101
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Wenderski W, Maze I. Histone turnover and chromatin accessibility: Critical mediators of neurological development, plasticity, and disease. Bioessays 2016; 38:410-9. [PMID: 26990528 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In postmitotic neurons, nucleosomal turnover was long considered to be a static process that is inconsequential to transcription. However, our recent studies in human and rodent brain indicate that replication-independent (RI) nucleosomal turnover, which requires the histone variant H3.3, is dynamic throughout life and is necessary for activity-dependent gene expression, synaptic connectivity, and cognition. H3.3 turnover also facilitates cellular lineage specification and plays a role in suppressing the expression of heterochromatic repetitive elements, including mutagenic transposable sequences, in mouse embryonic stem cells. In this essay, we review mechanisms and functions for RI nucleosomal turnover in brain and present the hypothesis that defects in histone dynamics may represent a common mechanism underlying neurological aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wenderski
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian Maze
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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102
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Jeronimo C, Robert F. Histone chaperones FACT and Spt6 prevent histone variants from turning into histone deviants. Bioessays 2016; 38:420-6. [PMID: 26990181 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Histone variants are specialized histones which replace their canonical counterparts in specific nucleosomes. Together with histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation, they contribute to the epigenome. Histone variants are incorporated at specific locations by the concerted action of histone chaperones and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. Recent studies have shown that the histone chaperone FACT plays key roles in preventing pervasive incorporation of two histone variants: H2A.Z and CenH3/CENP-A. In addition, Spt6, another histone chaperone, was also shown to be important for appropriate H2A.Z localization. FACT and Spt6 are both associated with elongating RNA polymerase II. Based on these two examples, we propose that the establishment and maintenance of histone variant genomic distributions depend on a transcription-coupled epigenome editing (or surveillance) function of histone chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Jeronimo
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Robert
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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103
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Liang X, Shan S, Pan L, Zhao J, Ranjan A, Wang F, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Feng H, Wei D, Huang L, Liu X, Zhong Q, Lou J, Li G, Wu C, Zhou Z. Structural basis of H2A.Z recognition by SRCAP chromatin-remodeling subunit YL1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:317-23. [PMID: 26974124 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histone variant H2A.Z, a universal mark of dynamic nucleosomes flanking gene promoters and enhancers, is incorporated into chromatin by SRCAP (SWR1), an ATP-dependent, multicomponent chromatin-remodeling complex. The YL1 (Swc2) subunit of SRCAP (SWR1) plays an essential role in H2A.Z recognition, but how it achieves this has been unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the H2A.Z-binding domain of Drosophila melanogaster YL1 (dYL1-Z) in complex with an H2A.Z-H2B dimer at 1.9-Å resolution. The dYL1-Z domain adopts a new whip-like structure that wraps over H2A.Z-H2B, and preferential recognition is largely conferred by three residues in loop 2, the hyperacidic patch and the extended αC helix of H2A.Z. Importantly, this domain is essential for deposition of budding yeast H2A.Z in vivo and SRCAP (SWR1)-catalyzed histone H2A.Z replacement in vitro. Our studies distinguish YL1-Z from known H2A.Z chaperones and suggest a hierarchical mechanism based on increasing binding affinity facilitating H2A.Z transfer from SRCAP (SWR1) to the nucleosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Shan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anand Ranjan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhuqiang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzi Huang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqiao Feng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Debbie Wei
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Huang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhong Lou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carl Wu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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104
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Tsunaka Y, Fujiwara Y, Oyama T, Hirose S, Morikawa K. Integrated molecular mechanism directing nucleosome reorganization by human FACT. Genes Dev 2016; 30:673-86. [PMID: 26966247 PMCID: PMC4803053 DOI: 10.1101/gad.274183.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays essential roles in chromatin remodeling during DNA transcription, replication, and repair. Tsunaka et al. studied human FACT–histone interactions that present precise views of nucleosome reorganization, conducted by the FACT-SPT16 Mid domain and its adjacent acidic AID segment. Facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays essential roles in chromatin remodeling during DNA transcription, replication, and repair. Our structural and biochemical studies of human FACT–histone interactions present precise views of nucleosome reorganization, conducted by the FACT-SPT16 (suppressor of Ty 16) Mid domain and its adjacent acidic AID segment. AID accesses the H2B N-terminal basic region exposed by partial unwrapping of the nucleosomal DNA, thereby triggering the invasion of FACT into the nucleosome. The crystal structure of the Mid domain complexed with an H3–H4 tetramer exhibits two separate contact sites; the Mid domain forms a novel intermolecular β structure with H4. At the other site, the Mid–H2A steric collision on the H2A-docking surface of the H3–H4 tetramer within the nucleosome induces H2A–H2B displacement. This integrated mechanism results in disrupting the H3 αN helix, which is essential for retaining the nucleosomal DNA ends, and hence facilitates DNA stripping from histone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Tsunaka
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoemachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; International Institute for Advanced Studies, Kizugawa-shi, Kyoto 619-0225, Japan
| | - Yoshie Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoemachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Hirose
- Department of Developmental Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morikawa
- Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoemachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; International Institute for Advanced Studies, Kizugawa-shi, Kyoto 619-0225, Japan
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105
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Morgan MT, Haj-Yahya M, Ringel AE, Bandi P, Brik A, Wolberger C. Structural basis for histone H2B deubiquitination by the SAGA DUB module. Science 2016; 351:725-8. [PMID: 26912860 PMCID: PMC4863942 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoubiquitinated histone H2B plays multiple roles in transcription activation. H2B is deubiquitinated by the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) coactivator, which contains a four-protein subcomplex known as the deubiquitinating (DUB) module. The crystal structure of the Ubp8/Sgf11/Sus1/Sgf73 DUB module bound to a ubiquitinated nucleosome reveals that the DUB module primarily contacts H2A/H2B, with an arginine cluster on the Sgf11 zinc finger domain docking on the conserved H2A/H2B acidic patch. The Ubp8 catalytic domain mediates additional contacts with H2B, as well as with the conjugated ubiquitin. We find that the DUB module deubiquitinates H2B both in the context of the nucleosome and in H2A/H2B dimers complexed with the histone chaperone, FACT, suggesting that SAGA could target H2B at multiple stages of nucleosome disassembly and reassembly during transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Morgan
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mahmood Haj-Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alison E Ringel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Prasanthi Bandi
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Cynthia Wolberger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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106
