101
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Mita MM, LoRusso PM, Papadopoulos KP, Gordon MS, Mita AC, Ferraldeschi R, Keer H, Oganesian A, Su XY, Jueliger S, Tolcher AW. A Phase I Study of ASTX660, an Antagonist of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins, in Adults with Advanced Cancers or Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2819-2826. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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102
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Zhang X, Goel V, Robbie GJ. Pharmacokinetics of Patisiran, the First Approved RNA Interference Therapy in Patients With Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated Amyloidosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:573-585. [PMID: 31777097 PMCID: PMC7187331 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin‐mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, progressively debilitating, and often fatal disease caused by deposition of mutated transthyretin (TTR) protein. Patisiran is an RNA interference therapeutic comprising a novel small interfering ribonucleic acid (ALN‐18328) formulated with 2 novel lipid excipients, DLin‐MC3‐DMA and PEG2000‐C‐DMG, in a lipid nanoparticle targeted to inhibit hepatic TTR synthesis. Here we report the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ALN‐18328, DLin‐MC3‐DMA, and PEG2000‐C‐DMG from a phase 2 multiple‐ascending‐dose study and its open‐label extension (OLE) in patients with hATTR amyloidosis. Twenty‐nine patients received 2 intravenous infusions of patisiran of 0.01, 0.05, 0.15, or 0.3 mg/kg at 3‐ or 4‐week intervals; of these, 27 patients received 0.3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks over 24 months in the OLE study. Plasma PK profiles of ALN‐18328 and DLin‐MC3‐DMA exhibited 2 phases, the first characterized by a short distribution half‐life and the second by a minor peak and relatively long terminal elimination half‐life. PK exposures to 3 analytes increased proportionally across the dose range of 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg. For ALN‐18328, mean terminal elimination half‐life was 3.2 days, mean total clearance was 3.0 mL/h/kg, and urinary excretion was negligible. All 3 analytes exhibited stable PK profiles with chronic dosing over 2 years. The 2‐ to 3‐fold plasma accumulation (AUCτ) of ALN‐18328 at steady state is attributable to the association of ALN‐18328 with the cationic lipid DLin‐MC3‐DMA. There was no appreciable accumulation of PEG2000‐C‐DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Goel
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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103
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A randomized controlled dose-escalation study of SSS07, a humanized rabbit anti-human TNF alpha antibody, in healthy Chinese adults. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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104
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He AR, Cohen RB, Denlinger CS, Sama A, Birnbaum A, Hwang J, Sato T, Lewis N, Mynderse M, Niland M, Giles J, Wallin J, Moser B, Zhang W, Walgren R, Plimack ER. First-in-Human Phase I Study of Merestinib, an Oral Multikinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Oncologist 2019; 24:e930-e942. [PMID: 30833489 PMCID: PMC6738318 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this nonrandomized, open-label, phase I study (NCT01285037) was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of merestinib, an oral antiproliferative and antiangiogenic kinase inhibitor, and to determine a recommended phase II dose and schedule for patients with advanced cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label, phase I study of oral merestinib consisting of six parts: dose escalation (part A), followed by a four-cohort dose-confirmation study (part B) and subsequently a four-part dose expansion and combination safety testing of merestinib with standard doses of cetuximab (part C), cisplatin (part D), gemcitabine and cisplatin (part E), and ramucirumab (part F) in patients with specific types of advanced cancers. Safety, tolerability, antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics were evaluated in all cohorts. RESULTS The dose escalation, confirmation, and expansion results support the dosing of merestinib at 120 mg once daily, based on acceptable exposure and safety at this dose. One complete response was observed in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma, and three patients with cholangiocarcinoma achieved a partial response. Overall, 60 (32%) of the 186 patients enrolled in the study had a best response of stable disease. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that merestinib has a tolerable safety profile and potential anticancer activity and warrants further clinical investigation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Merestinib treatment in patients with advanced cancer demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and potential antitumor activity, supporting its future development in specific disease populations as a monotherapy and/or in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwu Ruth He
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Crystal S Denlinger
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashwin Sama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ariel Birnbaum
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jimmy Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy Lewis
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian Moser
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R Plimack
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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105
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Quantitative bioanalytical LC–MS/MS assay for S130 in rat plasma-application to a pharmacokinetic study. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:1469-1481. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An innovative Atg4B inhibitor, S130, exhibited a negative influence on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. To assist reliable toxicodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation, an LC–MS/MS assay of S130 in rat plasma must be necessary. Results: An LC–MS/MS assay for determination of S130 in rat plasma has been first developed and fully verified whose values met the admissible limits as per the US FDA guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using an isocratic elution after 3 min. MS was conducted under the ESI+ mode fitted with selected reaction monitoring. The calibration curve proved acceptable linearity over 0.50–800 ng/ml. Conclusion: The developed LC–MS/MS assay of S130 in rat plasma is easily applicable in pharmacokinetics study and the further toxicological evaluation.
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106
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Fu R, Liu J, Xue Y, Zhang Z, Song R. Effects of Animal Strain, Dose, and Cotreatment with Saikosaponin b2 on the Pharmacokinetics of Saikosaponin a in Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:827-836. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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107
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Rothenberg ME, Tagen M, Chang JH, Boyce-Rustay J, Friesenhahn M, Hackos DH, Hains A, Sutherlin D, Ward M, Cho W. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of GDC-0276, a Novel NaV1.7 Inhibitor, in a First-in-Human, Single- and Multiple-Dose Study in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Drug Investig 2019; 39:873-887. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-019-00807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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108
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Gou ZP, Zheng L, Wang Y, Feng P, Xiang J. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the peripheral non-narcotic antitussive moguisteine in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:166-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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109
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Tamaki S, Shibata T, Hunt T, Gerhardt B, Yamada H, Pai SM. Pharmacokinetics, Food Effect, Ketoconazole Interaction, and Safety of JTK-853, a Novel Nonnucleoside HCV Polymerase Inhibitor, After Ascending Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 8:371-384. [PMID: 30779479 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of JTK-853, a novel HCV polymerase inhibitor, were evaluated in single and multiple ascending dose (SAD, MAD) studies, with food- and ketoconazole-related effects on exposure to JTK-853 and its active (CYP3A4 mediated) metabolite M2. JTK-853 was safe and well tolerated in both studies. In the SAD study, at doses >1600 mg (with standard breakfast [SBF]), JTK-853 exposure did not increase further, was substantially higher (AUCinf increase: 3- to 8-fold) with SBF (vs fasted), with a moderate increase in AUCinf (approximately 1.5-fold [1600 mg]) with a high-fat breakfast (vs SBF). In the SAD study (400-1600 mg, SBF), mean effective half-life (t1/2(eff) ) of JTK-853 was 8.3 to 10.9 hours, and 20.3 to 27.3 hours in the MAD study (twice daily dosing, fed condition), with 2- to 3-fold accumulation in exposure (AUCtau ). At steady-state, AUCtau increased dose proportionally, and was approximately 2-fold higher with ketoconazole coadministration. Metabolite M2 (equipotent to JTK-853 in vitro) did not contribute significantly to parent drug exposure and decreased with increase in dose, repeated dosing, and ketoconazole coadministration. Trial simulation-based ratios (n = 1000/dose level) of trough JTK-853 plasma concentrations to the in vitro EC90 for HCV genotype 1b were assessed for dose selection in a separate proof-of-concept study in patients. The studies enabled delineation of key drug attributes for further assessments in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekihiro Tamaki
- Clinical Pharmacology, Akros Pharma Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA.,Clinical Development Department, Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shibata
- Clinical Development Department, Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Hunt
- PPD Development LP, Phase I Clinic, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Clinical Development Department, Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sudhakar M Pai
- Clinical Pharmacology, Akros Pharma Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
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110
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Simultaneous Quantitation of a Novel α₁/β₁-Blocker TJ0711 and Its Two Metabolites in Dog Plasma Using LC-MS/MS and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study after Intravenous Infusion. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11010038. [PMID: 30669292 PMCID: PMC6359546 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TJ0711∙HCl, which is a novel α1/β1 adrenoceptor blocking agent with a ratio of 1:1 for α1/β1, is designed to treat and prevent perioperative hypertension. M1 and M3 were identified as important metabolites in vitro for either antihypertension activity or the major metabolite production. In order to obtain a pharmacokinetic profile of both TJ0711 and its metabolites, a rapid, selective, and reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of TJ0711 and two metabolites in beagle dog plasma via efficiently separating two interferential metabolites M16 and M4 from M1 and M3, respectively. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters CORTECS C18+ column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.7 μm). The mass spectrometric detection was carried out in positive ion MRM mode with ESI+ source. Protein precipitation was used in sample preparation and provided good recovery without a matrix effect. Good linearity was observed at the ranges of 0.5–100 ng/mL for TJ0711 and M3, 0.1–20 ng/mL for M1. Additional validation results were within the acceptance limits followed U.S. FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. This method was successfully applied to an intravenous infusion pharmacokinetic study of TJ0711 at dosing rates of 3, 6, and 12 µg/kg/min in anesthetized beagle dogs for the first time. TJ0711 and its two metabolites exhibited effective proportionality in the dosage of 3 to 12 µg/kg/min. Neither TJ0711 nor its metabolites showed significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters such as t1/2, CL, and Vss among three dose groups.
