101
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Yu L, Wei Y, Sun HX, Mahdi AK, Pinzon Arteaga CA, Sakurai M, Schmitz DA, Zheng C, Ballard ED, Li J, Tanaka N, Kohara A, Okamura D, Mutto AA, Gu Y, Ross PJ, Wu J. Derivation of Intermediate Pluripotent Stem Cells Amenable to Primordial Germ Cell Specification. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:550-567.e12. [PMID: 33271070 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic pluripotent stem cell (PSC) states are in vitro adaptations of pluripotency continuum in vivo. Previous studies have generated a number of PSCs with distinct properties. To date, however, no known PSCs have demonstrated dual competency for chimera formation and direct responsiveness to primordial germ cell (PGC) specification, a unique functional feature of formative pluripotency. Here, by modulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and WNT pathways, we derived PSCs from mice, horses, and humans (designated as XPSCs) that are permissive for direct PGC-like cell induction in vitro and are capable of contributing to intra- or inter-species chimeras in vivo. XPSCs represent a pluripotency state between naive and primed pluripotency and harbor molecular, cellular, and phenotypic features characteristic of formative pluripotency. XPSCs open new avenues for studying mammalian pluripotency and dissecting the molecular mechanisms governing PGC specification. Our method may be broadly applicable for the derivation of analogous stem cells from other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yulei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ahmed K Mahdi
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Pinzon Arteaga
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel A Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microsurgery, Orthopaedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Emily D Ballard
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Noriko Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Aoi Kohara
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Adrian A Mutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas IIB-INTECH Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde, UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ying Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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102
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Sozen B, Demir N, Zernicka-Goetz M. BMP signalling is required for extra-embryonic ectoderm development during pre-to-post-implantation transition of the mouse embryo. Dev Biol 2020; 470:84-94. [PMID: 33217407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At implantation, the mouse embryo undergoes a critical transformation which requires the precise spatiotemporal control of signalling pathways necessary for morphogenesis and developmental progression. The role played by such signalling pathways during this transition are largely unexplored, due to the inaccessibility of the embryo during the implantation when it becomes engulfed by uterine tissues. Genetic studies demonstrate that mutant embryos for BMPs die around gastrulation. Here we have aimed to dissect the role of BMPs during pre-to post-implantation transition by using a protocol permitting the development of the embryo beyond implantation stages in vitro and using stem cells to mimic post-implantation tissue organisation. By assessing both the canonical and non-canonical mechanisms of BMP, we show that the loss of canonical BMP activity compromises the extra-embryonic ectoderm development. Our analyses demonstrate that BMP signalling maintains stem cell populations within both embryonic/extra-embryonic tissues during pre-to post-implantation development. These results may provide insight into the role played by BMP signalling in controlling early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Sozen
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK; California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Necdet Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK; California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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103
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Townshend RF, Shao Y, Wang S, Cortez CL, Esfahani SN, Spence JR, O'Shea KS, Fu J, Gumucio DL, Taniguchi K. Effect of Cell Spreading on Rosette Formation by Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588941. [PMID: 33178701 PMCID: PMC7593581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural rosettes (NPC rosettes) are radially arranged groups of cells surrounding a central lumen that arise stochastically in monolayer cultures of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPC). Since NPC rosette formation is thought to mimic cell behavior in the early neural tube, these rosettes represent important in vitro models for the study of neural tube morphogenesis. However, using current protocols, NPC rosette formation is not synchronized and results are inconsistent among different hPSC lines, hindering quantitative mechanistic analyses and challenging live cell imaging. Here, we report a rapid and robust protocol to induce rosette formation within 6 h after evenly-sized “colonies” of NPC are generated through physical cutting of uniformly polarized NESTIN+/PAX6+/PAX3+/DACH1+ NPC monolayers. These NPC rosettes show apically polarized lumens studded with primary cilia. Using this assay, we demonstrate reduced lumenal size in the absence of PODXL, an important apical determinant recently identified as a candidate gene for juvenile Parkinsonism. Interestingly, time lapse imaging reveals that, in addition to radial organization and apical lumen formation, cells within cut NPC colonies initiate rapid basally-driven spreading. Further, using chemical, genetic and biomechanical tools, we show that NPC rosette morphogenesis requires this basal spreading activity and that spreading is tightly regulated by Rho/ROCK signaling. This robust and quantitative NPC rosette platform provides a sensitive system for the further investigation of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NPC rosette morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Townshend
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sicong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chari L Cortez
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sajedeh Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - K Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kenichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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104
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Marsh B, Blelloch R. Single nuclei RNA-seq of mouse placental labyrinth development. eLife 2020; 9:e60266. [PMID: 33141023 PMCID: PMC7669270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the interface between mother and fetus in all eutherian species. However, our understanding of this essential organ remains incomplete. A substantial challenge has been the syncytial cells of the placenta, which have made dissociation and independent evaluation of the different cell types of this organ difficult. Here, we address questions concerning the ontogeny, specification, and function of the cell types of a representative hemochorial placenta by performing single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) at multiple stages of mouse embryonic development focusing on the exchange interface, the labyrinth. Timepoints extended from progenitor-driven expansion through terminal differentiation. Analysis by snRNA-seq identified transcript profiles and inferred functions, cell trajectories, signaling interactions, and transcriptional drivers of all but the most highly polyploid cell types of the placenta. These data profile placental development at an unprecedented resolution, provide insights into differentiation and function across time, and provide a resource for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Marsh
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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105
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Global hyperactivation of enhancers stabilizes human and mouse naive pluripotency through inhibition of CDK8/19 Mediator kinases. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1223-1238. [PMID: 32989249 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) transition between cell states in vitro, reflecting developmental changes in the early embryo. PSCs can be stabilized in the naive state by blocking extracellular differentiation stimuli, particularly FGF-MEK signalling. Here, we report that multiple features of the naive state in human and mouse PSCs can be recapitulated without affecting FGF-MEK signalling or global DNA methylation. Mechanistically, chemical inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19 (hereafter CDK8/19) kinases removes their ability to repress the Mediator complex at enhancers. CDK8/19 inhibition therefore increases Mediator-driven recruitment of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to promoters and enhancers. This efficiently stabilizes the naive transcriptional program and confers resistance to enhancer perturbation by BRD4 inhibition. Moreover, naive pluripotency during embryonic development coincides with a reduction in CDK8/19. We conclude that global hyperactivation of enhancers drives naive pluripotency, and this can be achieved in vitro by inhibiting CDK8/19 kinase activity. These principles may apply to other contexts of cellular plasticity.
