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Wu L, Wang Y, Zhu L, Liu Y, Wang T, Liu D, Song Y, Yang C. Aptamer-Based Liquid Biopsy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2743-2764. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Dan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanling Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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102
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Qiu J, Xu J, Zhang K, Gu W, Nie L, Wang G, Luo Y. Refining Cancer Management Using Integrated Liquid Biopsy. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2374-2384. [PMID: 32089746 PMCID: PMC7019147 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has emerged in the last ten years as an appealing noninvasive strategy to support early cancer diagnosis and follow-up interventions. However, conventional liquid biopsy strategies involving specified biomarkers have encountered unexpected inconsistencies stemming from the use of different analytical methodologies. Recent reports have repeatedly demonstrated that integrated detection of multiple liquid biopsy biomarkers can significantly improve diagnostic performance by eliminating the influence of intratumoral heterogeneity. Herein, we review the progress in the field of liquid biopsy and propose a novel integrated liquid biopsy framework consisting of three categories: elementary, intermediate, and advanced integration. We also summarize the merits of the integration strategy and propose a roadmap toward refining cancer diagnosis, metastasis surveillance, and prognostication.
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103
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Academy of Integrated Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Carilion School of Medicine, Academy of Integrated Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Gulakowski
- Systems Biology, Academy of Integrated Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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104
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Godino N, Pfisterer F, Gerling T, Guernth-Marschner C, Duschl C, Kirschbaum M. Combining dielectrophoresis and computer vision for precise and fully automated single-cell handling and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4016-4020. [PMID: 31746875 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of single-cell technologies comes the necessity for efficient protocols to process single cells. We combine dielectrophoresis with open source computer vision programming to automatically control the trajectories of single cells inside a microfluidic device. Using real-time image analysis, individual cells are automatically selected, isolated and spatially arranged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Godino
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Felix Pfisterer
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Tobias Gerling
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | - Claus Duschl
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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105
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Guan Y, Sun B. Versatile Microfluidic Mixing Platform for High- and Low-Viscosity Liquids via Acoustic and Chemical Microbubbles. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10120854. [PMID: 31817508 PMCID: PMC6952768 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic mixers have been extensively studied due to their wide application in various fields, including clinical diagnosis and chemical research. In this paper, we demonstrate a mixing platform that can be used for low- and high-viscosity liquid mixing by integrating passive (utilizing the special circulating crossflow characteristics of a zigzag microstructure and cavitation surfaces at the zigzag corners) and active (adding an acoustic field to produce oscillating microbubbles) mixing methods. By exploring the relationship between the active and passive mixing methods, it was found that the microbubbles were more likely generated at the corners of the zigzag microchannel and achieved the best mixing efficiency with the acoustically generated microbubbles (compared with the straight channel). In addition, a higher mixing effect was achieved when the microchannel corner angle and frequency were 60° and 75 kHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the device also achieved an excellent mixing effect for high-viscosity fluids, such as glycerol (its viscosity was approximately 1000 times that of deionized (DI) water at 25 °C). The mixing time was less than 1 s, and the mixing efficiency was 0.95 in the experiment. Furthermore, a new microbubble generation method was demonstrated based on chemical reactions. A higher mixing efficiency (0.97) was achieved by combining the chemical and acoustic microbubble methods, which provides a new direction for future applications and is suitable for the needs of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems and point-of-care testing (POCT).
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106
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Abstract
Abstract
Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient’s body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research.
Lay Summary
Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient’s body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.
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107
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Dong R, Liu Y, Mou L, Deng J, Jiang X. Microfluidics-Based Biomaterials and Biodevices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805033. [PMID: 30345586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of microfluidics technology has promoted new innovations in materials science, particularly by interacting with biological systems, based on precise manipulation of fluids and cells within microscale confinements. This article reviews the latest advances in microfluidics-based biomaterials and biodevices, highlighting some burgeoning areas such as functional biomaterials, cell manipulations, and flexible biodevices. These areas are interconnected not only in their basic principles, in that they all employ microfluidics to control the makeup and morphology of materials, but also unify at the ultimate goals in human healthcare. The challenges and future development trends in biological application are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Dong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Mou
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinqi Deng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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108
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Li W, Wang H, Zhao Z, Gao H, Liu C, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Emerging Nanotechnologies for Liquid Biopsy: The Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805344. [PMID: 30589111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy enables noninvasive and dynamic analysis of molecular or cellular biomarkers, and therefore holds great potential for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of disease progress and treatment efficacy, understanding of disease mechanisms, and identification of therapeutic targets for drug development. In this review, the recent progress in nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanodevices, and nanosensors for liquid biopsy is summarized, with a focus on the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The developments and advances of nanomaterials and nanostructures in enhancing the sensitivity, specificity, and purity for the detection of CTCs and EVs are discussed. Sensing techniques for signal transduction and amplification as well as visualization strategies are also discussed. New technologies for the reversible release of the isolated CTCs and EVs and for single-CTC/EV analysis are summarized. Emerging microfluidic platforms for the integral on-chip isolation, detection, and molecular analysis are also included. The opportunities, challenges, and prospects of these innovative materials and technologies, especially with regard to their feasibility in clinical applications, are discussed. The applications of nanotechnology-based liquid biopsy will bring new insight into the clinical practice in monitoring and treatment of tumor and other significant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houqian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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109
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Gopal A, Herr AE. Multiplexed in-gel microfluidic immunoassays: characterizing protein target loss during reprobing of benzophenone-modified hydrogels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15389. [PMID: 31659305 PMCID: PMC6817870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
From whole tissues to single-cell lysate, heterogeneous immunoassays are widely utilized for analysis of protein targets in complex biospecimens. Recently, benzophenone-functionalized hydrogel scaffolds have been used to immobilize target protein for immunoassay detection with fluorescent antibody probes. In benzophenone-functionalized hydrogels, multiplex target detection occurs via serial rounds of chemical stripping (incubation with sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) and β-mercaptoethanol at 50-60 °C for ≥1 h), followed by reprobing (interrogation with additional antibody probes). Although benzophenone facilitates covalent immobilization of proteins to the hydrogel, we observe 50% immunoassay signal loss of immobilized protein targets during stripping rounds. Here, we identify and characterize signal loss mechanisms during stripping and reprobing. We posit that loss of immobilized target is responsible for ≥50% of immunoassay signal loss, and that target loss is attributable to disruption of protein immobilization by denaturing detergents (SDS) and incubation at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, our study suggests that protein losses under non-denaturing conditions are more sensitive to protein structure (i.e., hydrodynamic radius), than to molecular mass (size). We formulate design guidance for multiplexed in-gel immunoassays, including that low-abundance proteins be immunoprobed first, even when targets are covalently immobilized to the gel. We also recommend careful scrutiny of the order of proteins targets detected via multiple immunoprobing cycles, based on the protein immobilization buffer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gopal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States.