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111
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen W, Lu Y, Li W, Liu Y, Lai X, Gong Y, Liu X, Li Y, Chen X, Li X, Sun H, Yang J, Zhong D. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of vicagrel, a novel thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor, compared with clopidogrel in healthy Chinese subjects following single oral dosing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 127:151-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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112
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Yuen E, Posada M, Smith C, Thorn K, Greenwood D, Burgess M, A Benhadji K, Ortega D, Chinchen L, Suico J. Evaluation of the effects of an oral notch inhibitor, crenigacestat (LY3039478), on QT interval, and bioavailability studies conducted in healthy subjects. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:483-492. [PMID: 30539232 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crenigacestat (LY3039478) is a Notch inhibitor currently being investigated in advanced cancer patients. Conducting clinical pharmacology studies in healthy subjects avoids nonbeneficial drug exposures in cancer patients and mitigates confounding effects of disease state and concomitant medications. METHODS Three studies were conducted in healthy subjects, assessing safety, pharmacokinetics, effect on QT interval, and relative and absolute bioavailability of crenigacestat. Crenigacestat was administered as single 25, 50, or 75 mg oral doses or as an intravenous dose of 350 µg 13C15N2H-crenigacestat. Electrocardiogram measurements, and plasma and urine samples were collected up to 48 h postdose, and safety assessments were conducted up to 14 days postdose. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Exposures were dose proportional in the 25 to 75 mg dose range and mean elimination half-life was approximately 5-6 h. The exposure achieved from the new formulated capsule was approximately 30% and 20% higher for area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero to infinity [AUC(0-∞)] and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), respectively, compared to the reference drug in capsule formulation. The geometric least-squares mean [90% confidence interval (CI)] absolute bioavailability of crenigacestat was 0.572 (0.532, 0.615). The regression slope (90% CI) of placebo-adjusted QTcF against crenigacestat plasma concentration was - 0.001 (- 0.006, 0.003), suggesting no significant linear association. Thirty-nine subjects completed the studies and the majority of adverse events were mild. Single oral doses of 25 to 75 mg crenigacestat and an IV dose of 350 µg 13C15N2H-crenigacestat were well tolerated in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Yuen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK.
| | - Maria Posada
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Claire Smith
- Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Katharine Thorn
- Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Dale Greenwood
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Michelle Burgess
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Karim A Benhadji
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Demetrio Ortega
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Louise Chinchen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Jeffrey Suico
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
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113
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Tenero D, Farinola N, Berkowitz EM, Tiffany CA, Qian Y, Xue Z, Raychaudhuri A, Gardiner DF. Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability Evaluation of Single and Multiple Doses of GSK3342830 in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 8:754-764. [PMID: 30536589 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This was a first-time-in-human randomized, double-blind, single-center, placebo-controlled dose-escalation study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of GSK3342830 after single and repeat intravenous doses in healthy adult subjects (NCT0271424). Sixty-two subjects were enrolled: 48 subjects in part 1 (single dose) and 14 subjects in part 2 (multiple doses). Following single intravenous infusions, total systemic exposure of GSK3342830 was dose proportional over the 250- to 6000-mg dose range evaluated, whereas peak exposure was approximately dose proportional over the dose range. Following repeat intravenous infusions 3 times a day, GSK3342830 showed time invariance with no drug accumulation. Steady state was reached before day 3, and approximately 90% of GSK3342830 was excreted unchanged in urine. All 48 subjects in part 1 (100.0%) completed the study. In part 2, 9 subjects (64.3%) completed the study, and 5 subjects, all receiving GSK3342830, discontinued early (35.7%), 4 after experiencing fever, headache, and malaise, whereas 1 subject met predefined criteria for drug discontinuation because of transaminitis. GSK3342830 demonstrated PK consistent with other cephalosporin-class antibiotics but poor tolerability following multiple doses in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tenero
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Farinola
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Elchonon M Berkowitz
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Courtney A Tiffany
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Yanwen Qian
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Zhengyu Xue
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Aparna Raychaudhuri
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - David F Gardiner
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, Collegeville, PA, USA
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114
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Zhang T, Chen G, Liu C, Zu L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Lv J, An Y, Dong L, Cheng H, Ren S, Wang Q, Zheng Q, Song H, Fang Y. A Phase I Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Proposed Biosimilar GB242 and Reference Infliximab in Healthy Subjects. BioDrugs 2018; 33:93-100. [PMID: 30511316 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and immunogenicity of GB242 as a potential biosimilar infliximab with those of reference infliximab in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS We conducted a randomized, single-center, double-blind, parallel-controlled phase I study in which 48 healthy subjects were divided equally into a GB242 group and reference infliximab group. Both the test and reference drug were administered as a single intravenous dose of 3 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected as per a designated schedule to evaluate PKs and immunogenicity. Safety was assessed throughout the study. PK similarity was concluded if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean ratios of the GB242 to reference infliximab for maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUCt), and AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC∞) were within the predefined bioequivalence range of 80-125%. RESULTS The mean serum concentration-time curves were similar between GB242 and reference infliximab. The 90% CIs for the geometric mean ratios of the GB242 to reference infliximab for Cmax, AUCt, and AUC∞ were completely within 80-125% for the PK similarity comparison. The proportion of subjects with treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between the GB242 group and the reference infliximab group. Antidrug antibody profiles were comparable between the two treatments groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated high PK similarity between GB242 and its marketed reference infliximab in healthy subjects. Both treatments showed comparable safety and immunogenicity. REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-IPR-15007098.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guihong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao'an District Songgang People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Li'an Zu
- Comprehensive Chemotherapy Ward, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Units, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youzhong An
- Department of Intensive Care Units, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihou Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyang Cheng
- Department of Clinical and Registration, Genor Biopharm Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbin Ren
- Department of Clinical and Registration, Genor Biopharm Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- The Center for Drug Clinical Research of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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115
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Hanrahan JP, Wakefield JD, Wilson PJ, Mihova M, Chickering JG, Ruff D, Hall M, Milne GT, Currie MG, Profy AT. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Ascending-Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Praliciguat in Healthy Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 8:564-575. [PMID: 30422390 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is central to the regulation of several physiological processes, including blood flow and inflammation. Deficient NO signaling is implicated in multiple diseases. sGC stimulators are small molecules that enhance sGC activity, particularly in combination with NO. In a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 study, the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple ascending doses of the sGC stimulator praliciguat were assessed in 44 healthy adults. Four cohorts of 11 subjects (8 praliciguat, 3 placebo) received once-daily praliciguat for 14 days before up-titrating for 7 days (treatment sequences: 15/30 mg, 20/40 mg, 30/40 mg, and weight-based). All doses were tolerated. No serious or severe adverse events (AEs) were reported. The most common AEs in praliciguat recipients were headache and symptoms consistent with blood pressure (BP) lowering/vasodilation. There were no laboratory, vital sign, electrocardiographic, or platelet function findings indicative of a safety concern. Pharmacokinetics were dose proportional, with an effective half-life of 24-37 hours, supporting once-daily dosing. Praliciguat produced dose-related increases in plasma cGMP consistent with stimulation of sGC. Repeated once-daily dosing showed sustained decreases in BP. Results support evaluation of praliciguat for the treatment of conditions associated with deficient NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Ruff
- ICON Early Phase Services LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Hall
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Todd Milne
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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116
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Rauck RL, Oh DA, Singla N, Koch C, Parikh N, Nalamachu S, Yu J, James S. Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl Sublingual Spray in Opioid-Naïve Participants: Results of a Phase 1, Multiple Ascending Dose Study. Clin Drug Investig 2018; 38:715-726. [PMID: 29909433 PMCID: PMC6061414 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-018-0658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Fentanyl sublingual spray may be a viable alternative to intravenous (IV) opioids for the treatment of acute pain. As patients with acute pain may include those who have limited prior exposure to opioids, this phase 1, open-label, randomized, multiple ascending-dose study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of multiple doses of fentanyl sublingual spray in opioid-naïve participants. This article primarily reports the pharmacokinetics results. Methods Study drugs were administered in four dosing cohorts: every 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 h for a maximum of three doses per cohort. Eight fasted individuals per cohort were randomized to either fentanyl sublingual spray (100, 200, or 400 µg) or fentanyl citrate IV 50 µg (6:2 ratio). Blood samples were collected pre-dose through 24 h post first dose. Results A total of 98 healthy adults were enrolled and 96 completed the study. Mean plasma fentanyl concentrations increased with increasing doses of fentanyl sublingual spray administered every 0.5–4 h. With multiple doses, systemic exposure increased relative to the first dose; shorter dosing intervals resulted in higher concentrations. Analysis of dose proportionality suggested that systemic exposure increased in a linear but slightly greater than dose-proportional manner. Accumulation between the first and last doses of fentanyl sublingual spray was more pronounced with shorter dosing intervals. Conclusion Dose-dependent fentanyl pharmacokinetics following multiple doses of fentanyl sublingual spray were well characterized in an opioid-naïve population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02641340. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40261-018-0658-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Rauck
- Carolinas Pain Institute and The Center for Clinical Research, 145 Kimel Park Dr, Ste 330, Winston-Salem, NC, 27103, USA.