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106
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is needed to maintain the structural integrity of tissues and to mediate cellular dynamics. Its main components are fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans, which provide a suitable environment for biological functions. Thus, biomaterials with ECM-like properties have been extensively developed by modulating their key components and properties. In the field of cardiac tissue engineering, the use of biomaterials offers several advantages in that biophysical and biochemical cues can be designed to mediate cardiac cells, which is critical for maturation and regeneration. This suggests that understanding biomaterials and their use in vivo and in vitro is beneficial in terms of advancing cardiac engineering. The current review provides an overview of both natural and synthetic biomaterials and their use in cardiac engineering. In addition, we focus on different strategies to recapitulate the cardiac tissue in 2D and 3D approaches, which is an important step for the maturation of cardiac tissues toward regeneration of the adult heart.
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107
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Zinner M, Lukonin I, Liberali P. Design principles of tissue organisation: How single cells coordinate across scales. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:37-45. [PMID: 32889170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells act as building blocks of multicellular organisms, forming higher-order structures at different biological scales. Niches, tissues and, ultimately, entire organisms consist of single cells that remain in constant communication. Emergence of developmental patterns and tissue architecture thus relies on single cells acting as a collective, coordinating growth, migration, cell fate transitions and cell type sorting. For this, information has to be transmitted forward from cells to tissues and fed back to the individual cell to allow dynamic and robust coordination. Here, we define the design principles of tissue organisation integrating chemical, genetic and mechanical cues. We also review the state-of-the-art technologies used for dissecting collective cellular behaviours at single cell- and tissue-level resolution. We finally outline future challenges that lie in a comprehensive understanding of how single cells coordinate across biological scales to insure robust development, homoeostasis and regeneration of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Zinner
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilya Lukonin
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
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108
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Shahbazi MN, Wang T, Tao X, Weatherbee BAT, Sun L, Zhan Y, Keller L, Smith GD, Pellicer A, Scott RT, Seli E, Zernicka-Goetz M. Developmental potential of aneuploid human embryos cultured beyond implantation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3987. [PMID: 32778678 PMCID: PMC7418029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a major cause of early pregnancy loss in humans. Yet, the developmental consequences of specific aneuploidies remain unexplored. Here, we determine the extent of post-implantation development of human embryos bearing common aneuploidies using a recently established culture platform. We show that while trisomy 15 and trisomy 21 embryos develop similarly to euploid embryos, monosomy 21 embryos exhibit high rates of developmental arrest, and trisomy 16 embryos display a hypo-proliferation of the trophoblast, the tissue that forms the placenta. Using human trophoblast stem cells, we show that this phenotype can be mechanistically ascribed to increased levels of the cell adhesion protein E-CADHERIN, which lead to premature differentiation and cell cycle arrest. We identify three cases of mosaicism in embryos diagnosed as full aneuploid by pre-implantation genetic testing. Our results present the first detailed analysis of post-implantation development of aneuploid human embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Tianren Wang
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, 140 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Xin Tao
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, 140 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Bailey A T Weatherbee
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Li Sun
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, 140 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Yiping Zhan
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, 140 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Laura Keller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, 1301 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, 1301 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- University of Valencia, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain
- IVIRMA Roma, Largo Ildebrando Pizzetti, 1, Rome, 00197, Italy
| | - Richard T Scott
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Science, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- IVIRMA New Jersey, 140 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA.
| | - Emre Seli
- IVIRMA New Jersey, 140 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA.
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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109
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Abstract
Gene regulatory networks and tissue morphogenetic events drive the emergence of shape and function: the pillars of embryo development. Although model systems offer a window into the molecular biology of cell fate and tissue shape, mechanistic studies of our own development have so far been technically and ethically challenging. However, recent technical developments provide the tools to describe, manipulate and mimic human embryos in a dish, thus opening a new avenue to exploring human development. Here, I discuss the evidence that supports a role for the crosstalk between cell fate and tissue shape during early human embryogenesis. This is a critical developmental period, when the body plan is laid out and many pregnancies fail. Dissecting the basic mechanisms that coordinate cell fate and tissue shape will generate an integrated understanding of early embryogenesis and new strategies for therapeutic intervention in early pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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110
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Popovic M, Bialecka M, Gomes Fernandes M, Taelman J, Van Der Jeught M, De Sutter P, Heindryckx B, Chuva De Sousa Lopes SM. Human blastocyst outgrowths recapitulate primordial germ cell specification events. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:519-526. [PMID: 31211841 PMCID: PMC6802404 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current knowledge of the mechanisms leading to human primordial germ cell (PGC) specification stems solely from differentiation experiments starting from human pluripotent stem cells. However, information regarding the origin of PGCs in vivo remains obscure. Here we apply an improved system for extended in vitro culture of human embryos to investigate the presence of PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) 12 days post fertilization (dpf). Good quality blastocysts (n = 141) were plated at 6 dpf and maintained in hypoxia, in medium supplemented with Activin A until 12 dpf. We primarily reveal that 12 dpf outgrowths recapitulate human peri-implantation events and demonstrate that blastocyst quality significantly impacts both embryo viability at 12 dpf, as well as the presence of POU5F1+ cells within viable outgrowths. Moreover, detailed examination of 12 dpf blastocyst outgrowths revealed a population of POU5F1+, SOX2– and SOX17+ cells that may correspond to PGCLCs, alongside POU5F1+ epiblast-like cells and GATA6+ endoderm-like cells. Our findings suggest that, in human, PGC precursors may become specified within the epiblast and migrate either transiently to the extra-embryonic mesoderm or directly to the dorsal part of the yolk sac endoderm around 12 dpf. This is a descriptive analysis and as such the conclusion that POU5F1+ and SOX17+ cells represent bona fide PGCs can only be considered as preliminary. In the future, other PGC markers may be used to further validate the observed cell populations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the origin of the human germline and may serve as a foundation to further unravel the molecular mechanisms governing PGC specification in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Popovic
- Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Gomes Fernandes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jasin Taelman
- Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margot Van Der Jeught
- Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susana M Chuva De Sousa Lopes
- Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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111
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Abstract
Gastrulation is a phase in early mammalian development when the three germ layers are generated and body plan is formed. Although well studied in mice, much less is known about gastrulation in humans. Owing to the lack of access to primary human tissue for study and experimental manipulation, as well as legal and ethical constraints surrounding the use of human embryos, a dissection of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this process in humans has proven elusive. Nonhuman primates, owing to their relatedness to human species, comprise a tantalizing alternative model system for understanding human biology. Two recent studies have established novel systems to study monkey embryos for 20 days, demonstrating landmark events of early primate embryogenesis with possible relevance to human development. Most strikingly, cells grown in the dish closely resembled cells in in vivo embryos, suggesting that embryo development in a dish might actually be equivalent to that which occurs in vivo. In this piece, the author discusses the tremendous potential of these new methods to unveil insights into mechanisms that mediate primate embryo development. Moreover, repurposing the extended monkey embryo culture methods to create human-monkey embryonic chimeras would aid the development of strategies to create human organs inside livestock species. Finally, the ethical and regulatory issues that emerge from reconsideration of extending time limits for human embryo culture beyond 14 days or primitive streak formation are also briefly considered.
