101
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Ellison MA, Gearheart CM, Porter CC, Ambruso DR. IFN-γ alters the expression of diverse immunity related genes in a cell culture model designed to represent maturing neutrophils. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185956. [PMID: 28982143 PMCID: PMC5628906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is approved as a drug to treat chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and osteopetrosis and is also used in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes. Patients with CGD have defects in proteins of the NOX2 NADPH oxidase system. This leads to reduced production of microbicidal ROS by PMNs and recurrent life threatening infections. The goal of this study was to better understand how IFN-γ might support phagocyte function in these diseases, and to obtain information that might expand potential uses for IFN-γ. Neutrophils mature in the bone marrow and then enter the blood where they quickly undergo apoptotic cell death with a half-life of only 5–10 hours. Therefore we reasoned that IFN-γ might exert its effects on neutrophils via prolonged exposure to cells undergoing maturation in the marrow rather than by its brief exposure to short-lived circulating cells. To explore this possibility we made use of PLB-985 cells, a myeloblast-like myeloid cell line that can be differentiated into a mature, neutrophil-like state by treatment with various agents including DMSO. In initial studies we investigated transcription and protein expression in PLB-985 cells undergoing maturation in the presence or absence of IFN-γ. We observed IFN-γ induced differences in expression of genes known to be involved in classical aspects of neutrophil function (transmigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, killing and pattern recognition) as well as genes involved in apoptosis and other mechanisms that regulating neutrophil number. We also observed differences for genes involved in the major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) and MHCII systems whose involvement in neutrophil function is controversial and not well defined. Finally, we observed significant changes in expression of genes encoding guanylate binding proteins (Gbps) that are known to have roles in immunity but which have not as yet been linked to neutrophil function. We propose that changes in the expression within these classes of genes could help explain the immune supportive effects of IFN-γ. Next we explored if the effect of IFN-γ on expression of these genes is dependent on whether the cells are undergoing maturation; to do this we compared the effects of IFN-γ on cells cultured with and without DMSO. For a subset of genes the expression level changes caused by IFN-γ were much greater in maturing cells than non-maturing cells. These findings indicate that developmental changes associated with cell maturation can modulate the effects of IFN-γ but that this is gene specific. Since the effects of IFN-γ depend on whether cells are maturing, the gene expression changes observed in this study must be due to more than just prolonged application of IFN-γ and are instead the result of interplay between cell maturation and changes caused by the chemokine. This supports our hypothesis that the effects of IFN-γ on developing neutrophils in the bone marrow may be very different from its effects on mature cells in the blood. Collectively the findings in this study enhance our understanding of the effects of IFN-γ on maturing myeloid cells and indicate possible mechanisms by which this cytokine could support immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Ellison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christy M. Gearheart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Ambruso
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Transfusion Services, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratories, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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102
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Filio-Rodríguez G, Estrada-García I, Arce-Paredes P, Moreno-Altamirano MM, Islas-Trujillo S, Ponce-Regalado MD, Rojas-Espinosa O. In vivo induction of neutrophil extracellular traps by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a guinea pig model. Innate Immun 2017; 23:625-637. [PMID: 28929912 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917732406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2004, a novel mechanism of cellular death, called 'NETosis', was described in neutrophils. This mechanism, different from necrosis and apoptosis, is characterized by the release of chromatin webs admixed with microbicidal granular proteins and peptides (NETs). NETs trap and kill a variety of microorganisms. Diverse microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are NET inducers in vitro. The aim of this study was to examine whether M. tuberculosis can also induce NETs in vivo and if the NETs are bactericidal to the microorganism. Guinea pigs were intradermally inoculated with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and the production of NETs was investigated at several time points thereafter. NETs were detected as early as 30 min post-inoculation and were clearly evident by 4 h post-inoculation. NETs produced in vivo contained DNA, myeloperoxidase, elastase, histones, ROS and acid-fast bacilli. Viable and heat-killed M. tuberculosis, as well as Mycobacterium bovis BCG were efficient NET inducers, as were unilamellar liposomes prepared with lipids from M. tuberculosis. In vitro, guinea pig neutrophils also produced NETs in response to M. tuberculosis. However, neither the in vivo nor the in vitro-produced NETs were able to kill M. tuberculosis. Nevertheless, in vivo, neutrophils might propitiate recruitment and activation of more efficient microbicidal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Filio-Rodríguez
- 1 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Colonia Santo Tomas, México
| | - Iris Estrada-García
- 1 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Colonia Santo Tomas, México
| | - Patricia Arce-Paredes
- 1 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Colonia Santo Tomas, México
| | - María M Moreno-Altamirano
- 1 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Colonia Santo Tomas, México
| | - Sergio Islas-Trujillo
- 1 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Colonia Santo Tomas, México
| | - M Dolores Ponce-Regalado
- 2 Departamento de Clínicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera a Yahualica, Jalisco, México
| | - Oscar Rojas-Espinosa
- 1 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Colonia Santo Tomas, México
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103
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Carrera-Quintanar L, Funes L, Sánchez-Martos M, Martinez-Peinado P, Sempere JM, Pons A, Micol V, Roche E. Effect of a 2000-m running test on antioxidant and cytokine response in plasma and circulating cells. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:523-530. [PMID: 28730509 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intensity usually correlates with increased oxidative stress and enhanced cytokine production. However, it is unknown if all types of exercise that induce muscle damage can cause a parallel response in the oxidation balance and cytokine production. To this end, the effect of a 2000-m running test in a group of volunteers that regularly train in aerobic routines was studied. Different circulating parameters were measured, oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activity, and cytokine levels in plasma as well as in the main circulating cells of blood samples obtained in basal conditions and after test execution. As a result, the test caused muscle damage evidenced by an increase in circulating creatine kinase and myoglobin. This was accompanied by an increase in protein carbonyls in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, superoxide dismutase) were elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and erythrocytes after the test. Regarding cytokine production, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α exhibited no significant changes after the test. Results suggest that this short but intense running exercise (2000 m) can induce muscle damage and elicit a good balance between oxidant/antioxidant responses with no changes in the circulating concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Lorena Funes
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Martos
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | | | - José M Sempere
- Immunology Division, Biotechnology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Department for Basic Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain.,CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain. .,CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Biología Aplicada e Instituto de Bioingeniería, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda de la Universidad sn., 03202, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
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104
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Abstract
The life span of a neutrophil is a tightly regulated process as extended survival is beneficial for pathogen elimination and cell death necessary to prevent cytotoxic content release from activated neutrophils at the inflammatory site. Therefore, the control between survival and death must be a dynamic process. We have previously described that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which is known as a nuclear protein pivotal in DNA synthesis, is a key element in controlling neutrophil survival through its association with procaspases. Contrary to the dogma which asserted that PCNA has a strictly nuclear function, in mature neutrophils, PCNA is present exclusively within the cytosol due to its nuclear export at the end of the granulocytic differentiation. More recent studies are consistent with the notion that the cytosolic scaffold of PCNA is aimed at modulating neutrophil fate rather than simply preventing death. Ultimately, targeting neutrophil survival might have important applications not just in the field of immunology and inflammation, but also in hematology and transfusion. The neutrophil emerges as a unique and powerful cellular model to unravel the basic mechanisms governing the cell cycle-independent functions of PCNA and should be considered as a leader of the pack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Ohayon
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, Paris, France
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105
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Abstract
The engulfment of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, a process referred to as efferocytosis, is essential for maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis and a prerequisite for the resolution of inflammation. Neutrophils are the predominant circulating white blood cell in humans, and contain an arsenal of toxic substances that kill and degrade microbes. Neutrophils are short-lived and spontaneously die by apoptosis. This review will highlight how the engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils by human phagocytes occurs, how heterogeneity of phagocyte populations influences efferocytosis signaling, and downstream consequences of efferocytosis. The efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages promotes anti-inflammatory signaling, prevents neutrophil lysis, and dampens immune responses. Given the immunomodulatory properties of efferocytosis, understanding pathways that regulate and enhance efferocytosis could be harnessed to combat infection and chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallary C Greenlee-Wacker
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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106
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Naja sputatrix Venom Preconditioning Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury via PLA2/5-LOX/LTB4 Cascade Activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5466. [PMID: 28710425 PMCID: PMC5511148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory preconditioning is a mechanism in which exposure to small doses of inflammatory stimuli prepares the body against future massive insult by activating endogenous protective responses. Phospholipase A2/5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene-B4 (PLA2/5-LOX/LTB4) axis is an important inflammatory signaling pathway. Naja sputatrix (Malayan spitting cobra) venom contains 15% secretory PLA2 of its dry weight. We investigated if Naja sputatrix venom preconditioning (VPC) reduces surgical brain injury (SBI)-induced neuroinflammation via activating PLA2/5-LOX/LTB4 cascade using a partial frontal lobe resection SBI rat model. Naja sputatrix venom sublethal dose was injected subcutaneously for 3 consecutive days prior to SBI. We observed that VPC reduced brain edema and improved neurological function 24 h and 72 h after SBI. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in peri-resection brain tissue was reduced with VPC. Administration of Manoalide, a PLA2 inhibitor or Zileuton, a 5-LOX inhibitor with VPC reversed the protective effects of VPC against neuroinflammation. The current VPC regime induced local skin inflammatory reaction limited to subcutaneous injection site and elicited no other toxic effects. Our findings suggest that VPC reduces neuroinflammation and improves outcomes after SBI by activating PLA2/5-LOX/LTB4 cascade. VPC may be beneficial to reduce post-operative neuroinflammatory complications after brain surgeries.