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Kellner N, Schwarz J, Sturm M, Fernandez-Martinez J, Griesel S, Zhang W, Chait BT, Rout MP, Kück U, Hurt E. Developing genetic tools to exploit Chaetomium thermophilum for biochemical analyses of eukaryotic macromolecular assemblies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20937. [PMID: 26864114 PMCID: PMC4750058 DOI: 10.1038/srep20937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a method to genetically manipulate Chaetomium thermophilum, a eukaryotic thermophile, along with various biochemical applications. The transformation method depends on a thermostable endogenous selection marker operating at high temperatures combined with chromosomal integration of target genes. Our technique allows exploiting eukaryotic thermophiles as source for purifying thermostable native macromolecular complexes with an emphasis on the nuclear pore complex, holding great potential for applications in basic science and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Kellner
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Sturm
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Fernandez-Martinez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology and Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabine Griesel
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology and Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian T Chait
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology and Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology and Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ulrich Kück
- Department for General and Molecular Botany, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ed Hurt
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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107
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Marcianò G, Huang DT. Structure of the human histone chaperone FACT Spt16 N-terminal domain. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:121-8. [PMID: 26841762 PMCID: PMC4741192 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15024565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone chaperone FACT plays an important role in facilitating nucleosome assembly and disassembly during transcription. FACT is a heterodimeric complex consisting of Spt16 and SSRP1. The N-terminal domain of Spt16 resembles an inactive aminopeptidase. How this domain contributes to the histone chaperone activity of FACT remains elusive. Here, the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of human Spt16 is reported at a resolution of 1.84 Å. The structure adopts an aminopeptidase-like fold similar to those of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Spt16 NTDs. Isothermal titration calorimetry analyses show that human Spt16 NTD binds histones H3/H4 with low-micromolar affinity, suggesting that Spt16 NTD may contribute to histone binding in the FACT complex. Surface-residue conservation and electrostatic analysis reveal a conserved acidic patch that may be involved in histone binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Marcianò
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland
| | - D. T. Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland
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108
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Yang J, Zhang X, Feng J, Leng H, Li S, Xiao J, Liu S, Xu Z, Xu J, Li D, Wang Z, Wang J, Li Q. The Histone Chaperone FACT Contributes to DNA Replication-Coupled Nucleosome Assembly. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1128-1141. [PMID: 26804921 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication-coupled (RC) nucleosome assembly is mediated by histone chaperones and is fundamental for epigenetic inheritance and maintenance of genomic integrity. The mechanisms that promote this process are only partially understood. Here, we show that the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transactions), consisting of Spt16 and Pob3, promotes newly synthesized histone H3-H4 deposition. We describe an allele of Spt16 (spt16-m) that has a defect in binding to H3-H4 and impairs their deposition onto DNA. Consistent with a direct role for FACT in RC nucleosome assembly, spt16-m displays synthetic defects with other histone chaperones associated with this process, CAF-1 and Rtt106. Importantly, we show that FACT physically associates with Rtt106 and that the acetylation of H3K56, a mark on newly synthesized H3, modulates this interaction. Therefore, FACT collaborates with CAF-1 and Rtt106 in RC nucleosome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - He Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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109
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Silva-Martin N, Daudén MI, Glatt S, Hoffmann NA, Kastritis P, Bork P, Beck M, Müller CW. The Combination of X-Ray Crystallography and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Provides Insight into the Overall Architecture of the Dodecameric Rvb1/Rvb2 Complex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146457. [PMID: 26745716 PMCID: PMC4706439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rvb1/Rvb2 complex is an essential component of many cellular pathways. The Rvb1/Rvb2 complex forms a dodecameric assembly where six copies of each subunit form two heterohexameric rings. However, due to conformational variability, the way the two rings pack together is still not fully understood. Here, we present the crystal structure and two cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of the dodecameric, full-length Rvb1/Rvb2 complex, all showing that the interaction between the two heterohexameric rings is mediated through the Rvb1/Rvb2-specific domain II. Two conformations of the Rvb1/Rvb2 dodecamer are present in solution: a stretched conformation also present in the crystal, and a compact conformation. Novel asymmetric features observed in the reconstruction of the compact conformation provide additional insight into the plasticity of the Rvb1/Rvb2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noella Silva-Martin
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - María I. Daudén
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Glatt
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas A. Hoffmann
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Kastritis
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Beck
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph W. Müller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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110
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Hayashi G, Sueoka T, Okamoto A. In vitro and in cell analysis of chemically synthesized histone H2A with multiple modifications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4999-5002. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthetic route to histone H2A is described. An H2A–H2B dimer, histone octamer, and nucleosome were reconstituted with the synthetic H2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Takuma Sueoka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
- Address Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
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111
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Zhang W, Zeng F, Liu Y, Shao C, Li S, Lv H, Shi Y, Niu L, Teng M, Li X. Crystal Structure of Human SSRP1 Middle Domain Reveals a Role in DNA Binding. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18688. [PMID: 26687053 PMCID: PMC4685450 DOI: 10.1038/srep18688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SSRP1 is a subunit of the FACT complex, an important histone chaperone required for transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and damage repair. SSRP1 also plays important roles in transcriptional regulation independent of Spt16 and interacts with other proteins. Here, we report the crystal structure of the middle domain of SSRP1. It consists of tandem pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. These domains differ from the typical PH domain in that PH1 domain has an extra conserved βαβ topology. SSRP1 contains the well-characterized DNA-binding HMG-1 domain. Our studies revealed that SSRP1-M can also participate in DNA binding, and that this binding involves one positively charged patch on the surface of the structure. In addition, SSRP1-M did not bind to histones, which was assessed through pull-down assays. This aspect makes the protein different from other related proteins adopting the double PH domain structure. Our studies facilitate the understanding of SSRP1 and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of interaction with DNA and histones of the FACT complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Shao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Maikun Teng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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112
