101
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Li J, Paraoanu GS, Cicak K, Altomare F, Park JI, Simmonds RW, Sillanpää MA, Hakonen PJ. Dynamical Autler-Townes control of a phase qubit. Sci Rep 2012; 2:645. [PMID: 22966420 PMCID: PMC3437518 DOI: 10.1038/srep00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Routers, switches, and repeaters are essential components of modern information-processing systems. Similar devices will be needed in future superconducting quantum computers. In this work we investigate experimentally the time evolution of Autler-Townes splitting in a superconducting phase qubit under the application of a control tone resonantly coupled to the second transition. A three-level model that includes independently determined parameters for relaxation and dephasing gives excellent agreement with the experiment. The results demonstrate that the qubit can be used as a ON/OFF switch with 100 ns operating time-scale for the reflection/transmission of photons coming from an applied probe microwave tone. The ON state is realized when the control tone is sufficiently strong to generate an Autler-Townes doublet, suppressing the absorption of the probe tone photons and resulting in a maximum of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, Aalto University, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.
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102
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Schröder T, Fujiwara M, Noda T, Zhao HQ, Benson O, Takeuchi S. A nanodiamond-tapered fiber system with high single-mode coupling efficiency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:10490-10497. [PMID: 22565674 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.010490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a fiber-coupled diamond-based single photon system. Single nanodiamonds containing nitrogen vacancy defect centers are deposited on a tapered fiber of 273 nanometer in diameter providing a record-high number of 689,000 single photons per second from a defect center in a single-mode fiber. The system can be cooled to cryogenic temperatures and coupled evanescently to other nanophotonic structures, such as microresonators. The system is suitable for integrated quantum transmission experiments, two-photon interference, quantum-random-number generation and nano-magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schröder
- Institute of Physics, AG Nano-Optik, Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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103
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Huang YL, Lu Y, Niu TC, Huang H, Kera S, Ueno N, Wee ATS, Chen W. Reversible single-molecule switching in an ordered monolayer molecular dipole array. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:1423-8. [PMID: 22378634 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Making electronic devices using a single molecule has been the ultimate goal of molecular electronics. For binary data storage in particular, the challenge has been the ability to switch a single molecule in between bistable states in a simple and repeatable manner. The reversible switching of single molecules of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) dipolar molecules within a close-packed monolayer is demonstrated. By pulsing an scanning tunneling microscopy tip, read-write operations of single-molecular binary bits at ~40 Tb/cm(2) (~250 Tb/in(2)) are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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104
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Santos MF, Cunha MT, Chaves R, Carvalho ARR. Quantum computing with incoherent resources and quantum jumps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:170501. [PMID: 22680844 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous emission and the inelastic scattering of photons are two natural processes usually associated with decoherence and the reduction in the capacity to process quantum information. Here we show that, when suitably detected, these photons are sufficient to build all the fundamental blocks needed to perform quantum computation in the emitting qubits while protecting them from deleterious dissipative effects. We exemplify this by showing how to efficiently prepare graph states for the implementation of measurement-based quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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105
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Rephaeli E, Fan S. Stimulated emission from a single excited atom in a waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:143602. [PMID: 22540793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study stimulated emission from an excited two-level atom coupled to a waveguide containing an incident single-photon pulse. We show that the strong photon correlation, as induced by the atom, plays a very important role in stimulated emission. Additionally, the temporal duration of the incident photon pulse is shown to have a marked effect on stimulated emission and atomic lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Rephaeli
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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106
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Chantanetra S, Teeka C, Mitatha S, Jomtarak R, Yupapin PP. Hybrid transistor manipulation controlled by light within a PANDA microring resonator. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2012; 11:125-30. [PMID: 22411056 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2012.2189126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the novel type of transistor known as a hybrid transistor is proposed, in which all types of transistors can be formed by using a microring resonator called a PANDA microring resonator. In principle, such a transistor can be used to form for various transistor types by using the atom/molecule trapping tools, which is named by an optical tweezer, where in application all type of transistors, especially, molecule and photon transistors can be performed by using the trapping tools, which will be described in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontorn Chantanetra
- Hybrid Computing Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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107
