Microfluidic Electronic Tongue. ACS Sens 2018; 3:716-726. [PMID: 29424231 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanomaterials have led to tremendous progress in different areas with the development of high performance and multifunctional platforms. However, a relevant gap remains in providing the mass-production of these nanomaterials with reproducible surfaces. Accordingly, the monitoring of such materials across their entire life cycle becomes mandatory to both industry and academy. In this paper, we use a microfluidic electronic tongue (e-tongue) as a user-friendly and cost-effective method to classify nanomaterials according to their surface chemistry. The chip relies on a new single response e-tongue with association of capacitors in parallel, which consisted of stainless steel microwires coated with SiO2, NiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 thin films. Utilizing impedance spectroscopy and a multidimensional projection technique, the chip was sufficiently sensitive to distinguish silica nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed in water in spite of the very small surface modifications induced by distinct functionalization and oxidation extents, respectively. Flow analyses were made acquiring the analytical readouts in a label-free mode. The device also allowed for multiplex monitoring in an unprecedented way to speed up the tests. Our goal is not to replace the traditional techniques of surface analysis, but rather propose the use of libraries from e-tongue data as benchmark for routine screening of modified nanomaterials in industry and academy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio M. Shimizu
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brasil
| | - Anielli M. Pasqualeti
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Fagner R. Todão
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Jessica F. A. de Oliveira
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Luis C. S. Vieira
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Suely P. C. Gonçalves
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Gabriela H. da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416-000, Brasil
| | - Mateus B. Cardoso
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Angelo L. Gobbi
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Diego S. T. Martinez
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416-000, Brasil
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brasil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
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141
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Vranish JN, Ancona MG, Walper SA, Medintz IL. Pursuing the Promise of Enzymatic Enhancement with Nanoparticle Assemblies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2901-2925. [PMID: 29115133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The growing emphasis on green chemistry, renewable resources, synthetic biology, regio-/stereospecific chemical transformations, and nanotechnology for providing new biological products and therapeutics is reinvigorating research into enzymatic catalysis. Although the promise is profound, many complex issues remain to be addressed before this effort will have a significant impact. Prime among these is to combat the degradation of enzymes frequently seen in ex vivo formats following immobilization to stabilize the enzymes for long-term application and to find ways of enhancing their activity. One promising avenue for progress on these issues is via nanoparticle (NP) display, which has been found in a number of cases to enhance enzyme activity while also improving long-term stability. In this feature article, we discuss the phenomenon of enhanced enzymatic activity at NP interfaces with an emphasis on our own work in this area. Important factors such as NP surface chemistry, bioconjugation approaches, and assay formats are first discussed because they can critically affect the observed enhancement. Examples are given of improved performance for enzymes such as phosphotriesterase, alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, horseradish peroxidase, and β-galactosidase and in configurations with either the enzyme or the substrate attached to the NP. The putative mechanisms that give rise to the performance boost are discussed along with how detailed kinetic modeling can contribute to their understanding. Given the importance of biosensing, we also highlight how this configuration is already making a significant contribution to NP-based enzymatic sensors. Finally, a perspective is provided on how this field may develop and how NP-based enzymatic enhancement can be extended to coupled systems and multienzyme cascades.