| | | | - Neil Singla
- Lotus Clinical Research, LLC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Neha Parikh
- Insys Development Company, Inc, Chandler, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jin Yu
- Insys Development Company, Inc, Chandler, AZ, USA
| | - Steven James
- Insys Development Company, Inc, Chandler, AZ, USA
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Baek IH. Dose proportionality and pharmacokinetics of dronedarone following intravenous and oral administration to rat. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:734-739. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1496369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In-Hwan Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Anti-tumour activity of a first-in-class agent NUC-1031 in patients with advanced cancer: results of a phase I study. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:815-822. [PMID: 30206366 PMCID: PMC6189138 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gemcitabine is used to treat a wide range of tumours, but its efficacy is limited by cancer cell resistance mechanisms. NUC-1031, a phosphoramidate modification of gemcitabine, is the first anti-cancer ProTide to enter the clinic and is designed to overcome these key resistance mechanisms. Methods Sixty-eight patients with advanced solid tumours who had relapsed after treatment with standard therapy were recruited to a dose escalation study to determine the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) and assess the safety of NUC-1031. Pharmacokinetics and anti-tumour activity was also assessed. Results Sixty-eight patients received treatment, 50% of whom had prior exposure to gemcitabine. NUC-1031 was well tolerated with the most common Grade 3/4 adverse events of neutropaenia, lymphopaenia and fatigue occurring in 13 patients each (19%). In 49 response-evaluable patients, 5 (10%) achieved a partial response and 33 (67%) had stable disease, resulting in a 78% disease control rate. Cmax levels of the active intracellular metabolite, dFdCTP, were 217-times greater than those reported for equimolar doses of gemcitabine, with minimal toxic metabolite accumulation. The RP2D was determined as 825 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Conclusions NUC-1031 was well tolerated and demonstrated clinically significant anti-tumour activity, even in patients with prior gemcitabine exposure and in cancers not traditionally perceived as gemcitabine-responsive.
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Jia W, Li J, Du F, Sun Y, Xu F, Wang F, Olaleye OE, Chen D, Tang W, Zuo J, Li C. Assay development for determination of DZ2002, a new reversible SAHH inhibitor, and its acid metabolite DZA in blood and application to rat pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:25-33. [PMID: 30740254 PMCID: PMC6355468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl (S)-4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoate (DZ2002) is a potent reversible inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). Due to its ester structure, DZ2002 is rapidly hydrolyzed in rat blood to 4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutyric acid (DZA) during and after blood sampling from rats; this hampers accurate determination of the circulating DZ2002 and its acid metabolite DZA in rats. To this end, a method for determining the blood concentrations of DZ2002 and DZA in rats was developed by using methanol to immediately deactivate blood carboxylesterases during sampling. The newly developed bioanalytical assay possessed favorable accuracy and precision with lower limit of quantification of 31 nM for DZ2002 and DZA. This validated assay was applied to a rat pharmacokinetic study of DZ2002. After oral administration, DZ2002 was found to be extensively converted into DZA. The level of systemic exposure to DZ2002 was significantly lower than that of DZA. The apparent oral bioavailability of DZ2002 was 90%–159%. The mean terminal half-lives of DZ2002 and DZA were 0.3–0.9 and 1.3–5.1 h, respectively. The sample preparation method illustrated here may be adopted for determination of other circulating ester drugs and their acid metabolites in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Olajide E Olaleye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Danghui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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First-in-human study of the anti-HB-EGF antibody U3-1565 in subjects with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:147-158. [PMID: 30056611 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
U3-1565 is a monoclonal antibody directed against heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which mediates angiogenesis via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). This first-in-human study characterized the safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of U3-1565 in subjects with advanced solid tumors. In Part 1 (dose escalation following a modified 3 + 3 design), Cohorts 1-4, U3-1565 was administered at 2, 8, 16, and 24 mg/kg every 3 weeks for Cycle 1 and every 2 weeks thereafter. In Part 1, Cohort 5, and in Part 2 (dose expansion), U3-1565 was administered at 24 mg/kg every week. Thirty-six subjects were enrolled and treated (15 in Part 1; 21 in Part 2). No subject experienced dose limiting toxicity and maximum tolerated dose was not reached. All drug-related events were Grade 1 or 2 in severity, with fatigue and rash predominating. Following treatment with U3-1565, 1 subject with metastatic colorectal cancer experienced partial response and 6 subjects achieved stable disease. Four subjects completed the study main phase (first 12 cycles) and entered the extension phase. Of the 6/36 subjects with high (> 1500 pg/ml) baseline VEGF-A levels, all showed a decrease in VEGF-A (median - 60% [-22% to -97%]). Of the remaining subjects, only 19/30 showed a decrease (median - 18% [-2% to -82%]). Subjects with high VEGF-A baseline levels remained on treatment longer (3/6 entered study extension phase versus 1/30), and were more likely to show disease control (3/6 versus 4/30). In conclusion, U3-1565 demonstrates both proof of mechanism and clinical activity across different tumor types.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbance, and postural instability. Levodopa, the precursor to dopamine, coadministered with carbidopa or benserazide, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors, is the most effective and widely used therapeutic agent in the treatment of PD. With continued levodopa treatment, a majority of patients develop motor complications such as dyskinesia and motor 'on-off' fluctuations, which are, in part, related to the fluctuations in plasma concentrations of levodopa. A new extended-release (ER) carbidopa-levodopa capsule product (also referred to as IPX066) was developed and approved in the US as Rytary® and in the EU as Numient®. The capsule formulation is designed to provide an initial rapid absorption of levodopa comparable to immediate-release (IR) carbidopa-levodopa, and to subsequently provide stable levodopa concentrations with reduced peak-to-trough excursions in plasma concentrations in order to reduce motor fluctuations associated with pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors and to minimize dyskinesia. Phase III studies of this ER carbidopa-levodopa capsule formulation in patients with PD have shown a significant reduction in 'off' time compared with IR carbidopa-levodopa and carbidopa-levodopa-entacapone. We present a review of the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this ER product of carbidopa-levodopa in healthy subjects and in patients with PD.