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110
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Lim SB, Lim CT, Lim WT. Single-Cell Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells: Why Heterogeneity Matters. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101595. [PMID: 31635038 PMCID: PMC6826423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike bulk-cell analysis, single-cell approaches have the advantage of assessing cellular heterogeneity that governs key aspects of tumor biology. Yet, their applications to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are relatively limited, due mainly to the technical challenges resulting from extreme rarity of CTCs. Nevertheless, recent advances in microfluidics and immunoaffinity enrichment technologies along with sequencing platforms have fueled studies aiming to enrich, isolate, and sequence whole genomes of CTCs with high fidelity across various malignancies. Here, we review recent single-cell CTC (scCTC) sequencing efforts, and the integrated workflows, that have successfully characterized patient-derived CTCs. We examine how these studies uncover DNA alterations occurring at multiple molecular levels ranging from point mutations to chromosomal rearrangements from a single CTC, and discuss their cellular heterogeneity and clinical consequences. Finally, we highlight emerging strategies to address key challenges currently limiting the translation of these findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Lim
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.
- Office of Academic and Clinical Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- IMCB NCC MPI Singapore Oncogenome Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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111
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Rossi E, Zamarchi R. Single-Cell Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells: How Far Have We Come in the -Omics Era? Front Genet 2019; 10:958. [PMID: 31681412 PMCID: PMC6811661 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells detach from the primary tumor or metastatic sites and enter the peripheral blood, often causing metastasis. These cells, named Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), display the same spatial and temporal heterogeneity as the primary tumor. Since CTCs are involved in tumor progression, they represent a privileged window to disclose mechanisms of metastases, while -omic analyses at the single-cell level allow dissection of the complex relationships between the tumor subpopulations and the surrounding normal tissue. However, in addition to reporting the proof of concept that we can query CTCs to reveal tumor evolution throughout the continuum of treatment for early detection of resistance to therapy, the scientific literature has also been highlighting the disadvantages of CTCs, which hampers a routine use of this approach in clinical practice. To date, an increasing number of CTC technologies, as well as -omics methods, have been employed, mostly lacking strong comparative analyses. The rarity of CTCs also represents a major challenge, because there is no consensus regarding the minimal criteria necessary and sufficient to define an event as CTC; moreover, we cannot often compare data from of one study with that of another. Finally, the availability of an individual tumor profile undermines the traditional histology-based treatment. Applying molecular data for patient benefit implies a collective effort by biologists, bioengineers, and clinicians, to create tools to interpret molecular data and manage precision medicine in every single patient. Herein, we focus on the most recent findings in CTC −omics to learn how far we have come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Zamarchi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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112
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Circulating Tumour Cells in Lung Cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2019. [PMID: 31605226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) constitute a potential tumour surrogate that could serve as "liquid biopsy" with the advantage to be a minimally invasive approach compared to traditional tissue biopsies. As CTCs are thought to be the source of metastatic lesions, their analysis represents a potential means of tracking cancer cells from the primary tumour en route to distant sites, thus providing valuable insights into the metastatic process. However, several problems, such as their rarity in the peripheral blood, the technical limitations of single-cell downstream analysis and their phenotypic variability, make CTC detection and molecular characterisation very challenging. Nevertheless, in the last decade, there has been an exponential increase of interest in the development of powerful cellular and molecular methodologies applied to CTCs. In this chapter, we focus on the recent advances of functional studies and molecular profiling of CTCs. We will also highlight the clinical relevance of CTC detection and enumeration, and discuss their potential as tumour biomarkers with special focus on lung cancer.
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113
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He G, Feng J, Zhang A, Zhou L, Wen R, Wu J, Yang C, Yang J, Li C, Chen D, Wang J, Hu N, Xie X. Multifunctional Branched Nanostraw-Electroporation Platform for Intracellular Regulation and Monitoring of Circulating Tumor Cells. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7201-7209. [PMID: 31557044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Downstream analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has provided new insights into cancer research. In particular, the detection of CTCs, followed by the regulation and monitoring of their intracellular activities, can provide valuable information for comprehensively understanding cancer pathogenesis and progression. However, current CTC detection techniques are rarely capable of in situ regulation and monitoring of the intracellular microenvironments of cancer cells over time. Here, we developed a multifunctional branched nanostraw (BNS)-electroporation platform that could effectively capture CTCs and allow for downstream regulation and monitoring of their intracellular activities in a real-time and in situ manner. The BNSs possessed numerous nanobranches on the outer sidewall of hollow nanotubes, which could be conjugated with specific antibodies to facilitate the effective capture of CTCs. Nanoelectroporation could be applied through the BNSs to nondestructively porate the membranes of the captured cells at a low voltage, allowing the delivery of exogenous biomolecules into the cytosol and the extraction of cytosolic contents through the BNSs without affecting cell viability. The efficient delivery of biomolecules (e.g., small molecule dyes and DNA plasmids) into cancer cells with spatial and temporal control and, conversely, the repeated extraction of intracellular enzymes (e.g., caspase-3) for real-time monitoring were both demonstrated. This technology can provide new opportunities for the comprehensive understanding of cancer cell functions that will facilitate cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Jianming Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Lingfei Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Rui Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Jiangming Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Chengduan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Jiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Chunwei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Demeng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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114
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Abstract
As an alternative target to surgically resected tissue specimens, liquid biopsy has gained much attention over the past decade. Of the various circulating biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have particularly opened new windows into the metastatic cascade, with their functional, biochemical, and biophysical properties. Given the extreme rarity of intact CTCs and the associated technical challenges, however, analyses have been limited to bulk-cell strategies, missing out on clinically significant sources of information from cellular heterogeneity. With recent technological developments, it is now possible to probe genetic material of CTCs at the single-cell resolution to study spatial and temporal dynamics in circulation. Here, we discuss recent transcriptomic profiling efforts that enabled single-cell characterization of patient-derived CTCs spanning diverse cancer types. We further highlight how expression data of these putative biomarkers have advanced our understanding of metastatic spectrum and provided a basis for the development of CTC-based liquid biopsies to track, monitor, and predict the efficacy of therapy and any emergent resistance.
