101
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Zhao MX, Tang WH, Chen MX, Wei DK, Dai TL, Shi M. Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of 3-Aryloxindoles to Phenyl Vinyl Sulfone Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloid-Derived Bifunctional Amine-Thiourea Catalysts Bearing Sulfonamide as Multiple Hydrogen-Bonding Donors. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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102
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Chouhan M, Sharma R, Nair VA. Cp2ZrCl2-induced Reformatsky and Barbier reactions on isatins: an efficient synthesis of 3-substituted-3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones. Appl Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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103
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Zhao MX, Zhang ZW, Chen MX, Tang WH, Shi M. Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyzed Enantioselective Chlorination of 3-Aryloxindoles. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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104
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Zhang Z, Zheng W, Antilla JC. Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Benzoyloxylation of 3-Aryloxindoles Using Chiral VAPOL Calcium Phosphate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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105
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Zhang Z, Zheng W, Antilla JC. Highly enantioselective catalytic benzoyloxylation of 3-aryloxindoles using chiral VAPOL calcium phosphate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1135-8. [PMID: 21268212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CHE 205A, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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106
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Urgaonkar S, Cortese JF, Barker RH, Cromwell M, Serrano AE, Wirth DF, Clardy J, Mazitschek R. A concise silylamine approach to 2-amino-3-hydroxy-indoles with potent in vivo antimalaria activity. Org Lett 2010; 12:3998-4001. [PMID: 20718474 DOI: 10.1021/ol101566h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of a concise strategy to access 2-amino-3-hydroxy-indoles, which are disclosed as novel antimalarials with potent in vivo activity, is reported. Starting from isatins the target compounds are synthesized in 2 steps and in good yields via oxoindole intermediates by employing tert-butyldimethylsilyl amine (TBDMSNH(2)) as previously unexplored ammonia equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Urgaonkar
- Infectious Disease Initiative Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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107
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Basavaiah D, Roy S, Das U. Toward understanding the scope of Baylis–Hillman reaction: synthesis of 3-(2- hydroxyphenyl)indolin-2-ones and polycyclic fused furans. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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108
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Luan X, Wu L, Drinkel E, Mariz R, Gatti M, Dorta R. Highly Chemo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Allyl-3-aryl Oxindoles via the Direct Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Amides. Org Lett 2010; 12:1912-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1003093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Luan
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linglin Wu
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Drinkel
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronaldo Mariz
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Gatti
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Dorta
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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109
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Bui T, Borregan M, Barbas CF. Expanding the scope of cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed enantioselective alpha-aminations of oxindoles: a versatile approach to optically active 3-amino-2-oxindole derivatives. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8935-8. [PMID: 19950878 DOI: 10.1021/jo902039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed, highly enantioselective, alpha-amination of oxindoles has been developed. The reaction is general, operationally simple, and affords the desired products in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivity. Significantly, this study provides a general catalytic method for the construction of a C-N bond at the C3 position of oxindoles as well as for the creation of a nitrogen-containing, tetrasubstituted chiral center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Bui
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute
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110
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Shintani R, Takatsu K, Hayashi T. Copper-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronates to isatins: a catalytic cycle involving alkoxocopper intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6822-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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111
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Bravo N, Mon I, Companyó X, Alba AN, Moyano A, Rios R. Enantioselective addition of oxindoles to aliphatic α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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112
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Watson EL, Marsden SP, Raw SA. A robust, efficient catalyst system for enolate arylation leading to quaternary 3-aminooxindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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113
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Jiang K, Peng J, Cui HL, Chen YC. Organocatalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation of oxindoles with Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3955-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b905177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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114