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122
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Guan Y, He F, Wu J, Zhao L, Wang X, Huang L, Zeng G, Ren B, Chen J, Liao X, Ma Z, Chen X, Zhong G, Huang M, Zhao X. A long-acting pegylated recombinant human growth hormone (Jintrolong ® ) in healthy adult subjects: Two single-dose trials evaluating safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:640-646. [PMID: 29959799 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Jintrolong® is a pegylated recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) (PEG-rhGH) developed for weekly subcutaneous (sc) injection. The current human tolerability trial and pharmacokinetics (PK) trial evaluated the safety, tolerability and PK of single-dose Jintrolong® injection in healthy adult subjects. METHODS Both trials were single-centre, randomized, open-label and single-dose studies. In the human tolerability trial, 34 healthy subjects were randomized to receive single-dose Jintrolong® sc injection (0.01, 0.06, 0.2, 0.5 or 0.8 mg/kg) or placebo. In the PK study, 30 healthy male subjects were evenly randomized into 3 groups to receive single-dose Jintrolong® sc injection (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg), and the subjects receiving 0.4 mg/kg Jintrolong® were given a single sc injection of conventional rhGH (0.067 mg/kg) after a 14-day washout period. Safety and PK profiles of Jintrolong® were evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Jintrolong® was well tolerated with no serious adverse events or local injection responses. The PK trial showed that the plasma growth hormone concentration elevated quickly and stayed at peak level between 12 and 48 hours post-Jintrolong® injection, then decreased gradually back to baseline within 168 hours. Compared to single-dose conventional rhGH, Jintrolong® at all doses demonstrated significantly longer half time and time to maximum plasma concentration, lower clearance and higher systemic drug exposure, indicating prolonged presence of GH in the subjects' circulation. Additionally, systemic exposure to Jintrolong® increased in a dose-dependent manner. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Single-dose Jintrolong® injection was well tolerated in healthy adult subjects, and the maximum tolerable dose was no lower than 0.8 mg/kg. Jintrolong® was long-acting with the potential for weekly administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guan
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F He
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Wu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Zhao
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Zeng
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Zhong
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Zhao
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Tolerability of Single-Dose Oral LCB01-0371, a Novel Oxazolidinone with Broad-Spectrum Activity, in Healthy Volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00451-18. [PMID: 29712654 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00451-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LCB01-0371 is a novel oxazolidinone with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive pathogens in both in vitro studies and animal infection models. The objectives of this study were to evaluate its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics following single ascending doses. Single oral doses of 600 mg linezolid, a placebo, or LCB01-0371 of between 50 mg and 3,200 mg were tested in 69 healthy male subjects. Blood and urine were sampled, LCB01-0371 concentrations were measured, and the serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers of LCB01-0371 and linezolid were determined. LCB01-0371 was well tolerated up to 2,400 mg. The most common drug-related clinical and laboratory adverse events were nausea with or without vomiting, decreased neutrophil counts, and increased total bilirubin levels. The frequency of adverse events and drug-related adverse events was similar among the treatment groups. The systemic exposure was approximately dose proportional over the range of 50 mg to 800 mg, which includes the anticipated clinical dose. The mean clearance, renal clearance, and volume of distribution were significantly decreased at higher doses (above 800 mg). LCB01-0371 exhibited early bacteriostatic activity against all tested strains except for Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, and the potency of LCB01-0371 at 800 mg was similar to that of linezolid at the therapeutic dose (600 mg). However, LCB01-0371 had less bactericidal activity than linezolid. Taken together, LCB01-0371 was well tolerated, exhibited approximate dose proportionality within the anticipated clinically relevant dose range, and showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity comparable to that of linezolid. These results support the further clinical development of LCB01-0371. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01554995.).
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Zhong CC, Chen F, Yang JL, Jia WW, Li L, Cheng C, Du FF, Zhang SP, Xie CY, Zhang NT, Olaleye OE, Wang FQ, Xu F, Lou LG, Chen DY, Niu W, Li C. Pharmacokinetics and disposition of anlotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in experimental animal species. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1048-1063. [PMID: 29620050 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anlotinib is a new oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor; this study was designed to characterize its pharmacokinetics and disposition. Anlotinib was evaluated in rats, tumor-bearing mice, and dogs and also assessed in vitro to characterize its pharmacokinetics and disposition and drug interaction potential. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anlotinib, having good membrane permeability, was rapidly absorbed with oral bioavailability of 28%-58% in rats and 41%-77% in dogs. Terminal half-life of anlotinib in dogs (22.8±11.0 h) was longer than that in rats (5.1±1.6 h). This difference appeared to be mainly associated with an interspecies difference in total plasma clearance (rats, 5.35±1.31 L·h-1·kg-1; dogs, 0.40±0.06 L·h-1/kg-1). Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism was probably the major elimination pathway. Human CYP3A had the greatest metabolic capability with other human P450s playing minor roles. Anlotinib exhibited large apparent volumes of distribution in rats (27.6±3.1 L/kg) and dogs (6.6±2.5 L/kg) and was highly bound in rat (97%), dog (96%), and human plasma (93%). In human plasma, anlotinib was predominantly bound to albumin and lipoproteins, rather than to α1-acid glycoprotein or γ-globulins. Concentrations of anlotinib in various tissue homogenates of rat and in those of tumor-bearing mouse were significantly higher than the associated plasma concentrations. Anlotinib exhibited limited in vitro potency to inhibit many human P450s, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and transporters, except for CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 (in vitro half maximum inhibitory concentrations, <1 μmol/L). Based on early reported human pharmacokinetics, drug interaction indices were 0.16 for CYP3A4 and 0.02 for CYP2C9, suggesting that anlotinib had a low propensity to precipitate drug interactions on these enzymes. Anlotinib exhibits many pharmacokinetic characteristics similar to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, except for terminal half-life, interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, and plasma protein binding.
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Shapiro GI, Kristeleit RS, Burris HA, LoRusso P, Patel MR, Drew Y, Giordano H, Maloney L, Watkins S, Goble S, Jaw-Tsai S, Xiao JJ. Pharmacokinetic Study of Rucaparib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 8:107-118. [PMID: 29799676 PMCID: PMC6585632 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The phase 1‐2 study CO‐338‐010 (Study 10; NCT01482715) is evaluating single‐agent rucaparib, a poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor, administered orally to patients with an advanced solid tumor. In the dose escalation phase (Part 1), we characterized the single‐dose and steady‐state pharmacokinetic profiles of rucaparib administered once daily (QD; dose range, 40‐500 mg; n = 16) or twice daily (BID; dose range, 240‐840 mg; n = 30). Across all dosing schedules examined, the plasma exposure of rucaparib was approximately dose proportional; half‐life was approximately 17 hours, and median time to maximum concentration (tmax) ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 hours after a single dose and 1.5 to 4.0 hours following repeated dosing. The steady‐state accumulation ratio ranged from 1.60 to 2.33 following QD dosing and 1.47 to 5.44 following BID dosing. No effect of food on rucaparib pharmacokinetics was observed with a single dose of 40 mg (n = 3) or 300 mg (n = 6). In a phase 2 portion of the study (Part 3), the pharmacokinetic profile of rucaparib was further evaluated at the recommended phase 2 dose of 600 mg BID (n = 26). The mean (coefficient of variation) steady‐state maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to 12 hours (AUC0‐12h) were 1940 ng/mL (54%) and 16 900 ng ⋅ h/mL (54%), respectively. A high‐fat meal moderately increased rucaparib exposure. The fed‐to‐fasted geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval [CI]) for AUC0‐24h and Cmax were 138% (117%‐162%) and 120% (99.1%‐146%); the median (90%CI) tmax delay was 2.5 (0.5‐4.4) hours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Manish R Patel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Yvette Drew
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Dennie J, Vandell AG, Inoue S, Gajee R, Pav J, Zhang G, Zamora C, Masuda N, Uchiyama M, Yamada M, Senaldi G. A Phase I, Single-Ascending-Dose Study in Healthy Subjects to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DS-2969b, a Novel GyrB Inhibitor. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58:1557-1565. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Dennie
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; Basking Ridge NJ USA
| | | | | | - Roohi Gajee
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; Basking Ridge NJ USA
| | - Joseph Pav
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; Basking Ridge NJ USA
| | - George Zhang
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; Basking Ridge NJ USA