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115
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Keller L, Pantel K. Unravelling tumour heterogeneity by single-cell profiling of circulating tumour cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:553-567. [PMID: 31455893 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have contributed to unravelling tumour heterogeneity, now considered a hallmark of cancer and one of the main causes of tumour resistance to cancer therapies. Liquid biopsy (LB), defined as the detection and analysis of cells or cell products released by tumours into the blood, offers an appealing minimally invasive approach that allows the characterization and monitoring of tumour heterogeneity in individual patients. Here, we will review and discuss how circulating tumour cell (CTC) analysis at single-cell resolution provides unique insights into tumour heterogeneity that are not revealed by analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) derived from LBs. The molecular analysis of CTCs provides complementary information to that of genomic aberrations determined using ctDNA to fully describe many different cellular components (for example, DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites) that can influence tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keller
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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116
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Investigating circulating tumor cells and distant metastases in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:98. [PMID: 31462307 PMCID: PMC6714238 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a temporal "snapshot" of a patient's cancer and changes that occur during disease evolution. There is an extensive literature studying CTCs in breast cancer patients, and particularly in those with metastatic disease. In parallel, there is an increasing use of patient-derived models in preclinical investigations of human cancers. Yet studies are still limited demonstrating CTC shedding and metastasis formation in patient-derived models of breast cancer. METHODS We used seven patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models generated from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients to study CTCs and distant metastases. Tumor fragments from PDOX tissue from each of the seven models were implanted into 57 NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice, and tumor growth and volume were monitored. Human CTC capture from mouse blood was first optimized on the marker-agnostic Vortex CTC isolation platform, and whole blood was processed from 37 PDOX tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Staining and imaging revealed the presence of CTCs in 32/37 (86%). The total number of CTCs varied between different PDOX tumor models and between individual mice bearing the same PDOX tumors. CTCs were heterogeneous and showed cytokeratin (CK) positive, vimentin (VIM) positive, and mixed CK/VIM phenotypes. Metastases were detected in the lung (20/57, 35%), liver (7/57, 12%), and brain (1/57, less than 2%). The seven different PDOX tumor models displayed varying degrees of metastatic potential, including one TNBC PDOX tumor model that failed to generate any detectable metastases (0/8 mice) despite having CTCs present in the blood of 5/5 tested, suggesting that CTCs from this particular PDOX tumor model may typify metastatic inefficiency. CONCLUSION PDOX tumor models that shed CTCs and develop distant metastases represent an important tool for investigating TNBC.
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117
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Pei H, Li L, Wang Y, Sheng R, Wang Y, Xie S, Shui L, Si H, Tang B. Single-Cell Phenotypic Profiling of CTCs in Whole Blood Using an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11078-11084. [PMID: 31373191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell phenotypic profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients can reveal vital tumor biology information. Even though various approaches have been provided to enrich and detect CTCs, it remains challenging for consecutive CTC sorting, enumeration, and single-cell characterizations. Here, we report an integrated microfluidic device (IMD) for single-cell phenotypic profiling of CTCs that enables automated CTCs sorting from whole blood following continuous single-cell phenotypic analysis while satisfying the requirements of both high purity (92 ± 3%) of cell sorting and high-throughput processing capacity (5 mL whole blood/3 h). Using this new technique we test the phenotypes of individual CTCs collected from xenograft tumor-bearing mice and colorectal (CRC) patients at different tumor stages. We obtained a correlation between CTC characterization and clinical tumor stage and treatment response. The developed IMD offers a high-throughput, convenient, and rapid strategy to study individual CTCs toward minimally invasive cancer therapy prediction and disease monitoring and has the potential to be translated to clinic for liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimeng Pei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan 250021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiguo Wang
- Qianfoshan Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Shui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Si
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
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118
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Chen P, Chen D, Li S, Ou X, Liu BF. Microfluidics towards single cell resolution protein analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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119
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120
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Sonnen KF, Merten CA. Microfluidics as an Emerging Precision Tool in Developmental Biology. Dev Cell 2019; 48:293-311. [PMID: 30753835 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics has become a precision tool in modern biology. It enables omics data to be obtained from individual cells, as compared to averaged signals from cell populations, and it allows manipulation of biological specimens in entirely new ways. Cells and organisms can be perturbed at extraordinary spatiotemporal resolution, revealing mechanistic insights that would otherwise remain hidden. In this perspective article, we discuss the current and future impact of microfluidic technology in the field of developmental biology. In addition, we provide detailed information on how to start using this technology even without prior experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph A Merten
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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121
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Tian F, Liu C, Lin L, Chen Q, Sun J. Microfluidic analysis of circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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122
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Engineering microfluidic chip for circulating tumor cells: From enrichment, release to single cell analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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123
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Raillon C, Che J, Thill S, Duchamp M, Desbiolles BXE, Millet A, Sollier E, Renaud P. Toward Microfluidic Label-Free Isolation and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Samples. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1085-1095. [PMID: 31364817 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The isolation, analysis, and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient blood samples are a paradigm shift for cancer patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Most methods used to isolate and enumerate these target cells rely on the expression of cell surface markers, which varies between patients, cancer types, tumors, and stages. Here, we propose a label-free high-throughput platform to isolate, enumerate, and size CTCs on two coupled microfluidic devices. Cancer cells were purified through a Vortex chip and subsequently flowed in-line to an impedance chip, where a pair of electrodes measured fluctuations of an applied electric field generated by cells passing through. A proof-of-concept of the coupling of those two devices was demonstrated with beads and cells. First, the impedance chip was tested as a stand-alone device: (1) with beads (mean counting error of 1.0%, sizing information clearly separated three clusters for 8, 15, and 20 um beads, respectively) as well as (2) with cancer cells (mean counting error of 3.5%). Second, the combined setup was tested with beads, then with cells in phosphate-buffered saline, and finally with cancer cells spiked in healthy blood. Experiments demonstrated that the Vortex HT chip enriched the cancer cells, which then could be counted and differentiated from smaller blood cells by the impedance chip based on size information. Further discrimination was shown with dual high-frequency measurements using electric opacity, highlighting the potential application of this combined setup for a fully integrated label-free isolation and enumeration of CTCs from cancer patient samples. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Raillon
- STI-IMT-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, California, 94588
| | - James Che
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, California, 94588
| | - Sandy Thill
- STI-IMT-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Arnaud Millet
- Team Mechanobiology, Immunity and Cancer, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
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124
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Feng S, Mao S, Dou J, Li W, Li H, Lin JM. An open-space microfluidic chip with fluid walls for online detection of VEGF via rolling circle amplification. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8571-8576. [PMID: 31803431 PMCID: PMC6839512 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an open-space microfluidic chip with fluid walls, integrating functions of cell culture and online detection of secreted proteins controlled by the interfacial tension value.
