101
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Targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis - from experimental insights to the clinic. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:589-610. [PMID: 33976384 PMCID: PMC8112476 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a dominant and growing cause of death and disability worldwide, involves inflammation from its inception to the emergence of complications. Targeting inflammatory pathways could therefore provide a promising new avenue to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Indeed, clinical studies have now demonstrated unequivocally that modulation of inflammation can forestall the clinical complications of atherosclerosis. This progress pinpoints the need for preclinical investigations to refine strategies for combatting inflammation in the human disease. In this Review, we consider a gamut of attractive possibilities for modifying inflammation in atherosclerosis, including targeting pivotal inflammatory pathways such as the inflammasomes, inhibiting cytokines, manipulating adaptive immunity and promoting pro-resolution mechanisms. Along with lifestyle measures, pharmacological interventions to mute inflammation could complement traditional targets, such as lipids and hypertension, to make new inroads into the management of atherosclerotic risk.
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102
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Kamo N, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Murakami H, Hayashi G, Okamoto A. Organoruthenium-catalyzed chemical protein synthesis to elucidate the functions of epigenetic modifications on heterochromatin factors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5926-5937. [PMID: 35342540 PMCID: PMC8872386 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of organometallic compounds for protein science has received attention. Recently, total chemical protein synthesis using transition metal complexes has been developed to produce various proteins bearing site-specific posttranslational modifications (PTMs). However, in general, significant amounts of metal complexes were required to achieve chemical reactions of proteins bearing a large number of nucleophilic functional groups. Moreover, syntheses of medium-size proteins (>20 kDa) were plagued by time-consuming procedures due to cumbersome purification and isolation steps, which prevented access to variously decorated proteins. Here, we report a one-pot multiple peptide ligation strategy assisted by an air-tolerant organoruthenium catalyst that showed more than 50-fold activity over previous palladium complexes, leading to rapid and quantitative deprotection on a protein with a catalytic amount (20 mol%) of the metal complex even in the presence of excess thiol moieties. Utilizing the organoruthenium catalyst, heterochromatin factors above 20 kDa, such as linker histone H1.2 and heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α), bearing site-specific PTMs including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, citrullination, and acetylation have been synthesized. The biochemical assays using synthetic proteins revealed that the citrullination at R53 in H1.2 resulted in the reduced electrostatic interaction with DNA and the reduced binding affinity to nucleosomes. Furthermore, we identified a key phosphorylation region in HP1α to control its DNA-binding ability. The ruthenium chemistry developed here will facilitate the preparation of a variety of biologically and medically significant proteins containing PTMs and non-natural amino acids. Chemical protein synthesis assisted by an organoruthenium catalyst streamlined the production of heterochromatin factors bearing various patterns of epigenetic modifications, and their biological significance was elucidated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kamo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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103
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Marondedze C, Elia G, Thomas L, Wong A, Gehring C. Citrullination of Proteins as a Specific Response Mechanism in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638392. [PMID: 33897727 PMCID: PMC8060559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arginine deimination, also referred to as citrullination of proteins by L-arginine deiminases, is a post-translational modification affecting histone modifications, epigenetic transcriptional regulation, and proteolysis in animals but has not been reported in higher plants. Here we report, firstly, that Arabidopsis thaliana proteome contains proteins with a specific citrullination signature and that many of the citrullinated proteins have nucleotide-binding regulatory functions. Secondly, we show that changes in the citrullinome occur in response to cold stress, and thirdly, we identify an A. thaliana protein with peptidyl arginine deiminase activity that was shown to be calcium-dependent for many peptide substrates. Taken together, these findings establish this post-translational modification as a hitherto neglected component of cellular reprogramming during stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Marondedze
- Division of Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Rijk Zwaan, De Lier, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Claudius Marondedze,
| | - Giuliano Elia
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ludivine Thomas
- Division of Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chris Gehring
- Division of Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chris Gehring,
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104
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Golenberg N, Squirrell JM, Bennin DA, Rindy J, Pistono PE, Eliceiri KW, Shelef MA, Kang J, Huttenlocher A. Citrullination regulates wound responses and tissue regeneration in zebrafish. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133858. [PMID: 32328635 PMCID: PMC7147109 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important early signal in wound healing, yet how these early signals promote regeneration remains unclear. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), a family of calcium-dependent enzymes, catalyze citrullination, a post-translational modification that alters protein function and has been implicated in autoimmune diseases. We generated a mutation in the single zebrafish ancestral pad gene, padi2, that results in a loss of detectable calcium-dependent citrullination. The mutants exhibit impaired resolution of inflammation and regeneration after caudal fin transection. We identified a new subpopulation of cells displaying citrullinated histones within the notochord bead following tissue injury. Citrullination of histones in this region was absent, and wound-induced proliferation was perturbed in Padi2-deficient larvae. Taken together, our results show that Padi2 is required for the citrullination of histones within a group of cells in the notochord bead and for promoting wound-induced proliferation required for efficient regeneration. These findings identify Padi2 as a potential intermediary between early calcium signaling and subsequent tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Golenberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Cell and Molecular Biology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jayne M Squirrell
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - David A Bennin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Julie Rindy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paige E Pistono
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Miriam A Shelef
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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105
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Wang LL, Song YP, Mi JH, Ding ML. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110466. [PMID: 33412502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia, and its pathogenesis is still not clear. Peptidyl arginine deiminases 4(PAD4) as one of the important members of PAD family, is the only protein with nuclear transfer function, it can regulate the expression of many proteins through citrullinating histone. PAD4 can also interact with many transcription factors, involved in regulating gene expression. PAD4 expression is closely related to the inflammatory factors secreted, cell autophagy, tumorigenesis and other neurodegenerative diseases. More importantly, PAD4 and its citrullinated protein were found in cortical and hippocampal neurons of AD patients. To study the expression and regulatory pathway of PAD4 in vivo and in vitro experiments on AD may be of helpful to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD. Meanwhile, detection of anti-citrullinated antibody will have potential value as novel biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201100, China
| | - Ye-Ping Song
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201100, China
| | - Jian-Hua Mi
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201100, China
| | - Meng-Lei Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200120, China.