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112
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Sozen B, Cox AL, De Jonghe J, Bao M, Hollfelder F, Glover DM, Zernicka-Goetz M. Self-Organization of Mouse Stem Cells into an Extended Potential Blastoid. Dev Cell 2020; 51:698-712.e8. [PMID: 31846649 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian blastocysts comprise three distinct cell lineages essential for development beyond implantation: the pluripotent epiblast, which generates the future embryo, and surrounding it the extra-embryonic primitive endoderm and the trophectoderm tissues. Embryonic stem cells can reintegrate into embryogenesis but contribute primarily to epiblast lineages. Here, we show that mouse embryonic stem cells cultured under extended pluripotent conditions (EPSCs) can be partnered with trophoblast stem cells to self-organize into blastocyst-like structures with all three embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages. Morphogenetic and transcriptome profiling analyses reveal that these blastocyst-like structures show distinct embryonic-abembryonic axes and primitive endoderm differentiation and can initiate the transition from the pre- to post-implantation egg cylinder morphology in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Sozen
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andy L Cox
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Joachim De Jonghe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Min Bao
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - David M Glover
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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113
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Abstract
Tissue sculpting during development has been attributed mainly to cellular events through processes such as convergent extension or apical constriction1,2. Recent work, however, has revealed roles for basement membrane remodelling in global tissue morphogenesis3–5. Upon implantation, the epiblast and extra-embryonic ectoderm of the mouse embryo become enveloped with a basement membrane. Signalling between the basement membrane and these tissues is critical for cell polarization and the ensuing morphogenesis6,7. However, the mechanical role of the basement membrane for post-implantation embryogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate the importance of spatiotemporally regulated basement membrane remodelling during early embryonic development. Specifically, we show that Nodal signalling directs the generation and dynamic distribution of perforations in the basement membrane by regulating expression of matrix metalloproteinases. This basement membrane remodelling facilitates embryo growth before gastrulation. The establishment of the anterior-posterior axis8,9 further regulates basement membrane remodelling by localizing Nodal signalling, and therefore activity of matrix metalloproteinases and basement-membrane perforations, to the posterior side of the embryo. Perforations on the posterior side are essential for primitive streak extension during gastrulation by rendering the prospective primitive streak’s basement membrane more prone to breaching. Thus spatio-temporally regulated basement membrane remodelling contributes to the coordination of embryo growth, morphogenesis and gastrulation.
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114
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Neagu A, van Genderen E, Escudero I, Verwegen L, Kurek D, Lehmann J, Stel J, Dirks RAM, van Mierlo G, Maas A, Eleveld C, Ge Y, den Dekker AT, Brouwer RWW, van IJcken WFJ, Modic M, Drukker M, Jansen JH, Rivron NC, Baart EB, Marks H, ten Berge D. In vitro capture and characterization of embryonic rosette-stage pluripotency between naive and primed states. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:534-545. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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115
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Synthetic human embryology: towards a quantitative future. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 63:30-35. [PMID: 32172182 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Study of early human embryo development is essential for advancing reproductive and regenerative medicine. Traditional human embryological studies rely on embryonic tissue specimens, which are difficult to acquire due to technical challenges and ethical restrictions. The availability of human stem cells with developmental potentials comparable to pre-implantation and peri-implantation human embryonic and extraembryonic cells, together with properly engineered in vitro culture environments, allow for the first time researchers to generate self-organized multicellular structures in vitro that mimic the structural and molecular features of their in vivo counterparts. The development of these stem cell-based, synthetic human embryo models offers a paradigm-shifting experimental system for quantitative measurements and perturbations of multicellular development, critical for advancing human embryology and reproductive and regenerative medicine without using intact human embryos.
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116
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Abstract
Understanding how mammalian organisms achieve the full diversity of cell types in the adult organism is a central goal of developmental cell biology. Recent work has shown that some embryonic precursor cells can self-organize into developmental structures but the mechanisms of gene regulation that contribute to this process remain unknown. Here we show embryonic stem cells self-organize into distinct gene expression states that resemble developmental gene programs. We find that microRNAs, small noncoding regulators of gene expression, play a critical role in organizing fluctuations across gene networks to help achieve this organization into distinct expression states. Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) contain the potential to form a diverse array of cells with distinct gene expression states, namely the cells of the adult vertebrate. Classically, diversity has been attributed to cells sensing their position with respect to external morphogen gradients. However, an alternative is that diversity arises in part from cooption of fluctuations in the gene regulatory network. Here we find ESCs exhibit intrinsic heterogeneity in the absence of external gradients by forming interconverting cell states. States vary in developmental gene expression programs and display distinct activity of microRNAs (miRNAs). Notably, miRNAs act on neighborhoods of pluripotency genes to increase variation of target genes and cell states. Loss of miRNAs that vary across states reduces target variation and delays state transitions, suggesting variable miRNAs organize and propagate variation to promote state transitions. Together these findings provide insight into how a gene regulatory network can coopt variation intrinsic to cell systems to form robust gene expression states. Interactions between intrinsic heterogeneity and environmental signals may help achieve developmental outcomes.