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Hoffmann C, Neumann H. In Vivo Mapping of FACT-Histone Interactions Identifies a Role of Pob3 C-terminus in H2A-H2B Binding. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2753-63. [PMID: 26414936 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone chaperones assist nucleosomal rearrangements to facilitate the passage of DNA and RNA polymerases through chromatin. The FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex is a conserved histone chaperone involved in transcription, replication, and repair. The complex consists of two major subunits, Spt16 and SSRP1/Pob3 in mammals and yeast, which engage histones and DNA by multiple contacts. However, the precise mechanism of FACT function is largely unclear. Here, we used the genetically installed UV-activatable cross-linker amino acid p-benzoylphenylalanine (pBPA) to map the interaction network of FACT in living yeast. Unexpectedly, we found the acidic C-terminus of Pob3 forming cross-links to histone H2A and H2B most efficiently. This observation was independent of the performed cross-linking chemistry since similar histone cross-links were obtained using p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF). Further analyses identified a C-terminal nuclear localization sequence in Pob3. Its interaction with Importin-α interfered with H2A-H2B binding, which suggests a possible regulatory role in FACT recruitment to chromatin. Deletion of acidic residues from the Pob3 C-terminus creates a hydroxyurea-sensitive phenotype in budding yeast, suggesting a potential role for this domain in DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hoffmann
- Free Floater (Junior) Research
Group “Applied Synthetic Biology”, Georg-August University Göttingen, Institute
for Microbiology and Genetics, Justus-von-Liebig
Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinz Neumann
- Free Floater (Junior) Research
Group “Applied Synthetic Biology”, Georg-August University Göttingen, Institute
for Microbiology and Genetics, Justus-von-Liebig
Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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113
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Bondarenko MT, Maluchenko NV, Valieva ME, Gerasimova NS, Kulaeva OI, Georgiev PG, Studitsky VM. Structure and function of histone chaperone FACT. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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114
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Live detection and purification of cells based on the expression of a histone chaperone, HIRA, using a binding peptide. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17218. [PMID: 26596463 PMCID: PMC4657044 DOI: 10.1038/srep17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowcytometry is a reliable method for identification and purification of live cells from a heterogeneous population. Since permeabilized cells cannot be sorted live in a FACS sorter, its application in isolation of functional cells largely depends on antibodies for surface markers. In various fields of biology we find intracellular markers that reveal subpopulations of biological significance. Cell cycle stage specific molecules, metastatic signature molecules, stemness associated proteins etc. are examples of potential markers that could improve the research and therapy enormously. Currently their use is restricted by lack of techniques that allow live detection. Even though a few methods like aptamers, droplet-based microfluidics and smartflares are reported, their application is limited. Here, for the first time we report a simple, cost-effective and efficient method of live sorting of cells based on the expression of an intracellular marker using a fluorophore-tagged binding peptide. The target molecule selected was a histone chaperone, HIRA, the expression of which can predict the fate of differentiating myoblast. Our results confirm that the peptide shows specific interaction with its target; and it can be used to separate cells with differential expression of HIRA. Further, this method offers high purity and viability for the isolated cells.
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115
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Mattiroli F, D'Arcy S, Luger K. The right place at the right time: chaperoning core histone variants. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1454-66. [PMID: 26459557 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone proteins dynamically regulate chromatin structure and epigenetic signaling to maintain cell homeostasis. These processes require controlled spatial and temporal deposition and eviction of histones by their dedicated chaperones. With the evolution of histone variants, a network of functionally specific histone chaperones has emerged. Molecular details of the determinants of chaperone specificity for different histone variants are only slowly being resolved. A complete understanding of these processes is essential to shed light on the genuine biological roles of histone variants, their chaperones, and their impact on chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mattiroli
- Department of Molecular and Radiobiological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Molecular and Radiobiological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Molecular and Radiobiological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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116
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FACT Disrupts Nucleosome Structure by Binding H2A-H2B with Conserved Peptide Motifs. Mol Cell 2015; 60:294-306. [PMID: 26455391 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
FACT, a heterodimer of Spt16 and Pob3, is an essential histone chaperone. We show that the H2A-H2B binding activity that is central to FACT function resides in short acidic regions near the C termini of each subunit. Mutations throughout these regions affect binding and cause correlated phenotypes that range from mild to lethal, with the largest individual contributions unexpectedly coming from an aromatic residue and a nearby carboxylate residue within each domain. Spt16 and Pob3 bind overlapping sites on H2A-H2B, and Spt16-Pob3 heterodimers simultaneously bind two H2A-H2B dimers, the same stoichiometry as the components of a nucleosome. An Spt16:H2A-H2B crystal structure explains the biochemical and genetic data, provides a model for Pob3 binding, and implies a mechanism for FACT reorganization that we confirm biochemically. Moreover, unexpected similarity to binding of ANP32E and Swr1 with H2A.Z-H2B reveals that diverse H2A-H2B chaperones use common mechanisms of histone binding and regulating nucleosome functions.
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117
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The Abundant Histone Chaperones Spt6 and FACT Collaborate to Assemble, Inspect, and Maintain Chromatin Structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2015; 201:1031-45. [PMID: 26416482 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.180794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spt6 protein is a conserved chromatin factor with several distinct functional domains, including a natively unstructured 30-residue N-terminal region that binds competitively with Spn1 or nucleosomes. To uncover physiological roles of these interactions, we isolated histone mutations that suppress defects caused by weakening Spt6:Spn1 binding with the spt6-F249K mutation. The strongest suppressor was H2A-N39K, which perturbs the point of contact between the two H2A-H2B dimers in an assembled nucleosome. Substantial suppression also was observed when the H2A-H2B interface with H3-H4 was altered, and many members of this class of mutations also suppressed a defect in another essential histone chaperone, FACT. Spt6 is best known as an H3-H4 chaperone, but we found that it binds with similar affinity to H2A-H2B or H3-H4. Like FACT, Spt6 is therefore capable of binding each of the individual components of a nucleosome, but unlike FACT, Spt6 did not produce endonuclease-sensitive reorganized nucleosomes and did not displace H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes. Spt6 and FACT therefore have distinct activities, but defects can be suppressed by overlapping histone mutations. We also found that Spt6 and FACT together are nearly as abundant as nucleosomes, with ∼24,000 Spt6 molecules, ∼42,000 FACT molecules, and ∼75,000 nucleosomes per cell. Histone mutations that destabilize interfaces within nucleosomes therefore reveal multiple spatial regions that have both common and distinct roles in the functions of these two essential and abundant histone chaperones. We discuss these observations in terms of different potential roles for chaperones in both promoting the assembly of nucleosomes and monitoring their quality.