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107
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Marteyn BS, Burgel PR, Meijer L, Witko-Sarsat V. Harnessing Neutrophil Survival Mechanisms during Chronic Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel Therapeutic Targets to Dampen Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:243. [PMID: 28713772 PMCID: PMC5492487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than two decades after cloning the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, the defective gene in cystic fibrosis (CF), we still do not understand how dysfunction of this ion channel causes lung disease and the tremendous neutrophil burden which persists within the airways; nor why chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa develops in CF patients who are thought to be immunocompetent. It appears that the microenvironment within the lung of CF patients provides favorable conditions for both P. aeruginosa colonization and neutrophil survival. In this context, the ability of bacteria to induce hypoxia, which in turn affects neutrophil survival is an additional level of complexity that needs to be accounted for when controlling neutrophil fate in CF. Recent studies have underscored the importance of neutrophils in innate immunity and their functions appear to extend far beyond their well-described role in antibacterial defense. Perhaps a disturbance in neutrophil reprogramming during the course of an infection severely modulates the inflammatory response in CF. Furthermore there is an emerging concept that the CFTR itself may be an immune modulator and stimulating CFTR function in CF patients could promote neutrophil and macrophages antimicrobial function. Fostering the resolution of inflammation by favoring neutrophil apoptosis could preserve their microbicidal activities but decrease their proinflammatory potential. In this context, triggering neutrophil apoptosis with roscovitine may be a potential therapeutic option and this is currently being evaluated in CF patients. In the present review we discuss how neutrophils functions are disturbed in CF and how this may relate to chronic infection with P. aeuginosa and we propose novel research directions aimed at modulating neutrophil survival, dampening lung inflammation and ultimately leading to an amelioration of the lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît S Marteyn
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut PasteurParis, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U12021202Paris, France.,Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.,Pneumology Department, Hôpital CochinParis, France
| | | | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016, Institut CochinParis, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 8104Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex InflamexParis, France
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108
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Glycolysis regulates the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing hosts through prevention of ROS-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2779. [PMID: 28492541 PMCID: PMC5520713 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy aiming to rescue or boost antitumor immunity is an emerging strategy for treatment of cancers. The efficacy of immunotherapy is strongly controlled by the immunological milieu of cancer patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous immature myeloid cell populations with immunosuppressive functions accumulating in individuals during tumor progression. The signaling mechanisms of MDSC activation have been well studied. However, there is little known about the metabolic status of MDSCs and the physiological role of their metabolic reprogramming. In this study, we discovered that myeloid cells upregulated their glycolytic genes when encountered with tumor-derived factors. MDSCs exhibited higher glycolytic rate than their normal cell compartment did, which contributed to the accumulation of the MDSCs in tumor-bearing hosts. Upregulation of glycolysis prevented excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by MDSCs, which protected MDSCs from apoptosis. Most importantly, we identified the glycolytic metabolite, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), as a vital antioxidant agent able to prevent excess ROS production and therefore contributed to the survival of MDSCs. These findings suggest that glycolytic metabolites have important roles in the modulation of fitness of MDSCs and could be potential targets for anti-MDSC strategy. Targeting MDSCs with analogs of specific glycolytic metabolites, for example, 2-phosphoglycerate or PEP may diminish the accumulation of MDSCs and reverse the immunosuppressive milieu in tumor-bearing individuals.
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109
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Schneider C, Wicki S, Graeter S, Timcheva TM, Keller CW, Quast I, Leontyev D, Djoumerska-Alexieva IK, Käsermann F, Jakob SM, Dimitrova PA, Branch DR, Cummings RD, Lünemann JD, Kaufmann T, Simon HU, von Gunten S. IVIG regulates the survival of human but not mouse neutrophils. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1296. [PMID: 28465620 PMCID: PMC5430961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are purified IgG preparations made from the pooled plasma from thousands of healthy donors and are being tested in preclinical mouse models. Inherent challenges, however, are the pluripotency of IVIG and its xenogeneicity in animals. IVIG can alter the viability of human neutrophils via agonistic antibodies to Fas and Siglec-9. In this study, we compared the effects of IVIG on human and mouse neutrophils using different death assays. Different commercial IVIG preparations similarly induced cytokine-dependent death in human neutrophils, whereas they had no effects on the survival of either peripheral blood or bone marrow neutrophils from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice. F(ab’)2 but not Fc fragments of IVIG induced death of human neutrophils, whereas neither of these IVIG fragments, nor agonistic monoclonal antibodies to human Fas or Siglec-9 affected the viability of mouse neutrophils. Pooled mouse IgG, which exhibited a different immunoprofile compared to IVIG, also had no effect on mouse cells. Together, these observations demonstrate that effects of IVIG on neutrophil survival are not adequately reflected in current mouse models, despite the key role of these cells in human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Wicki
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Graeter
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian W Keller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isaak Quast
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danila Leontyev
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iglika K Djoumerska-Alexieva
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Stephan M Jakob
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petya A Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Donald R Branch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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110
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Martinez NE, Zimmermann TJ, Goosmann C, Alexander T, Hedberg C, Ziegler S, Zychlinsky A, Waldmann H. Tetrahydroisoquinolines: New Inhibitors of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:888-893. [PMID: 28240414 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived leukocytes that migrate to sites of infection as part of the acute immune response, where they phagocytose, degranulate, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). During NET formation, the nuclear lobules of neutrophils disappear and the chromatin expands and, accessorized with neutrophilic granule proteins, is expelled. NETs can be pathogenic in, for example, sepsis, cancer, and autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the identification of inhibitors of NET formation is of great interest. Screening of a focused library of natural-product-inspired compounds by using a previously validated phenotypic NET assay identified a group of tetrahydroisoquinolines as new NET formation inhibitors. This compound class opens up new avenues for the study of cellular death through NET formation (NETosis) at different stages, and might inspire new medicinal chemistry programs aimed at NET-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Martinez
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Lehrbereich Chem. Biologie, Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias J Zimmermann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Lehrbereich Chem. Biologie, Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Goosmann
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hedberg
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Umeå University, KBC, C4, Linnaeus väg 10, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Lehrbereich Chem. Biologie, Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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111
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Scordo JM, Arcos J, Kelley HV, Diangelo L, Sasindran SJ, Youngmin E, Wewers MD, Wang SH, Balada-Llasat JM, Torrelles JB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Fragments Released upon Bacterial Contact with the Human Lung Mucosa Alter the Neutrophil Response to Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:307. [PMID: 28373877 PMCID: PMC5357626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the World Health Organization reported that one person dies of tuberculosis (TB) every 21 s. A host environment that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) finds during its route of infection is the lung mucosa bathing the alveolar space located in the deepest regions of the lungs. We published that human lung mucosa, or alveolar lining fluid (ALF), contains an array of hydrolytic enzymes that can significantly alter the M.tb surface during infection by cleaving off parts of its cell wall. This interaction results in two different outcomes: modifications on the M.tb cell wall surface and release of M.tb cell wall fragments into the environment. Typically, one of the first host immune cells at the site of M.tb infection is the neutrophil. Neutrophils can mount an extracellular and intracellular innate immune response to M.tb during infection. We hypothesized that exposure of neutrophils to ALF-induced M.tb released cell wall fragments would prime neutrophils to control M.tb infection better. Our results show that ALF fragments activate neutrophils leading to an increased production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative radicals. However, neutrophil exposure to these fragments reduces production of chemoattractants (i.e., interleukin-8), and degranulation, with the subsequent reduction of myeloperoxidase release, and does not induce cytotoxicity. Unexpectedly, these ALF fragment-derived modulations in neutrophil activity do not further, either positively or negatively, contribute to the intracellular control of M.tb growth during infection. However, secreted products from neutrophils primed with ALF fragments are capable of regulating the activity of resting macrophages. These results indicate that ALF-induced M.tb fragments could further contribute to the control of M.tb growth and local killing by resident neutrophils by switching on the total oxidative response and limiting migration of neutrophils to the infection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Scordo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Jesús Arcos
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Holden V Kelley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Lauren Diangelo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Smitha J Sasindran
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Ellie Youngmin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Division, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Shu-Hua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | | | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
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112
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Tai TW, Chen CY, Su FC, Tu YK, Tsai TT, Lin CF, Jou IM. Reactive oxygen species are required for zoledronic acid-induced apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44245. [PMID: 28281643 PMCID: PMC5345019 DOI: 10.1038/srep44245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors to reduce bone resorption is an important strategy to treat osteoclast-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, inflammatory bone loss, and malignant bone metastasis. However, the mechanism by which apoptosis is induced in the osteoclasts and their precursors are not completely understood. Here, we used nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) to induce cell apoptosis in human and murine osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. Caspase-3-mediated cell apoptosis occurred following the ZA (100 μM) treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also generated in a time-dependent manner. Following knock-down of the p47phox expression, which is required for ROS activation, or co-treatment with the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, ZA-induced apoptosis was significantly suppressed in both osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. The ROS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways did not trigger cell apoptosis. However, a ROS-regulated Mcl-1 decrease simultaneously with glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β promoted cell apoptosis. These findings show that ZA induces apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells by triggering ROS- and GSK-3β-mediated Mcl-1 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Tai
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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113