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Park JH, Kim E, Chung YK. Heterobimetallic Cobalt/Rhodium Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cycloaddition of 2-Alkynylanilines to Oxindoles. Org Lett 2008; 10:4719-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801978n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Park
- Intellectual Textile System Research Center, and Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Intellectual Textile System Research Center, and Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Young Keun Chung
- Intellectual Textile System Research Center, and Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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115
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Hillgren JM, Marsden SP. Convenient synthesis of 3-alkoxy-3-aryloxindoles by intramolecular arylation of mandelic amides. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6459-61. [PMID: 18616319 DOI: 10.1021/jo8010842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Medicinally important 3-alkoxy-3-aryloxindoles are conveniently prepared by the rapid microwave-promoted palladium-catalyzed intramolecular enolate arylation of mandelate-derived anilides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mikael Hillgren
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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116
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Wulff H, Zhorov BS. K+ channel modulators for the treatment of neurological disorders and autoimmune diseases. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1744-73. [PMID: 18476673 PMCID: PMC2714671 DOI: 10.1021/cr078234p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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117
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Sano D, Nagata K, Itoh T. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroxylation of Oxindoles by Molecular Oxygen Using a Phase-Transfer Catalyst. Org Lett 2008; 10:1593-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800260r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Itoh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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118
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Abstract
A catalyst generated from Pd(dba)2 and the bulky electron-rich phosphine ligand 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2',4', 6'-tri-i-propyl-1-1'-biphenyl is effective for the alpha-arylation of oxindoles. Generation of the potassium-enolates of a range of oxindoles allows coupling with aryl chlorides, bromides, and triflates. Significant variation of the substitution pattern on both the oxindole and aryl halide is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Durbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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119
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Ferrante M, Blackwell KT, Migliore M, Ascoli GA. Computational models of neuronal biophysics and the characterization of potential neuropharmacological targets. Curr Med Chem 2008; 15:2456-71. [PMID: 18855673 PMCID: PMC3560392 DOI: 10.2174/092986708785909094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The identification and characterization of potential pharmacological targets in neurology and psychiatry is a fundamental problem at the intersection between medicinal chemistry and the neurosciences. Exciting new techniques in proteomics and genomics have fostered rapid progress, opening numerous questions as to the functional consequences of ligand binding at the systems level. Psycho- and neuro-active drugs typically work in nerve cells by affecting one or more aspects of electrophysiological activity. Thus, an integrated understanding of neuropharmacological agents requires bridging the gap between their molecular mechanisms and the biophysical determinants of neuronal function. Computational neuroscience and bioinformatics can play a major role in this functional connection. Robust quantitative models exist describing all major active membrane properties under endogenous and exogenous chemical control. These include voltage-dependent ionic channels (sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.), synaptic receptor channels (e.g. glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic), and G protein coupled signaling pathways (protein kinases, phosphatases, and other enzymatic cascades). This brief review of neuromolecular medicine from the computational perspective provides compelling examples of how simulations can elucidate, explain, and predict the effect of chemical agonists, antagonists, and modulators in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim T. Blackwell
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Michele Migliore
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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120
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Ramachary DB, Babul Reddy G, Mondal R. A new organocatalyst for Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 2-naphthols with isatins: application of an organo-click strategy for the cascade synthesis of highly functionalized molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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121
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Organocatalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of ketones with isatins: straightforward stereoselective synthesis of 3-alkyl-3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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122
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Magnus P, Turnbull R. Thermal and acid-catalyzed Hofmann-Martius rearrangement of 3-N-aryl-2-oxindoles into 3-(arylamino)-2-oxindoles. Org Lett 2007; 8:3497-9. [PMID: 16869644 DOI: 10.1021/ol061191z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The Hofmann-Martius rearrangement of 3-N-aryl-2-oxindoles into 3-(arylamino)-2-oxindoles under thermal and acid-catalyzed conditions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Magnus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1167, USA.