Despite traditional poly-dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices having great potential in various biological studies, they are limited by sophisticated fabrication processes and low utilization. An easily controlled microfluidic platform with high efficiency and low cost is desperately required. In this work, we present an open-space microfluidic chip with fluid walls, integrating cell culture and online semi-quantitative detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction. In comparison with conventional co-culture detecting platforms, this method features the prominent advantages of saving reagents and time, a simplified chip fabrication process, and avoiding additional assistance for online detection with the help of an interfacial tension valve. On such a multi-functional microfluidic chip, cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells and malignant glioma cells) could maintain regular growth and cell viability. VEGF could be detected with excellent specificity and good linearity in the range of 10–250 pg mL–1. Meanwhile, VEGF secreted by malignant glioma cells was also detected online and obviously increased when cells were stimulated by deferoxamine (DFO) to mimic a hypoxic microenvironment. The designed biochip with fluid walls provides a new perspective for micro-total analysis and could be promisingly applied in future clinical diagnosis and drug analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Feng
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Jinxin Dou
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
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125
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Maly V, Maly O, Kolostova K, Bobek V. Circulating Tumor Cells in Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer. In Vivo 2019; 33:1027-1037. [PMID: 31280190 PMCID: PMC6689346 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), detached from the primary tumor or metastases and shed in the patient's bloodstream, represent a relatively easily obtainable sample of the cancer tissue that can indicate the actual state of cancer, and their evaluation can be repeated many times during the course of treatment. As part of liquid biopsy, evaluation of CTCs provides a lot of clinically relevant information, which reflects the actual, real-time conditions of the disease. CTCs can be used in cancer diagnosis or screening, real-time long-term disease monitoring and even therapy guidance. Their analysis can include their number, morphology, and biological features by using immunocytochemistry and all "-omic" technologies. This review describes methods of CTC isolation and potential clinical utilization in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilem Maly
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Krajska Zdravotni a.s. Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Maly
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kolostova
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Bobek
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Krajska Zdravotni a.s. Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wroclaw, Poland
- 3rd Department of Surgery, University Hospital FN Motol and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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126
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Tellez-Gabriel M, Heymann MF, Heymann D. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Tool for Assessing Tumor Heterogeneity. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4580-4594. [PMID: 31367241 PMCID: PMC6643448 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is the major cause of failure in cancer prognosis and prediction. Accurately detecting heterogeneity for the development of biomarkers and the detection of the clones resistant to therapy is one of the main goals of contemporary medicine. Metastases belong to the natural history of cancer. The present review gives an overview on the origin of tumor heterogeneity. Recent progress has made it possible to isolate and characterize circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are the drivers of the disease between the primary sites and metastatic foci. The most recent methods for characterizing CTCs are summarized and we discuss the power of CTC profiling for analyzing tumor heterogeneity in early and advanced diseases.
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127
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Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Liu J. Advancing single-cell proteomics and metabolomics with microfluidic technologies. Analyst 2019; 144:846-858. [PMID: 30351310 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell analysis have unraveled substantial heterogeneity among seemingly identical cells at genomic and transcriptomic levels. These discoveries have urged scientists to develop new tools that are capable of investigating single cells from a broader set of "omics". Proteomics and metabolomics, for instance, are of particular interest as they are closely correlated with a dynamic picture of cellular behaviors and phenotypic identities. The development of such tools requires highly efficient isolation and processing of a large number of individual cells, where techniques such as microfluidics are extremely useful. Here, we review the recent advances in single-cell proteomics and metabolomics, with a focus on microfluidics-based platforms. We highlight a vast array of emerging microfluidic formats for single-cell isolation and manipulation, and how the state-of-the-art analytical tools are coupled with such platforms for proteomic and metabolomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
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128
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Sinkala E, Rosàs-Canyelles E, Herr AE. Single-cell mobility shift electrophoresis reports protein localization to the cell membrane. Analyst 2019; 144:972-979. [PMID: 30234203 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While profiling of cell surface receptors grants valuable insight on cell phenotype, surface receptors alone cannot fully describe activated downstream signaling pathways, detect internalized receptor activity, or indicate constitutively active signaling in subcellular compartments. To measure surface-bound and intracellular targets in the same cell, we introduce a tandem single-cell assay that combines immunofluorescence of surface-bound epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) with subsequent protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of unfixed MCF7 breast cancer cells. After surface staining and cell lysis, surface EpCAM is analyzed by single-cell PAGE, concurrent with immunoprobing of intracellular targets. Consequently, the single-cell electrophoresis step reports localization of both surface and intracellular targets. Unbound intracellular EpCAM is readily resolved from surface EpCAM immunocomplex owing to a ∼30% mobility shift. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence are in concordance with single-cell PAGE. Lastly, we challenged the stability of the EpCAM immunocomplexes by varying ionic and non-ionic component concentrations in the lysis buffer, the lysis time, and electrophoresis duration. As expected, the harsher conditions proved most disruptive to the immunocomplexes. The compatibility of live-cell immunostaining with single-cell PAGE eliminates the need to perform single-cell imaging by condensing read-out of both surface-bound proteins (as low mobility immune complexes) and intracellular targets to a single immunoblot, thus linking cell type and state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Sinkala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 Berkeley, USA.