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Solier S, Fontenay M, Vainchenker W, Droin N, Solary E. Non-apoptotic functions of caspases in myeloid cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1337-1347. [PMID: 28211870 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtle caspase activation is associated with the differentiation of several myeloid lineages. A tightly orchestrated dance between caspase-3 activation and the chaperone HSP70 that migrates to the nucleus to protect the master regulator GATA-1 from cleavage transiently occurs in basophilic erythroblasts and may prepare nucleus and organelle expel that occurs at the terminal phase of erythroid differentiation. A spatially restricted activation of caspase-3 occurs in maturing megakaryocytes to promote proplatelet maturation and platelet shedding in the bloodstream. In a situation of acute platelet need, caspase-3 could be activated in response to IL-1α and promote megakaryocyte rupture. In peripheral blood monocytes, colony-stimulating factor-1 provokes the formation of a molecular platform in which caspase-8 is activated, which downregulates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity and activates downstream caspases whose target fragments such as those generated by nucleophosmin (NPM1) cleavage contribute to the generation of resting macrophages. Human monocytes secrete mature IL-1β in response to lipopolysaccharide through an alternative inflammasome activation that involves caspase-8, a pathway that does not lead to cell death. Finally, active caspase-3 is part of the proteases contained in secretory granules of mast cells. Many questions remain on how these proteases are activated in myeloid cell lineages, which target proteins are cleaved, whereas other are protected from proteolysis, the precise role of cleaved proteins in cell differentiation and functions, and the link between these non-apoptotic functions of caspases and the death of these diverse cell types. Better understanding of these functions may generate therapeutic strategies to control cytopenias or modulate myeloid cell functions in various pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Solier
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Inserm U1170, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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114
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Role of granule proteases in the life and death of neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:473-481. [PMID: 28212734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute a crucial component of the innate immune defenses against microbes. Produced in the bone marrow and patrolling in blood vessels, neutrophils are recruited to injured tissues and are immediately active to contain pathogen invasion. Neutrophils undergo programmed cell death by multiple, context-specific pathways, which have consequences on immunopathology and disease outcome. Studies in the last decade indicate additional functions for neutrophils - or a subset of neutrophils - in modulating adaptive responses and tumor progression. Neutrophil granules contain abundant amounts of various proteases, which are directly implicated in protective and pathogenic functions of neutrophils. It now emerges that neutral serine proteases such as cathepsin G and proteinase-3 also contribute to the neutrophil life cycle, but do so via different pathways than that of the aspartate protease cathepsin D and that of mutants of the serine protease elastase. The aim of this review is to appraise the present knowledge of the function of neutrophil granule proteases and their inhibitors in neutrophil cell death, and to integrate these findings in the current understandings of neutrophil life cycle and programmed cell death pathways.
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115
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Luehong N, Khaowmek J, Wongsawan K, Chuammitri P. Preferential pattern of mouse neutrophil cell death in response to various stimulants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:513-524. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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116
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Ecker S, Chen L, Pancaldi V, Bagger FO, Fernández JM, Carrillo de Santa Pau E, Juan D, Mann AL, Watt S, Casale FP, Sidiropoulos N, Rapin N, Merkel A, Stunnenberg HG, Stegle O, Frontini M, Downes K, Pastinen T, Kuijpers TW, Rico D, Valencia A, Beck S, Soranzo N, Paul DS. Genome-wide analysis of differential transcriptional and epigenetic variability across human immune cell types. Genome Biol 2017; 18:18. [PMID: 28126036 PMCID: PMC5270224 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy immune system requires immune cells that adapt rapidly to environmental challenges. This phenotypic plasticity can be mediated by transcriptional and epigenetic variability. Results We apply a novel analytical approach to measure and compare transcriptional and epigenetic variability genome-wide across CD14+CD16− monocytes, CD66b+CD16+ neutrophils, and CD4+CD45RA+ naïve T cells from the same 125 healthy individuals. We discover substantially increased variability in neutrophils compared to monocytes and T cells. In neutrophils, genes with hypervariable expression are found to be implicated in key immune pathways and are associated with cellular properties and environmental exposure. We also observe increased sex-specific gene expression differences in neutrophils. Neutrophil-specific DNA methylation hypervariable sites are enriched at dynamic chromatin regions and active enhancers. Conclusions Our data highlight the importance of transcriptional and epigenetic variability for the key role of neutrophils as the first responders to inflammatory stimuli. We provide a resource to enable further functional studies into the plasticity of immune cells, which can be accessed from: http://blueprint-dev.bioinfo.cnio.es/WP10/hypervariability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1156-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ecker
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederik O Bagger
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.,National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - José María Fernández
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Carrillo de Santa Pau
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Juan
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice L Mann
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Stephen Watt
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Francesco Paolo Casale
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nikos Sidiropoulos
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Rapin
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angelika Merkel
- National Center for Genomic Analysis (CNAG), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.,National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.,National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield, Montreal, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Location H7-230, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105AX, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Rico
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Beck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Dirk S Paul
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. .,Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
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117
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Hasegawa-Moriyama M, Mukaihara K, Yamada T, Kuwaki T, Kanmura Y. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Ion Channel Facilitates Acute Inflammation Induced by Surgical Incision in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ojanes.2017.75014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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118
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Díaz FE, Dantas E, Cabrera M, Benítez CA, Delpino MV, Duette G, Rubione J, Sanjuan N, Trevani AS, Geffner J. Fever-range hyperthermia improves the anti-apoptotic effect induced by low pH on human neutrophils promoting a proangiogenic profile. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2437. [PMID: 27787523 PMCID: PMC5133997 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils have the shortest lifespan among leukocytes and usually die via apoptosis, limiting their deleterious potential. However, this tightly regulated cell death program can be modulated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), and inflammatory cytokines. We have previously reported that low pH, a hallmark of inflammatory processes and solid tumors, moderately delays neutrophil apoptosis. Here we show that fever-range hyperthermia accelerates the rate of neutrophil apoptosis at neutral pH but markedly increases neutrophil survival induced by low pH. Interestingly, an opposite effect was observed in lymphocytes; hyperthermia plus low pH prevents lymphocyte activation and promotes the death of lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines. Analysis of the mechanisms through which hyperthermia plus low pH increased neutrophil survival revealed that hyperthermia further decreases cytosolic pH induced by extracellular acidosis. The fact that two Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitors, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) and amiloride, reproduced the effects induced by hyperthermia suggested that it prolongs neutrophil survival by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiporter. The neutrophil anti-apoptotic effect induced by PAMPs, DAMPs, and inflammatory cytokines usually leads to the preservation of the major neutrophil effector functions such as phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In contrast, our data revealed that the anti-apoptotic effect induced by low pH and hyperthermia induced a functional profile characterized by a low phagocytic activity, an impairment in ROS production and a high ability to suppress T-cell activation and to produce the angiogenic factors VEGF, IL-8, and the matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). These results suggest that acting together fever and local acidosis might drive the differentiation of neutrophils into a profile able to promote both cancer progression and tissue repair during the late phase of inflammation, two processes that are strongly dependent on the local production of angiogenic factors by infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Erra Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza A Benítez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Duette
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Rubione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Sanjuan
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S Trevani
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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119
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Ohayon D, De Chiara A, Chapuis N, Candalh C, Mocek J, Ribeil JA, Haddaoui L, Ifrah N, Hermine O, Bouillaud F, Frachet P, Bouscary D, Witko-Sarsat V. Cytoplasmic proliferating cell nuclear antigen connects glycolysis and cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35561. [PMID: 27759041 PMCID: PMC5069676 DOI: 10.1038/srep35561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a scaffolding protein involved in DNA replication, has been described as a key element in survival of mature neutrophil granulocytes, which are non-proliferating cells. Herein, we demonstrated an active export of PCNA involved in cell survival and chemotherapy resistance. Notably, daunorubicin-resistant HL-60 cells (HL-60R) have a prominent cytosolic PCNA localization due to increased nuclear export compared to daunorubicin-sensitive HL-60 cells (HL-60S). By interacting with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a protein involved in NAD biosynthesis, PCNA coordinates glycolysis and survival, especially in HL-60R cells. These cells showed a dramatic increase in intracellular NAD+ concentration as well as glycolysis including increased expression and activity of hexokinase 1 and increased lactate production. Furthermore, this functional activity of cytoplasmic PCNA was also demonstrated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our data uncover a novel pathway of nuclear export of PCNA that drives cell survival by increasing metabolism flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ohayon
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Alessia De Chiara
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Céline Candalh
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Julie Mocek
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Ribeil
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lamya Haddaoui
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France.,Hematology Department CHU &UMR INSERM U892/CNRS6299, Université d'Angers, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Necker Hospital Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), France.,INSERM UMR1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Frachet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre Etude Atomique, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Bouscary
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
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120
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Boldenow E, Gendrin C, Ngo L, Bierle C, Vornhagen J, Coleman M, Merillat S, Armistead B, Whidbey C, Alishetti V, Santana-Ufret V, Ogle J, Gough M, Srinouanprachanh S, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Bansal A, Liggitt HD, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Group B Streptococcus circumvents neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps during amniotic cavity invasion and preterm labor. Sci Immunol 2016; 1:1/4/eaah4576. [PMID: 27819066 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aah4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) is associated with the majority of early preterm births, the temporal events that occur during MIAC and preterm labor are not known. Group B Streptococci (GBS) are β-hemolytic, gram-positive bacteria, which commonly colonize the vagina but have been recovered from the amniotic fluid in preterm birth cases. To understand temporal events that occur during MIAC, we utilized a unique chronically catheterized nonhuman primate model that closely emulates human pregnancy. This model allows monitoring of uterine contractions, timing of MIAC and immune responses during pregnancy-associated infections. Here, we show that adverse outcomes such as preterm labor, MIAC, and fetal sepsis were observed more frequently during infection with hemolytic GBS when compared to nonhemolytic GBS. Although MIAC was associated with systematic progression in chorioamnionitis beginning with chorionic vasculitis and progressing to neutrophilic infiltration, the ability of the GBS hemolytic pigment toxin to induce neutrophil cell death and subvert killing by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in placental membranes in vivo facilitated MIAC and fetal injury. Furthermore, compared to maternal neutrophils, fetal neutrophils exhibit decreased neutrophil elastase activity and impaired phagocytic functions to GBS. Collectively, our studies demonstrate how a unique bacterial hemolytic lipid toxin enables GBS to circumvent neutrophils and NETs in placental membranes to induce fetal injury and preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Boldenow