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123
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Shieh CC, Turner SC, Zhang XF, Milicic I, Parihar A, Jinkerson T, Wilkins J, Buckner SA, Gopalakrishnan M. A-272651, a nonpeptidic blocker of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, modulates bladder smooth muscle contractility and neuronal action potentials. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:798-806. [PMID: 17519951 PMCID: PMC2014127 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (BK(Ca), K(Ca)1.1) links membrane excitability with intracellular Ca(2+) signaling and plays important roles in smooth muscle contraction, neuronal firing, and neuroendocrine secretion. This study reports the characterization of a novel BK(Ca) channel blocker, 2,4-dimethoxy-N-naphthalen-2-yl-benzamide (A-272651). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH (86)Rb(+) efflux in HEK-293 cells expressing BK(Ca) was measured. Effects of A-272651 on BK(Ca) alpha- and BK(Ca) alphabeta1-mediated currents were evaluated by patch-clamp. Effects on contractility were assessed using low-frequency electrical field stimulated pig detrusor and spontaneously contracting guinea pig detrusor. Effects of A-272651 on neuronal activity were determined in rat small diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG). KEY RESULTS A-272651 (10 microM) inhibited (86)Rb(+) efflux evoked by NS-1608 in HEK-293 cells expressing BK(Ca) currents. A-272651 concentration-dependently inhibited BK(Ca) currents with IC(50) values of 4.59 microM (Hill coefficient 1.04, measured at +40 mV), and 2.82 microM (Hill coefficient 0.89), respectively, for BK(Ca) alpha and BK(Ca) alphabeta1-mediated currents. Like iberiotoxin, A-272651 enhanced field stimulated twitch responses in pig detrusor and spontaneous contractions in guinea pig detrusor with EC(50) values of 4.05+/-0.05 and 37.95+/-0.12 microM, respectively. In capsaicin-sensitive DRG neurons, application of A-272651 increased action potential firing and prolonged action potential duration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data demonstrate that A-272651 modulates smooth muscle contractility and neuronal firing properties. Unlike previously reported peptide BK(Ca) blockers, A-272651 represents one of the first small molecule BK(Ca) channel blockers that could serve as a useful tool for further characterization of BK(Ca) channels in physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Shieh
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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124
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Young BL, Cooks RG, Madden MC, Bair M, Jia J, Aubry AF, Miller SA. Chiral purity assay for Flindokalner using tandem mass spectrometry: Method development, validation, and benchmarking. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1602-8. [PMID: 17298872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the application and validation of a mass spectrometry method for quantitative chiral purity determination. The particular compound analyzed is Flindokalner, a Bristol-Myers Squibb drug candidate for post-stroke neuroprotection. Chiral quantification of Flindokalner was achieved using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and the kinetic method, a gas phase method used for thermochemical and chiral determinations. The MS/MS method was validated and benchmarked against two separate chromatographic techniques, chiral high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (LC/UV) and achiral high performance liquid chromatography with circular dichroism detection (LC/CD). The chiral purity determination of Flindokalner using MS/MS proved to be rapid (3 min run time for each sample) and to have accuracy and precision comparable to the chiral LC/UV and achiral LC/CD methods. This method represents an alternative to commonly used chromatographic techniques as a means of chiral purity determination and is particularly useful in rapid screening experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy L Young
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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125
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Vrudhula VM, Dasgupta B, Qian-Cutrone J, Kozlowski ES, Boissard CG, Dworetzky SI, Wu D, Gao Q, Kimura R, Gribkoff VK, Starrett JE. Atropisomeric 3-(β-hydroxyethyl)-4-arylquinolin-2-ones as Maxi-K Potassium Channel Openers. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1050-7. [PMID: 17274609 DOI: 10.1021/jm061093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of 3-beta-hydroxyethyl-4-arylquinolin-2-ones is described. These compounds contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents ortho to the phenolic OH in the C ring of the quinolinone. Electrophysiological evaluation of the panel of compounds revealed that 11 and 16 with an unbranched ortho substituent retain activity as maxi-K ion channel openers. Members of this series of compounds can exist as stable atropisomers. Calculated estimates of the energy barrier for rotation around the aryl-aryl single bond in 3 is 31 kcal/mol. The atropisomers of (+/-)-3, (+/-)-4, and (+/-)-11 were separated by chiral HPLC and tested for their effect on maxi-K mediated outward current in hSlo injected X. laevis oocytes. The (-) isomer in each case was found to be more active than the corresponding (+) isomer, suggesting that the ion channel exhibits stereoselective activation. X-ray crystallographic structures of (+)-3 and (+)-11 were determined. Evaluation of the stability of (-)-3 at 80 degrees C in n-butanol indicated a 19.6% conversion to (+)-3 over 72 h. In human serum at 37 degrees C (-)-3 did not racemize over the course of the 30 h study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda M Vrudhula
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.