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106
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu X, Wang Z, Li L, Chen P. PADs in cancer: Current and future. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188492. [PMID: 33321174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs), is a group of calcium-dependent enzymes, which play crucial roles in citrullination, and can catalyze arginine residues into citrulline. This chemical reaction induces citrullinated proteins formation with altered structure and function, leading to numerous pathological diseases, including inflammation and autoimmune diseases. To date, multiple studies have provided solid evidence that PADs are implicated in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the findings on PADs functions in tumors are too complex to understand due to its involvements in variable signaling pathways. The increasing interest in PADs has heightened the need for a comprehensive description for its role in cancer. The present study aims to identify the gaps in present knowledge, including its structures, biological substrates and tissue distribution. Since several irreversible inhibitors for PADs with good potency and selectivity have been explored, the mechanisms on the dysregulation in tumors remain poorly understood. The present study discusses the relationship between PADs and tumor apoptosis, EMT formation and metastasis as well as the implication of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tumorigenesis. In addition, the potential uses of citrullinated antigens for immunotherapy were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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107
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Falbo L, Costanzo V. Epigenetic regulation of replication origin assembly: A role for histone H1 and chromatin remodeling factors. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000181. [PMID: 33165968 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During early embryonic development in several metazoans, accurate DNA replication is ensured by high number of replication origins. This guarantees rapid genome duplication coordinated with fast cell divisions. In Xenopus laevis embryos this program switches to one with a lower number of origins at a developmental stage known as mid-blastula transition (MBT) when cell cycle length increases and gene transcription starts. Consistent with this regulation, somatic nuclei replicate poorly when transferred to eggs, suggesting the existence of an epigenetic memory suppressing replication assembly origins at all available sites. Recently, it was shown that histone H1 imposes a non-permissive chromatin configuration preventing replication origin assembly on somatic nuclei. This somatic state can be erased by SSRP1, a subunit of the FACT complex. Here, we further develop the hypothesis that this novel form of epigenetic memory might impact on different areas of vertebrate biology going from nuclear reprogramming to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Falbo
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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108
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Boon L, Ugarte-Berzal E, Martens E, Fiten P, Vandooren J, Janssens R, Blanter M, Yu K, Boon M, Struyf S, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Citrullination as a novel posttranslational modification of matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix Biol 2020; 95:68-83. [PMID: 33157227 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes with critical roles in biology and pathology. Glycosylation, nitrosylation and proteolysis are known posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulating intrinsically the activities of MMPs. We discovered MMP citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) as a new PTM. Upon hypercitrullination, MMP-9 acquired a higher affinity for gelatin than control MMP-9. Furthermore, hypercitrullinated proMMP-9 was more efficiently activated by MMP-3 compared to control MMP-9. JNJ0966, a specific therapeutic inhibitor of MMP-9 activation, inhibited the activation of hypercitrullinated proMMP-9 by MMP-3 significantly less in comparison with control proMMP-9. The presence of citrullinated/homocitrullinated MMP-9 was detected in vivo in neutrophil-rich sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients. In addition to citrullination of MMP-9, we report efficient citrullination of MMP-1 and lower citrullination levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 by PAD2 in vitro. In conclusion, citrullination of MMPs is a new PTM worthy of additional biochemical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boon
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fiten
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rik Janssens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marfa Blanter
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen Yu
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Boon
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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109
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Beyer JN, Raniszewski NR, Burslem GM. Advances and Opportunities in Epigenetic Chemical Biology. Chembiochem 2020; 22:17-42. [PMID: 32786101 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of epigenetics has greatly benefited from the development and application of various chemical biology approaches. In this review, we highlight the key targets for modulation and recent methods developed to enact such modulation. We discuss various chemical biology techniques to study DNA methylation and the post-translational modification of histones as well as their effect on gene expression. Additionally, we address the wealth of protein synthesis approaches to yield histones and nucleosomes bearing epigenetic modifications. Throughout, we highlight targets that present opportunities for the chemical biology community, as well as exciting new approaches that will provide additional insight into the roles of epigenetic marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Beyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole R Raniszewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George M Burslem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Institute Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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110
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Schapher M, Koch M, Weidner D, Scholz M, Wirtz S, Mahajan A, Herrmann I, Singh J, Knopf J, Leppkes M, Schauer C, Grüneboom A, Alexiou C, Schett G, Iro H, Muñoz LE, Herrmann M. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote the Development and Growth of Human Salivary Stones. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092139. [PMID: 32971767 PMCID: PMC7564068 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland stones, or sialoliths, are the most common cause of the obstruction of salivary glands. The mechanism behind the formation of sialoliths has been elusive. Symptomatic sialolithiasis has a prevalence of 0.45% in the general population, is characterized by recurrent painful periprandial swelling of the affected gland, and often results in sialadenitis with the need for surgical intervention. Here, we show by the use of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, computed tomography (CT) scans and reconstructions, special dye techniques, bacterial genotyping, and enzyme activity analyses that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) initiate the formation and growth of sialoliths in humans. The deposition of neutrophil granulocyte extracellular DNA around small crystals results in the dense aggregation of the latter, and the subsequent mineralization creates alternating layers of dense mineral, which are predominantly calcium salt deposits and DNA. The further agglomeration and appositional growth of these structures promotes the development of macroscopic sialoliths that finally occlude the efferent ducts of the salivary glands, causing clinical symptoms and salivary gland dysfunction. These findings provide an entirely novel insight into the mechanism of sialolithogenesis, in which an immune system-mediated response essentially participates in the physicochemical process of concrement formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Schapher
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.); (C.A.); (H.I.)
| | - Michael Koch
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.); (C.A.); (H.I.)
| | - Daniela Weidner
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Scholz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Universitätsstrasse 19, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aparna Mahajan
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Irmgard Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.); (C.A.); (H.I.)
| | - Georg Schett
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Heinrich Iro
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.); (C.A.); (H.I.)
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (A.M.); (I.H.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (L.E.M.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.W.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Scumaci D, Olivo E, Fiumara CV, La Chimia M, De Angelis MT, Mauro S, Costa G, Ambrosio FA, Alcaro S, Agosti V, Costanzo FS, Cuda G. DJ-1 Proteoforms in Breast Cancer Cells: The Escape of Metabolic Epigenetic Misregulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091968. [PMID: 32858971 PMCID: PMC7563694 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced glycolysis is a hallmark of breast cancer. In cancer cells, the high glycolytic flux induces carbonyl stress, a damaging condition in which the increase of reactive carbonyl species makes DNA, proteins, and lipids more susceptible to glycation. Together with glucose, methylglyoxal (MGO), a byproduct of glycolysis, is considered the main glycating agent. MGO is highly diffusible, enters the nucleus, and can react with easily accessible lysine- and arginine-rich tails of histones. Glycation adducts on histones undergo oxidization and further rearrange to form stable species known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This modification alters nucleosomes stability and chromatin architecture deconstructing the histone code. Formation of AGEs has been associated with cancer, diabetes, and several age-related diseases. Recently, DJ-1, a cancer-associated protein that protects cells from oxidative stress, has been described as a deglycase enzyme. Although its role in cell survival results still controversial, in several human tumors, its expression, localization, oxidation, and phosphorylation were found altered. This work aimed to explore the molecular mechanism that triggers the peculiar cellular compartmentalization and the specific post-translational modifications (PTM) that, occurring in breast cancer cells, influences the DJ-1 dual role. Using a proteomic approach, we identified on DJ-1 a novel threonine phosphorylation (T125) that was found, by the in-silico tool scansite 4, as part of a putative Akt consensus. Notably, this threonine is in addition to histidine 126, a key residue involved in the formation of catalytic triade (glu18-Cys106-His126) inside the glioxalase active site of DJ. Interestingly, we found that pharmacological modulation of Akt pathway induces a functional tuning of DJ-1 proteoforms, as well as their shuttle from cytosol to nucleus, pointing out that pathway as critical in the development of DJ-1 pro-tumorigenic abilities. Deglycase activity of DJ-1 on histones proteins, investigated by coupling 2D tau gel with LC-MS/MS and 2D-TAU (Triton-Acid-Urea)-Western blot, was found correlated with its phosphorylation status that, in turn, depends from Akt activation. In normal conditions, DJ-1 acts as a redox-sensitive chaperone and as an oxidative stress sensor. In cancer cells, glycolytic rewiring, inducing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enhances AGEs products. Alongside, the moderate increase of ROS enhances Akt signaling that induces DJ-1-phosphorylation. When phosphorylated DJ-1 increases its glyoxalase activity, the level of AGEs on histones decreases. Therefore, phospho-DJ-1 prevents glycation-induced histones misregulation and its Akt-related hyperactivity represents a way to preserve the epigenome landscape sustaining proliferation of cancer cells. Together, these results shed light on an interesting mechanism that cancer cells might execute to escape the metabolic induced epigenetic misregulation that otherwise could impair their malignant proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Scumaci
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika Olivo
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudia Vincenza Fiumara
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Marina La Chimia
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graeciaof Catanzaro, S. Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Mauro
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.C.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.C.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.C.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valter Agosti
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CIS for Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.A.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Francesco Saverio Costanzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CIS for Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.A.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
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Histone H1 Post-Translational Modifications: Update and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165941. [PMID: 32824860 PMCID: PMC7460583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H1 is the most variable histone and its role at the epigenetic level is less characterized than that of core histones. In vertebrates, H1 is a multigene family, which can encode up to 11 subtypes. The H1 subtype composition is different among cell types during the cell cycle and differentiation. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has added a new layer of complexity with the identification of a large number of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in H1. In this review, we summarize histone H1 PTMs from lower eukaryotes to humans, with a particular focus on mammalian PTMs. Special emphasis is made on PTMs, whose molecular function has been described. Post-translational modifications in H1 have been associated with the regulation of chromatin structure during the cell cycle as well as transcriptional activation, DNA damage response, and cellular differentiation. Additionally, PTMs in histone H1 that have been linked to diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and viral infection are examined. Future perspectives and challenges in the profiling of histone H1 PTMs are also discussed.