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117
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Chan CJ, Hiiragi T. Integration of luminal pressure and signalling in tissue self-organization. Development 2020; 147:147/5/dev181297. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.181297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Many developmental processes involve the emergence of intercellular fluid-filled lumina. This process of luminogenesis results in a build up of hydrostatic pressure and signalling molecules in the lumen. However, the potential roles of lumina in cellular functions, tissue morphogenesis and patterning have yet to be fully explored. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that describe how pressurized fluid expansion can provide both mechanical and biochemical cues to influence cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. We also review emerging techniques that allow for precise quantification of fluid pressure in vivo and in situ. Finally, we discuss the intricate interplay between luminogenesis, tissue mechanics and signalling, which provide a new dimension for understanding the principles governing tissue self-organization in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii J. Chan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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118
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Hamidi S, Nakaya Y, Nagai H, Alev C, Kasukawa T, Chhabra S, Lee R, Niwa H, Warmflash A, Shibata T, Sheng G. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition regulates initiation of pluripotency exit before gastrulation. Development 2020; 147:147/3/dev184960. [PMID: 32014865 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pluripotent epiblast gives rise to all tissues and organs in the adult body. Its differentiation starts at gastrulation, when the epiblast generates mesoderm and endoderm germ layers through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although gastrulation EMT coincides with loss of epiblast pluripotency, pluripotent cells in development and in vitro can adopt either mesenchymal or epithelial morphology. The relationship between epiblast cellular morphology and its pluripotency is not well understood. Here, using chicken epiblast and mammalian pluripotency stem cell (PSC) models, we show that PSCs undergo a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) prior to EMT-associated pluripotency loss. Epiblast MET and its subsequent EMT are two distinct processes. The former, a partial MET, is associated with reversible initiation of pluripotency exit, whereas the latter, a full EMT, is associated with complete and irreversible pluripotency loss. We provide evidence that integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction is a key player in pluripotency exit regulation. We propose that epiblast partial MET is an evolutionarily conserved process among all amniotic vertebrates and that epiblast pluripotency is restricted to an intermediate cellular state residing between the fully mesenchymal and fully epithelial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Hamidi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakaya
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sapna Chhabra
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - Ruda Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tatsuo Shibata
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan .,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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119
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Goodwin J, Laslett AL, Rugg-Gunn PJ. The application of cell surface markers to demarcate distinct human pluripotent states. Exp Cell Res 2020; 387:111749. [PMID: 31790696 PMCID: PMC6983944 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research have uncovered different subpopulations within stem cell cultures and have captured a range of pluripotent states that hold distinct molecular and functional properties. At the two ends of the pluripotency spectrum are naïve and primed hPSC, whereby naïve hPSC grown in stringent conditions recapitulate features of the preimplantation human embryo, and the conventionally grown primed hPSC align closer to the early postimplantation embryo. Investigating these cell types will help to define the mechanisms that control early development and should provide new insights into stem cell properties such as cell identity, differentiation and reprogramming. Monitoring cell surface marker expression provides a valuable approach to resolve complex cell populations, to directly compare between cell types, and to isolate viable cells for functional experiments. This review discusses the discovery and applications of cell surface markers to study human pluripotent cell types with a particular focus on the transitions between naïve and primed states. Highlighted areas for future study include the potential functions for the identified cell surface proteins in pluripotency, the production of new high-quality monoclonal antibodies to naïve-specific protein epitopes and the use of cell surface markers to characterise subpopulations within pluripotent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Goodwin
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Peter J Rugg-Gunn
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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120
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Gu Z, Guo J, Wang H, Wen Y, Gu Q. Bioengineered microenvironment to culture early embryos. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12754. [PMID: 31916359 PMCID: PMC7046478 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormalities of early post-implantation embryos can lead to early pregnancy loss and many other syndromes. However, it is hard to study embryos after implantation due to the limited accessibility. The success of embryo culture in vitro can avoid the challenges of embryonic development in vivo and provide a powerful research platform for research in developmental biology. The biophysical and chemical cues of the microenvironments impart significant spatiotemporal effects on embryonic development. Here, we summarize the main strategies which enable researchers to grow embryos outside of the body while overcoming the implantation barrier, highlight the roles of engineered microenvironments in regulating early embryonic development, and finally discuss the future challenges and new insights of early embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gu
- School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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121
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Baptista LS. Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1-7. [PMID: 32110271 PMCID: PMC7031762 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, briefly comparing them with their bone marrow counterparts, and discussing their potential for use in regenerative medicine. Subcutaneous adipose tissue differs from other mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) sources in that it contains a pre-adipocyte population that dwells in the adventitia of robust blood vessels. Pre-adipocytes are present both in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF; freshly isolated cells) and in the adherent fraction of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs; in vitro expanded cells), and have an active role on the chronic inflammation environment established in obesity, likely due their monocytic-macrophage lineage identity. The SVF and ASCs have been explored in cell therapy protocols with relative success, given their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, the widely explored multipotentiality of ASCs has direct application in bone, cartilage and adipose tissue engineering. The aim of this editorial is to reinforce the peculiarities of the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, revealing the spheroids as a recently described biotechnological tool for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Innovative cell culture techniques, in particular 3D scaffold-free cultures such as spheroids, are now available to increase the potential for regeneration and differentiation of mesenchymal lineages. Spheroids are being explored not only as a model for cell differentiation, but also as powerful 3D cell culture tools to maintain the stemness and expand the regenerative and differentiation capacities of mesenchymal cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Santos Baptista
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
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Mayer D, Stadler MB, Rittirsch M, Hess D, Lukonin I, Winzi M, Smith A, Buchholz F, Betschinger J. Zfp281 orchestrates interconversion of pluripotent states by engaging Ehmt1 and Zic2. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102591. [PMID: 31782544 PMCID: PMC6960450 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental cell fate specification is a unidirectional process that can be reverted in response to injury or experimental reprogramming. Whether differentiation and de-differentiation trajectories intersect mechanistically is unclear. Here, we performed comparative screening in lineage-related mouse naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), and identified the constitutively expressed zinc finger transcription factor (TF) Zfp281 as a bidirectional regulator of cell state interconversion. We showed that subtle chromatin binding changes in differentiated cells translate into activation of the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase Ehmt1 and stabilization of the zinc finger TF Zic2 at enhancers and promoters. Genetic gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments confirmed a critical role of Ehmt1 and Zic2 downstream of Zfp281 both in driving exit from the ESC state and in restricting reprogramming of EpiSCs. Our study reveals that cell type-invariant chromatin association of Zfp281 provides an interaction platform for remodeling the cis-regulatory network underlying cellular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mayer
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Michael B Stadler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Melanie Rittirsch
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Hess
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Ilya Lukonin
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Maria Winzi
- Medical Systems BiologyUCC, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Medical Systems BiologyUCC, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Joerg Betschinger
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
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123
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Evans J, Hutchison J, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Proteomic Insights into Endometrial Receptivity and Embryo‐Endometrial Epithelium Interaction for Implantation Reveal Critical Determinants of Fertility. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900250. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Evans
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Jennifer Hutchison
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Lois A. Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMolecular Proteomics Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe University Bundoora Victoria 3086 Australia
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124
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Molè MA, Weberling A, Zernicka-Goetz M. Comparative analysis of human and mouse development: From zygote to pre-gastrulation. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 136:113-138. [PMID: 31959285 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of the mammalian embryo begins with formation of the totipotent zygote during fertilization. This initial cell is able to give rise to every embryonic tissue of the developing organism as well as all extra-embryonic lineages, such as the placenta and the yolk sac, which are essential for the initial patterning and support growth of the fetus until birth. As the embryo transits from pre- to post-implantation, major structural and transcriptional changes occur within the embryonic lineage to set up the basis for the subsequent phase of gastrulation. Fine-tuned coordination of cell division, morphogenesis and differentiation is essential to ultimately promote assembly of the future fetus. Here, we review the current knowledge of mammalian development of both mouse and human focusing on morphogenetic processes leading to the onset of gastrulation, when the embryonic anterior-posterior axis becomes established and the three germ layers start to be specified.