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126
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Ishimaru T, Shibata N, Nagai J, Nakamura S, Toru T, Kanemasa S. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroxylation Reactions of Oxindoles and β-Keto Esters Using DBFOX Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:16488-9. [PMID: 17177383 DOI: 10.1021/ja0668825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective hydroxylation reaction of both 3-aryl and 3-alkyl-2-oxindoles using the DBFOX-Zn(II) complex, leading to pharmaceutically important chiral 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles was described. The structure of oxidant was found to play an important role to increase the enantioselectivity. The methodology has successfully applied to the highly enantioselective hydroxylation of beta-keto esters using the DBFOX-Ni(II) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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127
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Tashima T, Toriumi Y, Mochizuki Y, Nonomura T, Nagaoka S, Furukawa K, Tsuru H, Adachi-Akahane S, Ohwada T. Design, synthesis, and BK channel-opening activity of hexahydrodibenzazepinone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:8014-31. [PMID: 16904328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 07/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore new scaffolds for large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channel (BK channel) openers, we carried out molecular design and synthesis on the basis of the following two concepts: (1) introduction of a heteroatom into the dehydroabietic acid (BK channel opener) skeleton would allow easier introduction of substituents. (2) Because of the fourfold symmetrical structure of BK channels, dimeric compounds in which two pharmacophores are linked through a tether are expected to have a greater binding probability to the channels, resulting in increased channel-opening activity. Herein, we explore the usefulness of the hexahydrodibenzazepinone structure as a new scaffold for BK channel openers. The synthesized monomer compounds of hexahydrodibenzazepinone derivatives, which can be derived from dehydroabietic acid, were subjected to electrophysiological patch-clamp studies, followed by Magnus contraction-relaxation assay using rabbit urinary bladder smooth muscle strips to assess overall activities. Dimeric compounds were designed by linking the monomeric hexahydrodibenzazepinone derivatives through a diacetylenebenzene tether, and their channel-opening activities were evaluated by electrophysiological methods. Finally, we concluded that the critical structure for BK channel-opening activity is the hexahydrodibenzazepinone monomer substituted with a phenyl-bearing alkynyl substituent on the lactam amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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128
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Toullec PY, Jagt RBC, de Vries JG, Feringa BL, Minnaard AJ. Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Isatins: An Entry to Diversity in 3-Aryl-3-Hydroxyoxindoles. Org Lett 2006; 8:2715-8. [PMID: 16774239 DOI: 10.1021/ol0608101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A general method for the catalytic 1,2-addition of aryl and alkenyl boronic acids to isatins is described using a rhodium(I)/triphenylphosphite catalyst. The application of this transformation allows the synthesis of a variety of 3-aryl-3-hydroxyoxindole building blocks in high yields. An enantioselective version of this reaction using a rhodium(I)/phosphoramidite system is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Toullec
- Department of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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129
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Shintani R, Inoue M, Hayashi T. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Aryl- and Alkenylboronic Acids to Isatins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:3353-6. [PMID: 16596682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shintani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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130
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Shintani R, Inoue M, Hayashi T. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Aryl- and Alkenylboronic Acids to Isatins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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131
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132
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Vrudhula VM, Dasgupta B, Boissard CG, Gribkoff VK, Santone KS, Dalterio RA, Lodge NJ, Starrett JE. Analogs of a potent maxi-K potassium channel opener with an improved inhibitory profile toward cytochrome P450 isozymes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4286-90. [PMID: 16061379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinone 1 is a potent maxi-K potassium channel opener. In an effort to design analogs of 1 with a better inhibitory profile toward the CYP2C9 isozyme, the two acidic sites were chemically modified independently to generate a number of analogs. These analogs were evaluated as maxi-K channel openers in vitro using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing cloned hSlo maxi-K channels. Compounds 15, 17, and 19 showed potent activity as maxi-K channel openers and were further evaluated for inhibition of the activity of the CYP2C9 isozyme. Compounds 17 and 19 showed diminished inhibitory potency against 2C9 and also against a panel of other more common CYP isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda M Vrudhula
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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133