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129
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Cheng YH, Chen YC, Lin E, Brien R, Jung S, Chen YT, Lee W, Hao Z, Sahoo S, Min Kang H, Cong J, Burness M, Nagrath S, S Wicha M, Yoon E. Hydro-Seq enables contamination-free high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing for circulating tumor cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2163. [PMID: 31092822 PMCID: PMC6520360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at single-cell resolution offers great promise for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics from simple liquid biopsy. Recent development of massively parallel single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a powerful method to resolve the cellular heterogeneity from gene expression and pathway regulation analysis. However, the scarcity of CTCs and the massive contamination of blood cells limit the utility of currently available technologies. Here, we present Hydro-Seq, a scalable hydrodynamic scRNA-seq barcoding technique, for high-throughput CTC analysis. High cell-capture efficiency and contamination removal capability of Hydro-Seq enables successful scRNA-seq of 666 CTCs from 21 breast cancer patient samples at high throughput. We identify breast cancer drug targets for hormone and targeted therapies and tracked individual cells that express markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as well as of epithelial/mesenchymal cell state transitions. Transcriptome analysis of these cells provides insights into monitoring target therapeutics and processes underlying tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA.,Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Riley Brien
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
| | - Seungwon Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA.,Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Computer Science Department UCLA, Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1596, USA
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
| | - Zhijian Hao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
| | - Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Jason Cong
- Computer Science Department UCLA, Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1596, USA
| | - Monika Burness
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.
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130
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Ji Y, Qi D, Li L, Su H, Li X, Luo Y, Sun B, Zhang F, Lin B, Liu T, Lu Y. Multiplexed profiling of single-cell extracellular vesicles secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5979-5984. [PMID: 30858327 PMCID: PMC6442581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814348116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important intercellular mediators regulating health and diseases. Conventional methods for EV surface marker profiling, which was based on population measurements, masked the cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the quantity and phenotypes of EV secretion. Herein, by using spatially patterned antibody barcodes, we realized multiplexed profiling of single-cell EV secretion from more than 1,000 single cells simultaneously. Applying this platform to profile human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines led to a deep understanding of previously undifferentiated single-cell heterogeneity underlying EV secretion. Notably, we observed that the decrement of certain EV phenotypes (e.g., CD63+EV) was associated with the invasive feature of both OSCC cell lines and primary OSCC cells. We also realized multiplexed detection of EV secretion and cytokines secretion simultaneously from the same single cells to investigate the multidimensional spectrum of cellular communications, from which we resolved tiered functional subgroups with distinct secretion profiles by visualized clustering and principal component analysis. In particular, we found that different cell subgroups dominated EV secretion and cytokine secretion. The technology introduced here enables a comprehensive evaluation of EV secretion heterogeneity at single-cell level, which may become an indispensable tool to complement current single-cell analysis and EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ji
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Dongyuan Qi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011 Dalian, China
| | - Linmei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Haoran Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027 Dalian, China
| | - Fuyin Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027 Dalian, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China;
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China;
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131
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Future of Liquid Biopsies With Growing Technological and Bioinformatics Studies: Opportunities and Challenges in Discovering Tumor Heterogeneity With Single-Cell Level Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:104-108. [PMID: 29601337 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy provides minimally invasive and readily obtainable access to tumor-associated biological material in blood or other body fluids. These samples provide important insights into cancer biology, such as primary tumor heterogeneity; real-time tumor evolution; response to therapy, including immunotherapy; and mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Initial biological materials studied were circulating tumor cells and circulating nucleic acids, including circulating tumor DNA and microRNAs; more recently, studies have expanded to investigate extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, microvesicles, and large oncosomes; tumor-derived circulating endothelial cells; and tumor-educated platelets. Even with an ongoing ambitious investment effort to develop liquid biopsy as an early cancer detection test in asymptomatic individuals, current challenges remain regarding how to access and analyze rare cells and tumor-derived nucleic acids in cancer patients. Technologies and associated bioinformatics tools are continuously evolving to capture these rare materials in an unbiased manner and to analyze them with high confidence. After first presenting recent applications of liquid biopsy, this review discusses aspects affecting the field, including tumor heterogeneity, single-cell analyses, and associated computational tools that will shape the future of liquid biopsy, with resultant opportunities and challenges.