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Franz DN, Lawson JA, Yapici Z, Brandt C, Kohrman MH, Wong M, Milh M, Wiemer-Kruel A, Voi M, Coello N, Cheung W, Grosch K, French JA. Everolimus dosing recommendations for tuberous sclerosis complex-associated refractory seizures. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1188-1197. [PMID: 29727013 PMCID: PMC6033043 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective The present analysis examined the exposure‐response relationship by means of the predose everolimus concentration (Cmin) and the seizure response in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex–associated seizures in the EXIST‐3 study. Recommendations have been made for the target Cmin range of everolimus for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and the doses necessary to achieve this target Cmin. Methods A model‐based approach was used to predict patients' daily Cmin. Time‐normalized Cmin (TN‐Cmin) was calculated as the average predicted Cmin in a time interval. TN‐Cmin was used to link exposure to efficacy and safety end points via model‐based approaches. A conditional logistic regression stratified by age subgroup was used to estimate the probability of response in relation to exposure. A multiplicative linear regression model was used to estimate the exposure‐response relationship for seizure frequency (SF). An extended Cox regression model was used to link exposure to the time to first adverse event. Results There was a strong, consistent, and highly significant relationship between everolimus exposure and efficacy, measured by TN‐Cmin and SF, regardless of patient's age and concomitant use of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors/inducers. Results of an extended Cox regression analyses indicated that twofold increases in TN‐Cmin were not associated with statistically significant increases in the risk of stomatitis or infections. Significance The recommended TDM is to target everolimus Cmin within a range of 5‐7 ng/mL initially and 5‐15 ng/mL in the event of an inadequate clinical response, and safety is consistent with previous reports. Starting doses depend on age and the concomitant use of CYP3A4/P‐glycoprotein inducers/inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Franz
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John A Lawson
- Tuberous Sclerosis Multidisciplinary Management Clinic, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zuhal Yapici
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Michael H Kohrman
- NeuroDevelopmental Science Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Pediatric Neurology Service, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Maurizio Voi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Neva Coello
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wing Cheung
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Kai Grosch
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Vandell AG, Inoue S, Dennie J, Nagasawa Y, Gajee R, Pav J, Zhang G, Zamora C, Masuda N, Senaldi G. Phase 1 Study To Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Oral Doses of DS-2969b, a Novel GyrB Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e02537-17. [PMID: 29439973 PMCID: PMC5923173 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02537-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DS-2969b is a novel GyrB inhibitor in development for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The aim of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and effects on the normal gastrointestinal microbiota of multiple daily oral ascending doses of DS-2969b in healthy subjects. The study enrolled three sequential ascending-dose cohorts (60 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg). In each cohort, subjects received an oral dose of DS-2969b or placebo (six subjects received DS-2969b, and two received placebo) each morning for 14 days. DS-2969b was safe and well tolerated at all dose levels examined. All adverse events related to DS-2969b were mild and predominantly related to the gastrointestinal tract. DS-2969a (free form of DS-2969b) plasma concentrations increased with increasing doses; however, both the maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased less than dose proportionally. In all cohorts, sufficient fecal levels of DS-2969a were achieved within 24 h following the administration of the first dose and maintained for at least 17 days. Following treatment with DS-2969b, clear reductions in the populations of Clostridium coccoides and Bifidobacterium groups were observed. However, populations of three other bacterial groups examined (Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium leptum, and Prevotella) were not affected. Data from this study support and encourage the further development of DS-2969b as a novel treatment for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin Dennie
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Roohi Gajee
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joe Pav
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | - George Zhang
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Giorgio Senaldi
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
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129
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Zhang H, Zhu X, Li Q, Lou J, Sun J, Shen Z, Chen H, Li X, Wu M, Li C, Liu J, Liu C, Hu Y, Wang J, Chen G, Ding Y, Niu J. Clinical evaluation of efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of yimitasvir phosphate in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:855-864. [PMID: 29630721 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Yimitasvir phosphate, an inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) replication complex of hepatitis C virus (HCV), was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, multiple-dose study. METHODS Twenty-four patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection were randomized to receive a 7-day course of yimitasvir phosphate at daily doses of 30, 100 or 200 mg or placebo. Antiviral efficacy, resistance profile, pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and tolerability were assessed. KEY FINDINGS The maximal reduction in HCV RNA from baseline was 5.17 log10 IU/ml. However, most patients experienced viral rebound on or before day 3 after yimitasvir treatment was initiated. The PK profile revealed median peak plasma concentrations at 4-12 h postdose and a mean terminal half-life of 14.47-17.09 h, the basis for daily dosing. Steady drug state was achieved following 5 days of daily dosing. The accumulation rate was low (1.29-1.73). There were no significant alterations in vital signs and laboratory findings among all participants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that yimitasvir phosphate was well tolerated, and the PK profile supported daily dosing regimens. A 1-week (7-day) treatment course led to a quick and significant reduction in HCV RNA level in this cohort with HCV GT-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinfeng Lou
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jixuan Sun
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenwei Shen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Min Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Chengjiao Liu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Guiling Chen
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Ren LJ, Wu HJ, Sun LH, Xu X, Mo LY, Zhang L, Zhang JY, Wu CY. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of cabozantinib and its metabolite cabozantinib N
-oxide in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4227. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-jie Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Center for Drug Evaluation; China Food and Drug Administration; Beijing China
| | - Hua-jing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Li-han Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Li-ying Mo
- Department of Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Drug Division; Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control; Shandong China
| | - Jun-ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Chun-yong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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131
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Zhang N, Cheng C, Olaleye OE, Sun Y, Li L, Huang Y, Du F, Yang J, Wang F, Shi Y, Xu F, Li Y, Wen Q, Zhang N, Li C. Pharmacokinetics-Based Identification of Potential Therapeutic Phthalides from XueBiJing, a Chinese Herbal Injection Used in Sepsis Management. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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132
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Sloan-Lancaster J, Raddad E, Deeg MA, Eli M, Flynt A, Tumlin J. Evaluation of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy After Single and Multiple Dosings of LY3016859 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 7:759-772. [PMID: 29385323 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two phase 1 studies (TGAA and TGAB) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of LY3016859 (LY), a monoclonal antibody that binds epiregulin and transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), administered intravenously or subcutaneously. In TGAA, 56 healthy subjects received a single dose of LY (0.1-750 mg intravenously, 50 mg subcutaneously) or placebo. In TGAB part A, 15 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) received 2 doses of LY (10-750 mg intravenously) or placebo, and in TGAB part B, 45 patients with DN received 5 doses of LY (50-750 mg intravenously) or placebo. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, anti-LY antibodies, and change in proteinuria and albuminuria were evaluated. Single and multiple doses of LY administered 3 weeks apart were well tolerated. Pharmacokinetics were nonlinear in healthy subjects and patients with DN, indicating target-mediated drug disposition. Epiregulin level increased in both studies, and TGF-α levels increased in the TGAB study, consistent with target engagement; however, LY treatment did not significantly reduce proteinuria or albuminuria in patients with DN. There was no obvious effect of LY on the disease-related biomarkers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, synaptopodin, or transferrin. Although LY administration resulted in a high frequency of anti-LY antibodies, pharmacokinetics, target engagement, and efficacy were not impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyas Raddad
- Chorus, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark A Deeg
- Chorus, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle Eli
- Chorus, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amy Flynt
- PharPoint Research, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
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Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Aminomethylcycline Antibiotic Omadacycline Administered to Healthy Subjects in Oral Multiple-Dose Regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01487-17. [PMID: 29180524 PMCID: PMC5786815 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01487-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Omadacycline, a first-in-class aminomethylcycline antibiotic, is related to tetracyclines but is structurally modified to circumvent mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines. Omadacycline demonstrates potent activity against a broad range of pathogens, including drug-resistant strains, and is in late-stage development for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Previous studies support an intravenous-to-oral transition regimen with 300-mg once-daily oral dosing. This phase 1 study investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability of multiple oral omadacycline doses higher than 300 mg. Using a 3-period crossover design, healthy adults were randomized to receive oral omadacycline at 300, 450, and 600 mg in variable sequence (n = 26) or placebo (n = 7) once daily for 5 consecutive days per period. In plasma, omadacycline maximum concentration and total exposure increased with increasing dose but were less than dose proportional. The kinetics of omadacycline plasma accumulation were similar between dose levels; exposure on day 5 was ∼50% higher than that on day 1. Omadacycline plasma concentrations on day 1 of 450-mg dosing were similar to those on day 5 of 300-mg dosing. All doses were generally well tolerated, but the 600-mg dose was associated with more gastrointestinal adverse events.