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113
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Boopathi R, Dimitrov S, Hamiche A, Petosa C, Bednar J. Cryo-electron microscopy of the chromatin fiber. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 64:97-103. [PMID: 32717688 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. Chromatin conformation is strongly affected by the composition, structural features and dynamic properties of the nucleosome, which in turn determine the nature and geometry of interactions that can occur between neighboring nucleosomes. Understanding how chromatin is spatially organized above the nucleosome level is thus essential for understanding how gene regulation is achieved. Towards this end, great effort has been made to understand how an array of nucleosomes folds into a regular chromatin fiber. This review summarizes new insights into the 3D structure of the chromatin fiber that were made possible by recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Boopathi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Sante´ - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Sante´ - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Balcova, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/Université de Strasbourg/CNRS/INSERM, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Carlo Petosa
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jan Bednar
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Sante´ - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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114
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Nucleosome binding by the pioneer transcription factor OCT4. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11832. [PMID: 32678275 PMCID: PMC7367260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor binding to genomic DNA is generally prevented by nucleosome formation, in which the DNA is tightly wrapped around the histone octamer. In contrast, pioneer transcription factors efficiently bind their target DNA sequences within the nucleosome. OCT4 has been identified as a pioneer transcription factor required for stem cell pluripotency. To study the nucleosome binding by OCT4, we prepared human OCT4 as a recombinant protein, and biochemically analyzed its interactions with the nucleosome containing a natural OCT4 target, the LIN28B distal enhancer DNA sequence, which contains three potential OCT4 target sequences. By a combination of chemical mapping and cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis, we mapped the positions of the three target sequences within the nucleosome. A mutational analysis revealed that OCT4 preferentially binds its target DNA sequence located near the entry/exit site of the nucleosome. Crosslinking mass spectrometry consistently showed that OCT4 binds the nucleosome in the proximity of the histone H3 N-terminal region, which is close to the entry/exit site of the nucleosome. We also found that the linker histone H1 competes with OCT4 for the nucleosome binding. These findings provide important information for understanding the molecular mechanism by which OCT4 binds its target DNA in chromatin.
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115
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Abstract
Neutrophils are critical to innate immunity, including host defense against bacterial and fungal infections. They achieve their host defense role by phagocytosing pathogens, secreting their granules full of cytotoxic enzymes, or expelling neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during the process of NETosis. NETs are weblike DNA structures decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins released by activated neutrophils. Initially described as a means for neutrophils to neutralize pathogens, NET release also occurs in sterile inflammation, promotes thrombosis, and can mediate tissue damage. To effectively manipulate this double-edged sword to fight a particular disease, researchers must work toward understanding the mechanisms driving NETosis. Such understanding would allow the generation of new drugs to promote or prevent NETosis as needed. While knowledge regarding the (patho)physiological roles of NETosis is accumulating, little is known about the cellular and biophysical bases of this process. In this review, we describe and discuss our current knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms mediating NET release as well as open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Racine Thiam
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
| | - Siu Ling Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
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116
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an aggravating autoimmune disease that cripples young patients slowly with physical, sensory and cognitive deficits. The break of self-tolerance to neuronal antigens is the key to the pathogenesis of MS, with autoreactive T cells causing demyelination that subsequently leads to inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative events in the central nervous system. The exact etiology of MS remains elusive; however, the interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to disease development and progression. Given that genetic variation only accounts for a fraction of risk for MS, extrinsic risk factors including smoking, infection and lack of vitamin D or sunshine, which cause changes in gene expression, contribute to disease development through epigenetic regulation. To date, there is a growing body of scientific evidence to support the important roles of epigenetic processes in MS. In this chapter, the three main layers of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA-mediated gene regulation, will be discussed, with a particular focus on the role of epigenetics on dysregulated immune responses and neurodegenerative events in MS. Also, the potential for epigenetic modifiers as biomarkers and therapeutics for MS will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Sau-Fong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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117
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Woods DC, Wereszczynski J. Elucidating the influence of linker histone variants on chromatosome dynamics and energetics. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3591-3604. [PMID: 32128577 PMCID: PMC7144933 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Linker histones are epigenetic regulators that bind to nucleosomes and alter chromatin structures and dynamics. Biophysical studies have revealed two binding modes in the linker histone/nucleosome complex, the chromatosome, where the linker histone is either centered on or askew from the dyad axis. Each has been posited to have distinct effects on chromatin, however the molecular and thermodynamic mechanisms that drive them and their dependence on linker histone compositions remain poorly understood. We present molecular dynamics simulations of chromatosomes with the globular domain of two linker histone variants, generic H1 (genGH1) and H1.0 (GH1.0), to determine how their differences influence chromatosome structures, energetics and dynamics. Results show that both unbound linker histones adopt a single compact conformation. Upon binding, DNA flexibility is reduced, resulting in increased chromatosome compaction. While both variants enthalpically favor on-dyad binding, energetic benefits are significantly higher for GH1.0, suggesting that GH1.0 is more capable than genGH1 of overcoming the large entropic reduction required for on-dyad binding which helps rationalize experiments that have consistently demonstrated GH1.0 in on-dyad states but that show genGH1 in both locations. These simulations highlight the thermodynamic basis for different linker histone binding motifs, and details their physical and chemical effects on chromatosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin C Woods
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jeff Wereszczynski
- Department of Physics and the Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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118
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Falcão AM, Meijer M, Scaglione A, Rinwa P, Agirre E, Liang J, Larsen SC, Heskol A, Frawley R, Klingener M, Varas-Godoy M, Raposo AASF, Ernfors P, Castro DS, Nielsen ML, Casaccia P, Castelo-Branco G. PAD2-Mediated Citrullination Contributes to Efficient Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1090-1102.e10. [PMID: 31018126 PMCID: PMC6486480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, the deimination of peptidylarginine residues into peptidylcitrulline, has been implicated in the etiology of several diseases. In multiple sclerosis, citrullination is thought to be a major driver of pathology through hypercitrullination and destabilization of myelin. As such, inhibition of citrullination has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for MS. Here, in contrast, we show that citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) contributes to normal oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination, and motor function. We identify several targets for PAD2, including myelin and chromatin-related proteins, implicating PAD2 in epigenomic regulation. Accordingly, we observe that PAD2 inhibition and its knockdown affect chromatin accessibility and prevent the upregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation genes. Moreover, mice lacking PAD2 display motor dysfunction and a decreased number of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum. We conclude that citrullination contributes to proper oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination. PAD2 is increased upon OL differentiation OL differentiation is facilitated by PAD2-mediated chromatin remodeling in myelin genes PAD2 contributes to efficient myelination and motor and cognitive functions Nuclear and myelin proteins interact and are citrullinated by PAD2
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mendanha Falcão
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mandy Meijer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonella Scaglione
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Puneet Rinwa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eneritz Agirre
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Sara C Larsen
- Department of Proteomics, the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abeer Heskol
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rebecca Frawley
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Klingener
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Cell Biology Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | | | - Patrik Ernfors
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Department of Proteomics, the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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119