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Hausmann BJM, Shields B, Quan Q, Maletinsky P, McCutcheon M, Choy JT, Babinec TM, Kubanek A, Yacoby A, Lukin MD, Loncar M. Integrated diamond networks for quantum nanophotonics. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:1578-1582. [PMID: 22339606 DOI: 10.1021/nl204449n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an integrated nanophotonic network in diamond, consisting of a ring resonator coupled to an optical waveguide with grating in- and outcouplers. Using a nitrogen-vacancy color center embedded inside the ring resonator as a source of photons, single photon generation and routing at room temperature is observed. Furthermore, we observe a large overall photon extraction efficiency (10%) and high quality factors of ring resonators (3200 for waveguide-coupled system and 12,600 for a bare ring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit J M Hausmann
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 33 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA
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108
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Rezus YLA, Walt SG, Lettow R, Renn A, Zumofen G, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Single-photon spectroscopy of a single molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:093601. [PMID: 22463633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Efficient interaction of light and matter at the ultimate limit of single photons and single emitters is of great interest from a fundamental point of view and for emerging applications in quantum engineering. However, the difficulty of generating single-photon streams with specific wavelengths, bandwidths, and power as well as the weak interaction probability of a single photon with an optical emitter pose a formidable challenge toward this goal. Here, we demonstrate a general approach based on the creation of single photons from a single emitter and their use for performing spectroscopy on a second emitter situated at a distance. While this first proof of principle realization uses organic molecules as emitters, the scheme is readily extendable to quantum dots and color centers. Our work ushers in a new line of experiments that provide access to the coherent and nonlinear couplings of few emitters and few propagating photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L A Rezus
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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109
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Biagioni P, Huang JS, Hecht B. Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:024402. [PMID: 22790344 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/2/024402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation can strongly enhance the interaction of light with nanoscale matter by their ability to efficiently link propagating and spatially localized optical fields. This ability unlocks an enormous potential for applications ranging from nanoscale optical microscopy and spectroscopy over solar energy conversion, integrated optical nanocircuitry, opto-electronics and density-of-states engineering to ultra-sensing as well as enhancement of optical nonlinearities. Here we review the current understanding of metallic optical antennas based on the background of both well-developed radiowave antenna engineering and plasmonics. In particular, we discuss the role of plasmonic resonances on the performance of nanoantennas and address the influence of geometrical parameters imposed by nanofabrication. Finally, we give a brief account of the current status of the field and the major established and emerging lines of investigation in this vivid area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Biagioni
- CNISM-Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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110
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Günter G, Robert-de-Saint-Vincent M, Schempp H, Hofmann CS, Whitlock S, Weidemüller M. Interaction enhanced imaging of individual Rydberg atoms in dense gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:013002. [PMID: 22304259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new all-optical method to image individual Rydberg atoms embedded within dense gases of ground state atoms. The scheme exploits interaction-induced shifts on highly polarizable excited states of probe atoms, which can be spatially resolved via an electromagnetically induced transparency resonance. Using a realistic model, we show that it is possible to image individual Rydberg atoms with enhanced sensitivity and high resolution despite photon-shot noise and atomic density fluctuations. This new imaging scheme could be extended to other impurities such as ions, and is ideally suited to equilibrium and dynamical studies of complex many-body phenomena involving strongly interacting particles. As an example we study blockade effects and correlations in the distribution of Rydberg atoms optically excited from a dense gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Günter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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111
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112
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Olsen ST, Hansen T, Mikkelsen KV. A theoretical approach to molecular single-electron transistors. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-1060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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113
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Zaghloul YA, Zaghloul ARM, Adibi A. Passive all-optical polarization switch, binary logic gates, and digital processor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:20332-20346. [PMID: 21997044 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the passive all-optical polarization switch, which modulates light with light. That switch is used to construct all the binary logic gates of two or more inputs. We discuss the design concepts and the operation of the AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates as examples. The rest of the 16 logic gates are similarly designed. Cascading of such gates is straightforward as we show and discuss. Cascading in itself does not require a power source, but feedback at this stage of development does. The design and operation of an SR Latch is presented as one of the popular basic sequential devices used for memory cells. That completes the essential components of an all-optical polarization digital processor. The speed of such devices is well above 10 GHz for bulk implementations and is much higher for chip-size implementations. In addition, the presented devices do have the four essential characteristics previously thought unique to the microelectronic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Zaghloul
- ITR Technologies Inc., 8344 Rockledge Rd 725, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA.