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Claire Gendrin
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lisa Ngo
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Craig Bierle
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean Merillat
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Blair Armistead
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher Whidbey
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Varchita Alishetti
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Veronica Santana-Ufret
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gough
- Washington National Primate Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sengkeo Srinouanprachanh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aasthaa Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - H Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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121
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Wang X, He Z, Liu H, Yousefi S, Simon HU. Neutrophil Necroptosis Is Triggered by Ligation of Adhesion Molecules following GM-CSF Priming. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4090-4100. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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122
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Kinkead LC, Allen LAH. Multifaceted effects of Francisella tularensis on human neutrophil function and lifespan. Immunol Rev 2016; 273:266-81. [PMID: 27558340 PMCID: PMC5000853 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis in an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes a potentially lethal disease called tularemia. Studies performed nearly 100 years ago revealed that neutrophil accumulation in infected tissues correlates directly with the extent of necrotic damage during F. tularensis infection. However, the dynamics and details of bacteria-neutrophil interactions have only recently been studied in detail. Herein, we review current understanding regarding the mechanisms that recruit neutrophils to F. tularensis-infected lungs, opsonization and phagocytosis, evasion and inhibition of neutrophil defense mechanisms, as well as the ability of F. tularensis to prolong neutrophil lifespan. In addition, we discuss distinctive features of the bacterium, including its ability to act at a distance to alter overall neutrophil responsiveness to exogenous stimuli, and the evidence which suggests that macrophages and neutrophils play distinct roles in tularemia pathogenesis, such that macrophages are major vehicles for intracellular growth and dissemination, whereas neutrophils drive tissue destruction by dysregulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Kinkead
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lee-Ann H. Allen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242
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123
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Sun K, Yajjala VK, Bauer C, Talmon GA, Fischer KJ, Kielian T, Metzger DW. Nox2-derived oxidative stress results in inefficacy of antibiotics against post-influenza S. aureus pneumonia. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1851-64. [PMID: 27526712 PMCID: PMC4995072 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocyte oxidative burst is the primary source of lethal lung injury during influenza and MRSA coinfection. Clinical post-influenza Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is characterized by extensive lung inflammation associated with severe morbidity and mortality even after appropriate antibiotic treatment. In this study, we show that antibiotics rescue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2)–deficient mice but fail to fully protect WT animals from influenza and S. aureus coinfection. Further experiments indicate that the inefficacy of antibiotics against coinfection is attributable to oxidative stress–associated inflammatory lung injury. However, Nox2-induced lung damage during coinfection was not associated with aggravated inflammatory cytokine response or cell infiltration but rather caused by reduced survival of myeloid cells. Specifically, oxidative stress increased necrotic death of inflammatory cells, thereby resulting in lethal damage to surrounding tissue. Collectively, our results demonstrate that influenza infection disrupts the delicate balance between Nox2-dependent antibacterial immunity and inflammation. This disruption leads to not only increased susceptibility to S. aureus infection, but also extensive lung damage. Importantly, we show that combination treatment of antibiotic and NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly improved animal survival from coinfection. These findings suggest that treatment strategies that target both bacteria and oxidative stress will significantly benefit patients with influenza-complicated S. aureus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keer Sun
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Vijaya Kumar Yajjala
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Christopher Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Karl J Fischer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Dennis W Metzger
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
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124
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Jung S, Li C, Duan J, Lee S, Kim K, Park Y, Yang Y, Kim KI, Lim JS, Cheon CI, Kang YS, Lee MS. TRIP-Br1 oncoprotein inhibits autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis under nutrient/serum-deprived condition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29060-75. [PMID: 26334958 PMCID: PMC4745711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIP-Br1 oncogenic protein has been shown to have multiple biological functions in cells. In this study, we demonstrate that TRIP-Br1 functions as an oncoprotein by inhibiting autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis of cancer cells and eventually helping them to survive under the nutrient/serum starved condition. TRIP-Br1 expression level was significantly increased in conditions with low levels of nutrients. Nutrient depleted conditions were induced by culturing cancer cells until they were overcrowded with high cell density or in media deprived of glucose, amino acids, or serum. Among them, serum starvation significantly enhanced the expression of TRIP-Br1 only in all tested breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, T47D, MDA-MB-435, Hs578D, BT549, and MDA-MB-435) but not in the three normal cell lines (MCF10A, HfCH8, and NIH3T3). As compared with the control cells, the introduction of TRIP-Br1 silencing siRNA into MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells accelerated cell death by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis. In this process, TRIP-Br1 confers resistance to serum starvation-induced cell deaths by stabilizing the XIAP protein and inhibiting cellular ROS production. Moreover, our data also show that the intracellular increase of TRIP-Br1 protein resulting from serum starvation seems to occur in part through the blockage of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samil Jung
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Chengping Li
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Soonduck Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Kyeri Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Yeonji Park
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Keun-Il Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Chung-Il Cheon
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
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125
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Malachowa N, Kobayashi SD, Quinn MT, DeLeo FR. NET Confusion. Front Immunol 2016; 7:259. [PMID: 27446089 PMCID: PMC4923183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are arguably the most important white blood cell for defense against bacterial and fungal infections. These leukocytes are produced in high numbers on a daily basis in humans and are recruited rapidly to injured/infected tissues. Phagocytosis and subsequent intraphagosomal killing and digestion of microbes have historically been the accepted means by which neutrophils carry out their role in innate host defense. Indeed, neutrophils contain and produce numerous cytotoxic molecules, including antimicrobial peptides, proteases, and reactive oxygen species, that are highly effective at killing the vast majority of ingested microbes. On the other hand, it is these characteristics - high numbers and toxicity - that endow neutrophils with the potential to injure and destroy host tissues. This potential is borne out by many inflammatory processes and diseases. Therefore, it is not surprising that host mechanisms exist to control virtually all steps in the neutrophil activation process and to prevent unintended neutrophil activation and/or lysis during the resolution of inflammatory responses or during steady-state turnover. The notion that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) form by cytolysis as a standard host defense mechanism seems inconsistent with these aforementioned neutrophil "containment" processes. It is with this caveat in mind that we provide perspective on the role of NETs in human host defense and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malachowa
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT , USA
| | - Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT , USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University , Bozeman, MT , USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT , USA
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126
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Le Blon D, Hoornaert C, Detrez JR, Bevers S, Daans J, Goossens H, De Vos WH, Berneman Z, Ponsaerts P. Immune remodelling of stromal cell grafts in the central nervous system: therapeutic inflammation or (harmless) side-effect? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2846-2852. [PMID: 27320821 DOI: 10.1002/term.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, several cell types with fibroblast-like morphology, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, but also other adult, embryonic and extra-embryonic fibroblast-like cells, have been brought forward in the search for cellular therapies to treat severe brain injuries and/or diseases. Although current views in regenerative medicine are highly focused on the immune modulating and regenerative properties of stromal cell transplantation in vivo, many open questions remain regarding their true mode of action. In this perspective, this study integrates insights gathered over the past 10 years to formulate a unifying model of the cellular events that accompany fibroblast-like cell grafting in the rodent brain. Cellular interactions are discussed step-by-step, starting from the day of implantation up to 10 days after transplantation. During the short period that precedes stable settlement of autologous/syngeneic stromal cell grafts, there is a complex interplay between hypoxia-mediated cell death of grafted cells, neutrophil invasion, microglia and macrophage recruitment, astrocyte activation and neo-angiogenesis within the stromal cell graft site. Consequently, it is speculated that regenerative processes following cell therapeutic intervention in the CNS are not only modulated by soluble factors secreted by grafted stromal cells (bystander hypothesis), but also by in vivo inflammatory processes following stromal cell grafting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Le Blon
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan R Detrez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Cell Systems and Cellular Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sanne Bevers
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jasmijn Daans
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Cell Systems and Cellular Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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127
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Peptidoglycan from the gut microbiota governs the lifespan of circulating phagocytes at homeostasis. Blood 2016; 127:2460-71. [PMID: 26989200 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-675173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of myeloid cell homeostasis requires continuous turnover of phagocytes from the bloodstream, yet whether environmental signals influence phagocyte longevity in the absence of inflammation remains unknown. Here, we show that the gut microbiota regulates the steady-state cellular lifespan of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, the 2 most abundant circulating myeloid cells and key contributors to inflammatory responses. Treatment of mice with broad-spectrum antibiotics, or with the gut-restricted aminoglycoside neomycin alone, accelerated phagocyte turnover and increased the rates of their spontaneous apoptosis. Metagenomic analyses revealed that neomycin altered the abundance of intestinal bacteria bearing γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid, a ligand for the intracellular peptidoglycan sensor Nod1. Accordingly, signaling through Nod1 was both necessary and sufficient to mediate the stimulatory influence of the flora on myeloid cell longevity. Stimulation of Nod1 signaling increased the frequency of lymphocytes in the murine intestine producing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17A (IL-17A), and liberation of IL-17A was required for transmission of Nod1-dependent signals to circulating phagocytes. Together, these results define a mechanism through which intestinal microbes govern a central component of myeloid homeostasis and suggest perturbations of commensal communities can influence steady-state regulation of cell fate.