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Zheng Q, Osunsade A, David Y. Protein arginine deiminase 4 antagonizes methylglyoxal-induced histone glycation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3241. [PMID: 32591537 PMCID: PMC7319962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) facilitates the post-translational citrullination of the core histones H3 and H4. While the precise epigenetic function of this modification has not been resolved, it has been shown to associate with general chromatin decompaction and compete with arginine methylation. Recently, we found that histones are subjected to methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced glycation on nucleophilic side chains, particularly arginines, under metabolic stress conditions. These non-enzymatic adducts change chromatin architecture and the epigenetic landscape by competing with enzymatic modifications, as well as changing the overall biophysical properties of the fiber. Here, we report that PAD4 antagonizes histone MGO-glycation by protecting the reactive arginine sites, as well as by converting already-glycated arginine residues into citrulline. Moreover, we show that similar to the deglycase DJ-1, PAD4 is overexpressed and histone citrullination is upregulated in breast cancer tumors, suggesting an additional mechanistic link to PAD4's oncogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Zheng
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adewola Osunsade
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yael David
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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120
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Hanata N, Shoda H, Hatano H, Nagafuchi Y, Komai T, Okamura T, Suzuki A, Gunarta IK, Yoshioka K, Yamamoto K, Fujio K. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 Promotes the Renal Infiltration of Neutrophils and Exacerbates the TLR7 Agonist-Induced Lupus Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1095. [PMID: 32655553 PMCID: PMC7324481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), encoded by PADI4, plays critical roles in the immune system; however, its contribution to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis remains controversial. The pathological roles of PAD4 were investigated in lupus model mice. An imiquimod (IMQ)-induced lupus model was analyzed in wild-type (WT) and Padi4-knockout (KO) mice. Proteinuria, serum anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody, and renal infiltrated cells were evaluated. Neutrophil migration and adhesion were assessed using adoptive transfer and adhesion assay. PAD4-regulated pathways were identified by RNA-sequencing of Padi4 KO neutrophils. Padi4 KO mice exhibited significant improvements in proteinuria progression compared with WT mice, whereas, serum anti-dsDNA antibody and immune complex deposition in the glomeruli showed no difference between both mice strains. Padi4 KO mice showed decreased neutrophil infiltration in the kidneys. Adoptively transferred Padi4 KO neutrophils showed decreased migration to the kidneys of IMQ-treated WT mice, and adhesion to ICAM-1 was impaired in Padi4 KO neutrophils. Padi4 KO neutrophils exhibited reduced upregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-primed Padi4 KO neutrophils demonstrated reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and lower expression of JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), a p38 MAPK scaffold protein. Neutrophils from heterozygous Jlp KO mice showed impaired adhesion to ICAM-1 and decreased migration to the kidneys of IMQ-treated WT mice. These results indicated a pivotal role of PAD4-p38 MAPK pathway in renal neutrophil infiltration in TLR7 agonist-induced lupus nephritis, and the importance of neutrophil-mediated kidney inflammation. Inhibition of the PAD4-p38 MAPK pathway may help in formulating a novel therapeutic strategy against lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Hanata
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Komai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - I Ketut Gunarta
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sridhar A, Orozco M, Collepardo-Guevara R. Protein disorder-to-order transition enhances the nucleosome-binding affinity of H1. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5318-5331. [PMID: 32356891 PMCID: PMC7261198 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins are crucial elements of chromatin heterogenous organization. While disorder in the histone tails enables a large variation of inter-nucleosome arrangements, disorder within the chromatin-binding proteins facilitates promiscuous binding to a wide range of different molecular targets, consistent with structural heterogeneity. Among the partially disordered chromatin-binding proteins, the H1 linker histone influences a myriad of chromatin characteristics including compaction, nucleosome spacing, transcription regulation, and the recruitment of other chromatin regulating proteins. Although it is now established that the long C-terminal domain (CTD) of H1 remains disordered upon nucleosome binding and that such disorder favours chromatin fluidity, the structural behaviour and thereby the role/function of the N-terminal domain (NTD) within chromatin is yet unresolved. On the basis of microsecond-long parallel-tempering metadynamics and temperature-replica exchange atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of different H1 NTD subtypes, we demonstrate that the NTD is completely unstructured in solution but undergoes an important disorder-to-order transition upon nucleosome binding: it forms a helix that enhances its DNA binding ability. Further, we show that the helical propensity of the H1 NTD is subtype-dependent and correlates with the experimentally observed binding affinity of H1 subtypes, suggesting an important functional implication of this disorder-to-order transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sridhar
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri i Reixac, 19, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosana Collepardo-Guevara
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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Saloura V, Vougiouklakis T, Bao R, Kim S, Baek S, Zewde M, Bernard B, Burkitt K, Nigam N, Izumchenko E, Dohmae N, Hamamoto R, Nakamura Y. WHSC1 monomethylates histone H1 and induces stem-cell like features in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Neoplasia 2020; 22:283-293. [PMID: 32497898 PMCID: PMC7265065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a malignancy with poor outcomes, thus novel therapies are urgently needed. We recently showed that WHSC1 is necessary for the viability of SCCHN cells through H3K36 di-methylation. Here, we report the identification of its novel substrate, histone H1, and that WHSC1-mediated H1.4K85 mono-methylation may enhance stemness features in SCCHN cells. To identify proteins interacting with WHSC1 in SCCHN cells, WHSC1 immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified H1 as a WHSC1-interacting candidate. In vitro methyltransferase assays showed that WHSC1 mono-methylates H1 at K85. We generated an H1K85 mono-methylation-specific antibody and confirmed that this methylation occurs in vivo. Sphere formation assays using SCC-35 cells stably expressing either wild-type (FLAG-H1.4-WT) or mutated (FLAG-H1.4K85A) vector with lysine 85 to alanine substitution which is not methylated, indicated a higher number of spheres in SCC-35 cells expressing the wild type than those with the mutant vector. SCC-35 cells expressing the wild type H1.4 proliferated faster than those expressing the mutated vector. RNA sequencing, RT-PCR and Western blotting of the FLAG-H1.4-WT or FLAG-H1.4K85A SCC-35 cells revealed that OCT4 levels were higher in wild type compared to mutant cells. These results were reproduced in SCC-35 cells genetically modified with CRISPR to express H1.4K85R. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that FLAG-H1.4K85A had decreased occupancy in the OCT4 gene compared to FLAG-H1.4-WT. This study supports that WHSC1 mono-methylates H1.4 at K85, it induces transcriptional activation of OCT4 and stemness features in SCCHN cells, providing rationale to target H1.4K85 mono-methylation through WHSC1 in SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Saloura
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA.
| | | | - Riyue Bao
- Center for Research Bioinformatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Makda Zewde
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Benjamin Bernard
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kyunghee Burkitt
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nupur Nigam
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Curran AM, Naik P, Giles JT, Darrah E. PAD enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic effectors and autoimmune targets. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:301-315. [PMID: 32341463 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) have an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) owing to their ability to generate citrullinated proteins - the hallmark autoantigens of RA. Of the five PAD enzyme isoforms, PAD2 and PAD4 are the most strongly implicated in RA at both genetic and cellular levels, and PAD inhibitors have shown therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis. PAD2 and PAD4 are additionally targeted by autoantibodies in distinct clinical subsets of patients with RA, suggesting anti-PAD antibodies as possible biomarkers for RA diagnosis and prognosis. This Review weighs the evidence that supports a pathogenic role for PAD enzymes in RA as both promoters and targets of the autoimmune response, as well as discussing the mechanistic and therapeutic implications of these findings in the wider context of RA pathogenesis. Understanding the origin and consequences of dysregulated PAD enzyme activity and immune responses against PAD enzymes will be important to fully comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this disease and for the development of novel strategies to treat and prevent RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Curran
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pooja Naik
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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124
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Heat stress-induced transposon activation correlates with 3D chromatin organization rearrangement in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1886. [PMID: 32312999 PMCID: PMC7170881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, heterochromatin is mainly composed of transposable elements (TEs) silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. But, the silencing of certain heterochromatin-associated TEs is disrupted by heat stress. By comparing genome-wide high-resolution chromatin packing patterns under normal or heat conditions obtained through Hi-C analysis, we show here that heat stress causes global rearrangement of the 3D genome in Arabidopsis thaliana. Contacts between pericentromeric regions and distal chromosome arms, as well as proximal intra-chromosomal interactions along the chromosomes, are enhanced. However, interactions within pericentromeres and those between distal intra-chromosomal regions are decreased. Many inter-chromosomal interactions, including those within the KNOT, are also reduced. Furthermore, heat activation of TEs exhibits a high correlation with the reduction of chromosomal interactions involving pericentromeres, the KNOT, the knob, and the upstream and downstream flanking regions of the activated TEs. Together, our results provide insights into the relationship between TE activation and 3D genome reorganization.