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Pantel K, Alix-Panabières C. Liquid biopsy and minimal residual disease — latest advances and implications for cure. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:409-424. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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133
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De Rubis G, Rajeev Krishnan S, Bebawy M. Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:172-186. [PMID: 30736982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies, comprising the noninvasive analysis of circulating tumor-derived material (the 'tumor circulome'), represent an innovative tool in precision oncology to overcome current limitations associated with tissue biopsies. Within the tumor circulome, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the only components the clinical application of which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) are relatively new tumor circulome constituents with promising potential at each stage of cancer management. Here, we discuss the clinical applications of each element of the tumor circulome and the prevailing factors that currently limit their implementation in clinical practice. We also detail the most recent technological developments in the field, which demonstrate potential in improving the clinical value of liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney Australia, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sabna Rajeev Krishnan
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney Australia, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney Australia, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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134
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Scheler O, Postek W, Garstecki P. Recent developments of microfluidics as a tool for biotechnology and microbiology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 55:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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135
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Abouleila Y, Onidani K, Ali A, Shoji H, Kawai T, Lim CT, Kumar V, Okaya S, Kato K, Hiyama E, Yanagida T, Masujima T, Shimizu Y, Honda K. Live single cell mass spectrometry reveals cancer-specific metabolic profiles of circulating tumor cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:697-706. [PMID: 30549153 PMCID: PMC6361580 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increased attention on the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), also known as liquid biopsy, owing to its potential benefits in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Circulating tumor cells are released from primary tumor lesions into the blood stream and eventually metastasize to distant body organs. However, a major hurdle with CTC analysis is their natural scarcity. Existing methods lack sensitivity, specificity, or reproducibility required in CTC characterization and detection. Here, we report untargeted molecular profiling of single CTCs obtained from gastric cancer and colorectal cancer patients, using live single cell mass spectrometry integrated with microfluidics-based cell enrichment techniques. Using this approach, we showed the difference in the metabolomic profile between CTCs originating from different cancer groups. Moreover, potential biomarkers were putatively annotated to be specific to each cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Abouleila
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics research (BDR)OsakaJapan
- Natural Science for Basic Research and DevelopmentHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Misr International University Research Center (MIU‐RC)CairoEgypt
| | - Kaoru Onidani
- Department of Biomarkers for Early Detection of CancerNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Ahmed Ali
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics research (BDR)OsakaJapan
- Natural Science for Basic Research and DevelopmentHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Misr International University Research Center (MIU‐RC)CairoEgypt
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Department of Biomarkers for Early Detection of CancerNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology DivisionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics research (BDR)OsakaJapan
- Japan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTOSaitamaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Vipin Kumar
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics research (BDR)OsakaJapan
| | - Shinobu Okaya
- Department of Biomarkers for Early Detection of CancerNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Ken Kato
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology DivisionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Eiso Hiyama
- Natural Science for Basic Research and DevelopmentHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Toshio Yanagida
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics research (BDR)OsakaJapan
| | | | | | - Kazufumi Honda
- Department of Biomarkers for Early Detection of CancerNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) CRESTTokyoJapan
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136
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Profiling of Invasive Breast Carcinoma Circulating Tumour Cells-Are We Ready for the 'Liquid' Revolution? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020143. [PMID: 30691008 PMCID: PMC6406427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As dissemination through blood and lymph is the critical step of the metastatic cascade, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have attracted wide attention as a potential surrogate marker to monitor progression into metastatic disease and response to therapy. In patients with invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), CTCs are being considered nowadays as a valid counterpart for the assessment of known prognostic and predictive factors. Molecular characterization of CTCs using protein detection, genomic and transcriptomic panels allows to depict IBC biology. Such molecular profiling of circulating cells with increased metastatic abilities appears to be essential, especially after tumour resection, as well as in advanced disseminated disease, when information crucial for identification of therapeutic targets becomes unobtainable from the primary site. If CTCs are truly representative of primary tumours and metastases, characterization of the molecular profile of this easily accessible ‘biopsy’ might be of prime importance for clinical practice in IBC patients. This review summarizes available data on feasibility and documented benefits of monitoring of essential IBC biological features in CTCs, with special reference to multifactorial proteomic, genomic, and transcriptomic panels of known prognostic or predictive value.
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137
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Yang Y, Zeng Y. Microfluidic communicating vessel chip for expedited and automated immunomagnetic assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3830-3839. [PMID: 30394473 PMCID: PMC6279511 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive analysis of protein biomarkers is of tremendous biological and clinical significance. Immunoassays are workhorse tools for protein analysis and have been under continuous investigation to develop new methods and to improve the analytical performance. Herein we report a pneumatically gated microfluidic communicating vessel (μCOVE) chip for rapid and sensitive immunomagnetic ELISA. A distinct feature of our device is that it employs the communicating vessel principle as a simple means to generate a fast transient hydrodynamic flow to enable effective flow washing without the need for excessive incubation, which greatly simplifies and expedites the assay workflow, compared to conventional microfluidic flow-based immunoassays. Stationary multi-phase microfluidic techniques have been developed for fast bead washing. However, they have some limitations, such as the need for careful control of interfacial properties, large bead quantity required for reliable interphase bead transport, and relatively high bead loss during surface tension-gated traverse. Our single-phase μCOVE chip can overcome such limitations and facilitate the manipulation of magnetic beads to streamline the assay workflow. We showed that the μCOVE device affords highly sensitive quantification of the CEA and EGFR proteins with a LOD down to the sub-picogram per mL level. Direct detection of the EGFR in the crude A431 cell lysate was also demonstrated to further validate the ability of our device for rapid and quantitative analysis of complex biological samples. Overall, our work presents a unique platform that combines the merits of the stationary multi-phase systems and the flow-based microfluidics. This novel immunoassay microsystem has promising potential for a broad range of biological and clinical applications, owing to its simplicity and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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138