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118
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Chen CC, Bowers S, Lipinszki Z, Palladino J, Trusiak S, Bettini E, Rosin L, Przewloka MR, Glover DM, O'Neill RJ, Mellone BG. Establishment of Centromeric Chromatin by the CENP-A Assembly Factor CAL1 Requires FACT-Mediated Transcription. Dev Cell 2015; 34:73-84. [PMID: 26151904 PMCID: PMC4495351 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Centromeres are essential chromosomal structures that mediate accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Centromeres are specified epigenetically by the heritable incorporation of the centromeric histone H3 variant CENP-A. While many of the primary factors that mediate centromeric deposition of CENP-A are known, the chromatin and DNA requirements of this process have remained elusive. Here, we uncover a role for transcription in Drosophila CENP-A deposition. Using an inducible ectopic centromere system that uncouples CENP-A deposition from endogenous centromere function and cell-cycle progression, we demonstrate that CENP-A assembly by its loading factor, CAL1, requires RNAPII-mediated transcription of the underlying DNA. This transcription depends on the CAL1 binding partner FACT, but not on CENP-A incorporation. Our work establishes RNAPII passage as a key step in chaperone-mediated CENP-A chromatin establishment and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sarion Bowers
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zoltan Lipinszki
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK; Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 521, 6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jason Palladino
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sarah Trusiak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Emily Bettini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Leah Rosin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | - David M Glover
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Rachel J O'Neill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Barbara G Mellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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119
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Zhou W, Zhu Y, Dong A, Shen WH. Histone H2A/H2B chaperones: from molecules to chromatin-based functions in plant growth and development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:78-95. [PMID: 25781491 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosomal core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) must be assembled, replaced or exchanged to preserve or modify chromatin organization and function according to cellular needs. Histone chaperones escort histones, and play key functions during nucleosome assembly/disassembly and in nucleosome structure configuration. Because of their location at the periphery of nucleosome, histone H2A-H2B dimers are remarkably dynamic. Here we focus on plant histone H2A/H2B chaperones, particularly members of the NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN-1 (NAP1) and FACILITATES CHROMATIN TRANSCRIPTION (FACT) families, discussing their molecular features, properties, regulation and function. Covalent histone modifications (e.g. ubiquitination, phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation) and H2A variants (H2A.Z, H2A.X and H2A.W) are also discussed in view of their crucial importance in modulating nucleosome organization and function. We further discuss roles of NAP1 and FACT in chromatin-based processes, such as transcription, DNA replication and repair. Specific functions of NAP1 and FACT are evident when their roles are considered with respect to regulation of plant growth and development and in plant responses to environmental stresses. Future major challenges remain in order to define in more detail the overlapping and specific roles of various members of the NAP1 family as well as differences and similarities between NAP1 and FACT family members, and to identify and characterize their partners as well as new families of chaperones to understand histone variant incorporation and chromatin target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20043, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20043, China
| | - Aiwu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20043, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20043, China
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France
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120
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Dvořáčková M, Fojtová M, Fajkus J. Chromatin dynamics of plant telomeres and ribosomal genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:18-37. [PMID: 25752316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres and genes encoding 45S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) are frequently located adjacent to each other on eukaryotic chromosomes. Although their primary roles are different, they show striking similarities with respect to their features and additional functions. Both genome domains have remarkably dynamic chromatin structures. Both are hypersensitive to dysfunctional histone chaperones, responding at the genomic and epigenomic levels. Both generate non-coding transcripts that, in addition to their epigenetic roles, may induce gross chromosomal rearrangements. Both give rise to chromosomal fragile sites, as their replication is intrinsically problematic. However, at the same time, both are essential for maintenance of genomic stability and integrity. Here we discuss the structural and functional inter-connectivity of telomeres and rDNA, with a focus on recent results obtained in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dvořáčková
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslava Fojtová
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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121
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Reconstitution of mitotic chromatids with a minimum set of purified factors. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1014-23. [PMID: 26075356 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of mitotic chromosomes, each composed of a pair of rod-shaped chromatids, is an essential prerequisite for accurate transmission of the genome during cell division. It remains poorly understood, however, how this fundamental process might be achieved and regulated in the cell. Here we report an in vitro system in which mitotic chromatids can be reconstituted by mixing a simple substrate with only six purified factors: core histones, three histone chaperones (nucleoplasmin, Nap1 and FACT), topoisomerase II (topo II) and condensin I. We find that octameric nucleosomes containing the embryonic variant H2A.X-F are highly susceptible to FACT and function as the most productive substrate for subsequent actions of topo II and condensin I. Cdk1 phosphorylation of condensin I is the sole mitosis-specific modification required for chromatid reconstitution. This experimental system will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of action of individual factors and their cooperation during this process.
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122
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Histone Sprocket Arginine Residues Are Important for Gene Expression, DNA Repair, and Cell Viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2015; 200:795-806. [PMID: 25971662 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.175885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical feature of the intermolecular contacts that bind DNA to the histone octamer is the series of histone arginine residues that insert into the DNA minor groove at each superhelical location where the minor groove faces the histone octamer. One of these "sprocket" arginine residues, histone H4 R45, significantly affects chromatin structure in vivo and is lethal when mutated to alanine or cysteine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast). However, the roles of the remaining sprocket arginine residues (H3 R63, H3 R83, H2A R43, H2B R36, H2A R78, H3 R49) in chromatin structure and other cellular processes have not been well characterized. We have genetically characterized mutations in each of these histone residues when introduced either singly or in combination to yeast cells. We find that pairs of arginine residues that bind DNA adjacent to the DNA exit/entry sites in the nucleosome are lethal in yeast when mutated in combination and cause a defect in histone occupancy. Furthermore, mutations in individual residues compromise repair of UV-induced DNA lesions and affect gene expression and cryptic transcription. This study reveals simple rules for how the location and structural mode of DNA binding influence the biological function of each histone sprocket arginine residue.