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134
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Gong J, Hansen L, Iacono L. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and the Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on a CYP2C19 Substrate, BMS-823778, in Healthy Subjects. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:316-325. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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135
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Gauderat G, Picard-Hagen N, Toutain PL, Servien R, Viguié C, Puel S, Lacroix MZ, Corbel T, Bousquet-Melou A, Gayrard V. Prediction of human prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and bisphenol A glucuronide from an ovine semi-physiological toxicokinetic model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15330. [PMID: 29127374 PMCID: PMC5681680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) risk assessment is hampered by the difficulty of determining the extent of internal exposure in the human fetus and uncertainties regarding BPA toxicokinetics (TK) in the maternal-fetal unit. A feto-maternal TK model describing BPA and BPA glucuronide (BPAG) disposition in sheep was humanized, using human TK data obtained after d6-BPA administration on a cookie, to predict BPA and BPAG kinetics in the human mother-fetus unit. Validation of the model predictions included the assessed dose proportionality of BPA and BPAG disposition and the similarity between the simulated and measured time courses of BPA and BPAG in fetal rhesus monkeys after BPA maternal dosing. The model predicted fluctuations in fetal BPA concentrations associated with typical maternal exposure to BPA through the diet, with similar trough (0.011 ng/L vs 0.014 ng/L) and lower peak BPA concentrations (0.023 ng/L vs 0.14 ng/L) in fetal than in maternal plasma. BPAG concentrations in fetal plasma were predicted to increase over time to reach a steady value (29 ng/L) reflecting the cumulative BPA dose received by the fetus. Model-predicted BPAG concentrations in fetal plasma are consistent with reported levels in human cord blood that may be considered as relevant markers of the BPA dose entering blood throughout fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Gauderat
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France.,Agreenium's International Research School (EIR-A), Paris, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Servien
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Viguié
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Puel
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Tanguy Corbel
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bousquet-Melou
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Gayrard
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse) -ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
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136
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Rauck R, Oh DA, Parikh N, Koch C, Singla N, Yu J, Nalamachu S, Vetticaden S. Pharmacokinetics and safety of fentanyl sublingual spray and fentanyl citrate intravenous: a single ascending dose study in opioid-naïve healthy volunteers. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:1915-1920. [PMID: 28681626 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1352496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fentanyl sublingual spray offers rapid pain relief in opioid-tolerant cancer patients, and may be useful in acute or post-operative pain. Both opioid-naïve and non-tolerant patients are likely to receive opioids in these settings. Understanding the relationship between systemic exposure of fentanyl sublingual spray and effects on respiratory function in opioid-naïve or non-tolerant populations is important to ensure patient safety. This study evaluated single-dose fentanyl sublingual spray in opioid-naïve participants. RESEARCH DESIGN Participants were randomized to receive single-dose fentanyl sublingual spray (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mcg) or fentanyl citrate IV in one of five cohorts. Dosing occurred following a 10-h fast, with fasting continuing for 4 h post-dose. Dose proportionality was assessed using analysis of variance and linear regression techniques. PK assessments and safety monitoring were performed through 24 h post-dose. Safety assessments, including adverse event (AE) monitoring, occurred from dosing through Day 7. RESULTS Fifty participants (19-53 years) received fentanyl sublingual spray or fentanyl citrate IV. Mean maximum plasma concentrations were reached between 0.27-0.60 h post-dose for fentanyl sublingual spray. Peak (Cmax) and total (AUC0-t, AUC0-∞) fentanyl exposures increased in a linear, but more than dose-proportional manner, with higher doses. The most common AEs were somnolence, nausea, and vomiting. All AEs were mild or moderate in severity. Doses at 400, 600, and 800 mcg were associated with nausea and vomiting, requiring pharmacologic intervention. Hypoxia episodes requiring nasal cannula oxygenation were observed with 600mcg and 800mcg doses. CONCLUSIONS Overall, single-dose fentanyl sublingual spray (100-800 mcg) was generally well tolerated, with greater incidences of AEs (e.g. nausea, vomiting, hypoxia) at higher doses. Doses up to 200 mcg may be safely administered to healthy opioid-naïve individuals with routine monitoring; doses between 400-800 mcg may be administered in settings with nasal cannula oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rauck
- a Carolinas Pain Institute , Winston Salem , NC , USA
| | | | - Neha Parikh
- b INSYS Development Company, Inc. , Chandler , AZ , USA
| | | | - Neil Singla
- c Lotus Clinical Research LLC , Pasadena , CA , USA
| | - Jin Yu
- b INSYS Development Company, Inc. , Chandler , AZ , USA
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Scherrer D, Rouzier R, Noel Barrett P, Steens JM, Gineste P, Murphy RL, Tazi J, Ehrlich HJ. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of ABX464, a novel first-in-class compound to treat HIV infection, in healthy HIV-uninfected subjects. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:820-828. [PMID: 27999038 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An anti-HIV compound (ABX464) has been developed with a novel mechanism of activity in that it blocks viral gene expression in cells that are already infected. Objectives A first-in-man study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of ABX464. This was carried out as an open label, parallel group, single ascending dose, exploratory study. Methods Twenty-four male subjects in good health without HIV infection, aged from 18 to 55 years old, with BMIs of 18-27 kg/m 2 were included. A single oral dose of ABX464 (50, 100, 150 or 200 mg) was administered on the morning of day 0 after overnight fasting, with follow-up for 45 days. Safety assessments consisted of vital signs, electrocardiogram, physical examination, laboratory tests and urinalysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for ABX464 and its main metabolite ABX-464- N -glucuronide (ABX464-NGlc). The study was registered at https://www.clinicaltrials (trial number NCT02792686). Results ABX464 was well tolerated; the most frequent related treatment-emergent adverse events were headaches, nausea and vomiting; they were not considered as treatment-limiting effects. ABX464's C max was observed approximately 2 h after administration in all groups. ABX464 was rapidly and substantially metabolized into ABX464-NGlc. The C max of ABX464-NGlc was observed approximately 4 h post-dose and was about 160-fold higher than that of the parent with a much longer t 1/2 (90-110 h). The ratio of metabolite to parent drug was consistent across the complete dose range. Conclusions These studies confirmed that ABX464 is well tolerated and rapidly and substantially metabolized into ABX464-NGlc in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regine Rouzier
- Centre Cap Montpellier, 9 avenue Charles Flahault, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - P Noel Barrett
- Independent Consultant c/o ABIVAX, 5 Rue de la Baume, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Robert L Murphy
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 1058, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jamal Tazi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Malfatti MA, Enright HA, Be NA, Kuhn EA, Hok S, McNerney MW, Lao V, Nguyen TH, Lightstone FC, Carpenter TS, Bennion BJ, Valdez CA. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the oxime acetylcholinesterase reactivator RS194B in guinea pigs. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:159-167. [PMID: 28941624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus-based (OP) nerve agents represent some of the most toxic substances known to mankind. The current standard of care for exposure has changed very little in the past decades, and relies on a combination of atropine to block receptor activity and oxime-type acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators to reverse the OP binding to AChE. Although these oximes can block the effects of nerve agents, their overall efficacy is reduced by their limited capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). RS194B, a new oxime developed by Radic et al. (J. Biol. Chem., 2012) has shown promise for enhanced ability to cross the BBB. To fully assess the potential of this compound as an effective treatment for nerve agent poisoning, a comprehensive evaluation of its pharmacokinetic (PK) and biodistribution profiles was performed using both intravenous and intramuscular exposure routes. The ultra-sensitive technique of accelerator mass spectrometry was used to quantify the compound's PK profile, tissue distribution, and brain/plasma ratio at four dose concentrations in guinea pigs. PK analysis revealed a rapid distribution of the oxime with a plasma t1/2 of ∼1 h. Kidney and liver had the highest concentrations per gram of tissue followed by lung, spleen, heart and brain for all dose concentrations tested. The Cmax in the brain ranged between 0.03 and 0.18% of the administered dose, and the brain-to-plasma ratio ranged from 0.04 at the 10 mg/kg dose to 0.18 at the 200 mg/kg dose demonstrating dose dependent differences in brain and plasma concentrations. In vitro studies show that both passive diffusion and active transport contribute little to RS194B traversal of the BBB. These results indicate that biodistribution is widespread, but very low quantities accumulate in the guinea pig brain, indicating this compound may not be suitable as a centrally active reactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Malfatti
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Heather A Enright
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Nicholas A Be
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Edward A Kuhn
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Saphon Hok
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - M Windy McNerney
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Victoria Lao
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Tuan H Nguyen
- Global Security Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Felice C Lightstone
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Timothy S Carpenter
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Brian J Bennion
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Carlos A Valdez
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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Zhang D, Ma JY, Yang M, Deng M, Liu H. Pharmacokinetic study of methylnaltrexone after single and multiple subcutaneous administrations in healthy Chinese subjects. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:804-808. [PMID: 28776489 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1364449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yi Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huichen Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