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114
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Pärs M, Hofmann CC, Willinger K, Bauer P, Thelakkat M, Köhler J. An Organic Optical Transistor Operated under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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115
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Pärs M, Hofmann CC, Willinger K, Bauer P, Thelakkat M, Köhler J. An organic optical transistor operated under ambient conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11405-8. [PMID: 22113798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martti Pärs
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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116
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Hétet G, Slodička L, Hennrich M, Blatt R. Single atom as a mirror of an optical cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:133002. [PMID: 22026849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.133002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
By tightly focusing a laser field onto a single cold ion trapped in front of a far-distant dielectric mirror, we could observe a quantum electrodynamic effect whereby the ion behaves as the optical mirror of a Fabry-Pérot cavity. We show that the amplitude of the laser field is significantly altered due to a modification of the electromagnetic mode structure around the atom in a novel regime in which the laser intensity is already changed by the atom alone. We propose a direct application of this system as a quantum memory for single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hétet
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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117
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Honer J, Löw R, Weimer H, Pfau T, Büchler HP. Artificial atoms can do more than atoms: deterministic single photon subtraction from arbitrary light fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:093601. [PMID: 21929241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the interplay of photons interacting with an artificial atom in the presence of a controlled dephasing. Such artificial atoms consisting of several independent scatterers can exhibit remarkable properties superior to single atoms with a prominent example being a superatom based on Rydberg blockade. We demonstrate that the induced dephasing allows for the controlled absorption of a single photon from an arbitrary incoming probe field. This unique tool in photon-matter interaction opens a way for building novel quantum devices, and several potential applications such as a single photon transistor, high fidelity n-photon counters, or the creation of nonclassical states of light by photon subtraction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Honer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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118
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Hoi IC, Wilson CM, Johansson G, Palomaki T, Peropadre B, Delsing P. Demonstration of a single-photon router in the microwave regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:073601. [PMID: 21902392 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have embedded an artificial atom, a superconducting transmon qubit, in an open transmission line and investigated the strong scattering of incident microwave photons (∼6 GHz). When an input coherent state, with an average photon number N≪1 is on resonance with the artificial atom, we observe extinction of up to 99.6% in the forward propagating field. We use two-tone spectroscopy to study scattering from excited states and we observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We then use EIT to make a single-photon router, where we can control to what output port an incoming signal is delivered. The maximum on-off ratio is around 99% with a rise and fall time on the order of nanoseconds, consistent with theoretical expectations. The router can easily be extended to have multiple output ports and it can be viewed as a rudimentary quantum node, an important step towards building quantum information networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io-Chun Hoi
- MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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119
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Pototschnig M, Chassagneux Y, Hwang J, Zumofen G, Renn A, Sandoghdar V. Controlling the phase of a light beam with a single molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:063001. [PMID: 21902319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We employ heterodyne interferometry to investigate the effect of a single organic molecule on the phase of a propagating laser beam. We report on the first phase-contrast images of individual molecules and demonstrate a single-molecule electro-optical phase switch by applying a voltage to the microelectrodes embedded in the sample. Our results may find applications in single-molecule holography, fast optical coherent signal processing, and single-emitter quantum operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pototschnig
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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120
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Schumacher T, Kratzer K, Molnar D, Hentschel M, Giessen H, Lippitz M. Nanoantenna-enhanced ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy of a single gold nanoparticle. Nat Commun 2011. [PMCID: PMC3113233 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical nanoantennas, just like their radio-frequency equivalents, enhance the light-matter interaction in their feed gap. Antenna enhancement of small signals promises to open a new regime in linear and nonlinear spectroscopy on the nanoscale. Without antennas especially the nonlinear spectroscopy of single nanoobjects is very demanding. Here we present the first antenna-enhanced ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopy. In particular, we use the antenna to determine the nonlinear transient absorption signal of a single gold nanoparticle caused by mechanical breathing oscillations. We increase the signal amplitu-de by an order of magnitude, which is in good agreement with our analytical and numerical models. Our method will find applications in linear and nonlinear spectroscopy of single nanoobjects, especially in simplifying such challenging experiments as transient absorption or multiphoton excitation. Optical nanoantennas can be used for spectroscopic investigations at previously unattainable dimensions. Schumacher et al. describe time-resolved antenna-enhanced ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopy and determine the transient absorption signal of a single gold nanoparticle.