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123
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Shaytan AK, Landsman D, Panchenko AR. Nucleosome adaptability conferred by sequence and structural variations in histone H2A-H2B dimers. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 32:48-57. [PMID: 25731851 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosome variability is essential for their functions in compacting the chromatin structure and regulation of transcription, replication and cell reprogramming. The DNA molecule in nucleosomes is wrapped around an octamer composed of four types of core histones (H3, H4, H2A, H2B). Nucleosomes represent dynamic entities and may change their conformation, stability and binding properties by employing different sets of histone variants or by becoming post-translationally modified. There are many variants of histones H2A and H2B. Specific H2A and H2B variants may preferentially associate with each other resulting in different combinations of variants and leading to the increased combinatorial complexity of nucleosomes. In addition, the H2A-H2B dimer can be recognized and substituted by chaperones/remodelers as a distinct unit, can assemble independently and is stable during nucleosome unwinding. In this review we discuss how sequence and structural variations in H2A-H2B dimers may provide necessary complexity and confer the nucleosome functional variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey K Shaytan
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - David Landsman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Anna R Panchenko
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
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124
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A systematic mutational analysis of a histone H3 residue in budding yeast provides insights into chromatin dynamics. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:741-9. [PMID: 25711831 PMCID: PMC4426362 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.017376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In previous work using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system, a mutant version of histone H3-H3-L61W-was found to confer a variety of abnormal growth phenotypes and defects in specific aspects of the transcription process, including a pronounced alteration in the distribution pattern of the transcription elongation factor Spt16 across transcribed genes and promotion of cryptic transcription initiation within the FLO8 gene. To gain insights into the contribution of the H3-L61 residue to chromatin function, we have generated yeast strains expressing versions of histone H3 harboring all possible natural amino acid substitutions at position 61 (H3-L61X mutants) and tested them in a series of assays. We found that whereas 16 of the 19 H3-L61X mutants support viability when expressed as the sole source of histone H3 in cells, all 19 confer abnormal phenotypes ranging from very mild to severe, a finding that might in part explain the high degree of conservation of the H3-L61 residue among eukaryotes. An examination of the strength of the defects conferred by each H3-L61X mutant and the nature of the corresponding substituted residue provides insights into structural features of the nucleosome required for proper Spt16-gene interactions and for prevention of cryptic transcription initiation events. Finally, we provide evidence that the defects imparted by H3-L61X mutants on Spt16-gene interactions and on repression of intragenic transcription initiation are mechanistically related to each other.
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125
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Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:178-89. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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126
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Gurard-Levin ZA, Quivy JP, Almouzni G. Histone chaperones: assisting histone traffic and nucleosome dynamics. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 83:487-517. [PMID: 24905786 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The functional organization of eukaryotic DNA into chromatin uses histones as components of its building block, the nucleosome. Histone chaperones, which are proteins that escort histones throughout their cellular life, are key actors in all facets of histone metabolism; they regulate the supply and dynamics of histones at chromatin for its assembly and disassembly. Histone chaperones can also participate in the distribution of histone variants, thereby defining distinct chromatin landscapes of importance for genome function, stability, and cell identity. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of the known histone chaperones and their histone partners, focusing on histone H3 and its variants. We then place them into an escort network that distributes these histones in various deposition pathways. Through their distinct interfaces, we show how they affect dynamics during DNA replication, DNA damage, and transcription, and how they maintain genome integrity. Finally, we discuss the importance of histone chaperones during development and describe how misregulation of the histone flow can link to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Gurard-Levin
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; CNRS UMR 3664; Equipe Labellisée, Ligue contre le Cancer; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris F-75248, France;
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127
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Bock T, Chen WH, Ori A, Malik N, Silva-Martin N, Huerta-Cepas J, Powell ST, Kastritis PL, Smyshlyaev G, Vonkova I, Kirkpatrick J, Doerks T, Nesme L, Baßler J, Kos M, Hurt E, Carlomagno T, Gavin AC, Barabas O, Müller CW, van Noort V, Beck M, Bork P. An integrated approach for genome annotation of the eukaryotic thermophile Chaetomium thermophilum. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13525-33. [PMID: 25398899 PMCID: PMC4267624 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum holds great promise for structural biology. To increase the efficiency of its biochemical and structural characterization and to explore its thermophilic properties beyond those of individual proteins, we obtained transcriptomics and proteomics data, and integrated them with computational annotation methods and a multitude of biochemical experiments conducted by the structural biology community. We considerably improved the genome annotation of Chaetomium thermophilum and characterized the transcripts and expression of thousands of genes. We furthermore show that the composition and structure of the expressed proteome of Chaetomium thermophilum is similar to its mesophilic relatives. Data were deposited in a publicly available repository and provide a rich source to the structural biology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bock
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nayab Malik
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noella Silva-Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaime Huerta-Cepas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sean T Powell
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis L Kastritis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgy Smyshlyaev
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Systems, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivana Vonkova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Proteomics Core Facility, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Doerks
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leo Nesme
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Baßler
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, INF328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kos
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, INF328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ed Hurt
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, INF328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Carlomagno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Orsolya Barabas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph W Müller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera van Noort
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Beck
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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128