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128
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Spengler J, Lugonja B, Ytterberg AJ, Zubarev RA, Creese AJ, Pearson MJ, Grant MM, Milward M, Lundberg K, Buckley CD, Filer A, Raza K, Cooper PR, Chapple IL, Scheel-Toellner D. Release of Active Peptidyl Arginine Deiminases by Neutrophils Can Explain Production of Extracellular Citrullinated Autoantigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:3135-45. [PMID: 26245941 PMCID: PMC4832324 DOI: 10.1002/art.39313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective In the majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antibodies specifically recognize citrullinated autoantigens that are generated by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Neutrophils express high levels of PAD and accumulate in the synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients during disease flares. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that neutrophil cell death, induced by either NETosis (extrusion of genomic DNA–protein complexes known as neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs]) or necrosis, can contribute to production of autoantigens in the inflamed joint. Methods Extracellular DNA was quantified in the SF of patients with RA, patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Release of PAD from neutrophils was investigated by Western blotting, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence staining, and PAD activity assays. PAD2 and PAD4 protein expression, as well as PAD enzymatic activity, were assessed in the SF of patients with RA and those with OA. Results Extracellular DNA was detected at significantly higher levels in RA SF than in OA SF (P < 0.001) or PsA SF (P < 0.05), and its expression levels correlated with neutrophil concentrations and PAD activity in RA SF. Necrotic neutrophils released less soluble extracellular DNA compared to NETotic cells in vitro (P < 0.05). Higher PAD activity was detected in RA SF than in OA SF (P < 0.05). The citrullinated proteins PAD2 and PAD4 were found attached to NETs and also freely diffused in the supernatant. PAD enzymatic activity was detected in supernatants of neutrophils undergoing either NETosis or necrosis. Conclusion Release of active PAD isoforms into the SF by neutrophil cell death is a plausible explanation for the generation of extracellular autoantigens in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Spengler
- Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Božo Lugonja
- Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Jimmy Ytterberg
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mark J Pearson
- Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Karin Lundberg
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis, University of Birmingham, and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis, University of Birmingham, and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis, University of Birmingham, and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Dagmar Scheel-Toellner
- Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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129
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McCracken JM, Kinkead LC, McCaffrey RL, Allen LAH. Francisella tularensis Modulates a Distinct Subset of Regulatory Factors and Sustains Mitochondrial Integrity to Impair Human Neutrophil Apoptosis. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:299-313. [PMID: 26906922 DOI: 10.1159/000443882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a disease characterized by profound neutrophil accumulation and tissue destruction. The causative organism, Francisella tularensis, is a facultative intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil cytosol, inhibits caspase activation and profoundly prolongs cell lifespan. Here, we identify unique features of this infection and provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition. Mitochondria are critical regulators of neutrophil apoptosis. We demonstrate that F. tularensis significantly inhibits Bax translocation and Bid processing during 24-48 h of infection, and in this manner sustains mitochondrial integrity. Downstream of mitochondria, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibit caspase-9 and caspase-3 by direct binding. Notably, we find that PCNA disappeared rapidly and selectively from infected cells, thereby demonstrating that it is not essential for neutrophil survival, whereas upregulation of calpastatin correlated with diminished calpain activity and reduced XIAP degradation. In addition, R-roscovitine is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor developed for the treatment of cancer; it also induces neutrophil apoptosis and can promote the resolution of several infectious and inflammatory disorders. We confirm the ability of R-roscovitine to induce neutrophil apoptosis, but also demonstrate that its efficacy is significantly impaired by F. tularensis. Collectively, our findings advance the understanding of neutrophil apoptosis and its capacity to be manipulated by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M McCracken
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa and VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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130
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Peripheral Nerve Block Facilitates Acute Inflammatory Responses Induced by Surgical Incision in Mice. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2016; 41:593-600. [DOI: 10.1097/aap.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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131
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Rochael NC, Guimarães-Costa AB, Nascimento MTC, DeSouza-Vieira TS, Oliveira MP, Garcia e Souza LF, Oliveira MF, Saraiva EM. Classical ROS-dependent and early/rapid ROS-independent release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps triggered by Leishmania parasites. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18302. [PMID: 26673780 PMCID: PMC4682131 DOI: 10.1038/srep18302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) extruded from neutrophils upon activation are composed of chromatin associated with cytosolic and granular proteins, which ensnare and kill microorganisms. This microbicidal mechanism named classical netosis has been shown to dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase and also chromatin decondensation dependent upon the enzymes (PAD4), neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). NET release also occurs through an early/rapid ROS-independent mechanism, named early/rapid vital netosis. Here we analyze the role of ROS, NE, MPO and PAD4 in the netosis stimulated by Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes in human neutrophils. We demonstrate that promastigotes induce a classical netosis, dependent on the cellular redox imbalance, as well as by a chloroamidine sensitive and elastase activity mechanism. Additionally, Leishmania also induces the early/rapid NET release occurring only 10 minutes after neutrophil-parasite interaction. We demonstrate here, that this early/rapid mechanism is dependent on elastase activity, but independent of ROS generation and chloroamidine. A better understanding of both mechanisms of NET release, and the NETs effects on the host immune system modulation, could support the development of new potential therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C Rochael
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902. Brazil
| | - Anderson B Guimarães-Costa
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902. Brazil.,Vector Molecular Biology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Michelle T C Nascimento
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902. Brazil
| | - Thiago S DeSouza-Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902. Brazil
| | - Matheus P Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902. Brazil
| | - Luiz F Garcia e Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inflamação e Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902. Brazil
| | - Marcus F Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira M Saraiva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902. Brazil
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132
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Poirier M, Simard JC, Girard D. Silver nanoparticles of 70 nm and 20 nm affect differently the biology of human neutrophils. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:375-85. [PMID: 26619040 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of size of nanoparticles (NP), especially in regard to pulmonary toxicity, has been widely investigated. In general, NP with smaller diameters are more pro-inflammatory in vivo, at least in terms of neutrophil influx. Nevertheless, the influence of size of NP on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cell biology is poorly documented. In the study here, it was decided to determine if AgNP with a diameter of 70 nm (AgNP70) will alter the biology of human PMN similarly to AgNP20 previously reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit de novo protein synthesis. The results here indicated that, in contrast to AgNP20, AgNP70 delayed PMN apoptosis. However, both AgNP20 and AgNP70 inhibited de novo protein synthesis. Both forms of AgNP did not significantly increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but AgNP20 significantly increased the cell production of the CXCL8 chemokine (IL-8). In addition, AgNP20, but not AgNP70, induced the release of albumin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9/gelatinase B) into culture supernatants. Consistent with this latter observation, gelatinase activity was increased by AgNP20, as assessed by zymography. From these outcomes, it is concluded that two NP with different initial diameters can possess similar - as well as distinct - biological properties in modulating human PMN functions. These outcomes are testimony to the complexity of the modes of action of NP at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Poirier
- a Laboratory for the Research on Inflammation and Physiology of Granulocytes , University of Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Simard