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142
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Shen Y, Gee MY, Greytak AB. Purification technologies for colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:827-841. [PMID: 27942615 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost all applications of colloidal nanocrystals require some type of purification or surface modification process following nanocrystal growth. Nanocrystal purification - the separation of nanocrystals from undesired solution components - can perturb the surface chemistry and thereby the physical properties of colloidal nanocrystals due to changes in solvent, solute concentrations, and exposure of the nanocrystal surface to oxidation or hydrolysis. For example, nanocrystal quantum dots frequently exhibit decreased photoluminescence brightness after precipitation from the growth solvent and subsequent redissolution. Consequently, purification is an integral part of the synthetic chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals, and the effect of purification methods must be considered in order to accurately compare and predict the behavior of otherwise similar nanocrystal samples. In this Feature Article we examine established and emerging approaches to the purification of colloidal nanoparticles from a nanocrystal surface chemistry viewpoint. Purification is generally achieved by exploiting differences in properties between the impurities and the nanoparticles. Three distinct properties are typically manipulated: polarity (relative solubility), electrophoretic mobility, and size. We discuss precipitation, extraction, electrophoretic methods, and size-based methods including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and size-exclusion chromatography. The susceptibility of quantum dots to changes in surface chemistry, with changes in photoluminescence decay associated with surface chemical changes, extends even into the case of core/shell structures. Accordingly, the goal of a more complete description of quantum dot surface chemistry has been a driver of innovation in colloidal nanocrystal purification methods. We specifically examine the effect of purification on surface chemistry and photoluminescence in quantum dots as an example of the challenges associated with nanocrystal purification and how improved understanding can result from increasingly precise techniques, and associated surface-sensitive analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Megan Y Gee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - A B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. and USC Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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143
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Defante AP, Vreeland WN, Benkstein KD, Ripple DC. Using Image Attributes to Assure Accurate Particle Size and Count Using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:1383-1391. [PMID: 29277640 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) obtains particle size by analysis of particle diffusion through a time series of micrographs and particle count by a count of imaged particles. The number of observed particles imaged is controlled by the scattering cross-section of the particles and by camera settings such as sensitivity and shutter speed. Appropriate camera settings are defined as those that image, track, and analyze a sufficient number of particles for statistical repeatability. Here, we test if image attributes, features captured within the image itself, can provide measurable guidelines to assess the accuracy for particle size and count measurements using NTA. The results show that particle sizing is a robust process independent of image attributes for model systems. However, particle count is sensitive to camera settings. Using open-source software analysis, it was found that a median pixel area, 4 pixels2, results in a particle concentration within 20% of the expected value. The distribution of these illuminated pixel areas can also provide clues about the polydispersity of particle solutions prior to using a particle tracking analysis. Using the median pixel area serves as an operator-independent means to assess the quality of the NTA measurement for count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Defante
- Bioprocess Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899.
| | - Wyatt N Vreeland
- Bioprocess Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Kurt D Benkstein
- Bioprocess Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Dean C Ripple
- Bioprocess Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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144
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Wang C, Gao X, Chen Z, Chen Y, Chen H. Preparation, Characterization and Application of Polysaccharide-Based Metallic Nanoparticles: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E689. [PMID: 30965987 PMCID: PMC6418682 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are natural biopolymers that have been recognized to be the most promising hosts for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) because of their outstanding biocompatible and biodegradable properties. Polysaccharides are diverse in size and molecular chains, making them suitable for the reduction and stabilization of MNPs. Considerable research has been directed toward investigating polysaccharide-based metallic nanoparticles (PMNPs) through host⁻guest strategy. In this review, approaches of preparation, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, are presented and compared. Different characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering are discussed in detail. Besides, the applications of PMNPs in the field of wound healing, targeted delivery, biosensing, catalysis and agents with antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer capabilities are specifically highlighted. The controversial toxicological effects of PMNPs are also discussed. This review can provide significant insights into the utilization of polysaccharides as the hosts to synthesize MPNs and facilitate their further development in synthesis approaches, characterization techniques as well as potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xudong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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145