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Transcribing through the nucleosome. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:577-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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130
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Tessarz P, Kouzarides T. Histone core modifications regulating nucleosome structure and dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:703-8. [PMID: 25315270 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of histones regulate all DNA-templated processes, including replication, transcription and repair. These modifications function as platforms for the recruitment of specific effector proteins, such as transcriptional regulators or chromatin remodellers. Recent data suggest that histone modifications also have a direct effect on nucleosomal architecture. Acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and citrullination of the histone core may influence chromatin structure by affecting histone-histone and histone-DNA interactions, as well as the binding of histones to chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tessarz
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; and the Max Planck Research Group 'Chromatin and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
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131
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Deyter GMR, Biggins S. The FACT complex interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Psh1 to prevent ectopic localization of CENP-A. Genes Dev 2014; 28:1815-26. [PMID: 25128498 PMCID: PMC4197964 DOI: 10.1101/gad.243113.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Centromere identity and its epigenetic maintenance require the incorporation of the histone H3 variant CENP-A at centromeres. CENP-A mislocalization may disrupt chromatin-based processes and chromosome segregation. Here, Deyter and Biggins identify a role for the conserved chromatin-modifying complex FACT in preventing CENP-ACse4 mislocalization to euchromatin by mediating its proteolysis. The budding yeast Spt16 subunit of the FACT complex binds to Psh1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets CENP-ACse4 for degradation. A Psh1 mutant that cannot associate with FACT has a reduced interaction with CENP-ACse4 in vivo. Centromere identity and its epigenetic maintenance require the incorporation of a histone H3 variant called CENP-A at centromeres. CENP-A mislocalization to ectopic sites may disrupt chromatin-based processes and chromosome segregation, so it is important to uncover the mechanisms by which this variant is exclusively localized to centromeres. Here, we identify a role for the conserved chromatin-modifying complex FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription/transactions) in preventing budding yeast CENP-ACse4 mislocalization to euchromatin by mediating its proteolysis. The Spt16 subunit of the FACT complex binds to Psh1 (Pob3/Spt16/histone), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets CENP-ACse4 for degradation. The interaction between Psh1 and Spt16 is critical for both CENP-ACse4 ubiquitylation and its exclusion from euchromatin. We found that Psh1 cannot efficiently ubiquitylate CENP-ACse4 nucleosomes in vitro, suggesting that additional factors must facilitate CENP-ACse4 removal from chromatin in vivo. Consistent with this, a Psh1 mutant that cannot associate with FACT has a reduced interaction with CENP-ACse4 in vivo. Together, our data identify a previously unknown mechanism to maintain centromere identity and genomic stability through the FACT-mediated degradation of ectopically localized CENP-ACse4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M R Deyter
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sue Biggins
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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132
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Hong J, Feng H, Wang F, Ranjan A, Chen J, Jiang J, Ghirlando R, Xiao TS, Wu C, Bai Y. The catalytic subunit of the SWR1 remodeler is a histone chaperone for the H2A.Z-H2B dimer. Mol Cell 2014; 53:498-505. [PMID: 24507717 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Histone variant H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes exist at most eukaryotic promoters and play important roles in gene transcription and genome stability. The multisubunit nucleosome-remodeling enzyme complex SWR1, conserved from yeast to mammals, catalyzes the ATP-dependent replacement of histone H2A in canonical nucleosomes with H2A.Z. How SWR1 catalyzes the replacement reaction is largely unknown. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the N-terminal region (599-627) of the catalytic subunit Swr1, termed Swr1-Z domain, in complex with the H2A.Z-H2B dimer at 1.78 Å resolution. The Swr1-Z domain forms a 310 helix and an irregular chain. A conserved LxxLF motif in the Swr1-Z 310 helix specifically recognizes the αC helix of H2A.Z. Our results show that the Swr1-Z domain can deliver the H2A.Z-H2B dimer to the DNA-(H3-H4)2 tetrasome to form the nucleosome by a histone chaperone mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Hong
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hanqiao Feng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anand Ranjan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiansheng Jiang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - T Sam Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carl Wu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Yawen Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Mao Z, Pan L, Wang W, Sun J, Shan S, Dong Q, Liang X, Dai L, Ding X, Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhu B, Zhou Z. Anp32e, a higher eukaryotic histone chaperone directs preferential recognition for H2A.Z. Cell Res 2014; 24:389-99. [PMID: 24613878 PMCID: PMC3975505 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
H2A.Z is a highly conserved histone variant in all species. The chromatin deposition of H2A.Z is specifically catalyzed by the yeast chromatin remodeling complex SWR1 and its mammalian counterpart SRCAP. However, the mechanism by which H2A.Z is preferentially recognized by non-histone proteins remains elusive. Here we identified Anp32e, a novel higher eukaryote-specific histone chaperone for H2A.Z. Anp32e preferentially associates with H2A.Z-H2B dimers rather than H2A-H2B dimers in vitro and in vivo and dissociates non-nucleosomal aggregates formed by DNA and H2A-H2B. We determined the crystal structure of the Anp32e chaperone domain (186-232) in complex with the H2A.Z-H2B dimer. In this structure, the region containing Anp32e residues 214-224, which is absent in other Anp32 family proteins, specifically interacts with the extended H2A.Z αC helix, which exhibits an unexpected conformational change. Genome-wide profiling of Anp32e revealed a remarkable co-occupancy between Anp32e and H2A.Z. Cells overexpressing Anp32e displayed a strong global H2A.Z loss at the +1 nucleosomes, whereas cells depleted of Anp32e displayed a moderate global H2A.Z increase at the +1 nucleosomes. This suggests that Anp32e may help to resolve the non-nucleosomal H2A.Z aggregates and also facilitate the removal of H2A.Z at the +1 nucleosomes, and the latter may help RNA polymerase II to pass the first nucleosomal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Mao
- 1] Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China [2] National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lu Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weixiang Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shan Shan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linchang Dai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojun Ding
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuqiang Zhang
- 1] National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China [2] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- 1] Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China [2] National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China [3] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Center for Age-related Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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134