- a Laboratory for the Research on Inflammation and Physiology of Granulocytes , University of Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- a Laboratory for the Research on Inflammation and Physiology of Granulocytes , University of Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval , Québec , Canada
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Dyugovskaya L, Berger S, Polyakov A, Lavie P, Lavie L. Intermittent Hypoxia Affects the Spontaneous Differentiation In Vitro of Human Neutrophils into Long-Lived Giant Phagocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:9636937. [PMID: 26635914 PMCID: PMC4655297 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9636937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously we identified, for the first time, a new small-size subset of neutrophil-derived giant phagocytes (Gϕ) which spontaneously develop in vitro without additional growth factors or cytokines. Gϕ are CD66b(+)/CD63(+)/MPO(+)/LC3B(+) and are characterized by extended lifespan, large phagolysosomes, active phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and autophagy largely controls their formation. Hypoxia, and particularly hypoxia/reoxygenation, is a prominent feature of many pathological processes. Herein we investigated Gϕ formation by applying various hypoxic conditions. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) (29 cycles/day for 5 days) completely abolished Gϕ formation, while acute IH had dose-dependent effects. Exposure to 24 h (56 IH cycles) decreased their size, yield, phagocytic ability, autophagy, mitophagy, and gp91-phox/p22-phox expression, whereas under 24 h sustained hypoxia (SH) the size and expression of LC3B and gp91-phox/p22-phox resembled Gϕ formed in normoxia. Diphenyl iodide (DPI), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, as well as the PI3K/Akt and autophagy inhibitor LY294002 abolished Gϕ formation at all oxygen conditions. However, the potent antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abrogated the effects of IH by inducing large CD66b(+)/LC3B(+) Gϕ and increased both NADPH oxidase expression and phagocytosis. These findings suggest that NADPH oxidase, autophagy, and the PI3K/Akt pathway are involved in Gϕ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Dyugovskaya
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Slava Berger
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrey Polyakov
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Peretz Lavie
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Lena Lavie
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
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Ishii T. Close teamwork between Nrf2 and peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 for the regulation of prostaglandin D2 and E2 production in macrophages in acute inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:189-198. [PMID: 25968070 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological self-defense reaction triggered by tissue damage or infection by pathogens. Acute inflammation is regulated by the time- and cell type-dependent production of cytokines and small signaling molecules including reactive oxygen species and prostaglandins. Recent studies have unveiled the important role of the transcription factor Nrf2 in the regulation of prostaglandin production through transcriptional regulation of peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 (Prx1 and Prx6) and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS). Prx1 and Prx6 are multifunctional proteins important for cell protection against oxidative stress, but also work together to facilitate production of prostaglandins E2 and D2 (PGE2 and PGD2). Prx1 secreted from cells under mild oxidative stress binds Toll-like receptor 4 and induces NF-κB activation, important for the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression. The activated MAPKs p38 and ERK phosphorylate Prx6, leading to NADPH oxidase-2 activation, which contributes to production of PGD2 by hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS). PGD2 and its end product 15-deoxy-∆(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) activate Nrf2 thereby forming a positive feedback loop for further production of PGD2 by L-PGDS. Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. This review is aimed at describing the functions of Prx1 and Prx6 in the regulation of PGD2 and PGE2 production in acute inflammation in macrophages and the importance of 15d-PGJ2 as an intrinsic Nrf2 activator.
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Vallières F, Simard JC, Stafford-Richard T, Girard D. Prolonged cultures of unstimulated human neutrophils lead to the apparition and persistence of rest-in-plate structures (RIPs) recognized by professional phagocytes in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:62-9. [PMID: 26475019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells (PMNs) are known to spontaneously undergo apoptosis and then eliminated by professional phagocytes to prevent inflammation, a process called efferocytosis. However, when efferocytosis is impaired, PMNs will fall into secondary necrosis. Whether this state can persist for a certain period of time is unclear, since most of the studies investigating secondary necrosis are performed within 24h following induction by a proapoptotic agent. In this study, freshly isolated human PMNs were incubated without addition of exogenous agents in order to force them to undergo apoptosis and then secondary necrosis, an ideal experimental condition to study the behavior of secondary necrotic PMNs in absence of efferocytosis. By monitoring PMN cell morphology over time, we observed that an increasing proportion of cells harbored a ghost-like phenotype. Because these cellular remnants persist in plates for several days, we introduce here the terminology RIPs for 'rest-in-plate' structure. Heating of freshly isolated PMNs for 5min did not lead to the apparition of RIPs over time. In vivo administration of 7-days old RIPs in the murine air pouch model induced a slight inflammation resorbed within 24h. PKH26-stained RIPs were found to be ingested by professional phagocytes in vitro and in vivo in the murine air pouch and peritonitis models. Therefore, aged-PMNs have the potential to become RIPs in absence of efficient efferocytosis. Fortunately RIPs are recognized by professional phagocytes and, therefore, the concept of resolution of inflammation based on elimination of apoptotic and secondary necrotic PMNs could also be applied to RIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vallières
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Simard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Théo Stafford-Richard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Conejeros I, Gibson AJ, Werling D, Muñoz-Caro T, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Burgos RA. Effect of the synthetic Toll-like receptor ligands LPS, Pam3CSK4, HKLM and FSL-1 in the function of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:215-225. [PMID: 26026246 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that sense microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMP) such as microbial membrane components and nucleic acids of bacterial origin. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first cell of the innate immune system to arrive at the site of infection or injury and elicit oxidative and non-oxidative microbicidal mechanisms. Observations in human and mouse suggest that TLR ligands can induce direct responses in PMN. So far, there is no information of the effect of synthetic TLR ligands on the response of bovine PMN. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional response of bovine PMN incubated with four synthetic TLR ligands: ultrapure LPS (TLR4), Pam(3)CSK(4) (TLR2/1), HKLM (TLR2) and FSL-1 (TLR2/6). The results show that all the ligands increment cells size as identified by changes in the FSC-SSC as part of the flow cytometric analysis. Interestingly, only Pam(3)CSK(4) consistently induced a calcium influx, increased ROS production and secretion of gelatinase granules, whereas no response was seen using other ligands. Furthermore, exposure of bovine PMN to ultrapure LPS, Pam(3)CSK(4), HKLM or FSL-1 for 24 hours did not impact on apoptosis of these cells. Our data provide evidence for a selective response of bovine PMNs to TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Conejeros
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Amanda J Gibson
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Tamara Muñoz-Caro
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, BFS, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, BFS, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, BFS, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Host and pathogen hyaluronan signal through human siglec-9 to suppress neutrophil activation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:219-33. [PMID: 26411873 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Inhibitory CD33-related Siglec receptors regulate immune cell activation upon engaging ubiquitous sialic acids (Sias) on host cell surface glycans. Through molecular mimicry, Sia-expressing pathogen group B Streptococcus binds inhibitory human Siglec-9 (hSiglec-9) to blunt neutrophil activation and promote bacterial survival. We unexpectedly discovered that hSiglec-9 also specifically binds high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA), another ubiquitous host glycan, through a region of its terminal Ig-like V-set domain distinct from the Sia-binding site. HMW-HA recognition by hSiglec-9 limited neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, oxidative burst, and apoptosis, defining HMW-HA as a regulator of neutrophil activation. However, the pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS) expresses a HMW-HA capsule that engages hSiglec-9, blocking NET formation and oxidative burst, thereby promoting bacterial survival. Thus, a single inhibitory lectin receptor detects two distinct glycan "self-associated molecular patterns" to maintain neutrophil homeostasis, and two leading human bacterial pathogens have independently evolved molecular mimicry to exploit this immunoregulatory mechanism. KEY MESSAGE HMW-HA is the first example of a non-sialic acid containing glycan to be recognized by CD33-related Siglecs. HMW-HA engagement of hSiglec-9 attenuates neutrophil activation. Group A Streptococcus exploits hSiglec-9 recognition via its polysaccharide HMW-HA capsule to subvert neutrophil killing.