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125
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Moshkovich N, Ochoa HJ, Tang B, Yang HH, Yang Y, Huang J, Lee MP, Wakefield LM. Peptidylarginine Deiminase IV Regulates Breast Cancer Stem Cells via a Novel Tumor Cell-Autonomous Suppressor Role. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2125-2137. [PMID: 32265227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADI) catalyze posttranslational modification of many target proteins and have been suggested to play a role in carcinogenesis. Citrullination of histones by PADI4 was recently implicated in regulating embryonic stem and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Here, we investigated a possible role for PADI4 in regulating breast cancer stem cells. PADI4 activity limited the number of cancer stem cells (CSC) in multiple breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PADI4 inhibition resulted in a widespread redistribution of histone H3, with increased accumulation around transcriptional start sites. Interestingly, epigenetic effects of PADI4 on the bulk tumor cell population did not explain the CSC phenotype. However, in sorted tumor cell populations, PADI4 downregulated expression of master transcription factors of stemness, NANOG and OCT4, specifically in the cancer stem cell compartment, by reducing the transcriptionally activating H3R17me2a histone mark at those loci; this effect was not seen in the non-stem cells. A gene signature reflecting tumor cell-autonomous PADI4 inhibition was associated with poor outcome in human breast cancer datasets, consistent with a tumor-suppressive role for PADI4 in estrogen receptor-positive tumors. These results contrast with known tumor-promoting effects of PADI4 on the tumor stroma and suggest that the balance between opposing tumor cell-autonomous and stromal effects may determine net outcome. Our findings reveal a novel role for PADI4 as a tumor suppressor in regulating breast cancer stem cells and provide insight into context-specific effects of PADI4 in epigenetic modulation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate a novel activity of the citrullinating enzyme PADI4 in suppressing breast cancer stem cells through epigenetic repression of stemness master transcription factors NANOG and OCT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Moshkovich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Humberto J Ochoa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Binwu Tang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuan Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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126
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Beato M, Sharma P. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2)-Mediated Arginine Citrullination Modulates Transcription in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041351. [PMID: 32079300 PMCID: PMC7072959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine deimination leading to the non-coded amino acid citrulline remains a key question in the field of post-translational modifications ever since its discovery by Rogers and Simmonds in 1958. Citrullination is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs). Initially, increased citrullination was associated with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, as well as other neurological disorders and multiple types of cancer. During the last decade, research efforts have focused on how citrullination contributes to disease pathogenesis by modulating epigenetic events, pluripotency, immunity and transcriptional regulation. However, our knowledge regarding the functional implications of citrullination remains quite limited, so we still do not completely understand its role in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the recently discovered functions of PADI2-mediated citrullination of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II in transcriptional regulation in breast cancer cells and the proposed mechanisms to reshape the transcription regulatory network that promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Beato
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
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127
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Mahneva O, Risley MG, John C, Milton SL, Dawson-Scully K, Ja WW. In vivo expression of peptidylarginine deiminase in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227822. [PMID: 31940417 PMCID: PMC6961906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) modifies peptidylarginine and converts it to peptidylcitrulline in the presence of elevated calcium. Protein modification can lead to severe changes in protein structure and function, and aberrant PAD activity is linked to human pathologies. While PAD homologs have been discovered in vertebrates-as well as in protozoa, fungi, and bacteria-none have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster, a simple and widely used animal model for human diseases. Here, we describe the development of a human PAD overexpression model in Drosophila. We established fly lines harboring human PAD2 or PAD4 transgenes for ectopic expression under control of the GAL4/UAS system. We show that ubiquitous or nervous system expression of PAD2 or PAD4 have minimal impact on fly lifespan, fecundity, and the response to acute heat stress. Although we did not detect citrullinated proteins in fly homogenates, fly-expressed PAD4-but not PAD2-was active in vitro upon Ca2+ supplementation. The transgenic fly lines may be valuable in future efforts to develop animal models of PAD-related disorders and for investigating the biochemistry and regulation of PAD function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Mahneva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Monica G. Risley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Brain and Behavior, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ciny John
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Milton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - William W. Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
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128
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Méchin MC, Takahara H, Simon M. Deimination and Peptidylarginine Deiminases in Skin Physiology and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020566. [PMID: 31952341 PMCID: PMC7014782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deimination, also known as citrullination, corresponds to the conversion of the amino acid arginine, within a peptide sequence, into the non-standard amino acid citrulline. This post-translational modification is catalyzed by a family of calcium-dependent enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Deimination is implicated in a growing number of physiological processes (innate and adaptive immunity, gene regulation, embryonic development, etc.) and concerns several human diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, female infertility, cancer, etc.). Here, we update the involvement of PADs in both the homeostasis of skin and skin diseases. We particularly focus on keratinocyte differentiation and the epidermal barrier function, and on hair follicles. Indeed, alteration of PAD activity in the hair shaft is responsible for two hair disorders, the uncombable hair syndrome and a particular form of inflammatory scarring alopecia, mainly affecting women of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Méchin
- UDEAR, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, U1056, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Hidenari Takahara
- University of Ibaraki, School of Agriculture, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;
| | - Michel Simon
- UDEAR, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, U1056, 31059 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-6115-8427
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129
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Sun B, Chang HH, Salinger A, Tomita B, Bawadekar M, Holmes CL, Shelef MA, Weerapana E, Thompson PR, Ho IC. Reciprocal regulation of Th2 and Th17 cells by PAD2-mediated citrullination. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129687. [PMID: 31723060 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated citrullination, a unique form of posttranslational modification catalyzed by the peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), has been observed in several human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, the physiological roles of PADs in the immune system are still poorly understood. Here, we report that global inhibition of citrullination enhances the differentiation of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells but attenuates the differentiation of Th17 cells, thereby increasing the susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation. This effect on Th cells is due to inhibition of PAD2 but not PAD4. Mechanistically, PAD2 directly citrullinates GATA3 and RORγt, 2 key transcription factors determining the fate of differentiating Th cells. Citrullination of R330 of GATA3 weakens its DNA binding ability, whereas citrullination of 4 arginine residues of RORγt strengthens its DNA binding. Finally, PAD2-deficient mice also display altered Th2/Th17 immune response and heightened sensitivity to allergic airway inflammation. Thus, our data highlight the potential and caveat of PAD2 as a therapeutic target of Th cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui-Hsin Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ari Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beverly Tomita
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Caitlyn L Holmes
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miriam A Shelef
- Department of Medicine and.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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130
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Brandt B, Rashidiani S, Bán Á, Rauch TA. DNA Methylation-Governed Gene Expression in Autoimmune Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5646. [PMID: 31718084 PMCID: PMC6888626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease hallmarked by progressive and irreversible joint destruction. RA pathogenesis is a T cell-regulated and B cell-mediated process in which activated lymphocyte-produced chemokines and cytokines promote leukocyte infiltration that ultimately leads to destruction of the joints. There is an obvious need to discover new drugs for RA treatment that have different biological targets or modes of action than the currently employed therapeutics. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoke, certain diet components, and oral pathogens can significantly affect gene regulation via epigenetic factors. Epigenetics opened a new field for pharmacology, and DNA methylation and histone modification-implicated factors are feasible targets for RA therapy. Exploring RA pathogenesis involved epigenetic factors and mechanisms is crucial for developing more efficient RA therapies. Here we review epigenetic alterations associated with RA pathogenesis including DNA methylation and interacting factors. Additionally, we will summarize the literature revealing the involved molecular structures and interactions. Finally, potential epigenetic factor-based therapies will be discussed that may help in better management of RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brandt
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary; (B.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Shima Rashidiani
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary; (B.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Ágnes Bán
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs 7621, Hungary;
| | - Tibor A. Rauch
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary; (B.B.); (S.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
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131
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Zhang J, Liu W, Dong H, Wang W. K-Ras G12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT pathway regulates H1.4 S35ph through PKA to promote the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2048-2057. [PMID: 31126199 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1617726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is prevalent in children and adolescents. H1.4 modification is involved in various types of cancers. Ras pathway is often activated in human cancers. Herein, we explored the effects of Ras pathway through H1.4S35ph. Methods: Osteosarcoma cancer cell line MG-63 was transfected with Ras gene with G12V and Y40C site mutation. The phosphorylation of H1.4S35 and AKT was detected by Western blot. Cell viability, cell colonies and migration were analyzed by MTT assay, soft-agar colony formation assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of Ras pathway downstream factors and PKA was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between Ras and downstream factors was detected by ChIP. The cell cycle progression was measured by flow cytometry. Results: Transfection with RasG12V/Y40C decreased H1.4S35ph expression while switched on p-AKTSer473. RasG12V/Y40C increased cell viability, colony numbers and migration while H1.4S35E (H1.4S35ph overexpression) led to the opposite results. The regulation of RasG12V/Y40C and H1.4S35E on Ras downstream factors was contrary to each other. Results demonstrated a positive relationship between PKA with H1.4S35ph with RasG12V/Y40C down-regulated both. However, PKA and MDM2 revealed negative regulation with RasG12V/Y40C transfection up-regulated MDM2. Conclusion: RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT signal pathway decreased H1.4S35ph through down-regulation of PKA while up-regulation of MDM2 in MG-63 cells. Highlights H1.4S35ph is regulated by K-RasG12V/Y40-PI3K/AKT in MG-63 cells; Overexpression of H1.4S35ph regulates MG-63 cell growth; H1.4S35ph regulates Ras downstream factors; K-RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT activity induces PKA degradation to down-regulate H1.4S35ph; K-RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT activity involves in PKA degradation via MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Hang Dong