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Power EC, Ganellin CR, Benton DCH. Partial structures of ketoconazole as modulators of the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:887-90. [PMID: 16359866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of partial structures of ketoconazole has been synthesized and tested for activity on the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK) in bovine smooth muscle cells. This has provided openers and blockers of the channel. The results suggest that the phenyl and phenoxy moieties are important for interaction with BK, whereas the imidazole group is unimportant. The properties of the phenoxy moiety seem to determine whether the compounds act to open or block the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin C Power
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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134
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Gribkoff VK, Winquist RJ. Voltage-gated cation channel modulators for the treatment of stroke. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:579-92. [PMID: 15926865 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.5.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal voltage-gated cation channels regulate the transmembrane flux of calcium, sodium and potassium. Neuronal ischaemia occurring during acute ischaemic stroke results in the breakdown in the normal function of these ion channels, contributing to a series of pathological events leading to cell death. A dramatic increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium during neuronal ischaemia plays a particularly important role in the neurotoxic cascade resulting in stroke-related acute neurodegeneration. One approach to provide therapeutic benefit following ischaemic stroke has been to target neuronal voltage-gated cation channels, and particularly blockers of calcium and sodium channels, for post-stroke neuroprotection. A recent development has been the identification of openers of large-conductance calcium- and voltage-dependent potassium channels (maxi-K channels), which hyperpolarize ischaemic neurons, reduce excitatory amino acid release, and reduce ischaemic calcium entry. Thus far, targeting these voltage-gated cation channels has not yet yielded significant clinical benefit. The reasons for this may involve the lack of small-molecule blockers of many neuronal members of these ion channel families and the design of preclinical stroke models, which do not adequately emulate the clinical condition and hence lack sufficient rigor to predict efficacy in human stroke. Furthermore, there may be a need for changes in clinical trial designs to optimise the selection of patients and the course of drug treatment to protect neurons during all periods of potential neuronal sensitivity to neuro-protectants. Clinical trials may also have to be powered to detect small effect sizes or be focused on patients more likely to respond to a particular therapy. The development of future solutions to these problems should result in an improved probability of success for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Biology, Scion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 3600, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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135
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Barroso S, Blay G, Cardona L, Fernández I, García B, Pedro JR. Highly Diastereoselective Arylation of (S)-Mandelic Acid Enolate: Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted (R)-3-Hydroxy-3-phenyloxindoles and (R)-Benzylic Acids and Synthesis of Nitrobenzophenones. J Org Chem 2004; 69:6821-9. [PMID: 15387607 DOI: 10.1021/jo0402069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An easy access to substituted (R)-3-hydroxy-3-phenyloxindoles, (R)-benzylic acids, and benzophenones is described. The reaction of the lithium enolate of the (2S,5S)-cis-1,3-dioxolan-4-one derived from optically active (S)-mandelic acid and pivalaldehyde with several o- and p-halonitrobenzenes proceeds readily to give the corresponding arylation products in good yields and diastereoselectivities. The reduction of the nitro group with Zn/HCl/EtOH in the o-nitro arylation products with concomitant intramolecular aminolysis of the dioxolanone moiety leads directly to enantiomerically pure (R)-3-hydroxy-3-phenyloxindoles. On the other hand the basic hydrolysis of the dioxolanone moiety in all the arylation products (ortho and para) leads to enantiomerically pure substituted (R)-benzylic acids. The oxidative decarboxylation of these latter with oxygen as terminal oxidant in the presence of pivalaldehyde and the Co(III)-Me2opba complex as catalyst gives substituted nitrobenzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Barroso
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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136
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Parihar AS, Groebe DR, Scott VE, Feng J, Zhang XF, Warrior U, Gopalakrishnan M, Shieh CC. Functional analysis of large conductance Ca2(+)-activated K(+) channels: ion flux studies by atomic absorption spectrometry. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2004; 1:647-54. [PMID: 15090237 DOI: 10.1089/154065803770381002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although techniques such as (86)Rb(+) flux provide a sensitive measure of K(+) channel activity, the relatively short half-life and high-energy emission, together with the quantities of radioactive material generated, hinder the usefulness of flux-based formats in high throughput screening efforts. This study elaborates on the utilization of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) techniques for a nonradioactive rubidium efflux assay for large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)) channels. Utilizing human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells expressing the BK(Ca) alpha subunit, a 96-well cell-based nonradioactive rubidium efflux screen for channel openers and inhibitors was established. Known BK(Ca) channel openers, including NS1608, NS1619, and NS-8, activated rubidium efflux with EC(50) values ranging from 1 to 4 microM in both radioactive and nonradioactive efflux formats. Compounds such as iberiotoxin, paxilline, and charybdotoxin inhibited rubidium efflux responses evoked by the BK(Ca) channel opener NS1608 in both radioactive and nonradioactive efflux formats. The IC(50) values of the inhibitors in AAS format were comparable to those derived from (86)Rb(+) efflux assays. The present studies show that the pharmacological profiles of BK(Ca) channels assessed by AAS compare well with those obtained using the (86)Rb(+) efflux assay, and support the utility of nonradioactive efflux format for higher throughput screening campaigns for novel K(+) channel modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh S Parihar