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125
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Xiang L, Yin Y, Zheng Y, Ma Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Guo J, Ai Z, Niu Y, Duan K, He J, Ren S, Wu D, Bai Y, Shang Z, Dai X, Ji W, Li T. A developmental landscape of 3D-cultured human pre-gastrulation embryos. Nature 2019; 577:537-542. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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126
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Evans J, Walker KJ, Bilandzic M, Kinnear S, Salamonsen LA. A novel "embryo-endometrial" adhesion model can potentially predict "receptive" or "non-receptive" endometrium. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 37:5-16. [PMID: 31776756 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a model of human implantation that responds to hormonal stimuli and can differentiate between endometrium from fertile women and those with idiopathic infertility. DESIGN A trophoblast stem cell (trophectodermal) line (TSC; derived from human pre-implantation embryo) was used to form trophectodermal spheroids (TS). TS attachment to monolayers of endometrial epithelial cell lines or primary endometrial epithelial cells (pHEECs) was determined. SETTING Independent Medical Research Institute with close clinical linkages INTERVENTIONS: Spheroid attachment and outgrowth was determined with added hormones (estradiol 17β (E), E + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or E + MPA + human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)). Spheroid attachment to E/MPA treated pHEEC prepared from fertile women or those with idiopathic infertility tested. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Firmly attached spheroids counted after co-culture for 6 h. Outgrowth was determined by quantitation of area covered by spheroid after firm adhesion. RESULTS Functional adhesion of TS to two endometrial epithelial cell lines, Ishikawa and ECC-1 cells, was hormonally responsive, with adhesion/outgrowth increased by E/MPA (ECC-1; p < 0.01, Ishikawa; p < 0.01) and E/MPA/hCG (ECC-1; p < 0.001, Ishikawa p < 0.01) versus E alone. The same pattern of hormone responsiveness was observed in pHEEC obtained from fertile women (E vs, E/MPA; p < 0.01, E vs. E/MPA/hCG; p < 0.001). TS adhered to 85% of pHEEC obtained from fertile women (11/13) and 11% of pHEEC obtained from women with unexplained infertility (2/18, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This new model of "embryo" implantation largely discriminates between endometrial epithelial cells obtained from fertile vs. infertile women based on adhesion; this holds potential as an in vitro "diagnostic" tool of endometrial infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Evans
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Kathryn J Walker
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Sophie Kinnear
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
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127
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Ma H, Zhai J, Wan H, Jiang X, Wang X, Wang L, Xiang Y, He X, Zhao ZA, Zhao B, Zheng P, Li L, Wang H. In vitro culture of cynomolgus monkey embryos beyond early gastrulation. Science 2019; 366:science.aax7890. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation is a key event in embryonic development when the germ layers are specified and the basic animal body plan is established. The complexities of primate gastrulation remain a mystery because of the difficulties in accessing primate embryos at this stage. Here, we report the establishment of an in vitro culture (IVC) system that supports the continuous development of cynomolgus monkey blastocysts beyond early gastrulation up to 20 days after fertilization. The IVC embryos highly recapitulated the key events of in vivo early postimplantation development, including segregation of the epiblast and hypoblast, formation of the amniotic and yolk sac cavities, appearance of the primordial germ cells, and establishment of the anterior-posterior axis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses of the IVC embryos provide information about lineage specification during primate early postimplantation development. This system provides a platform with which to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of early postimplantation embryogenesis in primates with possible conservation of cell movements and lineages in human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinglei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangxiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yunlong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiechao He
- Primate Research Center, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Primate Research Center, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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128
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Li H, Chi X, Li R, Ouyang J, Chen Y. HIV-1-infected cell-derived exosomes promote the growth and progression of cervical cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2438-2447. [PMID: 31595161 PMCID: PMC6775309 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women infected with HIV are more likely to have aggressive cervical cancer, and patients with HIV infection are often more severely ill than those without HIV infection. However, the underlying mechanism for the progression of cervical cancer is not yet fully understood and requires further research. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from cell culture supernatants using differential ultracentrifugation. Confirmation of exosome isolation was based upon identification by electron microscopy and NanoSight particle tracking analysis of the purified fraction. The function of exosomes derived from HIV-infected T-cells in cervical cancer was determined by CCK8 and Transwell invasion assays. Results: Exosomal miR-155-5p derived from HIV-infected T-cells promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that HIV-infected T-cells secrete exosomal miR-155-5p that directly targets ARID2 degradation, leading to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. MiR-155-5p promotes cervical cancer progression by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8. Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrate that intercellular crosstalk between HIV-infected T-cells and cervical cancer is mediated by exosomes from HIV-infected T-cells that contribute to the malignant progression of cervical cancer, providing potential targets for the prevention and treatment of HIV-associated cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangbo Chi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Departments of Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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129
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Zheng Y, Xue X, Shao Y, Wang S, Esfahani SN, Li Z, Muncie JM, Lakins JN, Weaver VM, Gumucio DL, Fu J. Controlled modelling of human epiblast and amnion development using stem cells. Nature 2019; 573:421-425. [PMID: 31511693 PMCID: PMC8106232 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early human embryonic development involves extensive lineage diversification, cell-fate specification and tissue patterning1. Despite its basic and clinical importance, early human embryonic development remains relatively unexplained owing to interspecies divergence2,3 and limited accessibility to human embryo samples. Here we report that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in a microfluidic device recapitulate, in a highly controllable and scalable fashion, landmarks of the development of the epiblast and amniotic ectoderm parts of the conceptus, including lumenogenesis of the epiblast and the resultant pro-amniotic cavity, formation of a bipolar embryonic sac, and specification of primordial germ cells and primitive streak cells. We further show that amniotic ectoderm-like cells function as a signalling centre to trigger the onset of gastrulation-like events in hPSCs. Given its controllability and scalability, the microfluidic model provides a powerful experimental system to advance knowledge of human embryology and reproduction. This model could assist in the rational design of differentiation protocols of hPSCs for disease modelling and cell therapy, and in high-throughput drug and toxicity screens to prevent pregnancy failure and birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sicong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Zida Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathon M Muncie