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Lemaire CA, Liu SZ, Wilkerson CL, Ramani VC, Barzanian NA, Huang KW, Che J, Chiu MW, Vuppalapaty M, Dimmick AM, Carlo DD, Kochersperger ML, Crouse SC, Jeffrey SS, Englert RF, Hengstler S, Renier C, Sollier-Christen E. Fast and Label-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood: From a Research Microfluidic Platform to an Automated Fluidic Instrument, VTX-1 Liquid Biopsy System. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:16-29. [PMID: 29355087 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317738698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor tissue biopsies are invasive, costly, and collect a limited cell population not completely reflective of patient cancer cell diversity. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be isolated from a simple blood draw and may be representative of the diverse biology from multiple tumor sites. The VTX-1 Liquid Biopsy System was designed to automate the isolation of clinically relevant CTC populations, making the CTCs available for easy analysis. We present here the transition from a cutting-edge microfluidic innovation in the lab to a commercial, automated system for isolating CTCs directly from whole blood. As the technology evolved into a commercial system, flexible polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chips were replaced by rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) chips for a 2.2-fold increase in cell recovery. Automating the fluidic processing with the VTX-1 further improved cancer cell recovery by nearly 1.4-fold, with a 2.8-fold decrease in contaminating white blood cells and overall improved reproducibility. Two isolation protocols were optimized that favor either the cancer cell recovery (up to 71.6% recovery) or sample purity (≤100 white blood cells/mL). The VTX-1's performance was further tested with three different spiked breast or lung cancer cell lines, with 69.0% to 79.5% cell recovery. Finally, several cancer research applications are presented using the commercial VTX-1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Z Liu
- 1 Vortex Biosciences Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Vishnu C Ramani
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - James Che
- 1 Vortex Biosciences Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dino Di Carlo
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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139
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchen Sun
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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140
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Pan Q, Yamauchi KA, Herr AE. Controlling Dispersion during Single-Cell Polyacrylamide-Gel Electrophoresis in Open Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13419-13426. [PMID: 30346747 PMCID: PMC6777840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
New tools for measuring protein expression in individual cells complement single-cell genomics and transcriptomics. To characterize a population of individual mammalian cells, hundreds to thousands of microwells are arrayed on a polyacrylamide-gel-coated glass microscope slide. In this "open" fluidic device format, we explore the feasibility of mitigating diffusional losses during lysis and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE) through spatial control of the pore-size of the gel layer. To reduce in-plane diffusion-driven dilution of each single-cell lysate during in-microwell chemical lysis, we photopattern and characterize microwells with small-pore-size sidewalls ringing the microwell except at the injection region. To reduce out-of-plane-diffusion-driven-dilution-caused signal loss during both lysis and single-cell PAGE, we scrutinize a selectively permeable agarose lid layer. To reduce injection dispersion, we photopattern and study a stacking-gel feature at the head of each <1 mm separation axis. Lastly, we explore a semienclosed device design that reduces the cross-sectional area of the chip, thus reducing Joule-heating-induced dispersion during single-cell PAGE. As a result, we observed a 3-fold increase in separation resolution during a 30 s separation and a >2-fold enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio. We present well-integrated strategies for enhancing overall single-cell-PAGE performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin A. Yamauchi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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141
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Kim JJ, Chan PPY, Vlassakis J, Geldert A, Herr AE. Microparticle Delivery of Protein Markers for Single-Cell Western Blotting from Microwells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802865. [PMID: 30334351 PMCID: PMC6272123 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoblotting confers protein identification specificity beyond that of immunoassays by prepending protein electrophoresis (sizing) to immunoprobing. To accurately size protein targets, sample analysis includes concurrent analysis of protein markers with known molecular masses. To incorporate protein markers in single-cell western blotting, microwells are used to isolate individual cells and protein marker-coated microparticles. A magnetic field directs protein-coated microparticles to >75% of microwells, so as to 1) deliver a quantum of protein marker to each cell-laden microwell and 2) synchronize protein marker solubilization with cell lysis. Nickel-coated microparticles are designed, fabricated, and characterized, each conjugated with a mixture of histidine-tagged proteins (42.3-100 kDa). Imidazole in the cell lysis buffer solubilizes protein markers during a 30 s cell lysis step, with an observed protein marker release half-life of 4.46 s. Across hundreds of individual microwells and different microdevices, robust log-linear regression fits (R2 > 0.97) of protein molecular mass and electrophoretic mobility are observed. The protein marker and microparticle system is applied to determine the molecular masses of five endogenous proteins in breast cancer cells (GAPDH, β-TUB, CK8, STAT3, ER-α), with <20% mass error. Microparticle-delivered protein standards underpin robust, reproducible electrophoretic cytometry that complements single-cell genomics and transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peggy P. Y. Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Faculty of Science Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Julea Vlassakis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alisha Geldert
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, ; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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142
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Zhu Y, Podolak J, Zhao R, Shukla AK, Moore RJ, Thomas GV, Kelly RT. Proteome Profiling of 1 to 5 Spiked Circulating Tumor Cells Isolated from Whole Blood Using Immunodensity Enrichment, Laser Capture Microdissection, Nanodroplet Sample Processing, and Ultrasensitive nanoLC-MS. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11756-11759. [PMID: 30269481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteome profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide crucial insight into disease progression and the role of CTCs in tumor metastasis. We describe an integrated workflow to measure global protein expression in 1-5 spiked CTCs enriched from whole blood by immunodensity gradient centrifugation. Enriched CTCs were purified and collected by laser capture microdissection, prepared using a recently developed nanodroplet-based processing platform (nanoPOTS), and finally analyzed by ultrasensitive nanoLC-MS/MS. The workflow was capable of identifying an average of 164 and 607 protein groups from samples comprising 1 and 5 LNCaP cells, respectively, that were isolated from human whole blood. A panel of prostate cancer-specific proteins were identified and quantified, which was used to differentiate between spiked CTCs and white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Jennifer Podolak
- Knight Cancer Institute , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Anil K Shukla
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - George V Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
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143
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Sollier-Christen E, Renier C, Kaplan T, Kfir E, Crouse SC. VTX-1 Liquid Biopsy System for Fully-Automated and Label-Free Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells with Automated Enumeration by BioView Platform. Cytometry A 2018; 93:1240-1245. [PMID: 30211979 PMCID: PMC6585822 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians continue to rely on invasive tissue biopsies as a mean to assess a patient's disease and prescribe appropriate treatment regimens. Biopsies not only are risky and expensive but also limit the understanding of disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be isolated from a simple blood draw and offer a promising potential to both diagnose and monitor cancer progression. The VTX‐1 Liquid Biopsy System automates the isolation of clinically relevant CTC populations, while simplifying their collection for easy analysis, ultimately expanding the clinical possibilities for CTCs. We present here the key features and performance of this automated system for isolating CTCs directly from whole blood, both with cell spiking experiments and patient samples. As a first step toward the characterization of CTCs for research applications and transfer to clinical practice, we present workflows for both molecular analyses and automated cell enumeration and biomarker quantification with the BioView imaging platform. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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144