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Gößwein S, Lindemann A, Mahajan A, Maueröder C, Martini E, Patankar J, Schett G, Becker C, Wirtz S, Naumann-Bartsch N, Bianchi ME, Greer PA, Lochnit G, Herrmann M, Neurath MF, Leppkes M. Citrullination Licenses Calpain to Decondense Nuclei in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2481. [PMID: 31695698 PMCID: PMC6817590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils respond to various stimuli by decondensing and releasing nuclear chromatin characterized by citrullinated histones as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This achieves pathogen immobilization or initiation of thrombosis, yet the molecular mechanisms of NET formation remain elusive. Peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) achieves protein citrullination and has been intricately linked to NET formation. Here we show that citrullination represents a major regulator of proteolysis in the course of NET formation. Elevated cytosolic calcium levels trigger both peptidylarginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) and calpain activity in neutrophils resulting in nuclear decondensation typical of NETs. Interestingly, PAD4 relies on proteolysis by calpain to achieve efficient nuclear lamina breakdown and chromatin decondensation. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of PAD4 and calpain strongly inhibit chromatin decondensation of human and murine neutrophils in response to calcium ionophores as well as the proteolysis of nuclear proteins like lamin B1 and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1). Taken together, the concerted action of PAD4 and calpain induces nuclear decondensation in the course of calcium-mediated NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gößwein
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aylin Lindemann
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aparna Mahajan
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Martini
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jay Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nora Naumann-Bartsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
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133
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Martinez-Prat L, Palterer B, Vitiello G, Parronchi P, Robinson WH, Mahler M. Autoantibodies to protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) 4 in rheumatoid arthritis: immunological and clinical significance, and potential for precision medicine. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1073-1087. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1668778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Prat
- Research and Development, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Experimental Science, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Boaz Palterer
- specialist in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Vitiello
- resident in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- (Allergy and Clinical Immunology), Laboratory Head, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - William H. Robinson
- (Immunology and Rheumatology), Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical [GRECC] Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mahler
- Research and Development, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA
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134
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Pathological consequences of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in tear fluid and therapeutic potential of pooled human immune globulin-eye drops in dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2019; 18:80-97. [PMID: 31606460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of Anti-Citrullinated Protein autoantibodies (ACPAs) in the pathology of dry eye disease (DED) and the therapeutic potential of pooled human immune globulin-eye drops in these patients. METHODS We investigated the presence of citrullinated proteins and ACPAs in ocular surface wash (OSW) and conjunctival impressions from patients with DED and determined the pathological consequences of OSW with high ACPA using in vitro experiments and in vivo murine models. We performed a randomized, double-masked, pilot clinical trial to determine the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of using pooled human immune globulin-eye drops to treat DED patients with ACPAs in OSW. RESULTS We found that neutrophils are a source of citrullinated proteins on the ocular surface of DED patients. We detected significantly higher immunoglobulin amount and presence of several species of ACPAs in OSW from DED patients. We also found that OSW with high ACPA contributes to production of NETs, and that ACPAs cause ocular surface disease in murine eyes, both of which are reduced with addition of Immune globulins. As compared to Vehicle treatment, pooled human immune globulin-eye drops (IVIG 4 mg/mL) twice a day for 8 weeks caused significant reduction in signs and symptoms of DED with no difference in tolerability or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating ACPAs in OSW of DED patients and their contribution to ocular surface disease. The first-in-human clinical trial suggests that pooled immune globulin-eye drops are a potential new class of biologic therapies for Dry Eye patients.
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135
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Networks that stop the flow: A fresh look at fibrin and neutrophil extracellular traps. Thromb Res 2019; 182:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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136
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Gökbuget D, Blelloch R. Epigenetic control of transcriptional regulation in pluripotency and early differentiation. Development 2019; 146:dev164772. [PMID: 31554624 PMCID: PMC6803368 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells give rise to all cells of the adult organism, making them an invaluable tool in regenerative medicine. In response to differentiation cues, they can activate markedly distinct lineage-specific gene networks while turning off or rewiring pluripotency networks. Recent innovations in chromatin and nuclear structure analyses combined with classical genetics have led to novel insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these networks. Here, we review these findings in relation to their impact on the maintenance of and exit from pluripotency and highlight the many factors that drive these processes, including histone modifying enzymes, DNA methylation and demethylation, nucleosome remodeling complexes and transcription factor-mediated enhancer switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gökbuget
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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137
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Keiser AA, Wood MA. Examining the contribution of histone modification to sex differences in learning and memory. Learn Mem 2019; 26:318-331. [PMID: 31416905 PMCID: PMC6699407 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048850.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome serves as a signal integration platform that encodes information from experience and environment that adds tremendous complexity to the regulation of transcription required for memory, beyond the directions encoded in the genome. To date, our understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms integrate information to regulate gene expression required for memory is primarily obtained from male derived data despite sex-specific life experiences and sex differences in consolidation and retrieval of memory, and in the molecular mechanisms that mediate these processes. In this review, we examine the contribution of chromatin modification to learning and memory in both sexes. We provide examples of how exposure to a number of internal and external factors influence the epigenome in sex-similar and sex-specific ways that may ultimately impact transcription required for memory processes. We also pose a number of key open questions and identify areas requiring further investigation as we seek to understand how histone modifying mechanisms shape memory in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Keiser
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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138
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Li Y, Li Z, Dong L, Tang M, Zhang P, Zhang C, Cao Z, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang T, Lv D, Wang L, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Roeder RG, Zhu WG. Histone H1 acetylation at lysine 85 regulates chromatin condensation and genome stability upon DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:7716-7730. [PMID: 29982688 PMCID: PMC6125638 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Linker histone H1 has a key role in maintaining higher order chromatin structure and genome stability, but how H1 functions in these processes is elusive. Here, we report that acetylation of lysine 85 (K85) within the H1 globular domain is a critical post-translational modification that regulates chromatin organization. H1K85 is dynamically acetylated by the acetyltransferase PCAF in response to DNA damage, and this effect is counterbalanced by the histone deacetylase HDAC1. Notably, an acetylation-mimic mutation of H1K85 (H1K85Q) alters H1 binding to the nucleosome and leads to condensed chromatin as a result of increased H1 binding to core histones. In addition, H1K85 acetylation promotes heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) recruitment to facilitate chromatin compaction. Consequently, H1K85 mutation leads to genomic instability and decreased cell survival upon DNA damage. Together, our data suggest a novel model whereby H1K85 acetylation regulates chromatin structure and preserves chromosome integrity upon DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Carson Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Carson Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liping Dong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziyang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Carson Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongcan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Carson Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Carson Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tianzhuo Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Danyu Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Carson Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
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139
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Rutowicz K, Lirski M, Mermaz B, Teano G, Schubert J, Mestiri I, Kroteń MA, Fabrice TN, Fritz S, Grob S, Ringli C, Cherkezyan L, Barneche F, Jerzmanowski A, Baroux C. Linker histones are fine-scale chromatin architects modulating developmental decisions in Arabidopsis. Genome Biol 2019; 20:157. [PMID: 31391082 PMCID: PMC6685187 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin provides a tunable platform for gene expression control. Besides the well-studied core nucleosome, H1 linker histones are abundant chromatin components with intrinsic potential to influence chromatin function. Well studied in animals, little is known about the evolution of H1 function in other eukaryotic lineages for instance plants. Notably, in the model plant Arabidopsis, while H1 is known to influence heterochromatin and DNA methylation, its contribution to transcription, molecular, and cytological chromatin organization remains elusive. RESULTS We provide a multi-scale functional study of Arabidopsis linker histones. We show that H1-deficient plants are viable yet show phenotypes in seed dormancy, flowering time, lateral root, and stomata formation-complemented by either or both of the major variants. H1 depletion also impairs pluripotent callus formation. Fine-scale chromatin analyses combined with transcriptome and nucleosome profiling reveal distinct roles of H1 on hetero- and euchromatin: H1 is necessary to form heterochromatic domains yet dispensable for silencing of most transposable elements; H1 depletion affects nucleosome density distribution and mobility in euchromatin, spatial arrangement of nanodomains, histone acetylation, and methylation. These drastic changes affect moderately the transcription but reveal a subset of H1-sensitive genes. CONCLUSIONS H1 variants have a profound impact on the molecular and spatial (nuclear) chromatin organization in Arabidopsis with distinct roles in euchromatin and heterochromatin and a dual causality on gene expression. Phenotypical analyses further suggest the novel possibility that H1-mediated chromatin organization may contribute to the epigenetic control of developmental and cellular transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Rutowicz
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Lirski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Benoît Mermaz
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, 352a Osborn memorial laboratories, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Gianluca Teano
- Département de Biologie, IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jasmin Schubert
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Imen Mestiri
- Département de Biologie, IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Magdalena A Kroteń
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tohnyui Ndinyanka Fabrice
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Fritz
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Grob
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lusik Cherkezyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Fredy Barneche
- Département de Biologie, IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Andrzej Jerzmanowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Célia Baroux
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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140