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johnathon N Lakins
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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130
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Reconstituting the transcriptome and DNA methylome landscapes of human implantation. Nature 2019; 572:660-664. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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131
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Corsini NS, Peer AM, Moeseneder P, Roiuk M, Burkard TR, Theussl HC, Moll I, Knoblich JA. Coordinated Control of mRNA and rRNA Processing Controls Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:543-558.e12. [PMID: 29625069 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-specific transcriptional networks are well known to control pluripotency, but constitutive cellular processes such as mRNA splicing and protein synthesis can add complex layers of regulation with poorly understood effects on cell-fate decisions. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein HTATSF1 controls embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating multiple aspects of RNA processing during ribosome biogenesis. HTATSF1, in a complex with splicing factor SF3B1, controls intron removal from ribosomal protein transcripts and regulates ribosomal RNA transcription and processing, thereby controlling 60S ribosomal abundance and protein synthesis. HTATSF1-dependent protein synthesis is essential for naive pre-implantation epiblast to transition into post-implantation epiblast, a stage with transiently low protein synthesis, and further differentiation toward neuroectoderm. Together, these results identify coordinated regulation of ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis by HTATSF1 and show that this essential mechanism controls protein synthesis during early mammalian embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela M Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Moeseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mykola Roiuk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Theussl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Moll
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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132
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Morphogenesis of extra-embryonic tissues directs the remodelling of the mouse embryo at implantation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3557. [PMID: 31391456 PMCID: PMC6686005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian embryos change shape dramatically upon implantation. The cellular and molecular mechanism underlying this transition are largely unknown. Here, we show that this transition is directed by cross talk between the embryonic epiblast and the first extra-embryonic tissue, the trophectoderm. Specifically, we show via visualisation of a Cdx2-GFP reporter line and pharmacologically mediated loss and gain of function experiments that the epiblast provides FGF signal that results in differential fate acquisition in the multipotent trophectoderm leading to the formation of a tissue boundary within this tissue. The trophectoderm boundary becomes essential for expansion of the tissue into a multi-layered epithelium. Folding of this multi-layered trophectoderm induces spreading of the second extra-embryonic tissue, the primitive endoderm. Together, these events remodel the pre-implantation embryo into its post-implantation cylindrical shape. Our findings uncover how communication between embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues provides positional cues to drive shape changes in mammalian development during implantation.
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133
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Dumortier JG, Le Verge-Serandour M, Tortorelli AF, Mielke A, de Plater L, Turlier H, Maître JL. Hydraulic fracturing and active coarsening position the lumen of the mouse blastocyst. Science 2019; 365:465-468. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw7709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During mouse pre-implantation development, the formation of the blastocoel, a fluid-filled lumen, breaks the radial symmetry of the blastocyst. The factors that control the formation and positioning of this basolateral lumen remain obscure. We found that accumulation of pressurized fluid fractures cell-cell contacts into hundreds of micrometer-size lumens. These microlumens eventually discharge their volumes into a single dominant lumen, which we model as a process akin to Ostwald ripening, underlying the coarsening of foams. Using chimeric mutant embryos, we tuned the hydraulic fracturing of cell-cell contacts and steered the coarsening of microlumens, allowing us to successfully manipulate the final position of the lumen. We conclude that hydraulic fracturing of cell-cell contacts followed by contractility-directed coarsening of microlumens sets the first axis of symmetry of the mouse embryo.
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134
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Schliffka MF, Maître JL. Stay hydrated: basolateral fluids shaping tissues. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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135
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MacDougall MS, Clarke R, Merrill BJ. Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Nuclear Export Mediate Exit from Naive Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:210-224.e6. [PMID: 31104942 PMCID: PMC6685429 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Progression through states of pluripotency is required for cells in early mammalian embryos to transition away from heightened self-renewal and toward competency for lineage specification. Here, we use a CRISPR mutagenesis screen in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to identify unexpected roles for nuclear export and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis during the exit out of the naive state of pluripotency. Mutation of a plasma membrane Ca2+ pump encoded by Atp2b1 increased intracellular Ca2+ such that it overcame effects of intracellular Ca2+ reduction, which is required for naive exit. Persistent self-renewal of ESCs was supported both in Atp2b1-/-Tcf7l1-/- double-knockout ESCs passaged in defined media alone (no LIF or inhibitors) and in wild-type cells passaged in media containing only calcitonin and a GSK3 inhibitor. These new findings suggest a central role for intracellular Ca2+ in safeguarding naive pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S MacDougall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ryan Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Bradley J Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Genome Editing Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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136