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121
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Roll MF, Kampf JW, Laine RM. Crystalline Hybrid Polyphenylene Macromolecules from Octaalkynylsilsesquioxanes, Crystal Structures, and a Potential Route to 3-D Graphenes. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200081q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Roll
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Kampf
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Richard M. Laine
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
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122
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Kolchin P, Oulton RF, Zhang X. Nonlinear quantum optics in a waveguide: distinct single photons strongly interacting at the single atom level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:113601. [PMID: 21469860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose a waveguide-QED system where two single photons of distinct frequency or polarization interact strongly. The system consists of a single ladder-type three level atom coupled to a waveguide. When both optical transitions are coupled strongly to the waveguide's mode, we show that a control photon tuned to the upper transition induces a π phase shift and tunneling of a probe photon tuned to the otherwise reflective lower transition. Furthermore, the system exhibits single photon scattering by a classical control beam. Waveguide-QED schemes could be an alternative to high quality cavities or dense atomic ensembles in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kolchin
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley California 94720, USA
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123
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Liu B, Yang L, Wang Y. Optical trapping force combining an optical fiber probe and an AFM metallic probe. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3703-3714. [PMID: 21369196 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution optical trapping and manipulating scheme combining an optical fiber probe and an AFM metallic probe is proposed. This scheme is based on the combination of evanescent illumination and light scattering at the metallic probe apex, which shapes the optical field into a localized, three-dimensional optical trap. Detailed simulations of the electromagnetic fields in composite area and the resulting forces are described the methods of Maxwell stress tensor and three-dimensional FDTD. Calculations show that the scheme is able to overcome the disturbance of other forces to trap a polystyrene particle of up to 10 nm in radius with lower laser intensity (~1040 W/mm2) than that required by conventional optical tweezers (~10(5) W/mm2). Based on the discussion of high manipulating efficiency dependent on system parameters and the implementing procedure, the scheme allowing for effective manipulation of nano-particles opens a way for research on single nano-particle area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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124
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Li JJ, Zhu KD. A quantum optical transistor with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:055202. [PMID: 21178232 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/5/055202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Laser and strong coupling can coexist in a single quantum dot (QD) coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity. This provides an important clue towards the realization of a quantum optical transistor. Using experimentally realistic parameters, in this work, theoretical analysis shows that such a quantum optical transistor can be switched on or off by turning on or off the pump laser, which corresponds to attenuation or amplification of the probe laser, respectively. Furthermore, based on this quantum optical transistor, an all-optical measurement of the vacuum Rabi splitting is also presented. The idea of associating a quantum optical transistor with this coupled QD-nanocavity system may achieve images of light controlling light in all-optical logic circuits and quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (MOE), Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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125
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Gevorgyan AH. Tunable reflectance of a two-defect-layer cholesteric liquid crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:011702. [PMID: 21405700 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.011702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper we consider reflection spectra peculiarities of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) cell with two defect layers. We consider both the isotropic and anisotropic defect cases. The problem is solved by Ambartsumian's modified layer addition and Muller's matrix methods. We investigated the influence of the defect layer thicknesses and location changes in the CLC cell on the defect modes and the photonic band gap. In particular, we considered (in detail) the cases when the defect layers are half-wave or quarter-wave plates. We also investigated the influence of dielectric borders on the reflection spectra. We showed that the subject system possesses the property of structural nonreciprocity, and that the system can work as a tunable filter, a mirror, and a low threshold laser. We also showed that the system can work as a light modulator, or as an optical diode, or as a system for getting linearly polarized light with electrically tunable polarization plane rotation, as well as a device for getting linearly polarized light from nonpolarized light, again with electrically tunable polarization plane rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gevorgyan
- Department of Physics, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
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126
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Hildner R, Brinks D, Stefani FD, van Hulst NF. Electronic coherences and vibrational wave-packets in single molecules studied with femtosecond phase-controlled spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1888-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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127
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Slodička L, Hétet G, Gerber S, Hennrich M, Blatt R. Electromagnetically induced transparency from a single atom in free space. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:153604. [PMID: 21230903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.153604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report an absorption spectroscopy experiment and the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency from a single trapped atom. We focus a weak and narrow band Gaussian light beam onto an optically cooled 138Ba+ ion using a high numerical aperture lens. Extinction of this beam is observed with measured values of up to 1.35%. We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency of the ion by tuning a strong control beam over a two-photon resonance in a three-level Λ-type system. The probe beam extinction is inhibited by more than 75% due to population trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Slodička