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Campos EVR, Oliveira JL, Fraceto LF. Poly(ethylene glycol) and Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan: From Methodologies to Preparation and Potential Biotechnological Applications. Front Chem 2017; 5:93. [PMID: 29164107 PMCID: PMC5681902 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a polyaminosaccharide obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin, possesses useful properties including biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and good miscibility with other polymers. It is extensively used in many applications in biology, medicine, agriculture, environmental protection, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. The amino and hydroxyl groups present in the chitosan backbone provide positions for modifications that are influenced by factors such as the molecular weight, viscosity, and type of chitosan, as well as the reaction conditions. The modification of chitosan by chemical methods is of interest because the basic chitosan skeleton is not modified and the process results in new or improved properties of the material. Among the chitosan derivatives, cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted chitosan are excellent candidates for a range of biomedical, environmental decontamination, and industrial purposes. This work discusses modifications including chitosan with attached cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene glycol), and the main applications of these chitosan derivatives in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefânia V. R. Campos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jhones L. Oliveira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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146
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Yamamoto K, Shiono T, Yoshimura R, Matsui Y, Yoneda M. Influence of hydrophilicity on adsorption of caffeine onto montmorillonite. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0263617417735480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some types of montmorillonite containing different interlayer ions were prepared and the changes in the interlayer spacings, the hydrophilicity, and the characteristics of adsorption of caffeine in solution were observed. Ion exchange treatments were performed using Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba. As a result, Li- and Na-type montmorillonite showed larger interlayer distance (1.31–1.53 nm), than K, Rb, and Cs-type montmorillonite (1.23–1.26 nm). In the measurement of hydrophilicity using a pulse NMR-based particle interface analyzer, Li- and Na-type montmorillonite showed higher hydrophilicity. In addition, KLang, which indicates the interaction with caffeine, was 0.25–0.32 l/mmol, which is lower than K-, Rb-, and Cs-type montmorillonite (1.14–1.60 l/mmol). It is possible that adsorption of water molecules inhibits caffeine from adsorbing. Because of the difficulty of exchange between caffeine and water molecules in interlayer of the Li- and Na-type montmorillonite, the interaction with caffeine decreased. Alternatively, another possibility is that when highly hydrophilic montmorillonite retains many water molecules, the caffeine adsorption sites are blocked by water molecules. In either case, hydrophilicity has a large influence on the adsorption of caffeine onto montmorillonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yamamoto
- Kirin Company, Ltd, Japan; Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuto Matsui
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering, Japan
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147
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Mitić Ž, Stolić A, Stojanović S, Najman S, Ignjatović N, Nikolić G, Trajanović M. Instrumental methods and techniques for structural and physicochemical characterization of biomaterials and bone tissue: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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148
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Malanoski AP, Breger JC, Brown CW, Deschamps JR, Susumu K, Oh E, Anderson GP, Walper SA, Medintz IL. Kinetic enhancement in high-activity enzyme complexes attached to nanoparticles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:241-252. [PMID: 32260679 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies by many groups have found consistent enhancement in a wide variety of enzyme activities when they are displayed around nanoparticles. However, the underlying mechanism(s) that give rise to this phenomenon are still largely unknown. Herein, we develop a detailed reaction scheme that considers many of the various possible interactions between a substrate and a given enzyme-nanoparticle bioconjugate. The properties and some functional predictions that emanate from the reaction scheme were then tested using a model system where the homotetrameric beta-galactosidase enzyme complex was assembled with luminescent semiconductor nanocrystalline quantum dots displayed around its periphery. This type of assembly occurs as the ∼465 kDa enzyme complex is significantly larger than the 4.2 nm diameter green emitting quantum dots utilized. This unique architecture, in conjunction with the fact that this enzyme functions at or near the diffusion limit, provided a unique opportunity to selectively probe certain aspects of enzyme enhancement when attached to a nanoparticle with minimal potential perturbations to the native enzyme structure. Experimental assays were conducted where both free enzymes and quantum dot-decorated enzymes were compared directly in side-by-side samples and included formats where the kinetic processes were challenged with increasing viscosity and competitive inhibitors. The results strongly suggest that it is possible for there to be significant enhancements in an enzyme's catalytic rate or kcat after attachment to a nanoparticle even when it is apparently diffusion limited without requiring any gross changes to the enzyme's structure. A discussion of how this reaction scheme and model can be applied to other systems is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Malanoski
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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149
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Rajeshkumar S, Bharath L. Mechanism of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles – A review on biomolecules involved, characterisation and antibacterial activity. Chem Biol Interact 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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150
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Resch-Genger U, Gorris HH. Perspectives and challenges of photon-upconversion nanoparticles - Part I: routes to brighter particles and quantitative spectroscopic studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5855-5874. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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