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Shparberg RA, Glover HJ, Morris MB. Modeling Mammalian Commitment to the Neural Lineage Using Embryos and Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:705. [PMID: 31354503 PMCID: PMC6637848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early mammalian embryogenesis relies on a large range of cellular and molecular mechanisms to guide cell fate. In this highly complex interacting system, molecular circuitry tightly controls emergent properties, including cell differentiation, proliferation, morphology, migration, and communication. These molecular circuits include those responsible for the control of gene and protein expression, as well as metabolism and epigenetics. Due to the complexity of this circuitry and the relative inaccessibility of the mammalian embryo in utero, mammalian neural commitment remains one of the most challenging and poorly understood areas of developmental biology. In order to generate the nervous system, the embryo first produces two pluripotent populations, the inner cell mass and then the primitive ectoderm. The latter is the cellular substrate for gastrulation from which the three multipotent germ layers form. The germ layer definitive ectoderm, in turn, is the substrate for multipotent neurectoderm (neural plate and neural tube) formation, representing the first morphological signs of nervous system development. Subsequent patterning of the neural tube is then responsible for the formation of most of the central and peripheral nervous systems. While a large number of studies have assessed how a competent neurectoderm produces mature neural cells, less is known about the molecular signatures of definitive ectoderm and neurectoderm and the key molecular mechanisms driving their formation. Using pluripotent stem cells as a model, we will discuss the current understanding of how the pluripotent inner cell mass transitions to pluripotent primitive ectoderm and sequentially to the multipotent definitive ectoderm and neurectoderm. We will focus on the integration of cell signaling, gene activation, and epigenetic control that govern these developmental steps, and provide insight into the novel growth factor-like role that specific amino acids, such as L-proline, play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael B. Morris
- Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratory, Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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137
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Shahbazi MN, Siggia ED, Zernicka-Goetz M. Self-organization of stem cells into embryos: A window on early mammalian development. Science 2019; 364:948-951. [PMID: 31171690 PMCID: PMC8300856 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic development is orchestrated by robust and complex regulatory mechanisms acting at different scales of organization. In vivo studies are particularly challenging for mammals after implantation, owing to the small size and inaccessibility of the embryo. The generation of stem cell models of the embryo represents a powerful system with which to dissect this complexity. Control of geometry, modulation of the physical environment, and priming with chemical signals reveal the intrinsic capacity of embryonic stem cells to make patterns. Adding the stem cells for the extraembryonic lineages generates three-dimensional models that are more autonomous from the environment and recapitulate many features of the pre- and postimplantation mouse embryo, including gastrulation. Here, we review the principles of self-organization and how they set cells in motion to create an embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
| | - Eric D Siggia
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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138
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Yang P, Humphrey SJ, Cinghu S, Pathania R, Oldfield AJ, Kumar D, Perera D, Yang JYH, James DE, Mann M, Jothi R. Multi-omic Profiling Reveals Dynamics of the Phased Progression of Pluripotency. Cell Syst 2019; 8:427-445.e10. [PMID: 31078527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotency is highly dynamic and progresses through a continuum of pluripotent stem cell states. The two states that bookend the pluripotency continuum, naive and primed, are well characterized, but our understanding of the intermediate states and transitions between them remains incomplete. Here, we dissect the dynamics of pluripotent state transitions underlying pre- to post-implantation epiblast differentiation. Through comprehensive mapping of the proteome, phosphoproteome, transcriptome, and epigenome of embryonic stem cells transitioning from naive to primed pluripotency, we find that rapid, acute, and widespread changes to the phosphoproteome precede ordered changes to the epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome. Reconstruction of the kinase-substrate networks reveals signaling cascades, dynamics, and crosstalk. Distinct waves of global proteomic changes mark discrete phases of pluripotency, with cell-state-specific surface markers tracking pluripotent state transitions. Our data provide new insights into multi-layered control of the phased progression of pluripotency and a foundation for modeling mechanisms regulating pluripotent state transitions (www.stemcellatlas.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyi Yang
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Senthilkumar Cinghu
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rajneesh Pathania
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrew J Oldfield
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dinuka Perera
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jean Y H Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Raja Jothi
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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139
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Holloway EM, Capeling MM, Spence JR. Biologically inspired approaches to enhance human organoid complexity. Development 2019; 146:dev166173. [PMID: 30992275 PMCID: PMC6503984 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are complex three-dimensional in vitro organ-like model systems. Human organoids, which are derived from human pluripotent stem cells or primary human donor tissue, have been used to address fundamental questions about human development, stem cell biology and organ regeneration. Focus has now shifted towards implementation of organoids for biological discovery and advancing existing systems to more faithfully recapitulate the native organ. This work has highlighted significant unknowns in human biology and has invigorated new exploration into the cellular makeup of human organs during development and in the adult - work that is crucial for providing appropriate benchmarks for organoid systems. In this Review, we discuss efforts to characterize human organ cellular complexity and attempts to make organoid models more realistic through co-culture, transplantation and bioengineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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140
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Transcriptomic analysis of the interaction of choriocarcinoma spheroids with receptive vs. non-receptive endometrial epithelium cell lines: an in vitro model for human implantation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:857-873. [PMID: 30972518 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several in vitro systems have been reported to model human implantation; however, the molecular dynamics of the trophoblast vs. the epithelial substrate during attachment have not been described. We have established an in vitro model which allowed us to dissect the transcriptional responses of the trophoblast and the receptive vs. non-receptive epithelium after co-culture. METHODS We established an in vitro system based on co-culture of (a) immortalized cells representing receptive (Ishikawa) or non-receptive (HEC-1-A) endometrial epithelium with (b) spheroids of a trophoblastic cell line (JEG-3) modified to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). After 48 h of co-culture, GFP+ (trophoblast cells) and GFP- cell fractions (receptive or non-receptive epithelial cells) were isolated by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry (FACS) and subjected to RNA-seq profiling and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS Compared to HEC-1-A, the trophoblast challenge to Ishikawa cells differentially regulated the expression of 495 genes, which mainly involved cell adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. GSEA revealed enrichment of pathways related to cell division, cell cycle regulation, and metabolism in the Ishikawa substrate. Comparing the gene expression profile of trophoblast spheroids revealed that 1877 and 323 genes were upregulated or downregulated when co-cultured on Ishikawa substrates (compared to HEC-1-A), respectively. Pathways favorable to development, including tissue remodeling, organogenesis, and angiogenesis, were enhanced in the trophoblast compartment after co-culture of spheroids with receptive epithelium. By contrast, the co-culture with less receptive epithelium enriched pathways mainly related to trophoblast cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial receptivity requires a transcriptional signature that determines the trophoblast response and drives attachment.