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138
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Espinasse MA, Pépin A, Virault-Rocroy P, Szely N, Chollet-Martin S, Pallardy M, Biola-Vidamment A. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Is Expressed in Human Neutrophils and Promotes Apoptosis through Mcl-1 Down-Regulation. J Innate Immun 2015; 8:81-96. [PMID: 26384220 DOI: 10.1159/000439052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a potent anti-inflammatory protein, the expression of which is mainly induced by glucocorticoids (GCs) in haematopoietic cells. GILZ regulates signal transduction pathways of inflammation and plays a role in cell survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression and mechanisms of action of GILZ in the apoptosis of human neutrophils. GILZ expression was induced by GCs in human neutrophils, enhanced upon phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition and resulted in apoptosis amplification. We then stably transfected PLB-985 cells with the human gilz gene and differentiated both control and GILZ-overexpressing clones in neutrophil-like cells. GILZ overexpression in PLB-985 cells led to an exacerbated apoptosis, associated with caspase-3, caspase-9 and caspase-8 activations, and a loss of mitochondrial potential, suggesting that GILZ-induced apoptosis used the mitochondrial pathway. The expression of BH3 interacting domain death agonist, Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death, annexin-A1 and Bcl-2-associated X was not affected in PLB-985-GILZ clones, but phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) were observed. Noteworthy, Mcl-1 phosphorylation was related to a significant and sustained activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in PLB-985-GILZ clones. These results reveal GILZ to be a new actor in apoptosis regulation in neutrophil-like cells involving JNK and Mcl-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Alix Espinasse
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Universitx00E9; Paris-Sud, Universitx00E9; Paris-Saclay, Chx00E2;tenay-Malabry, France
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139
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Autophagy Is Required for Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1731-9. [PMID: 26344765 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation and energy recycling mechanism, is emerging as an important regulator of immune responses. However, the role of autophagy in regulating neutrophil functions is not known. We investigated neutrophil biology using myeloid-specific autophagy-deficient mice and found that autophagy deficiency reduced neutrophil degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Mice with autophagy deficiency showed reduced severity of several neutrophil-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease models, including PMA-induced ear inflammation, LPS-induced breakdown of blood-brain barrier, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species generation was also reduced in autophagy-deficient neutrophils, and inhibition of NADPH oxidase reduced neutrophil degranulation, suggesting NADPH oxidase to be a player at the intersection of autophagy and degranulation. Overall, this study establishes autophagy as an important regulator of neutrophil functions and neutrophil-mediated inflammation in vivo.
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140
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Yang ZW, Meng XX, Xu P. Central role of neutrophil in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2513-20. [PMID: 26249268 PMCID: PMC4627557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute abdominal disease with the strong systemic inflammatory response, and rapidly progresses from a local pancreatic damage into multiple organ dysfunction. For many decades, the contributions of neutrophils to the pathology of SAP were traditionally thought to be the chemokine and cytokine cascades that accompany inflammation. In this review, we focus mainly on those recently recognized aspects of neutrophils in SAP processes. First, emerging evidence suggests that therapeutic interventions targeting neutrophils significantly lower tissue damage and protect against the occurrence of pancreatitis. Second, trypsin activation promotes the initial neutrophils recruitment into local pancreas, and subsequently neutrophils infiltration in turn triggers trypsin production. Finally, neutrophils have the unique ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps even in the absence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Yang
- Pharmacy Department, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated the First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Meng
- Digestive Department, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated the First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Digestive Department, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated the First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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141
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Liz R, Simard JC, Leonardi LBA, Girard D. Silver nanoparticles rapidly induce atypical human neutrophil cell death by a process involving inflammatory caspases and reactive oxygen species and induce neutrophil extracellular traps release upon cell adhesion. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:616-25. [PMID: 26241783 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the major toxic effects reported in response to in vitro or in vivo nanoparticle (NP) exposure. Among engineered NPs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are very attractive for the development of therapeutic strategies, especially because of their antimicrobial properties. In humans, neutrophils, key players in inflammation, are the most abundant blood leukocytes that spontaneously undergo apoptosis, a central cell death mechanism regulating inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on neutrophil apoptosis. Transmission electronic microscopy reveals that AgNPs rapidly penetrate inside neutrophils. AgNPs induced atypical cell death where the cell volume increased and the cell surface expression of CD16 remained unaltered unlike apoptotic neutrophils where cell shrinkage and loss of CD16 are typically observed. The AgNP-induced atypical cell death is distinct from necrosis and reversed by a pancaspase inhibitor or by inhibitors of the inflammatory caspase-1 and caspase-4. In addition, AgNPs induced IL-1β production inhibited by caspase-1 and caspase-4 inhibitors and also induced caspase-1 activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased by AgNPs and the atypical cell death was inhibited by the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine. Under similar experimental conditions, adhesion of neutrophils leads to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release induced by AgNPs. However, this process was not reversed by caspase inhibitors. We conclude that AgNPs rapidly induced an atypical cell death in neutrophils by a mechanism involving caspase-1, -4 and ROS. However, in adherent neutrophils, AgNPs induced NET release and, therefore, are novel agents able to trigger NET release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Liz
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Simard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Laurien Bruna Araújo Leonardi
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
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142
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Barquero-Calvo E, Mora-Cartín R, Arce-Gorvel V, de Diego JL, Chacón-Díaz C, Chaves-Olarte E, Guzmán-Verri C, Buret AG, Gorvel JP, Moreno E. Brucella abortus Induces the Premature Death of Human Neutrophils through the Action of Its Lipopolysaccharide. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004853. [PMID: 25946018 PMCID: PMC4422582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most bacterial infections induce the activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), enhance their microbicidal function, and promote the survival of these leukocytes for protracted periods of time. Brucella abortus is a stealthy pathogen that evades innate immunity, barely activates PMNs, and resists the killing mechanisms of these phagocytes. Intriguing clinical signs observed during brucellosis are the low numbers of Brucella infected PMNs in the target organs and neutropenia in a proportion of the patients; features that deserve further attention. Here we demonstrate that B. abortus prematurely kills human PMNs in a dose-dependent and cell-specific manner. Death of PMNs is concomitant with the intracellular Brucella lipopolysaccharide (Br-LPS) release within vacuoles. This molecule and its lipid A reproduce the premature cell death of PMNs, a phenomenon associated to the low production of proinflammatory cytokines. Blocking of CD14 but not TLR4 prevents the Br-LPS-induced cell death. The PMNs cell death departs from necrosis, NETosis and classical apoptosis. The mechanism of PMN cell death is linked to the activation of NADPH-oxidase and a modest but steadily increase of ROS mediators. These effectors generate DNA damage, recruitments of check point kinase 1, caspases 5 and to minor extent of caspase 4, RIP1 and Ca++ release. The production of IL-1β by PMNs was barely stimulated by B. abortus infection or Br-LPS treatment. Likewise, inhibition of caspase 1 did not hamper the Br-LPS induced PMN cell death, suggesting that the inflammasome pathway was not involved. Although activation of caspases 8 and 9 was observed, they did not seem to participate in the initial triggering mechanisms, since inhibition of these caspases scarcely blocked PMN cell death. These findings suggest a mechanism for neutropenia in chronic brucellosis and reveal a novel Brucella-host cross-talk through which B. abortus is able to hinder the innate function of PMN. The absence of obvious clinical symptoms during the early stages of brucellosis is linked to the Brucella stealthy strategy and its non-canonical PAMPs, which are low PRRs agonists. Still, there are clinical profiles that require explanation. For instance ‒despite the fact that neutrophils readily ingest Brucella during the onset of infection, brucellosis courses without neutrophilia, and just a low number of infected neutrophils are present in target organs. In the chronic phases, a significant proportion of the patients display absolute neutropenia and bone marrow pancytopenia linked to the myeloid cell linage. Examination of the Brucella infected bone marrow reveals granulomas and phagocytosis of myeloid cells. Based on these observations we explored the fate of native neutrophils during their interaction with Brucella. We found that the bacterium induces the premature cell death of neutrophils without inducing proinflammatory phenotypic changes. This event was reproduced by the lipid A of the Brucella LPS and depends on NADPH-oxidase activation and low ROS formation. We believe that this phenomenon explains ‒at least in part‒ the hematological and histological profiles observed during brucellosis. In addition, it may be that dying Brucella-infected neutrophils serve as “Trojan horse” vehicles for infecting phagocytic cells without promoting activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Barquero-Calvo
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Mora-Cartín
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Vilma Arce-Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Juana L. de Diego
- Department of Cell Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Chacón-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Esteban Chaves-Olarte
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (JPG); (EM)
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- * E-mail: (JPG); (EM)
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143
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Cuartero MI, Ballesteros I, Lizasoain I, Moro MA. Complexity of the cell-cell interactions in the innate immune response after cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2015; 1623:53-62. [PMID: 25956207 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In response to brain ischemia a cascade of signals leads to the activation of the brain innate immune system and to the recruitment of blood borne derived cells to the ischemic tissue. These processes have been increasingly shown to play a role on stroke pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the key features of resident microglia and different leukocyte subsets implicated in cerebral ischemia with special emphasis of neutrophils, monocytes and microglia. We focus on how leukocytes are recruited to injured brain through a complex interplay between endothelial cells, platelets and leukocytes and describe different strategies used to inhibit their recruitment. Finally, we discuss the possible existence of different leukocyte subsets in the ischemic tissue and the repercussion of different myeloid phenotypes on stroke outcome. The knowledge of the nature of these heterogeneous cell-cell interactions may open new lines of investigation on new therapies to promote protective immune responses and tissue repair after cerebral ischemia or to block harmful responses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Cuartero
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Depto. Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Ballesteros
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Depto. Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Depto. Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Moro
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Depto. Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.