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Davanço M, Srinivasan K. Hybrid gap modes induced by fiber taper waveguides: application in spectroscopy of single solid-state emitters deposited on thin films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:10995-11007. [PMID: 20588955 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.010995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show, via simulations, that an optical fiber taper waveguide can be an efficient tool for photoluminescence and resonant, extinction spectroscopy of single emitters, such as molecules or colloidal quantum dots, deposited on the surface of a thin dielectric membrane. Placed over a high refractive index membrane, a tapered fiber waveguide induces the formation of hybrid mode waves, akin to dielectric slotted waveguide modes, that provide strong field confinement in the low index gap region. The availability of such gap-confined waves yields potentially high spontaneous emission enhancement factors (approximately 20), fluorescence collection efficiencies (approximately 23%), and transmission extinction (approximately 20%) levels. A factor of two improvement in fluorescence and extinction levels is predicted if the membrane is instead replaced with a suspended channel waveguide. Two configurations, for operation in the visible (approximately 600 nm) and near-infrared (approximately 1300 nm) spectral ranges are evaluated, presenting similar performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Davanço
- 1Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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129
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Abdumalikov AA, Astafiev O, Zagoskin AM, Pashkin YA, Nakamura Y, Tsai JS. Electromagnetically induced transparency on a single artificial atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:193601. [PMID: 20866963 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on a single macroscopic artificial "atom" (superconducting quantum system) coupled to open 1D space of a transmission line. Unlike in an optical media with many atoms, the single-atom EIT in 1D space is revealed in suppression of reflection of electromagnetic waves, rather than absorption. The observed almost 100% modulation of the reflection and transmission of propagating microwaves demonstrates full controllability of individual artificial atoms and a possibility to manipulate the atomic states. The system can be used as a switchable mirror of microwaves and opens a good perspective for its applications in photonic quantum information processing and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Abdumalikov
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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130
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Mücke M, Figueroa E, Bochmann J, Hahn C, Murr K, Ritter S, Villas-Boas CJ, Rempe G. Electromagnetically induced transparency with single atoms in a cavity. Nature 2010; 465:755-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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131
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Astafiev OV, Abdumalikov AA, Zagoskin AM, Pashkin YA, Nakamura Y, Tsai JS. Ultimate on-chip quantum amplifier. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:183603. [PMID: 20482174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.183603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report amplification of electromagnetic waves by a single artificial atom in open 1D space. Our three-level artificial atom--a superconducting quantum circuit--coupled to a transmission line presents an analog of a natural atom in open space. The system is the most fundamental quantum amplifier whose gain is limited by a spontaneous emission mechanism. The noise performance is determined by the quantum noise revealed in the spectrum of spontaneous emission, also characterized in our experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Astafiev
- NEC Nano Electronics Research Laboratories, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan
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132
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Mateo-Alonso A, Kulisic N, Valenti G, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F, Prato M. Facile Synthesis of Highly Stable Tetraazaheptacene and Tetraazaoctacene Dyes. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:482-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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133
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Gao L, Du SX, Gao HJ. Anchoring of a single molecular rotor and its array on metal surfaces using molecular design and self-assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:656-71. [PMID: 20386659 PMCID: PMC2852859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalizing of single molecules on surfaces has manifested great potential for bottom-up construction of complex devices on a molecular scale. We discuss the growth mechanism for the initial layers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on metal surfaces and we review our recent progress on molecular machines, and present a molecular rotor with a fixed off-center axis formed by chemical bonding. These results represent important advances in molecular-based nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +86-10-82648035; Fax: +86-10-62556598
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Koenderink AF. Plasmon nanoparticle array waveguides for single photon and single plasmon sources. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4228-4233. [PMID: 19835368 DOI: 10.1021/nl902439n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This Letter discusses how linear coupled plasmon particle arrays inspired by radio frequency Yagi-Uda antennas can be used to construct both efficient unidirectional single photon sources and efficient directional single plasmon sources. Calculations using an exact multipole expansion method are presented of the spontaneous emission directivity, efficiency, and spontaneous emission decay rates, taking into account material loss in real noble metals. An analysis of the emission properties in terms of the dispersion relation of infinite arrays reveals how one can use guided mode dispersion to achieve desirable figures of merit. The key ingredient is to couple the source to array eigenmodes that are just beyond the light line but still wave vector matched to propagating modes to within the momentum uncertainty set by the inverse antenna length. Finally, this Letter shows that the emission decay rates can be controlled independently of the directionality and without penalty in quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Femius Koenderink
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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