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Jefferson WN, Kinyamu HK, Wang T, Miranda AX, Padilla-Banks E, Suen AA, Williams CJ. Widespread enhancer activation via ERα mediates estrogen response in vivo during uterine development. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5487-5503. [PMID: 29648668 PMCID: PMC6009594 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding how steroid hormone exposures impact the epigenetic landscape in a living organism. Here, we took a global approach to understanding how exposure to the estrogenic chemical, diethylstilbestrol (DES), affects the neonatal mouse uterine epigenome. Integration of RNA- and ChIP-sequencing data demonstrated that ∼80% of DES-altered genes had higher H3K4me1/H3K27ac signal in close proximity. Active enhancers, of which ∼3% were super-enhancers, had a high density of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) binding sites and were correlated with alterations in nearby gene expression. Conditional uterine deletion of ERα, but not the pioneer transcription factors FOXA2 or FOXO1, prevented the majority of DES-mediated changes in gene expression and H3K27ac signal at target enhancers. An ERα dependent super-enhancer was located at the Padi gene locus and a topological connection to the Padi1 TSS was documented using 3C-PCR. Chromosome looping at this site was independent of ERα and DES exposure, indicating that the interaction is established prior to ligand signaling. However, enrichment of H3K27ac and transcriptional activation at this locus was both DES and ERα-dependent. These data suggest that DES alters uterine development and consequently adult reproductive function by modifying the enhancer landscape at ERα binding sites near estrogen-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N Jefferson
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - H Karimi Kinyamu
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adam X Miranda
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Banks
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alisa A Suen
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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141
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Zheng L, Nagar M, Maurais AJ, Slade DJ, Parelkar SS, Coonrod SA, Weerapana E, Thompson PR. Calcium Regulates the Nuclear Localization of Protein Arginine Deiminase 2. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3042-3056. [PMID: 31243954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium-dependent enzymes that mediate the post-translational conversion of arginine into citrulline. Dysregulated PAD activity is associated with numerous autoimmune disorders and cancers. In breast cancer, PAD2 citrullinates histone H3R26 and activates the transcription of estrogen receptor target genes. However, PAD2 lacks a canonical nuclear localization sequence, and it is unclear how this enzyme is transported into the nucleus. Here, we show for the first time that PAD2 translocates into the nucleus in response to calcium signaling. Using BioID2, a proximity-dependent biotinylation method for identifying interacting proteins, we found that PAD2 preferentially associates with ANXA5 in the cytoplasm. Binding of calcium to PAD2 weakens this cytoplasmic interaction, which generates a pool of calcium-bound PAD2 that can interact with Ran. We hypothesize that this latter interaction promotes the translocation of PAD2 into the nucleus. These findings highlight a critical role for ANXA5 in regulating PAD2 and identify an unusual mechanism whereby proteins translocate between the cytosol and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States.,Program in Chemical Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
| | - Mitesh Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States.,Program in Chemical Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
| | - Aaron J Maurais
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Daniel J Slade
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Sangram S Parelkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States.,Program in Chemical Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
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Hollingsworth TJ, Radic MZ, Beranova-Giorgianni S, Giorgianni F, Wang Y, Iannaccone A. Murine Retinal Citrullination Declines With Age and is Mainly Dependent on Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3808-3815. [PMID: 30073354 PMCID: PMC6074612 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Citrullination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that serves many normal physiological functions. Studies have shown that this PTM—along with expression of the catalyzing enzymes, peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs)—are increased in autoimmune and age-related pathologies. PAD2 retinal expression has been previously documented in rat and human. Herein, we report on the expression levels and patterns of PAD2, PAD4, and retinal citrullination in the murine retina with age. Methods Wild-type (WT) and Pad4-/- (PAD4KO) mice ages 0.5, 0.75, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months were investigated after euthanasia and eye enucleation. Retinal lysates from 3-month-old mice were probed for PAD4 by western blot. Whole eyes were fixed, cryosectioned, and probed using an anti-PAD2/4 antibody (Ab), a specific anti-PAD4 Ab, and F95 anti-citrullinated peptide Ab. Fluorescent intensities were quantified with ImageJ. Results WT retinas show different levels of PAD4 expression in distinct retinal layers, with the most intense labeling in inner retinal layers, while PAD4KO mice lacked retinal PAD4. Using a nonspecific anti-PAD2/4 Ab, PAD reactivity observed in PAD4KO mice was attributed to PAD2. In WT, both PAD2 and PAD4 expression levels decrease significantly with age while low-level residual PAD2 expression was seen in PAD4KO mice. Citrullination levels in WT retinas paralleled PAD4 expression, with PAD4KO mice exhibiting consistently minimal citrullination. Conclusions Both PAD2 and PAD4 expression and citrullination decrease with age in the murine retina. However, in the absence of PAD4, retinal citrullination is nearly abolished, indicating that PAD4 is a main effector for retinal citrullination under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hollingsworth
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Marko Z Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sarka Beranova-Giorgianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Francesco Giorgianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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143
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Wiese M, Bannister AJ, Basu S, Boucher W, Wohlfahrt K, Christophorou MA, Nielsen ML, Klenerman D, Laue ED, Kouzarides T. Citrullination of HP1γ chromodomain affects association with chromatin. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:21. [PMID: 30940194 PMCID: PMC6444592 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell differentiation involves major chromatin reorganisation, heterochromatin formation and genomic relocalisation of structural proteins, including heterochromatin protein 1 gamma (HP1γ). As the principal reader of the repressive histone marks H3K9me2/3, HP1 plays a key role in numerous processes including heterochromatin formation and maintenance. RESULTS We find that HP1γ is citrullinated in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and this diminishes when cells differentiate, indicating that it is a dynamically regulated post-translational modification during stem cell differentiation. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4, a known regulator of pluripotency, citrullinates HP1γ in vitro. This requires R38 and R39 within the HP1γ chromodomain, and the catalytic activity is enhanced by trimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me3) peptides. Mutation of R38 and R39, designed to mimic citrullination, affects HP1γ binding to H3K9me3-containing peptides. Using live-cell single-particle tracking, we demonstrate that R38 and R39 are important for HP1γ binding to chromatin in vivo. Furthermore, their mutation reduces the residence time of HP1γ on chromatin in differentiating mESCs. CONCLUSION Citrullination is a novel post-translational modification of the structural heterochromatin protein HP1γ in mESCs that is dynamically regulated during mESC differentiation. The citrullinated residues lie within the HP1γ chromodomain and are important for H3K9me3 binding in vitro and chromatin association in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Wiese
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stuebeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Bannister
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
| | - Srinjan Basu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Wayne Boucher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - Kai Wohlfahrt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - Maria A. Christophorou
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Michael L. Nielsen
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ernest D. Laue
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA UK
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
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144
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Starkova TY, Artamonova TO, Ermakova VV, Chikhirzhina EV, Khodorkovskii MA, Tomilin AN. The Profile of Post-translational Modifications of Histone H1 in Chromatin of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:82-91. [PMID: 31413884 PMCID: PMC6643340 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-2-82-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Linker histone H1 is one of the main chromatin proteins which plays an important role in organizing eukaryotic DNA into a compact structure. There is data indicating that cell type-specific post-translational modifications of H1 modulate chromatin activity. Here, we compared histone H1 variants from NIH/3T3, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FT-ICR-MS). We found significant differences in the nature and positions of the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of H1.3-H1.5 variants in ES cells compared to differentiated cells. For instance, methylation of K75 in the H1.2-1.4 variants; methylation of K108, K148, K151, K152 K154, K155, K160, K161, K179, and K185 in H1.1, as well as of K168 in H1.2; phosphorylation of S129, T146, T149, S159, S163, and S180 in H1.1, T180 in H1.2, and T155 in H1.3 were identified exclusively in ES cells. The H1.0 and H1.2 variants in ES cells were characterized by an enhanced acetylation and overall reduced expression levels. Most of the acetylation sites of the H1.0 and H1.2 variants from ES cells were located within their C-terminal tails known to be involved in the stabilization of the condensed chromatin. These data may be used for further studies aimed at analyzing the functional role played by the revealed histone H1 PTMs in the self-renewal and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Yu. Starkova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - T. O. Artamonova
- Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya Str. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251 , Russia
| | - V. V. Ermakova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - E. V. Chikhirzhina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - M. A. Khodorkovskii
- Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya Str. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251 , Russia
| | - A. N. Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 13B Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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145
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Yuzhalin AE. Citrullination in Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1274-1284. [PMID: 30894374 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of proteins have been implicated in pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Arginine deimination (also known as citrullination) has a principal role in progression of rheumatoid arthritis through generation of autoantibodies and exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Recently, multiple research groups provided solid evidence of citrullination being in control of cancer progression; however, there is no comprehensive overview of these findings. This article summarizes and critically reviews the influence of citrullination on different aspects of tumor biology, including (i) regulation of apoptosis and differentiation, (ii) promoting EMT and metastasis, and (iii) potential use of citrullinated antigens for immunotherapy. In addition, (iv) the role of citrullination as a cancer biomarker and (v) implication of neutrophil extracellular traps in tumorigenesis are discussed. In summary, current findings testify to the significance of arginine deimination in tumor biology and thus more basic and translational studies are needed to further explore this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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146
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Cau L, Takahara H, Thompson PR, Serre G, Méchin MC, Simon M. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibitor Cl-Amidine Attenuates Cornification and Interferes with the Regulation of Autophagy in Reconstructed Human Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1889-1897.e4. [PMID: 30878672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deimination, a post-translational modification catalyzed by a family of enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), is the conversion of arginine into citrulline residues in a protein. Deimination has been associated with numerous physiological and pathological processes. Our aim was to study its implication in the homeostasis of human epidermis, where three PADs are expressed, namely PAD1, 2, and 3. Three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHEs) were treated for 2 days with increased concentrations (0-800 μM) of Cl-amidine, a specific PAD inhibitor. Cl-amidine treatments inhibited deimination in a dose-dependent manner and were not cytotoxic for keratinocytes. At 800 μM , Cl-amidine was shown to reduce deimination by half, alter keratinocyte differentiation, decrease the number of corneocyte layers, significantly increase the number of transitional cells, induce clustering of mitochondria and of heterogeneous vesicles in the cytoplasm of granular keratinocytes, and upregulate the expression of autophagy proteins, including LC3-II, sestrin-2, and p62/SQSTM1. LC3 and PADs were further shown to partially co-localize in the upper epidermis. These results demonstrated that Cl-amidine treatments slow down cornification and alter autophagy in the granular layer. They suggest that PAD1 and/or PAD3 play a role in the constitutive epidermal autophagy process that appears as an important step in cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cau
- Unité Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Hidenari Takahara
- Department of Applied Biological Resource Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guy Serre
- Unité Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Claire Méchin
- Unité Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Simon
- Unité Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France.