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Stoiber W, Obermayer A, Steinbacher P, Krautgartner WD. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Formation of Extracellular Traps (ETs) in Humans. Biomolecules 2015; 5:702-23. [PMID: 25946076 PMCID: PMC4496692 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular traps (ETs) are reticulate structures of extracellular DNA associated with antimicrobial molecules. Their formation by phagocytes (mainly by neutrophils: NETs) has been identified as an essential element of vertebrate innate immune defense. However, as ETs are also toxic to host cells and potent triggers of autoimmunity, their role between pathogen defense and human pathogenesis is ambiguous, and they contribute to a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Since the discovery of ET formation (ETosis) a decade ago, evidence has accumulated that most reaction cascades leading to ET release involve ROS. An important new facet was added when it became apparent that ETosis might be directly linked to, or be a variant of, the autophagy cell death pathway. The present review analyzes the evidence to date on the interplay between ROS, autophagy and ETosis, and highlights and discusses several further aspects of the ROS-ET relationship that are incompletely understood. These aspects include the role of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, the molecular requirements of NADPH oxidase-dependent ETosis, the roles of NADPH oxidase subtypes, extracellular ROS and of ROS from sources other than NADPH oxidase, and the present evidence for ROS-independent ETosis. We conclude that ROS interact with ETosis in a multidimensional manner, with influence on whether ETosis shows beneficial or detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Stoiber
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Astrid Obermayer
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Peter Steinbacher
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Krautgartner
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
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145
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Tang S, Zhang Y, Yin SW, Gao XJ, Shi WW, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang L, Zou LY, Zhao JH, Huang YJ, Shan LY, Gounni AS, Wu YZ, Zhang JB. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is associated with autophagy-related signalling in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:408-18. [PMID: 25644394 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation could contribute to the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Recent research has provided evidence that a novel type of ANCA autoantibody, anti-lysosomal membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) antibody, may have a pathogenic role in AAV. We have shown previously that anti-LAMP-2 antibody-stimulated NET formation contains autoantigens and anti-microbial peptides. The current study sought to determine whether LAMP-2, as a novel antigen of ANCA, was present on NETs in AAV patients, the influence of the anti-LAMP-2 antibody on the neutrophil apoptosis rate and the role of autophagy in anti-LAMP-2 antibody-induced NET formation. NET formation was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy or live cell imaging. The neutrophil apoptosis rate was analysed using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Autophagy was detected using LC3B accumulation and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that enhanced NET formation, which contains LAMP-2, was observed in kidney biopsies and neutrophils from AAV patients. The apoptosis rate decreased significantly in human neutrophils stimulated with anti-LAMP-2 antibody, and this effect was attenuated by the inhibitors of autophagy 3-methyladenine (3MA) and 2-morpholin-4-yl-8-phenylchromen-4-one (LY294002). The anti-LAMP-2 antibody-stimulated NET formation was unaffected by benzyloxycarbonyl-Val- Ala-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethylketone (zVAD-fmk) and necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), which are inhibitors of apoptosis and necrosis, respectively, but was inhibited by 3MA and LY294002. Moreover, the proportion of LC3BI that was converted to LC3BII increased significantly (P=0.0057), and massive vacuolizations that exhibited characteristics typical of autophagy were detected in neutrophils stimulated with anti-LAMP-2 antibody. Our results provide further evidence that autophagy is involved in ANCA-induced NET formation in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - S-W Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - X-J Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - W-W Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - L-Y Zou
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - J-H Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Y-J Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - L-Y Shan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - A S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Y-Z Wu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - J-B Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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146
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Pliyev BK, Ivanova AV, Savchenko VG. Extracellular NAD(+) inhibits human neutrophil apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 19:581-93. [PMID: 24292505 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis plays a critical role in the inflammatory response. Inflammation has previously been shown to increase levels of extracellular β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). The present study demonstrates that extracellular NAD(+) at concentrations found in the inflamed tissues profoundly delays spontaneous apoptosis of human neutrophils as was evidenced by inhibition of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. The effect was abrogated by NF157, an antagonist of P2Y11 receptor, and was pertussis toxin-insensitive. The NAD(+)-mediated delay of neutrophil apoptosis was reversed by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, and Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, an inhibitor of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Blocking of NAD(+)-induced influx of extracellular Ca(2+) with EGTA did not abolish the pro-survival effect of NAD(+). Extracellular NAD(+) inhibited proteasome-dependent degradation of Mcl-1 upstream of caspase activation and, furthermore, suppressed Bax translocation to the mitochondria and attenuated both dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Finally, we found that extracellular NAD(+) inhibited spontaneous activation of caspase-9, but not caspase-8, and the pro-survival effect of extracellular NAD(+) was abrogated by the inhibitor of caspase-9, but not by the inhibitor of caspase-8. Together, these results demonstrate that extracellular NAD(+) inhibits neutrophil apoptosis via P2Y11 receptor and cAMP/PKA pathway by regulating Mcl-1 level, Bax targeting to the mitochondria and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Thus, extracellular NAD(+) acts as a neutrophil survival factor that can contribute to prolonged neutrophil lifespan in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Pliyev
- Hematology Research Center, Novy Zykovsky Pr. 4, Moscow, 125167, Russia,
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147
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Wehrli M, Cortinas-Elizondo F, Hlushchuk R, Daudel F, Villiger PM, Miescher S, Zuercher AW, Djonov V, Simon HU, von Gunten S. Human IgA Fc Receptor FcαRI (CD89) Triggers Different Forms of Neutrophil Death Depending on the Inflammatory Microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5649-59. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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148
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Cecílio P, Pérez-Cabezas B, Santarém N, Maciel J, Rodrigues V, Cordeiro da Silva A. Deception and manipulation: the arms of leishmania, a successful parasite. Front Immunol 2014; 5:480. [PMID: 25368612 PMCID: PMC4202772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are intracellular parasitic protozoa responsible for a group of neglected tropical diseases, endemic in 98 countries around the world, called leishmaniasis. These parasites have a complex digenetic life cycle requiring a susceptible vertebrate host and a permissive insect vector, which allow their transmission. The clinical manifestations associated with leishmaniasis depend on complex interactions between the parasite and the host immune system. Consequently, leishmaniasis can be manifested as a self-healing cutaneous affliction or a visceral pathology, being the last one fatal in 85–90% of untreated cases. As a result of a long host–parasite co-evolutionary process, Leishmania spp. developed different immunomodulatory strategies that are essential for the establishment of infection. Only through deception and manipulation of the immune system, Leishmania spp. can complete its life cycle and survive. The understanding of the mechanisms associated with immune evasion and disease progression is essential for the development of novel therapies and vaccine approaches. Here, we revise how the parasite manipulates cell death and immune responses to survive and thrive in the shadow of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cecílio
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Begoña Pérez-Cabezas
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Joana Maciel
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Vasco Rodrigues
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Anabela Cordeiro da Silva
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal ; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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149
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Carrera-Quintanar L, Funes L, Vicente-Salar N, Blasco-Lafarga C, Pons A, Micol V, Roche E. Effect of polyphenol supplements on redox status of blood cells: a randomized controlled exercise training trial. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1081-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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150
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Iwaniuk A, Jabłońska E, Jabłoński J, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Garley M. Expression of selected proteins of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in human leukocytes exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:591-600. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114551391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a xenobiotic widespread in human environment capable of regulating the lifespan of immune cells. In this study, we examined the roles of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/death receptor 5 (DR5) complex and the Fas molecule in the induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to NDMA. Also we assessed these proteins ability to trigger the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in those cells. For this purpose, we examined the expression of Fas-associated protein with death domain, truncated Bid (tBid) proteins, and apoptogenic factors such as apoptosis-inducing factor, Smac/Diablo, Omi/HtrA2, and caspase-3 as an indication of accomplished apoptosis phenomenon. PMNs and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation using Polymorphrep. Apoptotic cells were assessed with flow cytometry using a ready-made kit. The expression of proapoptotic molecules was investigated by Western blot analysis of PMNs and PBMCs treated with NDMA and/or rhTRAIL. The obtained results confirm the proapoptotic effects of NDMA on the examined human leukocytes and indicate an active participation of the TRAIL/DR5 complex and Fas protein in the process of apoptosis. Moreover, the research revealed distinct mechanisms of intrinsic apoptosis pathway activation between PMNs and PBMCs exposed to NDMA, as confirmed by the different levels of tBid, Smac/Diablo, Omi/HtrA2, and caspase-3 expression in those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iwaniuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | - E Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | - J Jabłoński
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | | | - M Garley
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
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