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Shekaramiz E, Doshi R, Wickramasinghe HK. Protein fishing from single live cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:67. [PMID: 30205820 PMCID: PMC6134770 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein and proteomic studies using mass spectrometry, imaging microscopy, flow cytometry, or western blotting techniques require genetic manipulation, cell permeabilization, and/or cell lysis. We present a biophysical method that employs a nanoaspirator to 'fish' native cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins from single mammalian cells, without compromising cell viability, followed by ex cellulo quantitative detection. Our work paves the way for spatiotemporally-controlled, quantitative, live, single-cell proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Shekaramiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Rupak Doshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- InhibRx LLP, 11025 N Torrey Pines Rd, #200, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - H. Kumar Wickramasinghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
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145
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Dixit C, Kadimisetty K, Rusling J. 3D-printed miniaturized fluidic tools in chemistry and biology. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 106:37-52. [PMID: 32296252 PMCID: PMC7158885 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3D printing (3DP), an additive manufacturing (AM) approach allowing for rapid prototyping and decentralized fabrication on-demand, has become a common method for creating parts or whole devices. The wide scope of the AM extends from organized sectors of construction, ornament, medical, and R&D industries to individual explorers attributed to the low cost, high quality printers along with revolutionary tools and polymers. While progress is being made but big manufacturing challenges are still there. Considering the quickly shifting narrative towards miniaturized analytical systems (MAS) we focus on the development/rapid prototyping and manufacturing of MAS with 3DP, and application dependent challenges in engineering designs and choice of the polymeric materials and provide an exhaustive background to the applications of 3DP in biology and chemistry. This will allow readers to perceive the most important features of AM in creating (i) various individual and modular components, and (ii) complete integrated tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.K. Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - K. Kadimisetty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - J. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Centre, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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146
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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147
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Gao D, Mittal V, Ban Y, Lourenco AR, Yomtoubian S, Lee S. Metastatic tumor cells - genotypes and phenotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:277-286. [PMID: 30774650 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-018-1513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients. Therefore, elucidating the genetics and epigenetics of metastatic tumor cells and the mechanisms by which tumor cells acquire metastatic properties constitute significant challenges in cancer research. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current understandings of the specific genotype and phenotype of the metastatic tumor cells. METHOD and RESULT In-depth genetic analysis of tumor cells, especially with advances in the next-generation sequencing, have revealed insights of the genotypes of metastatic tumor cells. Also, studies have shown that the cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes are associated with the metastatic cascade. CONCLUSION In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the field by focusing on the genomic instability and phenotypic dynamics of metastatic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Ana Rita Lourenco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Shira Yomtoubian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Sharrell Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
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148
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Peveler WJ, Algar WR. More Than a Light Switch: Engineering Unconventional Fluorescent Configurations for Biological Sensing. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1752-1766. [PMID: 29461796 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence is a powerful and sensitive tool in biological detection, used widely for cellular imaging and in vitro molecular diagnostics. Over time, three prominent conventions have emerged in the design of fluorescent biosensors: a sensor is ideally specific for its target, only one fluorescence signal turns on or off in response to the target, and each target requires its own sensor and signal combination. These are conventions but not requirements, and sensors that break with one or more of these conventions can offer new capabilities and advantages. Here, we review "unconventional" fluorescent sensor configurations based on fluorescent dyes, proteins, and nanomaterials such as quantum dots and metal nanoclusters. These configurations include multifluorophore Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) networks, temporal multiplexing, photonic logic, and cross-reactive arrays or "noses". The more complex but carefully engineered biorecognition and fluorescence signaling modalities in unconventional designs are richer in information, afford greater multiplexing capacity, and are potentially better suited to the analysis of complex biological samples, interactions, processes, and diseases. We conclude with a short perspective on the future of unconventional fluorescent sensors and encourage researchers to imagine sensing beyond the metaphorical light bulb and light switch combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Peveler
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K
| | - W. Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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149
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Vickerman BM, Anttila MM, Petersen BV, Allbritton NL, Lawrence DS. Design and Application of Sensors for Chemical Cytometry. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1741-1751. [PMID: 29376326 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bulk cell population response to a stimulus, be it a growth factor or a cytotoxic agent, neglects the cell-to-cell variability that can serve as a friend or as a foe in human biology. Biochemical variations among closely related cells furnish the basis for the adaptability of the immune system but also act as the root cause of resistance to chemotherapy by tumors. Consequently, the ability to probe for the presence of key biochemical variables at the single-cell level is now recognized to be of significant biological and biomedical impact. Chemical cytometry has emerged as an ultrasensitive single-cell platform with the flexibility to measure an array of cellular components, ranging from metabolite concentrations to enzyme activities. We briefly review the various chemical cytometry strategies, including recent advances in reporter design, probe and metabolite separation, and detection instrumentation. We also describe strategies for improving intracellular delivery, biochemical specificity, metabolic stability, and detection sensitivity of probes. Recent applications of these strategies to small molecules, lipids, proteins, and other analytes are discussed. Finally, we assess the current scope and limitations of chemical cytometry and discuss areas for future development to meet the needs of single-cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Vickerman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew M. Anttila
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brae V. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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150
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Rosàs-Canyelles E, Dai T, Li S, Herr AE. Mouse-to-mouse variation in maturation heterogeneity of smooth muscle cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1875-1883. [PMID: 29796562 PMCID: PMC6019577 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) heterogeneity plays an important role in vascular remodeling, a life-threatening hallmark of many vascular diseases. However, the characterization of SMCs at the single-cell level is stymied by drawbacks of contemporary single-cell protein measurements, including antibody probe cross-reactivity, chemical fixation artifacts, limited isoform-specific probes, low multiplexing and difficulty sampling cells with irregular morphologies. To scrutinize healthy vessels for subpopulations of SMCs with proliferative-like phenotypes, we developed a high-specificity, multiplexed single-cell immunoblotting cytometry tool for unfixed, uncultured primary cells. We applied our assay to demonstrate maturation stage profiling of aortic SMCs freshly isolated from individual mice. After ensuring unbiased sampling of SMCs (80-120 μm in length), we performed single-SMC electrophoretic protein separations, which resolve protein signal from off-target antibody binding, and immunoblotted for differentiation markers α-SMA, CNN-1 and SMMHC (targets ranging from 34 kDa to 227 kDa). We identified a subpopulation of immature-like SMCs, supporting the recently-established mechanism that only a subset of SMCs is responsible for vascular remodeling. Furthermore, the low sample requirements of our assay enable single-mouse resolution studies, which minimizes animal sacrifice and experimental costs while reporting animal-to-animal phenotypic variation, essential for achieving reproducibility and surmounting the drawbacks of pooling primary cells from different animals.
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