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Voth WP, Takahata S, Nishikawa JL, Metcalfe BM, Näär AM, Stillman DJ. A role for FACT in repopulation of nucleosomes at inducible genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84092. [PMID: 24392107 PMCID: PMC3879260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic drugs induce Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR) genes via the orthologous Pdr1/Pdr3 transcription activators. We previously identified the Mediator transcription co-activator complex as a key target of Pdr1 orthologs and demonstrated that Pdr1 interacts directly with the Gal11/Med15 subunit of the Mediator complex. Based on an interaction between Pdr1 and the FACT complex, we show that strains with spt16 or pob3 mutations are sensitive to xenobiotic drugs and display diminished PDR gene induction. Although FACT acts during the activation of some genes by assisting in the nucleosomes eviction at promoters, PDR promoters already contain nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) before induction. To determine the function of FACT at PDR genes, we examined the kinetics of RNA accumulation and changes in nucleosome occupancy following exposure to a xenobiotic drug in wild type and FACT mutant yeast strains. In the presence of normal FACT, PDR genes are transcribed within 5 minutes of xenobiotic stimulation and transcription returns to basal levels by 30–40 min. Nucleosomes are constitutively depleted in the promoter regions, are lost from the open reading frames during transcription, and the ORFs are wholly repopulated with nucleosomes as transcription ceases. While FACT mutations cause minor delays in activation of PDR genes, much more pronounced and significant defects in nucleosome repopulation in the ORFs are observed in FACT mutants upon transcription termination. FACT therefore has a major role in nucleosome redeposition following cessation of transcription at the PDR genes, the opposite of its better-known function in nucleosome disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren P. Voth
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shinya Takahata
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Joy L. Nishikawa
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Metcalfe
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Anders M. Näär
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Stillman
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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135
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Karch KR, Denizio JE, Black BE, Garcia BA. Identification and interrogation of combinatorial histone modifications. Front Genet 2013; 4:264. [PMID: 24391660 PMCID: PMC3868920 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone proteins are dynamically modified to mediate a variety of cellular processes including gene transcription, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. Regulation of these processes occurs through the recruitment of non-histone proteins to chromatin by specific combinations of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Mass spectrometry has emerged as an essential tool to discover and quantify histone PTMs both within and between samples in an unbiased manner. Developments in mass spectrometry that allow for characterization of large histone peptides or intact protein has made it possible to determine which modifications occur simultaneously on a single histone polypeptide. A variety of techniques from biochemistry, biophysics, and chemical biology have been employed to determine the biological relevance of discovered combinatorial codes. This review first describes advancements in the field of mass spectrometry that have facilitated histone PTM analysis and then covers notable approaches to probe the biological relevance of these modifications in their nucleosomal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Karch
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie E Denizio
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ben E Black
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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136
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Oliveira DV, Kato A, Nakamura K, Ikura T, Okada M, Kobayashi J, Yanagihara H, Saito Y, Tauchi H, Komatsu K. Histone chaperone FACT regulates homologous recombination by chromatin remodeling through interaction with RNF20. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:763-72. [PMID: 24357716 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.135855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF20 regulates chromatin structure through ubiquitylation of histone H2B, so that early homologous recombination repair (HRR) proteins can access the DNA in eukaryotes during repair. However, it remains unresolved how RNF20 itself approaches the DNA in the presence of chromatin structure. Here, we identified the histone chaperone FACT as a key protein in the early steps of HRR. Depletion of SUPT16H, a component of FACT, caused pronounced defects in accumulations of repair proteins and, consequently, decreased HRR activity. This led to enhanced sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) and mitomycin-C in a fashion similar to RNF20-deficient cells, indicating that SUPT16H is essential for RNF20-mediated pathway. Indeed, SUPT16H directly bound to RNF20 in vivo, and mutation at the RING-finger domain in RNF20 abolished its interaction and accumulation, as well as that of RAD51 and BRCA1, at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), whereas the localization of SUPT16H remained intact. Interestingly, PAF1, which has been implicated in transcription as a mediator of FACT and RNF20 association, was dispensable for DNA-damage-induced interaction of RNF20 with SUPT16H. Furthermore, depletion of SUPT16H caused pronounced defects in RNF20-mediated H2B ubiquitylation and thereby, impaired accumulation of the chromatin remodeling factor SNF2h. Consistent with this observation, the defective phenotypes of SUPT16H were effectively counteracted by enforced nucleosome relaxation. Taken together, our results indicate a primary role of FACT in RNF20 recruitment and the resulting chromatin remodeling for initiation of HRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas V Oliveira
- Division of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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137
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Hondele M, Ladurner AG. Catch me if you can: how the histone chaperone FACT capitalizes on nucleosome breathing. Nucleus 2013; 4:443-9. [PMID: 24413069 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.27235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleosomes confer a barrier to processes that require access to the eukaryotic genome such as transcription, DNA replication and repair. A variety of ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling machines and ATP-independent histone chaperones facilitate nucleosome dynamics by depositing or evicting histones and unwrapping the DNA. It is clear that remodeling machines can use the energy from ATP to actively destabilize, translocate or disassemble nucleosomes. But how do ATP-independent histone chaperones, which "merely" bind histones, contribute to this process? Using our recent structural analysis of the conserved and essential eukaryotic histone chaperone FACT in complex with histones H2A-H2B as an example, we suggest that FACT capitalizes on transiently exposed surfaces of the nucleosome. By binding these surfaces, FACT stabilizes thermodynamically unfavorable intermediates of the intrinsically dynamic nucleosome particle. This makes the nucleosome permissive to DNA and RNA polymerases, providing temporary access, passage, and read-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hondele
- Department of Physiological Chemistry; Butenandt Institute and LMU Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); Munich, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM); Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry; Butenandt Institute and LMU Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); Munich, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM); Munich, Germany
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138
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FACT and the H2B N tail. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:300-2. [PMID: 24277935 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01519-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The FACT histone chaperone/nucleosome reorganization factor plays key roles in nucleosome dynamics during transcription. A new study has linked a specific domain in the H2B N terminus to the activity of FACT in regulating nucleosome disassembly at promoters during transcription activation and nucleosome reassembly at coding regions during transcription elongation.