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147
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Jung N, Bueb JL, Tolle F, Bréchard S. Regulation of neutrophil pro-inflammatory functions sheds new light on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:170-180. [PMID: 30862503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For more than two centuries now, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is under investigation intending to discover successful treatment. Despite decades of scientific advances, RA is still representing a challenge for contemporary medicine. Current drug therapies allow to improve significantly the quality of life of RA patients; however, they are still insufficient to reverse tissue injury and are often generating side-effects. The difficulty arises from the considerable fluctuation of the clinical course of RA among patients, making the predictive prognosis difficult. More and more studies underline the profound influence of the neutrophil multifaceted functions in the pathogenesis of RA. This renewed interest in the complexity of neutrophil functions in RA offers new exciting opportunities for valuable therapeutic targets as well as for safe and well-tolerated RA treatments. In this review, we aim to update the recent findings on the multiple facets of neutrophils in RA, in particular their impact in promoting the RA-based inflammation through the release of the cytokine-like S100A8/A9 protein complex, as well as the importance of NETosis in the disease progression and development. Furthermore, we delve into the complex question of neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity and discuss the emerging role of miRNAs and epigenetic markers influencing the inflammatory response of neutrophils in RA and how they could constitute the starting point for novel attractive targets in RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jung
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases group, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J-L Bueb
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases group, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - F Tolle
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases group, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S Bréchard
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases group, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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148
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Liu M, Qu Y, Teng X, Xing Y, Li D, Li C, Cai L. PADI4‑mediated epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3087-3094. [PMID: 30816464 PMCID: PMC6423585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease involving multiple genetic and phenotypic alterations. As a histone modification enzyme, protein-arginine deiminase type-4 (PADI4) and its downstream signaling have been studied in the progression of a variety of types of human cancer, but data on PADI4-mediated posttranslational modification in lung cancer are lacking. The aim of present study was to evaluate the expression of PADI4 and its associated molecular signaling in lung cancer metastasis. The results of the present study indicated that PADI4 was overexpressed in lung cancer cells, while knockdown of PADI4 could lead to attenuation of the lung cancer cell invasion and migration phenotype, which was further verified by determining the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins. Additionally, it was demonstrated that stable knockdown of PADI4 in A549 lung cancer cells resulted in a striking reduction of the EMT-associated Snail1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3/4 transcriptional complex, which was consistent with alterations in migratory and invasive phenotypes of A549 lung cancer cells. Therefore, PADI4-mediated EMT transition is proposed to represent a novel mechanism underlying the epigenetic and phenotypic alterations in lung cancer cells, and the PADI4 associated signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target for treating lung cancer in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Xue Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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149
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El-Sayed ASA, Shindia AA, AbouZaid AA, Yassin AM, Ali GS, Sitohy MZ. Biochemical characterization of peptidylarginine deiminase-like orthologs from thermotolerant Emericella dentata and Aspergillus nidulans. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 124:41-53. [PMID: 30797478 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of hydrolases, mediating the deimination of peptidylarginine residues into peptidyl-citrulline. Equivocal protein citrullination by PADs of fungal pathogens has a strong relation to the progression of multiple human diseases, however, the biochemical properties of fungal PADs remain ambiguous. Thus, this is the first report exploring the molecular properties of PAD from thermotolerant fungi, to imitate the human temperature. The teleomorph Emericella dentata and anamorph Aspergillus nidulans have been morphologically and molecularly identified, with observed robust growth at 37-40 °C, and strong PAD productivity. The physiological profiles of E. dentata and A. nidulans for PADs production in response to carbon, nitrogen sources, initial medium pH and incubation temperature were relatively identical, emphasizing the taxonomical proximity of these fungal isolates. PADs were purified from E. dentata and A. nidulans with apparent molecular masses 41 and 48 kDa, respectively. The peptide fingerprints of PADs from E. dentata and A. nidulans have been analyzed by MALDI-TOF/MS, displaying a higher sequence similarity to human PAD4 by 18% and 31%, respectively. The conserved peptide sequences of E. dentata and A. nidulans PADs displayed a higher similarity to human PAD than A. fumigatus PADs clade. PADs from both fungal isolates have an optimum pH and pH stability at 7.0-8.0, with putative pI 5.0-5.5, higher structural denaturation at pH 4.0-5.5 and 9.5-12 as revealed from absorbance at λ280nm. E. dentata PAD had a higher conformationally thermal stability than A. nidulans PAD as revealed from its lower Kr value. From the proteolytic mapping, the orientation of trypsinolytic recognition sites on the PADs surface from both fungal isolates was very similar. PADs from both isolates are calcium dependent, with participation of serine and cysteine residues on their catalytic sites. PADs displayed a higher affinity to deiminate the peptidylarginine residues with a feeble affinity to work as ADI. So, PADs from E. dentata and A. nidulans had a relatively similar conformational and kinetic properties. Further molecular modeling analysis are ongoing to explore the role of PADs in citrullination of human proteins in Aspergillosis, that will open a new avenue for unraveling the vague of protein-protein interaction of human A. nidulans pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Shindia
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza A AbouZaid
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amany M Yassin
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Gul Shad Ali
- MREC, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Florida, 32703, USA
| | - Mahmoud Z Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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150
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Song S, Yu Y. Progression on Citrullination of Proteins in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:15. [PMID: 30740359 PMCID: PMC6357933 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The citrullination modification (Cit) of proteins has received increasing attention in recent years. This kind of protein modification was first discovered in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The citrullination modification process is catalyzed by the peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) family. A well-known citrullination of histone involves the key mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) of inflammation in the peripheral blood. Further studies revealed that citrullination modification of proteins also involves in carcinogenesis in human being. Citrullinated proteins disturbed the stability of proteins and caused DNA damages. There is increasing evidence that citrullinated proteins can be used as potential targets for cancer diagnosis or treatment. This review introduces the concept of citrullination modification of proteins, substrate proteins, examining methods and biological significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzheng Song
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
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