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6125, USA
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137
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Malysz J, Buckner SA, Daza AV, Milicic I, Perez-Medrano A, Gopalakrishnan M. Functional characterization of large conductance calcium-activated K+ channel openers in bladder and vascular smooth muscle. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 369:481-9. [PMID: 15095032 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-0920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Accepted: 02/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcium activated K(+) channels (K(Ca) channels) are found in a variety of smooth muscle tissues, the most characterized of which are the large conductance K(Ca) channels (BK(Ca) or maxi-K(+) channels). Recent medicinal chemistry efforts have identified novel BK(Ca) openers including 2-amino-5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (NS-8), BMS-204352 and its analog 3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one (compound 1), and 5,7-dichloro-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (compound 2). Although these compounds are effective BK(Ca) openers as shown by electrophysiological methods, little is known about their effects on smooth muscle contractility. In this study, the responsiveness of structurally diverse BK(Ca) openers-NS-8, compounds 1 and 2 and the well characterized nonselective NS-1619-was assessed using segments of endothelium denuded rat aorta, rat and guinea pig detrusor precontracted with extracellular K(+), and Landrace pig detrusor stimulated by electrical field. In all preparations, the compounds tested inhibited or completely abolished contractions with similar potencies (-logIC(50) values: 3.8 to 5.1). In rat aorta, in the presence of 80 mM K(+), the compounds significantly shifted the concentration-response curve to the right compared with those obtained in 30 mM K(+). These data are consistent with K(+) channel (BK(Ca) channel) activation as the underlying mechanism of relaxation by compounds that share the electrophysiological property of BK(Ca) current activation. The similar potencies at detrusor and vascular smooth muscle suggest that the achievement of smooth muscle selectivity in vitro with the representative compounds examined in this study may prove to be a challenge when targeting BK(Ca) channels for smooth muscle indications such as overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Malysz
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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138
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Kawasaki T, Nagaoka M, Satoh T, Okamoto A, Ukon R, Ogawa A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one alkaloids, (±)-donaxaridine and (±)-convolutamydines A and E, through enolization–Claisen rearrangement of 2-allyloxyindolin-3-ones. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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139
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Tricarico D, Barbieri M, Mele A, Carbonara G, Camerino DC. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are specific openers of skeletal muscle BK channel of K+-deficient rats. FASEB J 2004; 18:760-1. [PMID: 14766795 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0722fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic-anhydrase (CA) inhibitors are used in the treatment of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP) and related channelopathies but their mechanism of action is unknown. Patch-clamp experiments and molecular modeling investigations were performed to evaluate the mechanism of actions of CA inhibitors on skeletal muscle Ca2+-activated-K+ (BK) channel of K+-deficient rats used as animal model of hypoPP. CA inhibitors showing different degree of CA inhibition such as acetazolamide (ACTZ), dichlorphenamide (DCP), hydrochlorthiazide (HCT), etoxzolamide (ETX), methazolamide (MTZ), and bendroflumethiazide (BFT), which lacks inhibitory effects on CA enzymes, were tested in vitro on BK channels. The application of ACTZ, BFT, ETX, and DCP to excised patches activated the BK channel with potency: ACTZ(DE50=7.3x10(-6)M)>BFT(DE50=5.93x10(-5)M)>ETX(DE50=1.17x10(-4)M)>>DCP. In contrast, MTZ and HCT failed to activate the BK channel. Molecular modeling studies showed that the capability of CA inhibitors to open the BK channel was related to the presence in their structures of an intra-molecular hydrogen bond with calculated inter-atomic distances ranging between 1.82 A degrees and 3.01 A degrees and of an aromatic ring poor of electrons. ACTZ, BFT, ETX, and DCP showed these pharmacofores, while MTZ and HCT did not. Our data indicate that the activation of BK channel is a property of CA inhibitors that interact with the channel subunit/s and that this effect is not related to their capability to inhibit the CA enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricarico
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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140
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Kapiller-Dezsőfi R, Volk B. Interpretation of substituent-induced13C NMR chemical shifts of oxindoles. NEW J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b403034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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141