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139
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A highly conserved region within H2B is important for FACT to act on nucleosomes. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:303-14. [PMID: 24248595 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00478-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone N-terminal tails play crucial roles in chromatin-related processes. The tails of histones H3 and H4 are highly conserved and well characterized, but much less is known about the functions of the tails of histones H2A and H2B and their sequences are more divergent among eukaryotes. Here we characterized the function of the only highly conserved region in the H2B tail, the H2B repression (HBR) domain. Once thought to play a role only in repression, it also has an uncharacterized function in gene activation and DNA damage responses. We report that deletion of the HBR domain impairs the eviction of nucleosomes at the promoters and open reading frames of genes. A closer examination of the HBR domain mutants revealed that they displayed phenotypes similar to those of histone chaperone complex FACT mutants, including an increase in intragenic transcription and the accumulation of free histones in cells. Biochemical characterization of recombinant nucleosomes indicates that deletion of the HBR domain impairs FACT-dependent removal of H2A-H2B from nucleosomes, suggesting that the HBR domain plays an important role in allowing FACT to disrupt dimer-DNA interactions. We have uncovered a previously unappreciated role for the HBR domain in regulating chromatin structure and have provided insight into how FACT acts on nucleosomes.
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140
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Dinant C, Ampatziadis-Michailidis G, Lans H, Tresini M, Lagarou A, Grosbart M, Theil AF, van Cappellen WA, Kimura H, Bartek J, Fousteri M, Houtsmuller AB, Vermeulen W, Marteijn JA. Enhanced chromatin dynamics by FACT promotes transcriptional restart after UV-induced DNA damage. Mol Cell 2013; 51:469-79. [PMID: 23973375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is tightly linked to all DNA-transacting activities. To study chromatin remodeling during DNA repair, we established quantitative fluorescence imaging methods to measure the exchange of histones in chromatin in living cells. We show that particularly H2A and H2B are evicted and replaced at an accelerated pace at sites of UV-induced DNA damage. This accelerated exchange of H2A/H2B is facilitated by SPT16, one of the two subunits of the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) but largely independent of its partner SSRP1. Interestingly, SPT16 is targeted to sites of UV light-induced DNA damage-arrested transcription and is required for efficient restart of RNA synthesis upon damage removal. Together, our data uncover an important role for chromatin dynamics at the crossroads of transcription and the UV-induced DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffel Dinant
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
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141
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Ramos I, Fernández-Rivero N, Arranz R, Aloria K, Finn R, Arizmendi JM, Ausió J, Valpuesta JM, Muga A, Prado A. The intrinsically disordered distal face of nucleoplasmin recognizes distinct oligomerization states of histones. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:1311-25. [PMID: 24121686 PMCID: PMC3902905 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Nucleoplasmin (NP) as a H2A-H2B histone chaperone has been extensively characterized. To understand its putative interaction with other histone ligands, we have characterized its ability to bind H3-H4 and histone octamers. We find that the chaperone forms distinct complexes with histones, which differ in the number of molecules that build the assembly and in their spatial distribution. When complexed with H3-H4 tetramers or histone octamers, two NP pentamers form an ellipsoidal particle with the histones located at the center of the assembly, in stark contrast with the NP/H2A-H2B complex that contains up to five histone dimers bound to one chaperone pentamer. This particular assembly relies on the ability of H3-H4 to form tetramers either in solution or as part of the octamer, and it is not observed when a variant of H3 (H3C110E), unable to form stable tetramers, is used instead of the wild-type protein. Our data also suggest that the distal face of the chaperone is involved in the interaction with distinct types of histones, as supported by electron microscopy analysis of the different NP/histone complexes. The use of the same structural region to accommodate all type of histones could favor histone exchange and nucleosome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isbaal Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del PaísVasco, P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain, Unidad de Biofísica (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Leioa Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
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142
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D'Arcy S, Martin KW, Panchenko T, Chen X, Bergeron S, Stargell LA, Black BE, Luger K. Chaperone Nap1 shields histone surfaces used in a nucleosome and can put H2A-H2B in an unconventional tetrameric form. Mol Cell 2013; 51:662-77. [PMID: 23973327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The histone H2A-H2B heterodimer is an integral component of the nucleosome. The cellular localization and deposition of H2A-H2B into chromatin is regulated by numerous factors, including histone chaperones such as nucleosome assembly protein 1 (Nap1). We use hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry to characterize H2A-H2B and Nap1. Unexpectedly, we find that at low ionic strength, the α helices in H2A-H2B are frequently sampling partially disordered conformations and that binding to Nap1 reduces this conformational sampling. We identify the interaction surface between H2A-H2B and Nap1 and confirm its relevance both in vitro and in vivo. We show that two copies of H2A-H2B bound to a Nap1 homodimer form a tetramer with contacts between H2B chains similar to those in the four-helix bundle structural motif. The organization of the complex reveals that Nap1 competes with histone-DNA and interhistone interactions observed in the nucleosome, thereby regulating the availability of histones for chromatin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena D'Arcy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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The FACT histone chaperone guides histone H4 into its nucleosomal conformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2013; 195:101-13. [PMID: 23833181 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.153080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pob3-Q308K mutation alters the small subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone/nucleosome chaperone Facilitates Chromatin Transactions (FACT), causing defects in both transcription and DNA replication. We describe histone mutations that suppress some of these defects, providing new insight into the mechanism of FACT activity in vivo. FACT is primarily known for its ability to promote reorganization of nucleosomes into a more open form, but neither the pob3-Q308K mutation nor the compensating histone mutations affect this activity. Instead, purified mutant FACT complexes fail to release from nucleosomes efficiently, and the histone mutations correct this flaw. We confirm that pob3-T252E also suppresses pob3-Q308K and show that combining two suppressor mutations can be detrimental, further demonstrating the importance of balance between association and dissociation for efficient FACT:nucleosome interactions. To explain our results, we propose that histone H4 can adopt multiple conformations, most of which are incompatible with nucleosome assembly. FACT guides H4 to adopt appropriate conformations, and this activity can be enhanced or diminished by mutations in Pob3 or histones. FACT can therefore destabilize nucleosomes by favoring the reorganized state, but it can also promote assembly by tethering histones and DNA together and maintaining them in conformations that promote canonical nucleosome formation.
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