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Somlo G, Frankel PH, Arun BK, Ma CX, Garcia AA, Cigler T, Cream LV, Harvey HA, Sparano JA, Nanda R, Chew HK, Moynihan TJ, Vahdat LT, Goetz MP, Beumer JH, Hurria A, Mortimer J, Piekarz R, Sand S, Herzog J, Van Tongeren LR, Ferry-Galow KV, Chen AP, Ruel C, Newman EM, Gandara DR, Weitzel JN. Efficacy of the PARP Inhibitor Veliparib with Carboplatin or as a Single Agent in Patients with Germline BRCA1- or BRCA2-Associated Metastatic Breast Cancer: California Cancer Consortium Trial NCT01149083. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4066-4076. [PMID: 28356425 PMCID: PMC5540749 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to establish the MTD of the poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase inhibitor, veliparib, in combination with carboplatin in germline BRCA1- and BRCA2- (BRCA)-associated metastatic breast cancer (MBC), to assess the efficacy of single-agent veliparib, and of the combination treatment after progression, and to correlate PAR levels with clinical outcome.Experimental Design: Phase I patients received carboplatin (AUC of 5-6, every 21 days), with escalating doses (50-20 mg) of oral twice-daily (BID) veliparib. In a companion phase II trial, patients received single-agent veliparib (400 mg BID), and upon progression, received the combination at MTD. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell PAR and serum veliparib levels were assessed and correlated with outcome.Results: Twenty-seven phase I trial patients were evaluable. Dose-limiting toxicities were nausea, dehydration, and thrombocytopenia [MTD: veliparib 150 mg po BID and carboplatin (AUC of 5)]. Response rate (RR) was 56%; 3 patients remain in complete response (CR) beyond 3 years. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.7 and 18.8 months. The PFS and OS were 5.2 and 14.5 months in the 44 patients in the phase II trial, with a 14% RR in BRCA1 (n = 22) and 36% in BRCA2 (n = 22). One of 30 patients responded to the combination therapy after progression on veliparib. Higher baseline PAR was associated with clinical benefit.Conclusions: Safety and efficacy are encouraging with veliparib alone and in combination with carboplatin in BRCA-associated MBC. Lasting CRs were observed when the combination was administered first in the phase I trial. Further investigation of PAR level association with clinical outcomes is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4066-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Somlo
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Paul H Frankel
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Banu K Arun
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cynthia X Ma
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Agustin A Garcia
- University of Southern California/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Leah V Cream
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joseph A Sparano
- Montefiore Medical Center, Moses & Weuker Divisions, Department of Oncology, Bronx, New York
| | - Rita Nanda
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Helen K Chew
- University of California, Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | | | - Jan H Beumer
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arti Hurria
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, DCTD, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon Sand
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Josef Herzog
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | | | - Katherine V Ferry-Galow
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratories, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Alice P Chen
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, DCTD, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Edward M Newman
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - David R Gandara
- University of California, Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
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141
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Pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of T0001, a newly developed anti-TNFα fusion protein, in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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142
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LaGanke C, Samkoff L, Edwards K, Jung Henson L, Repovic P, Lynch S, Stone L, Mattson D, Galluzzi A, Fisher TL, Reilly C, Winter LA, Leonard JE, Zauderer M. Safety/tolerability of the anti-semaphorin 4D Antibody VX15/2503 in a randomized phase 1 trial. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017. [PMID: 28642891 PMCID: PMC5473956 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of VX15/2503 in a randomized, single-dose, dose-escalation, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolling adult patients with MS. Methods: Single IV doses of VX15/2503 or placebo were administered. Ten patients each were randomized (4:1 randomization ratio) into 5 ascending dose cohorts of 1, 3, 6, 10, or 20 mg/kg. Safety, immunogenicity, PK/PD, MRI, ECG, and lymphocyte subset levels were evaluated. A Dose Escalation Safety Committee (DESC) approved each dose escalation. Results: VX15/2503 was well tolerated, and all participants completed the study. Antibody treatment–related adverse events were primarily grade 1 or 2 and included urinary tract infection (12.5%) and muscle weakness, contusion, and insomnia (each 7.5%). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and no maximum tolerated dose was determined. One subject (20 mg/kg) experienced disease relapse 3 months before study entry and exhibited a grade 3 (nonserious) increase in brain lesions by day 29, possibly related to VX15/2503. Twenty-nine patients exhibited human anti-humanized antibody responses; 5 with titer ≥100. No anti-VX15/2503 antibody responses were fully neutralizing. VX15/2503 Cmax, area under the time-concentration curve, and mean half-life increased with dose level; at 20 mg/kg, the T1/2 was 20 days. Cellular SEMA4D saturation occurred at serum antibody concentrations ≤0.3 μg/mL, resulting in decreased cSEMA4D expression. At 20 mg/kg, cSEMA4D saturation persisted for ≥155 days. Total sSEMA4D levels increased with dose level and declined with antibody clearance. Conclusions: These results support the continued investigation of VX15/2503 in neurodegenerative diseases. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01764737. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that anti-semaphorin 4D antibody VX15/2503 at various doses was safe and well tolerated vs placebo, although an increase in treatment-emergent adverse events in the treatment group could not be excluded (risk difference −0.7%, 95% CI −28.0% to 32.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith Edwards
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Pavle Repovic
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Sharon Lynch
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Lael Stone
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - David Mattson
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Aaron Galluzzi
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | | | | | - John E Leonard
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
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143
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Li J, Liao S, Wang X, Liu Q, Meng F, Zhang W, Zhang T, Yang C, Song X, Luo H, Wang J, Li Z, Zhong B, Zhang Z. A rapid and efficient analytical method for the quantification of a novel anticholinergic compound, R-
phencynonate, by stable isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS and its application to bioavailability and dose proportionality studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Qinghai University School of Medicine; Xining People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Bohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
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144
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Lee J, Kim BH, Yu KS, Kim HS, Kim JD, Cho JY, Lee S, Gu N. A first-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose escalation study of DWP05195, a novel TRPV1 antagonist, in healthy volunteers. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:1301-1313. [PMID: 28479852 PMCID: PMC5411174 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DWP05195 is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist developed for managing pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of DWP05195 in healthy subjects. This was a first-in-human randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS DWP05195 or placebo was administered as a single dose of 10-600 mg in the single-dose study and as 100-400 mg once daily for 8 days in the multiple-dose studies. Each study group consisted of 10 subjects (study drug-to-placebo ratio was 8:2). For pharmacodynamics assessment, the heat pain threshold (HPtr), heat pain tolerance (HPtol), perfusion intensity, and flare area ratio of cutaneous blood flow were measured. Safety and tolerability were evaluated throughout the study. RESULTS The maximum plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to the last measurable time dose-dependently increased. HPtr and HPtol tended to increase more after DWP05195 administration than after placebo administration. HPtr and HPtol tended to dose-dependently increase after administration of DWP05195. Cutaneous blood flow was reduced as the dose of DWP05195 increased during the multiple-dose study. DWP05195 was well tolerated up to 600 and 400 mg single- and multiple-dose administrations, respectively. CONCLUSION The pharmacological activity of DWP05195, measured using HPtr and HPtol, increased as expected in a dose-dependent manner owing to increased systemic exposure, indicating that DWP05195 can be used as a TRPV1 antagonist for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieon Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital
| | - Bo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin
| | - Ji Duck Kim
- Clinical Development Team, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seoul
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital
| | - Namyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dongguk University College of Medicine and Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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145
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McColm J, Brittain C, Suriyapperuma S, Swanson S, Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Foster J, Soon D, Jackson K. Evaluation of single and multiple doses of a novel mGlu2 agonist, a potential antipsychotic therapy, in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1654-1667. [PMID: 28156011 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of a novel mGlu2 agonist were assessed in healthy males. METHODS In two, Phase 1 investigator- and subject-blind, placebo-controlled studies, oral doses of prodrug LY2979165 were evaluated: single doses (20-150 mg, N = 30) and multiple once-daily (QD) doses (20-400 mg; N = 84), using a titration regimen. The plasma and urine PK of LY2979165 and active moiety, 2812223, were measured. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected to determine PK and neurotransmitter levels. Safety parameters were assessed throughout. RESULTS Nausea and vomiting were dose limiting following single doses; dose titration allowed higher doses to be tested over 14 days. The most common adverse events related to LY2979165 were dizziness, vomiting, nausea, somnolence and headache. The plasma PK of 2812223 were approximately linear with minimal accumulation with QD dosing. Conversion of LY2979165 to 2812223 was extensive, with minimal LY2979165 measurable in plasma. There was no effect of food on the PK of LY2979165 and 2812223. After 60 mg LY2979165 single-dose, 2812223 exposure in CSF was approximately 2-6% and plasma exposure and peak concentrations were approximately four-fold higher than the mGlu2 agonist in vitro EC50 value. No consistent effects were observed on CSF neurotransmitter levels. CONCLUSIONS Oral doses of LY2979165 up to 60 mg as a single dose and up to 400 mg given as multiple QD doses, using a titration regimen, were well tolerated with linear PK. Overall, these data support further clinical evaluation of LY2979165.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danny Soon