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141
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Taniguchi K, Heemskerk I, Gumucio DL. Opening the black box: Stem cell-based modeling of human post-implantation development. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:410-421. [PMID: 30552099 PMCID: PMC6363460 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper development of the human embryo following its implantation into the uterine wall is critical for the successful continuation of pregnancy. However, the complex cellular and molecular changes that occur during this post-implantation period of human development are not amenable to study in vivo. Recently, several new embryo-like human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based platforms have emerged, which are beginning to illuminate the current black box state of early human post-implantation biology. In this review, we will discuss how these experimental models are carving a way for understanding novel molecular and cellular mechanisms during early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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142
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Zhang S, Chen T, Chen N, Gao D, Shi B, Kong S, West RC, Yuan Y, Zhi M, Wei Q, Xiang J, Mu H, Yue L, Lei X, Wang X, Zhong L, Liang H, Cao S, Belmonte JCI, Wang H, Han J. Implantation initiation of self-assembled embryo-like structures generated using three types of mouse blastocyst-derived stem cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:496. [PMID: 30700702 PMCID: PMC6353907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially ordered embryo-like structures self-assembled from blastocyst-derived stem cells can be generated to mimic embryogenesis in vitro. However, the assembly system and developmental potential of such structures needs to be further studied. Here, we devise a nonadherent-suspension-shaking system to generate self-assembled embryo-like structures (ETX-embryoids) using mouse embryonic, trophoblast and extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells. When cultured together, the three cell types aggregate and sort into lineage-specific compartments. Signaling among these compartments results in molecular and morphogenic events that closely mimic those observed in wild-type embryos. These ETX-embryoids exhibit lumenogenesis, asymmetric patterns of gene expression for markers of mesoderm and primordial germ cell precursors, and formation of anterior visceral endoderm-like tissues. After transplantation into the pseudopregnant mouse uterus, ETX-embryoids efficiently initiate implantation and trigger the formation of decidual tissues. The ability of the three cell types to self-assemble into an embryo-like structure in vitro provides a powerful model system for studying embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Tianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Naixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Bingbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | | | - Ye Yuan
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Minglei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Haiyuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Liang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China
| | - Suying Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | | | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10094, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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143
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Román-Fernández Á, Roignot J, Sandilands E, Nacke M, Mansour MA, McGarry L, Shanks E, Mostov KE, Bryant DM. The phospholipid PI(3,4)P 2 is an apical identity determinant. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5041. [PMID: 30487552 PMCID: PMC6262019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical-basal polarization is essential for epithelial tissue formation, segregating cortical domains to perform distinct physiological functions. Cortical lipid asymmetry has emerged as a determinant of cell polarization. We report a network of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP)-modifying enzymes, some of which are transcriptionally induced upon embedding epithelial cells in extracellular matrix, and that are essential for apical-basal polarization. Unexpectedly, we find that PI(3,4)P2 localization and function is distinct from the basolateral determinant PI(3,4,5)P3. PI(3,4)P2 localizes to the apical surface, and Rab11a-positive apical recycling endosomes. PI(3,4)P2 is produced by the 5-phosphatase SHIP1 and Class-II PI3-Kinases to recruit the endocytic regulatory protein SNX9 to basolateral domains that are being remodeled into apical surfaces. Perturbing PI(3,4)P2 levels results in defective polarization through subcortical retention of apically destined vesicles at apical membrane initiation sites. We conclude that PI(3,4)P2 is a determinant of apical membrane identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Román-Fernández
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julie Roignot
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158-2140, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158-2140, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Marisa Nacke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mohammed A Mansour
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Lynn McGarry
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Keith E Mostov
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158-2140, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158-2140, USA
| | - David M Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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144
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Lafzi A, Moutinho C, Picelli S, Heyn H. Tutorial: guidelines for the experimental design of single-cell RNA sequencing studies. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2742-2757. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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145
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Sequential formation and resolution of multiple rosettes drive embryo remodelling after implantation. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1278-1289. [PMID: 30323188 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The morphogenetic remodelling of embryo architecture after implantation culminates in pro-amniotic cavity formation. Despite its key importance, how this transformation occurs remains unknown. Here, we apply high-resolution imaging of embryos developing in vivo and in vitro, spatial RNA sequencing and 3D trophoblast stem cell models to determine the sequence and mechanisms of these remodelling events. We show that cavitation of the embryonic tissue is followed by folding of extra-embryonic tissue to mediate the formation of a second extra-embryonic cavity. Concomitantly, at the boundary between embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, a hybrid 3D rosette forms. Resolution of this rosette enables the embryonic cavity to invade the extra-embryonic tissue. Subsequently, β1-integrin signalling mediates the formation of multiple extra-embryonic 3D rosettes. Podocalyxin exocytosis leads to their polarized resolution, permitting the extension of embryonic and extra-embryonic cavities and their fusion into a unified pro-amniotic cavity. These morphogenetic transformations of embryogenesis reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism for lumen expansion and fusion.
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146
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Kishibe M, Iwasaki T, Takahashi I, Ishida-Yamamoto A. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies with embryonic folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit differentiation in syringocystadenoma papilliferum. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:923-926. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kishibe
- Department of Dermatology; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Dermatology; Asahikawa Medical University; Asahikawa Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology; Kitami Red Cross Hospital; Kitami Japan
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147
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Mincarelli L, Lister A, Lipscombe J, Macaulay IC. Defining Cell Identity with Single-Cell Omics. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700312. [PMID: 29644800 PMCID: PMC6175476 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cells are a fundamental unit of life, and the ability to study the phenotypes and behaviors of individual cells is crucial to understanding the workings of complex biological systems. Cell phenotypes (epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) exhibit dramatic heterogeneity between and within the different cell types and states underlying cellular functional diversity. Cell genotypes can also display heterogeneity throughout an organism, in the form of somatic genetic variation-most notably in the emergence and evolution of tumors. Recent technical advances in single-cell isolation and the development of omics approaches sensitive enough to reveal these aspects of cell identity have enabled a revolution in the study of multicellular systems. In this review, we discuss the technologies available to resolve the genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes of single cells from a wide variety of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mincarelli
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZUnited Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh Lister
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZUnited Kingdom
| | - James Lipscombe
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZUnited Kingdom
| | - Iain C. Macaulay
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZUnited Kingdom
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148
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Abstract
We present an overview of symmetry breaking in early mammalian development as a continuous process from compaction to specification of the body axes. While earlier studies have focused on individual symmetry-breaking events, recent advances enable us to explore progressive symmetry breaking during early mammalian development. Although we primarily discuss embryonic development of the mouse, as it is the best-studied mammalian model system to date, we also highlight the shared and distinct aspects between different mammalian species. Finally, we discuss how insights gained from studying mammalian development can be generalized in light of self-organization principles. With this review, we hope to highlight new perspectives in studying symmetry breaking and self-organization in multicellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ting Zhang
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
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149
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Rossant J. Gene editing in human development: ethical concerns and practical applications. Development 2018; 145:145/16/dev150888. [PMID: 30045910 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The amazing power of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tools and other related technologies has impacted all areas of biology today. It has also raised ethical concerns, particularly with regard to the possibility of generating heritable changes in the human genome - so-called germline gene editing. Although technical and safety issues suggest that this approach is far from clinical application, gene editing as a research tool is moving forward in human embryos, non-human primates and in stem cell-derived embryoids. These studies are already providing new information relevant to our understanding of normal human development, infertility, early pregnancy loss and pluripotent stem cell origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Rossant
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4
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150
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Self-assembly of embryonic and two extra-embryonic stem cell types into gastrulating embryo-like structures. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:979-989. [PMID: 30038254 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells can be incorporated into the developing embryo and its germ line, but, when cultured alone, their ability to generate embryonic structures is restricted. They can interact with trophoblast stem cells to generate structures that break symmetry and specify mesoderm, but their development is limited as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastrulation cannot occur. Here, we describe a system that allows assembly of mouse embryonic, trophoblast and extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells into structures that acquire the embryo's architecture with all distinct embryonic and extra-embryonic compartments. Strikingly, such embryo-like structures develop to undertake the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to mesoderm and then definitive endoderm specification. Spatial transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that these morphological transformations are underpinned by gene expression patterns characteristic of gastrulating embryos. This demonstrates the remarkable ability of three stem cell types to self-assemble in vitro into gastrulating embryo-like structures undertaking spatio-temporal events of the gastrulating mammalian embryo.
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