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Zoute L, Audouard C, Plaquevent JC, Cahard D. Enantioselective synthesis of BMS-204352 (MaxiPost) using N-fluoroammonium salts of cinchona alkaloids (F-CA-BF4). Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:1833-4. [PMID: 12945759 DOI: 10.1039/b303113f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of a potent Maxi-K potassium channel opener (BMS-204352) mediated by N-fluoroammonium salts of cinchona alkaloids is described. Two synthetic pathways were evaluated. An ee as high as 88% was achieved (>99% after a single recrystallisation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Zoute
- UMR 6014 de l'IRCOF, Université de Rouen, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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142
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Li Y, Johnson G, Romine JL, Meanwell NA, Martin SW, Dworetzky SI, Boissard CG, Gribkoff VK, Starrett JE. Novel openers of Ca2+-dependent large-conductance potassium channels: symmetrical pharmacophore and electrophysiological evaluation of bisphenols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1437-9. [PMID: 12668007 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological evaluation of symmetrical analogues of the known maxi-K opener NS-004 (1) led to the discovery of bisphenols 2a, 3a and 4a as openers of cloned maxi-K channels expressed in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Computer-Assisted Drug Design, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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143
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Shibata N, Ishimaru T, Suzuki E, Kirk KL. Enantioselective fluorination mediated by N-fluoroammonium salts of cinchona alkaloids: first enantioselective synthesis of BMS-204352 (MaxiPost). J Org Chem 2003; 68:2494-7. [PMID: 12636425 DOI: 10.1021/jo026792s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a cinchona alkaloid/Selectfluor-mediated enantioselective fluorination of the oxindole 2 to achieve the first enantioslective synthesis of BMS-204352 (MaxiPost, S-1), an effective opener of maxi-K channels. Fluorination occurred to produce S-1 with 84% ee using the bis-cinchona alkaloid (DHQ)(2)AQN. Recrystallization produced enantiomerically pure (>99% ee) product. Quinidine-mediated fluorination of 2 gave the (R)-antipode of 1 with 68% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Shibata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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144
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Dischino DD, Dulac HA, Gillman KW, Keller LS, Kozlowski ES, Marcin LR, Mongillo JJ, Starrett JE. Microwave-assisted synthesis and chiral HPLC separation of18F-labeled MaxiPost? An agent for post-stroke neuroprotection. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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145
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Dischino DD, Gribkoff VK, Hewawasam P, Luke GM, Rinehart JK, Spears TL, Starrett JE. Synthesis of3H and14C labeled (S)-3-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indol-2-one, maxipost? An agent for post-stroke neuroprotection. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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146
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Hewawasam P, Fan W, Knipe J, Moon SL, Boissard CG, Gribkoff VK, Starrett JE. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-aryl-3-aminoquinolin-2-ones: a new class of calcium-dependent, large conductance, potassium (maxi-K) channel openers targeted for post-stroke neuroprotection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1779-83. [PMID: 12067560 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-aryl-3-aminoquinoline-2-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as activators of the cloned maxi-K channel mSlo (hSlo) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using electrophysiological methods. A brain penetrable activator of maxi-K channels was identified and shown to be significantly active in the MCAO model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyasena Hewawasam
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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147
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Romine JL, Martin SW, Gribkoff VK, Boissard CG, Dworetzky SI, Natale J, Li Y, Gao Q, Meanwell NA, Starrett JE. 4,5-diphenyltriazol-3-ones: openers of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (maxi-K) channels. J Med Chem 2002; 45:2942-52. [PMID: 12086481 DOI: 10.1021/jm010569q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of diphenyl-substituted heterocycles were synthesized and evaluated by electrophysiological techniques as openers of the cloned mammalian large-conductance, Ca(2+)-activated potassium (maxi-K) channel. The series was designed from deannulation of known benzimidazolone maxi-K opener NS-004 (2) thereby providing an effective template for obtaining structure-activity-related information. The triazolone ring system was the most studied wherein 4,5-diphenyltriazol-3-one 6d (maxi-K = 158%) was identified as the optimal maxi-K channel opener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Romine
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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148
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Barlocco D. Monitor: molecules and profiles. Drug Discov Today 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(02)02310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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149
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Chapter 24. Advances in technologies for the discovery and characterization of ion channel modulators: Focus on potassium channels. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(02)37025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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