- Lilly-NUS Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Singapore
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146
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Wang H, Liu H, Liu M, Wang W, Zhu L, Huang H, Hu P, Jiang J. Pharmacokinetics of LBPT and its primary metabolites, as well as tolerability in the first-in-human study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 100:87-93. [PMID: 28057550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LBPT is a novel platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist that is developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the tolerability and safety of LBPT, to investigate the pharmacokinetics of LBPT and its primary metabolites, as well as to assess the food effect on the pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS LBPT was evaluated in 2 clinical studies. The first study was a double blind, placebo-controlled and ascending dose study. Eighty-five healthy Chinese subjects received oral dose of 2, 4, 6, 8, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 225, 300, 400 or 500mg of LBPT or placebo. The pharmacokinetics of LBPT and its primary metabolites were investigated in the last 4 dose cohorts. The tolerability was evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs), physical examinations, 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) and laboratory tests. The second study was an open-label, 2-period cross-over study with a washout interval of 3days. Twelve subjects received 300mg of LBPT after an overnight fasting or a high-fat breakfast. The pharmacokinetics of LBPT in subjects under fasted and fed conditions were compared. RESULTS LBPT was well tolerated up to 500mg-dose and there were no serious AEs in the study. The incidence and severity of AEs were closely related to dose. Following single oral administration of 225, 300, 400 and 500mg of LBPT, plasma Cmax was reached at 0.5h and the mean t1/2 was 0.6-1.6h. Plasma exposure increased with dose escalation but proportionality was not observed. LBPT was eliminated in forms of metabolites and 20-40% of the given dose was recovered in urine. Compared with the subjects under fasting conditions, AUC and Cmax were lower and tmax was delayed in the fed subjects. CONCLUSION LBPT was well tolerated in healthy subjects with a pattern of dose-related AEs. The pharmacokinetics was non-linear and was impacted by food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haihong Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
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147
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Vadhan-Raj S, Abonour R, Goldman JW, Smith DA, Slapak CA, Ilaria RL, Tiu RV, Wang X, Callies S, Cox J, Tuttle JL, Lau YK, Roeland EJ. A first-in-human phase 1 study of a hepcidin monoclonal antibody, LY2787106, in cancer-associated anemia. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:73. [PMID: 28327200 PMCID: PMC5361694 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepcidin plays a central role in iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis. Neutralizing hepcidin with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) may prevent ferroportin internalization, restore iron efflux from cells, and allow transferrin-mediated iron transport to the bone marrow. This multicenter, phase 1 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and efficacy of a fully humanized mAb (LY2787106) with high affinity for hepcidin in cancer patients with anemia. Methods Thirty-three patients with hepcidin levels ≥5 ng/mL received LY2787106 either every 3 weeks (19 patients, dose range 0.3–10 mg/kg) (part A) or weekly (14 patients, dose 10 mg/kg) (part B). LY2787106 PK/PD markers of iron and hematology biology were measured. Results LY2787106 clearance (32 mL/h) and volume of distribution (7.7 L) were independent of dose and time, leading to a dose-proportional increase in concentration with dose. Consistent dose-dependent increases in serum iron, and transferrin saturation were seen at the 3 and 10 mg/kg dose levels, typically peaking within 24 h after LY2787106 administration and returning to baseline by day 8. Conclusions Our findings indicate that LY2787106 was well tolerated in cancer patients with anemia and that targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin pathway by neutralizing hepcidin resulted in transient iron mobilization, thus supporting the role of hepcidin in iron regulation. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01340976 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0427-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Vadhan-Raj
- UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan W Goldman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ramon V Tiu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric J Roeland
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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148
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Yan Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Song J, Chen Y, Wang X, He Y, Qin H, Fang L, Du G. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of coptisine in rats after oral administration by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27957743 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coptisine, one of the main components isolated from Coptidis rhizoma, has been reported to have many beneficial pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemia, neuroprotective and cardioprotective properties. However, to date the information related to the in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) of coptisine is very limited. The purposes of our study are to establish a fast and sensitive quantification method of coptisine using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and evaluate the PK profile of coptisine in rats. The calibration curve for coptisine was linear from 0.78 to 50 ng/mL. After single-dose oral administration of coptisine, the mean peak plasma concentration values for groups treated with 30, 75 and 150 mg/kg doses ranged from 44.15 to 66.89 ng/mL, and the mean area under the concentration-time curve values ranged from 63.24 to 87.97 mg/L h. The absolute bioavailability was calculated to range from 1.87 to 0.52%. Coptisine remained in all analyzed samples at low concentrations after oral administration of 30 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junke Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yucai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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149
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Guérard N, Morand O, Dingemanse J. Lucerastat, an iminosugar with potential as substrate reduction therapy for glycolipid storage disorders: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:9. [PMID: 28088251 PMCID: PMC5237539 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lucerastat, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, has the potential to restore the balance between synthesis and degradation of glycosphingolipids in glycolipid storage disorders such as Gaucher disease and Fabry disease. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral lucerastat were evaluated in two separate randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose studies (SAD and MAD, respectively) in healthy male subjects. METHODS In the SAD study, 31 subjects received placebo or a single oral dose of 100, 300, 500, or 1000 mg lucerastat. Eight additional subjects received two doses of 1000 mg lucerastat or placebo separated by 12 h. In the MAD study, 37 subjects received placebo or 200, 500, or 1000 mg b.i.d. lucerastat for 7 consecutive days. Six subjects in the 500 mg cohort received lucerastat in both absence and presence of food. RESULTS In the SAD study, 15 adverse events (AEs) were reported in ten subjects. Eighteen AEs were reported in 15 subjects in the MAD study, in which the 500 mg dose cohort was repeated because of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values in 4 subjects, not observed in other dose cohorts. No severe or serious AE was observed. No clinically relevant abnormalities regarding vital signs and 12-lead electrocardiograms were observed. Lucerastat Cmax values were comparable between studies, with geometric mean Cmax 10.5 (95% CI: 7.5, 14.7) and 11.1 (95% CI: 8.7, 14.2) μg/mL in the SAD and MAD study, respectively, after 1000 mg lucerastat b.i.d. tmax (0.5 - 4 h) and t1/2 (3.6 - 8.1 h) were also within the same range across dose groups in both studies. Using the Gough power model, dose proportionality was confirmed in the SAD study for Cmax and AUC0-∞, and for AUC0-12 in the MAD study. Fed-to-fasted geometric mean ratio for AUC0-12 was 0.93 (90% CI: 0.80, 1.07) and tmax was the same with or without food, indicating no food effect. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of drug-related AEs did not increase with dose. No serious AEs were reported for any subject. Overall, lucerastat was well tolerated. These results warrant further investigation of substrate reduction therapy with lucerastat in patients with glycolipid storage disorders. SAD study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT02944487 on the 24th of October 2016 (retrospectively registered). MAD study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT02944474 on the 25th of October 2016 (retrospectively registered). TRIAL REGISTRATION A Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Lucerastat in Subjects With Fabry Disease. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02930655 .
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Guérard
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - O. Morand
- Department of Global Clinical Science & Epidemiology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - J. Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Pang H, Xue W, Shi A, Li M, Li Y, Cao G, Yan B, Dong F, Xiao W, He G, Du G, Hu X, Cheng G. Multiple-Ascending-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety Evaluation of Baicalein Chewable Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Clin Drug Investig 2017; 36:713-724. [PMID: 27352310 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Baicalein, a flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a neuroprotective agent under development to treat Parkinson's disease. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of baicalein after a multiple-ascending-dose protocol in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, participants were randomized to receive baicalein (n = 8 per dose regimen) or placebo (n = 2 per dose regimen). Dosing regimens were 200, 400, and 800 mg once daily on days 1 and 10, twice daily on days 3-9. Plasma, urine, and feces samples were assayed for baicalein and its predominant metabolite baicalin using validated HPLC-MS/MS methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed using standard non-compartmental analysis. Dose proportionality was assessed with a method combining equivalence criterion and power model. Drug safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring adverse events and laboratory parameters. RESULTS Thirty-three of 36 enrolled participants completed the study. A total of 44 adverse events occurred in 23 participants. A steady-state concentration of analytes in plasma was achieved on day 8 after repeated dosing. Analytes concentrations and exposure increased with increasing dose. The dose proportionality constant (β) for AUCss of baicalein and baicalin was 0.922 (90 % confidence interval, 0.650-1.195) and 0.942 (90 % confidence interval, 0.539-1.345), respectively. The accumulation index varied from 1.66 to 2.07 for baicalein and from 1.68 to 2.45 for baicalin. CONCLUSION In dose range of 200-800 mg, multiple-dose oral baicalein administration was safe and well tolerated, dose proportionality was inconclusive, and no serious accumulation of baicalein was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixin Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO.LTD, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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